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第一篇：視譯材料

尊敬的奇普曼所長，尊敬的里布利特所長，尊敬的白爾雅閣下，女士們，先生們，朋友們：大家早晨好！

我十分高興能夠到這里來和英國皇家國際事務研究所和國際戰略研究所的朋友們會面。這兩個所在世界上都是享有盛譽的，也可以說是頂級的智庫，你們中任何一個智庫都可以單獨舉辦關于國際、地區、國家任何問題的研討會。

但是我非常高興的是，今天兩個所聯合在一起為我舉辦一場演講會。這說明各位對中國問題的關注，也表明你們的確有著豐富的智慧。雖然每個人都有獨立的思考，合在一起會有思想的碰撞，但是你們聯合舉辦這場報告會，也表明了包容的心態。我對大家表示欽佩。

包容可以說是人類文明進步的標志。早在中國古代就有思想家明確地提出“和而不同”，“但和為貴”，不謀而合也就在這個時代，歐洲的先哲們提出了，回望人類歷史發展的進程，應該是“和諧會產生正義與善”。

因為英國是最早實現工業化的國家，中國還是一個發展中國家。當然，中國是一個有著13億人口，正在推進現代化的國家，你們表示的關注也是對世界能不能包容的發展表示的關注。

但是對中國的看法有這樣那樣的說法，這也很正常，中國的古詩就說過，“橫看成嶺側成峰”，即便是一座大山，你從不同的角度看，得出的會是不同的印象。我今天力圖給大家一個比較完整的印象來認識中國。當然，中國之大、領土之多，不是短短時間能說明的。

中國30多年來，經過改革開放，特別是人民艱苦卓絕的努力。我們解決了6億人的貧困問題，這可以說是世界上公認的事實，讓6億人吃飽飯、穿暖衣，使他們擁有生存權，也使他們變的有尊嚴。在這個過程當中，我們所付出的努力也是在開放中實現的，得到了國際社會的支持、幫助，包括在座朋友們的關心，中國是感謝的。但與此同時我們也看到，中國有13億人口，13億人口的目標，堅定的意志是要實現現代化，這將是漫長的道路。因為現在我們發展還是不平衡的，雖然中國經濟總量是世界第二，但我們的人均GDP在80多位以后。我們人均GDP只有6800美金，而在中國廣闊的中西部，才剛剛達到5000美金，甚至在中國西部的一些省份，也不過2000美金。按照國際組織的標準，中國現在還有2億人生活在貧困線以下。這是我們面臨的挑戰，也是我們必須克服的困難，才能夠實現現代化的目標。

這里我想先說城鎮化，為什么？因為中國城鎮化的發展是滯后的，我們還有6到7億人居住在農村。而且由于中國的特殊情況，造成有2億多中國的農民，他們主要在城里工作。但是我們的財力有限，公共產品的提供有限，他們還不能和過去生活在城市，已經取得戶籍人口的人相比，沒有同等的享受公共服務的權利。

各位可能不少人去過中國，但是我敢說你們中很少人去過中國的棚戶區，我去過那里，而且多次去過那里。我曾經在中國一個重要的工業省份工作，那里在工業化的進程當中，曾經建造了大量的棚戶區，歷經幾十年。進去你會發現它不具備基本的生存條件，不遮雨、不擋風、不抗凍，甚至人們到了寒冬的時候要穿上棉衣、戴上棉帽，加上幾層棉被才能入睡，這些人加起來就有3個億。

所以我們解決現存的3億人是我們的當務之急，應當逐步解決他們的生存與發展條件。也就是說讓已經在東部城市工作的1億還具有農民身份的人取得正式的城市戶籍，享受同等的公共服務。當然根據他們的意愿回到中西部的家鄉，就近實現城鎮化，因為中國的東部城市容量有限。可能很多人都去過北京、上海，你們會發現這幾千萬人的城市如果繼續膨脹下去，交通擁堵怎么解決？安全飲用水從哪里來？所以我們的中西部也要容納這些已經在城市工作的。

把這3億人解決了，我們面對的還有6億人。如果說前面是第一階段的話，大家可以想象，這么多人沒有若干年，五年還是八年能夠解決的，那么到下一個階段就更難。因為任何發達國家，要實現工業化也必須實現農業的現代化，提高農業的勞動生產率，他的農業勞動人口占的比例都是不超過10%的。讓這些人有序地進入城市，這是一個

更加漫長的過程。所以我們說中國要到本世紀中葉才能達到中等國家水平，實現中國式的現代化。

中國30多年來工業化快速發展，取得了世人矚目的成就。大家都熟悉的“中國制造”，甚至被中國人自己有時候迷惑了。很多中國人出國旅游說我們要買一件國外的產品回來送給自己的朋友，他精心挑選了，買回來以后給自己的朋友時，翻翻里面的標簽，“Made in China”，中國貨繞了一圈又回來了。

但是我們生產的還是中低端的產品，中國的工業化要向中高端水平邁進。這也是我們需要突破能源、資源和環境瓶頸的必然選擇，就是我們要使中國生產的產品更加地節約資源、節約能源，也使中國的產品向更高的質量邁進，也有利于我們一起共同應對氣候變化。在這個過程當中，中國會給世界提供巨大的商機。按照現在我們的測算，大概今后五年，我們要累計進口10萬億美元的商品，因為沒有進口也就沒有出口，貿易不平衡那是不可取的。而且中國還要深度地和世界緊緊融合，將對外投資5000億美元以上。我昨天和英國的朋友們說了，我到英國了，我在這里想講的是，希望這些投資優先地選擇中國，雖然是企業的行為，但是政府會予以引導和支持。

不僅如此，中國還有5億的游客要走出國門。去年我們出國的游客已經1億了，隨著工業化、城鎮化的推進，會有更多的游客走出國

門到英國來。我聽說這座建筑是有250年的歷史，不知道對不對游人開放。但是英國可看的地方很多，你們有深厚的文化底蘊。

我前面講的這兩大挑戰本身就是人類歷史上沒有經過的，因為13億人要實現現代化，走工業化、城鎮化的發展之路，需要艱辛的探索。最近幾年我們的增長率在7.5%左右。于是也有議論，說中國經濟放緩了，會不會繼續？是不是硬著陸？這里我誠實地，也是正式地向各位承諾：不會。

為什么？基于我前面講的兩大因素，中國還在工業化、城鎮化的進程之中，中國發展的不平衡，區域、城鄉間的差距本身就是潛力，有著巨大的力氣，只要我們把握方向，繼續勤奮地工作，再運用東方的智慧。當然，我們也愿意吸取西方的智慧，中國的經濟會長期保持中高速的增長。

就眼前來說，中國政府對經濟的運行實行區間調控、定向調控，保證它的下限不越過7.5。或者說能夠保證充分就業的增長，使得上限CPI不越過3.5，讓人民生活不受大的影響。

第二篇：視譯材料

China is Australia’s Land of Opportunity

On January 31, 2014, the Chinese ambassador to Australia MA Zhaoxu published in The Australian Financial Review a signed article with the title of ―China is Australia‘s land of opportunity‖.The full text is as follows:

Last week China released economic data for 2013, which shows GDP grew by 7.7 per cent, a mid-to-high growth rate in global terms.More than 13 million new urban jobs were created, more than in any previous year.Total imports approached $US2 trillion.Overseas direct investment by Chinese enterprises exceeded $US90 billion.Given the lingering international financial crisis, the unrecovered world economy and China‘s effort of economic restructuring, such a ―score report‖ is a hard-won achievement.Moreover, with uncertainties in the global economy and unusual sensitivities of the international market to macro-policy developments in major economies, China‘s stable fiscal and monetary policies as well as reasonable liquidity have sent a clear signal of stability to international market expectations.This is an act of responsibility by China in the interest of the world economy.The figures also mean an upgrading of China‘s economic growth and show that huge opportunities may arise for the global and the Australian economy.China‘s service sector accounted for 46.1 per cent of the country‘s GDP in 2013, up from 44.6 per cent in 2012, outperforming the industrial sector for the first time.The service sector has become a new growth engine, setting economic growth on a healthier, long-term trajectory.China-Australia co-operation in the service sector is moving forward fast.China has been Australia‘s largest export market for service products for three years in a row.Our two-way trade in services reached $8.5 billion and Australia exported $6.7 billion worth of service products to China in 2012-2013.China is Australia‘s largest source of international students, second-largest source of inbound tourists as well as the fastest-growing inbound tourism market.Far-sighted Australian enterprises have been capitalising on opportunities provided by the new momentum.ANZ won approval for a sub-branch in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone last November.Andrew Whitford, Westpac‘s head of Greater China, said Australian companies should establish themselves in the new zone as there are ―enormous opportunities‖.In 2013, the GDP of central and western parts of China was 44 per cent of China‘s total, up by 0.2 per cent on the previous year.The per capita net income of rural residents grew by 9.3 per cent in real terms, 2.3 per cent higher than that of urban residents.The income gap between urban and rural residents shrank from 3.10 in 2012 to 3.03.This trend for four consecutive years is a sign that regional development disparity has been easing, unleashing huge market potential for the vast hinterland areas.Australian enterprises have been increasingly active in the development of central and western China, which will help Australia gain a head start in China‘s economic restructuring.Despite a softening of its economy, with 2013 growth the same as 2012, China still has robust demand for Australian energy and resources.China‘s economic aggregate is now on a much larger base than before, with a GDP of US$9.18 trillion, the second largest economy for four years running.A larger, better-quality and more stable Chinese economy will bring even more opportunities to the world.The urbanisation rate rose by 1.16 per cent to 53.73 per cent in 2013 which shows China still has a large demand for infrastructure building.China‘s outbound trade and investment will continue to expand with outbound investment expected to reach $US500 billion over five years.This is good news to Australian businesses in energy, resources and agriculture.This year is going to be vital to world economic recovery.It will also be an important year for upgrading China-Australia economic ties.Both nations should work together to seize new opportunities and fully tap co-operation potential.澳大利亞經濟的新機遇

2014年1月31日，中國駐澳大利亞大使馬朝旭在當地主流媒體《澳大利亞金融評論報》發表題為《澳大利亞經濟的新機遇》的署名文章。全文如下：

上周中國國家統計局發布數據顯示，2013年中國國內生產總值（GDP）增長了7.7%。這個數字從全球范圍看，保持了中高速增長。全年城鎮新增就業人數超過1300萬，是歷年最多的。去年中國進口額接近2萬億美元，中國企業對外直接投資也超過了900億美元。這一成績來之不易，是在國際金融危機余波未平、世界經濟尚待復蘇和中國經濟轉型升級的背景下產生的。在世界經濟不確定因素較多、國際市場對主要經濟體宏觀政策動向異常敏感的情況下，中國穩定財政、貨幣政策，保持合理的流動性，向國際市場發出了明確的穩定預期的信號，這也是中國對世界經濟發展的負責任之舉。

新公布的數據也釋放出中國經濟增長結構優化，以及這種轉變對世界和澳大利亞經濟帶來巨大機遇的積極信息。根據中國國家統計局的數據，第三產業占中國GDP比重從2012年的44.6%上升為2013年46.1%，首次超過以工業、采礦業、建筑業為代表的第二產業。中國的經濟已由過去依靠制造業的“單輪驅動”發展到如今制造業、服務業雙增長的“雙輪驅動”，服務業正成為中國經濟長期持續健康發展與優化升級的新引擎和新動力。中澳服務業合作正處于快速發展時期。中國已連續3年成為澳最大的服務產品出口市場。2012-2013財年雙邊服務貿易近85.3億澳元，其中，澳對華出口66.6億澳元。中國已成為澳大利亞最大的留學生來源國、第二大海外游客來源國，也是增長最快的旅客市場。一些有戰略眼光的澳大利亞企業已經敏銳捕捉到了商機。澳新銀行在去年11月正式登陸上海自貿區。西太銀行（Westpac）大中華區總裁魏安德（Andrew Whitford）認為，澳洲企業應當考慮將進駐上海新自貿區作為與中國投資者產生聯系的一種方式。

2013年，中國中西部地區GDP總量占全國的44.4%，比2012年提高0.2個百分點。中國農村居民人均純收入實際增長9.3%，比城鎮居民人均可支配收入實際增速高2.3個百分點，增速連續四年快于城鎮，城鄉居民人均收入倍差由上年的3.10縮小為3.03。這些數據表明長期困擾中國經濟發展的城鄉失衡、區域失衡問題正得到逐步緩解，中國龐大的中西部和農村市場潛力正不斷釋放。我們看到，澳企業正日益積極地參與到中國西部地區的發展中來。我相信這將幫助澳在中國經濟轉型中占得先機。

中國對澳能源資源等需求依然強勁穩健。盡管2013年中國經濟增速與2012年持平，較過去有所下降，但總體增量卻比以前要大得多。中國GDP總量已經達到9.18萬億美元，連續4年成為世界第二大經濟體。一個總量更大、增長質量更高、增長速度更穩的中國經濟將為世界、為澳大利亞帶來更多機遇。2013年，中國城鎮化率同比提高1.16%，達53.73%，并有望在未來十年保持年均1.2%的提升速度。中國仍需進行大量的基礎設施建設。同時，中國對外貿易與投資不斷擴大，未來五年，中國對外投資規模將達到5000億美元。這對于澳能源資源的開發與出口、農產品國際市場的開拓等，無疑都是好消息。

2014年是世界經濟走向復蘇的重要年份，也是中澳經貿合作升級發展的關鍵一年。中澳雙方應該攜手努力，發掘合作潛力，為兩國人民帶來更多實實在在的利益。

Secretary-General’s Message Calling for the Observance of the Olympic Truce for the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi, Russian Federation, 7-23 February & 7-16

March 2014

New York, 31 January 2014

On the eve of the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi, I join the International Olympic Committee in calling on all those engaged in armed hostilities around the world to lay down their weapons and observe the Olympic Truce.The participants in the Sochi Games may carry the flags of many nations, but they come together under the shared banner of equality, fair play, mutual respect and non-discrimination.I encourage all those involved in the games—Governments, groups, organizations and individuals—to uphold and defend these core Olympic ideals.In calling for this year‘s Truce, my thoughts are with the people of Syria, the Central African Republic, South Sudan and all others suffering from senseless violence, including the families who lost loved ones in the recent bombings that took place in Volgograd, not far from Sochi.I call on all combatants everywhere to respect the Olympic Truce, which has been adopted by all 193 United Nations Member States.Overcoming conflict is a constant struggle—but we must persist in doing our utmost to win adherence to it.The Olympic Truce is rooted in the hope that if people and nations can put aside their differences for one day, they can build on that to establish more lasting cease-fires and find paths towards durable peace, prosperity and human rights.For these next few weeks, may the torch of the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi remind us what is possible when nations unite.呼吁在冬季奧運會和殘奧會期間遵守奧林匹克休戰致辭

