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四級考試作文寫作常識

時間:2019-05-15 13:23:52下載本文作者:會員上傳
簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關的《四級考試作文寫作常識》,但愿對你工作學習有幫助,當然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《四級考試作文寫作常識》。

第一篇:四級考試作文寫作常識

四級考試作文寫作常識

一、基本的寫作步驟

許多考生在拿到作文題后,就雷厲風行地動手寫了起來,結果不是寫的一塌糊涂就是改得亂七八糟。在四級考試(包括其它水平考試)的寫作中,通常進行以下五個步驟:審題、選材、腹稿(包括提綱和正文)、書寫、修改。

1. 審題

審題是寫作的第一步,也是最關鍵的一步。因為如果跑題了的話,就幾乎不得分了。所以在拿到題后,一定要冷靜地弄清題目要求;然后確定文章的文體以及主題思想。

通常在四、六級的作文中,有兩種形式。一種是給出題目和提綱(中文或英文),另一種是給出題目和每一段的段首句(段首句大多是該段的主題句,其實相當于提綱)。我們應該充分利用這些信息,才不至于跑題。以2001年1月份的試題為例,它的題目是“How to Succeed in a Job Interview?”,給出了兩個要點(提綱):

(1)面試在求職過程中的作用

(2)取得面試因素:儀表,舉止談吐,能力,專業知識,自信,實事求是......從這些信息來看,這篇文章應該是一篇議論加說明的文章,要求寫的是如何在找工作時順利(成功)通過面試。兩個提綱告訴我們,文章至少要分兩個部分,第一個部分是議論,說明面試是重要的;第二個部分要從第二點中給出的幾個方面挑幾點說明怎樣去做。

但是這兩個部分在文章中的比重應該如何?是否要平均?

此時應該看到,標題中的關鍵詞是HOW,因此文章的重點應該在第二點,而第一點只是作為引言。

那么文章要分為幾段呢?

在英語文章中,每一段只討論一個問題。所以第(1)點顯然要獨立成段,第(2)點因為是文章的重點所在,可以是一個長一點的段或分為幾段。但要注意的是,既然第一段是一個引言,那么文章就應該還有一個總結的段落,這是原提綱中沒給出來的。

2.選材

確定了文章的主題和輪廓之后,我們就開始考慮要選擇哪些要點來闡明主題。選材一定要圍繞主題句進行,同時要考慮到全面性。

比如在考慮上面第一點時,我們要想到面試對雙方都是重要的。對于interviewer來說,通過面試他能對applicant有更好的了解,能通過面試挑到合適的人選等;而對于interviewee來說,他能通過面試更好地了解所申請的工作、薪水、待遇等信息,還能更好地展示自己,還能增強自己的社會知識,能練習與人打交道等。

但這些是否都要寫進文章中去呢?或者比重是否都應該一樣呢?

當然不。就面試的作用來說,因為標題是站在求職者的角度來說的,因此面試對于求職者的作用就顯得比它對招聘者的作用更為重要。而在后者中增強自己的社會知識、練習與人打交道等方面,并不是面試最重要的方面,就可以舍去。就第二點來說,提綱中給出了許多方面,但這些方面也不能一一都寫進作文中去,否則就不是一篇考試作文,而要寫一本求職大全了。應該挑最重要的和最好寫的去說,別的可以一帶而過甚至不提。

3.打腹稿

打腹稿是不可省略的一步,但卻為許多人所忽視。其實打腹稿就相當于我們平時寫作時打草稿,只是考試時沒有時間,也沒有紙用來打草稿。建議平時寫作時,要養成良好的習慣,即使在打草稿時也要仔細想一想要怎么寫,在腦子中先將文章“讀”一篇。

打腹稿時,首先要考慮文章的開頭和結尾,然后是各個段落間的銜接和過渡,然后是各個句子怎樣寫,要注意用自己熟悉的、有把握的句子,同時也要注意句子之間的銜接與連貫。4.抄寫

嚴格地說,第四步僅僅是將前面三步的結果用筆寫到試卷上。這部分不應占用太多的時間,真正需要時間的是前面的三步。

5.修改

修改的主要任務是檢查一下有無拼寫和語法方面的錯誤,同時注意是否用詞有過多的重復。

總之,在寫作時切忌一邊想一邊寫。

二、文章的銜接與連貫

在評分標準中,同是否扣題同樣重要的是文章的連貫性。往往有的文章扣題倒也扣題了,但還是得不了幾分,這其中的原因恐怕與連貫性有很大的關系。這里所說的連貫有兩兩層含義。一是指文章在內容上是連貫、統一的,文章中所有的句子都是為全文的中心服務的。就各段而言,其中的每一句話都要緊緊圍繞著該段的主題句進行,不能說與主題句無關的東西。有人也將其稱為統一性。請看一例:

The weather has been changeable.On Sunday we had a high wind that blew down some trees.Monday was so cold that we had to turn on the heat and wear out winter coats.On Tuesday we formed a group to go roller skating.By Wednesday the weather cleared and the sun came out.Thursday was as hot and humid as an August day.Friday morning it began to rain, and it looks as if we’ll have a cold, steady wind for a few days.這一段寫“最近天氣多變”,首句為主題句。擴展句敘述了星期日、星期

一、星期

三、星期四和星期五的天氣情況,用以展開關鍵詞changeable。但星期二沒有提天氣,而是說當天的活動安排,偏離了主題,打斷了段落敘述的連貫性,破壞了段落邏輯意義的統一性,應刪去或改為與天氣有關的話。

再如:

Sports benefit us in many respects.When taking part in sports, we get the chance to train almost all parts of our body.There is no doubt that properly balanced physical activities keep us physically fit.Furthermore, sports can enrich our life and maintain our psychological health.Through participation, everyone can learn that on the playing field he not only competes for himself but also for his team.Sports teach us about consideration, cooperation and optimism, and how to cope with difficulties.第一句是本段的主題句,接下來作者從體育運動對身體的好處說了兩句,第四句講述體育運動對心理方面的益處,第五句從團隊的方面加以論述,最后一句既是論據,同時也是對前面三點的概括。全段沒有一句話脫離主題句。

連貫的第二層含義指的是表達上的連貫。文章的段落之間、段落中各句子之間要有一定的銜接。

段落結構和句與句之間的銜接應遵照一定的順序。段落之間的連接也應符合邏輯。這樣使文章連貫緊湊,自然流暢,層次分明,脈絡清晰。段落只有在具有含義一致性的同時又具有表達的連貫性才能充分有效地傳達信息,真正實現寫作目的。

這兩層意義的連貫性是相輔相成的。內容的連貫性是表達連貫性的前提,一組互不相干的句子放在一起,無法取得表達的連貫性;一致性有賴于連貫性,只有把一組意義緊密相關的句子有機地組合起來,才能真正充分有效地闡述其主題思想。就上面的例一來說,雖然它是以時間為線索將這幾天串在一起,但仍讓人感覺太亂。每個句子都是以星期某一天的名子開頭,太單調了。各個句子之間似乎沒有什么關系,應該說是一篇連貫性較差的文章。下面讓我們對它稍加修改一下:

The weather has been changeable.On Sunday we had a high wind that blew down some trees.Monday was so cold that we had to turn on the heat and wear out winter coats.And it remained gloomy the next day.To our pleasure, by Wednesday the weather cleared and the sun came out.But Thursday tuned out to be as hot and humid as an August day.Worse still, it began to rain this morning, and it looks as if we’ll have a cold, steady wind for a few days.那么,如何使文章連貫呢?

就議論文而言,獲取連貫主要有三種方法:一是內容上的連貫,二是使用代詞或有意地重復一些詞,三是使用關聯詞語。

內容上的連貫如前所述。

代詞和有意的重復可起到銜接的作用。例如在上面的例子中,在提到星期二時,沒有用Tuesday,而是用了the next day,避免重復,并把這兩天連在一起,讓人感覺到了前后的承接。再如最后一句中原文用的是Friday morning,改為this morning后,意義并沒有改變,但一下子把距離拉近了,既承接起前面的五天,又能與后一分句中的將來時有效的結合。

關聯詞和插入語的使用是四級考試作文中最明顯的連接手段,如上例中的and,to our pleasure,but,worse still。

需要注意的是,關聯詞的使用是與段落(文章)的展開方法密切相關的,不要為了使用關聯詞而使用關聯詞。下面結合段落的展開方法具體加以說明。

1.列舉法

列舉的模式通常是

主題句----example

1----example

2----example

3列舉時常用for example, for instance, such as, like, as proof, thus, take…as an example, to illustrate 等詞語.Nonverbal communication, or “body language.” is communication by facial expressions, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures.It can be just as important to understanding as words are.Misunderstandings often amusing but sometimes serious-can arise between people from different culture if they misinterpret nonverbal signals.Take for example, the differences in meaning of gesture very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger.To an American, it means that everything is ok.To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money.In France,“ it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture.Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal.2.分類法

一般是在主題句之后,依次羅列段落指示詞所表達的幾個部分或幾個方面。然后,選用豐富的事例對所羅列的各個部分或各個方面進行具體地說明或解釋。

There are three basic kinds of materials that can” be found in any good library.First, there are books on all subjects, both in English and in many other languages.These books are organized according to subject, title, and author in a central file caned the card catalog.Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks.Second, there are reference works.which include encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliography, atlases, etc., and which generally must be used in the library itself.Third, there are periodicals-magazines, newspapers, pamphlets-which are flied alphabetically in racks, or which have been filmed to conserve space.Like reference works, periodicals cannot usually be removed from the library.分類時常用:most of all,next,moreover,in addition,besides,furthermore,to begin with,to start with,first of all,first,second,third…

3.因果關系

在段落一開頭,就用主題句點明其因果關系,然后選用有關材料,客觀的羅列某些原因或結果,以證闡述的中心思想。

Growing numbers of well-to-do Americans are making the decision to move abroad.They find it impossible in America to walk the streets at night without fear of being raped, mugged, or murdered, nor do they see a way to escape the poisonous air of the cities.They maintain that even American food has become increasingly dangerous to eat.Last but not least, they insist that they are sick of the pace of American life, a pace that leaves no time for relaxation or pleasure.因果關系常用語匯: because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in

4.比較法

主題句必須明確表明所要比較的對象和所要比較的范圍,實際上就是羅列兩個或兩個以上比較對象的相同點。

Learning English is like building a house.Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step.In other words, you should reads, you should read and speak English every day.Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful.Like building a house, learning English takes some time.So don’t be impatient.Remember, Rome wasn’t built in a day.常用語匯:at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, lie and so , the same as, and… too, in the same way, in a like manner

5.舉例法

列舉事實或舉出實例來說明中心思想, 是簡單易行、具有說服力的寫作方法。

Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient, especially when you have something urgent.For example, if one of your family members is seriously ill at right, and you don’t know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer.Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon.

