第一篇：插入語用法歸納

插入語用法歸納

插入語用法很多,在句子中的位置比較靈活,在學習中應當認真去體會。大體而言,插入語可以分為以下幾類: 1.用簡短的句子結構作插入語。這類短語有:I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I'm afraid, I'm sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what's more等等,它們可以置于句中或句尾。如: I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.This diet, I think, will do good to your health.It won't be raining long, I hope.You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed.2.副詞或副詞短語用作插入語,這類插入語一般放在句首或句尾。如: Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him too.You'll be able to pass the coming exam, surely.Luckily for him, he didn't hurt in the accident.Honestly, I don't need it at the moment.3.介詞或介詞短語作插入語,這類插入語一般放在句首,有時也可放在句中。如: Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in other words, I'm an only child.By the way, Bob sends his best wishes.On the other hand, I didn't know you were there.In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.4.分詞短語作插入語。如: Judging from your accent, you must be from England.Generally speaking, he is the best student in our class.Compared with China, the USA is smaller.5.不定式短語作插入語。如: To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark.To tell you the truth, I don't want to see her.To be sure, Jim is a faster skater, but he is not good at doing figures.To conclude, it was a great success.在日常交際用語和書面表達中，插入語頻頻出現。英語中的插入語（Parenthesis）是插在句子中的一個詞，短語或從句，通常被逗號、破折號或句子的其他部分隔開，它與句子的其他部分之間沒有語法上的關系，因此，有的語法學家將其歸為獨立成分。

插入語在句中通常是對一句話的一些附加解釋，說明或總結；有時表示說話者的態度和看法；有時起強調的作用；有時是為了引起對方的注意；還可以起轉移話題或說明事由的作用；也可以承上啟下，使句子與前面的語句銜接的更緊密一些。

插入語大致可分為以下10種類型：

1.形容詞或形容詞短語作插入語

如：worst still, sure enough, strange, most important of all等。

Strange, there is nobody in the classroom.很奇怪，教室里沒人。

2.副詞或副詞短語作插入語

如：personally, honestly, fortunately, luckily, for us, though, besides, exactly, surely, frankly, still otherwise 等。

Luckily for you, I happen to have the key.你很運氣，我正好帶了鑰匙。

3.介詞短語作插入語

如：of course, in short, as a matter of fact, by the way, on the other hand, in my opinion, in conclusion等。

In short, we should not stop halfway.簡言之，我們不能半途而廢。

As a result, they suffered heavy losses.結果，他們受到了嚴重損失。

On the contrary, we should strengthen our ties with them.相反，我們還應加強和他們的聯系。

4.現在分詞短語作插入語

如：generally speaking, judging from/ by …, talking of…, considering…等。

Considering his age, he did very well.從年齡考慮，他干得挺不錯。

Frankly speaking, I don’t like the job.坦率地說，我不喜歡這份工作。

Talking of singing, will you go to the concert with me tonight?

說到唱歌，你今晚愿意和我一塊去音樂會嗎？

5.過去分詞短語作插入語

Painted white, we like the house better.漆成白色，我們更喜歡這房子。

注意：之所以稱它為插入語，是由于這種過去分詞是獨立的，沒有邏輯主語。

6.動詞不定式

如：to be sure, to be frank（坦率地說），to tell you the truth（說實話），so to speak（可以說）等。

To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.坦率地說，我不太同意你的意見。

That’s a wonderful idea, to be sure.這個主意好極了，的確。

To tell you the truth, I am not very interested in going to the show.說實在的，我不太想去看演出。

7.代詞詞組

如：all the same（盡管如此），all told（總共），all in all（總的來說）等。

His crew was reduced to twenty-four all told.他的船員減少到總共二十四人。

All in all, her condition is greatly improved.總的來說，她的情況有很大好轉。

8.從句

如：if so / not / any, if I may say so, if you don’t mind, as you know, as you say 等。