2014年2月7日至23日和3月7日至16日在俄羅斯聯邦索契舉行

在索契冬季奧運會和殘奧會前夕，我和國際奧林匹克委員會一道，呼吁世界各地武裝敵對行動的參與方放下武器，遵守奧林匹克休戰。

世界各國運動員和工作人員，高舉平等、公平競爭、相互尊重和互不歧視的旗幟，前來索契參加冬奧會和殘奧會。我鼓勵各國政府、團體、組織和個人等參加冬運會的各個方面，堅持并捍衛奧林匹克的核心理想。

在今年發出奧林匹克休戰呼吁之際，我想到了敘利亞、中非共和國、南蘇丹三國人民，想到了其他所有遭受無謂暴力的人民和家庭，想到了最近在伏爾加格勒爆炸襲擊中失去親人的家庭。

聯合國193個會員國通過了奧林匹克休戰專項決議，我呼吁世界各地的所有戰斗人員尊重奧林匹克休戰。消除沖突固然無法一蹴而就，但是我們必須竭盡全力遵守奧林匹克休戰。

奧林匹克休戰的理念深深扎根于世界人民的希望之中，即如果各族人民和各個國家能夠克服分歧，哪怕只有一天的時間，也能夠建立起更加持久的奧林匹克休戰，并找到實現持久和平、繁榮和人權的道路。我希望索契冬奧會和殘奧會的火炬，在未來數周的時間里時刻提醒我們，如果世界各國能夠齊心協力，那么世界上的任何挑戰都是可以戰勝的。

Statement by Secretary Kerry on 2014 Lunar New Year

January 31, 2014

On behalf of President Obama and the American people, I am delighted to extend best wishes to the many people around the world who celebrate the arrival of the Lunar New Year on January 31.In this festive time, we should all take a moment to pause and reflect on the shared humanity that ties us together – not just here in America, but around the world.As a Pacific nation, the United States is deeply committed to strengthening our partnerships throughout the Asia-Pacific.That‘s why President Obama recently announced the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative.That‘s why we‘re investing in the Fulbright Program.And that‘s why we‘re deepening our economic cooperation, improving regional security, and advancing mutual understanding across cultures, faiths, and nations.As millions around the world welcome the Year of the Horse, the United States sends heartfelt wishes for good health and prosperity.May the New Year bring ever greater cooperation in pursuit of our common goals.國務卿約翰·克里（John Kerry）2014陰歷新年聲明

2014年1月31日

我很高興代表歐巴馬總統和美國人民向世界各地在1月31日慶祝陰歷新年的眾多人民表示最良好的祝愿。

在節日到來之際，我們應該利用這個機會思考把我們聯系在一起的共同人性—不僅在美國，而且在全世界。

作為一個太平洋國家，美國高度承諾加強我們在整個亞太地區的伙伴關系。正是因為如此，歐巴馬總統不久前宣布了“東南亞青年領袖行動計劃”（Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative）。正是因為如此，我們正為富布賴特項目（Fulbright Program）投入資源。正是因為如此，我們正在深化我們的經濟合作，加強地區安全，促進與各種文化、信仰和國家的相互理解。

值此全世界各地千百萬人迎來馬年（Year of the Horse）之際，美國衷心祝愿諸位身體健康，興旺發達。愿新的一年為我們實現共同目標促成更大程度的合作。

Secretary-General’s Message on International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital

Mutilation February 2014

As Secretary-General of the United Nations, I hold high the banner of empowering women and girls, promoting their health and defending their rights.The International Day of Zero-Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation is an opportunity to confront this persistent problem – and to find hope in initiatives proving that it can end.We should strive to preserve the best in any culture, and leave harm behind.There is no developmental, religious or health reason to cut or mutilate any girl or woman.Although some would argue that this is a ?tradition,‘ we must recall that slavery, socalled honour killings and other inhumane practices have been defended with the same weak argument.Just because a harmful practice has long existed does not justify its continuation.All ?traditions‘ that demean, dehumanize and injure are human rights violations that must be actively opposed until they are ended.FGM causes grave harm to individuals.The immediate and long-term health consequences include constant pain, infections, incontinence and sometimes deadly complications in pregnancy and childbirth.The practice is declining in almost all countries but it is still frighteningly widespread.Although firm statistics are difficult to obtain, it is estimated that more than 125 million girls and women alive today have been cut in 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East, where FGM is most prevalent and data exist.If current trends continue, some 86 million young girls worldwide are likely to experience some form of the practice by 2030.Asia, Europe, North America and other regions are not spared and must be equally vigilant in addressing the problem.Fortunately there are positive signs of progress in our global push to end this harmful practice.Girls themselves instinctively understand the dangers of being cut, and many mothers who have seen or experienced the trauma want to shield their daughters from suffering.It is encouraging that an increasing number of communities are coming together and agreeing publically to end FGM and ensure a better life for their girls.Recently, Uganda, Kenya and Guinea-Bissau adopted laws to end FGM.In Ethiopia, those responsible have been arrested, tried and penalized, with full media coverage further raising public awareness.The United Nations and our partners are engaged in valuable, culturally sensitive activities that aim to stop FGM without scolding or shame.In Sudan, we are seeing social change from a campaign called ―Saleema,‖ the Arabic word that implies complete, intact, whole and untouched.One father moved by the effort who decided to leave his daughters uncut explained simply, ―A girl is born Saleema, so leave her Saleema.‖ Hundreds of communities have embraced this initiative, expressing their support through songs, poetry and clothes in the campaign‘s trademark bright colours.Other countries are emulating Saleema or coming up with solutions tailored to their local needs, such as Kenya, where Meru community elders have prohibited FGM and vow to impose a fine on anyone who conducts or abets the practice

In addition to prevention, the United Nations is working with partners to help those who have been affected by FGM.Pioneering medical advances now allow doctors to repair women‘s bodies and restore their health.I recall the words of one physician working in Burkina Faso who described ―the relief that overwhelms women‖ following the surgery, which she said is 100 per cent effective.The many women who lack the resources needed to travel to the right facilities and the programmes that offer proper treatment deserve generous support.The General Assembly‘s landmark resolution proclaiming this commemorative Day was sponsored by every country in Africa and embraced by the entire membership of the United Nations.This breakthrough shows the great value of the United Nations in rising as one to defend universal human rights.Now our challenge is to give real meaning to this Day by using it to generate public support, trigger legal and practical advances, and help girls and women at risk of or affected by FGM.The effect on individuals will be profound, sparing them pain and spurring their success.The benefits will reverberate across society as these girls and women thrive and contribute to a better future for all.殘割女性生殖器零容忍國際日致辭

2014年2月6日

“保存文化精華，揚棄有害做法”

我作為聯合國秘書長，要大張旗鼓地增強婦女和女童的權能，推動維護她們的健康，捍衛她們的權利。殘割女性生殖器零容忍國際日為我們提供了機會，來正視這個長期問題，通過各種證明可以解決問題的舉措來找到希望。

我們應努力保存文化精華，揚棄有害做法。

無論殘割任何女童或婦女，都沒有任何成長、宗教或健康方面的理由。雖然有些人爭辯說，這是一個“傳統”，但我們必須提醒人們，這個蒼白無力的理由也同樣被用來為蓄奴、所謂名譽殺人和其他不人道做法辯解。不能僅僅因為一個有害的做法存在多年，就以此為理由把它繼續下去。所有侮辱人格、把人不當人和傷害人的“傳統”都是侵犯人權，必須積極予以反對，直至將其杜絕。

殘割女性生殖器的行為給個人造成嚴重傷害。立即出現和長期的健康后果包括持續疼痛、感染、失禁，有時還會在懷孕和分娩期間導致致命的并發癥。

這個做法正在幾乎所有國家逐漸減少，但仍令人非常不安地普遍存在。雖然難以獲得確鑿的統計數字，但據估計，在盛行殘割女性生殖器而且可以得到數據的29個非洲和中東國家，當今生活著1.25億以上受過殘割的女童和婦女。如果當前的趨勢繼續下去，到2030年，世界各地很可能又有大約8 600萬年幼的女童遭受某種形式的殘割。亞洲、歐洲、北美和其他地區也未幸免，必須同樣保持警惕，解決這個問題。

幸運的是，我們為推動結束這個有害做法而開展的全球努力出現了積極的進展跡象。女童們自己本能地懂得殘割的危險，很多曾親眼目睹或親身遭受這種殘害的母親也希望保護自己的女兒，使其免于苦難。我們感到鼓舞地看到，正有越來越多的社區齊心協力，公開同意結束殘割女性生殖器的做法，確保本社區的女童享有更美好的人生。

最近，烏干達、肯尼亞和幾內亞比紹通過了法律，結束殘割女性生殖器的做法。在埃塞俄比亞，那些應承擔罪責的人受到逮捕、審判和懲罰，而且媒體做了全面報道，以提高公眾的認識。

聯合國和我們的合作伙伴們正在開展意義重大和注意文化特點的活動，爭取不橫加指責或羞辱地制止殘割女性生殖器的做法。

在蘇丹，稱為“沙利瑪”的宣傳運動正帶來社會變化，阿拉伯語的這個詞意味著完整無缺、完美如初。有一個父親為這項努力所感動，決定不讓自己的女兒受到殘割，他的解釋很簡單：“女孩生下來是完美的，應該讓她永遠完美”。成百上千的社區接受了這個倡議，譜寫歌曲和詩歌，并用在這次宣傳運動中作為標志的鮮艷色彩做成衣服，來表示支持。其他一些國家效仿了沙利瑪運動的辦法，或是想出了適合本地情況的解決辦法。例如，在肯尼亞，梅魯社區的長老們已經禁止殘割女性生殖器，并誓言對任何施行這個做法的人或教唆者處以罰款。

除了預防之外，聯合國正與合作伙伴們一道努力，幫助那些受害于殘割女性生殖器做法的人。現在，醫學的開拓性進展使得醫生們能夠修復女性的身體，恢復她們的健康。一個在布基納法索工作的醫生曾形容，婦女們在經過手術之后如何“因痛苦的解除而激動不已”。她說，這一手術達到100%見效。很多缺乏必要資源，無法前往正確的設施和方案接受適當治療的婦女應該得到慷慨資助。

宣布這一紀念日的重要大會決議的提案國包括了每一個非洲國家，決議得到聯合國全體會員國的支持。這一突破顯示了聯合國通過一體行動，捍衛世界人權所產生的巨大作用。我們現在面對的挑戰是使這個紀念日實際收效，為此利用這項活動來爭取全體公眾支持，促成法律和實踐方面的進步，并幫助那些有可能或已經受害于殘割女性生殖器做法的女童和婦女。

這將使個人受到深刻的影響，讓她們免于痛苦，促使她們取得成功。隨著這些女童和婦女茁壯成長，為所有人的更美好未來做出貢獻，整個社會都將受益。

China is Australia’s Land of Opportunity On January 31, 2014, the Chinese ambassador to Australia MA Zhaoxu published in The Australian Financial Review a signed article with the title of ―China is Australia‘s land of opportunity‖.The full text is as follows:

2014年1月31日，中國駐澳大利亞大使馬朝旭在當地主流媒體《澳大利亞金融評論報》發表題為《澳大利亞經濟的新機遇》的署名文章。全文如下：

Remembering the Past, Safeguarding the Future

By John Kerry

―It was so terrible.It was hard for the mind to absorb it.‖ Those were the words of U.S.Master Sergeant Marvin Josephs as he entered Buchenwald on April 12, 1945, along with military chaplain Rabbi Herschel Schachter.Decades later, Josephs still remembered vividly the words ―You‘re free‖ reverberating from Rabbi Schachter‘s bullhorn.He remembered seeing the crematoria and the house of the commandant and his notorious wife, Ilse Koch, the ―Beast of Buchenwald.‖ Above all, he remembered the survivors—emaciated and tortured—coming forward at the sound of the rabbi‘s bullhorn.The scenes of liberated prisoners were so overwhelming that Gen.Dwight D.Eisenhower ordered every man in the U.S.4th Armored Division to walk the grounds of Buchenwald.Josephs immediately understood why: ―He didn‘t want people to ever deny what happened.‖

Nearly 70 years after World War Two ended, 70 years after the world‘s collective horror at the Holocaust, anti-Semitism remains a global menace.It is not enough to remember the millions of innocent lives lost in one of the darkest chapters in all of world history.We must reaffirm our vow never to forget the evil that comes from bigotry and intolerance and turn that commitment into action.Many of us in the United States have personal and family connections to this difficult history —and to the cause of action now.My brother‘s interest in our family‘s genealogy took him back to the Czech Republic just months ago to learn more about the history of ancestors we had never even heard about until the last decade, stories of a great uncle Otto and his sister Jenni who perished in the Holocaust.I‘ll never forget, on my first trip to Berlin as Secretary of State, meeting with a group of young Germans.They told me something I never knew about the city where I‘d spent time growing up in the aftermath of World War Two.Throughout the city, they‘ve placed ―stumbling stones‖ to mark where Jews were murdered in the streets and other victims of the Holocaust.Every day, passers-by remember what happened—and equally important—they never forget or deny it.Holocaust Remembrance Day calls us to condemn anti-Semitism in every form—whether it‘s the disturbing rise of xenophobic and anti-Semitic parties in Europe or the uptick of violence against Jewish people anywhere in the world.The EU‘s Agency for Fundamental Rights 2013 Report on Anti-Semitism underscores the stakes.One third of those surveyed experienced some form of anti-Semitic harassment over the past five years, with 26 percent enduring verbal assault or harassment over the past year alone— just because they were Jewish.What‘s more, 4 percent reported physical violence and 23 percent said they avoid Jewish events or sites because they don‘t feel safe.Of course, the numbers don‘t tell the full story.In Italy, police are tracking down the culprit who sent pig heads last week to Rome‘s Grand Synagogue, the Israeli Embassy, and a museum sponsoring a Holocaust exhibit.In Romania, a government-owned television channel aired a profoundly anti-Semitic Christmas song, which claimed that Jews are only good ―in the chimney as smoke.‖

