第一篇：高考英語閱讀理解中的長難句

高考英語閱讀理解中的長難句分析-

再復雜的復合句，只要能恰當地運用句法知識進性結構和功能分析，就可突破其含義，準確地理解短文大意，獲取重要信息。

一、抓住結構引導詞分析其長難句結構和功能

任何一個復雜長句都不外乎由一個或多個并列結構和復合句構成。并列結構一般有連詞and，but，or等連接；復合句按其在句中的作用可分為名詞性從句、形容詞性從句(定語從句)和副詞性從句(狀語從句)三大類。任何一個復合句都有一個至幾個反應邏輯、意義及結構關系的引導詞，找出這些引導詞就能分析出復合句的完整句子結構，清理出完整意義。平時要注意積累表示各種邏輯關系的連詞和短語。表示目的：

so that，for the purpose that，in order that等；表示結果：so…that…，such…that…，as a result，therefore，thus等；表示條件：if，on condition that，unless等；表示原因：because，since，as等。

【例l】Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only and work better．(NMETl995 C篇)

析：這是一個含有that引導的表語從句的復合句。并且表語從句后接了which 引導的非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句內有not only…but also…連接的并列結構。句意：噪音消除系統應用的另一好處就是沒有必要使用消聲器．這不僅減輕了轎車的重量。而且使發動機耗油更少，運轉更好。

【例2】We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields，Normans were doing most of the eating．(NMET2001D篇)

析：whether…or…表示判斷選擇的搭配結構，which 引出定語從句，指代前文中的事實，that引出同位語從句，while里，還是即將就廚。這表明撒可遜農民干的是農活而上層的諾曼人干的是吃喝。

【例3】A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car，as the owner，you have to pay for any damage done to the car，even if your dog has been killed in the accident．(NMETl997 C篇)

析：該句前半部分explain接what引導的賓語從句：后半部分對此進行具體解釋，其中，在主句前后各有一個if導的條件狀語從句和even if引導的讓步狀語從句。as the owner是插入語。句意：一個瑞典Kennel俱樂部的官員解釋了這項(法律)的含義，如果你的狗跑到公路上被汽車撞了。作為主人。即使你的狗被撞死了，你也要為被撞壞的汽車做出賠償。

【例4】，found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw(縮回)my full fist without dropping the prize SO dearly won．(2005全國I卷E篇)

析：全句是由and連接的兩個并列分句，在前半句中含有which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句．在定語從句中，means后接賓語從句，意為―首先，我必在葉叢中找到紅的西紅柿，這意味著我差不多要倒立了‖。在后半句中once found為一省略they are的時狀語從句。主句中reach，pick，withdraw為并列謂語動詞，意為―一旦發現，我必須伸手到底下摘西紅柿，然后縮回來，而不把用這么昂貴的方式得來的獎品弄丟‖。

【例5】It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computersjust about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when an e-mail is introduced，the printers start working overtime.That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet．

析：此句夾雜較復雜的句型結構。although引導的讓步狀語從句中，主干部分為just about anyone can tell you that…在that引導的賓語從句中又含有when引導的時間狀語從句。句意：由于因特網的使用。計算機所使用的紙張的數量是很難衡量的，然而幾乎任何在辦公室工作的人都能告訴你。當引進電子郵件后，打印機就開始超時工作。也就是說近年來人們對于紙張的日益需求主要是由于越來越多的使用因特網。

【例6】These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for tings and ideas that we simply can't think of．

析：后句包含兩個定語從句，一個是由which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾words；一個是由that引導的定語從句修飾things and ideas。該句意為：這些字是我編造的，必定代表我們沒有想到的事物和主意。

二、抓主干、剔從句

一個句子的支架就是句中的謂語動詞。根據英語中五種基本句型結構，把句子中的主語、賓語、表語等主要成分找出來，其他成分如定語、狀語、補語等則一目了然易于理解。一些長句其實就是一個由主句和若干個狀語從句 1

組成的一個多層次主從復合句，一定要搞清主句和狀語從句之間的邏輯關系，只要把邏輯關系搞清楚了，則長難句就好對付了。如果把各個從句剔出來單獨理解，再把大意拼湊起來，構成整個

長句的意思，就可降低長句的理解難度。如：

【例1】(2005全國I卷E篇)

析：句子主干部分為one tiny 9-inch plant has already taken over much of my rose bed and…。bought短語、covering短語分別作定語和狀語。句意：一個在春天時花$1．25買的九英寸植物已經接管了我的玫瑰苗圃，覆蓋了我的其他植物。正在向前門發展。

【例2】 Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest ．(2005全國I卷D篇1

析：句子主干部分為Lewis found that…，在that引導的賓語從句中，含有兩個who引導的定語從句。修飾 the oldest child和the youngest。句意：萊溫斯發現在有三、四個孩子的家庭里，晚餐的談話焦點往往是年齡最大和最小的孩子。最大的總是有許多的東西要說，而最小的則需要最多的關照。

【例3】 that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer..(NMET2002春招D篇)析：第一個that引出賓語從句，第二個that引出定語從句。第三個that引出同位語從句。句意：Pasteur發現(賓語從句)在酒發酵之后，再加溫幾分鐘，能殺死殘留在酒中的酵母(定語從句)，其結果能使酒的保鮮時間更長(同位語從句。

【例4】 family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation．(NMET2002春招E篇)

析：在這個句子中，what引出主語從句。who引出定語從句，is后用that引出兩個并列表語從句。句意：關于那個救了他的命的19歲的人(定語從句)winter知道的僅僅是，(主語從句)他死于一場車禍(表語從句1)，他的家人尊重他的意愿把他的器官捐獻出來，用于移植(表語從句2)。

【例5】working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able t study at the Ecole polytechnique.(03C篇)析：句子主干部分為the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，過去分詞短語put forward by…作狀語，現在分詞短語including…作定語，短語中含有兩個由wh0引導的定語從句。句意：這個定理．先是由十七世紀法國數學家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數學大師為難。包括一位法國女科學家，她在解決這個難題方面取得了重大的進展，她為了能夠在伊科爾理工學院學習曾女扮男裝。

三、抓關鍵詞

關鍵詞即為含有句子主要意思的關鍵信息，抓住關鍵詞讀者可以快速抓住該句大意和理解線索。

【例1】Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the program and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet，whether it be cat, dog or snake!(NMET2003C篇)

析：關鍵詞：fans…愛好者．whether…or…無論是……還是……句意：來自動物醫院(這個電視節目)的故事(這本書)，將使這個電視節目的愛好者以及對無論是貓、狗還是蛇這類寵物有濃厚興趣的任何人感到高興。

【例2】After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure．

析：句中含兩個分詞短語，關鍵詞state―表明‖。句意：在他們逗留之后。所有的游客都會收到一份生存證明記錄他們的成功．也就是說當游客離開小冰屋旅館時，他們會得到一份證明．表明他們曾嘗試過冒險。

【例3】白領雇員), who can afford white—collar employees．

析：關鍵詞：rest in依賴，in other words換句話說。句意：主要的市場因素取決于白領工人的人數增加，這些人付得起這種新型服務。換句話說，上海的汽車出租行業發展如此快，主要是因為白領工人人數的增加。

四、恢復原來面貌，理解創新句型

難句的另一種形式是各種創新句型，主要形式有省略、插入語、前置、倒裝、強調、被動、雙重否定等結構。我們可以利用還原法和消原法，還復雜句型以本來面目，以求順利理解。

【例1】Excused from recycling(回收利用)because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute(垃圾道)（00E篇)析：分析句子結構及語法功能不難發現該句為省略句，可補充還原為：Are you excused from recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute?你住在帶垃圾通道的高層樓房上就可獲準不參與回收利用垃圾嗎?

【例2】Betty, shrugs.Talk? We’re friends．(NMET2001 E篇)

析：該句為省略句，根據上下文作者因妻子長時間跟女友談話而感到納悶的情節，該句可補充還原為：Betty shrugs.Why are we talking so long? We’re friends．貝蒂聳了聳肩，為什么我們談這么久?我們是朋友。

【例3】 ―Most women, ‖says Rubin, ―identified(認定)at least one, usually more, trusted friends to whom they could turn in a troubled moment, and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives．‖(NMET01 E篇)析：該句為由并列連詞and連接的并列復合句。前半分句主謂部分被says Rubin分開，且含有一個由to whom引導的定語從句．turn to中介詞to前置。Rubin說多數女子會認定至少一個．通常多個，可信賴的朋友，以便在處境困難時去求助。

【例4】 No longer will the public accept the old attitude of ―Buy it．throw it away，and forget it．‖(01 C篇)

析：本句為倒裝句，可還原成：The public will no longer accept the old attitude of ―Buy it，throw it away，and forget it‖．公眾們不再接受―購產品、丟產品、忘產品‖的舊觀點。

【例5】How is it t hat the can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking, go out to a ballgame，come back three and a half hours later, and they’re still sitting on the sofa ,talking?(NMET2001 E篇)

