第一篇：高級英語修辭總結(jié)

1)Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等詞2)Metaphor：(暗喻)喻詞常由：是、就是、成了、成為、變成3)Analogy:(類比)

4)Personification:(擬人)5)Hyperbole:(夸張)6)Understatement:(含蓄陳述）

7)Euphemism:(委婉)

8)Metonymy:(轉(zhuǎn)喻）轉(zhuǎn)喻又稱換喻，或借代。

9)Synecdoche(提喻）整體代部分，部分代整體

10)Antonomasia(換喻）11)Pun:(雙關(guān)語）12)Syllepsis:(一語雙敘）

13)Zeugma:(軛式搭配）把適用于某一事物的詞語順勢用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一個句子里一個詞可以修飾或者控制兩個或更多的詞，它可以使語言活潑，富有幽默感。

14)Irony:(反語）運用跟本意相反的詞語來表達此意，卻含有否定、諷刺以及嘲弄的意

15)Innuendo:(暗諷）16)Sarcasm:(諷刺）17)Paradox:(似非而是的雋語）即短而機智之妙語，名言警句

18)Oxymoron:(矛盾修飾）

19)Antithesis:(對照)

20)Epigram:(警句）21)Climax:(漸進或遞升法）22)Anti-climax or bathos:（突降，漸降)

23)Apostrophe：(頓呼）

24)Transferred Epithet:(移就，轉(zhuǎn)類形容詞）就是有意識的把描寫甲事物的詞語移用來描寫乙事物。一般可分為移人于物、移物于人、移物于物三類。

25)Alliteration:(頭韻）頭韻是指一組詞、一句話或一行詩中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)開頭音相同的單詞，簡明生動，起到突出重點，加深印象，平衡節(jié)奏，宣泄感情的作用。

26)Onomatopoeia:(擬聲）

27)Synaesthesia：(通感,聯(lián)覺,移覺)

28）Parallelism(排比，平行)29）Allegory（諷喻，比方，寓言）30）Parody（仿擬）31）Rhetorical question（修辭疑問，反問）32）Rhetorical repetition（疊言）33）Allusion（典故，隱喻）34）anaphora（首語重復(fù)法）

第二篇：高級英語第一冊所有修辭方法及例子總結(jié)

Personification:

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Hyperbole

Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to emphasize a point, to create humor, or to achieve some similar effects

1)...takes you...hundreds even thousands of years

2)innumerable lamps

3)with the dust of centuries

4)…

5)...cruise through eternal boyhood and...endless summer of freedom...6)America laughed with him.7).The trial that rocked the world

8)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.9)Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.Onomatopoeia:

1)creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing

2).its anking, heel icking

3)appreciative chuckle

4)clucked his tongue

Metaphor

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)I had a lump in my throat At last this intermezzo came to an end...I was again crushed by the thought..hen the meaning...sank in, jolting me outof my sad reverie little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt

little old Japan----traditional floating houses

6)I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact

Hiroshima----people of Hiroshima, especially those who suffered from the A-bomb

(keep her thoughts under control)E.g.1)Whether for him, the arch 3)The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except and racial domination.a.his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.(give sb.an angry and quick glare)

b.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.(the detective said the words suddenly and savagely.)

c.Her tone...withered...(become shorter from her frightening voice)

d....self-assurance...flickered...(hesitate;move with a quick wavering light emotion)

e.The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.1)f.Her voice was a whiplash.i.(a heavy blow)

2)g.eyes bored into him

i.(look at him pointedly or sharply)

3)h.I’ll spell it out.a)(explain or speak outfrankly and in detail)

4)1.Mark Twain---Mirror of America

5)2.Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise

through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.6)3.The geographic core, in Twain's early years was the great valley of the Mississippi

River , main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart.7)4.The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied — a

cosmos.8)Cast of characters: people of various sorts;cosmos: a place where one can find all sorts

of characters

9)5.Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but

its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as will.10)current: stream, here not a good choice for the verb teem.11)6.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in

Nevada 's Washoe region.12)Succumbed…to: gave way to(yielded to, submitted to)the gold and silver rush

prevailing in that area.13)7.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the

persistent, and was rebuffed.Flirted…wealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealth…

