第一篇：語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)資料復(fù)習(xí)二：主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)及名詞性從句 16開(kāi)
語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)資料二
主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)及名詞性從句
（一）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, Americanhas become more and more popular.（名詞）often speak English in class.（代詞）
of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）
（不定式）
does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞）
（名詞化的形容詞）
has not been decided.（主語(yǔ)從句）
（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）
（二）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an.（名詞）
Is it（代詞）
The weather has turned（形容詞）
The speech is（分詞）
Three times seven is（數(shù)詞）
His job is.（不定式）
His hobby（愛(ài)好）is（動(dòng)名詞）
The machineout of order.（介詞短語(yǔ)）
Time is（副詞）
The truth is（表語(yǔ)從句）
（三）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：They went to see an yesterday.（名詞）
The heavy rain prevented（代詞）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have.（數(shù)詞）
They helped（名詞化形容詞）
He pretended.（不定式短語(yǔ)）
I enjoy（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）
I think（（賓語(yǔ)從句）
賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor.（四）名詞性從句
名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此，名詞性從句廳分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位從句。
1》引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
1、連接代詞：who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等。
2、連接副詞：when, where, why, how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語(yǔ)。
3、連接詞：that, whether, if, as if。that 無(wú)詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略；if(whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。
注意：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問(wèn)句，因而從句中謂語(yǔ)不用疑問(wèn)式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分，連接詞whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if 和as if都用不上時(shí)，才用that作連接詞（that本身無(wú)任何含義）。
2》主語(yǔ)從句
1、主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句作主語(yǔ)。
e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。
e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不能省略。
e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.3）表語(yǔ)從句
1、表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。
e.g.The question was who could go there.2、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that有時(shí)可省去。
e.g.My idea is(that)we can get more comrades to help in the work.4）賓語(yǔ)從句
1、賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that一般可省略。
e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.2、介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或 whether。e.g.I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..I’m interested in what you’ve said.3、whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，常可互換。
注意：whether與if在下面情況不能互換。
①賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)，只用if，不用whether。
e.g.I wonder if it doesn’t rain.②用if 會(huì)引起誤解，就要用whether。
e.g.Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易當(dāng)成條件句理解）
③賓語(yǔ)從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換。
e.g.I don’t know whether or not the report is true.I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.④介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，以上均不能換成if。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不能用whether。
e.g.It depends on whether we have enough time.They don’t know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.5）同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ)，一般位于該名詞（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.he fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.主語(yǔ)
1．We wrote a letter of thanks to ______ had helped us.[]
A．whoB．thoseC．whomD．whoever
2．Tom's mother kept telling him that he mustn't smoke，but _____ didn't help.[]
A．heB．whichC．itD．they
3．____ you don't like him is none of my business.[]
A．WhatB．IfC．ThatD．Whether
4．Just after finishing writing the composition, _____.[]
A．the doorbell rang loudB．Nancy heard the doorbell rang
C．someone knocked at the doorD．the doorbell was rung
5．----The exam was easy, wasn't it? []
----Yes, but I don't think _____ could pass it.A．somebodyB．a(chǎn)nybodyC．nobodyD．everybody
表語(yǔ)
1．The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.[]
A．not makeB．not to makeC．not makingD．do not make
2．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.[]
A．payB．payingC．paidD．to pay
3．Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous, but which do you think ____ ?[]
A．tastes bestB．smells mostC．drinks mostlyD．sounds best
4．----Hello, Tom, where were you last night ?----____.[]
A．To Brown'sB．To the Browns'C．In Brown'sD．In the Browns'
5．Thank you very much indeed． That's ____ of you.[]
A．kindestB．most kindC．the kinderD．the most kind
賓語(yǔ)
1． Few pleasures can equal ____ of a cool drink on a hot day.[]
A．someB．a(chǎn)nyC．thatD．those
2． I hate ____ when people talk with mouths full.[]
A．itB．thatC．theseD．them
3． Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember ____.[]
A．whereB．thereC．whichD．that
4． It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.[]
A．howeverB．whateverC．whicheverD．whenever
5． I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.[
A．to goB．to have goneC．goingD．having gone
練習(xí)：名詞性從句
主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)卷
6．They live on a busy main road.______ must be very noisy.[]
A．ThereB．ItC．ThatD．They
7．I'm sure the Olympic Games will be held in 2008 in China, _______? []
A．won't itB．won't theyC．shall weD．a(chǎn)ren't I
8．While watching TV, _______.[]
A．the boy came inB．my mother was cooking
C．I heard a terrible noiseD．the doorbell rang
9．He's late,_____ is often the case.[]
A．a(chǎn)sB．whatC．itD．this
10．It was the training that he has as a young man _____ led to his success.[]
A．thatB．itC．whichD．who
11．______ about the history of that part because there is not enough written information.[
A．People know nothingB．Much is known
C．People know a lotD．Little is known
6．The meeting was put off, ____ was exactly ____ we wanted.[]
A．it；thatB．a(chǎn)s；thatC．which； whatD．this ；what