析：這是一個it強調句型的疑問句，that后有兩個由and連接的并列分句，前一并列分句為leave，go out, come back為并列的謂語動詞。句中的兩個talking作狀語表示伴隨動作。的愛心的狗能成為無判斷力的(忠實的)聽者，這是剛開始搞閱讀的小孩所需要的。

Part A

1.Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often suffered from a harmless disease which they caught from the cattle, but these people never seemed to get smallpox.(上海1997 B篇)

2.My parents wanted to know if I was sure, if I knew what it meant and whether I realized that if I gave up my job training，it would be very difficult to get a good job．(上海1997 A篇)

3.Victor Prozorov’s disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present，some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the computer---a better chess player．(NMETl991 C篇)

4.Decision is not unlike poker – it often matter not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.(NMET2000C篇)

5.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.(NMET2003B篇)

6．Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used.7．In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.8.Discrimination(歧視)isn’t their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因)develops symptoms(癥狀)during middle age，and doctors can do nothing to help.9.I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our

nonrenewable(不能再生的)resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.10.However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生)graduate with the belief that the prospective(預期的)workplace may not have a place for them..11.His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（無知地）enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates

International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.12.I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not，change was unavoidable.13.They also found that the bus conductor had a major role in preventing vandalism（故意破壞行為），and at the times he went up the stairs to the upper deck to collect fares，vandalism did not often occur.14.Such tasks are generally important in their outcome，which only adds to the pressure to do good job，and yet their very complexity makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin.15.Today it is not unusual for a student，even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer，to have $5,000 in loans(貸款)after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation.16.What emerges(浮現)is a picture of an environment where the emphasis is on managing the technology as it spies on people doing their jobs，rather than promoting quality service to customers and providing a fair workplace.17.Justice does demand that murderers be punished.And common sense demands that society be protected from them.But neither justice nor self-preservation demands that we kill men whom we have already imprisoned.Part B

1.Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present.The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more

effective cough treatment，―while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的)it can have a major effect on the quality of life and‖ this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，‖ said Professor Peter Barnes.(08全國 ll D篇)實例： 53.According to Professor Barnes，theobromine______.A.cannot be as effective as codeineB.can be harmful to people’s health

C.cannot be separated from chocolateD.can be a more effective cure for coughs

2.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth’s surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth’s surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet.(NMET 2008 江蘇卷B篇)

實例： 60.Only a small part of the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s surface because most of it is______.A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere

C.lost in the upper and lower atmosphereB.reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere D.used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes

3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment(Kids F.A.C.E.)in 1989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the world’s largest youth environmental organization.(NMET 2008 山東卷D篇)

實例：72.Kids F.A.C.E is______.A.a program to help students with writingB.a project of litter recycling

C.a campaign launched by President BushD.a club of environmental protection

73.What can we learn about Poe?

A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.B.She donated billboard across the country.C.She got positive responses for her effortsD.She joined the National Park Service.4.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同齡人)group.(08 遼寧卷C篇)實例： 64.Why did Tom give up studying?

A.He disliked his teachers.C.It’s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.B.His parents no longer supported him.D.There were too many subjects in his secondary school.5.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品)that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008重慶卷E篇)實例：73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?

A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.6.As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had ―seven fathers，‖ because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her.Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避)into books.Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.(NMET 2008天津卷A篇)

實例：36.Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?

A.She had seven brothers.B.She felt herself a nobody.C.She was too shy to go to school.D.She did not have any good teachers.7.They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Or，in summer，they may think it is the heat.However，the real reason lies inside their bodies.At that time —about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down.This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.(NMET 2008 四川卷C篇)

實例：44.Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?

A.They eat too much for lunch.B.They sleep too little at night.C.Their body temperature becomes lower.D.The weather becomes a lot warmer.8.These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills，while more women speech skills.It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先)，among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt，according to one research.(NMET 2008陜西卷E篇)

實例：59.Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?

A.Young boys may be stronger than young girls.B.More women take up jobs requiring speech skills

C.Women may have stronger feelings than men.D.Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.9.In those days，IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it.However，a lot of IP，including songs，films，books and artwork，can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet.(NMET2008江西卷D篇)

實例： 69.What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?

A.It makes IP rights harder to protect.B.It sells songs and films.C.It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.D.It prevents the production of artwork.70.According to paragraph 2，what has ―taken the world by storm‖?

A.Intellectual property rights.B.The Internet.C.Free downloading.D.The large number of songs，films and books.10.The busier we are，the more important we seem to ourselves and，we imagine，to others.To be unavailable to our friends and family，and to be unable to find time to relax—this has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖北卷D篇)實例：74.According to Paragraph 4，a successful person is one who is believed to ____.A.be able to work without stressB.be more talented than other people

C.be more important than anyone elseD.be busy working without time to rest

11.The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account those people most at risk for skin cancer—people with fair skin and freckles(雀斑)，for example—are more likely to use sunscreen.As a result，it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.(NMET 2008福建卷E篇)實例：73.People with fair skin and freckles______.A.seldom use sunscreenB.are more in danger of skin cancer

C.can be free from the harm of the sunD.often expose themselves to the sun

12.Yocum and Bell，who have just completed an art gallery for the city，feel that the experience from decoration of their building，focusing on the inside rather than the outside，has influenced their work.It has also given these architects a chance to show how they can make more out of less.(NMET 2008湖南卷B篇)

實例：63.It can be inferred from the passage that Yocum and Bell______.A.benefited a lot from pulling down the roofB.turned more old buildings into art galleries

D.paid more attention to the outside of the galleryC.got inspiration from decorating their old building

Part B答案

1—2 DC3.D C 4.C5.C6.B7.C8 B.9AC10.D11.B12.C

第二篇：2010-2018年英語高考全國卷中長難句及解析

2010-2018年全國卷長難句

1、(2018全國卷1閱讀B)And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.譯文： 這位“早安，英國”的電視節目主持人說，她能夠在自己的家里把許多學到的東西付諸實踐，為14歲的兒子山姆，13歲的芬恩，和11歲的杰克準備膳食。

分析：這是一個多重復合句，主句And the Good Morning Britain presenter says后面跟的是省略了that的賓語從句。賓語從句本身也是復合句，其中what she's learnt 也是賓語從句，preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11是-ing形式做伴隨狀語。

2、(2018全國卷1閱讀C)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.譯文：一般的規律是，溫和地帶的通常為許多人所使用的語言相對較少，而炎熱潮濕地帶的語言較多，通常為少數人所使用。

分析：這是一個復合句，句中that引導一個表語從句；從句中often spoken by many people和often spoken by small numbers為-ed形式做定語，分別修飾few languages和lots。同時while在句中做并列連詞，意為“然而”，表示對比。

3、(2018全國卷1七選五)A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.譯文：懂得這樣處理自己居所的顏色選擇是營造你喜愛房間的關鍵步驟之一。

分析：這是一個主從復合句。you’ll love to live in修飾先行詞rooms, 省略了關系代詞that/which。steps后的to 是介詞，所以跟-ing形式creating。、(2018全國卷1完形填空)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and ,eventually, to our lives.譯文：按照其他標準，要讓這門課過關，我們必須寫一篇論文，論述我們如何計劃將所學的知識運用到將來的職業中，最終，運用到我們的生活中。

分析：這是一個主從復合句。how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to...用作介詞on的賓語從句，其中what we would learn in class to...又用作apply的賓語從句。In order to pass the class為動詞不定式短語作目的狀語，among other criteria為介詞短語，作方式狀語。

5、(2018全國卷1語法填空)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening lifethan walking, cycling or swimming.譯文：雖然定期跑步并不能讓你長生不老，但該評論稱，它比散步、騎車或游泳更能延長壽命。分析：這是一個主從復合句。While引導的是一個讓步狀語從句，這里相當于Although。the review says后面跟的是賓語從句，省略了連詞that。

6、(2018全國卷2閱讀A)Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park，staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.譯文：周四，我們短途旅行去巴黎，游覽巴黎迪斯尼樂園，晚些時候，我們觀看游行和煙花。分析：這是一個主從復合句。where we will visit Disneyland Paris park是一個定語從句修飾先行詞Paris；staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks是-ing形式做伴隨狀語。另外，本句的主句部分Thursday sees...運用了擬人的修辭格。

7、(2018全國卷2閱讀B)When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.譯文：當冰凍香蕉和其他莓類或水果片混合時，就會成為制作濃郁冰涼果昔和低脂肪“冰淇淋”的不錯的主要底料。

分析：這個句子的主干是 frozen bananas make an excellent base。When combined with berries or slices of other fruits是一個-ed形式用作時間狀語。、(2018全國卷2閱讀C)According to the report's key findings, “the proportion(比例)who say they‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”

譯文：根據這個報告的重要發現，“那些說他們從來或者幾乎不以讀書為樂趣的人的比例分別從1984年的13歲中的8%，17歲中的9%上升到了現在的22%和27%。” 分析：這是一個主從復合句。句子主語是the proportion，謂語是has gone。who say they‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’read for fun 是一個定語從句修飾先行詞the proportion，say 后面跟了一個省略了that的賓語從句。