14)

15)

16)

17)

18)

19)

20)

21)

22)

23)

24)

25)

26)

27)

28)

29)

30)

31)

32)

33)

34)failed 8.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.6.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada 's Washoe region.Succumbed…to: gave way to(yielded to, submitted to)the gold and silver rush prevailing in that area.7.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed.Flirted…wealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealth…failed Digging …fame: working hard to gain regional fameMark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles.Honed: sharpened/exercised.It is not suitable to say “sharpen one's muscles”.saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...(submarine comes back to the surface, here reappear)When railroads began drying up the demand......took unholy verbal shots...my case would snowball into...our town...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street...sprouted with...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…The case had erupted on my head.Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a …But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan.Then the court broke into a storm of applause that …He accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death …

Irony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humor or sarcasm.1)Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan

2)marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century

Anti-climax : the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serious significant ideas and suspensions.This device is usu.aimed at creating comic or humorous effects.1)a town known throughout the world for its---oysters

Parallelism

the repetition of sounds, meanings and structures serve to order, emphasize, and point out relations

?

?

?

?(1)The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies...(2)the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector(3)We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.(4)are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.?(5)Let us...Let us...?(6)He hopes...He hopes

(7)Behind all this glare, behind all this storm

Litotes(double negative)(語輕意重法,間接肯定法)

a)A negative before another word to indicate a strong affirmative in the opposite

direction.b).Sarcasm

1)ah, yes, for there are times when all pray

2)There is some doubt about that.3)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the

world.Alliteration（頭韻）repetition of vowel sound

1)2)

3)4)its anking, heel ickingRhetorical question

1)E.g.… but can you doubt what our policy will be?

Assonance e.g.when bigots lighted faggots to burn...Repetition –

Antithesis(兩個結(jié)構(gòu)相似但是意思相反的平行從句便是對偶句)

1)E.g.Anyman or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.(E.g.The coward does it with a kiss, the brave man a sword.)

2)From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.3)...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...4)...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever

Simile

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding...a memory that seemed phonographic...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...The oratorical storm … blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh

wind …

Periodic sentence(圓周句)

Periodic sentences achieve forcefulness by suspense.The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.松散句把主要意思放在次要意思之前，先說最重要的事情，因而讀者在看到最初的幾個詞后就知道這句話的意思。圓周句的安排則相反：把最重要的意思放到最后面，并且直到最后一個詞時句子的結(jié)構(gòu)才完整。讀者只有看完整句話才知道它說什么。

She decided to study English though she was interested in music.（松散句）

Although she was interested in music, she finally decided to study English.（圓周句）

1)E.g.The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.2)aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.? Euphemism:

? 1)he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man's final release from

earthly struggles

? 2)He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confederate guerrillas

who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.1)Metonymy:

but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe

2)...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...3)The Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes that he

must have come from below.Ridicule

1)Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted...2)Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.3)...a palm fan like a sword...Transferred epithet

1)e.g.Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.2)Antithesis

3)e.g.The Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes that

he must have come from below.?

Oxymoron

?Malone called my conviction a “victorious defeat”.Pun

Darwin is right---inside.Synecdoche

?The case had erupted on my head.

第三篇：英語修辭

1.Anacoluthon：n.句法前后不一致；前言不搭后語

n.破格文體；錯格；句法不一致，說話時句子中途變更語型以致前后結(jié)構(gòu)不一致名詞（An abrupt change within a sentence from one syntactic structure to another）“I will have such revenges on you both, That all the world shall--I will do such things, What they are, yet I know not.”

2.Anadiplosis（聯(lián)珠法）A rhetorical term for the repetition of the last word of one

line or clause to begin the next.“When I give I give myself.”

3.Analogy比擬;類推,類比Analogy is a form of comparison, but unlike simile or

metaphor, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities of points of resemblance.4.Anastrophe(倒置法)A rhetorical term for the inversion of conventional word

order“Intelligent she was not.In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.”

