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計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題第四版總結(jié)(5篇)

時(shí)間:2019-05-12 22:56:23下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
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第一篇:計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題第四版總結(jié)

UNIT 1 詞組翻譯

1.artificial intelligence 人工智能 2.paper-tape reader 紙帶閱讀器 3.optical computer 光計(jì)算機(jī) 4.neural network 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 5.instruction set 指令集 6.parallel processing 并行處理 7.difference engine 差分機(jī)

8.versatile logical element 通用邏輯元件 9.silicon substrate 硅襯底 10.vacuum tube 真空管

11.數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)與處理 the storage and handling of data 12.超大規(guī)模集成電路 very large-scale integrated circuit 13.中央處理器 central processing unit 14.個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī) personal computer 15.模擬計(jì)算機(jī) analogue computer 16.數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī) digital computer 17.通用計(jì)算機(jī) general-purpose computer 18.處理器芯片 processor chip 19.操作指令 operating instructions 20.輸入設(shè)備 input device 完形填空

We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output.According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital.They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers.All else(for example, the age of the machine)being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes.First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC(通用自動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)), introduced in the early 1950s, were based onvacuum tubes.Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in whichtransistors replaced vacuum tubes.In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s,integrated circuits replaced transistors.In fourth-generation computers such asmicrocomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuitsto be incorporated on onechip.Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.翻譯P9 計(jì)算機(jī)將變得更加先進(jìn),也將變得更加容易使用。語(yǔ)音識(shí)別的改進(jìn)將使計(jì)算機(jī)的操作更加容易。

虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí),即使用所有人類(lèi)官能與計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行交互的技術(shù),也將有助于創(chuàng)建更好的人機(jī)接口。人們正在開(kāi)發(fā)其他的奇異計(jì)算模型,包括使用生物機(jī)體的生物計(jì)算、使用具有特定屬性的分子的分子計(jì)算,以及使用遺傳基本單位 DNA(脫氧核糖核酸)存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和執(zhí)行運(yùn)算的計(jì)算。

這些都是可能的未來(lái)計(jì)算平臺(tái)的例子,而它們迄今還能力有限或完全屬于理論范疇。科學(xué)家們研究它們,是因?yàn)榍度牍柚械碾娐返奈⑿⌒突艿轿锢硐拗啤_€有一些限制與即使最微小的晶體管也會(huì)產(chǎn)生的熱量有關(guān)。

UNIT 2 詞組翻譯

1.function key 功能鍵,操作鍵,函數(shù)鍵 2.voice recognition module 語(yǔ)音識(shí)別模塊 3.touch-sensitive region 觸敏區(qū) 4.address bus 地址總線(xiàn) 5.flatbed scanner平板掃描儀

6.dot-matrix printer 點(diǎn)陣打印機(jī)(針式打印機(jī))7.parallel connection 并行連接 8.cathode ray tube 陰極射線(xiàn)管 9.video game 電子游戲 10.audio signal 音頻信號(hào) 11.操作系統(tǒng) operating system 12.液晶顯示(器)LCD(liquid crystal display)13.噴墨打印機(jī) inkjet printer 14.數(shù)據(jù)總線(xiàn) data bus 15.串行連接 serial connection 16.易失 性存儲(chǔ)器 volatile memory 17.激光打印機(jī) laser printer 18.磁盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器 disk drive 19.基本輸入 / 輸出系統(tǒng) BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)20.視頻顯示器 video display 完形填空

CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory.Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light.On a CD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy(高低不平的)areas(called “pits”)on its bottom surface.The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas.The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0.Like a commercialCD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disc.Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user.Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted(壓印)by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes(兆字節(jié))of data.That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks.With that much information on a single disc, the time to retrieve or access the information is very important.An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.翻譯P31 調(diào)制解調(diào)器是在模擬與數(shù)字信號(hào)之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換的設(shè)備。

計(jì)算機(jī)使用的是數(shù)字信號(hào),這種信號(hào)由離散單元組成,通常用一系列 1和0 表示。模擬信號(hào)是連續(xù)變化的;聲波就是模擬信號(hào)的一個(gè)例子。調(diào)制解調(diào)器經(jīng)常用于實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)之間通過(guò)電話(huà)線(xiàn)的互相通信。

調(diào)制解調(diào)器將發(fā)送端計(jì)算機(jī)的數(shù)字信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成可通過(guò)電話(huà)線(xiàn)傳輸?shù)哪M信號(hào)。信號(hào)到達(dá)目的地后,另外一個(gè)調(diào)制解調(diào)器重構(gòu)原來(lái)的數(shù)字信號(hào),供接收端計(jì)算機(jī)處理。如果兩個(gè)調(diào)制解調(diào)器可同時(shí)互相發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),那么它們采用的就是全雙工工作方式;如果一次只有一個(gè)調(diào)

