第一篇：必修五Unit1 寫(xiě)人的作文

Unit1 寫(xiě)人的作文

開(kāi)頭句子：

The woman I admire most is Lin Qiaozhi who was second to none as a specialist in women's diseases in China.She was considered as one of the greatest women who made great contributions to the world.Her name is known all over the world.中間段：

What is known to us is that Song Qingling was one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history who was concernedwith welfare projects, especially for women and children.It is universally acknowledged that she was a specialist in women's diseases and devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.As far as I am concerned, it was hard work and her determination as well as gentle nature that made her succeed.Because of her hard work and great achievements, she was honored as one of the greatest women of the 20th century for her great contributions to China and the world.結(jié)尾段：

Even though she was awarded many prizes for her great achievements , she still worked hard to carry on her work.If you want to know more about her, you can refer to the Internet.I was so inspired by what she had done to the world that I decided to study hard to achieve my dream.Jane Goodall

The woman I admire most Jane Goodall who was second to none as a specialist in studying wild animals, especially chimps.She was also considered as one of the greatest women who made great contributions to the world.Her name is known all over the world.When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusualfor a woman to live in the forest.Only after hermother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.For forty years, Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.Even though she spent most of her life in the African forests, she found everything all worthwhile.I was so inspired by what she had done to the world that I decided to study hard to achieve my dream.

第二篇：必修五Unit 1 Great Scientists(教案)（本站推薦）

Unit 1 Great Scientists(教案)Teaching aims and demands: Topic how to organize scientific research : contributions of scientists.useful words and expressions engine characteristic radium theory scientific examine conclude conclusion analyse repeat defeat attend expose cure control absorb severe valuable pump pub blame immediately handle addition link announce instruct virus construction contribute positive strict movement god God backward complete spin enthusiastic cautious reject view steam engine , put forward , draw a conclusion , in addition , link…to , apart from ,(be)strict with , lead to , make sense , point of view Functions: Describing people: characteristics and qualities How will I recognize you? You can recognize me because… What will you wear? I will wear a…

What do you look like? What special features do you have? I’m tall/short, fat/ thin, young/old… How will I know you? I have large/ small, brown/ green / black eyes with… Grammar The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative So many thousands of terrified people died.{Attribute} But he became inspired when he…{Predicative}

Teaching procedure: Period 1 Step 1 lead in Ask the Ss to answer the following question: Do you know any scientists?(Ss say some scientists.Such as : Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790, Qian Xuesen , Liu Zhenxing , Hawking, Mendeleev……)

Step 2 action 1.Ask the Ss some to introduce some scientists by his / her own word by the next question Can you remember their names and their scientific achievements? 2.Help the Ss to finish the introduction.Step 3.Group work Four Ss in a group and finish the chart in warming up in page 1.Step 4.pre-reading Ask the Ss the following Qs”

what do you know about infectious diseases such as cholera ? do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?(Ask the Ss to guess the correct orders of the steps on page 1..)

step 5.read the new words of this unit

Step 6.assignment and home work prepare the text , and check the orders on step 4.Period 2 Step 1.Revision 1.Check the Ss’ homework

(7 Draw a conclusion 3 Think of a method 4Collect results Make up a question 1Find a problem

5Analyse the results

6.Repeat if necessary)2.Check the pronunciation of some new words.Step2.Scanning Read the passage quickly and put the correct stages into the reading about research into a disease.Find a problem:: John Snow was a well-known doctor in London…until its cause was found.Make up a question: He got interested in the two theories…and soon the affected person was dead.Think of a method: He believed in the second theory but…so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.Collect results: He determined to find out why… It seemed the water was to blame.Analyse the results: Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets…that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.Repeat if necessary: In addition, he found…that polluted water carried the disease.Draw a conclusion: To prevent this from happening again,…not to expose people to polluted water anymore.Step 3.Careful reading 1.Ask the Ss to read the text carefully and then finish the chart in Ex.1 on page 3.Scientific Report by John Snow

The problem Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera.The cause Idea 1: strange cloud in the air that attacked victims.Idea 2: people absorbed the disease with their meals.The method

Collect data from the next cholera attack to test theories.Try to prove which method was correct.The results

He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.Idea 1 or 2? Why?

Idea 2.Because the data showed a connection with the water.The conclusion John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known.Step 4.Further Discussion 1.Cholera was a 19th century disease.What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? Why? 2.Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.Step 5.assignment and home work Finish Ex 2 on page 3 after class.Period 3 Step 1.Revision

Check the Ss’ homework

Step 2.Discussion What qualities do you think a scientist should have according to the text ? Such as : Good observation , Patient, Clever and strict, Creative, Careful, Strong Perseverance, determination

Step 3.Language Points 1.Doctor John Snow was so famous that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.約翰斯諾太富盛名了，以致于維多利亞女王生孩子時(shí)都是他去照料，幫助她順利分娩。attend vt.vi.to be present at;go to(meeting, conference, lecture?)出席，參加 He decided to attend the meeting himself.他決定親自赴會(huì)。2)to look after, care for, serve 照顧；看護(hù)

Which doctor is attending(to)you? 哪位醫(yī)生護(hù)理你？ attendance

n.1)the act of attending 照顧

There is a doctor in attendance.有一位醫(yī)生照顧。2)the number of people present 出席人數(shù)

There was a large attendance at the concert.音樂(lè)會(huì)聽(tīng)眾很多。

2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助（那些）受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓，他就感到很振奮。expose to

暴露；受到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Don’t expose yourself to the sun for too long.You’ll get sunburned.別在太陽(yáng)下曬得太久，你會(huì)被曬傷。

It’s very dangerous to be exposed to these viruses without any protection.不加任何保護(hù)，直接暴露在這些病毒下是十分危險(xiǎn)的。