5.Anesis緩和A figure of addition that occurs when a concluding sentence,clause, or phrase is added to a statement which purposely diminishes the effect of what has been previously stated.“ Now Naaman, captain of the host of the king of Syria, was a great man with his master, and honorable, because by him the LORD had given deliverance unto Syria: he was also a mighty man in valor,6.Antithesis對照，對語juxtaposition（并列）of contrasting ideas in balanced

phrases or clauses.“Many are called, but few are chosen.”

7.archaism ['ɑ:keiiz?m,-ki-]n.古語；擬古主義；古體is the use of a form of

speech or writing that is no longer current.“the odd man out”, which originally came from the phrase “to find the odd man out”, where the verb “to find out” has been split by its object “the odd man”, meaning the item which does not fit.8.Cacophony : n.刺耳的聲音, 雜音is the demonstration of unpleasant

phonaesthetics.1.blare(像喇叭般)發(fā)嘟嘟聲;發(fā)出響而刺耳的聲音

2.screech(表示驚恐、痛苦的)尖叫;尖銳刺耳的聲音，猴子尖叫

3.roar 表示機器的轟鳴聲，尖銳刺耳的聲音

4.howl鬼哭狼嚎的尖銳刺耳的聲音

5.squeak老鼠的尖叫，豬尖叫

6.nicker & whinny馬嘶

7.grating 刺耳的（人因為音色而說話刺耳）

8.raspy 刺耳的（人因為生病而說話刺耳,9，chiasmus n.交錯法in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first with the parts reversed.“I flee who chases me, and chase who flees me.”

10，Climax 高潮 is one kind of expressive rhetorical devices． The proper use of it can not only strengthen the power of sentences，express the meaning more clearly，but also make the sentence pattern more orderly and more rhythmic，and thus it impresses the readers more deeply． 例子：I came，I saw，I conquered．（Julius Caesar）came，saw，conquered并列，詞語之間在意義上由弱到強依次遞升達到高潮。這是典型的層進辭格句。

11，Etymology詞源學(xué) A rhetorical term for repetition of a word or phrase for

emphasis, usually with no words in between.例子：“It's a twister!It's a twister!”(Zeke in The Wizard of Oz, 1939)“這是龍卷風(fēng)！這是龍卷風(fēng)！”（齊克在綠野仙蹤，1939年）

12.Exemplum 例證figure of amplification using an example, brief or extended, real or fictitious, to illustrate an example;

The use of exemplum is similar to “for example”

13，hyperbaton 倒置法Hyperbaton is a figure of speech in which words that naturally belong together are separated from each other for emphasis or effect.例子 “Bloody thou art;bloody will be thy end”

14，Hyperbole(修辭的夸張法)is that describes something as better or worse than it really is.Hyperboles are exaggerations to create emphasis or effect.例子“Her wrinkles weigh more than she does!” Elizabeth（她的皺紋比她更重）15，The hysteron proteron詞語的前后倒置，逆序法 is a rhetorical device in which the first key word of the idea refers to something that happens temporally later than the second key word.例子 “shoes and socks,” rather than socks and shoes,16，Metaphor 暗喻A metaphor is a figure of speech where comparison is implied.例子The years have slivered her hair.歲月已使她鬢發(fā)如霜

17，Metonymy借代 Metonymy is a figure of speech has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another.例子The White House supports the bill(using White House instead of President.The President is not like the White House, but there is contiguity between them).It uses closely related subjects。Oxymoron矛盾修辭法is a figure of speech which is formed by the conjoining

of two contrasting, contradictory terms to produce a special effect.An oxymoron is a compressed paradox.（用兩種不相調(diào)和或截然相反的詞語來形容某一事物, 在矛盾中尋求哲理, 這種修辭手法叫做矛盾修飾法。）noble lie 高尚的謊言 19 paradox（似非而可能正確的議論）a statement or expression so surprisingly

self‐contradictory as to provoke us into seeking another sense or context in which it would be true“I am lying,” for example, and we assume that his statement is true, it must be false.The paradox is that the statement “I am lying” is false if it is true.praeteritio(=paraleipsis)假省筆法(省略重要部分反而加強意義的方法或故意

省略重要部分而引人注意)suggesting by deliberately concise treatment that much of significance is omitted;pretended omission for rhetorical effect;e.g Let us make no judgment on the events of Chappaquiddick, since the facts are not yet all in.A political opponent of Senator Edward KennedySarcasm諷刺;嘲笑;挖苦is “a sharp, bitter, or cutting expression or remark;a

bitter jibe or taunt”, usually conveyed through irony or understatement.例子critical comments may be expressed in an ironic way, such as saying “don't work too hard” to a lazy worker.22.Syllepsis一語雙敘法；兼用法；軛語法 use of a word to govern two or more

words though agreeing in number or case etc.with only one.例子“The sky—and my hopes—is falling.”

