第一篇:2014年英語四級翻譯考前集訓(新東方資料整理)
1、絲綢之路(the Silk Road)是歷史上連接中國和地中海的一條重要 貿易路線。因為這條路上的絲綢貿易占絕大部分,所以在1877年它 被德國的一位地理學家命名為“絲綢之路”。這條古道從長安開始,經過河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到達敦煌后分成三條:南部路線,中部路線和北部路線。這三條路遍布新疆維吾爾自治區(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region),然后擴展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan),印度,甚至羅馬。
The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor,and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route,Central Route and Northern Route.The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.2、上個月中國服務產業有了較快增長,這加快了國家經濟增長。根據北京國家統計局(Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics)和中 國物流與采購聯合會(China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing)的 數據,非制造業釆購經理人指數(the non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers“ Index)二月份的時候從54.5上升到55.6,而摩根斯坦利亞太指數(the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes)從 52.1上升到54.3,達到5月以來的最高水平。
The Chinese service industries grew at a faster pace last month which helped to accelerate the nation’s economy growth.According to the figures from Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics and China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, the non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index rose to 55.6 from 54.5 in February, while the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes rose to from 52.1 to 54.3, its highest level since May.3、中國是一個文化、語言、風俗和經濟水平都很多樣化的地方。經濟格局尤其多樣化。大城市如北京,廣州和上海是現代的,相對 富裕的。然而,約50%的中國人仍然生活在農村地區,盡管中國只 有10%的土地是可耕地(arable land)。數百萬農村居民仍然依靠體 力勞動或役畜(draft animal)耕作。兩三百萬農民遷到城鎮尋找工作。一般來說,南部和東部沿海地區比內陸地區更富有,西部和北部,以及西南部是非常不發達的地區。
China is a very diverse place with large variations in culture, language, customs and economic levels.The economic landscape is particularly diverse.The major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are modem and comparatively wealthy.However, about 50% of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10% of China’s land is arable.Hundreds of millions of rural residents still farm with manual labour or draft animals.Some 200 to 300 million former peasants have23?migrated to townships and cities in search of work.Generally the southern and eastern coastal regions are wealthier while inland areas, the far west and north, and the southwest are much less developed.4、中國旅游研究院(China Tourism Academy)表示,大陸游客(mainland tourist)在海外旅游上花費了 420億美元。同時,海外游客(overseas tourists)只花了 380億美元在中國大陸,同比下降7%。雖 然2009的官方統計數據還沒有公布,研究院估計2009年的旅游赤字將是4億——中國
旅游業首次赤字。
China Tourism Academy, said that mainland tourists spent some $42 billion in overseas destinations.At the same time,overseas tourists spent only $38 billion on the mainland, down by 7 percent year-on-year.Though official statistics for 2009 are yet to be released, the academy estimated that the tourism deficit will stand at $4 billion in 2009 —the first ever tourism deficit in China.5、幾個世紀以來,中國在自然中尋求靈感和自知之明(self-knowledge)。因此,在中國園林中引發自然世界。由于城市土地一直昂貴,中國城市的園林相對都比較小,但是每一個中國園林都致力于巖石、植物、水看起來比它實際上要更好,因為中國的園林設計 師用巧妙的方式帶領游客從一個獨特的有利視角(vantage point)到另有利視角。
For centuries, the Chinese have sought inspiration and self-knowledge in nature.Hence, the gardens in China evoke the natural world.Because land has always been expensive in cities,urban China gardens are relatively small, but the space of every Chinese garden devoted to rocks,plants and water seems much greater than it actually is because of the clever ways in which Chinese garden designers lead the visitor from one unique vantage point to another.6、孫大圣是中國古典文學名著《西游記》(Journey to the West)中 的一個主要的人物。他是唐僧(Tang Monk)第一個徒弟。其實在中國,他最受歡迎的名字不是“孫大圣”,而是“孫悟空”,這是教他72變的第一個師傅給他起的名字。“悟”的意思是“啟迪”。“空”的意思是“無”,這是佛學(Buddhism)中最重要的一個認識。在佛學中,人必須放棄欲望和所有對財富、名聲的渴望,以培養自己為佛。
Monkey King is one of the main characters in Chinese classic literature masterpiece “Journey to the West”.He is the first disciple of Tang Monk.Actually in Chinese,his most popular name is not “Monkey King” but “Sun Wukong,,which was given by his first Master who taught him the 72 supernormal abilities.“Wu” means enlightening.“Kong” means emptiness,which is one of the most important understandings in Buddhism.In Buddhism, one has to give up every human desire and all attachments including the attachments to wealth and fame etc, in order to cultivate oneself into a Buddha.7、在傳統的中國家庭文化中,同一祖先的幾代后裔(descendants)居住在一起,形成一個大家庭。這種自治(autonomous)家族制度是中國傳統社會的基本單位。中國的孩子們跟隨他們父親的姓。這和西方文化是一樣的。如今在中國,孩子跟父親的姓或母親的姓在法律上都是合法的。除了那些因為結婚加入到家庭中的人以外,人們的姓氏都是一樣的。
In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big family system.This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society.Chinese children follow their father’s family name.This is the same as western culture.Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either father’s family name or mother’s family name.Within each family system, of course people except those who joined this family system through marriage all have the same family name.8、中醫(Chinese medicine)是世界醫學的遺產。中醫有比西方醫學更好的治病方法。因為中醫的效果和醫治方式,在世界上中醫現在越來越流行了。中醫起源于古代,已經發展了很長一段時間,它收集了治療不同疾病的各種方法。傳統中醫講究人們身體系統的平衡。這是說,一旦人的身體系統
平衡,疾病就會消失。身體系統的損害是疾病的根源。
Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine.Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones.China medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its effect and its way to heal people.Originated from the ancient time,the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it has collected various ways to treat different illness.The traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance the body system of people.It is said that once the system of people is in balance, the illness will disappear.The damage of the body system is the source of disease.9、剪紙(paper cutting)是中國最為流行的傳統民間藝術形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史,在明朝和清朝時期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環境。特別是在 春節和婚慶期間,剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間,以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色,象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙在世界各地 很受歡迎,經常被用作饋贈外國友人的禮物。
Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts.Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors,windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity.Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.10、為消費者提供所需是每一個企業成功的關鍵。為此,企業需要 為如何吸引并留住客戶制定計劃。影響這種計劃的因素很多,比如 客戶關系、廣告、聲譽、定價、性價比(value for money)以及售后服務等。除此之外,一個企業還需要高效、經濟、安全地運營,因為 這些方面是與客戶和雇員直接相關的。
Providing what the customer requires is the key to any successful business.To do this, a business needs to have a plan for attracting, and keeping,their customers.There are several factors involved in developing a workable plan, such as, customer relations, advertising, reputation,pricing,value for money and after sales service.On top of that, businesses need to be run, efficiently, economically and safely because all these aspects relate to both their customers and their employees.11、盡管音樂對每個人來說,都再熟悉不過了,但是幾乎每個人對 這門藝術都有自己的觀點看法。什么音樂算是好的音樂,這是見仁見智的。各個音樂風格都有自己的經典音樂作品流行的并不完全等 于經典的。一個好的音樂作品,是創作者(creator)和演奏者(performer)雙方共同努力的結果,二者相輔相成,缺一不可。
While music is familiar to virtually everyone it is an art, about which everyone has an opinion.What defines “great” music is, very much, a personal issue.There is “great” music in every style but what is popular does not always define the quality.Music is a joint effort between the creator and the performer and one cannot exist without the other.12、盡管圖書的種類多種多樣,但從本質上說,它們都可以被分為兩大類,即紀實題材(fact)與小說題材。有時二者之間很難辨別,因為許多小說都是圍繞著(mixed)現實事件和真實人物來進行創作的。紀實題材的書籍包括:歷史書,教科書,旅行手記,手冊指南(manual)和自傳(autobiography)
等。
There are many, many different types of books but, essentially, fliey come in two categories, fact or fiction.Sometimes it is hard to distinguish between the two, because some fiction stories are mixed around true event and refer to real life people.The types of books that are included in the factual category are history books, text books, travel books, manuals and autobiographies.13、在現代社會,交通工具巳經成為了社會健康持續發展的關鍵因素。但令人遺憾的是,這些交通工具在為我們提供便利的同時,是要我們付出代價的。越是發展現代交通,我們所要付出的代價也越大。如果人類社會按照這個模式發展下去的話,將來就會付出更高的成本,受到的打擊也越大。
Transportation in all modem societies has become a critical necessity for the continued well being of the community.Unfortunately, the development of these transportation systems has come at a price,in relation to the convenience they provide.The further society goes down that same path, the more expensive, and damaging, it will become.14、少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfu)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和尚們練習的_種武術(martial arts)。少林寺,建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太和期(Taihe Period)十九年,是少林功夫發展的文化空間。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侶練習的,他們的職責是保護寺廟。現在經過1500多年的發展,少林功夫已逐步發展成為一種完美技術和豐富含義相融合的藝術,在全世界享有聲譽。
Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province.The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for the development of the Shaolin Kungfu.The Shaolin Kungfii, which is originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to protect the temple, has been gradually developed into an art of perfect technology, abundant meanings and high reputation in the whole world after more than 1500 years of development.15、洛陽是地處中原的河南省西部一個地級市(prefecture-level city)。它東部舭鄰省會鄭州,南接南陽,西連三門峽(Senxia),北鄰濟源。在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),洛陽是東都(Dongdu),東部首都,其人口最多的時候有100萬左右,僅次于當時世界上最大的城市——長安。在短暫的五代(Five Dynasties)時期,洛陽是后梁(Later Liang),后唐(Later Tang)和后晉(Later Jin)的首都,后來,北宋(the North Song Dynasty)時期,洛陽是西部首都,也是宋朝的建立人趙匡胤的出生地。
Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China.It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, and Jiyuan to the north.During the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was Dongdu(東都),the “Eastern Capital' and at its height had a population of around one million, second only to Chang,an,which, at the time,was the largest city in the world.During the short-lived Five Dynasties, Luoyang was the capital of the Later Liang, Later Tang, and Later Jin.During the North Song Dynasty,?Luoyang was the “Western Capital” and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of Song Dynasty.