7．His suit has become loose． He seems ____ weight.[]
A．to loseB．being lostC．losingD．to have lost
8．----Did you enjoy yourself at the party？[]
----Sorry to say I didn't． It was a meeting than a party.3] ]
A．more ofB．rather likeC．less ofD．more or less
9．----Where is George？ He said he would meet me here at 3 O'clock.[]
----He seems ____ with Mr Brown in the office.A．to talkB．to be talkingC．to have talkedD．talking
10．They found there was ____ to weigh such an elephant.[]
A．big enough nothingB．nothing enough bigC．enough nothing bigD．nothing big enough
6． I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ____.[]
A．everythingB．a(chǎn)nythingC．somethingD．nothing
7．----Which newspaper shall I buy? []
----____ , whatever they have in the shop.A．AnythingB．SomethingC．Any oneD．Some one
8．I'm very sorry ____ that, I didn't do it on purpose.[]
A．doingB．to doC．having donD．to have done
9．----Does she study the subjects well?[]
----No, she studies ____.A．a(chǎn)llB．neitherC．noneD．then
10．----Which share is meant for me? []
----You can take ____ half.They're exactly the same.A．thisB．a(chǎn)nyC．eachD．either
11．----Why didn't you give me a ring?[]
----Well, I meant ____ , but later I forgot.A．telephoningB．to telephoneC．having telephonedD．to have telephoned
12．He is either swimming or boating, I don't know ____.[]
A．whatB．whenC．whichD．where
13．----May I help you with some gloves, sir?[]
----Yes, I'd like to try on those blue ____.A．oneB．onesC．twoD．pair
14．----Don't you believe me?[]
----____ ,I'll believe ____ you say.A．No;whateverB．Yes;no matter whatC．No;no matter whatD．Yes;whatever
15．----Why did you come a long way round?[]
----I was afraid ____ near the fierce dog because I was afraid ____.A．of walking;to be bitten
B．to walk;of being bitten
C．to walk;to be bitten
D．of walking;of being bitten
16．I had no idea which was better, so I took ____ of them.[]
A．a(chǎn)nyB．everyC．noneD．both
17．----I'd like to invite you to a concert this evening.[]
----Thank you, but ____ I'll have time I'm not sure at the moment.A．whileB．ifC．whenD．whether
18．----Oh, you look very pretty![]
----Thank you, but I have ____.A．a(chǎn) little white hairB．some white hairs
C．much white hairD．quite a few white hair
19．When I returned, mother happened ____ in the kitchen.[]
A．to be cookingB．to coo
C．to have cookedD．to be cooked
第二篇：(新概念英語(yǔ))高中英語(yǔ) 第二冊(cè) 語(yǔ)法總結(jié) 名詞性從句表語(yǔ)從句
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：名詞性從句（2）表語(yǔ)從句
（二）表語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。
1.that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)含義，不作成分，通常不省。1)表示事實(shí)、真理等的實(shí)際內(nèi)容。The fact is that he is lying.The odds are that he will not do it.2）表示某人的意見(jiàn)、信念等的實(shí)際內(nèi)容。Our belief is that things will improve.The trouble is that we are short of money.2.whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句（不可用if)。
His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet.The question is whether people will buy it.3.連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。This is what I want.The question is who can be chosen to be manager of the company.My question is which of them is better.4.連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。
The problem seemed how we could make him understand it.The question is where we should go.5.as if, as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句（常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）。He looks as if he were angry.It looks as if it's going to rain.專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：
1.The question is ______ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that B.if C.when D.whether
2．The reason why he failed is ______ he was too careless.A.because B.that C.for D.because of
3.Go and get your coat.It's ______ you left it.A.where B.there C.there where D.where there
4．The problem is ______ to take the place of Ted
A.who can we get B.what we can get C.who we can get D.that we can get
5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填
6.The reason is ______I missed the bus.A.that B.when C.why D.what
7.That is ______ we were late last time.A.that B.when C.why D.what
8.She looked ______ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like C.as D.as though
9.--I fell sick!
--I think it is ______ you are doing too much.A.why B.when C.what D.because
10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ______.A.because his mother is ill B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill D.for his mother is ill
11.--He was born here.--That is ______ he likes the place so much.A.that B.what C.why D.how
12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what B.where C.that D.why
KEYS
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.B
第三篇：(新概念英語(yǔ))高中英語(yǔ) 第二冊(cè) 語(yǔ)法總結(jié) 名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：名詞性從句（1）主語(yǔ)從句
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：
名詞性從句包括：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞有： A.連詞：that, whether, if（這三個(gè)詞都不作從句的成分，同時(shí)，that無(wú)含義，而whether和if都表“是否”）
B.疑問(wèn)代詞：who, whom, whose, what, which C.疑問(wèn)副詞：when, where, why, how
（一）主語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句。
1.that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句
that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不同于其他的連詞，既無(wú)詞義也不作成分，只起單純的連接作用，且通常不可以省。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句而置之于句首時(shí)，that不可省。①That the driver could not control his car was obvious.②That she was chosen made us very happy.③That he will come is certain.④That he would take the risk is true.⑤That he should have married her isn't surprising.★通常，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用it做形式主語(yǔ)，把從句置于句尾，此時(shí)that有時(shí)可省。例如：
①I(mǎi)t was obvious that the driver could not control his car.②It made us very happy that she was chosen.③It is certain that he will come.④It is true that he would take the risk.⑤It isn't surprising(that)he should have married her.★如果以that從句為主語(yǔ)的句子是疑問(wèn)句，就只能用先行詞it結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： ①I(mǎi)s it certain that he will come?
②Is it true that he would take the risk?