If these acts of hate don‘t hit you in the gut, I don‘t know what will.If this isn‘t a call to action, I don‘t know what is.We need to be forceful about what is right and what is wrong.But we also need to work to recognize our common humanity in others, and to start the conversations that will help others recognize ours.That‘s why the Obama Administration has launched the Atrocities Prevention Board.That‘s why we‘re working hand in glove with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum‘s Center for the Prevention of Genocide so that we can detect and highlight this global scourge.And that‘s why, last year, Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Ira Forman and President Obama‘s Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Rashad Hussain joined an historic interfaith visit to the concentration camps at Dachau and Auschwitz-Birkenau.The United States is committed to having the difficult conversations across cultures and religions that can actually change people‘s opinions.Pope Francis calls it ―the dialogue of life,‖ and we reaffirm today that there are indeed millions of lives that depend on it.We—each of us—have a responsibility to stand up and affirm human dignity.In an interconnected world, anti-Semitism that goes unanswered anywhere is a threat to people everywhere.That is a collective challenge we all face in the 21st century.記住歷史，保衛未來

約翰·克里

1945年4月12日，美軍軍士長（Master Sergeant）馬文·約瑟夫斯（Marvin Josephs）與隨軍牧師赫歇爾·沙克特（Herschel Schachter）拉比走進布痕瓦爾德（Buchenwald）時說：“太可怕了。令人難以置信。”

歷經數十載后，約瑟夫斯依然清楚地記得從沙克特拉比的擴音器中傳出的“你們自由了”這句余音不絕的話語。他記得當時看到的焚尸房以及那里的指揮官和他外號“布痕瓦爾德的野獸”（Beast of Buchenwald）的臭名昭著的妻子伊爾斯·科赫（Ilse Koch）的住房。他記得最清楚的則是那些幸存者——瘦骨嶙峋、備受折磨——聽到拉比的喊話后走上前來。

解放囚犯的場面極如此震撼人心，使得德懷特·艾森豪威爾（Dwight D.Eisenhower）將軍命令美軍第4裝甲師（4th Armored Division）的每一個人在布痕瓦爾德集中營里走一遭。約瑟夫斯立刻領會了他的用意：“他不想讓人們有朝一日否認所發生的一切。”

第二次世界大戰（World War Two）結束近70年后，在全世界一同經歷了大屠殺的恐怖的70年之后，反猶太主義（anti-Semitism）依然是一項全球性威脅。僅僅緬懷在整個世界歷史上最黑暗的一個時期中喪生的數百萬無辜生命是不夠的。我們必須重申我們的誓言——永遠不忘偏執和不寬容所造成的邪惡，并將這個承諾化為行動。

我們美國的很多人與這段慘痛的歷史——以及當前的行動路線——有著個人和家庭的聯系。出于對我們家族家譜的興趣，我的兄弟數月前剛去過捷克共和國，更多地了解了直到上個10年我們還從未聽說過的祖先的歷史，一位名叫奧托（Otto）的叔伯祖父和他的姐妹詹妮（Jenni）死于大屠殺的故事。

我永遠不會忘記在我作為國務卿首次出訪柏林（Berlin）時與一批年輕德國人的會面。他們告訴我一些我從未聽說過的有關該城市的事情，而我是在二次大戰后在那里長大的。他們在整個城市放置了“絆腳石”，以標出猶太人和大屠殺的其他受害者當街被殺害的位置。每天，過路的人都會記住發生過什么——同樣重要的是——他們永遠不會忘記或否認發生過的事。

國際大屠殺紀念日（International Holocaust Remembrance Day）敦促我們譴責各種形式的反猶太主義——不論是歐洲的仇外和反猶太黨派令人不安的抬頭，還是世界任何地方針對猶太人的暴力的升級。

歐盟（EU）基本權利局（Agency for Fundamental Rights）發布的《2013年反猶太主義報告》（2013 Report on Anti-Semitism）突顯了種種風險。接受調查的人中有三分之一在過去五年中經歷過某種形式的反猶太人的騷擾，單在過去一年里就有26%的人遭受過言語攻擊或騷擾——僅僅因為他們是猶太人。

此外，4%的人報告遭到人身暴力，23%的人表示由于感到不安全，他們避免參加猶太人的活動或去相關的地點。

當然，這些數字只是冰山一角。

在意大利，警方正在追查上周把豬頭送至位于羅馬的猶太會堂（Grand Synagogue）、以色列大使館（Israeli Embassy）以及舉辦大屠殺展覽的一家博物館的罪犯。

在羅馬尼亞，一家政府擁有的電視臺播放了一首極度反猶太人的圣誕歌曲，歌曲唱道，猶太人只配當“煙囪中的煙”。

如果這些仇恨行為不令人痛心疾首的話，我不知道還有什么會。如果這不能促使我們采取行動，我不知道還有什么能。

我們必須更堅決地闡明是非。但我們也必須努力認識到他人與我們的共同人性，并開啟幫助他人認識到我們擁有的共同人性的對話。

正因為如此，歐巴馬政府（Obama Administration）發起了防止暴行委員會（Atrocities Prevention Board）。正因為如此，我們正在與美國大屠殺遇難者紀念館（United States Holocaust Memorial Museum）防止種族滅絕中心（Center for the Prevention of Genocide）密切合作，以便能夠發現并曝光這一全球性禍患。

也正因為如此，去年，監控及打擊反猶太主義活動特使（Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism）艾拉·福曼（Ira Forman）與歐巴馬總統派駐伊斯蘭合作組織的特使（Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation）拉沙德·侯賽因（Rashad Hussain）參加了不同宗教團體一同對達豪（Dachau）和奧斯威辛-比克瑙（Auschwitz-Birkenau）集中營進行的具有歷史意義的跨宗教訪問。

美國致力于進行能真正改變人們觀念的跨文化和跨宗教的艱難對話。教皇弗朗西斯（Pope Francis）將其稱為“生命對話”（dialogue of life）。我們今天重申，確實有數百萬的生命有賴于此。

我們——我們中的每一個人——都有責任堅決重申人類的尊嚴。在一個互連互通的世界上，反猶太主義若在任何一個地方肆虐，便會對所有地方的人民構成威脅。這是我們在21世紀共同面臨的挑戰。

Secretary-General’s Message on International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the

Victims of the Holocaust January 2013

Every year on the anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp, we commemorate the victims of the Holocaust.We recall the suffering of millions of innocent people, and highlight the perils of anti-Semitism and hatred of any kind.This year we focus on journeys through the Holocaust – and I recall a recent journey of my own.Last November, I walked through the infamous ―arbeit macht frei‖ gate at Auschwitz-Birkenau.I will never forget my visit.I saw the horrific remnants of the machinery of genocide, as well as moving images of European Jewish life in the 1930s--weddings, family meals, rituals, other scenes of simple daily life--all extinguished through systematic murder unique in human history.I saw the barracks where Jews, Roma, Sinti, homosexuals, dissidents, prisoners of war and persons with disabilities spent their final days in the most brutal conditions.The United Nations was founded to prevent any such horror from happening again.Yet tragedies from Cambodia to Rwanda to Srebrenica show that the poison of genocide still flows.We must be ever vigilant against bigotry, extremist ideologies, communal tensions and discrimination against minorities.And we must teach our children well.The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme has developed effective educational materials and strong partnerships that help convey these lessons to students around the world.Standing near the crematorium at Auschwitz, I felt deeply saddened by all that had happened within.But I was also inspired by all those who liberated the death camps for all humanity.Let us join forces today on a shared journey to a world of equality and dignity for all.緬懷大屠殺受難者國際紀念日致辭

2014年1月27日

每年在解放奧斯威辛集中營的紀念日，我們都緬懷大屠殺受難者。我們回顧千百萬無辜人的痛苦，并強調反猶太主義和任何仇恨的危險。

今年，我們側重于了解大屠殺的旅行，我要回顧最近的一次旅行。

去年11月，我走過了在奧斯威辛-比克瑙的臭名昭著的“勞動獲得自由”之門。我永遠不會忘記這次訪問。

我目睹了滅絕種族機制遺留的可怕后果，以及歐洲猶太人在1930年代生活的感人影像——婚禮、家庭聚餐、儀式和其他簡單的日常生活場景——所有這些均被人類歷史上罕見的有計劃屠殺所摧毀。

我看到了猶太人、羅姆人、辛提人、同性戀者、持不同政見者、戰俘和殘疾人在最殘酷的條件下度過最后日子的營房。

聯合國的成立是為了防止任何此類恐怖事件再次發生。然而，從柬埔寨到盧旺達再到斯雷布雷尼察的悲劇表明，種族滅絕的毒害仍在泛濫。

我們必須始終警惕，防止偏見、極端主義的意識形態、族裔間緊張關系和對少數群體的歧視。我們必須給予后代良好教育。大屠殺和聯合國外聯方案已編制有效的教材，并建立了強有力的伙伴關系，協助將這些經驗教訓傳播給世界各地的學生。

站在奧斯威辛火葬場附近，我對于該火葬場發生過的一切感到萬分悲痛。但我也被所有那些為全人類解放死亡營的人感到鼓舞。讓我們從現在起攜手努力，共同開啟通往一個人人享有平等和尊嚴的世界的旅程。

Statement to Geneva Conference on Syria

Foreign Secretary William Hague January 2014

Thank you very much Secretary General.We meet today with the urgent task of implementing the Geneva communiqué agreed 18 months ago, as a roadmap to end the conflict in Syria.At that time, 15,000 people had been killed and there were 87,000 registered Syrian refugees in the region.These numbers seemed appallingly high at the time.But the failure to implement the Geneva communiqué has meant that at least 110,000 other innocent people have now died, and 2.3 million more people have had to flee as refugees – including a staggering one million children.These facts should be seared into our consciences.They are a devastating reminder of the human cost of this war, and they give overriding urgency to the task before us.For we can be absolutely certain that if this peace process fails, then thousands more innocent Syrians will pay the price.I urge both Syrian delegations to approach these negotiations in that spirit—recognising that the entire future of Syria is at stake.And the Syrian government bears a particular responsibility for this crisis and can do the most to end it.I call on them to commit themselves to the aim of a mutually agreed settlement;and to stop actions on the ground which undermine the negotiations.At a time of relentless attacks on their homes and their families, the National Coalition have agreed to participate in this Conference, which was not an easy decision for President al-Jarba and the National Coalition leadership and I commend them for taking this step and for endorsing today the Geneva Communiqué as their basis of our work.They have our full support in doing that.And we should be absolutely clear that the Syrian conflict did not begin with terrorism.This began with ordinary people calling for greater political and economic freedom, who were met with brute force and oppression rather than the offer of peaceful change.And there must be accountability for the appalling crimes committed in this conflict, including those reported by distinguished jurists this week.And it was because of that repression that those protests escalated into a mass uprising and civil war, and it is this instability that has created a foothold for extremists.But they are in a tiny minority compared to the millions of Syrians who have taken no part in this conflict and who want and deserve lives of dignity, and safety, and freedom.The only way to end the bloodshed and to deal with extremist threats, is to reach an inclusive political settlement that takes into account the needs and aspirations of all Syria‘s communities with a Syrian-led political process, leading to a transition enabling the Syrian people independently and democratically to determine their future.All of us who have endorsed the Geneva Communiqué know what the goal is: a transitional governing body in Syria with full executive powers, formed by mutual consent, which means no one included without the agreement of the others, including a President who has destroyed his own legitimacy.And we know what the steps are that are needed to reach that goal, including a firm timetable for a Syria-led transition for a future for Syria that is genuinely democratic and pluralistic;and ceasefire agreements enabling immediate and full humanitarian access.We have provided ￡500 million pounds in aid as the United Kingdom and pledged ￡100m more but aid must be able to reach the people who need it most.The deliberate obstruction of humanitarian aid is utterly unacceptable and a flagrant disregard of the UN Security Council presidential statement of last October.The UN estimates that 2.5 million people inside Syria are currently receiving no or extremely limited assistance, including 250,000 people trapped in besieged or hard-to-access areas.Urgent efforts are required to improvement this situation.The transition in Syria should also include full participation for women, as set out in the Geneva communiqué.As the United Kingdom we would have liked to see a formal role for Syrian women‘s groups and civil society at this meeting.But I welcome the Secretary General‘s and Mr Brahimi‘s strong support for the inclusion of women in both delegations.There can be no lasting settlement in Syria that does not involve Syria‘s women at every stage of the process and as the UK we will work to achieve their full participation in this process.These talks are only the start of a process, so will require commitment and courage, but I urge both sides to remain at the negotiating table.And to them I say, this is your opportunity to put an end to the devastation of your country.Now is the time to choose to save a generation of Syrian children from violence and trauma;to end the sieges being laid to ancient towns and cities;to begin to repair the rich fabric of Syrian society;and to spare millions of refugees the prospect of years of exile, homelessness and deprivation.We have no illusions about how difficult and challenging this process is likely to be but we should all do everything possible to help the people of Syria achieve peace.在日內瓦會議上就敘利亞問題的講話

外交大臣威廉?黑格

2014年1月12日

非常感謝秘書長。

今天，我們開會討論一項緊迫的任務，即實施18個月前達成一致的《日內瓦公報》，該公報是結束敘利亞沖突的路線圖。

當時，敘利亞已有1.5萬人被殺害，而該地區登記在案的敘利亞難民有8.7萬人，這些數字在當時看起來已經高得驚人。

但未能實施《日內瓦公報》則意味著現在另有至少11萬無辜平民已經死亡，另有230萬人被迫逃離該國成為難民，其中兒童難民的數量達到驚人的100萬。

這些事實在拷問著我們的良心，有力地提醒我們這場戰爭所造成的人類的生命損失，并且使擺在我們面前的這一任務具有壓倒一切的緊迫性。

我們絕對可以肯定，如果這一和平進程失敗的話，還將有成千上萬無辜的敘利亞人成為戰爭的犧牲品。我敦促敘利亞雙方代表本著這樣的精神進行談判，即雙方需要認識到，敘利亞的整個未來正處于極其危險之中。

而敘利亞政府則對本次危機負有特別重要的責任，并且可以盡一切所能結束危機。我呼吁雙方致力于達成彼此同意的解決辦法的目標，并為此停止可能破壞談判的行動。

當其家園和家屬都在遭受無情攻擊的時候，全國聯盟就已經同意參加本次會議，而這對于主席賈爾巴和全國聯盟的領導層來說并不是輕易能夠做出的決定。他們能夠采取這一步驟并且現在贊同《日內瓦公報》、將其作為他們參與我們這項工作的基礎，對此我表示贊賞，我們對他們的這種行為給予全力支持。

我們還應絕對清楚這一點，即敘利亞沖突并不是開始于恐怖主義，而是開始于普通民眾，他們要求獲得更大的政治和經濟自由，但沒有獲得和平變革，反而遭到了殘酷的打擊和壓迫。對于這場沖突中所發生的駭人聽聞的罪行，包括本周由重要的法學家所報告的那些罪行，都必須進行問責。