第二篇:新東方四級英語考前復習資料
[分享]新東方四級英語考前復習資料
新東方四級英語考前復習資料
為大家奉上很有價值的一份筆記,希望大家能看貼回帖支持一下~~~
在閱讀題和詞匯語法題中,有這幾個詞的選項肯定是答案:beyond, entitle, availabel, bargain, lest, except for
在“自然科學”閱讀中,有這幾個詞的選項肯定要排除:all, only, totally, compalatly, unlimiely.在“態度題”中,有這兩個詞的選項要排除:indiffrent(漠不關心的),subject(主觀的)
作文題目強烈推薦-----“網絡的利弊”
詞匯:(很有沖刺性)
come go keep hold get put make turn bring look call ask stand lay run live
以上詞跟介詞搭配必考幾道!
重點記憶詞匯---------------(括號內注明的是這次要考的意思)
bargain(見了就選)except for(見了就選)offer(錄取通知書)effects(個人財物)gap(不足、差距)mark(污點、做標記)mind(照料、看管)moment(考了8次)present(拿出)inquire deliberate advisable accuse anything but but for consume with extensive at intervals origin preferable to procedure profitable property pace point range refuse refer to relief religion relatively release rise single sole spoil stick suit surprise urgent vary tense tolerant trace vacant weaken wear off
需要辨析的:
1.call off(取消、放棄)和 call up(召集、喚起)2.adapt to 和 adopt
3.arise 和 arouse 4.count on = rely on 5.cope with = deal with
6.no doubt 和 in doubt 7.employee 和 employer 8.general 和 generous
9.instant 和 constant 10.lie(及物)和 lay(不及物)11.regulate 和 regular
12.supply(有目的提供)和 offer(無目的提供)
語法:(分值小)
1. 虛擬語氣:
表示建議的幾個詞:wish, would rather, had rather;
it is time that + 過去式;
it is high time that + 過去式;
but for、lest、as if、as though、would、should、could、might +動詞原型。
2. 非謂語動詞:
最常考:不定式 表示主動、將來,通常愛做后置定語;
其次考:分詞 現在分詞表示主動進行,過去分詞表示被動完成。通常做狀語。
再次考:動名詞 動詞名詞化,做主語和賓語。
3. 時態:
按出題可能性大小依次為:將來完成時,過去完成時,現在完成進行時,現在完成時,一般現在時。
4. 語態:
肯定考被動。
作文:(肯定是議論文、最有沖刺性)
什么樣的英雄是你心目中的英雄(有可能出)
適合才是找工作的關鍵(有可能出)
學校點名有沒有必要
談一下你對atm機的看法(有可能出)
防盜門窗有沒有用
你對打折的看法
演講稿的開頭致歡迎詞
獨生子女的利弊
你怎么看待電視購物,電子購物
網絡的利弊 ----------------------------(最有可能!)
閱讀:
必考體裁:
1。美國文化生活實文
提示:1。friend,關于友誼;2。家庭,父母,養父母;3。“死亡”話題,安樂死;4。美國經濟問題
2。教育學
提示:1。imitation(模仿);2。中美教育差別;3。選專業,找工作
3。自然學科
提示:讀什么選什么。*只要有 all 或only 的選項就排除。
出題原則:
1. 轉折原則:出現but、however肯定出題;
2. 原因原則:出現because、reason、witse(由于)、be dule to(由于)肯定出題;
3. 比較原則:在讀文章時,遇到比較原則的特征詞做出標記,以便定位;
題干當中出現特征詞,回原文定位時,必須有相同或類似的說法出現;
要是選項中出現了特征詞,如果要選,原文中必須有出處,但通常無出處,所以常排除。
特征詞:best、first、last、no、all、none、primally、best、always、never、main、more?than?.as?.as?.、only、sole、unique
4.例證原則:例子本身不重,所支持的觀點、論斷最重要。
做題技巧:
------細節題:
1. 文章議論順序和出題順序一致;
2. 從題干中尋找典型的特征詞回原文中定位;
常用定位詞:時間,地點,人名,特征名詞及其定語
3. 從選項當中尋找一個與所定位內容意思最接近的作為正確答案。
排除法:1。分清有無,2。分清強弱,3。分清主次,4。分清正反,5。分清寬窄,6。分清全偏。
* **選項中有以下幾個詞則排除:totally, compalatly, unlimitely.------態度題:
永遠不可能為答案的詞:indifrent(漠不關心的),subjuct(主觀的)
常選詞:
樂觀、贊揚:positive(支持),accurate,optimistic(樂觀的)
中立: objective(客觀的)在自然科學文章中常作正確選項
neutral(中立的)在自然科學文章中常作正確選項
悲觀、批評:critical(批評的),nejative,pessimistic(悲觀的)
出處:1。主題句,2。例證的傾向性,3,修飾語的感情色彩
------topic題(1個):
1. 文章的topic(議論對象、說明對象)必須存在于正確答案當中;
在文章中尋找topic:從前不從后,從多不從少。
2. 排除:文章所談的細節內容和段落內容永遠不可能成為答案;
3. 主題句的出處:文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。
------infer題(1—2個):
1. 基本原則:從選項當中尋找一個與原文意思最相近的作為正確答案;
2. 從選項下手,運用排除法。
------詞匯和指代合在一起(出一題):
1. 指代:在文章中找到位置往前找,離它最近的名詞、詞組和句子;
2. 詞匯:從該詞附近的定語從句、同位語、同位語從句、逗號和破折號中間的插入語并列結構去猜詞。
(一)聽力題型分析 i、a節(section a)1、問題類型
a節每組對話一般是在一男一女之間進行的一問一答。問題一般由先講話的人提出。題目均以問句形式出現,其中多數是特殊疑問句。這些問題涉及的內容大致歸納如下: a、多用來問以下內容:
1)問“是什么、要什么、討論什么、什么種類”等,如: what is the man''s answer? what does the woman want for lunch? what are they talking about? what kind of books does the man want to borrow? 2)問“做什么”,如:
what does the woman tell the man to do first? what are the speakers doing now? what will happen if john fails the exam? 3)問“什么含義”,如:
what does the man mean(imply)? what does the woman''s answer suggest? 4)問“從對話中能獲得什么信息或結論”,如: what can we learn from the conversation? what can be concluded from this conversation? 5)問“對某人或某事有什么看法”,如: what does the man think of miss brown? what does the woman think of the plan? b、a節中用提出的問題主要問“對話可能是在什么場所發生的”,即: where does this conversation most probably take place? where does this conversation most likely occur? where are the man and woman? c、可能問以下幾個方面的情況: 1)問鐘點(可用替換),如:
man(m): what time did yesterday''s football match start? woman(w): it was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.question(q): when did the game finally start? 2)問在哪個星期或星期幾(后者可用替換),如:
w: i thought to go to town now.i have some shopping to do.m: don''t spend too much, i won''t get paid until next week.q: when will he be paid? 3)問日期,如:
when will the winter vacation begin? d、用提問的問題可以問原因,也可以問目的,如: why is the man late? why did the man repair the car by himself? e、可能問對話者某一方的身份、對話人之間的關系或對話中涉及到的其他人的情況,如: w: may i help you ,sir? m: i hope so.it''s my watch.i brought it in to be repaired, but i''ve lost the receipt.q: who is the man? f、主要針對以下內容提問:
1)問做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具,如: how did the teacher usually begin his class? how does the man usually go to work? 2)問“對某事的感受如何”,如: how does the man feel about the movie? how do you like the film? g、問“多少”,屬于涉及數字的題,可能有以下幾種形式: how many persons...? how many dozens of...does...want? how much does...? how old is...? how long does it take...to...? a節的問句根據疑問詞劃分,大致可以歸為以上七類。a節中偶爾也有個別一般疑問句。但也可能出現其它類型的問句,(如以whom,whose,which提問),或針對以上未歸納的內容進行提問。
(二)2、對話內容分類
若按對話內容分類,則可分為以下幾種類型: a、時間類:包括直接型和計算型。如:
w: your library books are due on december 13th.if you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.m: thank you very much.i only need them for a few days.q: when must the man return his books to the library? b、數字類:包括直接型和計算型。如: w: do you live in a college dormitory? m: yes, i do.it''s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.q: how many people share the suite now? c、地點類:包括直接型和含蓄型。如: m: i need to cash this check? w: will you step right over to the teller''s window, please? q: where is the conversation most probably taking place? d、否定類:
此類對話既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定詞,也有 but,although等轉折詞,或由would rather,too...to結構及虛擬語氣等表達。因此,對于后者要特別加以注意。如: m: ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me? w: i wish i could help you.i went shopping yesterday.now i have only two dollars till the end of the week.q: will the man borrow any money from the woman? 此題的答案肯定是no。聽這段話時要抓住i wish i could help you.這一關鍵話語。這句話雖然從表面上看是肯定式,但卻隱含著i''m sorry i can''t help you.的意思。e、人物類:
包括人物關系、人物身份兩類。此類對話提供一個情節,能反映所涉及的人的關系或身份。如: m: good evening, madam.there is a table for two over there.this way, please.w: thank you.could i see the menu, please? q: what''s the relationship between the man and woman? a)husband and wife.b)waiter and customer.c)salesman and customer.d)host and guest.f、活動類:
這一類談話內容可涉及上課、娛樂、工作、日常生活等各種 情況。如:
w: are you going to new york next weekend? m: yes, i''m going to look up bill while i''m there.q: what''s the man going to do? 這類對話中往往先后出現幾種情況,要注意聽問句是什么,然后再作出選擇。
(三)3、幾種常見的解題方法
a節中的對話雖然簡短,但多數情況下,往往不能從聽到的內容中找到與選擇項內容完全相同的部分,即對話中一般沒有現成的答案。因此,在聽的時候要注意抓住選擇項的同義或反義詞(組)用辨別法答題(解活動類多用此方法),或根據對話內容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。用這種方法答題,類型不僅僅限于諸如“what does the man mean?”這樣的題目,其它如含蓄人物類、人物身份類、含蓄地點類、否定類題目也與此類似。如:
w: how do you like the play you saw last night? m: well, i should have stayed at home.q: what does the man think of the play? a)it is exciting.b)it is boring.c)he didn''t see the play.d)he like it very much.對話中“i should have stayed at home.”(我真該待在家里),這句話已婉轉地表明他不喜歡這出戲,而對沒有待在家里表示遺憾、后悔(should have done something這種結構可用來表示“對應該發生而實際上沒有發生的事情表示遺憾、后悔或譴責)。能使他產生此感想的原因自然是”the play is boring.“(演出令人厭煩),因而b是正確的答案。否定類題目多含有虛擬語氣、語氣否定、暗示比喻、強化意見等形式。這一節屬于此數字類題目的對話中,多出現兩處,甚至三、四處數字或時間,因此,除了用辨別方法外,有時必須用計算方法才能得出正確答案.(四)四六級英語寫作類型
1. 體裁:說明文,議論文 最近幾年的四六級作文的體裁以說明文和議論文為主。說明文如:how to succeed in a job interview(2000,12,四級), how i finance my college education(2000,1 四級), practice makes perfect,haste makes waste(97,1 六級)議論文如:don''t hesitate to say ”no“(99,1 四級和六級), can money buy happiness(95,1 四級), is a test of spoken english necessary?(2000,6 四級)reading selectively or extensively?(99,6六級),do ”lucky numbers“ really bring good luck?(98,6 四級和六級)
2.段落類型:比較/對比,列舉,程序等 說明和議論文章所采用的文章擴展模式一般以比較/對照,舉例、列舉、因果、程序等者居多。如:don''t hesitate to say ”no“, reading selectively or extensively等很多四六級寫作中都涉及到兩種觀點的對比,整體的段落類型為對照型。practice makes perfect, harmfulness of fake commodities等可采用因果行的段落結構模式,也可以采用舉例說明的結構模式。advantages of a job interview則應采用列舉的段落擴展模式。
3. 出題方式:提綱式寫作,中文提綱,一般為三句或兩句。如:99年1月份考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: don''t hesitate to say ”no“.you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.別人請求幫助時,在什么情況下我們會說“不”。2.為什么有些人在該說“不”的時候不說“不”。3.該說“不”時不說“不”的壞處。
再如:98年一月分考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: harmfulness of fake commodities.you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什么會有這種情況2.舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人、社會等的危害。
(五)論文類的常考思路: 1.題目難擬 2.資料難查 3.打字(機房總被占用)涉及詞匯: 打字: laptop 手提電腦 壞了
打印: type it out -->printer/computer 摘要: do some research -->labrary 【research】 1.論文 2.報紙 3.文件 4.紙張 考點詞匯: 演講:(speech,address,report)-->考點:1.提問難 2.應穿著正式的衣服(對話涉及)3.感到緊張(feeling nervous)圖書管題目常考思路: 1.想借的書借不到 2.想還的書(已經過期)考點詞匯: 關于費用:fare 交通費 rent 租金 fee 雜費 utilities 水電費 postage 郵資 tuition 學費 tuition feee 學雜費 罰款:fine 餐廳問題的常考思路: 校內食堂 cafeteria 關于make a reseration/book/reserve a table/menu/order/ 餐廳:fansy restanrant(豪華的)/meal ticket(飯票)/plate(盤子)/helpings(一人一份)機場內題目常考思路: 1.票已經賣完 2.接人晚點 3.送人傷感 考點詞匯: board 登機
airplane/direct flight/first class(頭等艙)/economy class(經濟艙)/seat belt/take over/land(降落)/ wing(1.附樓 2.機翼)/terminal 1.終端 2.終點站 3.后機廳 交通類題目常考思路: 交通阻塞:1.traffic jam 2.back up 罰款(fine):1.break rules 2.go speeding 交通晚點:1.behind schedule = delay 2.on schedule = on time 打電話場景考試思路: 1.要約會的人約不到 2.約會去不了 3.電話打不通或者打錯電話 考點詞匯: coin:wrong out of coins ->cut off(被動)->hang up(主動)->hook(掛鉤)->receiver(話筒)-> slot(硬幣投幣口)過程: look up/pick up/drop coin in the slot/dial 醫院類的題目思路: 1.醫生難找 2.病情如何 getting better/worse 3.有病耽誤 miss the class {reason:1.get ill 2.over sleep 3.traffic jam
第三篇:新東方英語四級筆記資料
外語下載中心http://down.tingroom.com
英語四級資料:新東方的筆記資料
在閱讀題和詞匯語法題中,有這幾個詞的選項肯定是答案:beyond, entitle, availabel, bargain, lest, except for
在“自然科學”閱讀中,有這幾個詞的選項肯定要排除:all, only, totally, compalatly, unlimiely.在“態度題”中,有這兩個詞的選項要排除:indiffrent(漠不關心的),subject(主觀的)
作文題目強烈推薦-----“網絡的利弊”
詞匯:(很有沖刺性)
come go keep hold get put make turn bring look call ask stand lay run live
以上詞跟介詞搭配必考幾道!