9、(2018全國卷2閱讀C)The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.譯文：報告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的數據是：在閱讀方面，父母是孩子的榜樣和重要的楷模。分析：這是一個主從復合句。句子的主干是The most hopeful data shows clear evidence。shared in the report是-ed形式用作定語修飾data。when it comes to reading是一個時間狀語從句。

10、(2018全國卷2閱讀D)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation.譯文：認為閑談不重要而不予考慮很容易，但是我們不要忘記，如果沒有隨意的的聊天，就不會有深入的人際關系。

分析：這是一個由but 連接的兩個并列句，第一個并列句中Dismissing small talk as unimportant 是主語；第二個并列句中forget后跟了一個that引導的賓語從句，其中還含有一個if 引導的條件狀語從句，這里是虛擬語氣。、(2018全國卷2七選五)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.譯文：鍛煉會讓你更加神清氣爽，更好地應對一天當中發生的任何事情。分析： handle后跟了一個whatever引導的賓語從句，并且在句中作主語。

12、(2017年全國1卷閱讀理解A篇)It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.譯文：這是一個驚人的成就，一個沒有來自個人、公司和其他社會組織的慷慨的支持我們就不可能取得的成就。

分析：本句為復合句。其中，one指代前面的accomplishment，后面為定語從句，修飾先行詞one，且從句使用了cannot和without表示雙重否定。

13、(2017年全國1卷閱讀理解D篇)Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.譯文：接著把管子放在恰當的位置，使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。

分析：本句為復合句。主句lay the tube in place為祈使句；so that引導目的狀語從句，從句是and連接的并列句。

14、(2017年全國1卷閱讀七選五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.譯文：如果三年前有人告訴我會用大部分的周末時間來野營，我會狂笑不已。

分析：本句為主從復合句。if引導的是條件狀語從句，因表示對與過去事實相反的假設，所以本句中條件句使用過去完成時。此外從句中包含了一個that引導賓語從句。

15、(2017年全國1卷完形填空)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.譯文：我不知道我竟然會愛上美式手語。

分析：此句為倒裝句，little為否定詞，當否定詞位于句首時，句子要使用部分倒裝。

16、(2017年全國1卷完形填空)What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.譯文：我所看到的和我之前經歷的完全不同。

分析：此句中what 引導的是主語從句，作句子的主語。此外，I had experienced in the past為定語從句，修飾先行詞anything。

17、(2017年全國1卷完形填空)Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.譯文：相反，如果有任何交談，那會導致我們學到較少的東西。

分析：本句為復合句。if引導的是虛擬條件句，表示對過去的虛擬，所以本句中條件狀語從句使用過去完成時there had been；主句使用“would have done”結構。

18、(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解A篇)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.譯文：通過把《愛的徒勞》那豐富、幽默的文本翻譯成手語，Deafinitely 劇院創造了一種對莎士比亞喜劇新的解釋，通過向失聰人群和聽力健全人群演出，旨在在失聰和有聲世界之間搭建一座橋梁。

分析：在本句中，By translating...BSL為方式狀語，and連接creates和aims兩個動詞作并列謂語。

19、(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.（同位語從句、讓步狀語從句）

譯文：拍電影和四年后出演The Sting的經歷所建立起來的友誼源于一個事實：盡管我們存在年齡差距，但我們都源自戲劇和直播電視的傳統。

分析：本句的主干是 The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中，grew out of...later為that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞friendship；后面的although there was...live TV為that引導的同位語從句，解釋說明fact的內容。此外，同位語從句中還包含了一個although引導的讓步狀語從句。

20、(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B篇)We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back 一 he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.（同位語從句、條件狀語從句、定語從句）

譯文：我們有著這樣的信念—如果足夠幸運獲得成功，就應該有所回饋。他成立了 Newman’s Own食品公司和為病重孩子成立了Hole in the Wall camps夏令營，而我成立了圣丹斯協會和電影節。分析：本句中，that引導同位語從句，解釋說明belief的內容；同位語從句中包含了一個if引導的條件狀語從句；破折號后出現了一個who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞kid。

21、(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解C篇)Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.譯文：Terrafugia 說機主需要通過測試并且完成20個小時的飛行時間才能駕駛 Transition，這一要求對于飛行員來說相對容易滿足。

分析：本句中a requirement 為同位語，是對前面內容作補充說明，pilots would find relatively easy to meet是定語從句，省略了充當賓語的關系代詞that/which，修飾先行詞requirement.22、(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解D篇)Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(賓語從句、非謂語動詞、定語從句)譯文：早在1983年，杰克·舒爾茨和伊恩·鮑德溫兩個科學家報道說被昆蟲咬的年輕楓樹釋放會一種鄰近的植物能夠獲得的特殊氣味。

分析：本句中that引導賓語從句，作reported的賓語，從句中包含一個that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞smell。getting bitten by insects為現在分詞作后置定語，修飾maple trees。

23、(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀七選五)If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示）that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.譯文：如果有人敲門，并且不是什么重要的事情，那就禮貌地謝絕，讓別人知道你很忙，這樣他們就會得到暗示，當門關著的時候，你不想被打擾。

分析：本句為if引導條件狀語從句。在主句中，you’re busy是know的賓語從句；so引導結果狀語從句，在結果狀語從句中包含一個that引導同位語從句，解釋說明hint的內容。同時同位語從句又包含了一個when引導時間狀語從句，因此句子的主句為you’re not to be disturbed.。

24、(2017年全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解B篇)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.（定語從句）

譯文：布拉德福德把建筑物和土地賣給了一家當地的開發商，這家開發商打算在電影院所在的土地上建一個購物中心。

分析：本句中which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a local development firm；此外，定語從句中又包含一個where引導的定語從句。

25、(2017年全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解D篇)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.譯文：紐卡斯爾大學的智能運輸團隊已經把電動汽車轉變成名叫“DriveLAB”的移動實驗室，目的是了解老年人司機面臨的挑戰和發現關鍵的問題所在。

分析：非謂語動詞、賓語從句

26、(2017年全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解D篇)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.譯文：對于很多老年人來說，特別是那些獨自居住在鄉間的老年人，駕駛對于保持他們（老年人）的獨立性是非常重要的，這也給了他們出行而不用依賴他人的自由。

27、(2017年全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解D篇)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔絕)and inactive.譯文：研究表明，放棄駕駛是導致老年人健康狀況下降的主要原因之一，導致他們變得更加隔絕和懶散。

分析：that引導賓語從句，賓語從句中giving up driving為動名詞短語作主語，leading to...作現在分詞作狀語。

28、(2017年全國Ⅲ卷完形填空)Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.譯文：Axani 在他的帖中說：他并不是尋求任何回報，使用這張多余機票的女士可以選擇與他一起旅行，或者拿走機票自己旅行。

分析：本句中，that?and that?是并列的兩個賓語從句，作wrote的賓語，who uses the extra ticket為定語從句，修飾先行詞the woman。

29、(2016全國新課標甲卷閱讀理解B篇)His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.譯文：他的出現意味著課堂上我有一個意料之外的教學助手，他的創造力會感染其他學生。分析：本句為復合句；that引導的是賓語從句，作meant的賓語；在賓語從句中包含了由whose引導的定語從句，關系詞whose在從句中作定語，表示所屬關系。

30、(2016全國新課標甲卷閱讀理解C篇)Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.譯文：然后，大家可以把它（書）留在一個公共場合，希望這本書經歷一場冒險，隨著每個發現它的新讀者來一場遙遠廣闊的旅行。

分析：Then the person leaves it in a public place為句子的主干，hoping that...是現在分詞作伴隨狀語，that引導的是賓語從句，在賓語從句中又包含了一個現在分詞短語traveling...作伴隨狀語；此外，在后一個伴隨狀語中還包含了一個由who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞reader。

31、(2016全國新課標甲卷閱讀理解D篇)Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.譯文：Shackleton，一個曾經的英國上船船隊軍官，在1908年到達過距離南極點不足100英里的地方，在他1914年航海前開始做生意來從電影和攝影中賺錢。

分析：Shackleton started a business.為句子主干，a onetime British merchant-navy officer為Shackleton的同位語，同時作定語從句who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908的先行詞，before his 1914 voyage 為時間狀語，to make...為不定式作目的狀語。

32、(2016全國新課標甲卷閱讀理解D篇)Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published..譯文：Frank Hurley，一個自信的，有天賦的，對南極洲有了解的澳大利亞攝影師，被雇傭去拍照，其中大部分圖片以前從未被發表過。

分析：Frank Hurley was hired.為句子主干，a confident and gifted Australian photographer為Frank Hurley的同位語，同時作定語從句who knew the Antarctic的先行詞，to make...為不定式短語作目的狀語，此外，還有一個which引導的非限制定語從句，修飾先行詞images。

33、(2016全國新課標甲卷閱讀七選五)It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.譯文：它始于窺探自己的內心，和明白就自然界而言你是誰，以及如何處理園藝工作流程。（with respect to“就……而言，關于”）分析：It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding為句子主干，在understanding后有who和how引導的兩個賓語從句。

34、(2016全國新課標甲卷完形填空)The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up.譯文：坐在桌子旁的她，看到了我瘋狂的舉動，同情地跳了起來。