If I may say so, we know nothing about it.正如我所說的，我們對它一無所知。

This man, as you know, is good for nothing.正如你所說的，這個人是個廢物。

9.句子

如：I say /hear, I think /hope / believe, you know / see, what’s more, that is（to say）, I’m afraid, do you think / suppose等。

It’s a great mistake, I think, not to accept their proposal.我看，不接受他們的建議是個大錯誤。

The temple disappeared, no one remembers when.誰也不記得什么時候這座廟就沒有了。

The old man, it is said, was an artist but people hardly know anything about this side of his life.據說，這位老人曾是個藝術家，可是人們對他這方面的生活幾乎一無所知。

10.用標點符號引導插入語

如：He was（strange as it seems）an excellent sportsman.他（盡管還顯得令人不解）是個出色的運動員。

He was －to me at least, if not to you－a figure that was worth having pity on.至少我覺得如此，即使你不這樣認為，他是一個值得同情的人。

插入語

http://www.tmdps.cn 2004/12/15 15:02 新浪教育

英語句子中(尤其在口語中)常插入一些單詞、短語或者句子，用來補充某些含義。語法上稱它們為“插入語”。插入語在句中起到解釋、說明等作用，有時表達說話人一種看法。很多插入語對句子本身的影響并不大，如果去掉它，我們仍然清楚句子所表達的意思。然而有些插入語是句子不可缺少的成分，如果去掉句子的意思就不完整，如for example, in other words等。

1.插入語的類型

(1)單詞(多是副詞)

單詞作插入語時位置比較隨便，我們常見的多位于句末，它們也可以位于句中或句首。常見的作插入語的單詞有though, however, therefore, personally, luckily ,fortunately, obviously等。有些副詞可以表示上下文的邏輯關系，起到連接的作用(雖然本身不是連詞)，這一類副詞常用逗號把它與句子隔開。有些副詞表達說話人的看法或觀點，它們多位于句首。

①I had thought I could not pass the exam.I passed, though.我原以為我通過不了這次考試，我還是通過了。

②She had seen the picture.However, she never told it to anyone.她曾見過那幅畫。然而，她從未向其他人提及。

③Luckily, his father’s second wife was kind to him.幸運的是，他父親的第二任妻子對他很好。

(2)短語

現在分詞短語、不定式短語、介詞短語都可以作插入語，它們在句中起到補充說明的作用。

常見的作插入語的短語有，for example, by the way, in some way, judging from, to tell you the truth, so far, on the contrary, on wonder, chances(are that)，worse still, to start with等。

①By the way, how can I find you? 順便問一句，我如何找到你？

②What on earth do you want to say ? 你到底想說什么？

③To tell you the truth, I have found out that he stole the car.說實話，我已經弄清他偷了那輛車。

(3)句子

我們常見的作插入語的句子有，do you think, I believe, do you know, what’s more, let’s say, that is to say,它們多位于句末，來表達客氣或征詢別人的看法。也可以表示補充。表示疑問的插入語也可以位于句中或句末。

①He is an honest man, I believe.我相信，他是個誠實人

②As far as I know, Jack isn’t clever.據我所知，杰克并不聰明。

③How soon will he be ready, do you expect ? 你想一下，他多長時間能準備好？

2.有些復雜的特殊疑問句，也可認為包含有“插入語”。這種疑問句(也稱為“混合疑問句”或“連鎖疑問句”)，常用來征詢某一疑問點的看法、判斷、認識、猜度或請求。口語中出現的頻率極高。

①When do you expect he will come back ? 你想他會什么時候回來？

②Who do you guess has taken away the book ? 你猜是誰拿走了那本書？

3.防止句中的插入語干擾我們對句子結構的掌握及對句子意義的理解。

由于插入語的位置比較隨便，在許多情況下它可以位于句中，因此它對我們考生的干擾是比較大的。

直擊高考

1.John plays football _______ ,if not better than, David.(MET1994)