重點記憶詞匯---------------(括號內注明的是這次要考的意思)
bargain(見了就選)except for(見了就選)offer(錄取通知書)effects(個人財物)gap(不足、差距)mark(污點、做標記)mind(照料、看管)moment(考了8次)present(拿出)inquire deliberate advisable accuse anything but but for consume with extensive at intervals origin preferable to procedure profitable property pace point range refuse refer to relief religion relatively release rise single sole spoil stick suit surprise urgent vary tense tolerant trace vacant weaken wear off
需要辨析的:
1.call off(取消、放棄)和 call up(召集、喚起)2.adapt to 和 adopt
3.arise 和 arouse 4.count on = rely on 5.cope with = deal with
6.no doubt 和 in doubt 7.employee 和 employer 8.general 和 generous
9.instant 和 constant 10.lie(及物)和 lay(不及物)11.regulate 和 regular
12.supply(有目的提供)和 offer(無目的提供)
語法:(分值小)
1. 虛擬語氣:
表示建議的幾個詞:wish, would rather, had rather;
it is time that + 過去式;
it is high time that + 過去式;
but for、lest、as if、as though、would、should、could、might +動詞原型。
2. 非謂語動詞:
最常考:不定式 表示主動、將來,通常愛做后置定語;
其次考:分詞 現在分詞表示主動進行,過去分詞表示被動完成。通常做狀語。
再次考:動名詞 動詞名詞化,做主語和賓語。
3. 時態:
按出題可能性大小依次為:將來完成時,過去完成時,現在完成進行時,現在完成時,一般現在時。
4. 語態:
肯定考被動。
作文:(肯定是議論文、最有沖刺性)
什么樣的英雄是你心目中的英雄(有可能出)
適合才是找工作的關鍵(有可能出)
學校點名有沒有必要
談一下你對atm機的看法(有可能出)
防盜門窗有沒有用
你對打折的看法
演講稿的開頭致歡迎詞
獨生子女的利弊 外語下載中心http://down.tingroom.com
你怎么看待電視購物,電子購物
網絡的利弊 ----------------------------(最有可能!)
閱讀:
必考體裁:
1。美國文化生活實文
提示:1。friend,關于友誼;2。家庭,父母,養父母;3。“死亡”話題,安樂死;4。美國經濟問題
2。教育學
提示:1。imitation(模仿);2。中美教育差別;3。選專業,找工作
3。自然學科
提示:讀什么選什么。*只要有 all 或only 的選項就排除。
出題原則:
1. 轉折原則:出現but、however肯定出題;
2. 原因原則:出現because、reason、witse(由于)、be dule to(由于)肯定出題;
3. 比較原則:在讀文章時,遇到比較原則的特征詞做出標記,以便定位;
題干當中出現特征詞,回原文定位時,必須有相同或類似的說法出現;
要是選項中出現了特征詞,如果要選,原文中必須有出處,但通常無出處,所以常排除。
特征詞:best、first、last、no、all、none、primally、best、always、never、main、more?than?.as?.as?.、only、sole、unique
4.例證原則:例子本身不重,所支持的觀點、論斷最重要。做題技巧:
------細節題:
1. 文章議論順序和出題順序一致;
2. 從題干中尋找典型的特征詞回原文中定位;
常用定位詞:時間,地點,人名,特征名詞及其定語
3. 從選項當中尋找一個與所定位內容意思最接近的作為正確答案。
排除法:1。分清有無,2。分清強弱,3。分清主次,4。分清正反,5。分清寬窄,6。分清全偏。
* **選項中有以下幾個詞則排除:totally, compalatly, unlimitely.------態度題:
永遠不可能為答案的詞:indifrent(漠不關心的),subjuct(主觀的)
常選詞:
樂觀、贊揚:positive(支持),accurate,optimistic(樂觀的)
中立: objective(客觀的)在自然科學文章中常作正確選項
neutral(中立的)在自然科學文章中常作正確選項
悲觀、批評:critical(批評的),nejative,pessimistic(悲觀的)
出處:1。主題句,2。例證的傾向性,3,修飾語的感情色彩
------topic題(1個):
1. 文章的topic(議論對象、說明對象)必須存在于正確答案當中;
在文章中尋找topic:從前不從后,從多不從少。
2. 排除:文章所談的細節內容和段落內容永遠不可能成為答案;
3. 主題句的出處:文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。
------infer題(1—2個):
1. 基本原則:從選項當中尋找一個與原文意思最相近的作為正確答案;
2. 從選項下手,運用排除法。
------詞匯和指代合在一起(出一題): 外語下載中心http://down.tingroom.com
1. 指代:在文章中找到位置往前找,離它最近的名詞、詞組和句子;
2. 詞匯:從該詞附近的定語從句、同位語、同位語從句、逗號和破折號中間的插入語并列結構去猜詞。
(一)聽力題型分析 i、a節(section a)1、問題類型
a節每組對話一般是在一男一女之間進行的一問一答。問題一般由先講話的人提出。題目均以問句形式出現,其中多數是特殊疑問句。這些問題涉及的內容大致歸納如下: a、多用來問以下內容:
1)問“是什么、要什么、討論什么、什么種類”等,如: what is the man''s answer? what does the woman want for lunch? what are they talking about? what kind of books does the man want to borrow? 2)問“做什么”,如:
what does the woman tell the man to do first? what are the speakers doing now? what will happen if john fails the exam? 3)問“什么含義”,如:
what does the man mean(imply)? what does the woman''s answer suggest? 4)問“從對話中能獲得什么信息或結論”,如: what can we learn from the conversation? what can be concluded from this conversation? 5)問“對某人或某事有什么看法”,如: what does the man think of miss brown? what does the woman think of the plan? b、a節中用提出的問題主要問“對話可能是在什么場所發生的”,即: where does this conversation most probably take place? where does this conversation most likely occur? where are the man and woman? c、可能問以下幾個方面的情況: 1)問鐘點(可用替換),如:
man(m): what time did yesterday''s football match start? woman(w): it was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.question(q): when did the game finally start? 2)問在哪個星期或星期幾(后者可用替換),如: w: i thought to go to town now.i have some shopping to do.m: don''t spend too much, i won''t get paid until next week.q: when will he be paid? 3)問日期,如:
when will the winter vacation begin? d、用提問的問題可以問原因,也可以問目的,如: 外語下載中心http://down.tingroom.com
why is the man late? why did the man repair the car by himself? e、可能問對話者某一方的身份、對話人之間的關系或對話中涉及到的其他人的情況,如: w: may i help you ,sir? m: i hope so.it''s my watch.i brought it in to be repaired, but i''ve lost the receipt.q: who is the man? f、主要針對以下內容提問:
1)問做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具,如: how did the teacher usually begin his class? how does the man usually go to work? 2)問“對某事的感受如何”,如: how does the man feel about the movie? how do you like the film? g、問“多少”,屬于涉及數字的題,可能有以下幾種形式: how many persons...? how many dozens of...does...want? how much does...? how old is...? how long does it take...to...? a節的問句根據疑問詞劃分,大致可以歸為以上七類。a節中偶爾也有個別一般疑問句。但也可能出現其它類型的問句,(如以whom,whose,which提問),或針對以上未歸納的內容進行提問。
(二)2、對話內容分類
若按對話內容分類,則可分為以下幾種類型: a、時間類:包括直接型和計算型。如:
w: your library books are due on december 13th.if you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.m: thank you very much.i only need them for a few days.q: when must the man return his books to the library? b、數字類:包括直接型和計算型。如: w: do you live in a college dormitory? m: yes, i do.it''s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.q: how many people share the suite now? c、地點類:包括直接型和含蓄型。如: m: i need to cash this check? w: will you step right over to the teller''s window, please? q: where is the conversation most probably taking place? d、否定類:
此類對話既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定詞,也有 but,although等轉折詞,或由would rather,too...to結構及虛擬語氣等表達。因此,對于后者要特別加以注意。如: m: ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me? w: i wish i could help you.i went shopping yesterday.now i have only two dollars till the end of the week.q: will the man borrow any money from the woman? 此題的答案肯定是no。聽這段話時要抓住i wish i could help you.這一關鍵話語。這句話雖然從表面上看是外語下載中心http://down.tingroom.com
肯定式,但卻隱含著i''m sorry i can''t help you.的意思。e、人物類:
包括人物關系、人物身份兩類。此類對話提供一個情節,能反映所涉及的人的關系或身份。如: m: good evening, madam.there is a table for two over there.this way, please.w: thank you.could i see the menu, please? q: what''s the relationship between the man and woman? a)husband and wife.b)waiter and customer.c)salesman and customer.d)host and guest.f、活動類:
這一類談話內容可涉及上課、娛樂、工作、日常生活等各種
情況。如:
w: are you going to new york next weekend? m: yes, i''m going to look up bill while i''m there.q: what''s the man going to do? 這類對話中往往先后出現幾種情況,要注意聽問句是什么,然后再作出選擇。