第二篇:專業英語四級考試寫作

2006年英語專業八級滿分作文

Ambition is the decision one makes and the resolution with which he carries out that decision.It provides us with the required driving force to accomplish any undertakings in our life.Just as Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer put it, “And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to choose to do something, then our life becomes meaningful and specifically orientated.This notion of life, as far as I observe, is closest to truth and does apply to almost all aspects of life.First things first, ambition renders us a sense of mission.No matter what decision you make you have to be responsible for your choice.Your choice procures you a sense of orientation, or more specially a sense of mission.And only a strong mission may enable one to accomplish greatness.Caesar of the ancient Roman Empire was urged by his ambition “I came, I saw, I conquered.” And became an unrivaled empire builder in the history of Rome.John Milton, stimulated always by his ambition that aimed at writing some “mighty lines” which England would unwillingly forget, had in due time secured his position as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature.In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the full.Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant potentials.Without ambition one’s potentials will remain slumbering like a dormant volcano.A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen Keller.It was her ambition to be a useful person has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang Haidi into a well-accomplished figure whose achievements would dwarf those of some normal people aim at the sun, though, at worst, they may probably land on the moon.Influential as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right direction.If wrongly directed, one’s ambition may bring havoc on him and others.Hitler, whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whatever evil means, finally turned him into a demon.It was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering.Another case is Macbeth whose ambition was to become the king of Scotland.However, his ambition was materialized by the murder of King Duncan.Consequently, unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him to his tragic doom.To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves.A poet says: life can be bad;life can be good;life can be dirty;life can be sad,;life can even be painful.In my mind’s eye, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a well-orientated ambition

(464 words)

考研英語小作文和大作文備考經驗談

作文歷來是研究生入學考試的重中之重,每年都有無數考研英豪難過英語關,從而與成功一步之遙,失之交臂。在名目繁多的輔導機構的海報滿天飛與媒體炒作日漸升溫時,如何一方面保持清醒的頭腦,一方面找到適合自己并且針對行之有效的學習方法,才是真正關鍵的問題。本文將重點給各位網友講講考研英語小作文、大作文的備考技巧經驗。

一、應用文(小作文)

應用文寫作要求考生在三個方面完成要求:一要注意把握信息點;第二是把握語言點,內容要十分明確,不要出現過多的錯誤;第三是要注意格式和語言。一是掌握格式的線條,主要是掌握兩種大的文類,一個是正式文體,一個是非正式文體。如果應用文涉及的是商務或者公務之類較正式的東西,那么語言表達的時候也得注意格式和書面化、規范化;如果要求寫便條給朋友的話,就應當用主語化的表達方式。

這幾個方面注意了,就可以很大地緩解難度。應用文的字數要求是100個字,大概8句話,8句話怎么分配呢?第一段就寫一句話,第一句話表明你寫信的基本內容:如果是詢問信息的話,就說你寫這封信要詢問以下幾個問題;如果是投訴,就說寫這封信是要表達對什么東西的不滿;如果是請求信,就說寫這封信想要請求什么東西就可以了??傊?,就一句話,簡明扼要。然后,用簡練的語言表達清楚題目要求表達的內容和信息。最后一句話,就是一個禮貌的結尾。

二、大作文

大作文的寫作一般會給考生寫作提綱,或圖表、圖畫,或圖文并茂。命題方式雖然多樣,但題目涉及面往往是考生比較熟悉的內容,目的是測定考生語言的實際應用能力。要求表達清楚,文字連貫,中心突出,內容豐富,句式多變,句子結構和用詞正確。

語言的應用能力不可能一蹴而就,必須厚積薄發,必須經過長期的實踐鍛煉。如何提高英語寫作能力呢?一是要背大量的優秀范文,整段整篇地背,并轉換為自己的語言,寫作時才能隨心所欲地支配??荚嚂r避免套用以前死記硬背的幾個范文,把一些詞不達意的詞堆積在一起,沒有統一性,無法很好地表現主題。

二是要多動手。包括對背過的文章進行詞語替換、句式轉換、句子重組等,以及對某一主題展開寫作。多動手才能提高筆下功夫,才能保證在考場上順利寫作。可以說背誦范文是培養語感、積累素材、掌握寫作方法的途徑,動手寫作則是實踐,是最終目的,這兩者結合起來,就是“理論聯系了實際”。另外,背誦范文應有針對性,寫作訓練也是一樣,在訓練中要掌握每一類型作文的寫作規律,根據其寫作特點(如提綱式作文就要求考生根據提綱提示的思路和規定的要點展開段落)進行全面訓練。但是,注意不要帶有押題的心理,靠背幾篇范文就能應付考試的心態是不可取的。很多高分考生認為,背誦《新概念英語》第三冊,熟練掌握其中的各種表達方式,并堅持每天進行英語隨筆練習,對于提高英語寫作能力十分有益。

三、應試技巧

1、認真審題

作文第一步是仔細審題,考生要仔細閱讀試題要求及相關信息,如圖表、圖畫、數字等,準確把握出題者意圖。考研作文忌信手拈來,提筆就寫,根本不審題,想到哪兒就寫到哪兒,或完全憑自己想象編故事,置考試要求于不顧,“下筆千言,離題萬里”。比如1998年考研作文是一幅卡通畫,老母雞申明外加一首打油詩,諷刺一些企業把該盡職之事作為推銷產品的承諾。2000年的作文“a brief history of world commercial fishing”,它給出了兩張圖,從1900年的漁船和魚量之比到1995年的漁船和魚量之比的變化談如何保護漁業資源,應從商業性濫捕魚這一主題展開話題,有的考生卻大談環境污染。這就偏離了主題,因為題中自始至終都沒有談到環境污染問題。

有的同學沒有審題習慣,或擔心時間不夠草草審題,最后文不對題,草草收場,這必然會影響英語成績,同時也會影響后兩門考試的心情。

2、列出提綱

考試規定的時間是很有限的,所以不能花太多時間準備一個詳細的提綱,但關鍵詞提綱或粗略提綱還是非常有必要的。對原始材料分析歸納后要形成一個基本的框架。文章打算分幾段寫,每段大概怎樣寫,字數控制在多少,開頭段落是道破主題、點明要旨、引人入勝還是先給出主題一般的背景情況和對主題進行濃縮的陳述,中間段落和結尾又怎樣寫,等等,這些都要心中有數。有的考生習慣用漢語構思文章,逐句翻譯提綱,當碰到某個詞卡住時就翻譯不下去,僵在那里。要注意列提綱是為了更好更全面地表達主題。主題的表達可有多種形式,不一定非要尋找一個特定的詞或句子??荚嚂r考生要充分調動大腦,靈活運用以前所學知識。

3、開始寫作

一篇文章往往由四部分組成:標題(title),首段(opening paragraph),主體(body paragraph),結尾段(concluding paragraph)。標題要新穎,能引起讀者興趣。首段的內容根據文章的體裁而變化:比如議論文可以從一種現象、一種觀點出發引出作者的觀點,記敘文往往交代人物和故事背景。主體是文章的主要部分,通過合適的語篇模式表達一定的觀點,考生要圍繞中心按一定順序分層次有重點地展開敘述、描寫和議論。結尾段是對全文的總結,論點上要與前面的敘述保持一致

寫好英語文章的20字訣

Agreement: 主語和謂語在人稱、數上的一致,關系代詞與先行詞的一致。Ambiguity: 盡量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語或句子。Brief: 文章“簡為貴”,要抓住要點,簡明扼要。Coherence: 文理通順,前后連貫。

Development: 主題的發揮應當充分、合理、正確。

Division: 詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當,劃分要清楚,避免使用重復字句和種子片段。Figures: 正確合理使用各類修辭格式。Inflated diction: 不使用做作的語言。Key: 用適當的關鍵詞突出主題,每段都應有主題句。Logical: 內容要符合邏輯。

Message: 信息要新鮮、確實、可信。Omit: 合理刪除多余的不必要部分。

Proposition: 主張、觀點、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。Punctuation: 正確適時使用標點符號。Relevant: 文章一定要要題。

Sentence pattern: 句型要盡量多樣化。Strait: 開門見山,直來直去。

Style: 文體恰切,適合內容要求。

Tense: 動詞時態要正確、一致、變化合理。Theme: 選題得當,主題突出

堅持八條英文寫作守則

1.Organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc.下筆前整合思緒:腦力激蕩,寫出綱要等。

2.Write clearly.Be concise.Avoid wordiness.寫作清晰,務必精簡,避免贅言。

3.Use good grammar and write complete sentences.使用好的文法,寫出完整句子。

4.Write simple sentences.Avoid a fancy style.嘗試簡單句,避免花俏的句法。

5.Avoid slang、cliche and informal words.避免俚語、陳腔濫調和非正式用字。

6.Avoid use of the first person(i.e.I/me/my)unless necessary to specific piece.除非必要,避免使用第一人稱:如“我/我的”。

7.Writing naturally.Read it aloud.Does it sound natural? Does it flow? 自然揮灑,大聲朗誦。整篇文章聽起來自然嗎?通順嗎?