A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as

2.We all write ____, even when there’s not much to say.(MET1994)

A.now and then B.by and by C.step by step D.more or less

3._____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.(2004北京春)

A.As long asB.As far as C.Just as D.Even if

4.Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard.___ you failed.[NMET’99]

A.In the end B.After all C.In other words D.At the same time

5.John plays football _______ ,if not better than, David.(MET1994)

A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as

答案與分析

1.A此題我們極易錯選A。分析本句的結構我們可以看出，if not better than 在這里是插入語。如果我們把它抽出(前面我們講過有些插入語完全可以去掉而不影響句子的意思，有的僅起到補充的作用),我們就很清楚地看到答案是B。A 從本空前后的逗號看，本題考查插入語的用法。四個選項中作插入語的是A 和D。再根據空后的even when...我們不難選出答案A。

3.B as far as I can see是一個插入語，意思是“據我所看到的”。

4.C四個介詞短語在此都可以作插入語。我們要對它們進行意義辨析。In other words的意思是“換句話說”；In the end的意思是“終于”；After all的意思是“畢竟”；At the same time的意思是“同時”，“可是”。

5.B此題我們極易錯選A。分析本句的結構我們可以看出，if not better than 在這里是插入語。如果我們把它抽出(前面我們講過有些插入語完全可以去掉而不影響句子的意思，有的僅起到補充的作用),我們就很清楚地看到答案是B。

專項訓練

1.Hold the ladder for me ─ that’s____.A.all B.it C.all right D.complete

2.─___, can you tell me how I can get to the zoo ?

─I’m sorry.I’m a stranger here myself.Perhaps this lady can help you.A.I’m sorry B.Hello C.Excuse me D.Why

3.─Would you like a cup of tea ?

─Yes, please do.____, I’m rather thirsty.A.To tell you the truth B.Telling you the truth

C.Tell you the truth D.To be told the truth

4.─Have you nearly finished?

─___, we have just begun.A.Above all B.After all C.On the contrary D.On the other hand

5.The young woman has studied in England for two years and she will come back___.A.by and by B.one by one C.after a while D.long before

6.Mr Li looked as I remembered, ____he was very thin.A.except for B.except that C.except D.besides

7.Many great men have risen from poverty, Lincoln and Edison, ____.A.like that B.as though C.for example D.such as

8.─___is the best football player in your city?

─Jerry.A.Do you think who B.Do you think whom

C.Who do you think D.Whom do you think

9.___, Dick and Mary found themselves on a lonely island.A.They were surprised B.It was surprising

C.It was a surprise D.To their surprise

10.____we like the idea ____not, we’ll have to go with him.A.Either, or B.Neither, nor C.Whether, or D.If, or

11.____is well known, Taiwan is part of China.A.As B.That C.Which D.It

12.Good ways of doing things means less time and pain, and ___, it is necessary for us to find time.A.otherwise B.however C.still D.therefore

13.Albert did not take your book.____,he was not in the room.A.All of a sudden B.As a matter of fact

C.Once in a while D.To his surprise

14.─What___do you want?

─I don’t know myself.A.in earth B.in the earth C.on earth D.on the earth

15.Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard ─____,you failed.A.in the end B.after all C.in other words D.at the same time

16.His handwriting is as good as, ____, his brother’s.A.if not better B.if not better than C.if it is better D.if better than

17.There was a big fire in the building last night.___, all the people were able to escape.A.Fortunate B.Fortunately C.To be fortunate D.Above all

18.It was raining heavily.____, it was getting dark, so we lost our way and stayed in the cave for the whole night.A.Above all B.That is C.What’s more D.In other words

19.I didn’t go to his party last night.____, I didn’t want to see him at all.A.To tell you the truth B.Telling you the truth

C.That’s to say D.Let’s say

20.____, boys are stronger than girls.A.To speak generally B.Generally to speak

C.Generally speaking D.Generally spoken

答案與分析

1.B 本題我們極易錯選 A或C。That’s all意思是“就這些”，表示講話或文章的結束，而That’s all right意思是“行、可以、沒關系”。That’s it 為一固定搭配，意思是“這正是所需要的。”

