第一篇：專業四級考試寫作應對方法

專業四級考試寫作應對方法

專四寫作包括兩部分，一是要求在35分鐘內寫一篇150字左右的短文，二是要求在10分鐘內寫一個50--60字的便條。這兩部分均為命題作文，作文內容與大學生的日常生活、學習都密切相關，另外也有社會熱點問題，比如環保、旅游、健身等，題目理解起來都比較容易。

短文寫作部分文體為議論文，一般采用三段式的結構，第一段為論點，第二段為論據，第三段為結論。最高要求為文章內容切題，思想表達清楚，論據充分，論證嚴密，基本無語言錯誤。要想寫好一篇文章，應該注意一下寫作步驟：

1.審題：作文評分的第一個要求就是內容切題，因此審題特別關鍵。專業四級作文都是命題作文，而且多有中文提示或提綱，所以你首先應了解命題的基本要求，理解題目的真正意圖，然后確定提綱中的關鍵詞及各要點間的邏輯，整理自己的思路，對自己所想到的內容進行組織和全面安排。尤其對要討論的問題，該涉及的內容，所需的事實、例證、闡述、說明和總結等，在頭腦中形成一個整體的構思。

2.組織段落：構思好之后，根據構思的提綱，運用選好的材料，恰當地運用連詞，合理安排段落，使文章條理清楚、內容連貫。段落的組織主要是通過擴展句對主題句的支持或說明來進行的。各段的主題句在審題構思時就應基本形成，主題句確定下來，接著就是通過一系列的擴展句，來說明、論證或闡述主題句的思想。常見的段落展開方法有列舉、舉例、比較和對比、因果、敘述、歸類、下定義等，考試時應靈活運用。

3.修改：也就是說要刪除與主題不相干的內容，檢查句子時態、語態等。特別應注意單詞的正確拼寫；字母大小寫和標點符號；數的一致性（包括主語與謂語以及名詞與其限定語的單復數一致性）；指代關系（包括指代的一致性和代詞的選用）；動詞形式（時態、語態、語氣）等方面。

關于考試過程中短文寫作的時間分配問題。我們知道，短文寫作的時間為35分鐘, 要力爭寫完寫好, 這就要求考生做到有條不紊，忙而不亂，充分發揮自己應有的水平。建議按照如下的方案分配時間: 審題1～2分鐘；組織素材, 細節和關鍵詞: 4～5分鐘； 起草: 20～25分鐘；修改定稿: 4～5分鐘。

最后要說明的是，從某種意義上來說，專業四級考試作文有其固定的寫作格式、結構，而對于固定的題型，有固定不變的表達法。因此，大家有理由相信只要訓練方法得當，搞好寫作是不難的。大家不妨試試多背范文和常用句型，包括各類型作文的開頭、結尾句、中間展開、過渡句，以及比較、圖表說明等的常用句型和表達法，然后自己多動筆寫一寫，只要按這樣的方法進行練習，相信在一定時間內就可以在寫作上取得滿意的分數。因為是三段式作文，寫作的時候一定注意第一段提出的論點要簡潔明了，開門見山；第二段的論據要能充分說明論點，論證條理清楚；第三段的結論要水到渠成，切忌草率，嚴謹完整的結尾是取得高分的保證。

便條寫作最主要的是注意格式正確，交待清楚，比如請柬、賀信、道歉函等，要注意稱呼、正文、簽名等的格式，一定要把相關的時間、地點、原因及主要事件內容交待清楚

第二篇：專業四級考試歷年寫作真題

專業四級考試歷年寫作真題(1992-2005)1992

My View on Reading Extensively 1993

My Idea of Becoming a Teaching in the Future 1994

TV: a good thing or a bad thing? 1995

Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.1996

Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school.Now, you have been asked by the Student’s Union to write a passage entitled: The Main Difference Between My College Life And My Middle School Life 1997

Some of your classmates think that more pressure from academic studies is not beneficial to students.You either agree or disagree with them: More pressure from academic studies does(does not)good to us 1998

It is now generally accepted that vehicles(cars, trucks, etc.)are a major source of air pollution in cities.Your are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.One way to solve the problem 1999

We see advertisements on television everyday.Some people think that TV advertising brings as benefits, but others don’t think so.What is your opinion? A major advantage/disadvantage of advertising on television 2000

College life should be varied and colorful.And extracurricular activities are an important aspect of it.However, at present, there is much room for improvement in this regard.Write an article to the university radio entitled: The importance of extracurricular activities 2001

Travel has become part of our life.And more and more of us have come to know the significance of travel through our own experience: Travel broadens the mind 2002

Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health.And they have different ways to stay healthy.For example, some exercise every day;others try to keep a balanced diet.What do you think is the best way to stay healthy? The Best Way to Stay Healthy 2003 People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family.So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:THE IMPORTANCE OF KEEPING A GOOD MOOD 2004 Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other.So, some say that phones will kill letter writing.What is your opinion?WILL PHONES KILL LETTER WRITING? 2005 The students’ Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: MY IDEA OF A UNIVERSITY ARTS FESTIVAL 比較題型 I.比較兩個事物A&B優缺點，表明傾向

1996: The Main Difference Between My College Life And My Middle School Life 2004: WILL PHONES KILL LETTER WRITING?

Beginning: Between the two(AB上義詞)……A, and B, I hold that A is a better ……(choice, means, way, access)Body: My belief(statement, view, point of view)that A is a better … is based on the following two reasons.The first reason is that A can(A enables us to do)……(擴展句)While B can only ……(擴展句)The second reason is that A can …… But(Nevertheless, However)B can only ……

Ending: For the reasons mentioned above, we can easily draw the conclusion that A outweigh B(A is superior to B)as an important C.論題+C, some people hold that A …, while others choose B as one important C.In my opinion, A is superior to B.My reasons for the preference for lie in the following aspects.Firstly, A …, while B … Secondly, A can …, but B… From the above two reasons, we can safely come to the conclusion that A outweighs B.II.