8.Move logically from one idea to the next.Don't skip steps.上下句意要合乎邏輯。別毫無章法亂跳。

談英語作文的“寫”與“作”

絕大多數的英語學習者,一想到寫英語作文,就會頭“大”。他們常??嗨稼は?,然后草草而就,只求按時“交差”,別的就顧不上了。這種狀態下炮制出來的“大作”,其質量可想而知。

對初學者而言,一篇英語作文的過程,至少應該包括兩個階段,“寫”與“作”。

所謂“寫”的過程應該與中文寫作沒有很大區別,無非是扣題,構思,表述。惟一要特別注意的是,我們寫英語作文時,一般要求的字數比較少,所以我們在文章的結構上更須注意突出重點,集中火力。在非重點部分,不要隨便發揮,而應該盡量直奔主題。以本次征文比賽為例,題目是The English Teacher I Admire Most,那么文章的重點應該是講述why I admire him/her,what is so special about him/her,what I see in him/her,what has made him/her such a wonderful teacher等等,你可以狀貌,但主要應該是“寫神”,狀貌應該簡短,應該只起鋪墊的作用。寫這篇文章當然離不開敘事,全文可能敘述一件或多件事,那么這一件或多件事各自所占的分量應該有分寸,使整篇文章保持平衡。敘事時應該直奔主旨。英語寫作的傳統非常注重所謂的topic sentence——能夠統攝全文或者全段的句子。這個句子最好出現在文章的開頭,然后在文章的結尾處用不同的表述呼應這個句子。例如,有一篇應征例文的第一句是這樣的:She takes us into the magical English world。這就是一個非常有力的topic sentence。這一個句子就足可吸引讀者,讓讀者相信作者心中對她確實有一種毫無保留甚或“五體投地”的admiration,接下來就會有興趣了解她究竟有怎樣的magic power,讓學生如此著迷。這篇文章的結句是her charisma(魅力)is unbelievable,非常有力度,charisma與unbelievable兩個詞巧妙地呼應了magic這個詞。文章需要topic sentence,每個段落最好也要有這樣非常powerful的topic sentence。構思完成以后,就是落筆表述的過程。這個過程應該迅速,最好能夠一氣呼成,不要過多地顧忌是否犯了語法錯誤,或者表述是否清楚。不要猶猶豫豫,一步三回頭,因為在完成了

“寫”以后,你還有一個“作”的過程。所謂“作”,就是“精雕細作”。英語初學者常常覺得自己“眼高手低”,想表述的意思難以成文,本來很精致的“意”卻表現為頗為笨拙的“文”。這當然與我們掌握的詞匯有限相關。但是,我們有限的詞匯與表達,經過適當的調度與搭配,還是可以“作”出好文章來的。

我們在寫完初稿以后,不妨讓自己的好友讀一下,看看他是否明白文章的每一個句子。因為作者自己常常把想到而沒有表述出來的信息也read into the article,因此不容易發現表述不清的問題。

處理完了表述問題以后,就進入“深加工”階段。英語寫作最強調韻律感,即使是高深的學術文章,讀起來常常也會很有“樂感”。這種“樂感”主要來自于句子結構的變化與組合。簡而言之,就是長短結合,錯落有致。英語的句子結構變化比較多,但我們在寫作時受漢語的影響很深,寫出的句子常常整齊劃一,缺少變化。我們在加工時,就要有意地想:某幾個簡單句能加工成一個復合句或者復雜句;我們的每一個句子的主語是否都是“人”(從頭到尾都是he或者we),是否可以用一個抽象名詞或者一個ing結構來充當其中某些句子的主語,以此構成主語的變化;在一個“意群”中,是否每個句子都是以主語開始;是否每個句子的謂語動詞都是簡單的一個動詞,能否把其中的某一個或幾個改成詞組;能否構成一個又一個“短句+長句+短句”的意群組合;對于每一個表述,都可以想一下,這種表述是否太中文化,英語是否有更簡單的表達。

某個大詩人曾經說過:詩是“寫”出來的,而不應該是“作”出來的。但對我們英語初學者而言,在練習時,還是應該一次又一次地、有意識地經歷這樣的“作”的過程?!白鳌倍嗔?,方能在“臨戰”時瀟灑地“寫”。(作者:梁凱文,華東師大英語系副教授)

英語寫作中的“結構重組”問題 各類考試中英語寫作雖有模板可循,究其實質,仍是漢譯英。任何一名考生在英語寫作中,難逃“漢譯英”的邏輯套路,所走思路一般為先胸中形成漢語意思,再將漢語意思轉換為英文,即便英語素養較高的考生,在兩者轉換過程中沒有時間差,出手即英文也是不太可能的。就在這一轉換過程中,盡顯英雄本色,英語英雄者,妙筆生花,出手不凡;英語笨拙者,最后只能造出個不中不洋的拙劣句子。我們可以給漢譯英一個重新定位:包含所有語言信息的一種結構再造。具體說來就是面對一句中文,翻譯時要打亂原有語序和結構,自行設計,重組語言信息,無限靠近原汁原味的英語,姑且將這種方法稱之為“結構重組”。這一點是基于這么一個事實:英語跟中文的語序和結構不盡一樣。下面舉例說明:

(1)簡單句類(所謂簡單句,即是含有一個動詞的句子)

看一例:他嗓門大。最容易翻譯成:His voice is loud.評語:超級直白

而更好的翻譯是:He has a loud voice.其實就成了 他有一個大嗓門。如果第一步便翻譯成he has a loud voice,恭喜,你就被歸入少數具備英語思維的高手類了,就這么簡單。

對策:多多積攢類似例句,然后多多模仿。

試一個:她身材好,便可翻譯成:She has a good figure.(2)復雜句類

看一例:我抬頭一看,只見一群衣衫襤褸的孩子,默默無聲得站于四周,觀看著我倆進餐。

按照原文語序很容易翻成:I looked up and saw that a group of children in rags surrounding us silently and seeing us eating dinner.評語:直白,動詞堆砌,不流暢。

先準備語言信息:抬頭一看:look up;衣衫襤褸的孩子:children in rags;默默:silently;觀看:look at。最后范文是:Looking up, I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us as we ate.(新概念3 第48課line35-36)

分析:范文用到了現在分詞作伴隨狀語(looking up,),主動意思由被動形式表達,(were surrounded by)并設計出一個定語從句來(who were looking at us as we ate)原文中看不出來定語(….的)痕跡。

對策,含有多個動詞的句子,將動詞進行主次區分,次要動詞非謂語化,主要動詞謂語化,附帶從句設計,定語從句首當其沖現行被考慮。

總之,寫句子時,不要立馬下手,凝神定氣,多三思,在結構安排上有所建樹和創新,大膽

將信息重組,結構優化,力圖寫出地道的英文句子,這是個長期的功夫。

最后建議學員可將新概念2,3 冊拿來做漢譯英的練習,將每篇課文的中文譯文試著翻譯成英文,再與原文對照,個中差距,一對照即曉個清楚。

怎樣獲得英語專業四級考試寫作高分

(一)寫作題的性質

寫作是人們表達思想的一種重要手段,我們稱之為comprehensive test的綜合測試,體現的是學生綜合運用語言的能力。因為它不僅考核考生對詞匯的掌握、對語法的應用,同時也考查了學生的表達能力、思維的邏輯性和條理性。我們知道,學習英語需掌握四種技能:聽、說、讀、寫。聽和讀是語言的input(輸入)過程,因而對于聽力和閱讀的測試是考查學習者的被動英文技能;說和寫是語言的output(輸出)過程,對于口語和寫作的測試則是考查學習者的主動英文技能。學習者的被動英文水平往往高于主動英文水平,因此聽力理解材料的難度往往大于口語的內容,閱讀理解材料的難度往往要大于寫作。由此可見,在經過兩年基礎專業課的學習后,學習者應該將重點放在把被動英文水平轉化成主動英文水平上。一旦我們的大腦有了大量的語言輸出之后,就能達到出口成章、下筆有神的境界。

(二)英語專業四級寫作要求

(1)能根據各種不同的聽讀材料筆頭回答問題,復述內容寫摘要、寫提綱和記筆記。

(2)能根據題目列出寫作提綱,在一小時內寫出200~250詞的短文。

以上均要求做到內容完整、條理清楚,語法基本正確,語言通順恰當。

(3)能寫一般的書信、通知、便條、請帖,填寫簡單的表格,格式正確,語言得體。

寫作課培養學生初步寫作能力,包括提綱、文章摘要、短文以及最簡單的常用應用文。

(三)考試大綱對英語專業寫作的要求和規定

(1)測試目的:按照英語專業基礎階段英語教學大綱的要求,檢查學生在基礎階 段末期的英語寫作能力。

(2)題型:主觀試題,分為Section A和Section B兩個部分。

Section A: Composition寫作文

Section B: Note-writing寫便條

(3)測試要求:

a)作文。要求根據所給的題目和列出的寫作提綱或圖表、數字統計表等(也附有寫作提綱)寫一篇150詞的短文,能做到內容切題、完整,條理清楚,文章結構嚴謹,語法正確,語言通順恰當。作文的類別有說明文、議論文或記敘文??荚嚂r間為35分鐘。

b)便條。要求根據提示寫大約50~60詞的便條、通知、請帖等。要求做到格式正確,語言得體。考試時間為10分鐘。

(四)英語專業四級寫作的評分標準

1.作文的評分標準

(1)文章內容切題、豐富,文章通順,表達清楚。

(2)行文流暢。

(3)組織嚴密,邏輯性強。

(4)句型多樣化,句法結構正確。

(5)用詞得體、恰當、豐富。

(6)語法正確。

(7)拼寫及標點正確,書寫整潔。

(五)高分密招

很多學習者翻開作文書籍,就如同想打開一本武功秘籍,只希望看到5個字母trick(技巧)。技巧固然十分重要,但在應試準備中,常常需要70%的基礎和30%的技巧。這里要提醒 大家的是,不可高估技巧的作用,猶如在武打片中,要想得到某某寶典和劍法,是需要付出慘痛的代價的。

1.在考場中,常常感到無話可說,該怎么辦? 的確,在考場中有些考生由于緊張,常常會出現大腦一片空白,在10分鐘之內動不了筆。對于這種在考場中思維短路的現象,有兩種對策。

對策一:逆向思維法??忌谀玫揭粋€作文話題、但不知該如何動筆時,可以去聯想有關該 話題的具體事件,從具體事件中提煉出觀點,再將觀點反彈回去,即topic具體事件觀點。例如看到The Advantage and Disadvantage of TV這個文章題目時,如果不知如何下筆,可以去聯想一些具體的電視節目。一提到電視節目,就會自然而然地想到《新聞聯播》?!缎侣劼摬ァ酚心男┖锰幠?當然是開拓視野,了解世界。同時,還會聯想到一些暴力片和色情片,它們對兒童的身心健康發展不利。

對策二:正說反說法。考生在寫作中感到觀點空洞茫然,不易理論清楚,甚至不知從何談起時,可以從正、反兩個方面對議題進行“擺事實,講道理”,即“如果這樣,就會怎么樣; 如果不這樣,又會怎么樣”。

2.在寫作中,遇到不會表達的詞語該怎么辦?