23，A transferred epithet“移就修飾”，亦稱“轉(zhuǎn)移修飾a figure of speech where an epithet(an adjective ordescriptive phrase)is transferred from the none it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong.例子 His story achieved nothing but cheap laughs.他的故事僅僅賺了點廉價的笑聲。

24，trope 比喻，修辭，轉(zhuǎn)譯is the usage of figurative language in literature, or a figure of speech in which words are used in a sense different from their literal

meaning.例子The ship of state has sailed through rougher storms than the tempest of these lobbyists.“ 25，Zeugma [zewg‐m?], a figure of speech by which one word refers to two others in the same sentence.軛式修飾法 例子“Mr.Jones took his coat and his leave”26，Aporia 難點a rhetorically useful expression of doubt.Euphony 悅耳的聲音Euphony is achieved through the use of vowel sounds in words of generally serene imagery例子The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters came.”

28，Hypophora設(shè)問in which the speaker poses a question and then answers the question.例子“Do you know the difference between education and experience? Education is when you read the fine print;experience is what you get when you don't.”

29，pun 雙關(guān)語a humorous play on words eg1.例子 Seven days without water makes one weak.七天不進水，人就會虛弱。weak和week是同音異義詞。因此這句話聽起來可以理解為：Seven days without water makes one week.Litotes 間接肯定法(Litotes)是指用反對語的否定表達肯定的正面的意義的一種修辭手段。間接肯定法也稱曲意法。間接肯定法與夸張法恰恰相反Understatement for rhetorical effect(especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary)例子.This is no small all accomplishment.這可是一個不小的成就。（用no small表示great)

Scesis Onomaton 同意句重復(fù) emphasizes an idea by expressing it in a string of generally synonymous phrases or statements.例子Wendy lay there, motionless in a peaceful slumber, very still in the arms of sleep.32 Epanalepsis（語句間隔反復(fù)）1.Our eyes saw it, but we could not believe our eyes.

第四篇：修辭總結(jié)

擬人句

1、寬闊的錢塘江橫臥在眼前。《觀潮》

2、一部分樹枝垂到水面，從遠處看，就像一株大樹臥在水面上。《鳥的天堂》

3、一只畫眉鳥飛了出來，被我們的掌聲一嚇，又飛進了葉叢，站在一根小枝上興奮地叫著，那歌聲真好聽。《鳥的天堂》

4、當四周很安靜的時候，蟋蟀就在這平臺上彈琴。《蟋蟀的住宅》

5、主人有的是時間，把粗糙的地方修理平整。《蟋蟀的住宅》

6、它板正的姿勢啦，步態(tài)啦，和別的公鵝攀談時的腔調(diào)啦，全是海軍上將的派頭。《白公鵝》

7、要不，它就與鄰近的鵝群來上一場廝打，弄得滿河里漂浮著撕咬下來的亂羽。《白公鵝》

8、干這種勾當它從不偷偷摸摸，總是從從容容，不緊不慢的，因為它自認為是這條河的主宰。《白公鵝》

9、可是，它聽到老鼠的一點響動，又是多么盡職。《貓》

10、它的頭撞在門上，桌腿上，撞疼了也不哭。《貓》

11、有的時候，它不這樣亂叫，而是細聲細氣的，有什么心事似的，顫顫巍巍的，順著墻根，或沿著田壩，那么扯長了聲如怨如訴，使人心中立刻結(jié)起個小疙瘩來。《母雞》