制解調(diào)器可以發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),那么它們采用的則是半雙工工作方式。

UNIT 3 詞組翻譯

1.storage register 存儲(chǔ)寄存器 2.function statement 函數(shù)語(yǔ)句 3.program statement 程序語(yǔ)句

4.object-oriented language 面向?qū)ο笳Z(yǔ)言 5.assembly language 匯編語(yǔ)言

6.intermediate language 中間語(yǔ)言,中級(jí)語(yǔ)言 7.relational language 關(guān)系(型)語(yǔ)言 8.artificial language 人工語(yǔ)言 9.data declaration 數(shù)據(jù)聲明

10.Structured Query Language 結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢(xún)語(yǔ)言 11.可執(zhí)行程序 executable program 12.程序模塊 program module 13.條件語(yǔ)句 conditional statement 14.賦值語(yǔ)句 assignment statement 15.邏輯語(yǔ)言 logic language 16.機(jī)器語(yǔ)言 machine language 17.函數(shù)式語(yǔ)言 functional language 18.程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言 programming language 19.運(yùn)行計(jì)算機(jī)程序 run a computer program 20.計(jì)算機(jī)程序員 computer programmer 完形填空

A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer.It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics(助記符)for instructions and symbols for variables.Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler(匯編程序,匯編器)into the binary encoding used by the computer.Other pieces of system software known as linking loaders(連接裝入程序)combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution.The concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “l(fā)ibraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse.Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages(closer to natural languages)were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming;along with them came the need for compilers, programs that translate high-level language programs into machine code.As programming languages became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.翻譯P55 面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言,如C++和Java,基于傳統(tǒng)的高級(jí)語(yǔ)言,但它們使程序設(shè)計(jì)員能夠從合作對(duì)象集而非命令列表的角度進(jìn)行思考。

諸如圓之類(lèi)的對(duì)象具有像圓的半徑一類(lèi)的屬性,以及在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上繪制該對(duì)象的命令。一個(gè)對(duì)象類(lèi)可以從其他的對(duì)象類(lèi)繼承特征。例如,定義正方形的類(lèi)可以從定義長(zhǎng)方形的類(lèi)那里繼承直角等特征。這一套程序設(shè)計(jì)類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)化了程序設(shè)計(jì)員的工作,帶來(lái)了更多“可復(fù)用的”計(jì)算機(jī)代碼。

可復(fù)用代碼使程序設(shè)計(jì)員可以使用已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)、編寫(xiě)和測(cè)試的代碼。這使得程序設(shè)計(jì)員的工作變得比較容易,并帶來(lái)更加可靠和高效的程序。

UNIT 4 詞組翻譯

1.inference engine 推理機(jī) 2.system call 系統(tǒng)調(diào)用

3.compiled language 編譯執(zhí)行的語(yǔ)言 4.parallel computing 并行計(jì)算 5.pattern matching 模式匹配 6.memory location 存儲(chǔ)單元 7.interpreter program 解釋程序

8.library routine 庫(kù)程序,程序庫(kù)例行程序 9.intermediate program 中間程序,過(guò)渡程序 10.source file 源文件

11.解釋執(zhí)行的語(yǔ)言 interpreted language 12.設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 device driver 13.源程序 source program 14.調(diào)試程序 debugging program 15.目標(biāo)代碼 object code 16.應(yīng)用程序 application program 17.實(shí)用程序 utility program 18.邏輯程序 logic program 19.墨盒 ink cartridge 20.程序的存儲(chǔ)與執(zhí)行 program storage and execution 完形填空

A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code.Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages that people can understand.Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.Compilers collect and reorganize(compile)all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code.Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s machine code.If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation.If the object code is not in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders(聯(lián)編程序), linkers, and loaders(加載程序)—finish the translation.Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal computers(PC)and Apple Macintosh computers.Many different manufacturersoften produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers.翻譯P78 在軟件中,錯(cuò)誤是指導(dǎo)致程序發(fā)生故障或產(chǎn)生不正確結(jié)果的編碼或邏輯錯(cuò)誤。

較輕微的錯(cuò)誤,如光標(biāo)表現(xiàn)異常,會(huì)造成不便或帶來(lái)挫折,但不會(huì)對(duì)信息產(chǎn)生破壞性影響。較嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)導(dǎo)致程序“中止”(對(duì)命令停止反應(yīng)),可能使用戶(hù)別無(wú)選擇,只能重新啟動(dòng)程序,結(jié)果致使任何前面已經(jīng)做好但尚未保存的工作丟失。

兩種情況無(wú)論是哪一種,程序員都必須憑借稱(chēng)為調(diào)試的過(guò)程,發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯(cuò)誤。