對于母語是中文的學習者,其中文詞匯量往往大于英文詞匯量,在英文寫作中遇到不能表 達的詞語是最正常不過的事情了。但有的考生在遇到不會拼寫的單詞時,往往絞盡腦汁,冥思苦想,結果造成思維短路,得不償失。其實,對于這種情況,也有兩種對策。

對策一:用其近義詞代替。

如在寫Student Use of Computer這篇作文時,很多同學以“在 最近10年里,學生使用電腦的小時數一直在增加”這句話來開頭。“10年”可以用decade表 示,“增加”可以用ascend表示。但是不知道這兩個詞或對于它們的拼寫沒有把握時,可用 其近義詞表示,如“10年”直接用ten years就可以,“增加”還可用increase, go up, rise, grow, jump, climb等。在這個時候,考生必須遵守“寧為瓦全,不可玉碎”的原則。這就要求在平時注意多收集一些同義詞。如在每一篇作文中都會用到的一個單詞“認為”,英文中有很多單詞來表達此義,如think, agree, claim, maintain, argue, believe, h old, suggest, view…as, regard…as, consider…(as)。又如另一個單詞“目前,最近”,可用nowadays, these years, recently, lately, currently, at present。此外,同義詞的收集與運用有助于考生在寫作中用詞多樣化。

對策二:當考生在寫作中,既找不到該詞 的近義詞,又不能用解釋性的語言進行闡述時,考生可以考慮用其上義詞或下義詞來代替。

上義詞是對事物的概括性、抽象性說明;下義詞是事物的具體表現形式。如Owing a Car這 篇文章談到擁有汽車的弊端,其中有一點是汽車會排放出一氧化碳(carbon oxide)和二氧化 碳(carbon dioxide),對空氣造成污染。當然,如果不知道如何拼寫,更不知該如何去 釋義一氧化碳和二氧化碳時,可以用它們的上義詞poisonous gases來表示,因為不 論是一氧化碳還是二氧化碳都是有毒氣體。又如Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus(大學生該如何走出校園了解世界),提綱的第二點要求是大學生了解社會的途徑(大眾媒體、社會服務等)?!按蟊娒襟w”為mass media,“社會服務”為social service。如果考生不會表達,但是在提綱里又明確規定不能不寫時,可以用其下義詞來代替。大眾媒 體的具體表現形式是TV,radio, newspaper, internet;社會服務的具體表現形式則為par t|time job, tutoring等。因而,考生在寫作中遇到不會表達的單詞時,應該沉著冷靜,考慮用其近義詞、上義詞或下義詞來代替。

如何給閱卷老師留下美好的第一印象

要想作文獲得高分,顯而易見就是要給閱卷老師留下美好的印象。老師們的閱卷過程是郁悶枯燥的。使自己的文章在大約1分鐘的閱讀時間內,迅速地在他們的腦海中形成較多的興奮點,是至關重要的。

首先,作文的寫作時間為35分鐘,合理的時間安排為10+20+5,前面的10分鐘用來讀題審題,構思并列提綱,接著的20分鐘用來按照提綱寫作,最后5分鐘用來檢查及潤色。合理的時 間安排是寫出優秀 作文的必不可少的第一步。

其次,卷面的設置。要想讓閱卷老師對你的作文試卷有一種賞心悅目的感覺,作文的排版應該不多于2/3,不少于1/3,要留有余地,不要將卷面寫得密密麻麻。字體不要過大或過小。字跡要工整。段落方面,英語專業四級考試作文的特點決定了作文寫法的基本框架為三段論。俗話說,事不過三,超過了三段后就會讓人感到過于繁瑣。并且應當注意的是,每段開頭都應該有縮進,留有兩個單詞的位置。

再次,除了形式之外,作文 的內容也尤其重要。閱卷老師閱卷一般是從第一段看語言,從第二段看結構。這就要求考生 的作文開頭部分以及每一段的第一句一定要寫得像英文,不要出現任何的拼寫或語法錯誤。除了語言的地道外,還要求作文有層次感??梢杂靡幌盗斜硎具壿嬯P系的連詞,即路標 詞來表示思路的清晰,如and, however, furthermore,also, what"s more等。此外,還可 以用對等的句式結構,如for one thing, for another; On the one hand, on the other hand等來增加文章的層次感??傊?,議論文對語言的要求主要體現在三個方面:①用 恰當的邏輯詞表現文章的邏輯性。②要注意自然段與主題句的運用,即用自然段表現出文章 的邏輯性,并在每段中用主題句說明要點,給人一目了然的感覺。③要注意句型結構,注意 每句的重心和句與句之間的銜接,使句意一環扣一環,避免松散。

便條的寫作

便條是一種簡單的書信形式。要求學生仔細閱讀和分析所給的情景,確定便條所涉及的內容,如寫便條者與便條接收者的身份、兩者之間的關系及情景的正式程度等。便條的特點在于內容簡短,大多是臨時性的詢問、留言、通知、要求等。與正規書信相比,便條的語言更為口語化。有急事需告訴別人而又不能面談時,就可以寫便條,如請假條、留言條等。一般不寫地址,與普通書信基本相同。結尾時也無需要結尾禮詞,只需要寫上便條者姓名。便條的日期一般只要寫上星期幾,也可以寫明上午、下午的具體時間。便條具有用途廣泛、形式簡單、文字要求不十分嚴格的特點。

Should higher education be available to all students or only to good students? TOPIC:

Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students.Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students.Discuss these views.Which view do you agree with? Explain why.Some people believe that only good students should have access to a university education.Others posit that higher education should be open to everyone, regardless of their academic abilities.I agree with the former opinion.Universities should only allow good students into their programs because these students value the importance of a good education and are interested in furthering their education.Furthermore, if all students were allowed into universities, the schools would quickly become saturated, and the quality of education received would diminish.A university education is very important to a good student.This type of student has set his/her sights on a university education from early on, and has put in the necessary work to earn a place in a good university.Poor students who did not try to achieve good grades in high school obviously do not care about their education, and therefore, do not deserve to go to university.However, if these poor students go back to school and improve their grades, they should also be allowed to go to university.Good students are very interested in furthering their education.They have put copious amounts of work into their education, and are interested in learning more.Poor students are usually not as interested in furthering their education.If they were interested in this, they would have tried harder to begin with.With that said, let us suppose for a moment that universities did allow all students, regardless of their grades, into university.The school would quickly become overfull, and good students, who really care about their education, would suffer because of it.They might not be able to get into the classes they want, and if they do get in, there might be so many students in the class that it is impossible to learn.In conclusion, I think that it is important to save a university education for those who really want it-good students.If a poor student wishes to go to university, then he/she will have to return to high school and improve his/her grades.TOPIC: [命題作文欣賞] Should schools ask students to evaluate their teachers?

Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers.Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Teachers have a very difficult job in society.They not only have to learn how to teach material effectively, but also must learn how to deal with a wide variety of personalities.While teaching is a difficult job, I think it is important for schools to ask students to evaluate their teachers.I think this is the right thing to do because it encourages teachers to try their best, it gives students the opportunity to choose effective teachers, and it allows the schools to have the best teachers possible teaching.If a teacher knows that at the end of the term, the students will be evaluating his/her work, then the teacher will be driven to do a very good job.If there is no pressure from evaluation, a teacher might be prone to doing a less than perfect job.I believe that everyone needs an occasional evaluation to ensure they are doing their job correctly.In the case of a teacher, the students will give the most important evaluations.If there was a public summary of which teacher scored the highest on his/her evaluations, then students would be able to take courses based on which teacher was the best at the job.This would allow students to excel in their studies, and achieve better grades.Finally, if schools ask students to evaluate their teachers, the schools themselves would be able to have the best teachers working on campus.If a teacher scored too low on an evaluation, a replacement could be found.This is a much better method than waiting for students to complain about a teacher.Teachers do have a difficult job, but regardless of this, they must excel at it.If a person is a particularly poor teacher, the students will not learn the required material, and suffer for it.

第三篇:四級寫作

四級寫作

孫子云:“知己知彼,百戰不殆”。想在寫作考試中獲得成功,就必須首先了解四級考試的要求和評分規則。由于新四級考試還沒有開始進行,筆者就以一篇根據現行四級寫作題目“Do‘Lucky Numbers’Really Bring Good Luck?”寫成的學生作文為例來講述幾個最基本的道理。

例文1:

Some people think that certian(拼寫錯誤)numbers will bring good luck to them.Numbers such as six, eight, sixteen and eighteen are regarded as lucky numbers.There are also people who think that their success is related to certain numbers.However, some other people think numbers have nothing to do with their luck.They believe in their own rather than“lucky numbers”.They don't do things according to certain numbers.As far as I am concerned, I think it is a person's own business whether he believes in a certain number or not.The most important thing is that he has done the work by himself and has done it quite well.As to the belief in numbers, it is their(前后指代不一致,應改為his)personal choice.該文章是當年四級考試命題組印發給全國評卷老師的一篇例文,根據15分制的評分標準,這篇例文被評為14分,供全國評卷老師作為評分參考。乍看起來,本文無論從遣詞造句還是思想深度,似乎都算不得一篇佳作;但它之所以能夠被評為14分,還是有其內在深層次原因的,那就是經常被考生們所忽視的議論文寫作常識。簡要地講,可分為以下三個部分:

(一)英文議論文的結構特點

漢語寫作對文章結構的要求不是很高,如開頭段應該包括什么、論題句應該在什么時候出現、文章的結尾是否必須總結全文等等。而英語寫作要求文章結構必須十分嚴謹,文章各個部分的功能都要十分清晰,開頭、中間和結尾都有嚴格的要求。

簡而言之,英語議論文共有三大特點:

1、觀點鮮明的開頭;

2、緊扣主題的結尾;