3.He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源前，疫情是無(wú)法控制的。

control

v.to have power over, rule, direct

統(tǒng)治，控制

You are trying to control me as though I were your slave.你是想把我當(dāng)作你的奴隸控制。The government tries its best to control prices.政府努力控制物價(jià)。He cannot control his anger.他無(wú)法抑制自己的憤怒情緒。n.統(tǒng)治，控制，掌握

1)lose control of / be(go)out of control

失去控制

The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.司機(jī)失去控制，車(chē)撞到樹(shù)上。The car was out of control and ran into a wall.車(chē)失去控制，撞到了墻上。2)in control of

在??控制下

Mr Brown is in control of the money.布朗先生管理錢(qián)財(cái)。3)under the control of 被??控制著

This money is under the control of Mr Brown.錢(qián)財(cái)由一位布朗先生掌管。

4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二種看法是在吃飯的時(shí)候人們把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。

suggest經(jīng)常有“建議”的意思，但在這個(gè)句子里的意思是“暗示，間接表明”。The disorganized meeting suggestedbad preparation.混亂的會(huì)場(chǎng)表明準(zhǔn)備工作很差。absorb

vt.& vi.1)to take or suck in(liquids)吸收 A sponge absorbs water.海綿吸水。absorb?into?

吸收

The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.這家大公司漸漸把這些小公司吞并了。

2)to take in(knowledge, ideas)專(zhuān)心于

The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale.這個(gè)小姑娘正在全神貫注地閱讀一篇故事。

5.In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.此外，他還發(fā)現(xiàn)倫敦另一個(gè)地區(qū)有兩個(gè)死亡病例都與寬街暴發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)。

in addition(to)此外（還）

In addition, the course also provides practical experience.此外，這門(mén)課程還提供了實(shí)踐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。We saw a Micky Mouse cartoon in addition to the cowboy movie.我們除了西部牛仔片之外還看了一個(gè)米老鼠動(dòng)畫(huà)片。

link...to?

把??與??連接；聯(lián)系

Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指紋證實(shí)了嫌疑犯的犯罪行為。

6.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty

that polluted water carried the disease.有了這個(gè)證據(jù)，約翰斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布，這種被污染了的水?dāng)y帶著病毒。announce

v.1)to make known publicly 發(fā)表、告知、宣布??

The government announced its new economic policies.政府發(fā)布了新的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。The news was announced to the public on TV.這則消息經(jīng)由電視向大眾宣布。2)to state in a loud voice(the name of a person or thing on arrival, as of people at a party or aircraft at an airport)宣布（客人的名字、到達(dá)等）

His servant announced Mr and Mrs White.他的仆人通報(bào)懷特夫婦駕臨。3)to make clearly known

（事情）顯示??；預(yù)告 Warm sunshine announces the coming

of spring.溫暖的陽(yáng)光預(yù)示春天即將來(lái)到。

7.To prevent this form happening again, John Snow suggested that the source

of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰斯諾建議，所有水源都要經(jīng)過(guò)檢測(cè)，而且要尋找處理污水的新方法。

suggest在此句中是“建議”的意思，它的句型是suggest(that)sb.(should)do sth.I suggested that he should give up smoking.我建議他戒煙。

The chairman suggested the meeting be put off until next week.主席建議會(huì)議延遲到下周舉行。suggest后面還可以接-ing形式或名詞。

Kane suggested leaving early for the airport.凱恩提議早些出發(fā)去機(jī)場(chǎng)。

8.Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.除了上面提到的結(jié)構(gòu)，你們還學(xué)過(guò)以下的一些短語(yǔ)。

apart from

除??之外，相當(dāng)于besides, in addition to。

What do you study apart from English? 除英語(yǔ)外，你還學(xué)些什么？

Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.除了作為一種有趣而且有益的運(yùn)動(dòng)外，游泳還是一項(xiàng)很有用的技能。

Step 4.assignment and home work Ask the Ss to do the Exs on page 36

Period 4 Step 1.Revision 1.Review some language points in the text.2.Review the new words of unit 1

Step 2 check Ex 1 of discovering useful words and expressions Ask some Ss read the passage sentence by sentence.Ex.1: examined

put forward exposed cure immediately

look into announced instruct valuable

Step 3 check Ex 1 of discovering useful words and expressions

Ex.2: make a telephone call

make a decision make a plan

make a contribution make a speech

make a noise make a change

make a description

Step 3.exercise Ask some Ss to tell the meaning of the phrases in Ex 3.Ask the Ss to make sentences with each of phrases.Step 4.assignment and home work

Prepare Discovering useful structures on page 4.Period 5 Step 1.lead-in look at the sentences where the past participle is used in Discovering useful structures, Ex 1 on page 4.ask the Ss to find more examples in the reading passage.Step 2.Grammar study 一.過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)

1．過(guò)去分詞可以置于系動(dòng)詞后做表語(yǔ)。常用的系動(dòng)詞有be, get, become, grow，seem，turn，remain，appear，feel，look，sound等。

e.g.The whole world were shocked at the news of Israel’s killing Yassin，the founder and spiritual leader of Hamas.聽(tīng)到以色列殺害哈馬斯創(chuàng)始人和精神領(lǐng)袖亞辛的消息，全世界都為之震驚。

The case seems（to be)connected with some big shot.這個(gè)案子好像與某個(gè)大人物有關(guān)。

2.常用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有：

interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished，surprised，frightened，excited，moved，inspired，tired，worried，hurt，crowded，gone，broken，dressed，wounded，pleased等。

3.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，既表示被動(dòng)，又表示完成。

e.g.The cup is broken.茶杯破了。

4.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，只表示動(dòng)作的完成。

e.g.He is retired.他已退休。

5.有些過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.這座城市三面環(huán)山。

【注意】過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，主要是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。