由于錯(cuò)誤對(duì)重要數(shù)據(jù)的潛在危險(xiǎn),商用應(yīng)用程序在發(fā)行前要經(jīng)過(guò)盡可能全面的測(cè)試與調(diào)試。程序發(fā)行后發(fā)現(xiàn)的較輕微錯(cuò)誤在下一次更新時(shí)改正;較嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤有時(shí)可用稱(chēng)為補(bǔ)丁的特殊軟件加以修補(bǔ),以規(guī)避問(wèn)題或減輕其影響。

UNIT 5 詞組翻譯

1.system specification 系統(tǒng)規(guī)格說(shuō)明 2.unit testing 單位(或單元、部件)測(cè)試

3.software life cycle 軟件生命周期(或生存周期)4.system validation testing 系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)證測(cè)試

5.evolutionary development process 演化開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程 6.linear model 線(xiàn)性模型 7.program unit 程序單元

8.throwaway prototype 拋棄式原型

9.text formatting 正文格式編排,文本格式化 10.system evolution 系統(tǒng)演變

11.系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)范例 system design paradigm 12.需求分析與定義 requirements analysis and definition 13.探索式編程方法 exploratory programming approach 14.系統(tǒng)文件編制 system documentation 15.瀑布模型 waterfall model 16.系統(tǒng)集成 system integration 17.商用現(xiàn)成軟件 commercial off-the-shelf(或 COTS)software 18.基于組件的軟件工程 component-based software engineering(CBSE)19.軟件維護(hù)工具 software maintenance tool 20.軟件復(fù)用 software reuse 完形填空

There are three different types of software maintenance.Firstly, there ismaintenanceto repair software faults.Coding errors are usually relatively cheapto correct;design errors are more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program components.Requirements errors are the most expensive torepair because of the extensive system redesign that may be necessary.Secondly, there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating environment.Thistype of maintenance is required when some aspect of the system’s environmentsuch as the hardware, the platform operating system or other support softwarechanges.The application system must be modified to adapt it to cope with theseenvironmental changes.And thirdly, there is maintenance to add to or modify the system’s functionality.This type of maintenance is necessary when the system requirements change in response to organizational or business change.The scale of the changes required to the softwareis often much greater than for the other types of maintenance.In practice, there isn’t a clear-cut distinction between these types of maintenance.When you adapt the system to a new environment, you may add functionality totake advantage of new environmental features.Software faults are often exposedbecause users use the system in unanticipated ways.Changing the system toaccommodate their way of working is the best way to fix these faults.翻譯P104 軟件過(guò)程比較復(fù)雜,而且像所有其他的智能和創(chuàng)造性過(guò)程一樣,依靠人們作出決定和判斷。由于需要判斷和創(chuàng)造性,使軟件過(guò)程自動(dòng)化的嘗試只取得了有限的成功。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助軟件工程工具可支持軟件過(guò)程的某些活動(dòng)。

然而,至少是在未來(lái)幾年內(nèi),不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)更廣泛的軟件過(guò)程自動(dòng)化,使軟件能夠接替參與軟件過(guò)程的工程師來(lái)從事創(chuàng)造性設(shè)計(jì)。

計(jì)算機(jī)輔助軟件工程工具的有效性有限,原因之一是軟件過(guò)程多種多樣。不存在理想的過(guò)程,而且許多組織機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展了自己的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)方法。

軟件過(guò)程不斷演變,以利用組織機(jī)構(gòu)中的人員的能力和開(kāi)發(fā)中的系統(tǒng)的具體特點(diǎn)。對(duì)于一些系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō),需要的是一個(gè)高度結(jié)構(gòu)化的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程,而對(duì)于另外一些系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō),一個(gè)靈活 敏捷的過(guò)程很可能更為有效。

UNIT 6 詞組翻譯

1.end user 最終用戶(hù),終端用戶(hù) 2.atomic operation 原子操作

3.database administrator 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理員 4.relational database model 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)模型 5.local data 本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)

6.object-oriented database 面向?qū)ο髷?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

7.database management system(DBMS)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng) 8.entity-relationship model(ERM)實(shí)體關(guān)系模型 9.distributed database 分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 10.flat file平面文件

11.二維表 two-dimensional table 12.數(shù)據(jù)屬性 data attribute 13.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象 database object 14.存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備 storage device 15.數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型 data type 16.數(shù)據(jù)插入與刪除 data insertion and deletion 17.層次數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)模型 hierarchical database model 18.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)體系結(jié)構(gòu) database architecture 19.關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng) relational database management system(RDBMS)20.全局控制總線(xiàn) global control bus 完形填空