3、有主題句并且銜接自然的中間段落。

這三點當中,第1、2點早已為絕大多數中國學生所熟知,因為開頭點題和結尾扣題同樣也是漢語文章的要求。但在長時間的學習過程中,這樣的要求被很多學生以為是“老土”而得不到足夠的重視。如果將這種思想帶到英語議論文寫作當中,直接的后果就是中心分散、觀點不明確,加上中國學生普遍英文表達能力不強,這些因素就為整篇文章的失敗埋下了隱患。

另外,英語文章和漢語不同的是段落的主題句一定要放在段首,而不能按照中文的寫作習慣放在段落的中間或者最后,在英文應試寫作中更加如此。正因為沒有“主題句”的思想,所以中國學生在寫英語文章時經?!跋氲绞裁?,就寫什么”,這在英語議論文中是不能接受的。例如,例文1中每一段的首句都簡要地概括出了該段的主要內容,換句話說,每段的內容都是根據首句來展開的,其順序不能顛倒。

(關于段落的銜接,在后面的內容中將詳細介紹。)(二)中心統一

在中心統一這個問題上,英語議論文和漢語議論文的概念也有所不同。中國人在寫議論文時常常遵循“中庸”的原則,其具體的表現就是認為世界上沒有任何事情是絕對的。當他們在文章中表揚一件事物或一種現象的時候,總要指出其不足;同樣,在批評一件事物或一種現象的同時,也總不忘記指出其也有合理之處。這種做法從道理上來講并沒有什么不妥,但卻不符合英語議論文的寫作習慣,因為英語作家在寫議論文時關注的是自己的辯論技巧和其結果對公眾的影響力。換句話說,如果作者告訴大家兩面都有道理也就等于說兩面都沒有道理,因為讀者在讀了文章之后仍舊不知道作者的看法是什么,以及自己在這種情況下到底該怎么做。

所以,既然四級考試考的是英語文章,大家就應該遵循英文議論文的寫作思路和習慣:表示支持則旗幟鮮明地支持;表示反對就徹徹底底地反對,而不能采取“墻頭草兩邊倒”的做法。以上面的例文1為例,如果作者的觀點是“幸運數字是既有道理又無道理的”,這種觀點就無法讓人接受,因為在英語議論文中,這是典型的中心不統一

大學英語四級寫作常用經典句型

1)主語從句

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.It is well-known that…

It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…

It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that… It is / that 2)賓(表)語從句 We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates.The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.3)定語從句(限定性和非限定性)

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…, There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.4)狀語從句(時間,原因,地點,條件,讓步,轉折等)

When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster(怪物)which will devour him.Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.5)分詞短語做定語或狀語

Prof.Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.6)倒裝句

Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.7)被動句

Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.Many people believe that…(It is believed that…)8)設問句

Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?

大學英語新四級考試寫作要求及高分策略(1)一.四級考試對寫作的要求

《大學英語教學大綱》和《大學英語課程教學基本要求》都對培養學生的英語寫作能力做了明確規定,即學生能在半小時內完成120字左右的短文,包括書信等應用問題寫作,要求文理基本通順,表達思想清楚,無重大語法錯誤。通過分析歷年的真題,我們不難發現:英語作文考查的類型基本包括議論文(一般為三段論式的論說文字),說明文(目前側重于這方面的寫作訓練),圖表作文(要求描述性的語言要貼近圖表信息,真實反映語言水平)和應用文寫作(包括書信、便條、通知、海報等)。

二.四級改革和寫作變化

2005年1月的作文題目是要求學生以導游的身份寫一篇演講稿,不僅包含歡迎辭(表態)行程安排,(說明),而且包含安排的理由(說理)。2005年6月作文題目是校園文化旅游,要求學生就此闡述不同的觀點。2006年1月是個競選演說,如果我當選學生會主席,我會給大家做點什么事情(說明)。2006年6月17日的四級考試則是一個海報,要求考生構想一個招募志愿者的海報,其中包括應聘人必備的資歷和應準備的材料等(說明)。2006年6月24日新題型的作文是傳統的議論文形式,討論大學生選擇任課老師相關的問題。2007年1月作文也是傳統的議論文形式,探討對春節晚會所持的不同觀點。2007年6月份是歡迎同學加入俱樂部的海報(應用文)。

從上面的題目變化趨勢看,描述現象、分析原因、個人看法仍是四、六級考試寫作部分主要考查的重點,在今后相當長的時間內,英語寫作教學和輔導的主要突破口應集中在說明文、議論文和應用文上。

此外,仔細研究06年6月24日以后的四級試卷,我們還可發現,新四級的寫作題目與校園生活密切相關,學生普遍感覺親切,體裁包括兩篇議論文,一篇應用文。不僅如此,新四級寫作題中提供的文章框架清晰,思路比較明確,絕大多數考生都能利用“經典句型”或“萬能模板”寫出及格的作文。盡管新四級前兩次都考查了議論文,但這并不能說明寫作的重心有任何偏移。根據考試改革方案和課程教學要求的相關規定,應用文寫作、說明文和議論文仍將是新四級作文的主攻方向。

三.四級寫作高分策略

新四級考試并沒有改變對寫作的測試標準和要求,但在出題順序上卻做了明顯的調整:寫作作為第一項考查的內容,被提到新四級試卷的最開頭,這令許多考生感覺不適應,部分網友甚至認為這是在折騰考生。其實,提高寫作能力雖然較難,但寫作教學卻是一片大有可為的沃土。在過去十多年的英語寫作輔導中,筆者堅持認為:考生如果堅持做到如下幾點,就不難在規定的時間內寫出一篇成功的英語作文。

1.了解英語寫作的測試目的,準確把握題目的要求

英語寫作測試,其實主要還是要考查學生組織英語語言的能力,和用英語表達思想的能力,體裁不外乎議論文,說明文和應用文,主題也是在大學生熟知話題基礎上的翻新或擴展。綜觀歷年的四級作文真題,變化趨勢是從三段論的議論文向實用性更強的應用文體,尤其是書信寫作方面傾斜??忌綍r應有意識地就他們感興趣的一些話題進行思考和拓展,爭取在實踐中磨練敏銳的審題能力。2.迅速梳理寫作的思路,列出并借助提綱進行寫作

到了大學階段,學生還是非常善于思考的,他們不僅想象力非常豐富,晚上做夢,還經常daydream, 各有獨特的思維和寫作思路。但是,如何將千頭萬緒的思路梳理清楚,學生則必須有真工夫。為此,在進行四級寫作時,考生一定要首先形成自己的觀點,之后合理運用一些手段,如常用的有四種:陳述理由、舉例說明、提供數據、下定義等,之后充分就此展開論說。這樣通過高效思考,嚴密組織,再輔以提綱形式的文章架構,考生一定會寫出較符合規范的文章 3.擴展寫作提綱,草擬文稿,表述主要觀點

在利用提綱展示個人寫作思路的基礎上,學生還應充分利用現有的英語水平,按照一定的邏輯思路,充分表達個人的觀點。寫作之初,學生不必字斟句酌,只要脈絡清楚,具備輪廓就可以了。草擬文章的過程實際是把思維結果外在化的過程,學生應力爭使文章具有連貫性和流暢性。草擬過程的順利與否,在很大程度上取決于平時訓練所達到的水平。許多考生畏懼作文,經常懶于動筆;還有一些考生認為寫作很難提高,干脆放棄平時的訓練。這些想法都是錯誤的。為真正提高寫作水平,筆者建議大家從開始準備四級的那天起,就應有針對性地分體裁、分話題、分階段地進行實戰模擬,強迫自己一氣呵成將文章寫完,不必追求完美,不必在乎自己的文稿到底語言有多么不地道或出現多少語法錯誤。熟能生巧。只要堅持多寫、多練,平時注意擴大閱讀,寫作的水平自然就會提高。

2005年1月CET作文題目

四級作文題目:

A Campaign Speech 你認為自己具備是什么條件(能力,性格,愛好)可以勝任學生會主席工作,如果當選你將會為本校同學做什么?

范文:

Today I am very glad to run for the president of the students‘ union.I am junior in Chemical Department.Since I came into the university, I have always been the monitor of my class.I have done a very good job for my classmates, and my classmates and my tacher all give me a good praise.I am good at communication and organizing.And I like to help others.Moreover, I have a varity of hobbies,for example, basketball, football, pingpong, etc.I am sure that I am qualified for this position.If I become the president, I will try my best to do well.I will organize some siutable activities for you.I will do many things for you to reache your demands as well.I am sincerely hope you will give me a chance, and please believe me that I will be a good president.Thank you.六級作文題目:

1,對病人的簡單介紹:目前的病情和家庭情況

2,目前的困難:無法繼續承擔醫療費用,需要護理

3,希望捐助,聯系方式

Your Help Needed 范文: Dear friends,As some of you may know,Lucy,a lovely girl student,a junior from the Department of Fine Arts,has been seriously ill.In fact,she has been suffering from hepatitis, which is very dangerous.This 20-year-old girl comes from a small town in Shangdong province.Her family has tried every means to save her.Now Lucy is in urgent need of operation to her liver transplanted.However, her family is too poor to afford the expenses, which totaled 120,000 yuan.How can a poor family earning 1000 yuan per month afford such high expenses? But the time is limited.They cannot afford to wait to see the disease untouched.So you help is urgently needed.Let's do what we can to save our fellow student.The life of such a lovely girl is in your hand.Your love can save a life.You can contact 2335648 in the daytime and 2335658 at night.2005年6月CET作文題目

四級作文題目:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay[ IN honour of teachers on the occasion of Teacher's Day].You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1,向老師表達節日祝賀

2,從一件小事來回憶老師的教誨和無私的奉獻 3,我如何回報老師的關愛 Teacher's Day 六級作文題目:

In this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products.1.目前盜版的現象比較嚴重 2.造成這種現象的原因及危害 3.我們應該怎么做?

參考單詞:盜版 piracy(n.)盜版產品 pirated products 知識產權 intellectual property rights 侵犯版權 infringe sb's copyright;copyright infringement,Say No to Pirated Products 內容:

1、有些大學允許學生自由選擇某些課程的任課老師。

2、學生選擇老師時所考慮的主要因素是??