▲it做形式主語(yǔ)有以下幾種不同的結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)It + be + 形容詞+ that-從句 ①I(mǎi)t is likely that he will come.②It is strange that she has ever trusted him.③It is important that he(should)attend the meeting.④It is best that he(should)go.此句型在表示驚訝、喜悅、遺憾等感情色彩時(shí)，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也常用(should)+ v原形。
It is strange that no one should have objected to the plan.(2)It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It's a pity that he should have catched the train.(3)It + be +-ed分詞 + that從句
It is said that he is a famous writer.It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon.▲在表示建議、要求、命令等意義的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用(should)do。（參見(jiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣部分）
It is suggested that the meeting(should)be held this afternoon.It is demanded that he(should)leave at once.(4)It + seem/happen/appear等不及物動(dòng)詞 + that從句。（look不接that從句，它接to be結(jié)構(gòu)或形容詞）
It seems that he is wrong.It appears that they are in urgent need of help.He looks(to be)surprised/happy/sad.2.whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，意為“是否”，只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分。（置于句首時(shí)必須用whether引導(dǎo)，置于句尾時(shí)，間或可用if。）Whether he will win the game is not clear.Whether he will come is uncertain.Whether she comes or not doesn't concern me.It is not clear whether/if he will come.It was uncertain whether he would come.3.連詞代詞what, who, which, whose等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞作用相當(dāng)于代詞，在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。What we need is more time.Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.Whose book it is not important.Which school you want to go matters much.4.連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。這些連接副詞相當(dāng)于副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。
Why he did this is not known.When he will come is still unknown.It is not known why he did this.How he succeeded is unknown to us.Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed.注意：wh-引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句也常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。
5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論什么”、“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”、“無(wú)論何時(shí)”、“無(wú)論在（到）哪里”等。Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right.Whatever he gave you should be handed in.Whoever told you that was lying.Whoever comes is welcome.專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：
1.______ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever
2.It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for
3.When and why he came here ______ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not known
4.______ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late D.Being a few minutes late
5.______Tom liked to eat was different from ______.A.That?that you had expected B.What ?that you had expected C.That?what you had expected D.What?what you had expected
6.______ we go swimming every day ______ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does
7.It ______ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that
8.It's uncertain ______ the experiment is worth doing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how
9.______ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which
10.______ we can't get seems better than ______ we have.A.What, what B.What, that C.That, that D.That, what
(后設(shè)答案，大家不要偷看(⊙o⊙)哦，(*^__^*)嘻嘻??)
KEYS
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.A
第四篇：002-名詞性從句中的主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的用法(2018-08-02)
名詞性從句中的主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的用法，今天接著跟大家分享表語(yǔ)從句的用法。
一、何謂“表語(yǔ)”？
說(shuō)到表語(yǔ)從句，就不得不先說(shuō)說(shuō)什么是“表語(yǔ)”。
表語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)區(qū)別于漢語(yǔ)所特有的一種詞類，是起表述作用的句子成分： 從形式上講，它是位于系動(dòng)詞之后的成分；
從含義上講，它是用來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)“是什么或是怎么樣”的成分。
表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的。表語(yǔ)必須和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作為句子的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)通常由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞以及從句來(lái)充當(dāng)。
二、何謂“表語(yǔ)從句”？
當(dāng)句子的表語(yǔ)由從句來(lái)充當(dāng)時(shí)，這個(gè)從句就叫做表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句一般都是位于系動(dòng)詞之后的。
三、表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞
常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有：
That whether what/who/whom/whose/which when/where/why/how及其短語(yǔ)
（一）that: 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只起連接作用，不在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)任何句子成分。如： His advice is that we should leave for Shanghai before dawn.Her plan is that she will call the police first and then try to stop the thief from running away.【注意】當(dāng)名詞主語(yǔ)是表示建議、命令、要求等含義（如advice、order、idea、notion、proposal、suggestion、request等）時(shí)，其表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要采用“should+do”的形式，should可以省略。如：
The officer's order was that all the soldiers(should)never surrender to the enemy.（二）whether 當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句要表達(dá)“是否”的含義時(shí)，連接詞要用whether。如： His question is whether they can arrive in London on time.需要注意的是，盡管if也可以表示“是否”的含義，但在表語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether，不能用if。
這些疑問(wèn)代詞如果用來(lái)連接表語(yǔ)從句，既起著連接作用，同時(shí)又在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如： My concern is what he really expects to get from us.Her question is who has broken the glass.Our dilemma is which side we should take.Their worry is whom she can rely on.His puzzle is whose money it belongs to.（四）when/where/why/how及其短語(yǔ)
這些疑問(wèn)副詞如果用來(lái)連接表語(yǔ)從句，既起著連接作用，同時(shí)又在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，一般作狀語(yǔ)。如：
The question is when he will show up at the party tomorrow.He remains where I was last night.That's why he was late for school this morning.Her concern is how he managed to climb into her kitchen yesterday.【注意】當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that連接，而不是because。如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the first morning bus.四、表語(yǔ)從句的特殊連接詞
除了以上常見(jiàn)的連接詞外，還有一些特殊的連接詞可以用來(lái)連接表語(yǔ)從句。
（一）(just)as 表示“正如”，經(jīng)常與表象系動(dòng)詞look/seem/appear搭配使用。如： She looks just as she was ten years ago.（二）as if/though 表示“好像”，也常與表象系動(dòng)詞look/seem/appear搭配使用。如： It looks as if/though it's going to rain soon.【注意】
這種情況下，as if/though后面的表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，其用法是：該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要采用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：
She acts as if/though she were the hostess of this house.They looked as if/though they had lived here for a long time.（三）because 前面講到why可以用來(lái)連接表語(yǔ)從句，其實(shí)because也可以用來(lái)連接表語(yǔ)從句。如： She is very familiar with the film.This is because she has already seen the film.【注意】
在這種情況下，盡管since/for/as都可以表示原因，但這三個(gè)詞不能用來(lái)連接表語(yǔ)從句。