系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別。“be＋過(guò)去分詞”可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，也可能是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，區(qū)別如下：

系表結(jié)構(gòu)

強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài) at，with，in等介詞()ur car got trapped in the mud．

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作 by短語(yǔ)表動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 More than 200 people were trapped in the building by the fire．

(1)The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作）

(2)The library is now closed.圖書(shū)館關(guān)門(mén)了。（過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)）

【注意】過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成,-ing 形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。有些動(dòng)詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過(guò)去分詞形式來(lái)修飾人，用-ing 形式來(lái)修飾物。

(3)The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.這本書(shū)很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。

過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)

作定語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，既表被動(dòng)又表完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，只表完成。

1.過(guò)去分詞用作定語(yǔ)，如果是單個(gè)的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。

We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。

2.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。

The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂(lè)會(huì)大為成功。3.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后常有逗號(hào)。

e.g.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì)，到會(huì)的有五千多人。

4.用來(lái)修飾人的過(guò)去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過(guò)去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān)。

e.g.The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。

二.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞用法之異同（1）

現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法異同歷來(lái)是學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)和高考測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)。眾所周知，兩種分詞的區(qū)別很多，但它們之間的根本區(qū)別是：

過(guò)去分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上側(cè)重于被動(dòng)；

而現(xiàn)在分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上側(cè)重于主動(dòng)。

這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細(xì)述如下：

一、分詞作定語(yǔ) 共同點(diǎn)：分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果分詞只是一個(gè)單詞，那么，該分詞就位于其所修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語(yǔ)，那么，該短語(yǔ)就位于其所修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。

不同點(diǎn)：分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。

過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以做定語(yǔ)，區(qū)別如下：

所修飾的 中心詞

及物動(dòng)詞的分詞

不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞

過(guò)去分詞

多為人 表被動(dòng)意義，意為“??的” spoken English，the excited students 表示分詞的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成 fallen leaves(落葉)boiled water(開(kāi)水)

現(xiàn)在分詞 多為事物 表主動(dòng)意義，意為“令人??的" English—speaking countries，exciting news 表示分詞的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 falling leaves(正在飄落的樹(shù)葉)boiling water(正在沸騰的水)

二、分詞作表語(yǔ)

共同點(diǎn)：分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，它起著形容詞的作用。

不同點(diǎn)：分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作的一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。

過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以做表語(yǔ)，區(qū)別如下：

主語(yǔ)

意義

備注

過(guò)去分詞

人 人所處的狀態(tài)或?qū)δ呈碌母杏X(jué)

被動(dòng)意義

現(xiàn)在分詞

事物 事物的特征，意思是“令人??的”

主動(dòng)意義

Step 3.Exercises ask the Ss to complete the table with phrases tha have the same meaning in Ex 2 on page 5 and check the answer for them.ask the Ss to complete the table with phrases tha have the same meaning in Ex 3 on page 5 and check the answer for them.Step 4.assignment and homework Do more exercise about the past participle used as the Attribute and the Predicative

Period 6 Step 1.Warming up Ask the Ss the following Qs Do you know what is the center of the solar system? Can you name the nine planets in the solar system? Nine Planets In the Solar System: Mercury 水星.Venus金星

Earth地球 Mars 火星.Jupiter木星 Saturn土星

Uranus天王星

Neptune海王星 Pluto冥王星

Step 2.Fast reading Ask the Ss to read the passage and find the answer of the following Qs: What did Copernicus think was the center of the solar system?

the sun.2.When did Copernicus publish his theory?

in 1543.Step 3.Careful Reading Use the reading to help you draw the two theories of the universe

1.Before Copernicus’ theory-----A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre.2.Showing Copernicus’ theory------diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre.Step 4.Further reading Why didn’t Copernicus publish his theory before he died?

Step 5 Discussion(pair work)If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Give a reason.Step6.language point

Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.1.You can learn English well only in this way.Only in this way can you learn English well.2.I was a student only then.Only then was I a student Only when one is away from home does one realize how nice home is.But only his new theory could do that

Step 7 Discussion

In pairs discuss what scientific job each of you would like to choose in the future.

第三篇：高二英語(yǔ)必修五Unit 2 The Environment

大 學(xué) 生 執(zhí) 教 聯(lián) 盟 College Students Teaching Union

高二英語(yǔ) 必修五Unit 2 The Environment 一 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)

1.economy n.經(jīng)濟(jì), 節(jié)約, 理財(cái)

economic adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)上的;經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的 economic depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退

economical adj.節(jié)儉的, 合算的, 經(jīng)濟(jì)的

economically adv.節(jié)約地, 節(jié)省地

economize v.節(jié)約, 節(jié)省

economics n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

economist n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)者, 經(jīng)濟(jì)家

2.flow vi流動(dòng),流出；川流不息;流暢;飄垂

The water is ~ing out.水在流出

Tears ~ed from his eyes.淚從他眼里流出 Traffic ~s along the street all day.街上的來(lái)往車(chē)輛整天川流不息 n．(U)流,流水,流動(dòng)；[用單數(shù)]大量的流出,(不斷的)流動(dòng)

the ~ of a river河水的流動(dòng)

a ~ of conversation 滔滔不絕的談話

3.cut back（on）減少，削減，縮減

to cut back on spending 削減開(kāi)支 If we don’t sell more we’ll have to cut back production.拓展：cut sth into sth把某物切成某物

cut sth into halves 或 cut sth in half cut down(1)砍倒； 削減，壓縮，縮減cut down the big tree.Expenses ought to be cut down in every way.You’d better cut the article down to about 2,000 words.cut in 插入，插話cut in on sth