正是因為鎮壓，使得抗議活動升級為一場大規模的起義和內戰；而正是這種不穩定成為了產生極端分子的土壤。但是相對于幾百萬敘利亞人來說，極端分子只是極少數，大多數敘利亞人并沒有參與這場沖突，他們希望的是過上有尊嚴、有安全、有自由的生活，這也是他們應該享有的。

停止流血和應對極端分子威脅的唯一途徑，是需要通過政治途徑進行解決：一個由敘利亞人領導的政治進程，包含敘利亞各方需求和愿景并使之實現，最終成功政治過渡，使敘利亞人能夠獨立地、民主地決定他們的未來。

我們所有人都贊同《日內瓦公報》，我們知道該公報的目標是，在敘利亞建立一個具有充分的行政權力、經各方協商組成的過渡管理機構。這意味著未經其他方的同意，任何人將不會進入該機構，這也包括了一個破壞了自身合法性的總統。

我們知道要達到該目標所要采取的步驟，包括為敘利亞主導的、向真正民主多元的未來的過渡制定一個明確的時間表，和能夠立即全面進行人道主義援助的停火協議。英國已經提供了5億英鎊的援助，并承諾再援助1億英鎊，但是援助必須能夠到達最需要援助的人民手中。對人道主義援助的蓄意阻撓是完全不可接受的，這種阻撓行為是對去年10月的聯合國安理會主席聲明的公然挑釁。據聯合國估計，敘利亞境內目前有250萬人沒有得到任何援助或者所得到的援助極其有限，其中有25萬人處于包圍之中或者難以接近的區域。現在急需采取行動改善這種狀況。

根據《日內瓦公報》的精神，敘利亞的過渡還應包括婦女的全面參與。對于英國來說，我們本希望看到敘利亞婦女團體和民間團體能以正式的身份參與此次會議。不過我對會議秘書長和卜拉希米先生為將婦女納入雙方代表團進行強有力的支持表示歡迎。如果不能將敘利亞婦女納入每一個進程階段，就不可能產生持久的解決辦法。對于英國，我們將在這一進程中努力實現婦女的全面參與。

這些會談只是進程的開始，需要人們有決心和勇氣來參與。但是我敦促雙方將談判進行下去。我想對他們說，這是你們結束你們國家破敗局面的一個機會。現在是選擇拯救一代敘利亞兒童免于暴力和創傷的時候，是結束古老城鎮擺脫圍攻的時候，是開始修復敘利亞社會的各種組織結構的時候，是使數百萬難民不再繼續背井離鄉、無家可歸、極度貧困生活的時候。

我們對這一進程的困難程度和挑戰性非常清楚。但是我們應該盡一切可能幫助敘利亞人民實現和平。

New Development in China, New Opportunities for the World

--Speech by Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2014 January 2014, Davos, Switzerland

Dr.Joseph Nye, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends，Good afternoon.It gives me great pleasure to discuss with you what China‘s development means to the world.China has always been the focus of attention at the World Economic Forum(WEF), and more so this year with China unveiling a new round of comprehensive reform 35 years after the launch of its reform program.This will not only herald a new era for China‘s development but also have extensive and positive impacts on the world.The day before yesterday, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang sent a special message to this year‘s WEF annual meeting which you can find on the WEF website.It gives a comprehensive and authoritative explanation of the current state, reform and prospect of the Chinese economy.In his message, Premier Li pointed out that the sustained and sound development of the Chinese economy would offer new opportunities and inject new impetus to development of the world.China‘s new round of reform will take place in political, economic, cultural, social and ecological dimensions.More than 300 major reform measures have been announced, covering over 60 fields under 15 categories.The reform is unprecedented in terms of its scope, depth and difficulty.I guess the questions you want to ask the most are: Will this round of reform be a great success just like the previous one? What will the reform bring to the world?

Here, I want to tell you in clear terms that China has every confidence in the success of its reform.Our confidence comes from the fine tradition of constant self-improvement and the splendid civilization of the Chinese nation over 5,000 years.The Chinese nation has gone through many hardships and sufferings, but it has always emerged stronger.An important reason is that our nation has the fortitude to reform and improve itself.The Chinese people, at all times, have the courage, will and ability to carry out reform.Our confidence comes from the right path China has chosen.In the past 65 years since the founding of the People‘s Republic of China, we have explored tirelessly and eventually found a development path that is suited to China‘s conditions and supported by the entire Chinese nation.It is a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Our practice has proven and will continue to prove that as long as we remain steadfastly committed to this path, China will remain dynamic and acquire the driving force for development.Our confidence comes from the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).The fact that the CPC is a ruling party with 86 million members represents our unique strength and most important resource.As long as the 86 million party members work in unison, they will generate an unrivalled force of positive energy that will enable us to surmount whatever difficulties and challenges in the reform process.Our confidence comes from the solid foundation China has laid and the rich experience it has gained.Since the start of reform and opening-up, China has progressed from poverty to prosperity.We used to ―cross the river by feeling our way from one stone to another‖.Today, we have the support of a comprehensive system of theories and policies.We know very well where our problems exist, and more importantly, we know how to have them resolved.Our confidence comes from China‘s huge development space and potential.China is a big country with 1.3 billion people and an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.It thus has broad space for development whose great potential is yet to be tapped.At present, the gaps between urban and rural areas and between the central and western and the eastern regions in China remain wide.This is a major challenge China faces, but more importantly, it also spells hope for China‘s future development.As reform deepens in China, waves of enormous demand will be unleashed, propelling China‘s strong momentum of economic growth.Our confidence comes from China‘s win-win strategy of opening-up.The most successful experience of China‘s reform is that it is always carried out in parallel with China‘s opening-up.Through reform, we have increased China‘s openness, which, in turn, has promoted China‘s reform.Our reform will bring more benefits to the world, as China continues to draw impetus to its reform from the world.Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends，China, a major country with a population of 1.3 billion, is moving fast toward modernization.This is an extraordinary historic process unfolding before our eyes and the greatest contribution of the Chinese nation to human progress.We are not just responsible for our own country and people, but also ready to honor our due obligations to the world.The new round of reform in China serves both the interests of the Chinese people and the need of countries of the world.We will speed up the shift of the growth model, intensify efforts to upgrade and improve the quality and efficiency of growth, get beyond the ―middle income trap‖ and achieve sustainable development.An increasingly prosperous China that is committed to deepening reform means the following to the world:

--China will provide the world‘s development with more ―Chinese opportunities‖.First, market opportunities.Despite the lack of effective global demand, the potential of the Chinese market is still growing.Last year, the Chinese people bought 21 million cars, more than a quarter of global car sales.China‘s annual imports are approaching US$2 trillion.And China is expected to import over US$10 trillion of goods in the next five years.Second, investment opportunities.Despite financial constraints facing the real economy in the world, Chinese businesses are becoming a major source of international investment and financing.Last year, China‘s non-financial outbound direct investment topped US$90 billion.In its new round of reform, China will encourage businesses and individuals to invest abroad and enter a new stage of overseas investment.Third, growth opportunities.Despite the sluggish world economy, the Chinese economy, with a size of over US$9 trillion, remained one of the fastest-growing economies among the G20 last year with a growth rate of 7.7%.Moreover, the growth was achieved in the course of accelerated structural adjustment and therefore it was growth in real terms.Estimates show that as long as China continues to grow at 7%, it will contribute to the growth of the world economy by one percentage point more each year.This is certainly great news to the world economy, given that the new round of reform will maintain China‘s mid-to-high growth rate for a fairly long time to come.Fourth, cooperation opportunities.Against the backdrop of tortuous global governance reform, the new round of reform in China will serve to safeguard the open world economy and the free trade regime.It will facilitate the healthy development of economic globalization and economic policy coordination among different countries.--China will contribute more of the ―Chinese power‖ to world peace.First, China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, and will encourage other countries to jointly uphold peaceful development.Peaceful development is the only choice we can make in an era of globalization, and it represents the direction of development and progress of mankind.Second, China will undertake more international obligations.China will seek and uphold justice and equality in international and regional affairs, and play an even more active and productive role in resolving hotspot issues.China will develop itself through upholding world peace and will promote world peace through its own development.Third, China will continue to handle disagreements and differences through equal-footed consultations.Under the prerequisite that the nation's fundamental interests are safeguarded, we are ready to show our utmost sincerity and patience and remain committed to resolving differences through dialogue.Fourth, China will work with other countries to safeguard human conscience and international justice.Past aggressors must never be allowed to reverse the history of aggression;past powers must never be allowed to once again embark on the evil path of expansion;and fascist or militarist ideas must never be allowed to revive, not in whatever form.Distinguished Guests, Dear Friends，Last year, Chinese President Xi Jinping outlined the vision of the Chinese dream, which is to achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation.The new round of reform launched in China serves just as the right path that will lead us to this goal.The steady process of attaining the Chinese dream will not only benefit China;it will benefit the world at large.As President Xi Jinping pointed out, the Chinese dream of national renewal is about the pursuit of happiness by every Chinese, and it has much in common with the dream of the people in other countries.China is an important member of the international community.While striving to realize its own dream, China will work with other countries in the world and make its due contribution to the development and progress of mankind.Thank you.中國新發展世界新機遇

——王毅外長在世經論壇2014年年會上的演講

2014年1月24日，瑞士達沃斯

尊敬的約瑟夫奈博士，女士們，先生們，朋友們，大家下午好，很高興與大家共同探討中國發展對世界的意義。

中國歷來是世界經濟論壇關注的熱點。今年更不例外。因為時隔35年之后，中國吹響了新一輪全方位改革的號角。這不僅預示著中國的發展將進入一個新的時代，也將對整個世界產生廣泛和積極的影響。

前天，中國國務院總理李克強先生專門在本屆論壇官網上發表了文章，對中國經濟的現狀、改革和前景做了全面和權威的介紹。李總理在文中明確指出，中國經濟的持續健康發展，將為世界發展帶來新機遇，增添新動力。

中國新一輪的改革涵蓋政治、經濟、文化、社會、生態文明五大方向，涉及15個方面、60多個領域，共形成300多項重要舉措。改革的范圍之廣、程度之深、難度之大可謂前所未有。大家可能最想知道的是，這一輪改革能否再獲成功，續寫輝煌？改革將給世界帶來什么？我愿明確告訴大家，我們對于中國改革的成功充滿自信。

——自信來自于中華民族5000年自強不息的優秀傳統和博大精深的文明底蘊。中華民族曾歷經無數危難，面對各種考驗，卻始終百折不撓，生生不息，一個重要的原因就是我們這個民族勇于自我革新，敢于自我超越。中國人在任何時候都不怕改革，樂于改革，善于改革。

——自信來自于中國業已選擇的正確道路。新中國成立65年來，我們經過上下求索，找到了一條完全符合中國國情并且得到全體人民擁護的發展道路，這就是中國特色社會主義道路。實踐已經并將繼續證明，只要堅持這一方向，不偏離這條道路，中國就能保持發展活力，獲得發展動力。

——自信來自于中國共產黨的堅強有力領導。作為執政黨，中國共產黨擁有8600萬黨員。這是中國發展最獨特的優勢和最重要的資源。只要8600萬黨員團結一心，就能迸發出無與倫比的強大正能量，就能在改革進程中無堅不摧，無難不克。

——自信來自于中國業已打下的堅實基礎和積累的豐富經驗。改革開放以來，中國從貧窮走向富裕，從摸著石頭過河到形成系統理論支撐和完整政策體系。我們不僅清晰地把握了自身存在的各種問題，也完全具備了解決這些問題的能力。

——自信來自于中國巨大的發展空間與潛力。中國是一個擁有13億人口和960萬平方公里領土的大國，發展空間極為廣闊，發展潛力遠未發掘。目前，中國的城鄉差距、中西部與東部差距還很大，這既是中國面臨的重大課題，更是未來發展的希望所在。隨著改革的深入，中國的巨大需求將波浪式持續釋放，長久地推動中國經濟保持強勁發展勢頭。

——自信來自于中國奉行的互利共贏開放戰略。中國改革最成功的一條經驗就是，改革與開放并行推進，通過改革擴大開放，又通過開放促進改革。中國的改革成果將更多惠及世界，同時也會從世界不斷汲取改革的動力。

各位來賓，各位朋友，13億人口的大國快速走向現代化，這是一幅多么波瀾壯闊的歷史畫卷，更是中華民族對人類文明進步的最大貢獻，我們不僅要對自己的國家和民族負責，也愿對世界承擔應盡的義務。中國新一輪改革既符合中國人民的利益，也符合世界各國的需求。我們將加快轉變經濟發展方式，強化提質增效升級，跨越中等收入陷阱，實現可持續發展。而一個深化改革、日益繁榮的中國對世界意味著：

——中國將為世界發展提供更多“中國機遇”。

一是市場機遇。在全球有效需求不足背景下，中國的市場吸納力卻在不斷擴容。中國人去年一年就購買了2100萬輛汽車，超過全球汽車銷量的四分之一。中國的年進口總額已接近2萬億美元，預計今后5年將進口超過10萬億美元商品。

二是投資機遇。在實體經濟面臨融資難題背景下，中國企業成為國際投融資新的生力軍。去年中國非金融類對外直接投資已超過900億美元。新一輪改革將鼓勵企業和個人對外投資，推動中國對外投資邁入新階段。

三是增長機遇。在世界經濟增速低迷背景下，中國作為一個規模超過9萬億美元的經濟體去年仍實現了7.7%的快速增長，在G20國家中繼續名列前茅。而且這一增長是在加快調整經濟結構進程中實現的，是實實在在、真金白銀的增長。據推算，只要中國保持7%的增長率，就將拉動全球經濟增長一個百分點。新一輪改革將使中國保持較長時間的中高速增長，這對世界經濟無疑是重大利好。

四是合作機遇。在全球治理改革舉步維艱背景下，中國新一輪改革將維護開放型世界經濟和自由貿易體制，有利于經濟全球化的健康發展，有助于各國經濟政策的相互協調。

——中國將為世界和平貢獻更多“中國力量”。

首先，中國將堅持走和平發展道路，同時也將推動各國共同堅持和平發展，這既是全球化背景下的唯一選擇，也是人類發展進步的必然方向。

第二，中國將積極承擔更多國際責任，在世界和地區事務中主持公道，伸張正義，踐行平等，更加積極有為地參與熱點問題的解決，通過維護和平來發展自己，同時又以自身發展促進世界和平。