第三篇：專業英語四級考試寫作

2006年英語專業八級滿分作文

Ambition is the decision one makes and the resolution with which he carries out that decision.It provides us with the required driving force to accomplish any undertakings in our life.Just as Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer put it, “And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to choose to do something, then our life becomes meaningful and specifically orientated.This notion of life, as far as I observe, is closest to truth and does apply to almost all aspects of life.First things first, ambition renders us a sense of mission.No matter what decision you make you have to be responsible for your choice.Your choice procures you a sense of orientation, or more specially a sense of mission.And only a strong mission may enable one to accomplish greatness.Caesar of the ancient Roman Empire was urged by his ambition “I came, I saw, I conquered.” And became an unrivaled empire builder in the history of Rome.John Milton, stimulated always by his ambition that aimed at writing some “mighty lines” which England would unwillingly forget, had in due time secured his position as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature.In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the full.Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant potentials.Without ambition one’s potentials will remain slumbering like a dormant volcano.A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen Keller.It was her ambition to be a useful person has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang Haidi into a well-accomplished figure whose achievements would dwarf those of some normal people aim at the sun, though, at worst, they may probably land on the moon.Influential as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right direction.If wrongly directed, one’s ambition may bring havoc on him and others.Hitler, whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whatever evil means, finally turned him into a demon.It was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering.Another case is Macbeth whose ambition was to become the king of Scotland.However, his ambition was materialized by the murder of King Duncan.Consequently, unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him to his tragic doom.To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves.A poet says: life can be bad;life can be good;life can be dirty;life can be sad,;life can even be painful.In my mind’s eye, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a well-orientated ambition

(464 words)

考研英語小作文和大作文備考經驗談

作文歷來是研究生入學考試的重中之重，每年都有無數考研英豪難過英語關，從而與成功一步之遙，失之交臂。在名目繁多的輔導機構的海報滿天飛與媒體炒作日漸升溫時，如何一方面保持清醒的頭腦，一方面找到適合自己并且針對行之有效的學習方法，才是真正關鍵的問題。本文將重點給各位網友講講考研英語小作文、大作文的備考技巧經驗。

一、應用文（小作文）

應用文寫作要求考生在三個方面完成要求：一要注意把握信息點；第二是把握語言點，內容要十分明確，不要出現過多的錯誤；第三是要注意格式和語言。一是掌握格式的線條，主要是掌握兩種大的文類，一個是正式文體，一個是非正式文體。如果應用文涉及的是商務或者公務之類較正式的東西，那么語言表達的時候也得注意格式和書面化、規范化；如果要求寫便條給朋友的話，就應當用主語化的表達方式。

這幾個方面注意了，就可以很大地緩解難度。應用文的字數要求是100個字，大概8句話，8句話怎么分配呢？第一段就寫一句話，第一句話表明你寫信的基本內容：如果是詢問信息的話，就說你寫這封信要詢問以下幾個問題；如果是投訴，就說寫這封信是要表達對什么東西的不滿；如果是請求信，就說寫這封信想要請求什么東西就可以了。總之，就一句話，簡明扼要。然后，用簡練的語言表達清楚題目要求表達的內容和信息。最后一句話，就是一個禮貌的結尾。

二、大作文

大作文的寫作一般會給考生寫作提綱，或圖表、圖畫，或圖文并茂。命題方式雖然多樣，但題目涉及面往往是考生比較熟悉的內容，目的是測定考生語言的實際應用能力。要求表達清楚，文字連貫，中心突出，內容豐富，句式多變，句子結構和用詞正確。

語言的應用能力不可能一蹴而就，必須厚積薄發，必須經過長期的實踐鍛煉。如何提高英語寫作能力呢？一是要背大量的優秀范文，整段整篇地背，并轉換為自己的語言，寫作時才能隨心所欲地支配。考試時避免套用以前死記硬背的幾個范文，把一些詞不達意的詞堆積在一起，沒有統一性，無法很好地表現主題。

二是要多動手。包括對背過的文章進行詞語替換、句式轉換、句子重組等，以及對某一主題展開寫作。多動手才能提高筆下功夫，才能保證在考場上順利寫作。可以說背誦范文是培養語感、積累素材、掌握寫作方法的途徑，動手寫作則是實踐，是最終目的，這兩者結合起來，就是“理論聯系了實際”。另外，背誦范文應有針對性，寫作訓練也是一樣，在訓練中要掌握每一類型作文的寫作規律，根據其寫作特點(如提綱式作文就要求考生根據提綱提示的思路和規定的要點展開段落)進行全面訓練。但是，注意不要帶有押題的心理，靠背幾篇范文就能應付考試的心態是不可取的。很多高分考生認為，背誦《新概念英語》第三冊，熟練掌握其中的各種表達方式，并堅持每天進行英語隨筆練習，對于提高英語寫作能力十分有益。

三、應試技巧

1、認真審題

作文第一步是仔細審題，考生要仔細閱讀試題要求及相關信息，如圖表、圖畫、數字等，準確把握出題者意圖。考研作文忌信手拈來，提筆就寫，根本不審題，想到哪兒就寫到哪兒，或完全憑自己想象編故事，置考試要求于不顧，“下筆千言，離題萬里”。比如1998年考研作文是一幅卡通畫，老母雞申明外加一首打油詩，諷刺一些企業把該盡職之事作為推銷產品的承諾。2000年的作文“a brief history of world commercial fishing”，它給出了兩張圖，從1900年的漁船和魚量之比到1995年的漁船和魚量之比的變化談如何保護漁業資源，應從商業性濫捕魚這一主題展開話題，有的考生卻大談環境污染。這就偏離了主題，因為題中自始至終都沒有談到環境污染問題。