分析：本句的主干為The woman jumped up，sitting at the desk為現在分詞短語作后置定語，seeing my madness為原因狀語。

35、(2016全國新課標甲卷完形填空)It could be anything——gardening, cooking, music, sports——but whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.譯文：它可以是任何事——園藝活、做飯、音樂或是運動——但是不管是什么事，一定要確保它是一件放松日常壓力而不是另外一件需要擔心的事情。

分析：本句是由but連接的兩個并列分句，在后一個分句中含有一個whatever引導的狀語從句，主句是一個祈使句。

36、(2016全國新課標乙卷閱讀理解A篇)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.譯文：如果不是Rachel Carson的話，今天的環保運動就可能不會存在。

分析：本句為復合句，主句為the environmental movement might not exist today，if引導條件狀語從句。注意本句使用了虛擬語氣，表示對現在的虛擬。

37、(2016全國新課標乙卷閱讀理解B篇)Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.譯文：經過一年友好的協商之后，Garza女士才最終同意。

分析：本句為倒裝句，當only+狀語位于句首，引起部分倒裝，句子可還原為“Ms Garza finally say yes only after a year of friendly discussion”。

38、(2016全國新課標乙卷閱讀理解B篇)Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.譯文：幾乎每個祖父母都想和自己的孫子住在一起并愿意做出犧牲，但有時拒絕而取而代之以經常探訪更為明智。

分析：本句是由but連接的兩個并列分句，前一個分句and并列兩個謂語動詞表示順承關系，后一個分句中it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式。

39、(2016全國新課標乙卷閱讀理解C篇)For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.譯文：對于這個遞送的工作，你意識到在那個箱子里放的很可能是挽救別人生命的東西。分析：本句為復合句，前一個that引導賓語從句，在賓語從句中包含了一個that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞something。

40、(2016全國新課標乙卷閱讀理解D篇)Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.譯文：當護士和其他看護者遇到的病人可能經歷個人焦慮時，他們需要知道沉默的可能含義。分析：本句的主句為Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence，when引導時間狀語從句，在時間狀語從句中，their patients may be experiencing為定語從句，修飾先行詞anxiety。

41、(2016全國新課標乙卷閱讀理解D篇)Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.譯文：因此，當一個來自其中某個文化群體的人在說話的時候突然停住時，可能是在暗示講話者希望聽眾在繼續（講下去）之前思考一下剛才所講的內容。

分析：本句中when引導的是時間狀語從句；what may be implied為主語從句，that引導表語從句，在表語從句中，包含了一個what引導的賓語從句，作consider的賓語。

42、(2016全國新課標乙卷完形填空)Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.譯文：他們走進這輛車，看到一位婦女試圖從破了的車窗爬出來。

分析：本句中現在分詞短語Approaching the vehicle作狀語，that引導賓語從句，作saw的賓語，broken為過去分詞作定語。

43、(2016全國新課標乙卷語法填空)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.譯文：但我和熊貓的聯系可以追溯到20世紀80年代中期的一檔電視節目中，我是第一個被允許拍攝野外營救挨餓的熊貓影片的西方電視臺記者。

分析：本句為主從復合句，其中when引導非限制性定語從句，修飾the mid-1980s，過去分詞短語permitted?作定語修飾reporter。

44、(2016全國新課標丙卷閱讀理解C篇)To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.譯文：對于習慣于在超市賣的黃金美味和皇家嘎啦這種有限蘋果種類選擇的人來說，看到仍舊存留的傳統蘋果是很長見識的，比如羅馬人種植的Decio。

分析：本句的主句是it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式；此外，To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets為狀語，狀語中包含了who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞people；本句最后還有一個which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞Decio。

45、(2016全國新課標丙卷閱讀理解D篇)Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.譯文：讀者們也喜歡分享讓他們感到興奮或有趣的文章，或者是引發憤怒或焦慮的消極感受的文章，而不是僅僅讓他們感到悲傷的文章。

分析：本句為復合句，三個that引導的定語從句對articles進行解釋說明。

46、(2016全國新課標丙卷閱讀七選五)When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.譯文：當你買完魚回家后，如果不立即烹飪你最好把魚放在冰箱里保存，但新鮮的魚只能在冰箱保存一到兩天。

分析：本句為復合句，when引導時間狀語從句，主句中還包含了if引導條件狀語從句。

47、(2016全國新課標丙卷完形填空)We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player，but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’ s accident.譯文：我們是以10比1贏得比賽并且我被評為最有價值的球員，但我經常做瘋狂的夢，在夢中我因為Miller的事故而受責備。

分析：本句是由but連接的兩個并列分句，在后一個分句中包含了一個in which引導的定語從句。

48、(2016全國新課標丙卷語法填空)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.譯文：一些人認為這位生活在公元前約551-479年的中國偉大學者孔子影響了筷子的發展。分析：本句的主干為Some people think that Confucius influenced the development of chopsticks，其中that引導賓語從句，在賓語從句中包含了一個who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞Confucius。

49、(2015全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀理解B篇)Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where —— luckily for me —— I was planning to have dinner that very night.譯文：眼前的西紅柿令我欣喜不已，當我聽說布朗的格魯夫農場是杰克達斯蒂餐廳的供應商之一時，我更加高興了。杰克達斯蒂餐廳是薩拉索塔麗思卡爾頓酒店新開張的一家餐廳——我感到很幸運——那天晚上我計劃去那吃晚飯。

分析：as引導的是讓步狀語從句，從句用了倒裝結構，表語前置；when引導的是時間狀語從句；在時間狀語從句中包含了由where引導的是定語從句，修飾先行詞restaurant。

50、(2015全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀理解C篇)The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.譯文：巴黎的蓬皮社中心正在展出200多幅油畫、雕塑和素描等作品，以此表達對這位藝術家及其偉大人格的尊敬和欽佩。

分析： The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration?為句子的主干，bringing together...是現在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾an exhibition。

51、(2015全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀理解D篇)If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.譯文：如果人生不是一場戰爭，人們也不會需要一個僅僅去說話的特殊場所了。

分析：本句If引導的條件狀語從句用了虛擬語氣；主句中的just to speak作定語修飾place。

52、(2015全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀七選五)But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.譯文：但如果一段關系中缺乏信任，過錯之人不為錯誤負責，你也無法獲得成功。

分析：本句中when引導的是時間狀語從句；that引導的是定語從句，修飾先行詞a lack of trust。此外，句中還包含一個where引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞action。

53、(2015全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀理解B篇)Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(難為情)when they’re in poorly lit places —— and so more likely to eat lots of food.譯文：黑暗的環境更容易鼓勵過量飲食，因為人們在燈光昏暗的地方很少會難為情—— 所以更可能吃大量的食物。

分析：本句中for引導表示原因的分句，分句中less self-conscious和后面的so more likely to eat lots of food是并列表語，分句中還有一個由when引導的時間狀語從句。

54、(2015全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀理解C篇)The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.譯文：間隔年現象起源于牛津大學和劍橋大學申請在11月份入學考試至下一學年開始前空出的那幾個月時間。

分析：本句中，句子主干是The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months，left over to Oxbridge applicants是過去分詞短語作后置定語，between?and?是介詞短語作定語，修飾的都是the months。

55、(2015全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀七選五)No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.譯文：沒人能說哪個品牌最適合你或你穿哪一雙腳最舒服，因此在購買時，你不得不根據你的經驗和對每一雙鞋的感覺。

分析：本句是由so連接的兩個并列句；which引導的是賓語從句，作say的賓語；as you shop是由as引導的時間狀語從句。

56、(2014全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀理解A篇)The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.譯文：這個挑戰賽邀請，甚至挑戰5到14歲的在校生創作藝術品或寫一篇文章，來展示他們的好奇心，并告訴我們它如何激發他們去探索自我世界。

分析：that引導定語從句，在定語從句中，their curiosity和how引導的從句并列作show的賓語。

57、(2014全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀理解B篇)It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.譯文：據統計，當旅鴿數量達到最多時，曾超過了30億只，這個數量相當于美國鳥類總數的24%-40%，使旅鴿成為世界上數量最為龐大的鳥類。

分析：本句在“It be+過去分詞+that從句”結構；從句中含有when引導的時間狀語從句；3 billion passenger pigeons和 a number equal?是同位關系。此外，還有一個現在分詞短語“making?”作結果狀語。

58、(2014全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀理解C篇)This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best , the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.譯文：這讓我陷入無休無止的煩惱之中，因為當所有的專家們都在忙著辯論哪個選擇最好時，那些想改善自己生活的人們卻被所有這些矛盾的信息弄得困惑不堪。

分析：本句中because引導的是原因狀語從句，從句中while引導的是時間狀語從句；此外，which引導賓語從句，作about的賓語；who引導賓語從句，修飾先行詞people。

59、(2014全國新課標Ⅰ閱讀七選五)By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.譯文：不管未來如何變化，幫助他們開發經典的技能會對他們大有幫助的。