第三，中國將繼續通過平等協商處理矛盾和分歧。我們愿在維護國家根本利益前提下，以最大誠意和耐心，堅持對話解決分歧。

第四，中國將與世界各國共同維護人類良知與國際公理。決不允許過去的侵略者為侵略歷史翻案，決不允許昔日的強權再度走上對外擴張邪路，也決不允許法西斯主義和軍國主義思想以任何形式死灰復燃。

各位來賓，各位朋友，去年，中國國家主席習近平提出了中華民族偉大復興“中國夢”的奮斗目標，而中國的新一輪改革正是實現這一目標的必由之路。中國夢的逐步實現，將惠及中國，也將惠及世界。正如習近平主席所指出的，民族復興的中國夢既是每一個中國人追求幸福的夢，也與世界人民的夢想息息相通。作為國際社會的重要成員，中國將在自己追夢、圓夢的奮斗過程中，與世界各國一道，共同為人類的發展與進步做出應有貢獻。

謝謝大家。

Report to the Executive Board at its 134th Session

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

Geneva, Switzerland January 2014

Madam chairperson, distinguished members of the Executive Board, colleagues in the UN system and sister agencies, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen，I wish you all a happy and healthy 2014.I will be brief.This session of the Executive Board has 67 items on its agenda, with 17 resolutions.This is by far the highest number of items ever scheduled for a non-budget year.We will all need to use our time with discipline and efficiency.We have a crowded agenda and a crowded room, with a record-breaking number of registered participants.The heavy agenda for this session shows the diversity of your concerns and also some measure of confidence that WHO is the right agency to address those concerns.I interpret the large number of participants as an indication of the high level of interest in global health.Both are good, but outstrip the capacity of the Secretariat to prepare for this session and serve it well.And there are other, more serious problems.A lean, effective, and flexible WHO must be strategic and highly selective in the work it undertakes.I would rather see outstanding performance in a limited number of high-impact areas than a full menu approach that dilutes our energy and resources.This is an easy trap to fall into, and it is dangerous.If this happens, WHO will have a lot to say, but little to show, especially in terms of health outcomes in your countries.Keep in mind: one reason for the success of the Millennium Development Goals was their limited number.Keep in mind: the Twelfth General Programme of Work, which you approved last May, includes just six leadership priorities.Part of the problem stems from the simple fact that the determinants of health have become broader and much more complex in a world where not only countries, but also policy spheres are closely interconnected.We are all aware that some new challenges, especially those driven by the globalization of unhealthy lifestyles, can only be addressed through collaboration with multiple sectors, including some industries.But WHO and its Member States must resist the temptation to cover every issue in the vast domain of public health.Please help us stick to those high-impact areas where we can get and measure results.Doing so becomes all the more important as the international community transitions to the post-2015 era.The demands on WHO and ministries of health will only grow as noncommunicable diseases increase, populations age, cities become more crowded, and the climate changes.Public expectations for health care are rising and costs are soaring.Some new medicines and medical devices are unaffordable, even for the wealthiest countries in the world.Last year‘s G8 summit on dementia, organized by the United Kingdom, made it clear that some major and very costly health problems have virtually no effective interventions for their prevention, early detection, or cure.WHO will need to perform extremely well in order to steer countries through these challenges.Ladies and gentlemen，In recent years, the Health Assembly has approved a number of global strategies and action plans for addressing specific diseases or needs.This is good.All have clearly defined objectives, targets, and indicators, and this helps ensure that countries and their partners align activities in a tightly focused and coordinated way.As we all know, the large number of health initiatives and actors has led to fragmentation, duplication of efforts, high transaction costs, and heavy reporting and monitoring requirements for countries.All of these global strategies and plans set out highly ambitious goals.This is also good, as it helps maintain the momentum for better health.But it has a downside.Like the many partnerships and health initiatives, these strategies and plans impose a heavy burden on health system capacities and carry heavy expectations for monitoring and reporting.Last year, the Regional Committees discussed their capacity to implement the recently approved Global monitoring framework and targets for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases.In one region, not one single country was routinely producing the data needed to monitor some of the indicators.We should be ambitious with these strategies and plans, but also pragmatic and realistic.As we have learned since the start of this century, sustainable health improvements depend on a well-functioning health system.We must build the capacities of countries, not overburden them.I welcome the attention our governing bodies have given to the strengthening of health systems.Initiatives such as the International Health Partnership Plus are especially important as they help build capacity and self-reliance, which is the foundation for true country ownership.We have much work to do.According to our latest estimates, only 81 of our 194 Member States regularly submit useable death registration data.Of these 81 countries, only 34 submit data of high quality.The need for stronger systems for regulatory control and enforcement runs like a common thread through many of your documents, whether concerning antimicrobial resistance, the mandatory notification of diseases, or access to opioid analgesics for palliative care.For medicines, only around 20% of our Member States have a well-functioning regulatory authority, 50% have variable regulatory quality, and 30% have virtually no or only very limited capacity.Worldwide, an estimated 2.7 billion people live in countries with no safety net to cover health care costs.In such a situation, how can health work as a poverty-reduction strategy, especially as the costly burden of NCDs shifts to the developing world?

When I think about these statistics, I also think about people, the many millions of people being left behind in our highly unequal world.I thank Member States and partner agencies for their strong commitment to universal health coverage.In my view, this is one of the most positive and powerful trends in global health.Ladies and gentlemen，The world again faces simultaneous humanitarian crises.This time there are four: in the Syrian Arab Republic, the Philippines, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan.These crises are testing WHO‘s emergency performance in a highly visible way.Given the challenges, I believe we are doing well.Vigilance is our watchword as we continue to monitor sporadic cases of MERS coronavirus, and H7N9 and other avian influenza viruses, including North America‘s first case of H5N1 reported earlier this month.Nothing can be predicted with certainty, but on present evidence, none of these viruses shows a potential to spread widely or cause an explosive outbreak.Nonetheless, this situation reinforces the importance of building the core capacities of the International Health Regulations to detect cases, report, and respond.As I said, WHO must be strategic and highly selective in responding to these and many other challenges.This is one central purpose of WHO reform.Let me summarize a few achievements as the reform process continues to mature.Two financing dialogues have now been held with frank and open discussions.These discussions have included the identification of areas where resources can be used more efficiently and recommendations for some novel remedial actions that can help save money.A new web portal to support the programme budget offers open access to data on monies coming into the Organization, where those monies go, and what they are expected to deliver.The web portal was welcomed as a major contribution to transparency.Further financing reforms aim to strengthen coordinated resource mobilization at all levels of the Organization.Human resource reforms, including streamlined recruitment and selection processes, are being aligned with programmatic needs, staff needs for learning and development and, of course, fiscal realities.Ladies and gentlemen，Let me conclude by illustrating what I mean by outstanding performance in high-impact areas.To date, WHO has prequalified more than 400 medical products, including 62 last year.Thanks to these and other efforts, WHO estimates that 97% of the global vaccine supply is currently of assured quality.Worldwide, 65% of babies are immunized using WHO pre-qualified vaccines.Last year, the ―Lancet‖ published the largest study to date, coordinated by WHO, on severe complications and ―near misses‖ in pregnancy.The study concluded that having life-saving interventions available in health facilities will not reduce maternal mortality in the absence of overall improvements in the quality of maternal care and emergency services.This tells us clearly that we must focus more sharply on improving the quality of care.The WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist, which is now undergoing trials in more than 100 hospitals, can help move us in this direction.This is a simple checklist, but evidence to date suggests it can have a major impact on the quality of care for mothers and their babies.The accountability framework, developed to support the Every Woman, Every Child strategy, has given us a new model for results-driven structuring and monitoring of development work.The framework incorporates the safeguard of rigorous independent monitoring, another important innovation.As we are seeing, getting and using better information can set off a chain of events, with improved health outcomes as the end result.We have seen this most dramatically in Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world, where the availability of high-quality data was instrumental in reducing child mortality by a stunning 43%.In fact, I think we have enough evidence to conclude that any country, no matter how poor, can improve health if it really wants to.In December of last year, the WHO certification commission that oversees the eradication of guinea worm disease declared that four African countries are now free from this disease.Nigeria is one of them.When the eradication initiative was launched, Nigeria was the epicentre of this disease, with more than 650 000 cases reported each year.Going from that number to zero is a major achievement that must be praised.Those who follow the African media will know how much certification means to Nigeria and its President, who has expressed his commitment to do the same for polio.Nigeria‘s certification also has some lessons.Surveillance for cases and the investigation of rumours were done hand-in-hand with polio immunization teams.This is the kind of joined-up effort that makes the most effective use of our human and financial resources, which will always be limited, and has a dramatic and measurable impact.For polio eradication, India, which has not seen a case for three years, is another shining example.This achievement sets the stage to certify all of South-East Asia polio-free very soon.There are many more examples, but I promised to be brief.Thank you.在執委會第134屆會議上的報告

世界衛生組織總干事陳馮富珍博士

瑞士日內瓦

2014年1月20日

主席女士、尊敬的執行委員會委員們、聯合國系統和姊妹機構的同仁、各位閣下、女士們、先生們：

首先祝各位2014年幸福健康。

我的講話會很簡短。本屆執行委員會議程上有67個項目，其中涉及17項決議。這是非預算安排議程項目最多的一屆。我們大家都需要嚴格、高效地利用時間。

我們的日程很緊，會議室里人也很多，因為注冊與會者的數量又創下了歷史記錄。本屆會議的緊張議程表明，各位關心的議題非常多樣化，而且你們也相信世衛組織正是處理這些關切的機構。我認為，與會者數量眾多這一點也表明各國對全球衛生非常感興趣。

這兩件事都是好事，不過確實也超出了秘書處籌備本屆會議并為其做好服務的能力。而且，還有其它更為嚴重的問題。

精簡、有效、靈活的世衛組織必須具有戰略性，其所開展的工作必須具有高度選擇性。我更愿意看到我們在少數高影響領域表現出眾，而不是面面俱到，使精力和資源無法集中。

這是個很容易落入的陷阱，而且非常危險。如果發生這種情況，世衛組織可能會說的太多而做的太少，特別是對各國的衛生成果而言。

請記住：千年發展目標取得成功的原因之一是目標數量有限。請記住：各位去年五月批準的第十二個工作總規劃只有六個領導重點。

部分問題來源于這樣一個簡單事實：當今世界，各國和各政策領域之間相互關聯密切，因而健康的決定因素也更為廣泛、更為復雜。

我們都知道，只有通過多部門合作包括與企業界合作才能應對一些新挑戰，特別是那些不健康生活方式的全球化所帶來的挑戰。

但是，世衛組織及其會員國必須抵制覆蓋公共衛生廣泛領域內每個問題的誘惑。請幫助我們堅守我們可以取得并且衡量結果的高影響領域。隨著國際社會轉向2015年以后的時代，這樣做越發重要。

隨著非傳染性疾病增加、人口老齡化、城市更為擁擠、氣候發生變化，對世衛組織和各國衛生部的需求只會越來越多。

公眾對于衛生保健的期望值越來越高，而衛生保健成本也在飆升。一些新藥和醫療器械價格讓人負擔不起，即使對于世界上最富裕的國家也是如此。

去年英國組織了有關癡呆癥問題的八國集團峰會。會議清楚地表明，一些重大且費用昂貴的健康問題最終并沒有有效的預防、早期發現或治愈措施。

要指導各國迎接這些挑戰，世衛組織需要表現極為出色才行。

女士們、先生們，近年來，衛生大會批準了一些針對具體疾病或需求的全球戰略和行動計劃。這很好。所有有關戰略和計劃都有明確的總體和具體目標以及指標，這有助于確保各國及其伙伴重點明確、相互協調地開展活動。

眾所周知，大量衛生行動和行動者的存在導致工作分散、重復，交易成本高以及各國面臨沉重的報告和監測要求。

所有這些全球戰略和計劃都列出了雄心勃勃的目標。這也是件好事，有助于為實現更好的衛生保持住勢頭。但它也有不利的一面。

與眾多伙伴關系與衛生行動一樣，這些戰略和計劃給衛生系統的能力帶來沉重負擔，而且帶有監測和報告的沉重期望。

去年，各區域委員會討論了其落實預防控制非傳染性疾病全球監測框架和具體目標的能力。在其中一個區域，沒有一個國家定期產生監測有關指標所需的數據。

我們需要有雄心的戰略和計劃，但同時也要務實和切合實際。自本世紀初以來，我們已經認識到，可持續的衛生改進取決于運轉良好的衛生系統。我們必須建設各國的能力，而不是給它們過重的負擔。

我歡迎理事機構關注加強衛生系統問題。國際衛生伙伴關系后續程序等倡議尤為重要，因為它們有助于能力建設和自力更生，而那正是真正實現國家自主的基礎。

我們有許多工作要做。

根據最近的估算，194個會員國中只有81個國家定期提交可用的死亡登記數據。這81個國家中，只有34個國家提供的數據質量較高。

不論是在抗菌素耐藥性、疾病法定通報還是為姑息治療獲得阿片類鎮痛藥領域，你們的許多文件都提到有必要建立更強大的監管控制和執法體系。

對于藥品而言，只有約20%的會員國建立了運轉良好的監管當局，50% 的會員國監管質量參差不齊，還有30%幾乎沒有或者只有非常有限的監管能力。

全世界約有27億人生活在沒有社會安全網覆蓋衛生保健費用的國家。在這種情況下，特別是隨著非傳染性疾病的昂貴負擔向發展中國家轉移，衛生怎么能發揮減貧的作用呢？

每當我想起這些數據，我想到的是人，在我們這個高度不平等的世界上被拋在后面的人。我要感謝會員國和伙伴機構致力于實現全民健康覆蓋。在我看來，這是全球衛生領域最積極、最有力的趨勢之一。

女士們、先生們，全世界再次面對同時發生的人道主義危機。這回是發生在敘利亞阿拉伯共和國、菲律賓、中非共和國和南蘇丹的四場危機。這些危機在眾目睽睽之下考驗著世衛組織的突發事件處理能力。考慮到挑戰巨大，我認為我們表現不錯。

我們繼續監測中東呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒以及H7N9和其它禽流感病毒（包括本月早些時候北美報告的第一例H5N1病毒）。我們的口號是保持警戒。

雖然不能確定地預測任何事情，但根據現有證據，這些病毒均未表現出有能力廣泛傳播或引起爆炸性疫情。但是，這種情況更加表明建設《國際衛生條例（2005）》規定的發現、報告和應對病例的核心能力的重要性。