12、發(fā)現(xiàn)了一點兒可吃的東西，它咕咕地緊叫，啄一啄那個東西，馬上便放下，讓它的兒女吃。《母雞》

13、小小的植物種子經(jīng)過一番太空旅行，好像獲得了“魔力”，可以有這么多美妙的變化和神奇的用途。《飛船上的特殊乘客》

比喻句

1、過了一會兒，響聲越來越大，只見東邊水天相接的地方出現(xiàn)了一條白線，人群又沸騰起來。《觀潮》

2、浪潮越來越近，猶如千萬匹白色戰(zhàn)馬齊頭并進，浩浩蕩蕩地飛奔而來；《觀潮》

3、不同高度的自然帶呈現(xiàn)出不同的自然景觀，猶如凌空展開的一幅神奇美麗的畫卷。《雅魯藏布大峽谷》

4、莖上長葉柄的地方，反而伸出枝狀的六七根細絲，每根細絲像蝸牛的觸角。《爬山虎的腳》

5、出口的地方總有一叢草半掩著，就像一座門。《蟋蟀的住宅》

6、落步之前，它總要先把腳掌往上抬抬，再合上掌蹼，就像收起張開的扇面一樣；《白公鵝》

7、它要是高興，能比誰都溫柔可親：用身子蹭你的腿，把脖子伸出來讓你給它抓癢，或是在你寫作的時候，跳上桌來，在稿紙上踩印幾朵小梅花。《貓》

8、遠看長城，它像一條長龍，在崇山峻嶺之間蜿蜒盤旋。《長城》

9、正前面，昆明湖靜得像一面鏡子，綠得像一塊碧玉。《頤和園》

10、這個剛滿18歲的年輕人，患了嚴重的白血病，生命就像即將凋零的含苞的花朵，唯有骨髓移植，才能使這朵生命之花綻放。《跨越海峽的生命橋》

11、那血脈親情，如同生命的火種，必將一代一代傳下去。《跨越海峽的生命橋》

12、我雖然未見葉老先生的面，卻從他的批改中感受到他的認真、平和以及溫暖，如春風(fēng)拂面。《那片綠綠的爬山虎》

13、夏日的燥熱仿佛一下子減去了許多，陽光都變成綠色的，像溫柔的小精靈一樣在上面跳躍著，閃爍著迷離的光點。《那片綠綠的爬山虎》

14、落日的余暉染紅窗欞，院里那一墻的爬山虎，綠得沉郁，如同一片濃濃的湖水，映在客廳的玻璃窗上，不停地搖曳著，顯得虎虎有生氣。《那片綠綠的爬山虎》

15、遼西的發(fā)現(xiàn)向世人展示了恐龍長羽毛的證據(jù)，給這幅古生物學(xué)家們描繪的畫卷涂上了“點睛”之筆。《飛向藍天的恐龍》

16、飛船上的特殊乘客

《飛船上的特殊乘客》

夸張句

1、那聲音如同山崩地裂，好像大地都被震得顫動起來。《觀潮》

2、就是聾子也會被它吵得受不了。《母雞》

排比句

1、大的，小的，花的，黑的有的站在樹枝上叫，有的飛起來，有的在撲翅膀。《鳥的天堂》

2、這地方的火燒云變化極多，一會兒紅彤彤的，一會兒金燦燦的，一會兒半紫半黃，一會兒半灰半百合色。《火燒云》

3、那里，春天鮮花盛開，夏天綠樹成陰，秋天鮮果飄香，冬天白雪一片。《巨人的花園》

4、有的頷首低眉，若有所思，好像在考慮如何相互配合，戰(zhàn)勝敵人； 有的目光炯炯，神態(tài)莊重，好像在暗下決心，誓為秦國統(tǒng)一天下作殊死拼搏；有的緊握雙拳，好像在聽候號角，待命出征；有的凝視遠方，好像在思念家鄉(xiāng)的親人??走近它們的身旁，似乎能感受到輕微的呼吸聲。《秦兵馬俑》

5、有些恐龍像它們的祖先一樣兩足奔跑，有些恐龍則用四足行走；有些恐龍 身長幾十米，重達數(shù)十噸，有些恐龍則身材小巧，體重不足幾公斤；有些恐龍兇猛異常，是茹毛飲血的食肉動物，有些恐龍則溫順可愛，以植物為食。《飛向藍天的恐龍》