分析：that引導的是定語從句，修飾先行詞skills；從句中還含有一個no matter what引導的狀語從句。

60、(2014全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀理解A篇)He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one 譯文：他向警方報了案，然后失落孤獨地坐在一個陌生的城市里，想著要在一個遙遠的國家把所有的材料重新整理是多么的麻煩，而同時他還要試著在一個新的國家安頓下來。

分析：句子的主干是He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city在此處為形容詞短語，作補語，用來補充形容主語he當時的心情。thinking of?為現在分詞短語作狀語，在現在分詞短語中，organized為過去分詞作get的賓補，from a distant country為介詞短語作狀語。此外，while trying to settle down in a new one為時間狀語。

61、(2014全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀七選五)The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.譯文：當我已經餓了卻沒有準備好可以吃的東西的時候，我認為做飯是一種痛苦。

分析：第一個when引導定語從句，修飾先行詞moment，“cooking?”為賓語從句，作think的賓語；后面的when引導的從句由and連接的兩個并列句構成，作句子的表語。

62、(2013全國新課標ⅠC篇)However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.譯文：但是他接下來談論奧巴馬的方式表明他對奧巴馬的背景一無所知。

分析：本句中in a way為介詞短語作方式狀語；which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞way；he had no idea of his background at all為省略了引導詞that的賓語從句，作suggested的賓語。

63、(2013全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀理解A篇)It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.譯文：它進一步要求，當碰到與自己相反的意見時，醫生不能反應過度，那樣可能會讓其他醫生下次不敢說出自己的看法。

分析：本句中that引導賓語從句，從句中when引導的是時間狀語從句，which引導的是非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞overreact。

64、(2013全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀理解B篇)Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.譯文：曾經不被怎么人們認可的“藝穗節”如今的規模已經遠遠超越了藝術節，在藝為期21天的活動中，每天要上演約1500場戲劇、音樂和舞蹈。

分析：本句中“once less recognized”為省略句，省略了it was；此外還含有一個with sth.on結構，on在此處意為“上演”；“it last”是定語從句，修飾先行詞21days。

65、(2013全國新課標Ⅱ閱讀理解C篇)Given that many people's moods(情緒)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine.譯文：鑒于很多人的情緒是由巧克力的化學作用來調節的，那么有人把巧克力商店做成好像中藥店一樣可能只是個時間問題了。

分析：given that意為“考慮到，鑒于??情況”，引導原因狀語從句；主句中還含有一個before引導的時間狀語從句。

66、(2012全國新課標閱讀理解B篇)Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.譯文：一旦吸引了他們的注意，它就飛過森林，并時不時地等著那好奇的動物或人跟上來，因為它要帶著他們找到蜂巢。

分析：Once引導的是條件狀語從句，waiting from time to time for?為現在分詞短語做伴隨狀語；as 引導的是原因狀語從句。

67、(2012全國新課標閱讀理解C篇)An actor and actress stood infront of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island.譯文：一名男演員和一名女演員站在場景前，好讓他們看起來像是站在一個小島的水邊。分析：so that引導的是結果狀語從句；as if引導的是表語從句。

68、(2011全國新課標閱讀理解C篇)They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(經濟), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.譯文：越來越多的美國人迫于生活成本的上升和經濟的衰退，首次開始經營蔬菜園子，他們就在其中。

分析：句子主干是They are among the growing number of Americans。“driven by higher?”是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾Americans；“who,?have taken up vegetablegardening for the first time”是定語從句，修飾Americans。

69、(2011全國新課標閱讀理解D篇)When you join the them in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties.譯文：當你加入我們財務管理單位的這團隊，你將協助財務部各部門的工作，處理郵件和其他日常事務。

分析：when引導的是時間狀語從句；“dealing with?”是現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。

70、(2010大綱卷Ⅱ閱讀理解A篇)One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.譯文：最感動我的一件事情是無論誰生病了，狗狗都在其身邊陪伴著他。

分析：本句中that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the thing，that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.中that引導表語從句，to 后又接一個賓語從句，表示無論是誰生病，and并列would go 和 be with。

71、(2010大綱卷Ⅱ閱讀理解C篇)Mr.Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe, In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China.譯文：北京第一家滑雪旅游開發商經理魏先生，看到了中國旅游市場迅猛發展，很快便借鑒了歐洲滑雪的經驗，最近幾年滑雪旅游在中國流行起來。

分析： a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing作為Mr.Wei 的同位語，that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe引導一個定語從句修飾industry。最后部分用了offering分詞做后置定語對resort的修飾。

72、(2010大綱卷Ⅱ閱讀理解C篇)The ski resort where Mr.Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up and as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea,many others hash in and price wars break out.譯文：魏先生工作的滑雪場將近花費了4百萬，并且在中國，當其他人想出了一個主意，其他人就會爆發一場聲勢浩大的價格戰。

分析：where引導了一個小的定語從句，when引導了一個狀語從句，由此構成了這個句子。

73、(2010大綱卷Ⅱ閱讀理解D篇)Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure(血壓)and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.譯文：科學無法解釋寵物的力量，不過很多研究表明，有寵物的陪伴能幫助降低血壓和增加心臟病發作后康復的機會，減少孤獨感，并向周圍傳遞喜悅的心情。

分析：本句是由表轉折but連接的并列句。前一分句是一個簡單句，but的后一分句中, 主干是many studies have shown that，that引導一個賓語從句，而這個賓語從句又是由一個較為復雜的簡單句構成：動詞help后面接的是四個省略to的并列賓語lower?and raise?,reduce?and spread?。

第三篇：高考英語閱讀理解長難句的處理技巧1（寫寫幫推薦）

高考英語閱讀理解長難句的處理技巧1 第四章： 省略（共4頁）

英國大文豪莎士比亞在他的名著《哈姆雷特》里寫過這么一句名言：Brevity is the soul of wit.(言以簡潔為貴。)寫文章也好,說話也好,都要求生動活潑,簡單明了,因此,“簡潔”乃是一篇好文章的基本要求之一。

文章要做到簡潔,省略法(Ellipsis)是必用的。

英語句子中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明確的信息而不必出現,或前面已出現的某些成分,為了避免不必要的重復,可以不再出現而不致引起誤解或歧義,這種語言現象就叫作省略。例如：Glad to see you.這是個簡單句,主語I和謂語am可以省略。再如：London is on the Themes, and Paris on the Seine.這是一個并列復合句,后半句省略了謂語動詞is,因為前面已經出現過,后面不必重復。英譯漢時,為了使譯文明確達意,符合漢語習慣,要在正確理解原文的基礎上,對原文中省略的部分或保留或補全,或對其進行靈活處理。

有人將英語句子中的省略現象歸納為21種,本章只涉及在英語閱讀中常遇到的比較復雜的省略現象。

1.The transcription needs a certain amount of editing, as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right, it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.第一層： The transcription 主 needs 謂 a certain amount of 定 editing, 賓 as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar 狀語從句sounds such as write and right, it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.第二層：(狀語從句)as 引 even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right , 狀語從句1 it 主 is 系 still not yet 狀 able 表 to do the work 賓 as well as an inte-lligent secretary.狀語從句2

第三層：(狀語從句1)even if 引 the computer 主 can tell 謂 the difference 賓 between words of similar sounds 定 such as write and right 同位語

(狀語從句2)as well as 引 an intelligent secretary 主

要點 本句中as引導原因狀語從句,其中該句還帶有一個由“even if”引導的讓步狀語從句；介詞短語“between words of similar sounds”修飾“difference”,“such as write and right”修飾“words”,“as well as...”為同等比較狀語從句,其中省略了與主句相同的部分。intelligent:有才智的；理解力強的。

譯文 譯稿需要一定量的編輯工作,因為,即使計算機能夠區別同音異義詞,如 write和right,它仍不可能把這項工作做得像有思維能力的秘書那樣好。

2.If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle, how often can it be expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space?