如我所言，世衛組織在應對這些和諸多其它挑戰時必須具有戰略性和高度選擇性。這是世衛組織改革的中心目的之一。請允許我總結一下改革進程迄今所取得的一些成就。

已經舉辦了兩次籌資對話會，并進行了坦率、開放的討論。討論確定了資源可以更高效利用的領域，并就有助于節約資金的新補救措施提出了建議。

支持規劃預算的新網絡門戶公開提供相關數據，使人可以了解本組織收到的資金、資金去向和資金使用的預期結果。該網絡門戶被認為對提高透明度大有裨益，因而受到歡迎。

進一步籌資改革措施將加強本組織各層級相互協調的資金籌措工作。正采取措施使人力資源改革（包括簡化招聘和選拔過程）與規劃需求、職員學習和發展需求及財政現狀相一致。

女士們、先生們，最后，我想談一談什么是在高影響領域表現出眾。

迄今，世衛組織已經對400余種醫療產品進行了資格預審，包括去年的 62種產品。根據世衛組織估計，這些努力和其它工作使全球疫苗供應的 97%是質量有保證的。全世界65%的嬰兒接種的是用經世衛組織資格預審的疫苗。

去年，《柳葉刀》雜志發表了由世衛組織協調進行的有關妊娠期嚴重并發癥和“僥幸脫險”情況的最大規模研究成果。該研究的結論是，如果不能從整體上提高孕產婦護理和急診服務的質量，僅由醫療衛生機構提供挽救生命的干預措施本身并不能降低孕產婦死亡率。

這就清楚地告訴我們，我們必須專注于提高衛生保健質量。現正在100余家醫院試用的世衛組織《安全分娩核對表》將幫助我們在這方面取得進步。這是一個簡單的核對表，但迄今所獲得的證據表明，它可以對母嬰護理質量產生重大影響。

為支持“每個婦女，每個兒童”戰略建立的問責框架為我們提供了以結果為導向組織并監督發展工作的新模式。該框架確保進行嚴格的獨立監督，這也是一個重要創新。

我們看到，獲得并利用更好的信息可以觸發一系列事件，最終使衛生結果得到改善。這一點在尼日爾表現得最為突出。作為世界上最窮的國家之一，獲得高質量數據對于該國將兒童死亡率令人吃驚地降低43%發揮了關鍵作用。

事實上，我想我們有足夠證據表明，無論一個國家有多窮，只要它真正想改善衛生，它就可以做到。

去年12月，世衛組織監督消滅麥地那龍線蟲病工作的認證委員會又宣布四個非洲國家無麥地那龍線蟲病。尼日利亞是其中之一。

消滅工作剛開始時，尼日利亞是該病的重點地區，每年報告65萬余例麥地那龍線蟲病。從那個數字降到零是一項巨大成就，必須加以贊揚。關注非洲消息的人會知道無麥地那龍線蟲病認證對尼日利亞及其總統意味著什么。尼總統還承諾也消滅脊灰。

尼日利亞的認證讓我們總結了經驗教訓。病例監測和謠言調查是與脊灰免疫團隊攜手進行的。

正是這種攜手使我們能夠最有效地使用總是非常有限的人力和財政資源，并產生巨大的可衡量影響。

在消滅脊灰方面，印度也是我們的光輝榜樣。該國已三年未出現病例。這樣，整個東南亞區域將很快可以獲得無脊灰認證。

當然還有許多其它例子，但我承諾發言要簡短。

謝謝大家。

第三篇：視譯介紹

視譯（Sight Interpreting）|何為視譯?

視譯(sight interpreting)是指同傳譯員拿著講話人的發言稿，邊聽發言、邊看原稿、邊進行同聲傳譯。視譯也被稱為“有稿同傳”(Simultaneous Interpreting with Text)

同聲傳譯中的視譯一般有以下幾種情況：(1)會議的組織者既提供發言的原稿同時也提供發言的譯語稿；(2)會議的組織者只提供發言的原稿；(3)會議的組織者提供發言人講稿的提綱或幻燈片。

視譯是同聲傳譯中經常使用的一種翻譯方式，也是同聲傳譯訓練不可逾越的一個階段，一般的同聲傳譯訓練都是從注意力的分配訓練(如影子跟讀聯系)到視譯然后再過渡到無稿同聲傳譯。

如何對視譯進行準備工作?

無論是以上哪一種情況，譯員都應該在拿到相關材料后認真按口譯的譯前準備工作要求認真準備。視譯中有源語與譯語稿件的情況非常少，即便在兩稿都有的情況下，也要認真準備，不能掉以輕心，因為發言人因為發言時間的限制或現場情況的變化，很可能在閱讀發言稿時跳過一些段落，或在報告中間增加一些內容。還有的發言者可能會臨時更換了發言稿。為了應付這些意外，有經驗的譯員經常使用阿拉伯數字簡單地將兩種稿子對應落標記清楚，在翻譯過程中可以清楚地識別發言的進度。

通常會議提供的發言稿是單語的。在時間充裕的情況下，可以先把稿件中的難點(詞語、語句等)事先筆譯出來，把原稿做一定的語篇分析與分隔(Segmentation)，這樣在翻譯的時候就可以做到胸有成竹了。也可以在時間來不及或譯員對稿件的內容較有把握的情況下，在稿子上做一些“標識”(markers)，即用諸如箭頭、五角星、線條等各種筆記符號有重點地標出源語發言人的思路及語篇標識，把需要下工夫才能譯好的重要語段“標”出來，把關鍵的詞語(如術語、機構名稱、職務頭銜等)先譯出來。如果時間允許的話還應該重點譯一下一些難譯的句子和語段。

如果發言稿在會議開始前才送來，又是在短時間內通過跳讀(skimming)與尋讀(scanning)都無法看完的長稿，譯員可以簡單看一下大意，重點看一下引言和結尾。如果碰巧有時問還可以把引言與結尾中出現的重要詞語翻譯一下。這是因為，準備引言的內容可以幫助譯員建立翻譯的語境，而準備結尾中的內容則可以幫助譯員了解發言中的重點內容。另外，譯好引言與結尾也容易給聽眾留下良好的印象，給譯員的工作帶來信任感和信心。

在原稿并無參考價值的情況下，可以忽略原稿，把精力集中在無稿同聲傳譯的技術工作中，利用口譯筆記等，進行無稿同傳。

口譯的視譯準備工作有時要在口譯箱中進行，譯員可以事先準備好詞典(或詞條較多的電子詞典)對那些較難同時有反映重要信息的詞語進行一定程度的準備。但一般由合作伙伴負責查找難詞、生詞，而且除了非查不可的詞匯，一般盡量不查詞典，以免分散注意力。

譯員在準備過程中如果發現講稿實在難以理解、過于深奧或冷僻的地方，在時間允許的情況下，最好能請教一下演講人或有相關專業知識的人。在國際會議中，譯員對于遇到的特殊的觀念、思想、概念等，一定要虛心請教，不能望文生意。如何練習視譯

在練習時，第一步可以找一些有譯文的發言稿，邊聽發言錄音，邊做‘‘同聲傳讀”。逐漸過渡到脫離譯稿只看原文進行口譯。視譯時可以用很短時間對原文通讀一次，了解發言的主要內容并對語言、專業難點做“譯前準備”。

視譯訓練的要求則是邊看稿邊進行口頭翻譯，要盡量做到意思準確、用詞貼切。視譯其實是翻譯在日常工作中經常會碰到的工作，因為有很多場合對方的書面發言稿是在活動開始前的最后一刻才遲遲出現的，翻譯根本沒有充裕的時間事先將其翻成中文，只能在對方念稿的同時匆匆地瀏覽一下文章的內容。在視譯訓練中最大的問題就是中外文句子結構差異懸殊，用外文的句子結構翻中文必然會顯得不倫不類，因此就必需在平時多加訓練，掌握好視譯過程中中外文互換的問題。

第四篇：視譯訓練材料

瑞士“火箭人”成功飛越美國大峽谷

Swiss 'JetMan' makes Grand Canyon flight A Swiss adventurer has finally made a “historic” jetpack-powered flight above the Grand Canyon, organizers claimed Tuesday, days after he canceled a bid saying he had not trained enough.Yves Rossy, dubbed “JetMan,” completed the eight-minute flight at the weekend, his support team said in a press release four days after Friday's failed attempt, which journalists had been invited to watch.Pictures and videos released by organizers showed him being dropped from a helicopter and then soaring above the world-famous landmark, his jet-pack wing strapped to his back, before deploying a parachute to land on the canyon floor.He flew at speeds of up to 190 mph(304 kilometers an hour), skimming the rockscape just 200 feet(65 meters)above the rim of the canyon, the statement said.“My first flight in the US is sure to be one of the most memorable experiences in my life, not only for the sheer beauty of the Grand Canyon but the honor to fly in sacred Native American lands,” Rossy was quoted as saying.“Thank you Mother Nature and the Hualapai Tribe for making my lifelong dreams come true,” he said according to the press release, referring to the Native American tribe over whose territory he made the flight.On Friday the 51-year-old--who has previously flown across the English Channel between Britain and France and over the Swiss Alps--invited media to a remote spot on the Grand Canyon's western end to watch his flight.But at the last minute he announced he had only just been given formal Federation Aviation Authority(FAA)approval to fly, and had therefore not had enough time to train.On Tuesday Rossy's organizers stressed that the FAA delay had prevented him from flying last Friday, adding that he had made the successful flight over the weekend, without announcing it to journalists who attended Friday's attempt.“It was his date with destiny, and ultimately the uniquely complex certification process could not prevent(Rossy)from making his historic flight through Grand Canyon West this past weekend.” 組織者本周二稱，瑞士探險家伊夫?羅西身背噴氣動力翼，成功飛越美國科羅拉多大峽谷。幾天前，羅西曾因熱身時間不夠，取消了原定飛行計劃。伊夫?羅西的支持團隊發表聲明稱，綽號“火箭人”的伊夫?羅西上周末完成了這次歷時8分鐘的飛行。上周五，他未能完成首次試飛，當時有媒體到場。據公布的圖片和視頻展示，伊夫?羅西身背噴氣動力翼跳出直升機機艙，之后飛越世界著名的科羅拉多大峽谷，隨后打開降落傘降落到谷底。

聲明稱，伊夫?羅西的飛行最高時速為每小時190英里（合每小時304公里），飛行高度為峽谷上方200英尺（合65米）。

聲明援引羅西的話說：“我在美國的首次飛行將終身銘記，不僅是因為峽谷的壯美，還是因為我飛過了印第安人的圣地。”

羅西在聲明中說：“感謝大自然和瓦拉派部落，使我一生的夢想成真。”羅西飛過的領土正屬于瓦拉派印第安部落。

在上周五，51歲的羅西邀請媒體前往大峽谷西端的一處較遠的地點觀看飛行。羅西曾飛越英法之間的英吉利海峽，以及瑞士阿爾卑斯山。

但在最后關頭，他卻宣布自己剛剛接到美國聯邦航空管理局的批準，沒有足夠的時間熱身。

本周二，羅西飛行活動的組織者強調指出，上周五未能完成飛行是因為美國聯邦航空管理局沒有按時批準，并補充稱羅西在周末成功完成了飛行，并未通知參加上周五試飛的記者。

他說：“這一天是他命中注定的。極其復雜的飛行證明程序最終沒能阻止羅西在上周末歷史性地飛越了大峽谷西緣。”

五月天空將現“六星連珠”奇觀

Six planets align in May but no doomsday is foreseen A planetary alignment is a rare spectacular event that has always been a topic of great interest and speculations.Some predict the end of the world, others see the start of a new golden era.This May the world will witness the alignment of six planets, with May 11 being the best out of all.Every morning in May the naked eye will be able to spot Mars, Jupiter, Venus and Mercury, and with a small telescope one can see Uranus and Neptune.30 minutes before sunrise, the morning sky will show all the planets aligned across the sun’s path, except Saturn.The planets line up was expected on December 21, 2012, that’s when fortune tellers predicted the end of the world and scientists awaited a spectacular show in the sky.However modern equipments and tools have showed that in 2012 no alignment will occur.Instead, a visible alignment will be seen throughout the entire month of May.For the past two months Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Mercury, Uranus and Neptune were not visible because of their location behind the sun, but starting May all planets started to line up above the rising sun.The best morning for the largest and tightest conjunction of planets this century is May 11th.That's when the two brightest planets in our own solar system, Venus and Jupiter, will almost unite.Uranus and Neptune will be shining green but will need a good binocular to be seen.“The very closest grouping will come Tuesday, May 10, when Venus, Jupiter and Mercury will be in a very close-knit triangle, with Mars to the left and below the triangle.Then on Wednesday May, 11, Jupiter, Venus and Mercury will be in a very straight line”, said David L.DeBruyn.On May 13th, Mercury, Venus and Jupiter will form a “bright celestial triangle”, and on May 20th, a new triangle will form.The show will end on May 30th, when the moon will join the four planets, and five “heavenly lights” will be seen at once in the morning sky.Planetary conjunctions are rare events, therefore people who have the chance to enjoy the changing alignment of the planets every day in May, should not waste the chance.No worries, it doesn't mean that the world is ending.Interesting is how the doomsayers' predictions never seem to come true.行星連成一線這種罕見奇觀一直是人們關注和爭相猜測的焦點。有人認為這預示著世界末日，有人則認為這預示著一個新的黃金時代的到來。今年五月世界將目睹“六星連珠”的奇觀，5月11日是觀看這一景觀的最佳日期。

在五月期間，人們每天早晨都可以用肉眼看見火星、木星、金星和水星，用小型望遠鏡還可以看見天王星和海王星。在日出30分鐘前，在清晨的天空可以看見各大行星排列在太陽路徑上（土星除外）。

曾有人預測行星連珠會在2012年12月21日出現，科學家們期待的這一天空奇景發生時也就是算命師所預言的世界末日到來之時。然而，現代儀器的觀測表明，在2012年不會發生行星連珠景觀。

但是，在今年整個五月期間都可以看見明顯的行星連珠景觀。在過去兩個月，人們都無法看見火星、木星、金星、水星、天王星和海王星，因為它們的位置正處于太陽背面。但從五月開始各大行星將太陽升起位置的上方連成一線。本世紀行星之間最大最緊密的會合景觀的最佳觀測時機是在5月11日早晨。到那時我們太陽系最亮的兩顆行星——金星和木星將密切會合，天王星和海王星將發出綠光，不過需要一架好的雙筒望遠鏡才能看到。

戴維?L?狄布恩說：“行星最緊密的會合將在5月10日（周二）發生，金星、木星和水星將形成一個緊密會合的三角，火星在左邊，位于三角下方。5月11日（周三）那天，木星、金星和水星將形成一條筆直的線。”

5月13日，水星、金星和木星將形成一個“閃亮天體三角”，之后在5月20日，還會形成一個新的三角。這一系列天體景觀將在5月30日結束，月亮將加入這四個行星，五大“天光”將一同在早晨的天空出現。

行星連珠是罕見的景觀，因此有機會欣賞五月每日行星排列變化的人千萬不要錯過這一良機。不用擔心，行星連珠并不意味著世界末日。有趣的是，末日預言家們的預言似乎從來沒有實現過。

撞衫！英新王妃婚紗被指“抄襲”

Royal wedding: Europe cries 'copycat Kate' over wedding dress The Duchess of Cambridge’s wedding dress is certain to inspire a raft of imitations but in mainland Europe there have been claims that the gown was itself copied from another recent royal weddingThe Duchess’s Alexander McQueen dress, designed by Sarah Burton, bears a striking resemblance to the outfit worn by the actress Isabella Orsini when she married Belgian Prince Edouard de Ligne two years ago.Ms Orsini’s dress was designed by Gerald Watelet, the Belgian designer.Newspapers and magazines across Europe have dubbed the Duchess “copycat Kate” due to the similarity between her dress and that of Ms Orsini, who is the goddaughter of Silvio Berlusconi.Both dresses have a v-neck line with a lace bodice that was both long sleeved and high-necked.Both women are pretty slim brunettes who complemented their gowns with a tiara that held their veil in place.Ms Orsini, 36, told the Italian magazine Novella 2000: “As soon as the Duchess of Cambridge went out to go to church, I thought her dress was a copy of mine.It means Kate Middleton has good taste.”