一、何謂“同位語(yǔ)”？ 當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）用來(lái)限定或說(shuō)明另一個(gè)名詞或代詞時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語(yǔ)。
同位語(yǔ)與被它修飾的詞在格式上要保持一致，而且同位語(yǔ)一般都是緊跟所修飾的詞語(yǔ)的。同位語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞語(yǔ)關(guān)系緊密時(shí)，不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；同位語(yǔ)對(duì)其所修飾的詞語(yǔ)只作補(bǔ)充解釋時(shí)，可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。如：
1)My sister Mary will visit me tomorrow morning.2)Last Saturday, I met my old friend, James Brown.第1)句中的Mary就是my sister的同位語(yǔ)，第2)句中的James Brown就是my old friend的同位語(yǔ)，指的都是同一個(gè)人。
二、同位語(yǔ)的分類
（一）名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)
Jack, the mayor, will attend the meeting next Friday.句中的the mayor作Jack的同位語(yǔ)。
Jerry, our beloved pet dog, has lived with us for eight years.句中的our beloved pet dog作Jerry的同位語(yǔ)。
（二）直接引語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)
Now let's get down to the girl's question, “Who will take over the job?” 句中引號(hào)的直接引語(yǔ)就作為question的同位語(yǔ)。
（三）句子作同位語(yǔ)
I don't believe the fact that she is a spy.句中的she is a spy作the fact的同位語(yǔ)。
三、何謂“同位語(yǔ)從句”？
當(dāng)一個(gè)句子用來(lái)充當(dāng)某個(gè)名詞或代詞的同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)句子就是該名詞或代詞的同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句主要用來(lái)對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，被解釋說(shuō)明的詞和同位語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主表關(guān)系。如：
The idea that we will visit Paris next week excites every one of us.句中的同位語(yǔ)從句we will visit Paris next week與the idea之間就是主表關(guān)系，即同位語(yǔ)從句和它所修飾的成分之間其實(shí)可以用系動(dòng)詞連接起來(lái)。如：
The idea is that we will visit Paris next week.四、同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞語(yǔ)通常有連詞that、whether、連接代詞和連接副詞等。
（一）that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句
They are very excited to hear the news that they have won the game.The fact that he stole the money yesterday shocks us all.【注意】
1、當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞為表建議、命令、要求等的時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞呀采用“should+do”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。其中，should可以省略。如 They were faced with the demand that this tax(should)be abolished.They expressed the wish that he(should)leave the country as soon as possible.2、引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。如： He picked up his luggage and gave the impression he was boarding the waiting train.句中的impression后面就省略了that。
（二）whether引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句
當(dāng)whether用來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其所修飾的名詞往往是表問(wèn)題或疑惑的名詞。如： There is some doubt whether he will come.The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.注意：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
（三）連接代詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句
常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接代詞有what、who、whom、whose、which等。如： I'm wondering the puzzle who has taken away my umbrella.He has no idea what time he should leave tomorrow.（四）連接副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句
常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接副詞有when、where、why、how及其-ever結(jié)構(gòu)。如： She has no idea when the plane will arrive.It is a question how he managed to solve the mystery.He had no idea why she had left without saying goodbye to anyone.五、同位語(yǔ)從句的分隔
有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句會(huì)與其所修飾的名詞分開(kāi)。如：
The story goes that she has won the race many times.The rumour spread that a new governor would be appointed here.Report has it that many citizens died in the earthquake last night.The order soon came that all soldiers(should)retreat under no circumstances.由以上例句可以看出，當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)從句與其所修飾的名詞分開(kāi)時(shí)，往往是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)名詞是主句的主語(yǔ)，其后緊跟的是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
三、定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)從句與先行詞之間的關(guān)系，可以分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，具體內(nèi)容請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下面藍(lán)色的標(biāo)題鏈接瀏覽：
一站式掌握英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的用法
（一）一站式掌握英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的用法
（二）一站式掌握英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的用法
（三）一、定義
用來(lái)修飾句子中的名詞或代詞或其短語(yǔ)的從句，就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。其實(shí)，就是拿句子來(lái)做名詞、代詞或是其短語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。如： It's a book.I bought the book yesterday.以上兩句話中，都有book一詞，所以可以用定語(yǔ)從句把兩句話連起來(lái)。即： It's the book that I bought yesterday.這句話中that引導(dǎo)的I bought yesterday就是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)修飾the book。
二、兩個(gè)概念
要想學(xué)好定語(yǔ)從句，得先弄清楚兩個(gè)基本概念，即：先行詞和關(guān)系詞。
（一）先行詞
所謂先行詞，就是指定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的成分。這個(gè)名稱倒是挺形象的，為什么？因?yàn)橄刃性~永遠(yuǎn)出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面，總是先走一步的，呵呵！
（二）關(guān)系詞 所謂關(guān)系詞，就是指用來(lái)連接定語(yǔ)從句的詞語(yǔ)。關(guān)系詞可以分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。需要注意的是，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞都要在從句中充當(dāng)成分的，所以是不可或缺的，盡管當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，經(jīng)常可以省略（本文會(huì)繼續(xù)講到這個(gè)情況）。
我們?cè)趤?lái)看一下在第一節(jié)里出現(xiàn)的句子：
It's the book that I bought yesterday.句中的the book就是先行詞，被后面的從句I bought yesterday所修飾。而that就是關(guān)系代詞，用來(lái)連接I bought yesterday，同時(shí)又在從句作bought的賓語(yǔ)，而且可以省略。
定語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習(xí)，其實(shí)就是有關(guān)根據(jù)先行詞的特點(diǎn)選擇合適的關(guān)系詞的學(xué)習(xí)。
三、分類
按照定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系緊密與否，可以分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。
（一）限定性定語(yǔ)從句
限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起著修飾限定作用，是不可或缺的。如：
These are the apples that/which they sent us two days ago.（二）非限定性定語(yǔ)從句
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起著補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，可要可不要。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句都會(huì)被逗號(hào)與先行詞隔開(kāi)。如：
They have to walk to the South Pole, which is out of a plane's reach.【注意】
1、當(dāng)先行詞具有唯一性的時(shí)候，就只能采用非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，否則就會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義或誤解。如：
限定性定語(yǔ)從句：His wife who is now in Paris is one of my old classmates.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：His wife, who is now in Paris, is one of my old classmates.因?yàn)橄薅ㄐ远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起著修飾限定作用，所以具有特指功能，所以第一句中的限定性定語(yǔ)從句意味著是特指他在巴黎的妻子，其潛臺(tái)詞就是他不只一個(gè)妻子，也許在上海或者在紐約等其他地方還有妻子。
而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只對(duì)先行詞起著補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，沒(méi)有特指功能，所以第二句中的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明他的妻子現(xiàn)在人在巴黎這個(gè)事實(shí)。
2、that和why不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句
that不能用來(lái)連接非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，具體的請(qǐng)看下一節(jié)的內(nèi)容。