第一層： If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the len-狀語從句 gth of the needle , how often 狀 can 謂 it 主 be expected 謂 to fall on a line 賓 and 連 how often 狀 into a blank space? 狀

第二層：(狀語從句)If 引 a needle 主 is 系 thrown 表 at random 狀 on a sheet of paper 狀 ruled with lines 定 whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle 定語從句

第三層：(定語從句)whose 引 distance apart 主 is 系 exactly 狀 equal 表 to the length of the needle 賓

要點 這是復合句。在if引導的狀語從句中,ruled with lines 是過去分詞,作paper 的定語,whose...needle 是 lines 的定語從句,whose distance apart 的意思是“它們之間的間隔”。主句中and 后面是個省略句,省去了 can it be expected to fall。翻譯時可將英文的被動語態譯成漢語的主動語態。length:長度。rule paper with lines:在紙上劃平行線。

譯文 如果把一根針隨機地投到一張紙上,紙上畫了許多平行線,它們之間的間隔等于針的長度,那么針落在線上的幾率是多少？落在空白處的幾率又是多少？

3.All that a man has to say or do that can possibly concern mankind, is in some shape or other to tell the story of his loveto sing.all后面有兩個that引導的定語從句,第一個that從句修飾all,第二個that指代其前的that從句,翻譯時可表條件。to sing放在破折號之后,用以加強語氣,其后可視為省略了賓語the story of his love, to tell和to sing是并列關系。

譯文 一個人應該說的或做的,只要關系到人類,那么都是以這樣或那樣的形式來講述乃至謳歌自己的愛的故事；而且,如果他是幸運的、有活力的,他將永遠是充滿愛的。

4.As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.要點 本句位并列句,前一個分句帶一個As引導的狀語從句, 狀語從句中 move away from 后為并列平行結構their...,their..., their...在and后的分句中, the confidence 省略了 “is cut off”, it指的是信息被切斷的情況。

譯文 隨著家庭成員與他們穩定的社區、多年的老友和大家庭的親屬關系相分離,非正式的信息渠道被切斷了,而那種在需要時就能得到真實可靠信息的信心也丟失了。

5.And by the help of further reasoning, which if drawn out would have been exhibited in 2

two or three other syllogism, you arrive at your final determination, I will not have that apple.要點 這是復合句。主句是you arrive at your final determination。by the help of...是介詞短語作狀語,which引導的定語從句修飾reasoning。if drawn out 是省略句,用作表示條件的狀語從句,完整的句子是if the reasoning can be drawn out。翻譯時采用順序法,定語從句采用分句法。syllogism:三段論；演繹推理。

譯文 借助于進一步的推理,這種推理如果加以引申,還可表現為其他兩三種演繹推理,你便會做出最終決定：“我不吃那個蘋果了。”

6.It is quite unnerving not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person, even though we have learnt to have conversations with people we cannot see, as on the telephone.要點 這是復合句。主句中 it是形式主語,真正的主語是不定式短語not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person。在狀語從句中as是連詞,意思是“正如…一樣”,as 后面省去了we have conversations。翻譯時采用逆序法,把even though引導的讓步狀語從句放到句首。unnerving:使人不知所措；使人失去自信。

譯文 即使我們適應了像打電話一樣在互相看不見的情況下談話,這種看不見或接觸不到對方的談話也會使人感到很不自在。

7.Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.要點 這是復合句。in which引導定語從句,修飾astronomical body。介詞except引起的短語作狀語。在介詞短語like our own后面省略了planet。revolving為現在分詞短語作定語,修飾our own planet。翻譯時根據漢語習慣,將狀語提前譯出。

譯文 事實上,除了像地球這樣圍繞太陽旋轉的行星以外,我們不知道是否在其他類型的天體上也有適合生命存在的條件。

8.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers.要點 這是主從復合句。其主句的謂語動詞是had less to do with...than...,意為“主要與…有關,而不是與…有關”,因為句子結構比較清晰,省略了句子的并列部分,如在had less to do with the mechanization of housework and(with)an increase in leisure time省略了with；在...than it did with their own economic necessity and(it did)with high marriage rates省略了it did。句中that引導的定語從句修飾high marriage rates。翻譯時采用融合法,把重要的部分放在句首。

譯文 20世紀已婚女性走出家門參加工作人數的增加主要是因為她們自己的經濟需要,還與高結婚率使可參加工作的單身女工人數減少有關,而與家務機械化、婦女空閑時間增多關系不大。

9.The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions based on fine principles of political economy and some on poor ones.要點 這是簡單句。句中with some of its actions based on fine principles是獨立主格結構,作狀語。因為與前一部分結構相同,句子后一部分省略了（with）some（of its actions based）on poor ones括號中的詞。翻譯時采用順序法,對省略部分也要進行相應省略,以使句子表達簡潔。

譯文 歐盟是不完善的機構,它的一些舉措是基于正確的政治經濟原則之上的,而另一些遠非如此。

10.To Americans, being on one’s own suggests that one is a fully independent and functioning part of the whole capable and willing to make choices.要點 這是復合句,that引導賓語從句,其中capable and willing to make choices可以被看作賓語從句中的并列表語(其前省略了is)。翻譯時采用順序法。

譯文 對美國人而言,依靠自己的力量就是指這個人作為整體的一部分是完全獨立并能起作用的,他有能力也愿意做出選擇。

第四篇：歷屆高考英語長難句100句精選(中文)

歷屆高考英語長難句100句精選（中文）

1.這個定理，先是由十七世紀法國數學家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數學大師為難，包括一位法國女科學家，她在解決這個難題方面取得了重大的進展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學院學習。

簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現在分詞短語，動名詞及兩個定語從句。

2.由于因特網的使用，計算所使用的紙張的數量是很難的，然而幾乎任何在辦公室工作的人能告訴你，當引進電子郵件后，打印機就開始超時工作。也就是說近年來人們對于紙張的日益需求主要是由于因特網越來越多的使用。

簡析：夾雜較復雜的句型結構，關鍵詞just about幾乎；overtime超時地。

3.或許，表明電腦及因特網使用促進人們對于紙張的需求的最好跡象源于高科技產業本身，印刷業被認為是高科技產業極有前景的新市場之一。簡析：夾雜較復雜的句型結構，關鍵詞promising有前途的。

4.這個行動組也發現一種人們可接受的紙，制成這種紙的原料不是木料，而是農業廢料。簡析：關鍵詞other than而不是。

5.這些術語，主要從英語和漢語引入，經常會變成不再被說本族語的人們理解的形式。簡析：關鍵詞term術語。

6.它是現在很暢銷的許多外語書中的一本。簡析：比喻生動形象。

7.大眾傳播媒介和政府白皮書（正式報告）在外國詞傳播過程中起重要作用。簡析：關鍵詞the mass media and government white papers大眾傳播媒介和政府白皮書（正式報告）。

8.來自動物醫院（這個電視節目）的故事（這本書），將使這個電視節目的愛好者以及 對無論是貓、狗還是蛇這類寵物有濃厚興趣的任何人感到高興。

簡析：關鍵詞fans?愛好者，whether?or?，無論是?還是?。

9.牛頓被證明是一位很有才華的科學家，他處于一個魔術終結科學開啟的歷史時期，他也有普通人所特有的弱點。簡析：夾雜兩個定語從句。

10.但對于所有這些以電子手段記錄，貯存及傳遞的文本而言，許多文本仍要（打印）在紙上。簡析：關鍵詞text文本；end up最后成為（處于）。

11.據鹽湖城的ITA的觀點，閃爍的棕色眼睛，搖著尾巴，并有無條件的愛心，狗能成 為無判斷力的（忠實的）聽者，這是剛開始搞閱讀的小孩所需要的。簡析：夾雜with構成的介詞短語及過去分詞短語。

12.這家鹽湖城公共圖書館接受這個觀點。簡析：關鍵詞sell on（to）使接受。13.這個島嶼，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上將發現，在1810年有人居住，現在屬于英 國，人口數有幾百人。簡析：有兩個過去分詞短語作狀語。

14.他們已有一千多年與外界沒有聯系，這給他們充足的時間來修建1000多座巨大的石 像，被稱為莫艾，因為有這個東西這個島嶼極其出名。簡析：夾雜有現在分詞短語，過去分詞短語及定語從句。

15.我們的（生日）聚會針對兩到十歲的小孩，它們互動感強，富有創新，因為它們能 基于一個主題構建一種戲劇的氛圍。簡析：關鍵詞aim for 針對；in that 在于。16.在這里敘述的這種籌備（生日）聚會的計劃所帶有的最重要的觀點在于它能讓父母 和孩子的關系更加密切。簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語及表語從句。

17.他曾認識到那本書里第一幅圖畫下面的那些詞“一、六、八”在某些方面將這個野 兔和阿拉甘的凱撒英，即亨利八世的六個妻子當中的第一個妻子，聯系起來。

簡析：夾雜賓語從句及過去分詞短語。

18.直到有一天他在阿帕斯爾公園碰巧看見兩個石制的十字架，他才懂得在1773年修建 這兩個十字架是為了向她表示敬意。

簡析：關鍵詞come across碰巧遇見，in one’s honor紀念某人。19.它是蘇珊?湯森德的音樂劇本，根據她暢銷的小說改編的。簡析：關鍵詞best-selling 暢銷的。

20.戈德是對有機食品感興趣眾多購買者當中的一位，遍及英國的超市依賴更多像他那 樣的購買者，因為他們要增加有機食品生意。

簡析：關鍵詞count on 依賴。

21.地下發展的支持者說在地下搞建筑而不是在地上搞建筑是一種利用地球空間的辦法。簡析：關鍵詞rather than 而不是。

22.那些能夠說出好朋友名字的單身男人，很有可能說出一個女人的名字。簡析：省略句who could（name a best friend）承前省。

23.一般來說，女人相互的友誼基于相互分享情感和支持，但男人間的關系以共同參與 社會活動為特征。

簡析：關鍵詞rest on 依靠。

24.就大部分而言，男人間的交往在感情上受控制，這與“男子漢氣概” 的社會要求是 相符合的。簡析：關鍵詞for the most part就大部分而言。

25.一個女人最親密的女性朋友可能是第一個告訴她離開一次失敗的婚姻；而聽見一個 男人說直到他的朋友一天晚上問他是否可以睡在他家的沙發上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，這是很平常的。