2.C 表示“尋求別人幫忙”時用Excuse me。

3.A to tell you the truth為固定搭配，意思是“說實話”，為插入話，不與句子主語形成邏輯關系。

4.C 本題上文說“你們差不多快做完了吧？”下文說“恰好相反，我們才剛剛開始哩。”

5.A by and by為固定搭配，相當于soon,意思是“不久”。one by one 意思是“一個接一個地”。after a while過去一會兒。long before很久以前，因此 B,C,D都不合題意。

6.B except that后跟從句，而 except for和besides后跟名詞或動名詞短語。

7.C 在這四個選項中只有for example可以用作插入語，而且位置也比較靈活。D有較大干擾性。但such as 后必須跟賓語。

8.C 本題主要部分為who is the best football player in your city。插入語為do you think.9.D 插入語to one’s surprise的意思是“令某人吃驚的是”，其他答案句子結構錯誤。

10.C 插入語whether...or...意思是“不管……”。

11.A 插入語 As is well known為定語從句，意思是“眾所周知”。

12.D 插入語therefore在此表達前后的因果關系。

13.B as a matter of fact意思是“事實上”。

14.C 插入語on earth的意思是“究竟、到底”，用于疑問句或否定句中。

15.C 插入語in other words意思是“換句話說”，是對前文的解釋。

16.B 本句話的意思是“若是他的書法不比他哥哥的好的話，起碼跟他哥哥的一樣好”。插入語if not better than在句中起到連詞的作用。

17.B fortunately是一句評述性語言，表達說話人的看法。

18.C what’s more意思是“更有甚者”，在本句中，說話人強調迷路的原因是It was raining heavily和It was getting dark。

19.A 插入語to tell you the truth意思是“說實話”。

20.C 插入語general speaking意思是“一般來說”，指常規。

插入語知多少

作者:佚名

來源:搜集整理 錄入:煙雨江南

字體:

英語句子中(尤其在口語中)常插入一些單詞、短語或者句子等，用來補充含義、或作一些解釋。語法上稱它們為 “插入語”。插入語在英語中形式多樣，內容豐富，使用靈活。1，插入語的類形：

1)，少數副詞 如：(un)luckily，though，however, still,等，有時充當插入語。

例如： She is looking fit , though.她看起來倒是健康。

I can , however, discuss this when I see you.然而，我可以在見到你的時候再討論這件事情

I have a bit of a cold.It is nothing much , though.我有點感冒，不過并不嚴重。

The task is very difficult , besides , time presses.任務艱巨，而且時間緊迫。2),介詞短語或固定詞組充當插入語

例如：for example例如 ； by the way順便說一下 ； as a result結果，因此；all the same盡管如此 ； on the other hand另一方面 ； in fact事實上 ； in a word總之 ； in other words換言之 ； in general大體上 ； strange to say說來奇怪 ； to make a long story short長話短說;first of all首先；above all更重要的是；in one’s opinion依某人看； what’s more而且 ；so far 到目前為止；as usual 像往常一樣；

例如：It does not often rain in the summer here.As a result , we have to water the vegetable garden.在這兒夏天不常下雨，因此我們得用水澆灌菜園。

First of all, dont come in here without a teacher.首先，如果沒有老師，就不要來這兒。，Above all, something must be done to stop polluting.更重要的是，必須釆取某些措施來阻止污染。

3)，短句或句子充當插入語：

例如：I believe;as far as I know;I think;I hope;I guess;I’m afraid;I suppose;I wonder;you see;you know;do you think(suppose);don’t you think;It is said;that is to see;It seems;it seems to me;what’s more;I say;等

例如：That would be a good beginning , I hope.我希望，那是一個好的開始。Where do they believe we should go during the summer holiday? 你認為暑假期間，我們應該到哪兒去。