The wedding of Prince Edouard and his bride was a far more low-key affair however with only a few hundred people turning out onto the streets to watch them.It is thought that up to 2 billion people watched the royal wedding when it took place last month on television and online.Both bridal gowns pay homage to an earlier dress worn by Grace Kelly on her wedding day to Prince Rainer of Monaco in 1956.Fevered speculation over the identity of Miss Middleton's dress designer finally ended with confirmation that Sarah Burton, creative director of Alexander McQueen, had won the coveted commission.The ivory satin dress had a nipped in waist, 9ft train and long-sleeved bodice of handmade lace by the Royal School of Needlework, based at Hampton Court Palace.The team of workers had to wash their hands every 30 minutes to keep the lace and threads pristine, and the needles were renewed every three hours to ensure they remained sharp and clean.The lace design incorporated rose, thistle, daffodil and shamrock — the emblems of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.French Chantilly lace, combined with English Cluny lace, was the only fabric from foreign shores.The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge are currently on honeymoon in the Seychelles where they are staying on a private island.英國新王妃劍橋公爵夫人的婚紗勢必引發一陣模仿潮。但歐洲大陸的一些媒體指出這款婚紗本身就抄襲了最近另一場皇室婚禮的婚紗。

新王妃的這件亞歷山大?麥昆品牌婚紗由莎拉?伯頓設計，和女演員伊莎貝拉?奧爾西尼兩年前嫁給比利時王子愛德華?德?里涅時所穿的婚紗簡直如出一轍。奧爾西尼的婚紗由比利時設計師杰拉德?瓦特雷設計。

由于兩件嫁衣高度相似，歐洲各媒體紛紛給凱特取綽號為“模仿者凱特”。奧爾西尼是意大利總理西爾維奧?貝盧斯科尼的教女。兩件婚紗均采用V領鏤空上衣、長袖高領設計。

兩位新娘都很苗條、皮膚略黑，還都用王冠挽住了面紗。

36歲的奧爾西尼接受意大利雜志《Novella 2000》采訪時說：“劍橋公爵夫人去教堂前一亮相，我就覺得她的婚紗抄襲了我的。這說明凱特?米德爾頓很有品位。”

愛德華王子的婚禮低調得多，僅有幾百人沿街觀看。而據稱全球有多達20億人通過電視和網絡觀看了上月舉行的威廉王子大婚。

兩件婚紗都效仿了格蕾絲?凱利1956年嫁給摩納哥王子雷尼爾三世時所穿的婚紗。

米德爾頓的婚紗由亞歷山大?麥昆創意總監莎拉?伯頓設計，這也終于平息了大家對婚紗設計師人選的激烈討論。這款乳白色的緞紋婚紗配有9英尺長的掐腰式拖裙，長袖上衣的蕾絲都是由漢普頓宮皇家刺繡學院的工作人員手工縫制。制作者每半小時就要洗一次手，以免弄臟蕾絲和針線，每3小時還要換一次針，以保證針的尖銳和清潔。

蕾絲圖案上有玫瑰、薊、水仙花和三葉草（英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭的象征）。和英國的克倫尼花邊交織在一起的法國尚蒂伊花邊是唯一的外國裝飾。

威廉和凱特目前正在塞舌爾的一座私人小島上度蜜月。

天價英國游讓英國本地游客望而卻步

Need a holiday? Welcome to rip-off Britain Britain is crammed with overpriced restaurants, plagued by expensive hotels and let down by overrated tourist attractions, according to the latest edition of the Lonely Planet Guide.In a warts and all review of the country as a holiday destination the well-known travel bible concludes it “has had its day” especially for cash-strapped natives.“If you're on a tight budget, there's no getting away from it--Britain ain't cheap,” said lead author David Else who dispatched contributors to every corner of the land in search of good deals, but found few.While some places are deemed to be “fantastic” finds and the country was still “one of the most fascinating places in the world to explore” many destinations simply didn't cut it.“Public transport, admission fees, restaurants and hotel rooms all tend to be expensive compared with their equivalents in many other European countries,” Else said.“Unfortunately at a time when everyone is in desperate need of a great value summer getaway some of Britain's tourism industry just doesn't deliver,” he added.The picture was particularly bleak for Britons hoping to forget the government's austerity-driven budget cuts, underlying inflationary pressures and a battered pound.The guide says some good value deals can be found if families do their homework, but many may, in the end, regret opting for a “staycation.” London was singled as being particularly over-priced when it came to dining out.“You're often better spending five pounds on a top-notch curry in Birmingham(central England)or a homemade steak-and-ale pie in a country pub in Devon(southwest England)than forking out 30 pounds in a restaurant for a 'modern European' concoction that tastes like it came from a can.” Overseas visitors, however, are undoubtedly the winners, flocking to the island in the last couple of years to take advantage of the weak pound.Must-sees included Canterbury in the southeast which “tops the charts” when it comes to English cathedral cities, the city of Cambridge whose leafy green meadows “give it a far more tranquil appeal” than its rival Oxford, Glasgow a “byword for chic” and London with “endless reserves of cool”.Less flattering reviews were saved for the county of Surrey, close to London, “made up of uninspiring towns and dull, sprawling suburbs,” while the city of Cardiff in Wales was slated as “a prodigious boozing town.” 根據《孤獨星球指南》的最新版本，英國到處是高價飯館和昂貴的酒店，英國旅游景點的價值也被高估了。

這一著名的旅游圣經在列出了英國度假勝地的種種缺點后，得出結論說，對于囊中羞澀的本國游客而言，英國作為旅游地的“輝煌時代已經結束了”。《孤獨星球指南》主要作者戴維?埃爾斯說：“如果你手頭緊的話，就會吃不消——英國可不便宜。”埃爾斯將撰稿人派到英國各地尋找劃算的買賣，但是沒多少發現。

盡管某些地區被視為“絕妙”的好去處，英國也依然是“世界上最引人入勝的地方之一”，但是許多旅游目的地確實不理想。

埃爾斯說：“公共交通費、入場費、飯館花費、酒店入住費用比歐洲許多其他國家都貴。”

他還說：“在這個時候，大家都很需要超值的夏日度假地，不幸的是，英國的一些旅游業做不到這一點。”

對于那些希望借度假把政府的預算削減政策拋到腦后的英國人來說，這一前景顯得特別凄涼。英國的緊縮政策是為了節制消費，以應對通脹壓力和英鎊貶值。《孤獨星球指南》說，如果英國人下一些功夫，還是可以找到一些超值的旅游消費地，但是很多人最后可能會為自己選擇在國內度假而感到懊悔。倫敦還被選為超昂貴的外出就餐地。“通常，你花5英鎊在伯明翰（英國中部）吃一流的咖喱菜，或在德文郡（英國西南部）的鄉村酒館吃自制的牛排啤酒餡餅都好過在倫敦飯店里花30英鎊吃所謂的‘現代歐洲’大餐，那味道和罐頭食品差不多。”

不過，海外游客無疑是贏家，過去幾年許多外國游客都趁英鎊貶值來到英國島度假。

英國的必游之地包括東南部的坎特伯雷，它是英國擁有大教堂的城市中排行居首的旅游地，還有劍橋市，那里的茵茵綠草地使其擁有比競爭對手牛津市“寧靜得多的氣息和魅力”。不可錯過的還有“時髦雅致的代表”格拉斯哥和“源源不絕的涼氣儲備地”倫敦。

倫敦附近的薩里郡沒獲得什么好評，“到處是沒有生氣的城鎮和單調、雜亂的郊區”，而威爾士的加地夫則被批為“超級酒鬼城市”。

瑞士：協助自殺禁令遭拒仍是“自殺天堂”

Zurich voters reject ban on “suicide tourism” Voters in Zurich overwhemingly rejected on Sunday proposed bans on assisted suicide and “suicide tourism”--foreigners traveling to Switzerland to receive help ending their lives.Only 15.5 percent of voters in the local referendum backed a ban on assisted suicide, while nearly 22 percent supported a ban on suicide tourism, final results showed.About 200 people commit assisted suicide each year in Zurich.Assisted suicide has been allowed in Switzerland since 1941 if performed by a non-physician who has no vested interest in the death.Euthanasia, or “mercy killing,” is legal only in the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the US state of Oregon.Many terminally ill foreigners--particularly from Germany, France and Britain--travel to Switzerland to commit suicide, taking advantage of the Swiss rules which are among the world's most liberal.But a rise in the number of foreigners seeking to end their lives in Switzerland, and a study showing that more and more people seeking assisted suicides in the country do not suffer from a terminal illness, have provoked heated debate.The Swiss Evangelical People's Party, which had supported the bans, said it regretted the outcome but was pleased it had prompted so much discussion.“We now need to make sure that assisted suicide isn't just extended without limit and also that suicide tourism with foreigners is critically monitored,” it said in a statement.The Swiss government has said it is looking to change the law on assisted suicide to make sure it was used only as a last resort by the terminally ill, and to limit “suicide tourism.” Right-to-die group Exit has agreed rules to govern assisted suicide with prosecutors in Zurich in the hope they might eventually form the basis of national regulation.Foreigners are not explicitly excluded under the new rules, but a Swiss doctor who prescribes the deadly anesthetic must have met the person twice over a period of time to be sure of their wishes.上周日，蘇黎世選民以壓倒性多數投票否決了禁止協助自殺和“自殺旅游”的議案。不少外國游客前往瑞士“自殺旅游”，尋求幫助結束生命。

此次地方投票結果顯示，僅有15.5%的選民支持協助自殺禁令，近22%的選民支持終止自殺旅游。每年大約有200人在蘇黎世選擇協助自殺。

自1941年以來，協助自殺在瑞士就已合法化，但協助者不能是醫生，而且不能從病人的死亡中獲利。“安樂死”目前僅在荷蘭、盧森堡、比利時、以及美國俄勒岡州合法。

很多晚期患者利用瑞士的這一法規前來協助自殺，尤以來自德國、法國、英國的游客居多。瑞士擁有全球最自由的法規。

但前往瑞士協助自殺的外國人越來越多，而且有調查表明，希望在瑞士協助自殺的人中，并未患有晚期疾病的人數也在增多，這引起了熱議。

支持此項禁令的瑞士人民福音黨對投票結果表示遺憾，但很高興看到這激起了熱烈討論。

該黨在聲明中稱：“我們需要確保協助自殺沒有無限制增多，以及外國人自殺旅游受到嚴格監管。”

瑞士政府稱，正尋求修改協助自殺的法律，以確保協助自殺僅在疾病晚期時不得以而為之，另外還要限制“自殺旅游”。

協助自殺組織“解脫”已同意了由蘇黎世檢察官管控協助自殺行為的條例，并希望他們最終可以出臺全國條例。

按照新法規，外國人不會被直接排除在外。但提供致命麻醉劑的瑞士醫生必須在規定的時間段內探望要求自殺者兩次，以確定其自殺愿望。

名人微博可能會降低名人吸引力

Tweeting celebrities risk boring fans – survey Celebrities who bombard fans with Twitter updates are likely to have shorter careers than those who maintain an aura of mystique, according to a survey.Easy access to stars through social networking websites has made them less appealing and increases the likelihood of followers getting bored, music consumer research by publishers Bauer Media said.“In this social media age, it's all too easy to follow your musical icons on a minute-by-minute basis.There's a consensus within the industry that this ease of access is leading to artists losing appeal more quickly,” the report said.The music industry is starting to consider restricting access to certain types of artists in an attempt to boost their staying power in popular culture and lengthen their careers, it added.Although younger fans surveyed said they were thrilled by the idea of 24-hour access to their favourite stars, older respondents said their interest was tempered by a hankering for the days when stars were “more special.” “Meeting bands isn't about waiting for 10 hours outside a gig these days--you can buy a day out with your favourite band.But separation can be good--knowing too much can kill off rock stars,” said Nichola Browne, former editor of music magazine Kerrang!Many celebrities have embraced Twitter as a way of communicating day-to-day musings as well promotional material with fans.Tweets on US singer Katy Perry's page include: “What does it mean when you see the number 33 all the time? For instance, I've seen it over 7 times today.” While US actress Demi Moore, one of Twitter's most prolific celebrity users with over 3.5 million followers, wrote on Friday: “Kind of digging soft curls with a side part.A good change from straight with a middle part?” 根據一項調查，頻繁更新Twitter、讓粉絲隨時知道動態的名人有可能比那些保持神秘感的名人的藝術生涯短。

鮑爾傳媒出版集團開展的音樂消費者調查稱，能夠輕易地通過社交網站接觸到明星降低了明星的吸引力，并會使粉絲們更容易對明星感到厭倦。報告稱，“在社會媒體時代下，想了解你的音樂偶像每分鐘的動態太容易了。業內一致認為，讓粉絲能夠輕易地接觸藝人，會讓藝人更快地失去吸引力。” 報告還稱，音樂產業開始考慮限制粉絲們和某些類型的藝人的接觸，從而讓藝人在流行文化中的生命力更持久，延長他們的藝術生涯。

盡管接受調查的年輕粉絲們說，他們對于能夠24小時接觸自己喜愛的明星感到很興奮，但是年紀較大的被調查者認為這使他們的熱情降溫了，他們還是向往過去的日子，那時感覺明星“更特別”。