有的同學沒有審題習慣，或擔心時間不夠草草審題，最后文不對題，草草收場，這必然會影響英語成績，同時也會影響后兩門考試的心情。

2、列出提綱

考試規定的時間是很有限的，所以不能花太多時間準備一個詳細的提綱，但關鍵詞提綱或粗略提綱還是非常有必要的。對原始材料分析歸納后要形成一個基本的框架。文章打算分幾段寫，每段大概怎樣寫，字數控制在多少，開頭段落是道破主題、點明要旨、引人入勝還是先給出主題一般的背景情況和對主題進行濃縮的陳述，中間段落和結尾又怎樣寫，等等，這些都要心中有數。有的考生習慣用漢語構思文章，逐句翻譯提綱，當碰到某個詞卡住時就翻譯不下去，僵在那里。要注意列提綱是為了更好更全面地表達主題。主題的表達可有多種形式，不一定非要尋找一個特定的詞或句子。考試時考生要充分調動大腦，靈活運用以前所學知識。

3、開始寫作

一篇文章往往由四部分組成：標題(title)，首段(opening paragraph),主體(body paragraph),結尾段(concluding paragraph)。標題要新穎，能引起讀者興趣。首段的內容根據文章的體裁而變化：比如議論文可以從一種現象、一種觀點出發引出作者的觀點，記敘文往往交代人物和故事背景。主體是文章的主要部分，通過合適的語篇模式表達一定的觀點，考生要圍繞中心按一定順序分層次有重點地展開敘述、描寫和議論。結尾段是對全文的總結，論點上要與前面的敘述保持一致

寫好英語文章的20字訣

Agreement: 主語和謂語在人稱、數上的一致，關系代詞與先行詞的一致。Ambiguity: 盡量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語或句子。Brief: 文章“簡為貴”，要抓住要點，簡明扼要。Coherence: 文理通順，前后連貫。

Development: 主題的發揮應當充分、合理、正確。

Division: 詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當，劃分要清楚，避免使用重復字句和種子片段。Figures: 正確合理使用各類修辭格式。Inflated diction: 不使用做作的語言。Key: 用適當的關鍵詞突出主題，每段都應有主題句。Logical: 內容要符合邏輯。

Message: 信息要新鮮、確實、可信。Omit: 合理刪除多余的不必要部分。

Proposition: 主張、觀點、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。Punctuation: 正確適時使用標點符號。Relevant: 文章一定要要題。

Sentence pattern: 句型要盡量多樣化。Strait: 開門見山，直來直去。

Style: 文體恰切，適合內容要求。

Tense: 動詞時態要正確、一致、變化合理。Theme: 選題得當，主題突出

堅持八條英文寫作守則

1.Organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc.下筆前整合思緒：腦力激蕩，寫出綱要等。

2.Write clearly.Be concise.Avoid wordiness.寫作清晰，務必精簡，避免贅言。

3.Use good grammar and write complete sentences.使用好的文法，寫出完整句子。

4.Write simple sentences.Avoid a fancy style.嘗試簡單句，避免花俏的句法。

5.Avoid slang、cliche and informal words.避免俚語、陳腔濫調和非正式用字。

6.Avoid use of the first person(i.e.I/me/my)unless necessary to specific piece.除非必要，避免使用第一人稱：如“我/我的”。

7.Writing naturally.Read it aloud.Does it sound natural? Does it flow? 自然揮灑，大聲朗誦。整篇文章聽起來自然嗎？通順嗎？

8.Move logically from one idea to the next.Don't skip steps.上下句意要合乎邏輯。別毫無章法亂跳。

談英語作文的“寫”與“作”

絕大多數的英語學習者，一想到寫英語作文，就會頭“大”。他們常常苦思冥想，然后草草而就，只求按時“交差”，別的就顧不上了。這種狀態下炮制出來的“大作”，其質量可想而知。

對初學者而言，一篇英語作文的過程，至少應該包括兩個階段，“寫”與“作”。

所謂“寫”的過程應該與中文寫作沒有很大區別，無非是扣題，構思，表述。惟一要特別注意的是，我們寫英語作文時，一般要求的字數比較少，所以我們在文章的結構上更須注意突出重點，集中火力。在非重點部分，不要隨便發揮，而應該盡量直奔主題。以本次征文比賽為例，題目是The English Teacher I Admire Most，那么文章的重點應該是講述why I admire him/her，what is so special about him/her，what I see in him/her，what has made him/her such a wonderful teacher等等，你可以狀貌，但主要應該是“寫神”，狀貌應該簡短，應該只起鋪墊的作用。寫這篇文章當然離不開敘事，全文可能敘述一件或多件事，那么這一件或多件事各自所占的分量應該有分寸，使整篇文章保持平衡。敘事時應該直奔主旨。英語寫作的傳統非常注重所謂的topic sentence——能夠統攝全文或者全段的句子。這個句子最好出現在文章的開頭，然后在文章的結尾處用不同的表述呼應這個句子。例如，有一篇應征例文的第一句是這樣的：She takes us into the magical English world。這就是一個非常有力的topic sentence。這一個句子就足可吸引讀者，讓讀者相信作者心中對她確實有一種毫無保留甚或“五體投地”的admiration，接下來就會有興趣了解她究竟有怎樣的magic power，讓學生如此著迷。這篇文章的結句是her charisma(魅力)is unbelievable，非常有力度，charisma與unbelievable兩個詞巧妙地呼應了magic這個詞。文章需要topic sentence，每個段落最好也要有這樣非常powerful的topic sentence。構思完成以后，就是落筆表述的過程。這個過程應該迅速，最好能夠一氣呼成，不要過多地顧忌是否犯了語法錯誤，或者表述是否清楚。不要猶猶豫豫，一步三回頭，因為在完成了