What’s more , 40 percent of workers in factories have to find new jobs again.而且工廠里有40%的工人不得不再找新工作。2，插入語的位置：

插入語通常位于句中，并用逗號隔開。但有時也可位于句首或句末(見上面例句)。也有時并不用逗號隔開。如：

You know I think you are wrong.我認為，你明白你錯了。

What on earth do you mean ? 你究竟是什么意思？

How long did you see she would stay here ?(= How long would she stay here , did you see ?)When do you suppose they will be back ?(= When will they be back , do you suppose ?)What explanation do you suppose the teacher could give ? 你想老師會如何解釋？

Who do you guess broke the window ? 你猜是誰把窗戶打破了？

寫作高分支招：多用插入語，改變原來的Chinglish的寫作語序。在一個句子中間插入一個成分,它不作句子的何種成分,也不和句子的何種成分發生結構關系,同時既不起連接作用,也不表示語氣,這個成分稱之插入語。插入語在句中有時是對一句話的一些附加解釋、說明或總結；有時表達說話者的態度和看法；有時起強調的作用；有時是為了引起對方的注意；還可以起轉移話題或說明事由的作用；也可以承上啟下，使句子銜接得更緊密一些。

從雅思高分寫作來看，凡是8分及以上的寫作都沒有很明顯的連詞加逗號的形式。如First, second, however, 而是渾然天成，整篇文章雖沒有很明顯的邏輯銜接詞匯，但是卻能銜接緊密，Why? 今天從英語新聞中來學習一下如何能讓自己的寫作看上去更“成熟地道”一點。

這些扭曲需要糾正。然而從試圖糾正類似扭曲的發展中國家的歷史先例來看，調整過程中的最大障礙將是這些集團的反對。比如杰弗瑞?弗里登(Jeffrey Frieden)在他1993年關于拉丁美洲的著作中認為，拉美70年代后期的調整之所以極其緩慢、痛苦，正是因為強大的既得利益在妨礙或稀釋改革方面是如此成功

These distortions need to be reversed.The historical precedents for developing countries that have attempted to reverse similar distortions, however, suggest that the biggest impediment to the adjustment process will be opposition from these groups.Jeffrey Frieden in his 1993 book on Latin America, for example, argues that the Latin America adjustment in the late 1970s was extremely slow and painful precisely because powerful vested interests were so successful in retarding or diluting reform.試比較不用插入語：

These distortions need to be reversed.However, The historical precedents for developing countries that have attempted to reverse similar distortions suggest that the biggest impediment to the adjustment process will be opposition from these groups.For example,Jeffrey Frieden in his 1993 book on Latin America argues that the Latin America adjustment in the late 1970s was extremely slow and painful precisely because powerful vested interests were so successful in retarding or diluting reform.請注意：

老外：是將however,和 for example這樣的連詞放在了主謂語之間。句子之間就 顯得更加緊密，從而增加了句子的凝聚力。我們：往往總是先however再寫逗號，然后再跟內容。因此，偶爾或用一些插入語，能讓我們寫作看上去更成熟，但切忌從頭用到尾過分使用。

第二篇：英語插入語的用法小結

英語插入語的用法小結

高考英語插入語及插入句的用法

由于插入語通常與句中其它成分沒有語法上的關系，因此給考生的理解帶來一定困難。插入語多半用逗號與句子隔開，用來表示說話者對句子所表達的意思的態度。插入語可能是一個詞、一個短語或一個句子。

一、常用做插入語的副詞 indeed的確，surely無疑，however然而，obviously顯然，frankly坦率地說，naturally自然，luckily(或happily)for sb.算某人幸運，fortunately幸好，strangely奇怪，honestly真的，briefly簡單地說等。

1.Surely，she won't go to China Telecom with you.

當然她不會和你一起去中國電信。

2.Strangely，he has not been to China Unicom.Still more strangely，he has not called me.