A database is any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and designed for easy access by authorized users.The data may be in the form of text, numbers, or encoded graphics.Small databases were first developed or funded by the U.S.government for agency or professional use.In the 1960s, some databases became commercially available, but their use was funnelled(傳送)through a few so-called research centers that collected information inquiries and handled them in batches(批,批量).Online databases—that is, databases available to anyone who could link up to them by computer—first appeared in the 1970s.Since their first,experimental appearance in the 1950s, databases have become so importantthat they can be found in almost every field of information.Government, military, and industrial databases are often highly restricted, and professional databases are usually of limited interest.A wide range of commercial, governmental, and nonprofit databases are available to the general public, however, and may be used by anyone who owns or has access to the equipment that they require.翻譯P126 在關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中,表的行表示記錄(關(guān)于不同項(xiàng)的信息集),列表示字段(一個(gè)記錄的特定屬性)。

在進(jìn)行搜索時(shí),關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)將一個(gè)表中的一個(gè)字段的信息與另一個(gè)表的一個(gè)相應(yīng)字段的信息進(jìn)行匹配,以生成將來(lái)自這兩個(gè)表的所要求數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合起來(lái)的另一個(gè)表。例如,如果一個(gè)表包含 EMPLOYEE-ID、LAST-NAME、FIRST-NAME 和HIRE-DATE 字段,另一個(gè)表包含 DEPT、EMPLOYEE-ID 和SALARY 字段,關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可匹配這兩個(gè)表中的 EMPLOYEE-ID 字段,以找到特定的信息,如所有掙到一定薪水的雇員的姓名或所有在某個(gè)日期之后受雇的雇員所屬的部門(mén)。

換言之,關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)使用兩個(gè)表中的匹配值,將一個(gè)表中的信息與另一個(gè)表中的信息聯(lián)系起來(lái)。微型計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)產(chǎn)品一般是關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

UNIT 7 詞組翻譯

1.file server 文件服務(wù)器

2.carrier sense 載波檢測(cè),載波監(jiān)聽(tīng) 3.protocol suite 協(xié)議組,協(xié)議集 4.peer-to-peer model 對(duì)等模型 5.bus topology network 總線(xiàn)拓?fù)渚W(wǎng)絡(luò)

6.inter-machine cooperation 機(jī)器間合作,計(jì)算機(jī)間合作 7.Ethernet protocol collection 以太網(wǎng)協(xié)議集 8.proprietary network 專(zhuān)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)

9.utility package 實(shí)用軟件包,公用程序包 10.star network 星形網(wǎng)絡(luò)

11.局域網(wǎng) local area network(LAN)12.令牌環(huán) token ring 13.無(wú)線(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò) wireless network 14.封閉式網(wǎng)絡(luò) closed network 15.環(huán)形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) ring topology 16.客戶(hù)機(jī)/服務(wù)器模型 client/server model 17.網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序 network application 18.進(jìn)程間通信 interprocess communication 19.打印服務(wù)器 print server 20.廣域網(wǎng) wide area network(WAN)完形填空

Computers can communicate with other computers through a series of connections and associated hardware called a network.The advantage of a network is that data can be exchanged rapidly, and software and hardware resources, such as hard-disk space or printers, can be shared.Networks also allow remote use of a computer by a user who cannot physically access the computer.One type of network, a local area network(LAN), consists of several PCs or workstations connected to a special computer called a server, often within the same building or office complex.The server stores and manages programs and data.A server often contains all of a networked group’s data and enables LAN workstations or PCs to be set up without large storage capabilities.In this scenario(方案), each PC may have “l(fā)ocal” memory(for example, a hard drive)specific to itself, but the bulk of storage resides on the server.This reduces the cost of the workstation or PC because less expensive computers can be purchased, and it simplifies the maintenance of software because the software resides only on the server rather than on each individual workstation or PC.翻譯P149 在計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中,網(wǎng)絡(luò)是指由通信設(shè)備連接在一起的一組計(jì)算機(jī)及其相關(guān)設(shè)備。網(wǎng)絡(luò)可采用電纜等永久性連接,或者采用通過(guò)電話(huà)或其他通信鏈路而實(shí)現(xiàn)的臨時(shí)性連接。網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以小到由少數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)、打印機(jī)以及其他設(shè)備構(gòu)成的局域網(wǎng),也可以由分布在廣大地理區(qū)域的許多小型與大型計(jì)算機(jī)組成。

計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)無(wú)論大小,其存在的目的均在于為計(jì)算機(jī)用戶(hù)提供以電子方式進(jìn)行信息通信與傳送的方法。

有些類(lèi)型的通信是簡(jiǎn)單的用戶(hù)到用戶(hù)消息;有些稱(chēng)為分布式過(guò)程,可能涉及數(shù)臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī),以及在執(zhí)行任務(wù)中分擔(dān)工作量或進(jìn)行協(xié)作。