“寫”以后，你還有一個“作”的過程。所謂“作”，就是“精雕細作”。英語初學者常常覺得自己“眼高手低”，想表述的意思難以成文，本來很精致的“意”卻表現為頗為笨拙的“文”。這當然與我們掌握的詞匯有限相關。但是，我們有限的詞匯與表達，經過適當的調度與搭配，還是可以“作”出好文章來的。

我們在寫完初稿以后，不妨讓自己的好友讀一下，看看他是否明白文章的每一個句子。因為作者自己常常把想到而沒有表述出來的信息也read into the article，因此不容易發現表述不清的問題。

處理完了表述問題以后，就進入“深加工”階段。英語寫作最強調韻律感，即使是高深的學術文章，讀起來常常也會很有“樂感”。這種“樂感”主要來自于句子結構的變化與組合。簡而言之，就是長短結合，錯落有致。英語的句子結構變化比較多，但我們在寫作時受漢語的影響很深，寫出的句子常常整齊劃一，缺少變化。我們在加工時，就要有意地想：某幾個簡單句能加工成一個復合句或者復雜句；我們的每一個句子的主語是否都是“人”(從頭到尾都是he或者we)，是否可以用一個抽象名詞或者一個ing結構來充當其中某些句子的主語，以此構成主語的變化；在一個“意群”中，是否每個句子都是以主語開始；是否每個句子的謂語動詞都是簡單的一個動詞，能否把其中的某一個或幾個改成詞組；能否構成一個又一個“短句+長句+短句”的意群組合；對于每一個表述，都可以想一下，這種表述是否太中文化，英語是否有更簡單的表達。

某個大詩人曾經說過：詩是“寫”出來的，而不應該是“作”出來的。但對我們英語初學者而言，在練習時，還是應該一次又一次地、有意識地經歷這樣的“作”的過程。“作”多了，方能在“臨戰”時瀟灑地“寫”。(作者:梁凱文,華東師大英語系副教授)

英語寫作中的“結構重組”問題 各類考試中英語寫作雖有模板可循，究其實質，仍是漢譯英。任何一名考生在英語寫作中，難逃“漢譯英”的邏輯套路，所走思路一般為先胸中形成漢語意思，再將漢語意思轉換為英文，即便英語素養較高的考生，在兩者轉換過程中沒有時間差，出手即英文也是不太可能的。就在這一轉換過程中，盡顯英雄本色，英語英雄者，妙筆生花，出手不凡；英語笨拙者，最后只能造出個不中不洋的拙劣句子。我們可以給漢譯英一個重新定位：包含所有語言信息的一種結構再造。具體說來就是面對一句中文，翻譯時要打亂原有語序和結構，自行設計，重組語言信息，無限靠近原汁原味的英語，姑且將這種方法稱之為“結構重組”。這一點是基于這么一個事實：英語跟中文的語序和結構不盡一樣。下面舉例說明：

（1）簡單句類（所謂簡單句，即是含有一個動詞的句子）

看一例：他嗓門大。最容易翻譯成：His voice is loud.評語：超級直白

而更好的翻譯是：He has a loud voice.其實就成了 他有一個大嗓門。如果第一步便翻譯成he has a loud voice，恭喜，你就被歸入少數具備英語思維的高手類了，就這么簡單。

對策：多多積攢類似例句，然后多多模仿。

試一個：她身材好，便可翻譯成：She has a good figure.（2）復雜句類

看一例：我抬頭一看，只見一群衣衫襤褸的孩子，默默無聲得站于四周，觀看著我倆進餐。

按照原文語序很容易翻成：I looked up and saw that a group of children in rags surrounding us silently and seeing us eating dinner.評語：直白，動詞堆砌，不流暢。

先準備語言信息：抬頭一看：look up；衣衫襤褸的孩子：children in rags；默默：silently；觀看：look at。最后范文是：Looking up, I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us as we ate.（新概念3 第48課line35-36）

分析：范文用到了現在分詞作伴隨狀語（looking up,），主動意思由被動形式表達，（were surrounded by）并設計出一個定語從句來（who were looking at us as we ate）原文中看不出來定語（….的）痕跡。

對策，含有多個動詞的句子，將動詞進行主次區分，次要動詞非謂語化，主要動詞謂語化，附帶從句設計，定語從句首當其沖現行被考慮。

總之，寫句子時，不要立馬下手，凝神定氣，多三思，在結構安排上有所建樹和創新，大膽

將信息重組，結構優化，力圖寫出地道的英文句子，這是個長期的功夫。

最后建議學員可將新概念2，3 冊拿來做漢譯英的練習，將每篇課文的中文譯文試著翻譯成英文，再與原文對照，個中差距，一對照即曉個清楚。

怎樣獲得英語專業四級考試寫作高分

(一)寫作題的性質

寫作是人們表達思想的一種重要手段，我們稱之為comprehensive test的綜合測試，體現的是學生綜合運用語言的能力。因為它不僅考核考生對詞匯的掌握、對語法的應用，同時也考查了學生的表達能力、思維的邏輯性和條理性。我們知道，學習英語需掌握四種技能：聽、說、讀、寫。聽和讀是語言的input(輸入)過程，因而對于聽力和閱讀的測試是考查學習者的被動英文技能；說和寫是語言的output(輸出)過程，對于口語和寫作的測試則是考查學習者的主動英文技能。學習者的被動英文水平往往高于主動英文水平，因此聽力理解材料的難度往往大于口語的內容，閱讀理解材料的難度往往要大于寫作。由此可見，在經過兩年基礎專業課的學習后，學習者應該將重點放在把被動英文水平轉化成主動英文水平上。一旦我們的大腦有了大量的語言輸出之后，就能達到出口成章、下筆有神的境界。