3、學生自選任課老師的益處及可能產生的問題。

As the proverb says, “Knowledge is power.” It is an undeniable fact that a large amount of students prefer to choose their own teachers for certain courses.In fact, some universities allow their students to do so.When choosing a teacher, some factors should be taken into consideration.On one hand, a learned teacher is preferred.After all, for a student, studying is given full priority.A teacher with plentiful knowledge can ease the burden of study for many students and provide them with many opportunities for enlarging their scope of knowledge, while at the same time realizing their potentials.On the other hand, a teacher with a clear and humorous teaching style is favorable.To a large extent, whether a lecture is welcomed by the students or not is depended on the way of delivering rather than its content.No one can deny that interesting interaction is far more enjoyable than monologue.There is a good side and a bad side to everything, including choosing teachers by students.It goes without saying that it can arouse students’ interest in study to the largest extent.Such phenomena as being absent from classes or paying no attention to the classes may vanish.Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that it can bring some side-effects.The management of classes may be in a disorder.Some teachers can be warmly welcomed so the number of the students may be too large while other courses may have few participants.We can conclude that allowing students to choose their own teachers has both positive and negative effects.What we must do is to make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.春節作文

寫春節作文前,我們可以先回憶下過春節是我們參加過的活動,如貼倒福、分壓歲錢、吃餃子、撣揚塵、貼年畫、貼剪紙、放鞭炮、守歲、給壓歲錢、掛千千結、貼春聯等,然后挑一個我們印象深刻的上網查些資料,可以到百度搜春節的八個習俗,春節的由來與傳說等,也可以上作文網作文素材頻道找到相關資料再進行介紹。

作文題目可以自擬,如歡度春節,春節游文廟,除夕之夜,美麗的春節,春節花會

開頭部分:大致介紹一下春節,及春節的一些習俗,點明你所要介紹的習俗。(略寫)

第二部分:介紹這一習俗的來歷、象征意義等,像剪紙、年畫、千千結等還可以寫寫這些物品的種類、樣子等。(詳細)

第三部分:回憶自己參與這一活動的情景。(詳細)結尾結尾部分:寫寫自己對這一習俗的感受。

每個部分舉例:

開頭部分:大致介紹一下春節,及春節的一些習俗,點明你所要介紹的習俗。(略寫)

例:元宵節是我國的四大節日之一,元宵節一過,春節也就算過完了,所以這一天是非常隆重和熱鬧的。過元宵節的節目豐富多彩,有充滿樂趣的看花燈猜燈謎,有喜氣洋洋的舞龍,還有熱鬧非凡的賽龍船。不過,最吸引我們小孩子的卻是那多姿多彩的煙花。

第二部分:介紹這一習俗的來歷、象征意義等,像剪紙、年畫、千千結等還可以寫寫這些物品的種類、樣子等。(詳細)

例:春聯代表著歡樂祥和。在我們中國,每逢春節,無論城市還是農村,家家戶戶都要精選一副大紅春聯貼在門上,為節日增加喜慶的氣氛。一幅幅春聯不僅帶來了吉祥和祝福,還帶來了中國古老的濃濃的文化氣息。瞧!“大地春光好,長天曉日紅”、“歲歲皆如意,年年盡平安”、“江山萬里如畫,神州四時皆春”、“春風送春處處***美,喜鵲報喜家家喜事多”…… 幅幅春聯讓千家萬戶喜氣盈門。春聯的種類比較多。按照使用場所,可分為門心、框對、橫批、春條、斗方等。因此,貼的位置也不同,如“門心”貼在門板上端中心部位;“橫批”貼在門楣的橫木上。

第三部分:回憶自己參與這一活動的情景。(詳細)

例:記得去年元宵節的晚上爸爸媽媽帶我去工人體育館看煙花。八點整,只聽見幾聲沉悶的聲音,一個個煙花帶著紅紅的火星竄上了天空,幾聲脆響,夜空綻放出幾朵美麗的花朵。它們的形狀和顏色各不相同,有五顏六色的滿天星,金黃色的蒲公英,紫色的牽?;?,火紅的玫瑰花,粉紅的月季、銀色的百合,真是絢麗多彩。隨著一聲聲的炮響,人們在驚呼,在贊嘆,夜色中,人們微微揚起的臉上也變幻著多姿的色彩,露出了幸福的笑容……

結尾結尾部分:寫寫自己對這一習俗的感受。

例:我看著那散發著傳統文化芳香的中華結,仿佛品味到了中華民族遠古的神秘和東方的靈秀。它的古香古色,它的千變萬化,讓我神往,讓我遐想…… 《春節的街頭》

今天,是中國傳統節日——春節。早晨我還沒醒,就聽到了鞭炮的聲音。平靜的社區,今日顯得熱鬧非凡。這熱鬧的喧囂,把我的睡意一股腦的全都打撒開來。于是,起床穿上了新衣服連早飯都來不及吃就沖到門外,看著各家各戶的炮竹,煙花。接著就是跟爸爸媽媽一起去走街串巷——拜年!

“李伯伯,新年快樂”“王阿姨,工作順了”“劉奶奶,身體健康”〃〃〃跟所有的長輩們拜過年之后,媽媽提議說:一會,去街上看看,感受下新年的氣氛。

一上街,街上可就更熱鬧了。人們手里有提著大袋大袋的菜,身邊的孩子手上握著一大把小花炮,蹦蹦跳跳地跑著???!我左邊的一位四、五歲左右的小女孩,跑到前面去。一下子又轉過頭對一位滿手是鼓鼓的袋子的大人喊著:“爸爸,快點!我要回去放炮玩呢!”。有拿著那邊超市發的小氣球的,紅的,黃的,綠的,還有藍的。也有三五成群,手挽著手說說笑笑的姑娘們,小伙子們,忙綠了一年,辛苦了一年,我想這個時候應該是大家最放松,最高興的時候。你看,路燈上還掛著兩個小紅燈,喜氣洋洋的。就像在說,“我們也要過新年,我們也要過新年”。

一進菜市場,那才更熱鬧呢!人流竄動,一眼望去,什么也看不見,全是人。還有那翠綠的黃瓜,可真新鮮哪,你看,那金黃色的小花在太陽的照射下顯得多么的生機勃勃啊。那鯽魚,鰱魚,青魚,草魚等等在水里游來游去,真是印證了我們中國的老話:年年有魚(余)!黃的韭菜,紅的番茄,黑的木耳,白的蘿卜〃〃〃真是要什么有什么呀。“哎喲!可真夠擠的?!蔽亦止玖艘痪洹8鴭寢屬I了幾個我愛吃的菜,結完帳就走出了菜場。超市里的收銀臺前也早已排起了長龍。

傍晚時分,街上,又漸漸安靜下來。店主們把店子關了,超市也比往常早了些許關門。大家都提著東西回家過年去了。

到了晚上6點左右,社區漸漸安靜,孩子們都回家吃團圓飯去了。吃完團圓飯7、8點的樣子社區又重新熱鬧起來。孩子們全都出來放花炮了。這個放個“降落傘,”那個又放個“天女撒花”〃〃〃〃各式各樣的花炮全有。每放完一個都會聚集好幾個孩子,他們在討論誰的花炮最美麗,誰的花炮顏色最多,之后又是陣陣歡笑。大人們或幾個坐在一起打牌,打麻將;或幾個坐在一起嗑瓜子,剝花生;或看著自己的孩子放花炮,偶爾還要幫他們一下。大多數的孩子,都是自己獨立操作完成。

夜,更深了。人們陸陸續續的回家了,有些不肯回家的孩子也在父母的勸說下,不情愿的回了家,一天的熱鬧景象漸漸被夜幕包圍。我不禁感嘆又是一年到,時間過得可真快呀!

春節見聞 “當、當、當”新年的鐘聲敲響了,家家戶戶的門上早已貼上了或火紅或金黃的對聯,每一家的老老少少都樂得合不攏嘴。興奮的孩子們有的目不轉睛地盯著電視,品嘗著一年一度的晚會大餐――春節晚會;有的急著給自己的長輩拜年,發短信,打電話,所有新年的祝福話語仿佛怎么也說不完;調皮的孩子正在向自己的父輩們 “討要”壓歲錢;屋外的鞭炮聲此起彼伏,炸開了鍋,五彩的煙花更是把這個特殊的夜晚點綴得絢麗多姿。

正月初一,農歷新年的第一天迎著人們的喜悅祥和而來。我這個平時最賴床的懶漢,今天卻起了個大早,因為我極想穿上我那美麗的新衣,出去好好炫耀一翻。我要去走親訪友拜新年了,這無疑也是一件高興的事。我們小孩子走在拜年隊伍的前面,見到長輩們拜個年,說幾句吉利話,就可以收獲一大把的壓歲錢,然后拿到街上去買自己喜愛的東西――玩具、零食、鞭炮……,家長好像變了個人似的,對我們的放縱是那么的寬容,一切都有了!這就是過年的感覺。

“放鞭炮嘍!”不知是誰喊了一聲,小孩子們很快都聚在了一起。一串串鞭炮在人們手中點燃,響聲震天,四處飛濺,仿佛要把一個個美好的愿望送到千家萬戶。一陣陣炮竹聲接連不斷,熱鬧非凡。

到了吃飯的時候,望著滿桌子平時最愛吃的菜肴,我們小孩子卻一點兒也不覺得餓。大人們在推杯換盞之間,談論最多是:今非昔比??!今天的幸福生活從餐桌上最能說明問題,現在人們生活好了,天天就像在過年!

奔波在走親訪友的路途上,我見到了春意盎然的田間大地,一條條新修的高速公路縮短了我們的行程,通往鄉村的泥巴路也被“村村通”的水泥路所覆蓋,城市高樓大廈像雨后春筍,一年一個變化……

春節對于我們小孩子來說,那就是一切都在變化,一切都是新的!