UNIT 8 詞組翻譯

1.cell phone 蜂窩電話(huà),移動(dòng)電話(huà),手機(jī) 2.IP address 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議地址,IP 地址 3.autonomous system 自主系統(tǒng) 4.dial-up connection 撥號(hào)連接 5.network identifier 網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)識(shí)符 6.binary notation 二進(jìn)制記數(shù)法 7.mnemonic name 助記名,縮寫(xiě)名

8.Internet-wide directory system 因特網(wǎng)范圍的目錄系統(tǒng) 9.name server 名稱(chēng)服務(wù)器

10.Internet infrastructure 因特網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 11.助記地址 mnemonic address 12.網(wǎng)吧 cyber cafe 13.寬帶因特網(wǎng)訪(fǎng)問(wèn) broadband Internet access 14.頂級(jí)域名 top-level domain(TLD)15.因特網(wǎng)編址 Internet addressing 16.點(diǎn)分十進(jìn)制記數(shù)法 dotted decimal notation 17.因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商 Internet service provider(ISP)18.專(zhuān)用因特網(wǎng)連接 dedicated Internet connection 19.主機(jī)地址 host address 20.硬件與軟件支持 hardware and software support 完形填空

Early computer networks used leased telephone company lines for theirconnections.Telephone company systems of that time established a single connection between senderand receiver for each telephone call, and that connection carried all data along a single path.When a company wanted to connect computers it owned at two different locations, thecompany placed a telephone call to establish the connection, and then connected one computer to each end of that single connection.The U.S.Defense Department was concerned about the inherent risk of this single-channel method for connecting computers, and its researchers developed a differentmethod of sending information through multiple channels.In this method, files and messages are broken into packets that are labeled electronically with codes for their origins, sequences, and destinations.In 1969, Defense Department researchers in the Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA)used this network model to connect four computersinto a network called the ARPANET.The ARPANET wasthe earliest of the networks that eventually combined to become what we now call theInternet.Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, many researchers in the academic community connected to the ARPANET and contributed to the technological developments thatincreased its speed and efficiency.翻譯P170 因特網(wǎng)只是提供了將許許多多的計(jì)算機(jī)連接在一起的物理與邏輯基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。不少人認(rèn)為,是萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)(www.tmdps.cnputing 高吞吐(量)計(jì)算 5.server cluster 服務(wù)器集群 6.public cloud 公共云 7.grid computing 網(wǎng)格計(jì)算

8.security-aware cloud architecture 具有安全意識(shí)的云體系結(jié)構(gòu) 9.social networking 社交網(wǎng)絡(luò) 10.utility computing 效用計(jì)算

11.云計(jì)算提供商 cloud computing provider 12.存儲(chǔ)芯片 memory chip 13.基于內(nèi)部網(wǎng)的私有云 intranet-based private cloud 14.網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬 network bandwidth 15.混合云 hybrid cloud 16.磁盤(pán)陣列 disk array 17.軟件即服務(wù) Software as a Service(SaaS)18.集群計(jì)算 cluster computing 19.虛擬化計(jì)算機(jī)資源 virtualized computer resources 20.多核處理器 multi-core processor 完形填空

The architecture of a cloud is developed atthree layers:infrastructure, platform, and application.The infrastructure layeris deployedfirstto support IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service)services.This layer serves as the foundation for building the platform layer ofthecloud for supporting PaaS(PlatformasaService)services.In turn,the platform layeris a foundation forimplementing theapplication layerfor SaaS applications.The infrastructure layeris built with virtualized compute, storage, and network resources.Theabstraction ofthese hardware resources is meantto provide the flexibility demanded by users.Internally, virtualization realizes automated provisioning ofresources and optimizes the infrastructure management process.The platform layeris for general-purpose and repeated usage ofthe collection ofsoftware resources.This layer provides users with an environmentto develop their applications,totest operation flows, and to monitor execution results and performance.In a way,the virtualized cloud platform serves as a “system middleware(中間件)”between the infrastructure and application layersofthe cloud.The application layeris formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaSapplications.Service applications in this layerinclude daily office management work.The application layeris also heavily used by enterprises in business marketing and sales, consumerrelationship management,financialtransactions, and supply chain management.翻譯P194 云計(jì)算動(dòng)態(tài)供應(yīng)硬件、軟件和數(shù)據(jù)集,以此方式按需應(yīng)用一個(gè)擁有彈性資源的虛擬化平臺(tái)。其目的 是通過(guò)在數(shù)據(jù)中心使用服務(wù)器集群和巨型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)而 將桌面計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)移到一個(gè)面向服務(wù)的平臺(tái)。云計(jì)算充分利用其低成本與簡(jiǎn)單的特性既惠及用戶(hù)也惠及提供商。機(jī)器虛擬化使這樣的成本效益成為可能。云計(jì)算意在同時(shí)滿(mǎn)足許多用戶(hù)應(yīng)用程序的需要。云生態(tài)系統(tǒng)必須設(shè)計(jì)得具有安全性、可信性和可靠性。有些計(jì)算機(jī)用戶(hù)將云視為一個(gè)集中式資源池,而另外一些計(jì)算機(jī)用戶(hù)則認(rèn)為云是 一個(gè)在所用的各個(gè)服務(wù)器上實(shí)行分布式計(jì)算的服務(wù)器集群。傳統(tǒng)上,一個(gè)分布式計(jì)算系統(tǒng)往往由一個(gè)自主管理域(如一個(gè)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室或公司)為內(nèi)部計(jì)算需要而擁有和使用。然而,這些傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)遭遇數(shù)個(gè)性能瓶頸:系統(tǒng)維護(hù)需要不斷進(jìn)行;利用率差;與硬件/軟件升級(jí)有關(guān)的費(fèi)用日益增長(zhǎng)。作為一種按需計(jì)算范式,云計(jì)算可解決這些問(wèn)題或可使我們擺脫這些問(wèn)題。