(三)3、幾種常見的解題方法
a節中的對話雖然簡短,但多數情況下,往往不能從聽到的內容中找到與選擇項內容完全相同的部分,即對話中一般沒有現成的答案。因此,在聽的時候要注意抓住選擇項的同義或反義詞(組)用辨別法答題(解活動類多用此方法),或根據對話內容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。用這種方法答題,類型不僅僅限于諸如“what does the man mean?”這樣的題目,其它如含蓄人物類、人物身份類、含蓄地點類、否定類題目也與此類似。如:
w: how do you like the play you saw last night? m: well, i should have stayed at home.q: what does the man think of the play? a)it is exciting.b)it is boring.c)he didn''t see the play.d)he like it very much.對話中“i should have stayed at home.”(我真該待在家里),這句話已婉轉地表明他不喜歡這出戲,而對沒有待在家里表示遺憾、后悔(should have done something這種結構可用來表示“對應該發生而實際上沒有發生的事情表示遺憾、后悔或譴責)。能使他產生此感想的原因自然是”the play is boring.“(演出令人厭煩),因而b是正確的答案。否定類題目多含有虛擬語氣、語氣否定、暗示比喻、強化意見等形式。這一節屬于此數字類題目的對話中,多出現兩處,甚至三、四處數字或時間,因此,除了用辨別方法外,有時必須用計算方法才能得出正確答案.(四)四六級英語寫作類型
1. 體裁:說明文,議論文 最近幾年的四六級作文的體裁以說明文和議論文為主。說明文如:how to succeed in a job interview(2000,12,四級), how i finance my college education(2000,1 四級), practice makes perfect,haste makes waste(97,1 六級)議論文如:don''t hesitate to say ”no“(99,1 四級和六級), can money buy happiness(95,1 四級), is a test of spoken english necessary?(2000,6 四級)reading selectively or extensively?(99,6六級),do ”lucky numbers“ really bring good luck?(98,6 四級和六級)
2.段落類型:比較/對比,列舉,程序等 說明和議論文章所采用的文章擴展模式一般以比較/對照,舉例、列舉、因果、程序等者居多。如:don''t hesitate to say ”no“, reading selectively or extensively等很多四六級寫作中都涉及到兩種觀點的對比,整體的段落類型為對照型。practice makes perfect, harmfulness of 外語下載中心http://down.tingroom.com
fake commodities等可采用因果行的段落結構模式,也可以采用舉例說明的結構模式。advantages of a job interview則應采用列舉的段落擴展模式。
3. 出題方式:提綱式寫作,中文提綱,一般為三句或兩句。如:99年1月份考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: don''t hesitate to say ”no“.you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.別人請求幫助時,在什么情況下我們會說“不”。2.為什么有些人在該說“不”的時候不說“不”。3.該說“不”時不說“不”的壞處。
再如:98年一月分考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: harmfulness of fake commodities.you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什么會有這種情況2.舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人、社會等的危害。
(五)論文類的常考思路: 1.題目難擬 2.資料難查 3.打字(機房總被占用)涉及詞匯: 打字: laptop 手提電腦 壞了
打印: type it out -->printer/computer 摘要: do some research -->labrary 【research】 1.論文 2.報紙 3.文件 4.紙張
考點詞匯: 演講:(speech,address,report)-->考點:1.提問難 2.應穿著正式的衣服(對話涉及)3.感到緊張(feeling nervous)
圖書管題目常考思路: 1.想借的書借不到 2.想還的書(已經過期)考點詞匯: 關于費用:fare 交通費 rent 租金 fee 雜費 utilities 水電費 postage 郵資 tuition 學費
tuition feee 學雜費 罰款:fine
餐廳問題的常考思路: 校內食堂 cafeteria
關于make a reseration/book/reserve a table/menu/order/ 餐廳:fansy restanrant(豪華的)/meal ticket(飯票)/plate(盤子)/helpings(一人一份)
機場內題目常考思路: 1.票已經賣完 2.接人晚點 3.送人傷感 考點詞匯: board 登機
airplane/direct flight/first class(頭等艙)/economy class(經濟艙)/seat belt/take over/land(降落)/ wing(1.附樓 2.機翼)/terminal 1.終端 2.終點站 3.后機廳 外語下載中心http://down.tingroom.com
交通類題目常考思路: 交通阻塞:1.traffic jam 2.back up 罰款(fine):1.break rules 2.go speeding 交通晚點:1.behind schedule = delay 2.on schedule = on time
打電話場景考試思路: 1.要約會的人約不到 2.約會去不了 3.電話打不通或者打錯電話 考點詞匯: coin:wrong out of coins ->cut off(被動)->hang up(主動)->hook(掛鉤)->receiver(話筒)-> slot(硬幣投幣口)過程: look up/pick up/drop coin in the slot/dial
醫院類的題目思路: 1.醫生難找 2.病情如何 getting better/worse 3.有病耽誤 miss the class {reason:1.get ill 2.over sleep 3.traffic jam
第四篇:新東方英語四級筆記資料
外語下載中心http://down.tingroom.com
英語四級資料:新東方的筆記資料
在閱讀題和詞匯語法題中,有這幾個詞的選項肯定是答案:beyond, entitle, availabel, bargain, lest, except for
在“自然科學”閱讀中,有這幾個詞的選項肯定要排除:all, only, totally, compalatly, unlimiely.在“態度題”中,有這兩個詞的選項要排除:indiffrent(漠不關心的),subject(主觀的)作文題目強烈推薦-----“網絡的利弊”
詞匯:(很有沖刺性)
come go keep hold get put make turn bring look call ask stand lay run live
以上詞跟介詞搭配必考幾道!
重點記憶詞匯---------------(括號內注明的是這次要考的意思)
bargain(見了就選)except for(見了就選)offer(錄取通知書)effects(個人財物)gap(不足、差距)mark(污點、做標記)mind(照料、看管)moment(考了8次)present(拿出)inquire deliberate advisable accuse anything but but for consume with extensive at intervals origin preferable to procedure profitable property pace point range refuse refer to relief religion relatively release rise single sole spoil stick suit surprise urgent vary tense tolerant trace vacant weaken wear off
需要辨析的:
1.call off(取消、放棄)和 call up(召集、喚起)2.adapt to 和 adopt
3.arise 和 arouse 4.count on = rely on 5.cope with = deal with
6.no doubt 和 in doubt 7.employee 和 employer 8.general 和 generous
9.instant 和 constant 10.lie(及物)和 lay(不及物)11.regulate 和 regular
12.supply(有目的提供)和 offer(無目的提供)
語法:(分值小)
1. 虛擬語氣:
表示建議的幾個詞:wish, would rather, had rather;
it is time that + 過去式;
it is high time that + 過去式;
but for、lest、as if、as though、would、should、could、might +動詞原型。
2. 非謂語動詞:
最常考:不定式 表示主動、將來,通常愛做后置定語;
其次考:分詞 現在分詞表示主動進行,過去分詞表示被動完成。通常做狀語。
再次考:動名詞 動詞名詞化,做主語和賓語。
3. 時態:
按出題可能性大小依次為:將來完成時,過去完成時,現在完成進行時,現在完成時,一般現在時。
4. 語態:
肯定考被動。
作文:(肯定是議論文、最有沖刺性)
什么樣的英雄是你心目中的英雄(有可能出)
適合才是找工作的關鍵(有可能出)
學校點名有沒有必要
談一下你對atm機的看法(有可能出)
防盜門窗有沒有用
你對打折的看法
演講稿的開頭致歡迎詞
獨生子女的利弊
你怎么看待電視購物,電子購物
網絡的利弊 ----------------------------(最有可能!)閱讀:
必考體裁:
1。美國文化生活實文
提示:1。friend,關于友誼;2。家庭,父母,養父母;3。“死亡”話題,安樂死;4。美國經濟問題
2。教育學
提示:1。imitation(模仿);2。中美教育差別;3。選專業,找工作
3。自然學科
提示:讀什么選什么。*只要有 all 或only 的選項就排除。
出題原則:
1. 轉折原則:出現but、however肯定出題;
2. 原因原則:出現because、reason、witse(由于)、be dule to(由于)肯定出題;
3. 比較原則:在讀文章時,遇到比較原則的特征詞做出標記,以便定位;
題干當中出現特征詞,回原文定位時,必須有相同或類似的說法出現;
要是選項中出現了特征詞,如果要選,原文中必須有出處,但通常無出處,所以常排除。
特征詞:best、first、last、no、all、none、primally、best、always、never、main、more?than?.as?.as?.、only、sole、unique
4.例證原則:例子本身不重,所支持的觀點、論斷最重要。
做題技巧:
------細節題:
1. 文章議論順序和出題順序一致;
2. 從題干中尋找典型的特征詞回原文中定位;
常用定位詞:時間,地點,人名,特征名詞及其定語
3. 從選項當中尋找一個與所定位內容意思最接近的作為正確答案。
排除法:1。分清有無,2。分清強弱,3。分清主次,4。分清正反,5。分清寬窄,6。分清全偏。* **選項中有以下幾個詞則排除:totally, compalatly, unlimitely.------態度題:
永遠不可能為答案的詞:indifrent(漠不關心的),subjuct(主觀的)
常選詞:
樂觀、贊揚:positive(支持),accurate,optimistic(樂觀的)
中立: objective(客觀的)在自然科學文章中常作正確選項
neutral(中立的)在自然科學文章中常作正確選項
悲觀、批評:critical(批評的),nejative,pessimistic(悲觀的)
出處:1。主題句,2。例證的傾向性,3,修飾語的感情色彩
------topic題(1個):
1. 文章的topic(議論對象、說明對象)必須存在于正確答案當中;
在文章中尋找topic:從前不從后,從多不從少。
2. 排除:文章所談的細節內容和段落內容永遠不可能成為答案;
3. 主題句的出處:文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。
------infer題(1—2個):
1. 基本原則:從選項當中尋找一個與原文意思最相近的作為正確答案;
2. 從選項下手,運用排除法。
------詞匯和指代合在一起(出一題):
1. 指代:在文章中找到位置往前找,離它最近的名詞、詞組和句子;
2. 詞匯:從該詞附近的定語從句、同位語、同位語從句、逗號和破折號中間的插入語并列結構去猜詞。
(一)聽力題型分析
i、a節(section a)
1、問題類型
a節每組對話一般是在一男一女之間進行的一問一答。問題一般由先講話的人提出。題目均以問句形式出現,其中多數是特殊疑問句。這些問題涉及的內容大致歸納如下:
a、多用來問以下內容:
1)問“是什么、要什么、討論什么、什么種類”等,如:
what is the man''s answer?