第四篇:四級寫作

一.對比觀點題型

(1)要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。

1.有一些人認為……

累了,休息下,去考試大在線網上輔導逛逛

2.另一些人認為……

3.我的看法……

The topic of ①________(主題)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②________(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③________(理由二).Moreover, ④________(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,________(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥____________(理由二).Thirdly(finally),⑦____________(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧________(我的觀點).The reason is that ⑨____________(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.(2)給出一個觀點,要求考生反對這一觀點Some people believe that ①________(觀點一).For example, they think ②________(舉例說明).And it will bring them ③________(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④____(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤____(反對的理由之二).Form all what I have said,I agree to the thought that ⑥____(我對文章所討論主題的看法).英語六級考試寫作技巧

二.闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個主題出發,按照提綱的要求進行論述.1.闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義.2.分析并舉例使其更充實.The good old proverb ________(名言或諺語)reminds us that ________(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,________(理由一).For example, ____________(舉例說明).Secondly,________(理由二).Another case is that ________(舉例說明).Furthermore , ____________(理由三).英語四級英譯漢的目的,要求和評分

In my opinion, ________(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say____A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.三.解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑

1.問題現狀英語四級英譯漢的目的,要求和評分

2.怎樣解決(解決方案的優缺點)

In recent days, we have to face I problem——A, which is becoming more and more serious.First, ________(說明A的現狀).Second, ________(舉例進一步說明現狀)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing, ________(解決方法一).For another ________(解決方法二).Finally, ________(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that ________(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(帶來的好處).四.說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀,再對比事物本身的利弊,有時也會單從一個角度(利或弊)出發,最后往往要求考生表明自己的態度(或對事物前景提出預測)

1.說明事物現狀

2.事物本身的優缺點(或一方面)

3.你對現狀(或前景)的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First ________(A的優點之一).Besides ____________(A的優點之二).But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一個缺點).To make matters worse,____________(A的第二個缺點).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to ________(我的看法).(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way, ________(對前景的預測).五.議論文的框架

(1)不同觀點列舉型(選擇型)

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying

that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand,___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.(2)利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優點一______.And secondly ___優點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____ 缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.(3)答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.英語四級英譯漢的目的,要求和評分

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.as is indicated above......there is.....in the picture,it is obvious that,by diagramwe know that.for the reason if we realize that we firstly should,secondly we ,not only do webut, in the end it is essential that,,we make a conclusion that it is ,it isthat,,to our surprise ,the cartoon show us to sty.ina word ,we believe that

第五篇:四級寫作

1.大學英語四級測試作文評分標準 2.四級作文命題規律 3.怎樣寫好四級作文 2.四級作文命題規律 2.1.歷年四級作文題目

1995.1 Can Money Buy Happiness? 1995.6 Advantages of a Job Interview 1996.1 The Two–Day Weekend 1996.6 Global Shortage of Fresh Water 1997.1 Practice Makes Perfect 1997.6 Getting to Know the World Outside Campus 1998.1 Harmfulness of Fake Commodities 1998.6 Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? 1999.1 Don?t Hesitate to Say “No”

1999.6 Reading Selectively or Extensively? 2000.1 How I Finance My College Education 2000.6 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? 2001.1 How to Succeed in a Job Interview 2001.6 A Letter to a Schoolmate 2002.1 A Letter to the University President about

the Canteen Service on Campus 2002.6 Students? Use of Computers 2003.1 It Pays to Be Honest 2003.6 An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident.2003.9 The Day My Classmate Fell Ill(or Got Injured)2003.12 A Letter in Reply to a Friend 2004.6 An Introduction for Tourists 2005.1 A campaign speech 2005.6 In honor of Teachers On the Occasion of Teachers? Day 2005.12 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 2006.6 An Announcement for a Voluntary Program 2.2.命題形式 4.2.1.提綱作文

提綱作文實質上是議論文,其下可分為四種類型:

現象闡釋型 : 2003年1月四級作文考題 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1.當前社會上存在許多不誠實的現象;

2.誠實利人利已,做人應該誠實。

.問題對策型:分析問題,找出成因,提出解決辦法,題目實例如下: 1997年6月四級英語作文真題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus.You should write at least 100 words and you

should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

1.大學生了解社會的必要性;

2.了解社會的途徑(大眾媒介、社會服務等);

3.我打算怎么做。

觀點對比型:辨析兩種對立觀點,題目實例如下: 1995年1月四級作文真題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below: 1.有人認為金錢是幸福之本(source of happiness)2.也有人認為金錢是萬惡之源(root of all evil)3.我的看法

論說反駁型:支持或駁斥一種觀點,題目實例如下: 1998年6月四級作文真題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below: 1.有些人認為某些數字會帶來好運; 2.我認為數字和運氣無關,…… 2.2.2.圖表作文

近十年來圖表作文只考過一次柱狀圖

2.2.3.情景作文的實質是記敘文,主要考過這幾種類型: A.書信

(1)告知信/ 建議信:2004年1月 四級作文真題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend's inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1.建議報考的專業及理由; 2.報考該專業的基本條件; 3.應當如何備考。(2)綜合信

2002年1月四級作文真題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假設你是李明,請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信,內容應涉及食堂的飯菜質量、價格、環境、服務等,可以是表揚,可以是批評建議,也可以兼而有之。

B.演講致辭

2005年1月四級作文真題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.A Campaign Speech 1.你認為自己具備是什么條件(能力,性格,愛好)可以勝任學生會主席工作,2.如果當選你將會為本校同學做什么? 議論文(共14題)現象闡釋型:

1995年6月,1996年1月,1997年1月,1998年1月,1999年1月, 2003年1月

問題對策型:

1996年6月,1997年6月,2000年1月,2001年1月,觀點對比型:1995年1月,1999年6月,2000年6月 論證反駁型:1998年6月 圖表作文(共1題)

柱狀圖:2002年6月 記敘文(共7題)

告知信/建議信:2001年6月,2004年1月

綜合信:2002年1月

綜合敘事:2003年6月,2003年9月

演講致辭:2004年6月,2005年1月,2005年6月 2.3.命題規律

1)新:對傳統的三段論式作文提出挑戰,新的題型層出不窮。特別是2003年以來,先后考過交通事故目擊證詞、導游詞等首次出現的題目,所以僅僅依靠背誦套句變得越來越行不通。需要同學們重視提高自己的真正寫作水平,以不變應萬變。

2)綜合能力考核:純粹的記敘、說明或議論文的考核被同時考核三種能力的綜合性題目所代替,如2003年9月份的考題,就要求考生在第一段敘述你的classmate生病或受傷的過程,第二段要求說明一下各方面對他的關心,第三段要求你對這個事件展開討論。這要求我們要全面發展自己的寫作能力,不可偏廢。

3)實用:實用文體的寫作出現得越來越多,書信作文屢次出現,2004年6月還考了一篇導游詞。這體現了四級作文對學生實際運用英語能力的關注,也是四級作文備考訓練的重點之一。

2.4.四級作文可能會出現的題目

1)考試的命題作文大都是議論文結構,一般來說題目內容應該是考生所熟悉的,能夠有話可說的,如那些社會熱點問題就是經常出的題目。

2)但不是所有的熱點問題都會成為考試題目??荚囶}目還要和考試對象的文化背景,年齡特點相一致,所以有關大學生生活,學習,理想等的題目經常出現。

3)作文題目會考慮到考生的語言水平,也就是說學生要求掌握的詞匯和結構能否足夠表達所考的題目。

總的來說,根據學生要求掌握的詞匯,根據學生的知識結構,年齡特點和文化背景,出題的范圍可大致如下:

科學技術:計算機,克隆,電視,小汽車等對社會和生活的影響 社會問題:如住房,交通,就業,犯罪,婚姻,環境,能源和廣告等

校園生活:如學習方式,考試,課余活動,體育鍛煉,人際交往和興趣愛好等

青少年問題:如父子代溝,抽煙吸毒,個人思想,職業選擇,文化教育和成功失敗等 文化教育:閱讀,道德修養,出國留學,學生減負,教育與成長等

3.怎樣寫好四級作文

3.1.如何開頭

(1)主題句法

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects.(2)問題法

Do you know how many people die from traffic accidents every 23 minutes? Why does cream go bad faster than butter?

(3)對比法

When asked …., most of college students say that….But I think quite differently.I would prefer a career that will help realize my potentials.(4)數據法

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.(5)故事法

Six o?clock yesterday(June 20th, Friday)afternoon when I was walking along the riverbank of our school, an unbelievable scene caught my eyes.(6)引語法

As the proverb goes, “You are only young once.”(適用于記住的名言)There is an increasing awareness/popularity among people that…..3.2.如何結尾

3.2.1.重復中心思想 回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上,達到再次肯定和強調的效果。

With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports and games have now become more popular with people than ever.3.2.2.作出結論 文章最后用幾句話概括全文內容,并進一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的觀點。

In conclusion/to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutual beneficial.The students gain knowledge eagerly and enjoyably, and the teacher gains satisfaction from his job.3.2.3.應用引語 用格言、諺語或習語總結全文,既言簡意賅又有更強的說服力。

If you have anything to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way to permanent success.Remember the famous saying.“God helps those who help themselves.“

3.2.4.用反問結尾 雖然形式是問句,但意義卻是肯定的,具有明顯的強調作用,引起讀者思考。

Therefore, listening skills must be consciously improved.Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, why shouldn?t we develop this ability as far as possible? 3.2.5.提出展望或期望 表示對將來的展望或期待讀者投入行動。

I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century.As China will open further to the outside world,the language is sure to be spread world widely.From the discussion above, we may safely arrive at/come to/reach the conclusion that… 3.3.行文中間

3.3.1.用詞多樣豐富

think vs.hold the view that/maintain that… so vs.consequently

because vs.resulting from, on account of the fact that and so on

3.3.2.長短句交錯使用

When it comes to…, I hold the view that… I am for/ against the view that… There is no denying the fact that… There is no doubt that No wonder …

The reason why…is that… On no account can we…

Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that… 3.3.3.通過遣詞造句使英語更加地道 遣詞

抽象名詞的使用是現代英語的一大特點 Family life makes me feel happy.Family life is a source of happiness to me.Our parents always expect that we should make progress in school, and will ask why we fail to do so.Our parents always anticipate progress and question its absence.The mayor said he was very grateful because the construction workers were dedicated and competent.The mayor expressed his appreciation of the dedication and competence of the construction workers.The news made us no longer anxious but joyful.The news turned our initial anxiety into joy.If we don?t recognize the serious problem of growing population, we will make a big mistake.Failure to recognize the seriousness of growing population will lead to a big problem.造句