UNIT 10 詞組翻譯

1.backup system 備份系統(tǒng) 2.encryption key(加密)密鑰 3.data confidentiality 數(shù)據(jù)機(jī)密性

4.system vulnerability 系統(tǒng)脆弱性,系統(tǒng)脆弱之處 5.unauthorized access 未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn),越權(quán)存取 6.intrusion detection system 入侵檢測(cè)系統(tǒng) 7.after-action recovery 事后恢復(fù) 8.software piracy 軟件侵權(quán) 9.authorized user 特許用戶(hù) 10.data unit 數(shù)據(jù)單元,數(shù)據(jù)單位 11.軟件版本 software version 12.數(shù)據(jù)完整性 data integrity 13.系統(tǒng)崩潰 system crash 14.病毒檢查軟件 virus-checking software 15.綜合安全策略 comprehensive security strategy 16.軟件配置管理 software configuration management 17.故障隔離 fault isolation 18.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) statistical database 19.保密的加密算法 secure encryption algorithm 20.數(shù)據(jù)流 data stream 完形填空

An access control mechanism mediates between a user(or a process executing onbehalf of a user)and system resources, such as applications, operating systems,firewalls,routers,files, and databases.The system mustfirst authenticate(驗(yàn)證)a user seeking access.Typically the authentication function determines whetherthe useris permitted to accessthe system at all.Then the access controlfunction determines ifthe specific requestedaccess by this useris permitted.A security administrator maintains an authorization(授權(quán))database that specifies whattype of access to which resources is allowed forthis user.The access controlfunction consults this database to determine whetherto grant access.An auditing function monitors and keeps a record of user accesses to system resources.In practice, a number of components may cooperatively sharethe access controlfunction.All operating systems have atleast a rudimentary(基本的), andin many cases a quite robust, access control component.Add-on security packages can add to the native access control capabilities ofthe OS.Particularapplications or utilities, such as a database management system, also incorporateaccess controlfunctions.External devices, such as firewalls, can also provide accesscontrol services.翻譯P218 入侵者攻擊從溫和的到嚴(yán)重的形形色色。在這一系列攻擊的溫和端,有許多人只是希望探查互聯(lián)網(wǎng),看看那里有什么。在嚴(yán)重端的是試圖閱讀特許數(shù)據(jù)、對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行未經(jīng)授權(quán)的修改或擾亂系統(tǒng)的個(gè)人。

入侵者的目標(biāo)是獲得進(jìn)入一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)會(huì),或者增加在一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中可以使用的特權(quán)范圍。初始攻擊大多利用系統(tǒng)或軟件的 脆弱之處,這些脆弱之處 允許用戶(hù)執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的代碼,打開(kāi)進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)的后門(mén)。入侵者可對(duì)具有某些運(yùn)行特權(quán)的程序?qū)嵤┫窬彺嬉绯鲞@樣的攻擊,利用此類(lèi)攻擊獲得進(jìn)入一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)會(huì)。

另外,入侵者也試圖獲取應(yīng)予保護(hù)的信息。在有些情況下,這種信息是以用戶(hù)口令的形式存在的。知道了某個(gè)其他用戶(hù)的口令之后,入侵者就可以登錄系統(tǒng)并行使賦予合法用戶(hù)的所有特權(quán)。

UNIT 11 詞組翻譯

1.mailing list 郵件發(fā)送清單,郵件列表 2.proprietary software 專(zhuān)有軟件 3.cc line 抄送行 4.bcc line 密送行