what does the woman want for lunch?
what are they talking about?
what kind of books does the man want to borrow?
2)問“做什么”,如:
what does the woman tell the man to do first?
what are the speakers doing now?
what will happen if john fails the exam?
3)問“什么含義”,如:
what does the man mean(imply)?
what does the woman''s answer suggest?
4)問“從對話中能獲得什么信息或結論”,如:
what can we learn from the conversation?
what can be concluded from this conversation?
5)問“對某人或某事有什么看法”,如:
what does the man think of miss brown?
what does the woman think of the plan?
b、a節中用提出的問題主要問“對話可能是在什么場所發生的”,即:
where does this conversation most probably take place?
where does this conversation most likely occur?
where are the man and woman?
c、可能問以下幾個方面的情況:
1)問鐘點(可用替換),如:
man(m): what time did yesterday''s football match start?
woman(w): it was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.question(q): when did the game finally start?
2)問在哪個星期或星期幾(后者可用替換),如:
w: i thought to go to town now.i have some shopping to do.m: don''t spend too much, i won''t get paid until next week.q: when will he be paid?
3)問日期,如:
when will the winter vacation begin?
d、用提問的問題可以問原因,也可以問目的,如:
why is the man late?
why did the man repair the car by himself?
e、可能問對話者某一方的身份、對話人之間的關系或對話中涉及到的其他人的情況,如: w: may i help you ,sir?
m: i hope so.it''s my watch.i brought it in to be repaired, but i''ve lost the
receipt.q: who is the man?
f、主要針對以下內容提問:
1)問做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具,如:
how did the teacher usually begin his class?
how does the man usually go to work?
2)問“對某事的感受如何”,如:
how does the man feel about the movie?
how do you like the film?
g、問“多少”,屬于涉及數字的題,可能有以下幾種形式:
how many persons...?
how many dozens of...does...want?
how much does...?
how old is...?
how long does it take...to...?
a節的問句根據疑問詞劃分,大致可以歸為以上七類。a節中偶爾也有個別一般疑問句。但也可能出現其它類型的問句,(如以whom,whose,which提問),或針對以上未歸納的內容進行提問。
(二)2、對話內容分類
若按對話內容分類,則可分為以下幾種類型:
a、時間類:包括直接型和計算型。如:
w: your library books are due on december 13th.if you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.m: thank you very much.i only need them for a few days.q: when must the man return his books to the library?
b、數字類:包括直接型和計算型。如:
w: do you live in a college dormitory?
m: yes, i do.it''s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.q: how many people share the suite now?
c、地點類:包括直接型和含蓄型。如:
m: i need to cash this check?
w: will you step right over to the teller''s window, please?
q: where is the conversation most probably taking place?
d、否定類:
此類對話既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定詞,也有 but,although等轉折詞,或由would rather,too...to結構及虛擬語氣等表達。因此,對于后者要特別加以注意。如:
m: ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me?
w: i wish i could help you.i went shopping yesterday.now i have only two dollars till the end of the week.q: will the man borrow any money from the woman?
此題的答案肯定是no。聽這段話時要抓住i wish i could help you.這一關鍵話語。這句話雖然從表面上看是
肯定式,但卻隱含著i''m sorry i can''t help you.的意思。
e、人物類:
包括人物關系、人物身份兩類。此類對話提供一個情節,能反映所涉及的人的關系或身份。如: m: good evening, madam.there is a table for two over there.this way, please.w: thank you.could i see the menu, please?
q: what''s the relationship between the man and woman?
a)husband and wife.b)waiter and customer.c)salesman and customer.d)host and guest.f、活動類:
這一類談話內容可涉及上課、娛樂、工作、日常生活等各種
情況。如:
w: are you going to new york next weekend?
m: yes, i''m going to look up bill while i''m there.q: what''s the man going to do?
這類對話中往往先后出現幾種情況,要注意聽問句是什么,然后再作出選擇。
(三)3、幾種常見的解題方法
a節中的對話雖然簡短,但多數情況下,往往不能從聽到的內容中找到與選擇項內容完全相同的部分,即對話中一般沒有現成的答案。因此,在聽的時候要注意抓住選擇項的同義或反義詞(組)用辨別法答題(解活動類多用此方法),或根據對話內容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。用這種方法答題,類型不僅僅限于諸如“what does the man mean?”這樣的題目,其它如含蓄人物類、人物身份類、含蓄地點類、否定類題目也與此類似。如:
w: how do you like the play you saw last night?
m: well, i should have stayed at home.q: what does the man think of the play?