反問句

1、說它貪玩吧，的確是呀，要不怎么會一天一夜不回家呢？《貓》

設(shè)問句

1、它有特別好的工具嗎？沒有。《蟋蟀的住宅》

2、是誰來呼風(fēng)喚雨呢？當然是人類。靠什么呼風(fēng)喚雨呢？靠的是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)。《呼風(fēng)喚雨的世紀》

3、這些優(yōu)點從何而來呢？從太空中來。《飛船上的特殊乘客》

第五篇：現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語6 修辭總結(jié)

高英II 修辭總結(jié)

Unit 1 : 1.Satire:

1)This is associated with the names of David Ricardo, a stockbroker, and Thomas Robert Maltus, a divine.2)Murray is the voice of Spencer our time;he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles.2.Irony:

1)This is, in some ways, an admirable solution.2)Couples in love should repair to R.H.Macy’s, not their bedrooms 3)```Social Darwinism came to be considered a bit too cruel.4)It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical

preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise.5)In the enduring words of Professor Milton Friedman, people must

be “free to choose”.6)All, save perhaps the last, are great inventive descent form

Bentham, Malthus, and Spencer.3.Critical attitude: The only form of discrimination that is still permissinle```is discrimination against people who work for the federal government, especially on social welfare activities.Unit 2: 1.Simile:

1)Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids.2)The burly arms of the oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.3)The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but``` 2.Foreshadowing: I heard that countless human skeletons were left bare in his bayouonce when a hurricane blew the water out.3.Suggestion: He had secluded himself in this remote area of the Everglades because he was not welcome elsewhere;from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial,```

4.Understatement: There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters, and there was a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away.5.Quotation :(a legend): But these marks o wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song.6.Comparison: 1)King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day.2)With the weight of this new stillness on it, this seal.Unit 3:

1.Allusion: Like Creation, the portending global events are cosmic: They

change the relationship between the planet Earth and its star, the sun.2.Metaphor: 1)It is not so much a battle cry for one side or the other,as a design for negotiating and end to suicidal war—for making peace with the planet.2)How all my town territory would be altered, as if a

landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.3.Pun: But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals in

goods—things that serve a useful purpose—this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads”—things that are not only useless but often deadly.Unit 4:

1.Personification: Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a

presence—the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby.3.Alliteration: She did not ask me—was it delicacy or disapproval? 4.(通感)：

1)All afternoon while the men were gone I was full of happy

energy.(happy 實際上是用來修飾“我”)

4.Parallel structure: Against the belief in the all-encompassing power of singleexplanation, against```, against```(unit 5)

Unit 6:

1.Pseudo-serious tone: The creams, slightly muffled by oil,```as thoughtorture were being carried out but they didn’t last long: It was all over rather suddenly, and, his legs released, thepig righted himself.2.Biblical allusion:

1)From then until the time of his death I held the pig steadily in the bowl of my mind;

2)The pig’s lot and mine inextricably bound now, as though the rubber tube were the silver cord.3.Alliteration: But even so, there was a directness and dispatch about animal burial.4.Symbolize: He had evidently become precious to me, not that he represented a distant nourishment in a hungry time, but that he had suffered in a suffering world.(對作者來說，the suffering of the pig symbolizes the suffering of human beings.)

5.Humorous:

1)The frequency of our trips down the footpath through the orchard

to the pig yard delighted him, although he suffers greatly arthritis, moves with difficulty, and would be bedridden if he could find anyone willing to serve him meals on the tray.2)I have come to believe that there is in hostesses a special power of

divination, and that they deliberately arrange dinners to coincide with pig failure or some other sort of failure.(humorously accuses the hostesses)

3)This was slapstick—the sort of dramatic treatment that instantly

appealed to my old dachund, Fre,```presided at the interment.4)This uncertainty afflicts me with a sense of personal

determination;if I were in decent health I would know how many nights I had sat up with a pig.6.Parallel structure:

1)```with the fog shutting in every night, scaling for a few hours in

mid-day, then creeping back again at dark, drifting in first over the trees on the point, then```

2)```everything about the last scene seemed overwritten—the dismal

sky, the shabby woods, the imminence of rain, the worm``