曾擔任過音樂雜志《Kerrang!》編輯的尼古拉?布朗尼說：“如今和樂隊見面不需要在演唱會門外等上個十小時，你只要花些錢就能和自己最喜歡的樂隊共度一天。但是分離是有好處的，知道得太多會毀掉搖滾歌星的前途。”

許多名人都很喜歡用Twitter，將其視為和歌迷交流每日心得和發布宣傳材料的途徑。

這是美國歌星凱蒂?佩瑞在自己的Twitter頁面上發布的信息：“如果你總是看到數字33，這意味著什么呢？要知道，我今天已經不止7次看到這一數字了。” 美國女演員黛米?摩爾是Twitter最多產的名人用戶之一，擁有350多萬粉絲。她上周五在Twitter上寫道：“有點想弄個帶卷的偏分頭。也許比中分的直發要好？”

霍金：天堂、來世只是童話故事

Heaven is a fairy tale, says physicist Hawking Heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark, the eminent British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking said in an interview published on Monday.Hawking, 69, was expected to die within a few years of being diagnosed with degenerative motor neurone disease at the age of 21, but became one of the world's most famous scientists with the publication of his 1988 book “A Brief History of Time.” “I have lived with the prospect of an early death for the last 49 years.I'm not afraid of death, but I'm in no hurry to die.I have so much I want to do first,” he told the Guardian newspaper.“I regard the brain as a computer which will stop working when its components fail.There is no heaven or afterlife for broken down computers;that is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.” When asked how we should live he said: “We should seek the greatest value of our action.” Hawking gave the interview ahead of the Google Zeitgeist meeting in London where he will join speakers including British finance minister George Osborne and Nobel prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz.Addressing the question “Why are we here?” he will argue tiny quantum fluctuations in the very early universe sowed the seeds of human life.The former Cambridge University Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, a post once also held by Isaac Newton, has a history of drawing criticism for his comments on religion.His 2010 book “The Grand Design” provoked a backlash among religious leaders, including chief rabbi Lord Sacks, for arguing there was no need for a divine force to explain the creation of the universe.As a result of his incurable illness Hawking can only speak through a voice synthesizer and is almost completely paralyzed.He sparked serious concerns in 2009 when he was hospitalized after falling seriously ill following a lecture tour in the United States but has since returned to Cambridge University as a director of research.英國著名理論物理學家史蒂芬?霍金在本周一刊登的一次采訪中稱，天堂是“為害怕黑暗的人編造的童話”。

霍金在21歲時被診斷患有退行性運動神經元病，當時預期壽命不長，但如今他已年屆69歲，1988年出版《時間簡史》后躋身全球最著名科學家之列。他告訴《衛報》記者：“過去49年我一直覺得自己活不長。我不怕死，但我也不想死太早。我還有那么多要做的事情。”

“我把大腦看成一個計算機，零件壞了之后就會停止工作。對壞掉的電腦來說，根本沒有天堂和來世，那是給怕黑的人編的童話。”

當被問及我們應如何生活時他說：“我們應尋求自身的最大價值。” 霍金參加在倫敦舉行的谷歌排行榜會議前接受了此次采訪。將在此次會議上發言的還有英國財政大臣喬治?奧斯本、諾貝爾獎經濟學獎獲得者約瑟夫?斯蒂格利茨等人。

在回答“人類為什么會存在”這一問題時，霍金稱宇宙形成初期的微小量子波動為人類的出現播下了“種子”。

霍金之前的言論屢次招致宗教界的批評。他曾擔任劍橋大學盧卡斯數學教授。艾薩克?牛頓也曾擔任這一職務。

他在2010年出版的《偉大的設計》一書中提出，宇宙的存在不需要上帝去解釋，遭到宗教領袖的猛烈抨擊，其中包括（英國猶太人教會領袖）首席拉比薩克斯勛爵。

由于身患無法治愈的疾病，霍金只能通過語音合成器講話，而且幾乎全身癱瘓。2009年，霍金在美國巡回演講時曾大病一場，被送往醫院，引起了人們的擔憂。此后他重返劍橋大學，擔任研究主管。

第五篇：視譯補充材料

各位同學請注意：

今天的學習任務是1)先將一、二、三部分復習一遍并融會貫通；

2）按視譯步驟練習第三部分, 完不成的課下自己抽時間完成3）看錄像片（也在自主學習模塊中）

4）請大家錄制88篇英文短文作為記憶訓練和口譯訓練材料

I．Principles and techniques for sight interpretation

Principles:

1.Syntactic Linearity 順句驅動

為了避免語言結構重大調整對人腦認知負荷的影響，口譯員常常是在總體上依照英文的行文次序，把整個句子切分成意群單位或信息單位，再使用連接詞把這些單位連接起來，譯出整體意思。

e.g.所有人//都可以借助互聯網資源//來學習，//不論他們是哪個民族、//何種性別、//何種

膚色，//只要他們可以介入互聯網。

All //can study// by relying on internet recourses// regardless of their races, //nationalities//and sex//providing that they could have access to the internet.2.Readjustment隨時調整

指譯員根據接收到的新內容調整信息、糾正錯誤、補充漏譯的重要環節。

3.Anticipate適度超前

指口譯過程中的預測技能，就是再還不完整的情況下，譯員靠自己的能力、知識及臨場經驗，預測發言人可能要講的內容而進行超“前翻譯”，從而贏得時間，緊跟發言人進行同步翻譯。

e.g.套話口譯: …我謹代表…//對與會代表表示熱烈歡迎//并預祝本次大會

…(取得圓滿成功)//

Please allow me to be on behalf of …this conference…and wish the conference

4.Reformulation 信息重組

信息重組是同聲傳譯的總策略，因為中英文語言差別比較大，很難做到一一對應地口譯，視譯時，英遵循“信息”的原則。也就是將源語信息在目標語中根據目標語的語言習慣重新組織信息。

e.g.Strange behavior on the part of whales in the southern Altlantic has been observed over a number of years now.A team of marine scientists has come up with a new theory to explain this behavior.But a considerable contravercy has been arisen in Argentina about the theory.重組： Over a number of years// whales in the southern Altlantic//have been observed//behaving strangely//.To explain this behavior a team of marine scientists has come

up with a new theory.// But there has arisen a considerable contravercy about the theory// in Argentina.人們發現南大西洋的經鯨魚行為怪異。// 人們經過多年的觀察發現的。// 一些科學家提出了一種新理論，這一理論可以解釋這一行為。// 但該理論在阿根廷卻引起了爭議。

5.Salami Technique 化繁為簡

Salami 是意大利語。該技巧指切分句子的技巧，也就是將長句、復雜句進行一些加工處理，反而變成若干個短句或簡單句子，便于譯員贏得時間，避免信息丟失，內容更利于理解。

e.g.Strange behavior on the part of whales in the southern Altlantic has

been observed over a number of years now.A team of marine scientists has come up with a new theory to explain this behavior.But a considerable contravercy has been arisen in Argentina about the theory.人們發現南大西洋的經鯨魚行為怪異。// 人們經過多年的觀察發現的。// 一些科學家提出了一種新理論，這一理論可以解釋這一行為。// 但該理論在阿根廷卻引起了爭議。

Techniques :

斷句、重復、歸納、增補、詞性轉換、補充、說明、修正/更正

II.Tips for sight interpretation1、因為視譯時不能有中斷，開始視譯時速度可以放慢一點，基本不會有中斷的感覺。

2、熟悉各種體裁的口譯文稿，了解其不同的結構模式，培養對其敏感度，學會按相關文體的類型、格式預測下文的技巧；

3、事先閱讀文稿，分析內容，并在重要邏輯轉折的地方做好相關標記，顯示應有的邏輯關

系以利掌握信息重點，擺脫文字的束縛，如：/ 表示斷句，＿＿表示并列、列舉，○表示詞序掉換；

4、將信息當單位，而不把語法當單位，長句才能變短句。

5、不要一直找應對的字詞，在文字上大轉轉，應根據意義單位，譯出意思、信息。

6、表達概念要明確，用字要簡練，否則聽眾難以聽明白。

7、有很長修飾語的長句和復雜句要切成數句短句。

8、盡量順著意思譯，寧可切成很多句，也不要將句子拉得太長。

9、斷句后需通過重復、增補、歸納和詞性轉換等手段對原文信息進行整合，使其信息完整并盡量符合漢語的表達習慣。

10、視譯重流暢度，所以不要回頭修正，如果一定要修改，最好在后面修正，方式要恰當。

11、總結連詞種類，光知道不夠，必需會活用與變化。

12、當文中出現附加說明符號時或括號內容，可以用“也就是說”，或“換句話說”。

13、墊/補充的贅詞不能太多否則內容會顯得松散，占用時間會太多，通常譯語發布的時間

不超過原語的時間。

14、國際知名的組織可以原語復讀。

III．Three steps for sight interpretation

1)Do the logic analysis andsegmenting on the paper first by using markers.2)Keep practicing until you can do the sight translation of a script fluently.3)Try to keep in mind those typical writing patterns and expressions for later

interpreting.III．Materials for sight interpretation

Text 1.2(P105)

Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co.Ltd., founded in 1985, is a large-scale joint venture that specializes in the research, development, manufacturing and sales of leather bag wear for mobile phones.//Ever since its establishment, it has set up two large standardized plants of which the surface area amounts to 700 thousand square feet and the construction area covers 300 thousand square feet.With 100 well-qualified professionals of management as well as R&D and more than 1000 skilled workers who have rich experience, the corporation has developed more than 10 trademarks and products which have exclusive patents.//

Based on the business philosophy of “perfect the working staff first, and then bring about the best products” and with a state-of-the-art feedback system of comprehensive marketing information, the company has developed all kinds of products ranking from high class, medium class and low class.This whole selection of fine products offers our customers the utmost enjoyment and satisfaction they would expect.Besides, the company sticks to its high qulity and perfect after-sales service, which ensures customer satisfaction.//

Under the leadership of General Manager Mr.James, the whole staff of Golden Harvest has made concerted efforts to relentlessly seek innovation and perfection.At present, the company has taken on a booming prospect and has been developed into one of the largest manufacturers of leather bag wear for mobile phones.//Moreover, the company has created a famous trademark – “WINNER” series, which is well known in the market and loved by both domestic and overseas customers for its unique design, sophisticated workmanship and high quality.//Its sales network not only covers all over the country including Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan Province, but also spreads to other countries and regions, among which are France, Australia, Canada and some Arab countries such as the United Arab Emirates.As a result, it has formed a highly competitive customers community.//

Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co.Ltd.will adhere to its operating creed: “Being earnest is the only basis” and will keep its promise forever.We believe that with the support from all our new and old customers, Golden Harvest will survive, flourish and create an even more prosperous future in the new century.//

(Excerpted from the brochure of the company profile of Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co.Ltd.)

Text 1.2(P98)

廣東嘉禾皮具有限公司創立于1985年，是一家集手機皮套的開發、研制、生產、銷售為一體的大型專業化合資公司。// 發展至今已擁有兩座大型的標準化制造廠，占地面積70萬平方英尺，建筑面積30萬平方英尺，擁有高素質的專業管理和設計人才近100名，經驗豐富的熟練工人1000多名，自主享有專利權的品牌和產品達十多種。

公司本這“先做人，后做事”的經營理念，以領先于時代的創造力和完備的市場信息反饋系統為后盾，不僅擁有高、中、低各種檔次齊全的產品，為客戶帶來五彩繽紛，隨心使用的享受。與此同時，還一貫堅持優良的品質和完備的售后服務，保證客戶滿意。//

公司在總經理詹姆斯先生的領導下，全體嘉禾員工齊心協力、公共拼搏、不斷創新、追求完美。呈現出勃勃的生機，并發展成為國內最大的手機皮套制造商之一。//其生成的著名品牌“WINNER”系列，以其獨特的設計，精湛的銷售網絡不僅遍布國內大中城市及港、澳、臺地區，還遠銷法國、澳大利亞、加拿大，以及阿聯酋等阿拉伯國家和地區，形成了極具競爭力的客戶群。//

廣東嘉禾皮具有限公司將永遠遵循“只有認真，才是根本”的創業信條，持守承諾，在新的世紀中與所有新老客戶共存共榮，共創明天的輝煌！//

（改編自《廣東嘉禾皮具有限公司簡介》宣傳手冊）

Text 3.2（P137）

The Important Role of CSR

I am particularly pleased to welcome our main speakers today, as well as those who will be leading our workshops this afternoon.Thanks to all of you, whether you have traveled from the UK, from Hong Kong, or from other parts of China.//

CSR is an area to which the British Government attaches particular importance.Indeed, I believe that the British Government was the first, anywhere in the world,to apponit a Minister with specific responsibility for CSR.// So it is with that mind that we have organized today’s event — an event that which the British Consulate-General in Guangzhou, particularly ourCultural and Education Section, alao known as the British Council, and the British Consulate-General in Hong Kong have worked hard togetherto deliver.// the event has been made possible through funding from the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, in particular through what is known as the Global OpportunitiesFund, and from the Uk trade & Investment.//

As Chinese companies seek to develop their ambitions of “going global”, or to work in partnership with international companies, as well as to meet the changing expectations of domestic consumes over the coming years, they too will to have to take into account and react to the demands of the gobal consumer — CRS will need toplay an increasinly important role in business planning and decision-making.//In this”work shop of the world”,the source of a major proportion of China’s exports,local

business cannot afford to ignore global trends if they want to play a full role in the global market place.//

CSR的重要地位

首先對今天主要發言人以及下午各個研討小組主持人的到來表示熱烈地歡迎，感謝你們，來自英國，香港或中國其他地區的朋友們。//

英國政府非常重視CRS研究，即企業社會責任這一領域。我相信英國是世界上第一個任命一位部長來負責CRS的國家。//考慮到這一點，我們駐廣州領事館——主要由領館文化教育處，即英國文化協會負責——和英國駐香港總領事館合力共同舉辦今次盛會。//這次盛會得以召開是由于得到英國外交部，特別是外交部所屬的“環球機會基金”和英國貿易投資總署共同資助//

在中國公司尋求實現其“走向世界”過程中，或者在與跨國公司合作過程中，亦或在未來幾年滿足國內消費者不斷變化需求的過程中，它們同樣要考慮全球的消費者的需求并對此作出反應——在這些過程中CSR會在企業規劃和決策中發揮越來越重要的作用。//在中國這個“世界工場”中，大珠三角地區作為中國主要的出口地，本地企業要想在全球市場中發揮更大的作用，忽略全球化趨勢將會得不償失。//

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