a)it is exciting.b)it is boring.c)he didn''t see the play.d)he like it very much.對話中“i should have stayed at home.”(我真該待在家里),這句話已婉轉地表明他不喜歡這出戲,而對沒有待在家里表示遺憾、后悔(should have done something這種結構可用來表示“對應該發生而實際上沒有發生的事情表示遺憾、后悔或譴責)。能使他產生此感想的原因自然是”the play is boring.“(演出令人厭煩),因而b是正確的答案。否定類題目多含有虛擬語氣、語氣否定、暗示比喻、強化意見等形式。這一節屬于此數字類題目的對話中,多出現兩處,甚至三、四處數字或時間,因此,除了用辨別方法外,有時必須用計算方法才能得出正確答案.(四)四六級英語寫作類型
1. 體裁:說明文,議論文 最近幾年的四六級作文的體裁以說明文和議論文為主。說明文如:how to succeed in a job interview(2000,12,四級), how i finance my college education(2000,1 四級), practice makes perfect,haste makes waste(97,1 六級)議論文如:don''t hesitate to say ”no“(99,1 四級和六級), can money buy happiness(95,1 四級), is a test of spoken english necessary?(2000,6 四級)reading selectively or extensively?(99,6六級),do ”lucky numbers“ really bring good luck?(98,6 四級和六級)
2.段落類型:比較/對比,列舉,程序等 說明和議論文章所采用的文章擴展模式一般以比較/對照,舉例、列舉、因果、程序等者居多。如:don''t hesitate to say ”no“, reading selectively or extensively等很多四六級寫作中都涉及到兩種觀點的對比,整體的段落類型為對照型。practice makes perfect, harmfulness of
fake commodities等可采用因果行的段落結構模式,也可以采用舉例說明的結構模式。advantages of a job interview則應采用列舉的段落擴展模式。
3. 出題方式:提綱式寫作,中文提綱,一般為三句或兩句。如:99年1月份考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: don''t hesitate to say ”no“.you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.別人請求幫助時,在什么情況下我們會說“不”。2.為什么有些人在該說“不”的時候不說“不”。3.該說“不”時不說“不”的壞處。
再如:98年一月分考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: harmfulness of fake commodities.you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什么會有這種情況2.舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人、社會等的危害。
(五)論文類的常考思路:
1.題目難擬 2.資料難查 3.打字(機房總被占用)
涉及詞匯:
打字: laptop 手提電腦 壞了
打印: type it out -->printer/computer
摘要: do some research -->labrary
【research】 1.論文 2.報紙 3.文件 4.紙張
考點詞匯:
演講:(speech,address,report)-->考點:1.提問難 2.應穿著正式的衣服(對話涉及)3.感到緊張(feeling nervous)
圖書管題目常考思路:
1.想借的書借不到 2.想還的書(已經過期)
考點詞匯:
關于費用:fare 交通費 rent 租金 fee 雜費 utilities 水電費 postage 郵資 tuition 學費tuition feee 學雜費
罰款:fine
餐廳問題的常考思路:
校內食堂 cafeteria
關于make a reseration/book/reserve a table/menu/order/
餐廳:fansy restanrant(豪華的)/meal ticket(飯票)/plate(盤子)/helpings(一人一份)
機場內題目常考思路:
1.票已經賣完 2.接人晚點 3.送人傷感
考點詞匯:
board 登機
airplane/direct flight/first class(頭等艙)/economy class(經濟艙)/seat belt/take over/land(降落)/ wing(1.附樓 2.機翼)/terminal 1.終端 2.終點站 3.后機廳
交通類題目常考思路:
交通阻塞:1.traffic jam 2.back up
罰款(fine):1.break rules 2.go speeding
交通晚點:1.behind schedule = delay 2.on schedule = on time
打電話場景考試思路:
1.要約會的人約不到 2.約會去不了 3.電話打不通或者打錯電話
考點詞匯:
coin:wrong out of coins ->cut off(被動)->hang up(主動)->hook(掛鉤)->receiver(話筒)-> slot(硬幣投幣口)
過程: look up/pick up/drop coin in the slot/dial
醫院類的題目思路:
1.醫生難找 2.病情如何 getting better/worse 3.有病耽誤 miss the class {reason:1.get ill
2.over sleep 3.traffic jam
第五篇:英語四級資料英語四級資料-新東方的筆記資料
課后學習網www.tmdps.cn 英語四級資料:新東方的筆記資料
在閱讀題和詞匯語法題中,有這幾個詞的選項肯定是答案:beyond, entitle, availabel, bargain, lest, except for
在“自然科學”閱讀中,有這幾個詞的選項肯定要排除:all, only, totally, compalatly, unlimiely.在“態度題”中,有這兩個詞的選項要排除:indiffrent(漠不關心的),subject(主觀的)
作文題目強烈推薦-----“網絡的利弊”
詞匯:(很有沖刺性)
come go keep hold get put make turn bring look call ask stand lay run live
以上詞跟介詞搭配必考幾道!
重點記憶詞匯---------------(括號內注明的是這次要考的意思)
bargain(見了就選)except for(見了就選)offer(錄取通知書)effects(個人財物)gap(不足、差距)mark(污點、做標記)mind(照料、看管)moment(考了8次)present(拿出)inquire deliberate advisable accuse anything but but for consume with extensive at intervals origin preferable to procedure profitable property pace point range refuse refer to relief religion relatively release rise single sole spoil stick suit surprise urgent vary tense tolerant trace vacant weaken wear off
需要辨析的:
1.call off(取消、放棄)和 call up(召集、喚起)2.adapt to 和 adopt
3.arise 和 arouse 4.count on = rely on 5.cope with = deal with
6.no doubt 和 in doubt 7.employee 和 employer 8.general 和 generous
9.instant 和 constant 10.lie(及物)和 lay(不及物)11.regulate 和 regular
12.supply(有目的提供)和 offer(無目的提供)
語法:(分值小)
1. 虛擬語氣:
表示建議的幾個詞:wish, would rather, had rather;
it is time that + 過去式;
it is high time that + 過去式;
but for、lest、as if、as though、would、should、could、might +動詞原型。
2. 非謂語動詞:
最常考:不定式 表示主動、將來,通常愛做后置定語;
其次考:分詞 現在分詞表示主動進行,過去分詞表示被動完成。通常做狀語。
再次考:動名詞 動詞名詞化,做主語和賓語。
3. 時態:
按出題可能性大小依次為:將來完成時,過去完成時,現在完成進行時,現在完成時,一般現在時。
4. 語態:
肯定考被動。
作文:(肯定是議論文、最有沖刺性)
什么樣的英雄是你心目中的英雄(有可能出)
適合才是找工作的關鍵(有可能出)
學校點名有沒有必要
談一下你對atm機的看法(有可能出)
防盜門窗有沒有用
你對打折的看法
演講稿的開頭致歡迎詞
獨生子女的利弊
課后學習網www.tmdps.cn
你怎么看待電視購物,電子購物
網絡的利弊 ----------------------------(最有可能!)
閱讀:
必考體裁:
1。美國文化生活實文
提示:1。friend,關于友誼;2。家庭,父母,養父母;3。“死亡”話題,安樂死;4。美國經濟問題
2。教育學
提示:1。imitation(模仿);2。中美教育差別;3。選專業,找工作
3。自然學科
提示:讀什么選什么。*只要有 all 或only 的選項就排除。
出題原則:
1. 轉折原則:出現but、however肯定出題;
2. 原因原則:出現because、reason、witse(由于)、be dule to(由于)肯定出題;
3. 比較原則:在讀文章時,遇到比較原則的特征詞做出標記,以便定位;
題干當中出現特征詞,回原文定位時,必須有相同或類似的說法出現;
要是選項中出現了特征詞,如果要選,原文中必須有出處,但通常無出處,所以常排除。
特征詞:best、first、last、no、all、none、primally、best、always、never、main、more?than?.as?.as?.、only、sole、unique
4.例證原則:例子本身不重,所支持的觀點、論斷最重要。做題技巧:
------細節題:
1. 文章議論順序和出題順序一致;
2. 從題干中尋找典型的特征詞回原文中定位;
常用定位詞:時間,地點,人名,特征名詞及其定語
3. 從選項當中尋找一個與所定位內容意思最接近的作為正確答案。
排除法:1。分清有無,2。分清強弱,3。分清主次,4。分清正反,5。分清寬窄,6。分清全偏。
* **選項中有以下幾個詞則排除:totally, compalatly, unlimitely.------態度題:
永遠不可能為答案的詞:indifrent(漠不關心的),subjuct(主觀的)
常選詞:
樂觀、贊揚:positive(支持),accurate,optimistic(樂觀的)
中立: objective(客觀的)在自然科學文章中常作正確選項
neutral(中立的)在自然科學文章中常作正確選項
悲觀、批評:critical(批評的),nejative,pessimistic(悲觀的)
出處:1。主題句,2。例證的傾向性,3,修飾語的感情色彩
------topic題(1個):
1. 文章的topic(議論對象、說明對象)必須存在于正確答案當中;
在文章中尋找topic:從前不從后,從多不從少。
2. 排除:文章所談的細節內容和段落內容永遠不可能成為答案;
3. 主題句的出處:文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。
------infer題(1—2個):
1. 基本原則:從選項當中尋找一個與原文意思最相近的作為正確答案;
2. 從選項下手,運用排除法。
------詞匯和指代合在一起(出一題):
課后學習網www.tmdps.cn
1. 指代:在文章中找到位置往前找,離它最近的名詞、詞組和句子;
2. 詞匯:從該詞附近的定語從句、同位語、同位語從句、逗號和破折號中間的插入語并列結構去猜詞。
(一)聽力題型分析 i、a節(section a)1、問題類型
a節每組對話一般是在一男一女之間進行的一問一答。問題一般由先講話的人提出。題目均以問句形式出現,其中多數是特殊疑問句。這些問題涉及的內容大致歸納如下: a、多用來問以下內容:
1)問“是什么、要什么、討論什么、什么種類”等,如: what is the man''s answer? what does the woman want for lunch? what are they talking about? what kind of books does the man want to borrow? 2)問“做什么”,如:
what does the woman tell the man to do first? what are the speakers doing now? what will happen if john fails the exam? 3)問“什么含義”,如:
what does the man mean(imply)? what does the woman''s answer suggest? 4)問“從對話中能獲得什么信息或結論”,如: what can we learn from the conversation? what can be concluded from this conversation? 5)問“對某人或某事有什么看法”,如: what does the man think of miss brown? what does the woman think of the plan? b、a節中用提出的問題主要問“對話可能是在什么場所發生的”,即: where does this conversation most probably take place? where does this conversation most likely occur? where are the man and woman? c、可能問以下幾個方面的情況: 1)問鐘點(可用替換),如:
man(m): what time did yesterday''s football match start? woman(w): it was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.question(q): when did the game finally start? 2)問在哪個星期或星期幾(后者可用替換),如: w: i thought to go to town now.i have some shopping to do.m: don''t spend too much, i won''t get paid until next week.q: when will he be paid? 3)問日期,如:
when will the winter vacation begin? d、用提問的問題可以問原因,也可以問目的,如: why is the man late?