而why因?yàn)榭偸蔷o跟先行詞reason，所以也不能用于引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。如： That's the reason why he was late for school this morning.在reason和why之間，不能插入逗號(hào)。
四、關(guān)系代詞 英語(yǔ)里能夠用來(lái)連接定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有： that：表人或物 which：表物
who：表人（主格或賓格）whom：表人（賓格）whose：表人或物（所有格）
（一）that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞既可能是人，也可能是物。如： This is the photo that I took during the trip in France.He is the man that will visit our school next week.【注意】
1、當(dāng)that的先行詞表物時(shí)，可以用which來(lái)替換。此外，當(dāng)that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。如： This is the photo that/which I took during the trip in France.This is the photo I took during the trip in France.句中的先行詞the photo在從句I took during the trip in France中作took的賓語(yǔ)，所以可以省略。
2、不能用that的情況
1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句以介詞開(kāi)頭時(shí)，一般不用that，而要用which或whom。如： This is the pet dog for which I paid five hundred pounds.She is the girl to whom I talked just now.兩句話的定語(yǔ)從句分別以介詞for和to開(kāi)頭，所以后面不能再用that，而要采用which和whom。
2）當(dāng)先行詞是that時(shí)，往往用which來(lái)替換。如： We have that which we need.此時(shí)，that which往往可以用what來(lái)替換，因此我們可以把上面的句子改為： We have what we need.3）在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中。如：
錯(cuò)誤：His aunt, that is our maths teacher, often gives us candies as gifts.正確：His aunt, who is our maths teacher, often gives us candies as gifts.3、只能用that的情況
1）當(dāng)先行詞為everything、all，little、much等不定代詞時(shí)。如： All that glitters is not gold.2）當(dāng)先行詞被all、every、no、any、some、little、much、one修飾時(shí)。如： Don't waste any water that is reusable.3）當(dāng)先行詞被the only、the very、the same、the last修飾時(shí)。如： They are the only students that will attend the meeting.4）當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：
This is the first time that I have ever heard about a ghost.5）當(dāng)先行詞是be的表語(yǔ)或there be 的主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如： There are five pens that will be on display tomorrow.6）當(dāng)先行詞有人又有物時(shí)。如：
We don't like the teacher and his lessons that are not interesting at all.7）當(dāng)主句是以who或which及其-ever結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如： Whoever that breaks the law will be punished.4、多用who、不用that的情況
1）當(dāng)先行詞為anyone、one、ones時(shí)。如：He is the one who will teach us English.2）當(dāng)先行詞為those、he和people時(shí)。如：
Those who want to ask questions need to write them down first.繼續(xù)分享其他關(guān)系代詞的用法，即which、who、whom和whose的用法。
四、關(guān)系代詞
（二）which的用法
which用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞都是表物的。如：
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：He sent me five books, which helped me a lot in my English exam.限定性定語(yǔ)從句：This is the ship which I travelled on two months ago.第一句中的which helped me a lot in my Englsh exam作為five books的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明了這五本書(shū)對(duì)我英語(yǔ)考試的幫助。
第二句中的which I travelled on two months ago作為the ship的限定性定語(yǔ)從句，特指這艘輪船是我兩個(gè)月前乘坐的那艘。【注意】
1、當(dāng)which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往可以省略。比如上面的限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的which就可以省略，即：
This is the ship I travelled on two months ago.但是，當(dāng)which前面有介詞時(shí)，就不能省略。比如上面這句話就可以改為： This is the ship on which I travelled two months ago.2、as與which的區(qū)別
as和which都可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而且可以指代整個(gè)主句。但是，兩者在用法上存在一定差別。
1）兩者都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如： They love each other, as/which is natural.He doesn't like it, as/which we can see.2）as有“正如或正像”的意思，其引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，位置可在句首、句末或句中。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。如：
As is known to all, man cannot live without air./ Man cannot live without air, as is known to all./ Man, as is known to all, cannot live without air.It is said that he can type 200 words within one minute, which I don't believe.3）當(dāng)主從句是因果關(guān)系時(shí)，一般都用which。如：
He is always complaining about everyting, which annoys everyone around him.4）如果先行詞中含有such或the same時(shí)，則用as。如： He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same book as she lost yesterday.需要注意的是：當(dāng)先行詞含有the same時(shí)，偶爾也用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)與as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思是不一樣的。如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.（她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。）
She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.（她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。）
（三）who who主要用在當(dāng)先行詞表人的情況下，一般在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)也可以作賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于whom。如：
He's the man who bought these books just now.The man who I served was wearing a hat.第一句中的who在從句中作bought的主語(yǔ)，而第二句中的who則作served的賓語(yǔ)。需要注意的是，當(dāng)介詞位于定語(yǔ)從句的句首時(shí)，就不能用who，而要用whom。如： She is the girl about whom the man talked at the meeting an hour ago.who也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。如：
The manager, who comes from Japan, told me to help you with your project.（四）whom whom主要用在當(dāng)先行詞表人的情況下，在從句中充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如： The boy whom you met on the street just now is one of cousins.He is the man from whom you ought to ask for help.whom也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。如：
The soldiers, some of whom come from Alaska, will be sent to Iraq next week.（五）whose whose是所有格形式，所以在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后面會(huì)緊跟一個(gè)名詞。其先行詞既可能是人，也可能是物。如：
The boy whose father is a professor studies very hard.Are there any rooms whose windows face the sea? whose也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。如：
I decided to write about Chaplin, whose films are still very popular among a large audience.五、關(guān)系副詞
英語(yǔ)里常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系副詞有when、where、why。
（一）when when用作關(guān)系副詞時(shí)，先行詞都是表時(shí)間的，此時(shí)when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如 I will never forget the days when we spent our summer holiday in the mountainous village.此時(shí)的when相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”的用法。如上句可以改為：
I will never forget the days during which we spent our summer holiday in the mountainous village.【注意】
1、盡管先行詞是表時(shí)間的，但有的時(shí)候也會(huì)使用關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞往往在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如：
I will never forget the days that/which we spent together in the mountainous village.關(guān)系代詞that/which，用作從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)。
2、when有時(shí)也會(huì)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，但有時(shí)也會(huì)使用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如： He was born in 1976, when some of China's great leaders passed away.I just can't forget my childhood days, some of which have already had their longlasting influence upon my present life.（二）where where用作關(guān)系副詞時(shí)，先行詞都是表地點(diǎn)的，此時(shí)where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如： This is the house where the soldiers once took shelter from the enemies.與when的用法相似的是，此時(shí)的where相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”的用法。如上句可以改為： This is the house in which the soldiers once took shelter from the enemies.【注意】