漢語句子信息密度高,而英語句子冗余度高 漢語句子按照時間和因果順序進行線性排列,重心落在最后,而英語句子卻可以運用各種虛詞著眼于空間的立體組合,把重心放在句首,不拘泥于時間發生的時間和因果次序,也不必擔心其邏輯關系上的混亂

When I first visited Shanghai, I could not find any trees and flowers in the streets.I was really surprised.I was really surprised at the absence of any trees and flowers in the streets when I first visited Shanghai.Some shows will have bad effect on children.But our parents fail to notice it, so they allow children to watch whatever program is on.Children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on parents’ part of the bad effect that some shows will have on children.In summer vacation, I visited several places and met different kinds of people.I can tell you many wonderful stories about them.There are many wonderful stories to tell about places I visited and different kinds of people I met during the summer vacation.3.4.四級作文范例

06年12月英語四級作文點評及范文

Direction:

1.許多人喜歡在除夕夜觀看春節晚會

2.但有些人提出取消春節晚會.3.我的看法.The approach of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala.Its established status is being challenged by a growing number of people, especially by younger generations.It is increasingly difficult to cater for all tastes.Some individuals deem that it should be canceled or replaced by other programs.These young people focus their attention on other forms of celebration instead of immersing themselves in TV.Despite that, the majority of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance.The most striking feature of this gala is its traditionally close link with ordinary people's lives.Most of people view this gala as an annual staple on the traditional Chinese Spring Festival Eve.They all have a restless night and glue their eyes on the television.I am not supportive of the view that the grand gala should be abandoned.Undoubtedly, it plays a vital role in the celebration of Chinese New Year.To increase its appeal and meet young adults' need, the upcoming performance should invite some big names including super stars from Hongkong and Taiwan.We are all eagerly anticipating this unforgettable evening show 4.如何提高寫作能力 原則一:豐富詞匯 原則二:重視閱讀

一方面做大量的泛讀。作文和閱讀是相輔相成、互相促進的。

另一方面做有意識的精讀。一要精讀一些內容接近現實生活的例文。二要精讀優秀范文。看的時候要著眼于三個方面:范文是如何提出觀點并進行論證的,運用了哪些論證手法;范文是如何安排段落的,段落之間以及句子之間是怎樣銜接的;范文里有什么精彩的詞、詞組和句型是值得我們模仿的。如果考生能夠舉一反三,仔細思考并且適當借鑒的話,定會獲益非淺。

原則三:加強背誦 原則四:收錄材料 原則五:勤于練習

練習四級真題。在練習的時候要注意應該在規定時間內完成。在練習頻率上,基本應該保持兩天寫一篇以上。

在練習寫作的時候也不一定非得要寫完整的文章,有時候可以進行段落論證的寫作。寫完之后對照范文,反思自己作文中存在的問題。英文里有句諺語:Practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧),只要堅持,提高四級作文分數指日可待。

提綱

1.大學英語作文新動態分析 2.四級作文寫作步驟解析 3.四級作文??碱}型分析

4.寫作對策

5.最新作文解析

6.寫作注意事項

1).寫作時間沒有變,字數要求有變化。

2)寫作提綱沒有了,出現了寫作情景或語境

2011年12月的作文沒有給出中文提綱而是設定了一個語境(context)。這與之前相比難度相對增加了,考生必須在30分鐘內,首先用三至五分鐘,來給自己打個腹稿,確定全文的結構或outline。

其次,也是從今往后的考試中最大的一個變化是,在寫作要求(instruction)里,會給你設定好一個情景(situation)或語境(context)。這就給考生提出了更大的挑戰。

考生必須要在文章中,以這個情景或語境為出發點,來展開對命題的探討。決不能脫離這個所給定的情景或語境,隨心所欲地大發議論,以免跑題。

基本形式:三段落式; 評分標準及注意事項:

1.切題:根據該段所給的題目及情景或語境來寫相關內容

2.語言:完整句子,減少語法錯誤

3.連貫:運用列舉法,使段落結構清晰;

免俗 2.寫作步驟解析

(1)分析所給語境與題目之間的關系 1.審題列提綱:

(3 min)(2)確定三部分的寫作結構和基本內容 2.寫作(24 min)3.檢查(3min)3.四級作文常考題型分析 1)現象解釋型 2)觀點對立型 3)問題解決型

2008/06

Recreational Activities 2008/12

Limiting the Use of Disposal Bags 2009/06

Free Admission to Museums 2009/12

Create a Green Campus 2010/06

Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling 2010/12

How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent 2011/06

Online Shopping 2011/12

Nothing Succeeds without a Strong Will近四年來四級作文的題型歸類 1)現象解釋型

----2008/12 2)觀點對立型

----2008/06,2009/06, 2011/06 3)問題解決型

-----2009/12,2010/06,2010/12 4.寫作對策 1)、現象解釋型

a.闡述現象

b.分析原因或影響因素

c.存在的問題或作者的觀點 以2008/12的作文為例進行分析 2008年12月的作文

Part I Writing(30 minutes)

注意:此部分試題在答題卡1上。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Recreational Activities.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: Limiting the Use of Disposal Bags

1、一次性塑料袋曾經廣泛使用

2、由此帶來的問題

3、限制一次性塑料袋的意義

寫作范文 寫作范文 寫作模板 A.Nowadays_________is a common phenomenon in society.For example, ________.People/prefer doing ________because______._________ do more(good)than(harm)to us.For one thing, _________.For another, ____________.B

Recently ________ has aroused public concern.It ______________________.People/prefer doing ________because______.___________ do both(good)and(harm)to us.On the one hand,________.On the other hand,________________.2)、觀點對立型

a.一些人對某一事物的 觀點是… …

b.另外一些人對該事物的 觀點是… …

c.我的看法… …

(以2011年6月的作文為例進行分析)

2011年6月的作文

Part I Writing(30 minutes)

注意:此部分試題在答題卡1上。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Recreational Activities.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: Online Shopping

1.現在網上購物已成為一種時尚

2.網上購物有很多好處,但也有不少問題

3.我的建議 觀點對立型模版

第一段提出問題模版:

1.There is a hot debate going on about____

2.Recently many people are involved in the heated discussion about_____近年來,…...引起了激烈的爭論.第二段 論述兩種不同的觀點模版

1.As for such a question, different people hold different views.Some believe______, While there is also an opposite voice,___.2.Some insist that _____.Others, however, are voicing quite a loud protest.They pointed out that___________.3.Some maintain that_________, others argue that__________.4.Most people take it for granted that________..However,others hold________.第三段 我的觀點模版

1.As for me, I hold that ______________.2.I firmly believe that_____________.3.As far as I?m concerned, ___________.4.For my part,it is______________.5.Personally, I believe the trend that____.6.From my perspective,____________.7.In my opinion__________________.練習:

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Credit Cards.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1.越來越多的人使用信用卡,信用卡有哪些好處

2.信用卡的弊端

3.你自己的觀點

Credit Cards 3)問題解決型

a.闡述問題、解決問題 b.解決問題的辦法 c.我的看法

以2010/12的作文為例進行分析 2010年12月的作文

Part I Writing(30 minutes)

注意:此部分試題在答題卡1上。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Recreational Activities.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: How should parents help children to be independent?

1,目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切

2,為了讓孩子獨立,父母應該..How should parents help children to be independent?

This is a thought-provoking social phenomenon that parents monopolize their children’s everything.From going to university, selecting majors to hunting for a job, parents make every crucial decision for their sons and daughters.No doubt, what the parents do leads to a most serious problem—children are badly dependent on parental help.Every morning the children wake up, but

they don’t know what they should do and how they could do.They lose the ability to take care of themselves, and in turn, lose the opportunity to succeed.Don’t keep on spoiling the children anymore, because they need independence.These are some suggestions for parents.Firstly, parents should create an independent climate for their children.Secondly, parents should try to help children maintain their independence.Finally, parents should always believe that their children have the ability to make their own decisions in their lives.寫作模板

A

Sometimes we find there are really many problems/difficulties in _______________.Then how can we manage to overcome all these? Step by step, first,________.Secondly, __________.Thirdly,__________.Last, _____.After a period of painstaking efforts, I feel that _______________________________.B

These days we often hear that___________.There are some possible reasons for that.In the first place,______________.In the second place, _________________.To solve the problem is not easy at all, but it is worth trying.We should do something such as _________ to improve the present situation, And I do believe everything will be better in the future.5、最新四級作文解析(2011年12月的作文)Part I Writing(30 minutes)

注意:此部分試題在答題卡1上。

”you're allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.I 've done it hundreds of time.” You'd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.” ? 從命題要求中,我們可以看到此次命題的考試內容為勵志型話題,與學生的日常學習生活和人生觀有關。命題屬于依據材料來分析問題的文章體裁,對于這樣的話題,我們可以借用三段式這一模式,首先依據背景材料來提出問題,“從戒煙的問題引出做任何事情都需要堅強的意志,需要堅持到底,不可半途而廢。”之后分析這一問題,可以正反論證,也可舉例論

證,此為主體段落,可以通過“人生要靠自己創造”、“人的潛力無窮”、“任何苦難和痛苦都是對自己的挑戰,其收獲到的經驗將是無窮的”。也可以引用名人名言,如“where there is a will, there is a way”。最后一段,可以總結來論證堅強的意志對于成功的重大意義。提綱

(1)闡述現象“Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.I ?ve done it hundreds of time.”,并進行評論

(2)舉例證明Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will

(3)作者的觀點

Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will

Everyone tries to achieve success in his career.However, someone firmly attains his goal while another fails.Why? The one continues his cause to the end through long periods of hard struggling, but the other is easily disappointed or stops halfway.Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success.A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit.He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be.Dr.Sun Yat-sen was such a man.Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty.Diligence means

steadiness in one's work and study.Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep himself attentive to studies.Marx often worked 15 hours a day.Life is short and we have many things to do.Without diligence no one can achieve anything.I believe that where there is a will there is a way, and that success belongs to those who can suffer long years of patient toil and constant efforts.6、寫作的注意點: 1.字跡一定要清晰工整

2.第一段不要出現語法錯誤,如:nowadays的拼寫.3.不能出現的標點(1)書名號(2)頓號

(3)6個點的省略號(4)中文形式的句號

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