cut off 切斷，隔斷，斷絕。cut out 突然熄火，剪掉，戒掉

cut up 切碎，剁碎

4.production n.生產(chǎn);制作

produce v.生產(chǎn),;創(chuàng)作;制造;生育 producer n.生產(chǎn)者

product n.產(chǎn)品, 結(jié)果

productive adj.生產(chǎn)的;多產(chǎn)的 recycle v.使再循環(huán), 再制, 再利用

recyclable adj.可再循環(huán)的;可回收利用的recycling n.回收;回收利用

greedy adj.貪吃的貪婪的greed n.貪欲, 貪婪

greedily adv.貪心地;貪婪地 responsibility n.責(zé)任,職責(zé),義務(wù) [for,of,to] a sense of ~ 責(zé)任感

take responsibility for….承擔(dān)。。的責(zé)任 responsible adj.需負(fù)責(zé)任的[(+for/to)] ；作為原因(+for)；可信賴(lài)的 She is my child, and I am responsible for her.她是我的孩子,我對(duì)她負(fù)責(zé)。Bad weather is responsible for the poor crop.壞天氣是收成不好的原因。

發(fā) 揮 榜 樣 的 力 量

南京大學(xué) 小于老師：152 9576 6871 小王老師：159 5056 9378 大 學(xué) 生 執(zhí) 教 聯(lián) 盟 College Students Teaching Union a responsible person

一個(gè)有責(zé)任心的人。

responsibly adv.負(fù)責(zé)地;有鑒別力地, 能明辨是非地;有責(zé)任感地

6.environment n.環(huán)境, 圍繞, 外界social ~社會(huì)環(huán)境

one's home ~家庭環(huán)境

the ~自然環(huán)境

protect/preserve the environment保護(hù)環(huán)境

environmental protection 環(huán)境保護(hù) environmental adj.環(huán)境的;有關(guān)環(huán)境的 environmentalism n.環(huán)境保護(hù)論;環(huán)境論 environmentalist n.環(huán)境保護(hù)論者;環(huán)境論者

7.operate vi.工作,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);營(yíng)業(yè),營(yíng)運(yùn);起作用,產(chǎn)生效果[on, upon];動(dòng)手術(shù),開(kāi)刀[(+on/for)]

vt.1.操作;開(kāi)動(dòng)(機(jī)器)等;經(jīng)營(yíng);管理 The machine is not operating properly.His company operates in several countries.他們的公司在外國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng).The medicine ~d quickly(on me).那種藥對(duì)我很快就生效

The surgeon operated on her for a tumor.He had his nose ~d on.他接受鼻子的手術(shù) Elevators are ~d by electricity.電梯是用電操縱的 ~ a coal mine經(jīng)營(yíng)煤礦 operating adj.操作的;外科手術(shù)的operating room /table /system

operation n.操作;經(jīng)營(yíng);手術(shù)

operator n.操作員;總機(jī)接線生;

8.impress vt..給...極深的印象;使感動(dòng)

impression n.印象, 蓋印, 意念

impressionism n.印象主義, 印象批評(píng), 印象派 impressionist n.印象主義者;印象派作家 impressive adj.給人深刻印象的, 感人的

二 短語(yǔ)

1.natural disaster 自然災(zāi)害

2..damage the environment 破壞環(huán)境

3.have a debate about sth.進(jìn)行對(duì)...的辯論/討論

under debate 在辯論/討論中

4.open the floor 自由發(fā)言

have/get/obtain the floor 有/取得發(fā)言權(quán)

5.be(very/deeply)concerned about sth.對(duì)某事很關(guān)注/關(guān)心，擔(dān)心/憂慮

be concerned with sb./sth.關(guān)心...，與...有關(guān)

6.cut back on production 減少生產(chǎn)

發(fā) 揮 榜 樣 的 力 量

南京大學(xué) 小于老師：152 9576 6871 小王老師：159 5056 9378 大 學(xué) 生 執(zhí) 教 聯(lián) 盟 College Students Teaching Union 7.be seen as…

被看作為…

consider/regard/have/treat/count/think of/look on…as…

把…看作… 8.ask around

四下詢(xún)問(wèn)/打聽(tīng)

9.large numbers of

大量的（復(fù)名）

a large number of …= a great/good many…= quite a few…= scores of…

+復(fù)名 a great deal of…= a large amount of…= large amounts of…= quite a little 不可數(shù)名 plenty of = a large quantity of = large quantities of = a lot of = lots of…

不可數(shù)/復(fù)名

10.environmentally friendly 環(huán)保

be friendly to the environment

三 句型

1.With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society,…(L5)

表語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，需完全倒裝。

Seated on the ground are a group of young people.Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi.Happy are those who are contended.注意：在表語(yǔ)置于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意其中的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語(yǔ)保持一致。

2.Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為 方式或伴隨情況等。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié) 果、伴隨情況狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常位于句末。

Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.His father died, leaving him a lot of money.Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.【2011全國(guó)卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful，D_ nothing about the argument.A.says

B.said

C.to say

D.saying 【2011陜西卷,20】More highways have been built in China,_ A

it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.A.making

B.made

C.to make

D.having made 【2011浙江卷,3】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some A a life span of around 20 years.A.having

B had

C.have

D.to have

發(fā) 揮 榜 樣 的 力 量

南京大學(xué) 小于老師：152 9576 6871 小王老師：159 5056 9378 大 學(xué) 生 執(zhí) 教 聯(lián) 盟 College Students Teaching Union