1、與when的用法相似的是，盡管先行詞是表地點(diǎn)的，但有的時(shí)候也會(huì)使用關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞往往在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如： This is the house that/which we visited last year.關(guān)系代詞that/which，用作從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞visited的賓語(yǔ)。
2、同樣與when的用法相似的是，where有時(shí)也會(huì)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí)的where也常可以用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換。如：
My brother works in a faraway mountainous town, where he can always enjoy a stunning view of the beautiful mountains.句中的where就可以替換為from which，即：
My brother works in a faraway mountainous town, from which he can always enjoy a stunning view of the beautiful mountains.（三）why 與when和where不同的是，why用作關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞一定是reason，而且只能用在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，即中間不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。如 That is the reason why he has left for Shanghai.【注意】在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，why也經(jīng)常可以省略。如：
This is the reason I opened the window at this time of the day.六、定語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為短語(yǔ)
有時(shí)出于結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)潔的需要，定語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
不過(guò)，不是所有的定語(yǔ)從句都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的，一般只有當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候才可以轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)。如：
定語(yǔ)從句1：The woman who is standing behind the counter served me just now.短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)1：The woman standing behind the counter served me just now.定語(yǔ)從句2：The woman who served me just now is standing behind the counter.短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)2：The woman serving me just now is standing behind the counter.定語(yǔ)從句3：The woman who has already left served me just now.短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)3：The woman having already left served me just now.【注意】當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，也有的情況下是不能轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)的，一般是當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或will或would等助動(dòng)詞時(shí)。如以下兩句話中的定語(yǔ)從句就不能轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：
The woman who can dance is Jack's mother.The woman who will visit her is her aunt.四、狀語(yǔ)從句
英語(yǔ)里總共有三大類從句，即名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。我們之前已經(jīng)分享過(guò)名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容：
名詞性從句
主要包括四類（請(qǐng)戳下面的標(biāo)題回顧相關(guān)的具體內(nèi)容）：
主語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句
分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，具體可參看（請(qǐng)戳下面的標(biāo)題回顧相關(guān)的具體內(nèi)容）：
一站式掌握英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的用法
（一）一站式掌握英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的用法
（二）一站式掌握英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的用法
（三）狀語(yǔ)從句主要包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、原因、結(jié)果、比較、方式、條件和讓步九種，具體內(nèi)容：
一、定義:顧名思義，狀語(yǔ)從句就是指句子中的狀語(yǔ)原本是由單詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)模?dāng)狀語(yǔ)是由句子來(lái)充當(dāng)時(shí)，這個(gè)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的句子就叫狀語(yǔ)從句。如： He left the party at eight.He left the party when it was eight.第一句中的at eight是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，是由短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
第二句中的when it was eight也是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但是由句子來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)模@個(gè)句子就叫（時(shí)間）狀語(yǔ)從句。
二、分類:英語(yǔ)里的狀語(yǔ)總共有九種，即：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、比較、方式、讓步。而英語(yǔ)里的狀語(yǔ)從句也因此包括這九種，接下去我們就一一來(lái)梳理這九種從句的用法。需要注意的是，狀語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習(xí)其實(shí)就是有關(guān)連接這些狀語(yǔ)從句的連接副詞的學(xué)習(xí)。
三、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 常連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：
when, while, as;before, after;as soon as, hardly...when..., no sooner...than...;till, until;since;by, by the time, by the end of。
（一）when、while和as的用法
三者都表示“當(dāng)...時(shí)候”，需要注意的是：
1、當(dāng)所要描述的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)
1）when要采用“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則，即：主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
When he comes, I will tell him the good news.需要注意的是，此時(shí)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然采用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但其實(shí)是表將來(lái)的。如上句中的he comes，他其實(shí)還沒(méi)來(lái)。
此外，主句也有可能是祈使句或是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子。如： When he comes, please tell him the good news.When he comes, you can tell him the good news.2）as的用法跟when差不多，但其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可以使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： A sudden chill of horror sweeps over her as she feels the drip of saliva upon her hand.（當(dāng)她感覺(jué)到滴到她雙手上的唾液時(shí)，恐怖的寒栗突然遍布了她全身。）
3）while所在的句子主從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般都采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
While my mother is cooking in the kitchen, my father is working in the garden.2、當(dāng)所要描述的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去時(shí)間時(shí)
1）when所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
When he entered the room, she was playing the piano.But when I returned the door was open.需要注意的是，when也有可能表示“正在這時(shí)”。如：
I was walking in the park, when a little child bumped into me.（我正在公園里散步，這時(shí)一個(gè)小孩撞到了我懷里。）
2）as與while的用法差不多，即：as和while所在的句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而另外一個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則采用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： As/While the royal visitors were passing by, the crowd burst into cheers.As/While she was reading in the study, he was watching TV in the living room.（二）before和after的用法 before表示“在...之前”，after表示“在...之后”。使用時(shí)要注意要描述的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí)基于現(xiàn)在時(shí)間還是過(guò)去時(shí)間。
1、基于現(xiàn)在時(shí)間
這時(shí)，其用法基本遵循時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的“主將從現(xiàn)原則”，即before或after所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如： Before the guests come, we will have to clean the house.After he comes, we will set out for Shanghai.2、基于過(guò)去時(shí)間
這時(shí)，before所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而after所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
Before it began to rain, she had already arrived home.After she had arrived home, it began to rain.（三）“一...就...”的表達(dá)