(二)英語專業四級寫作要求

(1)能根據各種不同的聽讀材料筆頭回答問題，復述內容寫摘要、寫提綱和記筆記。

(2)能根據題目列出寫作提綱，在一小時內寫出200～250詞的短文。

以上均要求做到內容完整、條理清楚，語法基本正確，語言通順恰當。

(3)能寫一般的書信、通知、便條、請帖，填寫簡單的表格，格式正確，語言得體。

寫作課培養學生初步寫作能力，包括提綱、文章摘要、短文以及最簡單的常用應用文。

(三)考試大綱對英語專業寫作的要求和規定

(1)測試目的：按照英語專業基礎階段英語教學大綱的要求，檢查學生在基礎階 段末期的英語寫作能力。

(2)題型：主觀試題，分為Section A和Section B兩個部分。

Section A: Composition寫作文

Section B: Note-writing寫便條

(3)測試要求：

a)作文。要求根據所給的題目和列出的寫作提綱或圖表、數字統計表等(也附有寫作提綱)寫一篇150詞的短文，能做到內容切題、完整，條理清楚，文章結構嚴謹，語法正確，語言通順恰當。作文的類別有說明文、議論文或記敘文。考試時間為35分鐘。

b)便條。要求根據提示寫大約50～60詞的便條、通知、請帖等。要求做到格式正確，語言得體。考試時間為10分鐘。

(四)英語專業四級寫作的評分標準

1.作文的評分標準

(1)文章內容切題、豐富，文章通順，表達清楚。

(2)行文流暢。

(3)組織嚴密，邏輯性強。

(4)句型多樣化，句法結構正確。

(5)用詞得體、恰當、豐富。

(6)語法正確。

(7)拼寫及標點正確，書寫整潔。

(五)高分密招

很多學習者翻開作文書籍，就如同想打開一本武功秘籍，只希望看到5個字母trick(技巧)。技巧固然十分重要，但在應試準備中，常常需要70%的基礎和30%的技巧。這里要提醒 大家的是，不可高估技巧的作用，猶如在武打片中，要想得到某某寶典和劍法，是需要付出慘痛的代價的。

1.在考場中，常常感到無話可說，該怎么辦? 的確，在考場中有些考生由于緊張，常常會出現大腦一片空白，在10分鐘之內動不了筆。對于這種在考場中思維短路的現象，有兩種對策。

對策一：逆向思維法。考生在拿到一個作文話題、但不知該如何動筆時，可以去聯想有關該 話題的具體事件，從具體事件中提煉出觀點，再將觀點反彈回去，即topic具體事件觀點。例如看到The Advantage and Disadvantage of TV這個文章題目時，如果不知如何下筆，可以去聯想一些具體的電視節目。一提到電視節目，就會自然而然地想到《新聞聯播》。《新聞聯播》有哪些好處呢?當然是開拓視野，了解世界。同時，還會聯想到一些暴力片和色情片，它們對兒童的身心健康發展不利。

對策二：正說反說法。考生在寫作中感到觀點空洞茫然，不易理論清楚，甚至不知從何談起時，可以從正、反兩個方面對議題進行“擺事實，講道理”，即“如果這樣，就會怎么樣； 如果不這樣，又會怎么樣”。

2.在寫作中，遇到不會表達的詞語該怎么辦?

對于母語是中文的學習者，其中文詞匯量往往大于英文詞匯量，在英文寫作中遇到不能表 達的詞語是最正常不過的事情了。但有的考生在遇到不會拼寫的單詞時，往往絞盡腦汁，冥思苦想，結果造成思維短路，得不償失。其實，對于這種情況，也有兩種對策。

對策一：用其近義詞代替。

如在寫Student Use of Computer這篇作文時，很多同學以“在 最近10年里，學生使用電腦的小時數一直在增加”這句話來開頭。“10年”可以用decade表 示，“增加”可以用ascend表示。但是不知道這兩個詞或對于它們的拼寫沒有把握時，可用 其近義詞表示，如“10年”直接用ten years就可以，“增加”還可用increase, go up, rise, grow, jump, climb等。在這個時候，考生必須遵守“寧為瓦全，不可玉碎”的原則。這就要求在平時注意多收集一些同義詞。如在每一篇作文中都會用到的一個單詞“認為”，英文中有很多單詞來表達此義，如think, agree, claim, maintain, argue, believe, h old, suggest, view…as, regard…as, consider…(as)。又如另一個單詞“目前，最近”，可用nowadays, these years, recently, lately, currently, at present。此外，同義詞的收集與運用有助于考生在寫作中用詞多樣化。

對策二：當考生在寫作中，既找不到該詞 的近義詞，又不能用解釋性的語言進行闡述時，考生可以考慮用其上義詞或下義詞來代替。

上義詞是對事物的概括性、抽象性說明；下義詞是事物的具體表現形式。如Owing a Car這 篇文章談到擁有汽車的弊端，其中有一點是汽車會排放出一氧化碳(carbon oxide)和二氧化 碳(carbon dioxide),對空氣造成污染。當然，如果不知道如何拼寫，更不知該如何去 釋義一氧化碳和二氧化碳時，可以用它們的上義詞poisonous gases來表示，因為不 論是一氧化碳還是二氧化碳都是有毒氣體。又如Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus(大學生該如何走出校園了解世界)，提綱的第二點要求是大學生了解社會的途徑(大眾媒體、社會服務等)。“大眾媒體”為mass media，“社會服務”為social service。如果考生不會表達，但是在提綱里又明確規定不能不寫時，可以用其下義詞來代替。大眾媒 體的具體表現形式是TV，radio, newspaper, internet；社會服務的具體表現形式則為par t|time job, tutoring等。因而，考生在寫作中遇到不會表達的單詞時，應該沉著冷靜，考慮用其近義詞、上義詞或下義詞來代替。