簡析：夾雜多種語法結構not unusual=usual； not?until?，直到?才?。26.1066年以前，在我們現在稱為英國的土地上，住著屬于兩個主要語種的民族。簡析：倒裝句，并含有定語從句及分詞短語。

27.如果這種情況延續下去的話，那么今天的英語將和德語很相近。簡析：含虛擬語氣。

28.我們甚至對某些食物有不同的單詞，特別是肉類，取決于它是長在田野里，還是在 家里準備煮著吃，這就表明一個事實，即薩克森農民在農田干活，而上層階級的諾曼人在吃大喝。簡析：含對比。

29.當美國人第一次游覽歐洲時，他們通常發現德國比法國對他們來說更加“陌生”，因 為他們在標牌和廣告上看到的德語，比起法語更加不同于英語。

簡析： 含比較級句型結構。

30.一些公司已經把潔凈安全產品的生產當作他們主要的銷售關鍵，并且在他們的廣告 宣傳中強調這一點。

簡析：make后接雙賓語。

31.在他們逗留之后，所有的游客都會收到一份生存證明記錄他們的成功，也就是說當游客離開小冰屋旅館時，他們會得到一份證明，表明他們曾嘗試過冒險。

簡析：含兩個分詞短語，關鍵詞state表明。

32.主要的市場因素取決于白領工人的人數增加，這些人付得起這種新型服務，換句話說，上海的汽車出租行業發展如此快，主要因為白領工人人數的增加。簡析：關鍵詞rest in 依賴。

33.你不會等很長時間意味著過不了多久你就會回收你的垃圾。簡析：夾雜主語從句及賓語從句。

34.這些詞，是我編造的，只是代表我們不能想到的事物和觀念。簡析：關鍵詞make up 編造。

35.設想未來有益于現在和將來的幾代人。簡析：關鍵詞picture活用為動詞想象，設想。

36.做決策像打撲克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想的，還包括別人對你的想法是怎么看的以及你對別人的看法是如何考慮的。

簡析：含較復雜的句型結構not unlike=like not only?but also?不僅?而且? 37.解決問題容易的辦法并非總是最容易的。簡析：關鍵詞the way out 解決問題的辦法。

38.炙熱的太陽導致面團面積加倍，酵母使面團的表面擺晃嘆息，似乎它在呼吸，它看上去像某種來自外部空間的無名生物。簡析：比喻形象生動。

39.畢竟，難道這些活潑可愛的孩子們不滿足于半天搞普通教育的文化課，半天搞表演、唱歌、舞蹈等舞臺訓練嗎？ 簡析：反問句式，語氣強烈。

40.爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前趕回家，以便他能出去跑步，卻忘記系安全帶—這是75% 的美國人每天犯的一個錯誤。簡析：關鍵詞for a run去跑步。

41.這次高峰會是為了紀念尼克松總統訪華25周年，尼克松訪華是中美關系的轉折點。簡析：關鍵詞mark 紀念。42.很多問題是大學水平，這些小學生能夠解答出來。

簡析：關鍵詞be of college level 大學水平，figure out解決，解答。43.穿過屋頂矗立著太陽之塔，在里面有一棵160英尺高的生命之樹。簡析：含有兩個倒裝句。

44.目前的問題是，很多人把其實只要付諸努力就能做到的事情看成是做不到的。簡析：consider后的賓語后置。

45.她受過重罰，而且有病，可她卻這樣愉快，這樣充滿了信心，這樣用盡她所剩的力量來幫助其他同志。

簡析：含有讓步狀語從句及形容詞短語作狀語。

46.如果他們從電視中的束縛中解脫出來，不得不自己安排活動，他們可能會全家驅車去 看日落。

簡析：含有兩個過去分詞短語。

47.我繞到房子的前面，坐在臺階上，哭了一陣之后，我感到陣陣心痛，我的父親心里肯 定也有一點不好受。

簡析：動作描寫，情真意切。

48.先是令人心碎的痛苦，繼而是極度的喜悅，從一個極端到另一個極端—變換得實在太 快了。簡析：比喻形象生動。

49.他禁不住尋思起來，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有條船，他用無線電能聯系上的 最近的人遠在885英里以外的島上。簡析：含虛擬語氣。

50.八十大壽，畢竟非同一般，不管怎么說你又活了十年，或者說熬了十年，是活還是熬，全在于你怎么看了。

簡析：關鍵詞endure(stand;bear;put up with)忍受。51.新聞報道說這兩個國家的和平談判失敗,沒有達成協議。簡析：關鍵詞break down失敗，reach an agreement達成協議。52.這對老年夫婦結婚40年了，兩人從來沒有一次爭吵。簡析：含主謂倒裝句。

53.要記住的是，伊德搞鍛煉的想法根本沒有進餐使用刀叉那么費力。簡析：含比較級句型。

54.就在我們比賽之前，我曾預料這場比賽對我有利，比分大概是9比1，結果比分反而是7比9，伊德暫時領先。

簡析：關鍵詞figure on預計，估計；in one’s favor對某人有利。

55.因此當伊德來參加我們的比賽時,我發現他不僅將襯衫的底部扎進褲里,而且幾乎注意不到他的肚子,我感到很驚奇,以致無話可說,我的表弟過去一定努力把自己訓練好,保持很好的競技狀態。

簡析：含有not only?but also?及so?that?的句型結構，must have P.P表示對過去事實的推測。56.在一定程度上，我認為我們都贏了，我贏得了這次比賽，伊德表弟贏得了我的尊重。簡析：承前省略謂語動詞won。

57.據說在澳大利亞土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去處理。簡析：含比較級句型。

58.這項研究設計得如此好以致一旦開始任何事都不可能改變它。簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語once begun。

59.媽媽不知道誰應該受責備，因為打破玻璃這件事是她不在家里的時候發生的。簡析：關鍵詞be to blame受責備。

60.當我在軍隊服役時，我曾接受過所有戰士都參加的智力測試,與平均分100分相比，我得了160分。簡析：關鍵詞against 與?相比較。

61.我們原不是那樣計劃藝術展覽的，但出來的結果卻很好。簡析：關鍵詞work out 結果是?? 62.房子裝修花費我的閑暇時間不多。

簡析：句型結構little of的用法，例We see very little of our children(we do not see them often)now that they are grown up.孩子們已經長大了，所以我們現在很少見到他們。63.這條河流已經遭受很重的污染，現在要清理為時太晚。簡析：含too?to?句型及現在分詞的完成式。

64.大多數人相信這些腳印只是普通動物的足跡，這些足跡由于在雪里融化再結冰而變大了。簡析：關鍵詞nothing more than only。

65.但若他們真的抓住一個“雪人”的話，那么他們可能面臨一個現實問題：他們會把它放進動物園，還是在一個旅館里給它一個房間呢？ 簡析：含選擇疑問句型。

66.產量增長了60%，公司又經歷了一個極好的年頭。簡析：含with構成的介詞短語。

67.世貿組織如果沒有一個占世界五分之一人口的大國加入的話，那么它就不能名副其實。

簡析：關鍵詞live up to one’s name 名副其實。

68.重要的是你做這件工作的能力，而不是你來自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。簡析：強調句型It is +強調部分+that / who+從句。

69.我怎么才能讓父親卸完車上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢？我還要和這些女孩一起度過以后的日子。

簡析：關鍵詞make a scene 大吵大鬧，出洋相。

70.父親在說出一聲“是”之前,臉終于沒有先前那么紅了。簡析：迂回表達，心情如釋重負。

71.很快我聽到好象是門被撞進的聲音，接著是一陣上樓的腳步聲。簡析：that替代前而的sound。72.爸爸從我手里拿起那只仍冒煙的槍，又開了一槍，這才殺死了那只大猩猩。簡析：關鍵詞fire another shot 又開了一槍。

73.事情發生是這樣的,爸爸先把我們送上樓，因為他原以為他能夠在那個動物趕到之前（距離20英尺遠）將門鎖上。

簡析：句型結構It happened that?事情發生是這樣的?。

74.當他在鏡子前自我欣賞時，他想他當然看上去很適合那個角色。簡析：關鍵詞all right確實，無疑。

75.他抱著頭，盡力的想臺詞，但什么也想不起來。

簡析：迂回表達nothing came to his mind=He remembered nothing.76.實際上，他越是觀看這臺戲劇，他越是認為自己已進入角色。簡析：句型結構the more?the more?越?越?

77.反而，她在附近公園散步一會兒就回到家，她經過后門讓自己進去的。簡析：分詞短語letting herself in 作狀語。78.她靜下心來等，看會發生什么事。

簡析：關鍵詞settle down to do sth 靜下心來做? 79.她拿起那個裝著開水的壺，悄悄地向門移動。簡析：現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。

80.當那根鐵絲掉在地上，哪只手縮回時，外面傳來尖叫聲，接著是逃跑的聲音。簡析：三處被動語態間接描述小偷遭到的懲罰。81.很快警察抓住了那個小偷。

簡析：句型結構It wasn’t long before+從句，很快就?