英語(yǔ)里常用來(lái)表“一...就...”的結(jié)構(gòu)主要有：as soon as, hardly...when..., no sooner...than...。、1、as soon as as soon as既可以用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間中，也可以用在過(guò)去時(shí)間中。當(dāng)用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間中時(shí)，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則；當(dāng)用在過(guò)去時(shí)間中時(shí)，as soon as所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)（如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性很強(qiáng)，則采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）。如： 現(xiàn)在時(shí)間：As soon as she comes to the party, we will give her a big surprise.過(guò)去時(shí)間：As soon as he got to the station, the train left/had left.2、hardly...when...和no sooner...than...這兩個(gè)句型都表示“一...就...”，而且用法都差不多，即when和than所在的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如： He had hardly arrived at school when the class began.He had no sooner arrived at school than the class began.需要注意的是，hardly有時(shí)可以換成scarcely或rarely或barely。
3、特殊表達(dá)
英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表達(dá)“一...就...”的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：the moment/instant/minute/second...；immediately/instantly/directly...；at/on等。如： He came directly I called.The moment she gets off the bus, we will give her a big hug.On hearing the news, he burst into cries.（四）till和until 都表示“直到...時(shí)候”，兩者一般可以相互替換，但till多用于肯定句，until多用于否定句。如：
She will stay in the office till he comes back.She won't leave the office until he comes back.需要注意的是，until常與not搭配使用，而且會(huì)用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。如： He didn't arrive until the film had already begun.It was not until the film had already begun that he arrived.（五）since 當(dāng)since用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意思是“自從...以來(lái)”，其往往被當(dāng)作是主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：
Since he was born, he has lived here for over eighty years.Since we last met, we haven't seen each other for more than ten years.（六）by、by the time和by the end of 這組結(jié)構(gòu)都表示“到...時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂保渲骶渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般都要采用完成時(shí)。需要注意的是，這些結(jié)構(gòu)后面所接的時(shí)間不同，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要采用不同的完成時(shí)態(tài)。
1、后接將來(lái)時(shí)間
這時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要采用將來(lái)完成時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： He will have read ten books by next Friday this month.She will have been learning English for ten years by the end of this term.They will have already left by the time she comes.2、后接過(guò)去時(shí)間
這時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要采用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：
They had learned English for ten years by last Saturday.The students had already left the party by the time she arrived.We had worked on the bridge for two years by the end of last month.
第五篇：【陽(yáng)光學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)精選】高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)配套練習(xí)3 名詞性從句
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語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)三：名詞性從句
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名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此，名詞性從句廳分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位從句。
（一）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
1、連接代詞：who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等。
2、連接副詞：when, where, why, how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語(yǔ)。
3、連接詞：that, whether, if, as if。that 無(wú)詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略；if(whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。
注意：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問(wèn)句，因而從句中謂語(yǔ)不用疑問(wèn)式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分，連接詞whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if 和as if都用不上時(shí)，才用that作連接詞（that本身無(wú)任何含義）。
（二）主語(yǔ)從句
1、主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句作主語(yǔ)。
e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。
e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不能省略。
e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（三）表語(yǔ)從句
1、表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。
e.g.The question was who could go there.2、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that有時(shí)可省去。
e.g.My idea is(that)we can get more comrades to help in the work.（四）賓語(yǔ)從句
1、賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that一般可省略。
e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.2、介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或 whether。
e.g.I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..I’m interested in what you’ve said.3、whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，常可互換。但下面情況不能互換。
①賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)，只用if，不用whether。
e.g.I wonder if it doesn’t rain.②用if 會(huì)引起誤解，就要用whether。
e.g.Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易當(dāng)成條件句
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理解）
③賓語(yǔ)從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換。e.g.I don’t know whether or not the report is true.I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.④介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，以上均不能換成if。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不能用whether。
e.g.It depends on whether we have enough time.They don’t know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.（五）同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ)，一般位于該名詞（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.練習(xí)：名詞性從句
一、判斷下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句，并指出是什么從句：
1.China is no longer what it used to be.2.The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3.It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7.That is where Lu Xun used to live.8.He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9.Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10.I wonder why she refused my invitation.二、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空：
1.I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.2.That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.3.I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4.____________ we need is more time.5.The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6.____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.7.Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.8.Is that ____________ you are looking for? 9.Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is? 10.I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.家長(zhǎng)看得見(jiàn)的輔導(dǎo) | 免費(fèi)試聽(tīng)，滿意再學(xué) | 100%一線在職教師16
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三、選擇填空：
1.Do you see _____ I mean? A.that
B./
C.how
D.what 2.Tell me_____ is on your mind.A.that
B.what
C.which
D.why 3.We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.A.what
B.that
C./
D.how 4.Let me see _____.A.that can I repair the radio B.whether-I can repair the radio C.I can repair the radio
D.whether can I repair the radio 5.Keep in mind _____.A.that the teacher said
B.what did the teacher say C.that did the teacher say D.what the teacher said 6.Could you advise me _____? A.which book should I read first B.what book should I read first C.that book 1 should read first D.which book I should read first 7.He was criticized for _____.A.he had done it B.what he had done