如何給閱卷老師留下美好的第一印象

要想作文獲得高分，顯而易見就是要給閱卷老師留下美好的印象。老師們的閱卷過程是郁悶枯燥的。使自己的文章在大約1分鐘的閱讀時間內，迅速地在他們的腦海中形成較多的興奮點，是至關重要的。

首先，作文的寫作時間為35分鐘，合理的時間安排為10+20+5，前面的10分鐘用來讀題審題，構思并列提綱，接著的20分鐘用來按照提綱寫作，最后5分鐘用來檢查及潤色。合理的時 間安排是寫出優秀 作文的必不可少的第一步。

其次，卷面的設置。要想讓閱卷老師對你的作文試卷有一種賞心悅目的感覺，作文的排版應該不多于2/3，不少于1/3，要留有余地，不要將卷面寫得密密麻麻。字體不要過大或過小。字跡要工整。段落方面，英語專業四級考試作文的特點決定了作文寫法的基本框架為三段論。俗話說，事不過三，超過了三段后就會讓人感到過于繁瑣。并且應當注意的是，每段開頭都應該有縮進，留有兩個單詞的位置。

再次，除了形式之外，作文 的內容也尤其重要。閱卷老師閱卷一般是從第一段看語言，從第二段看結構。這就要求考生 的作文開頭部分以及每一段的第一句一定要寫得像英文，不要出現任何的拼寫或語法錯誤。除了語言的地道外，還要求作文有層次感。可以用一系列表示邏輯關系的連詞，即路標 詞來表示思路的清晰，如and, however, furthermore,also, what"s more等。此外，還可 以用對等的句式結構，如for one thing, for another； On the one hand, on the other hand等來增加文章的層次感。總之，議論文對語言的要求主要體現在三個方面：①用 恰當的邏輯詞表現文章的邏輯性。②要注意自然段與主題句的運用，即用自然段表現出文章 的邏輯性，并在每段中用主題句說明要點，給人一目了然的感覺。③要注意句型結構，注意 每句的重心和句與句之間的銜接，使句意一環扣一環，避免松散。

便條的寫作

便條是一種簡單的書信形式。要求學生仔細閱讀和分析所給的情景，確定便條所涉及的內容，如寫便條者與便條接收者的身份、兩者之間的關系及情景的正式程度等。便條的特點在于內容簡短，大多是臨時性的詢問、留言、通知、要求等。與正規書信相比，便條的語言更為口語化。有急事需告訴別人而又不能面談時，就可以寫便條，如請假條、留言條等。一般不寫地址，與普通書信基本相同。結尾時也無需要結尾禮詞，只需要寫上便條者姓名。便條的日期一般只要寫上星期幾，也可以寫明上午、下午的具體時間。便條具有用途廣泛、形式簡單、文字要求不十分嚴格的特點。

Should higher education be available to all students or only to good students? TOPIC:

Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students.Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students.Discuss these views.Which view do you agree with? Explain why.Some people believe that only good students should have access to a university education.Others posit that higher education should be open to everyone, regardless of their academic abilities.I agree with the former opinion.Universities should only allow good students into their programs because these students value the importance of a good education and are interested in furthering their education.Furthermore, if all students were allowed into universities, the schools would quickly become saturated, and the quality of education received would diminish.A university education is very important to a good student.This type of student has set his/her sights on a university education from early on, and has put in the necessary work to earn a place in a good university.Poor students who did not try to achieve good grades in high school obviously do not care about their education, and therefore, do not deserve to go to university.However, if these poor students go back to school and improve their grades, they should also be allowed to go to university.Good students are very interested in furthering their education.They have put copious amounts of work into their education, and are interested in learning more.Poor students are usually not as interested in furthering their education.If they were interested in this, they would have tried harder to begin with.With that said, let us suppose for a moment that universities did allow all students, regardless of their grades, into university.The school would quickly become overfull, and good students, who really care about their education, would suffer because of it.They might not be able to get into the classes they want, and if they do get in, there might be so many students in the class that it is impossible to learn.In conclusion, I think that it is important to save a university education for those who really want it-good students.If a poor student wishes to go to university, then he/she will have to return to high school and improve his/her grades.TOPIC: [命題作文欣賞] Should schools ask students to evaluate their teachers?

Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers.Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Teachers have a very difficult job in society.They not only have to learn how to teach material effectively, but also must learn how to deal with a wide variety of personalities.While teaching is a difficult job, I think it is important for schools to ask students to evaluate their teachers.I think this is the right thing to do because it encourages teachers to try their best, it gives students the opportunity to choose effective teachers, and it allows the schools to have the best teachers possible teaching.If a teacher knows that at the end of the term, the students will be evaluating his/her work, then the teacher will be driven to do a very good job.If there is no pressure from evaluation, a teacher might be prone to doing a less than perfect job.I believe that everyone needs an occasional evaluation to ensure they are doing their job correctly.In the case of a teacher, the students will give the most important evaluations.If there was a public summary of which teacher scored the highest on his/her evaluations, then students would be able to take courses based on which teacher was the best at the job.This would allow students to excel in their studies, and achieve better grades.Finally, if schools ask students to evaluate their teachers, the schools themselves would be able to have the best teachers working on campus.If a teacher scored too low on an evaluation, a replacement could be found.This is a much better method than waiting for students to complain about a teacher.Teachers do have a difficult job, but regardless of this, they must excel at it.If a person is a particularly poor teacher, the students will not learn the required material, and suffer for it.