奇怪，他未來過中國聯通。更奇怪，他沒給我打電話。

3.Fortunately，I found the book that I'd lost.

幸虧我找到了已丟失的那本書。

二、常見的作插入語的形容詞或其短語

true真的，funny真可笑，strange to say說也奇怪，needless to say不用說，most important of all最為重要，worse still更糟糕的等。

1.Strange to say(或True)，2.he should have done such a thing.

說也奇怪(或真的)，他竟然做出這樣的事。 Most important of all，you each overfulfiled your own task. 更為重要的，你們各自超額完成了自己的任務。

三、常用作插入語的介詞短語

in a few words(或in sum，in short)簡而言之，in other words換句話說，in a sense在某種意義上，in general一般說來，in my view在我看來，in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意見(判斷)，in conclusion總之，in summary概括地說，in fact事實上，in the first place首先，in addition此外，of course當然，to our knowledge據我們所知，to my joy(delight，satisfaction)使我欣慰(高興、滿意)的，to their surprise(astonishment，amazement)使他們驚奇的，to her regret(disappointment)使她遺憾(失望)的，for instance(或example)例如，as a matter of fact事實上等。

1.Of course，he did not succeed for the lack of experience.

當然，他由于缺乏經驗而未成功。

2.She knows much more about computer science than the other students do，for in stance.例如，她在計算機科學方面就比其他同學懂得多。

四、常用作插入語的分詞短語

strictly speaking嚴格地說，generally speaking一般地說，judging from…根據……判斷等。

Judging from his letter，a campaign against “white pollution ”has been undertaken in his hometown.

根據他的來信做出判斷，一場抵制“白色污染”的運動已經在他的故鄉展開了。注意:不要理解為現在分詞短語作狀語，因為上兩句中speaking和judging的動作不是句中主語發出的。

五、常用作插入語的不定式短語

to be sure無疑地，to sum up概括地說，to tell the truth老實說等。

1.To be sure，community service can aid reemployment.

毫無疑問，社區服務能有助于再就業。

2.To start with，China is ready strengthen scientific and technological cooperation with many countries.

首先，中國準備和許多國家加強科學技術合作。

六、插入句

I am sure我可以肯定地說，I believe我相信，I wonder我不知道，you know你知道，you see你明白，that is也就是說，it seems看來是，as I see it照我看來，what is important(serious)重要(嚴重)的是，I'm afraid恐怕，it is said據說等。

1.It will result in success，I suppose.我想，這件事終于會成功的。

2.One day，it is said，Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.

據說，有一天牛頓見到一個蘋果從樹上掉下來。

3.What is more important，information superhighways can carry great amounts of information around the country quickly and cheaply.

更重要的是，信息高速公路能把大量信息迅速、便宜地傳遍全國

第三篇：2018年考研英語作文中插入語的運用

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

2018年考研英語作文中插入語的運用

在長難句中，有一種句子成分叫插入語，它可以增加句子表達的多樣性。插入語在考研英語閱讀中的地位不是很重要，基本可以跳讀，但是對于英語作文來講，用好插入語卻能為你的文章增色不少，一起來學習一下吧。

插入語在寫作中的運用

不管是閱讀還是寫作，難點即亮點。中國學生在閱讀句子時認為插入語很難，在寫作的時候也就不愿意常用這種語言，但這絕對是考生應該掌握的，使用插入語可以增加語言的亮點并使句子錯落有致。比較下面的兩個句子：

Ancientmen made tools of stone.For instance, they always used flint because it is easier to shape than other kinds.（不使用插入語）

Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because it is easier to shape than other kinds.（使用插入語）

比較之下，凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

at the mercy of在……支配下

插入語看似很簡單，但其實想用的巧妙卻不是那么容易，建議各位考生將插入語做以簡單的分類，便于學習和記憶。祝各位考生都能用簡單的插入語寫出不簡單的考研英語作文。

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第四篇：then用法小議

then用法小議

1.用作副詞，表示“那時”，可用于過去或將來。如： He was in Paris then.那是他在巴黎。He will be free then.那時他就會有空了。