C.what had he done
D.that he had done it 8.Would you kindly tell me _____? A.how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station B.how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station C.where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station D.whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station 9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _____.A.what had she seen in China B.that she had seen in China C.what she had seen in China D.which had she seen in China 10.We took it for granted ___ A.that they were not coming B.that were they not coming C.they were coming not D.were they not coining 11.I really don't know _____ A.I should do next B.what should I do next C.what I should do next D.how I should do next 12.I'm afraid _____.A.the little girl will have to be operated on B.that will the little girl have to operate on C.the little girl will have to operate on D.that will the little girl have to be operated on 13.She walked up to _____.A.where did I stand
B.where I stood
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C.I stood there
D.where I stood there 14.Can you tell me _____? A.who is that gentleman
B.that gentleman is who C.who that gentleman is
D.whom.is that gentleman 15.We'll give you _____.A.that do you need
B.what do you need C.whatever you need
D.whether do you need 16.They want us to know _____ to help us.A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can
D.how can they 17.We must put _____ into practice.A.what we have learned
B.that we have learned C.that have we learned
D.what have we learned 18.Did she say anything about _____? A.that the work was to be done B.how was the work to be done C.that was the work to be done D.how the work was to be done 19.He was never satisfied with _____.A.what she had achieved
B.had what she achieved C.she had achieved
D.that she achieved 20.These photographs will show you _____.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 21.Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.A.on that
B.what
C.that
D.on which 22.They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.A.when
B.where C.why
D.that 23.We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.A.what you did
B.that you had done C.that what you did
D.what did you do 24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.A.what
B.that
C.which
D./ 25.From _____ I should say he is a good worker.A.what 1 know of him
B.that I do know of him C.what do I know of him
D.that do I know of him 26.I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.A.whomever
B.anyone C.whoever D.someone 27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.A.What
B.That
C.When D.Where 28._____ was said here must be kept secret.A.Who
B.The thing C.Whatever
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29.It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.A.if
B.that
C.what
D.when 30.I'm going anyway._____ she will go is up to her to decide.A.If or not B.Whether or not C.If
D.That 31.It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 32.It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.A.what
B.that
C.why
D.where 33._____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.A.That
B.When
C.What
D.Whether 34.It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.A.if
B.whether
C.why
D.that 35.It doesn' t matter _____he' s come back or not.A.if
B.whether
C.that
D.when 36.It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.A.when
B.that
C.why
D.where 37.It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.A.when
B.why
C.where
D.that 38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.A.What
B.That
C.Which
D.The things 39._____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.A.Anyone
B.The person C.Whoever
D.Who 40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.A.Whether
B.If
C.Whenever
D.That 41._____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.A.That
B.Whoever
C.Whether
D.Whether or not 42.__ we need more equipment is quite obvious.A.What
B.Whether
C.That
D.Whatever 43.Has it been announced _____? A.when are the planes to take off B.that are the planes to take off C.where are the planes to take off D.when the planes are to take off 44.That is _____ we all support his idea.A.what
B.why
C.where D.when 45.That’s _____ we should do.A.that
B.what
C.how
D.why 46._____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said
A.What;that;what
B.What;what;what C.That;that;what
D.Why;that;which 47.Things were not _____ they seemed to be.家長(zhǎng)看得見(jiàn)的輔導(dǎo) | 免費(fèi)試聽(tīng)，滿意再學(xué) | 100%一線在職教師19
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A.when
B.why
C.that
D.what 48.That’s _____ I want to say.A.all what B.what
C.all which D.what that 49.That’s _____.A.where our differences lie B.our differences lie there C.where do our differences lie D.that where our differences lie 50.That is _____.A.where lived he there
B.where did he live C.where he lived
D.that where he lived 51.The questions is _____.A.whether is it worth doing B.that if it is worth doing C.whether it is worth doing D.if it is worth doing 52.Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A.how
B.which C.what
D.as 53.That's_____.A.how did I become a teacher B.how I became a teacher C.how a teacher I became D.that I became a teacher 54.They are just _____.A.that what shall I have
B.what shall I have C.that I shall have what
D.what I shall have 55.It looked ____.A.as if it was going to rain B.that as if it was going to rain C.as if was it going to rain D.as if that it was going to rain 56.That's_____.A.how she did it
B.that how did she do it.C.how did she do it
D.what she did it 57.That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.A.where B.which C.that
D.why 58.That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.A.where B.at which C.there where D.when 59.My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.A.if
B.that
C.when that D.that where 60.The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.A.what
B.that
C.why
D.if 61.We heard the news _____ our team had won.A.that
B.what
C.whether D.why 62.The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.A.why
B.if C.that
D.whether 63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.家長(zhǎng)看得見(jiàn)的輔導(dǎo) | 免費(fèi)試聽(tīng)，滿意再學(xué) | 100%一線在職教師20
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A.that
B.where C.that when
D.when 64.We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.A.whether B.that
C.why
D.when 65.They have no idea at all _____.A.where he has gone
B.where did he go C.where has he gone
D.which place he has gone
語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)三：名詞性從句
一、1、表語(yǔ)從句；
2、同位語(yǔ)從句；
3、不是；
4、主語(yǔ)從句；
5、同位語(yǔ)從句；
6、不是；
7、表語(yǔ)從句；
8、賓語(yǔ)從句；
9、不是；
10、賓語(yǔ)從句
二、1.which;2.why;3.how;4.What;5.that;6.when, where;7.who(m);8.what;9.where;10.whether
三、1~5 DBABD 6~10 DBBCA 11~15 CABCC 16~20 BADAB 21~25 CDAAA
26~30 CCCDB 31~35 ABCDB 36~40 BDACD 41~45 BCDBB 46~50 ADBAC
51~55 CCBDA 56~60 ADABB 61~65 ACDBA
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