5.forwarded e-mail message 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的電子郵件 6.e-mail convention 電子郵件常規(guī) 7.click on an icon 點(diǎn)擊圖標(biāo)

8.confidential document 密件,秘密文件 9.classified information 密級(jí)信息

10.recovered e-mail message 恢復(fù)的電子郵件 11.常用情感符 commonly used emoticon 12.已刪除電子郵件 deleted e-mail 13.電子系統(tǒng) electronic system 14.附件行 Attachments line 15.版權(quán)法 copyright law 16.電子郵件網(wǎng)規(guī) e-mail netiquette 17.信息高速公路 information superhighway 18.簽名文件 signature file 19.電子數(shù)據(jù)表程序 spreadsheet program 20.文字處理軟件 word processor 完形填空

Instant messaging has always been a good way to stay in touch with friends.As companies look to cut costs and improve efficiency, instant messaging is a good way to replace in-person meetings, while allowing people to collaborate(合作)through their computers.Instant messaging is a valuable new tool that is becoming as common as e-mail in the workplace.Several companies, such as Yahoo!, AOL, and Microsoft, will give you free access to instant messaging.To use their systems, you will need to download their software to your computer from their websites.Some instant messaging programs include the ability to send live audio or video.With a microphone and/or digital camera mounted on your computer, you can let other people see and hear you talking.Most instant messaging programs ask you to sign in with a password.Then, you can create a list of other people with whom you want to converse(交談).To begin a conversation, send a message to the others to see if they are at their computers.Their computers will open a window or make a sound to tell them you want to talk to them.If they respond, you can start writing back and forth.翻譯P240 新技術(shù)帶來(lái)的變化速度對(duì)于全世界人們的生活、工作和娛樂(lè)方式產(chǎn)生了重要影響。新興技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)過(guò)程以及教育的管理方式提出挑戰(zhàn)。人們經(jīng)常斷言,推動(dòng)當(dāng)今社會(huì)發(fā)生變化的最強(qiáng)有力因素將證明是信息技術(shù)。信息技術(shù)雖然本身就是一個(gè)重要的學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域,但同時(shí)也在所有的課程領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生著重大影響。方便的全球通信使我們可以即時(shí)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)巨量的數(shù)據(jù)。快速的通信,加上在家里、工作場(chǎng)所和教育機(jī)構(gòu)使用信息技術(shù)機(jī)會(huì)的增多,可能意味著學(xué)習(xí)成為一項(xiàng)真正持續(xù)終生的活動(dòng);在這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)中,技術(shù)變化的速度迫使我們要對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程本身不斷作出評(píng)估。

UNIT 12 詞組翻譯

1.customized marketing strategy 定制的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略 2.B2G transaction 企業(yè)對(duì)政府交易 3.dial-up modem 撥號(hào)調(diào)制解調(diào)器 4.dot-com bust 網(wǎng)絡(luò)不景氣 5.smart card 智能卡 6.digital piracy 數(shù)字盜版 7.dot-com boom 網(wǎng)絡(luò)繁榮

8.C2C transaction 消費(fèi)者對(duì)消費(fèi)者交易 9.Web auction site 拍賣(mài)網(wǎng)站 10.fingerprint reader 指紋讀取器

11.射頻識(shí)別裝置 radio-frequency identification(RFID)device 12.電子數(shù)據(jù)交換 electronic data interchange(EDI)13.庫(kù)存管理技術(shù) inventory management technology 14.知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property 15.條形碼 bar code 16.貨幣兌換 currency conversion 17.電子圖書(shū) electronic book 18.視網(wǎng)膜掃描儀 retina scanner 19.個(gè)人數(shù)字助理 personal digital assistant(PDA)20.企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)電子商務(wù) B2B electronic commerce 完形填空

Commerce, the negotiated exchange of goods or services, hasbeen practiced in traditional ways for thousands of years.Electronic commerce is the application of new technologies, particularly Internet and Web technologies, to help individuals, businesses, and other organizations conduct business more effectively.As in the Industrial Revolution,electronic commerce will be adopted in waves of change.The first wave of electronic commerce ended in 2000.More recently, a second wave with new approaches to integrating Internet technologies into business processes has begun.In the second wave, businesses arefocusing less on overall business models and more on improving specific business processes.Usingelectronic commerce, some businesses have been able to create new products and services, andothers have improved the promotion, marketing, and delivery of existing offerings(待售品).Firms havealso found many ways to use electronic commerce to improve purchasing and supply activities;identify new customers;and operate their finance, administration, and human resource management activities more efficiently.The inherently global nature of electronic commerce leads to many opportunities and a fewchallenges.Businesses must be careful to understand the trust, cultural, language, andlegal issues that arise in international business.翻譯P263 公司對(duì)電子商務(wù)感興趣,原因相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單,那就是因?yàn)殡娮由虅?wù)能夠有助于增加利潤(rùn)。電子商務(wù)對(duì)企業(yè)的所有好處可以概括為一句話(huà):電子商務(wù)能夠提高銷(xiāo)售額和降低成本。在萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)上做廣告做得好,可使甚至一家小型公司的推銷(xiāo)信息傳布到世界每個(gè)國(guó)家的潛在顧客。一家公司可使用電子商務(wù)與地理上分散的小群顧客建立聯(lián)系。萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)尤其有助于創(chuàng)建可成為特定種類(lèi)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)理想目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)的虛擬社區(qū)。