課后學習網www.tmdps.cn why did the man repair the car by himself? e、可能問對話者某一方的身份、對話人之間的關系或對話中涉及到的其他人的情況,如: w: may i help you ,sir? m: i hope so.it''s my watch.i brought it in to be repaired, but i''ve lost the receipt.q: who is the man? f、主要針對以下內容提問:
1)問做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具,如: how did the teacher usually begin his class? how does the man usually go to work? 2)問“對某事的感受如何”,如: how does the man feel about the movie? how do you like the film? g、問“多少”,屬于涉及數字的題,可能有以下幾種形式: how many persons...? how many dozens of...does...want? how much does...? how old is...? how long does it take...to...? a節的問句根據疑問詞劃分,大致可以歸為以上七類。a節中偶爾也有個別一般疑問句。但也可能出現其它類型的問句,(如以whom,whose,which提問),或針對以上未歸納的內容進行提問。
(二)2、對話內容分類
若按對話內容分類,則可分為以下幾種類型: a、時間類:包括直接型和計算型。如:
w: your library books are due on december 13th.if you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.m: thank you very much.i only need them for a few days.q: when must the man return his books to the library? b、數字類:包括直接型和計算型。如: w: do you live in a college dormitory? m: yes, i do.it''s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.q: how many people share the suite now? c、地點類:包括直接型和含蓄型。如: m: i need to cash this check? w: will you step right over to the teller''s window, please? q: where is the conversation most probably taking place? d、否定類:
此類對話既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定詞,也有 but,although等轉折詞,或由would rather,too...to結構及虛擬語氣等表達。因此,對于后者要特別加以注意。如: m: ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me? w: i wish i could help you.i went shopping yesterday.now i have only two dollars till the end of the week.q: will the man borrow any money from the woman? 此題的答案肯定是no。聽這段話時要抓住i wish i could help you.這一關鍵話語。這句話雖然從表面上看是肯定式,但卻隱含著i''m sorry i can''t help you.的意思。
課后學習網www.tmdps.cn e、人物類:
包括人物關系、人物身份兩類。此類對話提供一個情節,能反映所涉及的人的關系或身份。如: m: good evening, madam.there is a table for two over there.this way, please.w: thank you.could i see the menu, please? q: what''s the relationship between the man and woman? a)husband and wife.b)waiter and customer.c)salesman and customer.d)host and guest.f、活動類:
這一類談話內容可涉及上課、娛樂、工作、日常生活等各種
情況。如:
w: are you going to new york next weekend? m: yes, i''m going to look up bill while i''m there.q: what''s the man going to do? 這類對話中往往先后出現幾種情況,要注意聽問句是什么,然后再作出選擇。
(三)3、幾種常見的解題方法
a節中的對話雖然簡短,但多數情況下,往往不能從聽到的內容中找到與選擇項內容完全相同的部分,即對話中一般沒有現成的答案。因此,在聽的時候要注意抓住選擇項的同義或反義詞(組)用辨別法答題(解活動類多用此方法),或根據對話內容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。用這種方法答題,類型不僅僅限于諸如“what does the man mean?”這樣的題目,其它如含蓄人物類、人物身份類、含蓄地點類、否定類題目也與此類似。如:
w: how do you like the play you saw last night? m: well, i should have stayed at home.q: what does the man think of the play? a)it is exciting.b)it is boring.c)he didn''t see the play.d)he like it very much.對話中“i should have stayed at home.”(我真該待在家里),這句話已婉轉地表明他不喜歡這出戲,而對沒有待在家里表示遺憾、后悔(should have done something這種結構可用來表示“對應該發生而實際上沒有發生的事情表示遺憾、后悔或譴責)。能使他產生此感想的原因自然是”the play is boring.“(演出令人厭煩),因而b是正確的答案。否定類題目多含有虛擬語氣、語氣否定、暗示比喻、強化意見等形式。這一節屬于此數字類題目的對話中,多出現兩處,甚至三、四處數字或時間,因此,除了用辨別方法外,有時必須用計算方法才能得出正確答案.(四)四六級英語寫作類型
1. 體裁:說明文,議論文 最近幾年的四六級作文的體裁以說明文和議論文為主。說明文如:how to succeed in a job interview(2000,12,四級), how i finance my college education(2000,1 四級), practice makes perfect,haste makes waste(97,1 六級)議論文如:don''t hesitate to say ”no“(99,1 四級和六級), can money buy happiness(95,1 四級), is a test of spoken english necessary?(2000,6 四級)reading selectively or extensively?(99,6六級),do ”lucky numbers“ really bring good luck?(98,6 四級和六級)
2.段落類型:比較/對比,列舉,程序等 說明和議論文章所采用的文章擴展模式一般以比較/對照,舉例、列舉、因果、程序等者居多。如:don''t hesitate to say ”no“, reading selectively or extensively等很多四六級寫作中都涉及到兩種觀點的對比,整體的段落類型為對照型。practice makes perfect, harmfulness of fake commodities等可采用因果行的段落結構模式,也可以采用舉例說明的結構模式。advantages of a job interview則應采用列舉的段落擴展模式。
3. 出題方式:提綱式寫作,中文提綱,一般為三句或兩句。如:99年1月份考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: don''t hesitate to say ”no“.you
課后學習網www.tmdps.cn should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.別人請求幫助時,在什么情況下我們會說“不”。2.為什么有些人在該說“不”的時候不說“不”。3.該說“不”時不說“不”的壞處。
再如:98年一月分考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: harmfulness of fake commodities.you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什么會有這種情況2.舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人、社會等的危害。
(五)論文類的常考思路: 1.題目難擬 2.資料難查 3.打字(機房總被占用)涉及詞匯: 打字: laptop 手提電腦 壞了
打印: type it out -->printer/computer 摘要: do some research -->labrary 【research】 1.論文 2.報紙 3.文件 4.紙張
考點詞匯: 演講:(speech,address,report)-->考點:1.提問難 2.應穿著正式的衣服(對話涉及)3.感到緊張(feeling nervous)
圖書管題目常考思路: 1.想借的書借不到 2.想還的書(已經過期)考點詞匯: 關于費用:fare 交通費 rent 租金 fee 雜費 utilities 水電費 postage 郵資 tuition 學費
tuition feee 學雜費 罰款:fine
餐廳問題的常考思路: 校內食堂 cafeteria
關于make a reseration/book/reserve a table/menu/order/ 餐廳:fansy restanrant(豪華的)/meal ticket(飯票)/plate(盤子)/helpings(一人一份)
機場內題目常考思路: 1.票已經賣完 2.接人晚點 3.送人傷感 考點詞匯: board 登機
airplane/direct flight/first class(頭等艙)/economy class(經濟艙)/seat belt/take over/land(降落)/ wing(1.附樓 2.機翼)/terminal 1.終端 2.終點站 3.后機廳
交通類題目常考思路: 交通阻塞:1.traffic jam 2.back up 罰款(fine):1.break rules 2.go speeding 交通晚點:1.behind schedule = delay 2.on schedule = on time
課后學習網www.tmdps.cn 打電話場景考試思路: 1.要約會的人約不到 2.約會去不了 3.電話打不通或者打錯電話 考點詞匯: coin:wrong out of coins ->cut off(被動)->hang up(主動)->hook(掛鉤)->receiver(話筒)-> slot(硬幣投幣口)過程: look up/pick up/drop coin in the slot/dial
醫院類的題目思路: 1.醫生難找 2.病情如何 getting better/worse 3.有病耽誤 miss the class {reason:1.get ill 2.over sleep 3.traffic jam