第四篇：考試焦慮應對方法

考試焦慮的應對策略

1．調整自我認識法

這種方法最適合于調節輕度考試焦慮。首先要重新認識考試的重要性，正確對待考試，各種大大小小的考試，對學生來說，不過是展示和檢驗自己才能與所學知識的有利機會，即使是高考，也非就此決定一個人的命運。其次，要正確認識考試的難度。就學業考試來說，基本上都是考查基本知識和基本技能，很少會有特別多的難題、偏題；至于選拔性的考試，考試面會廣一些，深度大一些，但你覺得難，別人可能覺得更難。再次，對自己的應試能力有正確的估計。可以對自己的學習情況，復習情況、弱點和漏洞、改進的方法和措施等做一番系統的分析，了解自己的實力、特長和薄弱環節，還可以征求老師、家長、同

學的意見，請他們幫助自己進一步分析，從而制定適當的考試目標和切實可行的復習計劃。

2．自信訓練法

考試焦慮者在考前總是不知不覺地對自己進行消極的暗示，如“我擔心自己的能力是否可以勝任這次考試”，“要是考糟了，我的前途就完了”，“我擔心其他同學在考試中都比自己強”，等等。這些消極的自我暗示會在大腦皮層產生保護性抑制，妨礙正常的認識活動。如果在考試前，便預言考試結果一定很糟，那暗示會使你精神不振，從而大大減少你本來可以付出的努力，以至最后無意中實現你自己的預言。

自信訓練就是對消極的自我暗示進行挑戰。

首先，把一些朦朧的消極暗示用清晰的書面語言表達出來。坐在桌前，靜下心來，在一張白紙上把自己對考試的所有擔憂逐條寫下來，使你清楚地意識到自己當前消極的自我暗示究竟有哪些。然后，向消極暗示中的不合理成分進行自我質辯，指出這些消極暗示的不現實性和不必要性，闡明由此對個人造成的危害，并明確今后應采取的態度，給自己積極的自我暗示。如“擔心自己的能力不能勝任這次考試”，可以這樣告誡自己：“這種擔心會松懈自己的斗志，轉移自己的注意目標，擾亂當前的精神狀態，應及早排除。只要認真做好考前的準備工作，這次考試完全能考好。當前最緊要的是有條不紊地搞好復習。”通過向消極的自我暗示挑戰，可以幫助考試焦慮者樹立正確的自我意象，增強考試的信心，克服考試焦慮的擔憂成分，使考試成績得到提高，經常進行這樣的自信訓練，經常給予自己積極的自我暗示，不僅對于克服考試焦慮有幫助，而且可以改變整個人的精神面貌，使你在學習、生活中更加主動、自信和樂觀。

3．放松訓練法

常識和實驗研究證明，焦慮和放松是不會同時出現的。因此，經常進行放松訓練，可以消除緊張狀態，克服考試焦慮，使人的身心得到充分的休息和恢復，現介紹一種適合于同學們的簡單的放松法——肌

肉放松法。

這是通過循環交替收縮和放松自己的骨骼肌群，細心體會個人肌肉的松緊程度，最終達到緩解身體緊張和焦慮狀態的一種自我放松方式。放松時全身應保持盡量的松弛，精神高度專一和集中。整個放松訓練按照由下到上的原則，從腳趾肌肉放松——小腿肌肉放松——大腿肌肉放松——臀部肌肉放松——腹部肌肉放松——胸部肌肉放松——背部肌肉放松——肩部肌肉放松——臂部肌肉放松——頸部肌肉放松——頭部肌肉放松。放松動作要領是先使該部位肌肉緊張，保持緊張狀態10秒鐘，然后慢慢放松，并注意體驗放松時的感覺（如發沉、沉重等）。每次10—20分鐘，可安排在晚上睡覺之前進行。如果能持之以恒，不僅

能消除考試焦慮，而且能全面租金身心健康。當然練習久了，此法也可在考試緊張時進行

第五篇：專業四級寫作講座大綱

專業技能輔導材料專業四級寫作

英語專業四級寫作要求

(1)能根據題目列出寫作提綱，在一小時內寫出200～250詞的短文。

以上均要求做到內容完整、條理清楚，語法基本正確，語言通順恰當。

(2)能寫一般的書信、通知、便條、請帖，填寫簡單的表格，格式正確，語言得體。寫作課培養學生初步寫作能力，包括提綱、文章摘要、短文以及最簡單的常用應用文。英語專業四級寫作的評分標準

(1)文章內容切題、豐富，文章通順，表達清楚。

(2)行文流暢。

(3)組織嚴密，邏輯性強。

(4)句型多樣化，句法結構正確。

(5)用詞得體、恰當、豐富。

(6)語法正確。

(7)拼寫及標點正確，書寫整潔。

2005年寫作真題

PART VI WRITING[45 MIN.]

SECTION A COMPOSITION[35 MIN]

The students’ Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: MY IDEA OF A UNIVERSITY ARTS FESTIVAL

You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your idea is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea OR describe your idea.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING[10 MIN]

Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You have got two tickets to a concert given by a famous pop band/orchestra.Write a note to your friend, Hilda/Mike, describing briefly what it is and inviting her/him to come with you.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.2004年寫作真題

SECTION A COMPOSITION［35 MIN.］

Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other.So, some say that phones will kill letter writing.What is your opinion?

Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: WILL PHONES KILL LETTER WRITING?