82.接著，我注意到門旁一個高個子男人，拿著用棕色紙遮蓋著的某種東西。

簡析：含兩個分詞短語。

83.轉向下一個顧客，看見一桿槍從他的外套伸出來，我非常恐懼。簡析：過去分詞短語作to see的賓補。

84.“史密斯！”經理用象雷一樣的聲音大喊，“你不要找借口！給我立即開始工作。” 簡析：口語化的語言。

85.菲力浦帕底特在110層高的建筑物上，人群擁擠的大街上空等候。簡析：含倒裝句型及分詞用法。

86.菲力浦非常小心地邁開第一步，鋼絲繩承受住了，現在他確信他可以走鋼絲了。簡析：關鍵詞hold(vi)承受。

87.成千上萬感到很害怕的觀眾盯著看，他們的心跳很快。簡析：含with構成的介詞短語。

88.她已經會做一個人能做的許多事情。簡析：含定語從句。89.她甚至喜歡在上床睡覺前看電視。簡析：含分詞及動名詞。90.衡量一個人真正品質的標準是看如果他知道他不會被別人發現的情況下他會做些什么事。

簡析：表語從句中還含有虛擬語氣。

91.在我知道瑪考雷名言三十年后，它對我來說仍是最好的人生準則，因為這句名言給我們提供了一種衡量我們自己而不是他人的方法。

簡析：關鍵詞introduce引見，例：Let me introduce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting讓我給你說說品酒的樂趣。

92.我們當中很少有人被要求作出關于國家進行戰爭，軍隊進行戰斗的重大決定，但我們每天都要求作出很多個人的決定。

簡析：含動名詞的所有格形式。

93.有一個家伙，就這樣走進一家銀行，擅自拿走這么多錢。簡析：help oneself to擅自拿走。

94.托德想起自己的難處，他曾設法搞一大筆錢，他需要這筆錢來開辦他的加油站。簡析：夾雜兩個定語從句。

95.不要搭載陌生人，加油站所有的工作人員最好不要為一輛白色福特牌小汽車服務。簡析：關鍵詞folks，加油站的工作人員。

96.“給車加油”那個男人說，聽起來（這個劫匪）就好像是其他任何一名司機。簡析：關鍵詞sound like 聽起來像? 97.看來對他來說沒有合適的工作。

簡析：關鍵詞suitable適合的。

98.但當約翰和他的戰友們出現時，一些觀看的人們禁不住嘲笑那個在行進中不能同步的那個人（約翰）。

簡析：句子結構較復雜，關鍵詞keep pace with 與?步伐一致。

99.他們不僅使人們在晚上睡覺困難，而且他們損害我們歷史名勝的房子和商店。

簡析：句型結構not only?but(also)?不僅?而且?

100.也攻讀生物學的哈利說他們要制造盡可能大的噪音來迫使政府官員們認識到大家正不得不忍受的東西。

簡析：句型結構as...as possible盡可能地??。

第五篇：高考長難句

1.(2017年全國1卷閱讀理解A篇)It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.句意：這是一個驚人的成就，一個沒有來自個人、公司和其他社會組織的慷慨的支持我們就不可能取得的成就。

分析：本句為復合句。其中，one指代前面的accomplishment，后面為定語從句，修飾先行詞one，且從句使用了cannot和without表示雙重否定。

2.(2017年全國1卷閱讀理解D篇)Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.句意：接著把管子放在恰當的位置，使得管子的一端放在杯子里，管子的其余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。

分析：本句為復合句。主句lay the tube in place為祈使句；so that引導目的狀語從句，從句是and連接的并列句。

3.(2017年全國1卷閱讀七選五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.句意：如果三年前有人告訴我會用大部分的周末時間來野營，我會狂笑不已。

分析：本句為主從復合句。if引導的是條件狀語從句，因表示對與過去事實相反的假設，所以本句中條件句使用過去完成時。此外從句中包含了一個that引導賓語從句。

4.(2017年全國1卷閱讀七選五)This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.句意：這次跟自然母親的短暫親近用去了我兩天的假期，被嚴重曬傷的皮膚還需慢慢恢復，而且還花費了一筆錢為我兒子食物中毒看醫生。

分析：句中cost后的直接賓語有三個，即A，B and C三個并列賓語。

5.(2017年全國1卷完形填空)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.句意：我不知道我竟然會愛上美式手語。

分析：此句為倒裝句，little為否定詞，當否定詞位于句首時，句子要使用部分倒裝。

6.(2017年全國1卷完形填空)What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.句意：我所看到的和我之前經歷的完全不同。分析：此句中what 引導的是主語從句，作句子的主語。此外，I had experienced in the past為定語從句，修飾先行詞anything。

7.(2017年全國1卷完形填空)Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.句意：相反，如果有任何交談，那會導致我們學到較少的東西。

分析：本句為復合句。if引導的是虛擬條件句，表示對過去的虛擬，所以本句中條件狀語從句使用過去完成時there had been；主句使用“would have done”結構。

8.(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解A篇)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.句意：通過把《愛的徒勞》那豐富、幽默的文本翻譯成手語，Deafinitely 劇院創造了一種對莎士比亞喜劇新的解釋，通過向失聰人群和聽力健全人群演出，旨在在失聰和有聲世界之間搭建一座橋梁。

分析：在本句中，By translating...BSL為方式狀語，and連接creates和aims兩個動詞作并列謂語。9.(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.（同位語從句、讓步狀語從句）

句意：拍電影和四年后出演The Sting的經歷所建立起來的友誼源于一個事實：盡管我們存在年齡差距，但我們都源自戲劇和直播電視的傳統。

分析：本句的主干是 The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中，grew out of...later為that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞friendship；后面的although there was...live TV為that引導的同位語從句，解釋說明fact的內容。此外，同位語從句中還包含了一個although引導的讓步狀語從句。

10.(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B篇)We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back 一 he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.（同位語從句、條件狀語從句、定語從句）

句意：我們有著這樣的信念——如果足夠幸運獲得成功，就應該有所回饋。他成立了

Newman’s Own食品公司和為病重的孩子成立了Hole in the Wall camps夏令營，而我成立了圣丹斯協會和電影節。

分析：本句中，that引導同位語從句，解釋說明belief的內容；同位語從句中包含了一個if引導的條件狀語從句；破折號后出現了一個who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞kid。

11.(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解C篇)Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.句意：Terrafugia 說機主需要通過測試并且完成20個小時的飛行時間才能駕駛 Transition，這一要求對于飛行員來說相對容易滿足。

分析：本句中 a requirement 為同位語，是對前面的內容作補充說明，pilots would find relatively easy to meet是定語從句，省略了充當賓語的關系代詞that/which，修飾先行詞requirement。

12.(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解D篇)Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(賓語從句、非謂語動詞、定語從句)句意：早在1983年，杰克?舒爾茨和伊恩?鮑德溫兩個科學家報道說被昆蟲咬的年輕楓樹釋放會一種鄰近的植物能夠獲得的特殊氣味。

分析：本句中that引導賓語從句，作reported的賓語，從句中包含一個that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞smell。getting bitten by insects為現在分詞作后置定語，修飾maple trees。13.(2017年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀七選五)If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示）that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.句意為：如果有人敲門，并且不是什么重要的事情，那就禮貌地謝絕，讓別人知道你很忙，這樣他們就會得到暗示，當門關著的時候，你不想被打擾。

分析：本句為if引導條件狀語從句。在主句中，you’re busy是know的賓語從句；so引導結果狀語從句，在結果狀語從句中包含一個that引導同位語從句，解釋說明hint的內容。同時同位語從句又包含了一個when引導時間狀語從句，因此句子的主句為you’re not to be disturbed.。

14.(2017年全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解B篇)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.（定語從句）句意：布拉德福德把建筑物和土地賣給了一家當地的開發商，這家開發商打算在電影院所在的土地上建一個購物中心。分析：本句中which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a local development firm；此外，定語從句中又包含一個where引導的定語從句。

15.(2017年全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解D篇)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.句意：紐卡斯爾大學的智能運輸團隊已經把電動汽車轉變成名叫“DriveLAB”的移動實驗室，目的是了解老年人司機面臨的挑戰和發現關鍵的問題所在。

16.(2017年全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解D篇)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.句意：對于很多老年人來說，特別是那些獨自居住在鄉間的老年人，駕駛對于保持他們（老年人）的獨立性是非常重要的，這也給了他們出行而不用依賴他人的自由。

17.(2017年全國Ⅲ卷閱讀理解D篇)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔絕)and inactive.句意：研究表明，放棄駕駛是導致老年人健康狀況下降的主要原因之一，導致他們變得更加隔絕和懶散。分析：that引導賓語從句，賓語從句中giving up driving為動名詞短語作主語，leading to...作現在分詞作狀語。

18.(2017年全國Ⅲ卷完形填空)Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.句意：Axani 在他的帖中說：他并不是尋求任何回報，使用這張多余機票的女士可以選擇與他一起旅行，或者拿走機票自己旅行。

分析：本句中，that…and that…是并列的兩個賓語從句，作wrote的賓語，who uses the extra ticket為定語從句，修飾先行詞the woman。