3.The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.（L19-20）

此句中的six times what 是倍數(shù)的固定表達(dá)：倍數(shù)＋what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 目前的產(chǎn)量是十年前的三倍。(times＋what)The production is now three times what it was ten years ago._ 觀察例句思考總結(jié)倍數(shù)的其他表達(dá)方式：1)The box is five times bigger than that one.2)Asia is four times as large as Europe.3)This hall is five times the size of our room.1)整數(shù)＋ times ＋比較級(jí)＋than…

2)整數(shù)＋times ＋as ＋原級(jí)＋as 3)整數(shù)＋times＋ 名詞（the size/width/length/height..）

1）與去年相比，我們的總產(chǎn)量（output）增長(zhǎng)了三倍。

Compared with that of last year, our total output has increased by three times.2)I want to buy a rope which is ______C__ this one.A.twice as longer as B.as twice long as C.twice the length of D.as twice as 3)The town is __D_ than it was before.A.three times as large

B.larger three times

C.as large as three times

D.three times larger

4.However, I do agree that we should produce…（L43）

此句中的do是 助 動(dòng)詞，作用是 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，還可以用 does或did 強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)以外的句子成分用 It is …that /who（句式）。

小試牛刀!

1）我想是我應(yīng)該對(duì)這起意外事故負(fù)責(zé)任的。

2)_____be careful when crossing the street.A.Must B.Should C.Ought to D.Do

3)It ______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ______ I found we had a lot in common.A.was until;when B.was until;that C.wasn’t until;when D.wasn’t until;that

跟蹤訓(xùn)練

一、詞匯拼寫(xiě)

1.Too much work and too little rest often _______(導(dǎo)致)to illness.2.You will _________(危及)your health if you work so hard.3..Plastics today contribute to a wide ________(范圍)of industries.4.That’s just because you can’t __________(欣賞)music.5.Now it’s time _____________(自由發(fā)言),you may air your opinions freely.6.I am afraid we will have to stop at the gas station, we___________(用

發(fā) 揮 榜 樣 的 力 量

南京大學(xué) 小于老師：152 9576 6871 小王老師：159 5056 9378 大 學(xué) 生 執(zhí) 教 聯(lián) 盟 College Students Teaching Union 完)the oil.7.Which of the s______________ of the four is true according the passage.答案：1.leads 2.endanger

3.range

4.appreciate

5.to open the floor

6.will run out of

7.statements

2.用所給詞匯的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.The floor requires _______________(wash).2.He could do nothing but ________out for a walk alone(go).3.I have never heard a single word________ in French(speak).4.Not all children had a chance ___________to school at that time(go).5.The book ________on the table doesn’t belong to me(lie).6.They are practicing _______ the new song(sing).7.I feel like _______him what I think of him(tell).8.We’d better keep a secret of the things ________here now(discuss).9.Hurry up!Mother is sure to _______us at home(wait for).10.Do you think the situation ____________(encourage)? 答案：1.washing/to be washed

2.go

3.spoken

4.to go

5.lying

6.singing

7.telling

8.being discussed 9.be waiting for 10.encouraging

發(fā) 揮 榜 樣 的 力 量

南京大學(xué) 小于老師：152 9576 6871 小王老師：159 5056 9378

第四篇：必修五

語(yǔ)文蘇教版必修五文學(xué)常識(shí)匯總

溫馨提示：識(shí)記時(shí)重點(diǎn)記憶下劃波浪線的部分 《人類(lèi)起源及性的選擇》等。恩格斯認(rèn)為達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化理論是19世紀(jì)自然科學(xué)的三大發(fā)現(xiàn)（能量守恒和轉(zhuǎn)化定律、細(xì)胞學(xué)說(shuō)和進(jìn)化論）之一。1882年4月19日當(dāng)他逝世以后，人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)對(duì)他的敬仰，把他安葬在另一位科學(xué)界偉大人物牛頓的墓旁，享受著一個(gè)自然科學(xué)家的最高榮譽(yù)。、《生物學(xué)碎錦》等。

⑶《景泰藍(lán)的制作》的作者是葉圣陶，原名葉紹鈞，字秉臣。江（短篇小說(shuō)）他是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上最早寫(xiě)童話的作家。由南朝梁武帝的長(zhǎng)子蕭統(tǒng)組織文人共同編選。蕭統(tǒng)死后謚“昭明”，所以他主編的這部文選稱(chēng)作《昭明文選》。

⑸古詩(shī)文常常在篇名上反映出文體特點(diǎn)，如《琵琶行》、《夢(mèng)游天姥吟留別》、《捕蛇者說(shuō)》、《岳陽(yáng)樓記》、《諫太宗十思疏》、《蘭亭集序》、《赤壁賦》、《陳情表》等。山人。有《震川文集》。其散文風(fēng)格樸實(shí)，感情真摯，是明代唐宋派的代表作家。有人把歸有光與歐陽(yáng)修比較，推崇他為明代第一散文家。統(tǒng)屬于一個(gè)宮調(diào)的成套的散曲。元雜劇是元代用北曲演唱的一種戲曲形式。它是在金院本和諸宮調(diào)的基礎(chǔ)上，廣泛吸收了多種詞曲和技藝一本基本上由正末或正旦一種角色唱到底。以正末主唱的稱(chēng)為。都（今北京）人。所作雜劇，據(jù)《錄鬼簿》著錄有十四種，現(xiàn)僅存三（全名為《崔鶯鶯待月西廂記》）（全名為《呂蒙正風(fēng)雪破窯記》））。其中最著名的是《西廂記》，它是王實(shí)甫的代表作，在元代和明代就為人推 1

王實(shí)甫善于以古典詩(shī)詞醞釀氣氛，鍛煉字句，創(chuàng)造出詩(shī)一般的動(dòng)人意境，形成十分優(yōu)雅有風(fēng)格。他和關(guān)漢卿分別開(kāi)創(chuàng)了中國(guó)戲曲史上文采和本色兩個(gè)流派。