（該部分要求與05年相同，僅缺少OR describe your idea）

SECTION B NOTE-WRITING ［10 MIN.］

Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:1

Your friend, Jane, has failed in the final exam, and is feeling very unhappy about it.Write a note to comfort her and give her some encouragement.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.My View on Reading Extensively 1992

My Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the Future 1993

TV: a good thing or a bad thing? 1994

Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.1995

Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school.Now, you have been asked by the Student’s Union to write a passage entitled: The Main Difference Between My College Life And My Middle School Life 1996

Some of your classmates think that more pressure from academic studies is not beneficial to students.You either agree or disagree with them: More pressure from academic studies does(does not)good to us 1997

It is now generally accepted that vehicles(cars, trucks, etc.)are a major source of air pollution in cities.Your are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.One way to solve the problem 1998

We see advertisements on television everyday.Some people think that TV advertising brings as benefits, but others don’t think so.What is your opinion? A major advantage/disadvantage of advertising on television 1999

College life should be varied and colorful.And extracurricular activities are an important aspect of it.However, at present, there is much room for improvement in this regard.Write an article to the university radio entitled: The importance of extracurricular activities 2000

Travel has become part of our life.And more and more of us have come to know the significance of travel through our own experience: Travel broadens the mind 2001

Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health.And they have different ways to stay healthy.For example, some exercise every day;others try to keep a balanced diet.What do you think is the best way to stay healthy?

The Best Way to Stay Healthy 2002

Some topics for practice

My View on Advertisements on TV, My View on Bicycles in China, My Ideal Job, My Solution to Cheating in Exams, Hard Life Is Good for Children, Where to Live—in the City or in the Country, By Phone or by Letter, Active Classes or Passive Classes, My View on Competition, The Positive and Negative Effects of Computers, Economic Development and Environmental Protection, My View on Euthanasia, Is Failure a Bad Thing, My View on the Harmfulness of Fake Commodities, My View on Computer Games, My View on Money

Notes from TEM96-03

Your friend has just won the first prize in the Provincial English Speech Contest.Write a note of congratulations.1996

You are Peter/Mary.You had a party at your hone recently, but you unintentionally neglected to invite a close friend of yours—Victoria.Write her a note apologizing for this and explaining how the mistake came about.1997

You are Mark or Sally.You have got a ticket to a computer fair, but you now find that you are unable to go.Write a note to your friend, George, explaining why you are sending the enclosed ticket to him and telling him briefly how to get there.1998

You’ve learned that your friend Jimmy is ill these days.Write him a note expressing your concern, asking after his health and giving your best wishes.1999

You’ve read on the notice board that the university library is looking for a part-time library assistant who can work at weekends.You think that your classmate, George, is a suitable person for this vacancy.Write him a note, telling him what you know about the vacancy and trying to persuade him to go for an interview.2000

Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher, Professor Wang.Write him a note of apology and make a request for another meeting.You should also suggest the time for the requested meeting.2001

You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman.Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.2002

Your friend Clare has invited you to her house-warming party this weekend.However, you will be away then.Write her a note politely declining her invitation and expressing your best wishes to her.200

3便條作文寫作及樣例

便條是一種簡單的書信。雖然內容簡單，但卻有其獨特的風格。主要目的是為了盡快地把最新的信息、通知、要求或者活動的時間、地點轉告給對方。常見的便條有欠條、留言和請假條等。（大綱要求根據提示寫便條、通知、請貼等）

特點：

1.文內語言盡量通俗口語化，簡單扼要，直截了當，無需使用客套語言。In a roundabout way

2.便條雖簡單，但中心務必突出，更要注明活動的時間及地點。

3.便條不需郵寄，不用信封。通常請人代為轉交。有時可寫在留言板和留言簿上。基本寫作格式：

便條內容和類型不盡相同，可以靈活變通。但各類便條必須包括以下幾個基本要素；1）Date：便條日期2）Salutation：稱呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名

請假條：往往指由于生病或特殊情況不能親自當面請假，用假條的形式告假。所以，請假條大多是病假條。可以自寫，也可請他人代寫。寫假條最重要的是說明原因和請假的期限。Jan.10thDear Ms.Jiang,I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning two periods of English Classdue to a bad cold and high fever.Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days.I will go back to school as soon as I recover.Yours respectfully,John

留言：用書面留下要說的話。留言涉及的方面很多，包括約會，通知，請求等任何可用便條留下的口信。

Tuesday

Dear Li,As the Spring Festival is drawing near, I’m very glad to invite you to come to a dinner partywith several other friends of ours.I’m sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselvesthoroughly.Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m.today, to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel?Yours always,Jiayang

Mar.12th Dear Harmon,I’m very glad to congratulate you on your having received a doctorate in physics from Harvard University.I know this has meant years of study and hard work on your part, and it’s an achievement you can well be proud of.My best wishes to you!Sincerely yours,Lin Qiang

Thursday afternoon Mr.Chen,Just a line to inform you that I am leaving for Shanghai to attend a meeting tomorrow instead of on Sunday as I told you the other day.I’ll write to you soon.Yours,John

Mar.12th

Dear Clare,I can’t tell you how sorry I am that I cannot go to your party this weekend.Unfortunately I already have an engagement for the weekend.Thank you for inviting me.My best wishes to you.Yours,John

欠條：留下字據，表示欠某人某物。條據上需寫明錢物名稱和數量、立據人及日期。不得涂改。

March 12, 2006 To the Finance Office of the University

IOU three thousand five hundred dollars($3500)only.John SmithMarch 12, 2006

Borrowed from the Phonetics Laboratory of the Faculty of the English and Culture the following things:

One tape recorder

Two cassettes of tape

David Li