注：有時可用于某些介詞后。如：

He will have left by then.到那時他就會已經離開了。From then on he worked harder.從此以后，他工作更努力了。2.表示“然后”、“接著”，通常與連詞 and 連用。如：

Let’s go for a drink and then go home.我們先去喝一杯，然后再回家。He went to Paris, and then to London.他到了巴黎，后又到了倫敦。注：在口語中有時可不用連詞 and 而只用 then。另外，有時位于句首，其后用倒裝句。如：

Then came the day of his exam.接著他考試的那一天到了。

3.表示“那么”、“既然是那樣”、“這么說來”，通常用于句首或句末。如：

You say you don’t want to be a teacher.Then what do you want to be? 你說你不想當老師，那么你想干什么呢?

Then you mean to say I am a cheat.那么你的意思是說我是個騙子。

注：有時與條件或時間狀語從句搭配使用。如：(from www.tmdps.cn)If it’s not on the table, then it will be in the drawer.要是不在桌上，那就是抽屜里。When I know what really happened, then I shall be able to decide.當我知道事實真相后，我就可以作決定了。

第五篇：倒裝用法歸納

倒裝用法歸納

江蘇 仲衛東

倒裝是中學階段的一個重要的語法知識點，也是高考命題熱點之一。下面筆者就來談談它的用法。

一、完全倒裝

完全倒裝是把謂語動詞完全置于主語前，其中主語必須是名詞，若為代詞則不倒裝，這種結構中謂語部分無助動詞（be，do，have）和情態動詞，但可以有連系動詞 be。須用完全倒裝的情況有：

1.當句首為副詞 out，in，up，down，off，here，there 等，且主語為名詞時，應用完全倒裝。如：

In came the doctor.醫生進來了。There goes the bell.鈴響了。

2.當表示地點的介詞短語位于句首，且主語為名詞時，應用完全倒裝。如： On top of the hill stands a big pine tree.山頂上聳立著一棵大松樹。

Under the tree were some children.樹下有一些孩子。

3.在 there be 結構中，there 為引導詞，be 動詞之后為句子的主語，屬完全倒裝，be 應與主語保持一致。除 be 以外，能與 there 連用的動詞還有 seem，exist，happen，appear，live，stand 等。如：

There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday.上周日公園里有很多人。

Once there lived a king who was cruel to his people.從前有一位對人民很殘暴的國王。

4.作表語的形容詞、過去分詞等較短，而主語相對比較長，為了保持句子平衡而將表語前置時，句子的主謂也應完全倒裝。如： Typical for China is the crosstalk show, in which two comedians entertain the audiences with words.中國典型的藝術形式是相聲，兩名演員用言語來逗樂觀眾。Gone are the days when we Chinese were looked down upon.中國人民被歧視的日子已成為過去。

5.某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒裝（或部分倒裝）。如： Long live the Chinese Communist Party of China!中國共產黨萬歲！May you succeed!祝你成功！

二、部分倒裝

部分倒裝則是將助動詞調到主語前，主語可以是名詞也可以是代詞。通常應使用部分倒裝的情況有：

1.當句首為否定或半否定詞 never，neither，nor，little，seldom，hardly，scarcely，in no way，few，not，no 等時，應用部分倒裝。如： Seldom does he spend his time playing cards.他很少花時間去玩撲克。

Never have I heard of that place before.我以前從未聽說過那個地方。

2.only 修飾時間、地點、方式、原因等狀語時，應用部分倒裝。如： Only in this way can we solve the problem.只有這樣，我們才能解決這個問題。

Only when you told me did I know her name.直到你告訴我，我才知道她的名字。

注意：如果 only 修飾的不是狀語，則句子不倒裝。如： Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.只有李叔叔知道這件事是怎么發生的。