趙景深在《明刊本西廂記研究·序》中稱(chēng)“《西廂記》和《紅樓夢(mèng)》是中國(guó)古典文藝中的雙璧”。

⑼元雜劇的四大悲劇是指關(guān)漢卿的《竇娥冤》、馬致遠(yuǎn)的《漢宮秋》、白樸的《梧桐雨》、紀(jì)君祥的《趙氏孤兒》。⑽元曲四大家：關(guān)漢卿（代表作《竇娥冤》）、鄭光祖（代表作《倩女離魂》）、白樸（代表作《墻頭馬上》）和馬致遠(yuǎn)（代表作《漢宮秋》）四人代表了元代不同時(shí)期不同流派雜劇創(chuàng)作的成就，并稱(chēng)為元曲四大家。（切記王實(shí)甫不在元曲四大家之列）⑾莎士比亞，英國(guó)著名的劇作家和詩(shī)人。其主要成就是戲劇，作品有悲劇《羅密歐與朱麗葉》、《哈姆雷特》、《奧賽羅》、《李爾王》、《麥克白》（又譯為麥克佩斯）等，喜劇《威尼斯商人》、《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》、《第十二夜》、《皆大歡喜》等，歷史劇《理查三世》、《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》等。其中《哈姆雷特》、《奧賽羅》、《李爾王》、《麥克白》被稱(chēng)做莎士比亞的“四大悲劇”。馬克思稱(chēng)他為“人類(lèi)最偉大的戲劇天才”。

⑿《舊時(shí)的時(shí)光》是世界名歌，后來(lái)成為影片《魂斷藍(lán)橋》的插曲。⒀《箭與歌》的作者是美國(guó)詩(shī)人朗費(fèi)羅。其作品還有《生命頌》、《伊凡吉林》等。

⒁《別離》的作者是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代作家馮至，其作品還有《昨日之歌》、《山水》等。⒂司馬遷，字子長(zhǎng)，西漢史學(xué)家，文學(xué)家。他發(fā)憤寫(xiě)作，用了13年時(shí)間，終于完成了一部光耀千古的輝煌巨著——《史記》。他著《史記》的目的是“究天人之際，窮古今之變，成一家之言”。這部前無(wú)古人的著作，幾乎耗盡了他畢生的心血，是他用生命寫(xiě)成的。

⒃《史記》原名《太史公記》、是我國(guó)第一部紀(jì)傳體（以人物為中心的敘史方式）通史，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了紀(jì)傳體和書(shū)表的編寫(xiě)體例。它記敘了自傳說(shuō)中的黃帝到漢武帝太初年間約三千年的歷史，規(guī)模宏大，貫通古今。全書(shū)共130篇，52萬(wàn)6千余字，分本紀(jì)（記歷代帝王政跡，12篇）、列傳（記重要?dú)v史人物的言行事功，70篇）、世家（記諸侯興亡，30篇）、表（記大事年月，10篇）、書(shū)（記各種典章制度，8篇）五種體例。

后人對(duì)《史記》評(píng)價(jià)極高。史家之絕唱，無(wú)韻之離騷。——魯迅（《漢文學(xué)史綱要》）

中國(guó)有兩大部大書(shū)，一曰《史記》，一曰《資治通鑒》，都是有才氣的人在政治上不得志時(shí)的發(fā)奮之作。——毛澤東 ⒄《二十四史》是由清代乾隆皇帝欽定的自《史記》到《明史》的24其前四史是司馬遷的《史記》、班固的《漢書(shū)》、范曄的《后漢書(shū)》、陳壽的《三國(guó)志》。北宋司馬光主持編寫(xiě)的編年體通史《資治通鑒》（書(shū)名意思是“鑒于往事，資于治道”，即吸引歷代興衰成敗的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，作為封建統(tǒng)治者治理國(guó)家的借鑒）不屬于《二十四史》。⒅屈原，名平，字原，號(hào)靈均，戰(zhàn)國(guó)末期楚國(guó)人，是楚王后代。他開(kāi)創(chuàng)了詩(shī)歌由集體歌唱到個(gè)人獨(dú)立創(chuàng)作的新紀(jì)元，是我國(guó)第一位偉大的愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人，是我國(guó)積極浪漫主義詩(shī)歌的奠基人，也是世界四大文化名人（波蘭的哥白尼、英國(guó)的莎士比亞、意大利的但丁、中國(guó)的屈原）之一。其作品有《離騷》（古典文學(xué)中最長(zhǎng)的抒情詩(shī)，其代表作）、《九歌》、《天問(wèn)》、《九章》等，全收在《楚辭》里。⒆《楚辭》是繼《詩(shī)經(jīng)》后的又一部詩(shī)歌總集，由西漢劉向編輯，收集了戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)楚國(guó)人屈原、宋玉（合稱(chēng)屈宋）的作品及西漢人淮南小山、東方朔等人模仿屈宋的文章而寫(xiě)的作品。

⒇魯迅，字豫才，原名周樹(shù)人，浙江紹興人。我國(guó)現(xiàn)代偉大的文學(xué)家、思想家和革命家。“魯迅”是他1918年發(fā)表中國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上第一篇白話小說(shuō)《狂人日記》時(shí)所用的筆名。

小說(shuō)集是《吶喊》、《彷徨》和歷史小說(shuō)集《故事新編》。《吶喊》包括《狂人日記》、《阿Q正傳》（魯迅唯一的一部中篇小說(shuō)）、《故鄉(xiāng)》、《孔已己》、《社戲》、《藥》等14篇作品；《彷徨》包括《祝福》、《傷逝》等11篇作品；《故事新編》包括《補(bǔ)天》、《奔月》、《理水》等8篇作品。

散文集是《朝花夕拾》，包括《從百草園到三味書(shū)屋》、《藤野先生》等10篇作品；散文詩(shī)集是《野草》。雜文集16部。

翻譯了俄國(guó)作家果戈里的《死魂靈》，前蘇聯(lián)作家法捷耶夫的《毀滅》等作品。

（21）培根，英國(guó)哲學(xué)家，主要作品有《培根論人生》。

（22）塞萬(wàn)提斯，西班牙作家，世界文豪。《堂·吉訶德》是其代表作，是一部膾炙人口的世界名著，是歐洲長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)發(fā)展史上的一座里程碑。譯者是。其它作品有《伽拉苔亞》、《訓(xùn)誡小說(shuō)》等。

（23）契訶夫是十九世紀(jì)后期俄國(guó)杰出的批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家，與美國(guó)的歐·亨利、法國(guó)的莫泊桑并稱(chēng)“世界短篇小說(shuō)三巨匠”。主要作品有短篇小說(shuō)《套中人》、《變色龍》、《萬(wàn)卡》等，劇本《萬(wàn)尼亞舅舅》、《櫻桃園》等。

（24）卡夫卡，奧地利作家，與馬塞爾·普魯斯特、詹姆斯·喬伊斯等并稱(chēng)為西方現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)的先驅(qū)和大師。其短篇小說(shuō)《變形記》、《鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生》等和三部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《審判》、《城堡》、《美國(guó)》，給讀者留下了不可磨滅的印象。《變形記》的主人公是格里高爾。

（25）錢(qián)鐘書(shū)，字默存，號(hào)槐聚，江蘇無(wú)錫人，中國(guó)現(xiàn)代學(xué)者、作家。著有散文集《寫(xiě)在人生邊上》、詩(shī)論《談藝錄》、短篇小說(shuō)集《人獸鬼》、長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《圍城》和學(xué)術(shù)巨著《管錐編》。

《圍城》是錢(qián)鐘書(shū)先生1947年寫(xiě)就的一部以愛(ài)情婚姻為主題的小說(shuō)，取意為“婚姻就像一座圍城，城外的人想進(jìn)來(lái)，城里的人想出去”。文中那些精妙絕倫的比喻和幽默辛辣的諷刺耐人尋味。這部小說(shuō)被譽(yù)為“新《儒林外史》”，已被譯成世界上多種文字。小說(shuō)的主人公是方

26）莊子，名周，戰(zhàn)國(guó)中期宋國(guó)人。先秦著名的哲學(xué)家、文學(xué)世稱(chēng)“老莊”“安時(shí)而處順”“知其無(wú)可奈何而安之若命”“清凈無(wú)為”。政治上主張無(wú)為而治，反對(duì)一切社會(huì)制度，擯棄一切文化知識(shí)。莊子的思想屬于主觀唯心主義。

莊子的文章，想像奇幻，構(gòu)思巧妙，善用寓言和比喻，文筆汪洋恣肆，具有浪漫主義的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。

魯迅先生說(shuō):“其文汪洋辟闔，儀態(tài)萬(wàn)方，晚周諸子之作，莫能先也。”（《漢文學(xué)史綱要》）

郭沫若說(shuō)：“以思想家而兼文章家的人，在中國(guó)古代哲人中，實(shí)在是絕無(wú)僅有。”（《莊子與魯迅》）

（27）《莊子》又稱(chēng)《南華經(jīng)》，是莊子和他的門(mén)人以及后學(xué)者所33篇，包括內(nèi)篇7門(mén)人及后學(xué)所寫(xiě)。用藝術(shù)形象來(lái)闡明哲學(xué)道理是《莊子》的一大特色，在文學(xué)方面，《逍遙游》是《莊子·內(nèi)篇》的第一篇，不僅代表了作者的根本

（28人所盛贊和傳頌。他的隸書(shū)，史書(shū)稱(chēng)“為古今之冠”。

（29）帕斯卡爾，法國(guó)思想家、科學(xué)家、文學(xué)家。他的《思想錄》與蒙田的《隨筆集》散文三大經(jīng)典。

（30、《實(shí)踐理性批判》。

（3120世紀(jì)最知名、最有影響力的哲學(xué)家”之一。在1950年他獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，被稱(chēng)為“百科全書(shū)式文學(xué)家”。

（32）朱光潛，筆名孟實(shí)，安徽桐城人，中國(guó)現(xiàn)代學(xué)者。著有《談美書(shū)簡(jiǎn)》、《西方美學(xué)史》等。

第五篇：必修五

必修五

1忍無(wú)可忍；再也忍受不下去了。

2逼上梁山 ； 比喻被迫起來(lái)反抗。現(xiàn)也比喻被迫采取某種行動(dòng)。

3垂頭喪氣；形容因失敗或不順利而情緒低落、萎蘼不振的樣子

4沒(méi)精打采；形容精神不振，提不起勁頭

5興高采烈；原指文章志趣高尚，言詞犀利。后多形容興致高，精神飽滿。

6平心靜氣；心情平和，態(tài)度冷靜。

7理所當(dāng)然；按道理應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣。

8正大光明；心懷坦白，言行正派

9【物華天寶】原指萬(wàn)物的光華，天上的寶氣。形容各種珍貴的物品。

10【人杰地靈】。意指人使地增色，地因人而著名。即杰出的人物出生或到過(guò)的地方，便成為名勝之地，或指杰出人物生于靈秀之地。

11【勝友如云】才智出眾的朋友們?cè)萍惶帯?/p>

12【高朋滿座滿座盡是高貴的賓朋。

13【騰蛟起鳳】象蛟龍騰越，鳳凰起舞。比喻文辭奇巧優(yōu)美，才華橫溢。

14【鐘鳴鼎食】吃飯時(shí)，奏樂(lè)列鼎。形容貴族和富貴人家豪華奢侈的生活。

15【云銷(xiāo)雨霽】云消雨散。指滿天的云雨頓時(shí)消散，形容已經(jīng)逝去的一切都不會(huì)再回來(lái)了。16【響遏行云】。聲音高入云霄，把浮動(dòng)著的云彩也阻止了。形容歌聲嘹亮有力，悅耳動(dòng)聽(tīng)。17【天高地迥】迥：遙遠(yuǎn)。形容天地之間廣闊無(wú)邊。