3.表示對前者的陳述也適用后者時，肯定倒裝用“ so + 助動詞／情態動詞 + 后者”，否定倒裝用“ neither / nor + 助動詞 / 情態動詞 + 后者”。如： He can speak English, so can I.他會說英語，我也會。

If she doesn't go there tomorrow, neither / nor will I.如果她明天不去那兒，我也不去。

注意“ so + 助動詞 / 情態動詞 + 主語”與“ so + 主語 + 助動詞 / 情態動詞”的區別： 前者表示所說的主語和前面主語的情況一樣，所談到的是兩個人或物，意為“??也是這樣”；后者所談為同一人或物，說話者表示同意前者的觀點，意為“的確如此”。如： — Li Lei likes sports.李雷喜歡運動。

— So he does and so do I.他的確喜歡，我也是的。

4.so 及“ so + 形容詞 / 副詞”置于句首時，應用部分倒裝。如： So frightened was he that he didn't dare move.他如此驚慌以至不敢動彈。

So quietly did she speak that we could not hear a word.她說話聲音這么低，以至我們一個字也沒聽到。

5.such 及“ such + 形容詞 + 名詞”置于句首時，應用部分倒裝。如： Such is Zhong Cheng, a kind and helpful student.這就是仲成，一個善良、樂于助人的學生。

Such good players are they that they often win.他們是好隊員，所以他們經常獲勝。6.由 not only...but also...引起的并列句，若將 not only 置于句首時，該分句應部分倒裝，but also 引導的分句不倒裝。而由 neither...nor...引起的并列句，兩個分句都倒裝。如：

Not only did he give me some advice, but also he lent me some money.他不但給我提了建議，而且還借給了我一些錢。

Neither does he watch TV, nor does he see films in the evening.他晚上既不看電視也不看電影。

7.由連接詞 No sooner...than，Scarcely...when，Hardly...when 引起的主從復合句，主句應倒裝，從句不倒裝。如：

No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.他一上床就睡著了。

Hardly had I got into the classroom when it began to rain.我剛一進教室天就下起雨來。

8.not until 引起的時間狀語置于句首時，句子的主謂應部分倒裝。由 not until 引導的時間狀語從句位于句首時，主句應部分倒裝，從句語序不變。如： Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.直到 1998 年他才回到家鄉。

Not until Father came back did we begin to have supper last night.昨晚直到父親回來，我們才開始吃晚飯。

注意：當 not until 引導的狀語或狀語從句用于強調句型時，句子的主語不倒裝。如將上兩句改為強調句應為：

It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.It was not until Father came back that we began to have supper last night.9.省略 if 的虛擬條件句，可將 were，had，should 提至主語前。如： Were I you, I would go there tomorrow.要是我是你，我明天就會去那兒。Had you been there, you would have met the manager himself.要是你去了那兒，你就會見到經理本人了。

10.表示時間頻率且有肯定意義的詞語 often，every day，now and again 等置于句首用來強調時，應用部分倒裝。如：

Often does he send me e-mails to greet me.他經常給我發電子信件問候我。

三、主謂不倒裝的倒裝句

1.as / though 引起讓步狀語從句，可將表語或狀語置于句首，但主謂不顛倒順序。如： Tired as / though he is, he is still working.盡管他很累，他還是在工作。

Carefully as / though she listened, she didn't catch a word.盡管她聽得很仔細，她還是什么也沒聽到。

若將含有不定冠詞修飾的表語提前，則應省去不定冠詞 a / an。如： Child as / though he is, he knows a lot.盡管他還是個孩子，卻已經懂得很多。

2.however, no matter now 修飾形容詞或副詞時要前置，用以加強語氣，該讓步狀語從句的主謂不倒裝。如：

However hard the problem is, I am determined to work it out.不管這道題有多難，我也決心將它算出來。

No matter how heavily it was raining outside, he insisted going there.不管外面下多大的雨，他也要堅持去那兒。