18【興盡悲來(lái)】高興的勁兒過(guò)去了，使人悲苦的事又來(lái)了。

19【萍水相逢】萍：在水面上浮生的一種蕨類(lèi)植物，隨水漂泊，聚散不定。浮萍在水里偶然相遇。比喻從來(lái)不相識(shí)的人偶然相遇。

20【馮唐易老】比喻仕宦不得志。

21【老當(dāng)益壯】當(dāng)：應(yīng)當(dāng)。益：更加。原指年紀(jì)老而志氣應(yīng)當(dāng)更壯。

22【窮且益堅(jiān)】也作“窮當(dāng)益堅(jiān)”。窮：不得志。益：更加。處境困難而意志應(yīng)當(dāng)更加堅(jiān)定。

23.【涸轍之鮒】涸：水干，枯竭。轍：車(chē)轍。鮒：鯽魚(yú)。干枯的車(chē)轍里的鯽魚(yú)。比喻處于困境急待救援的人。

24.【失之東隅，收之桑榆】東隅：東方，日出處，指早上。桑榆：西方；日落時(shí)，余光落在桑樹(shù)和榆樹(shù)之間；指晚上。早上有所失，晚上則有所得。比喻這個(gè)時(shí)候失敗了，另一個(gè)時(shí)候得到補(bǔ)償。

25【一介書(shū)生】一介：一個(gè)。舊時(shí)讀書(shū)人自稱(chēng)。或?qū)σ话阕x書(shū)人的雅稱(chēng)。

26【投筆從戎】投：扔掉，放棄。筆：筆桿子，指文墨生涯。從戎：參軍。指棄文就武，放棄文墨生涯去參加軍隊(duì)。

27【高山流水】原指含蓄在古琴曲里的兩種喻意。后用以比喻知音或知己。

28【盛筵難再】盛：盛大。筵：筵席。盛大的筵席難以再得。

29【陸海潘江】陸、潘：晉朝的文學(xué)家陸機(jī)、潘岳。本是稱(chēng)頌陸機(jī)和潘岳文才很高。后用以稱(chēng)頌學(xué)識(shí)淵博，才華橫溢的人。

30鵬程萬(wàn)里：相傳鵬鳥(niǎo)能飛萬(wàn)里路程。比喻前程遠(yuǎn)大。

31不近人情；不合乎人的常情。也指性情或言行怪僻。

32扶搖直上；形容上升很快。比喻仕途得意。

33.孤苦伶仃；孤獨(dú)困苦，無(wú)依無(wú)靠

煢煢孓立 ；孤獨(dú)無(wú)依的樣子。

形影相吊； 只有自己的身子和影子在一起互相慰問(wèn)。形容非常孤單，沒(méi)有伴侶。36日薄西山；太陽(yáng)接近西山。比喻人已經(jīng)衰老或事物衰敗腐朽，臨近死亡。

氣息奄奄 ；形容人即將斷氣、死亡的樣子。也比喻事物衰敗沒(méi)落，即將滅亡。

38朝不謀夕 ； 亦作“朝不慮夕。”早晨不能謀及晚上。形容形勢(shì)或事情危急，只能顧及眼前，無(wú)暇作長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)打算。

39烏鳥(niǎo)私情；比喻侍奉尊親的孝心。

40結(jié)草銜環(huán) ；亦作“銜環(huán)結(jié)草”。原是古代兩個(gè)受恩報(bào)答的故事。比喻感恩報(bào)德，至死不忘。

41皇天后土； 古人對(duì)天地的尊稱(chēng)，君履后土而戴皇天,皇天后土,實(shí)聞君之言。42人命危淺； 指人的壽命不長(zhǎng)了，隨時(shí)都會(huì)死亡。

43咬文嚼字：形容過(guò)分地斟酌字句。多指死扣字眼而不注意精神實(shí)質(zhì)。

44學(xué)富五車(chē)；形容讀書(shū)多，學(xué)識(shí)豐富。

45才高八斗；比喻人極有才華。

46心有余悸；危險(xiǎn)的事情雖然過(guò)去了，回想起來(lái)心里還害怕。

47流毒無(wú)窮；比喻禍害非常嚴(yán)重的事物

補(bǔ)充

1走投無(wú)路：無(wú)路可走。比喻處境非常困難。

2咀嚼鑒賞：細(xì)細(xì)品味和欣賞。

3張冠李戴：比喻弄錯(cuò)了對(duì)象或弄錯(cuò)了事實(shí)。

4信口開(kāi)河：隨口亂說(shuō)一氣

5深?lèi)和唇^：厭惡、痛恨到了極點(diǎn)。

6不即不離：不靠近也不分離。

7錙銖必較：對(duì)極小的事都計(jì)較

8得魚(yú)忘筌：筌是用來(lái)捕魚(yú)的，得了魚(yú)，就忘了筌。比喻達(dá)到目的后就忘了原來(lái)的憑借。9熟能生巧：熟練了就能掌握技巧或竅門(mén)。

10游刃有余：比喻技術(shù)熟練，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，解決問(wèn)題毫不費(fèi)力