正像其可為賣(mài)家增加銷(xiāo)售機(jī)會(huì)一樣,電子商務(wù)也可為買(mǎi)家增加購(gòu)買(mǎi)機(jī)會(huì)。企業(yè)可使用電子商務(wù)確定新的供應(yīng)商和業(yè)務(wù)伙伴。洽談價(jià)格和交貨條件使用電子商務(wù)比較容易,因?yàn)橐蛱鼐W(wǎng)能夠幫助公司高效地獲取競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性投標(biāo)信息。電子商務(wù)可提高企業(yè)交換信息的速度和準(zhǔn)確性,這可降低交易雙方的成本。

第二篇:大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)第四版課后習(xí)題答案

第七章:

1.file server文件服務(wù)器

2.carrier sense載波檢測(cè),載波監(jiān)聽(tīng) 3.protocol suite協(xié)議組,協(xié)議集 4.peer-to-peer model對(duì)等模型 5.bus topology network總線(xiàn)拓?fù)渚W(wǎng)絡(luò)

6.inter-machine cooperation機(jī)器間合作,計(jì)算機(jī)間合作

7.Ethernet protocol collection以太網(wǎng)協(xié)議集 8.proprietary network專(zhuān)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)

9.utility package實(shí)用軟件包,公用程序包 10.star network星形網(wǎng)絡(luò)

11.局域網(wǎng)local area network(LAN)12.令牌環(huán)token ring

13.無(wú)線(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)wireless network 14.封閉式網(wǎng)絡(luò)closed network 15.環(huán)形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)ring topology

16.客戶(hù)機(jī)/服務(wù)器模型client/server model 17.網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序network application 18.進(jìn)程間通信interprocess communication 19.打印服務(wù)器print server

20.廣域網(wǎng)wide area network(WAN)

1.routing path路由選擇通路

2.dual-ring topology雙環(huán)形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) 3.extended star topology擴(kuò)展星形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) 4.backbone network基干網(wǎng),骨干網(wǎng) 5.mesh topology網(wǎng)格拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) 6.同軸電纜coaxial cable 7.邏輯拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)logical topology

8.無(wú)沖突連網(wǎng)環(huán)境collision-free networking environment

9.樹(shù)形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)tree topology 10.目的地節(jié)點(diǎn)destination node

1.destination address目的地址

2.performance degradation性能退化(或降級(jí))3.four-interface bridge4接口網(wǎng)橋 4.common bus公共總線(xiàn),公用總線(xiàn) 5.數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層data-link layer 6.協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換器protocol converter

7.開(kāi)放式系統(tǒng)互連OSI(Open Systems Interconnection)

8.物理地址physical address 第八章:

1.cell phone蜂窩電話(huà),移動(dòng)電話(huà),手機(jī) 2.IP address網(wǎng)際協(xié)議地址,IP地址 3.autonomous system自主系統(tǒng) 4.dial-up connection撥號(hào)連接 5.network identifier網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)識(shí)符 6.binary notation二進(jìn)制記數(shù)法 7.mnemonic name助記名,縮寫(xiě)名

8.Internet-wide directory system因特網(wǎng)范圍的目錄系統(tǒng)

9.name server名稱(chēng)服務(wù)器

10.Internet infrastructure因特網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 11.助記地址mnemonic address 12.網(wǎng)吧cyber cafe

13.寬帶因特網(wǎng)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)broadband Internet access 14.頂級(jí)域名top-level domain(TLD)15.因特網(wǎng)編址Internet addressing

16.點(diǎn)分十進(jìn)制記數(shù)法dotted decimal notation 17.因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商Internet service provider(ISP)18.專(zhuān)用因特網(wǎng)連接dedicated Internet connection

19.主機(jī)地址host address

20.硬件與軟件支持hardware and software support

1.incoming message來(lái)報(bào),到來(lái)的報(bào)文 2.application layer應(yīng)用層 3.utility software實(shí)用軟件

4.sequence number(順)序號(hào),序列號(hào) 5.remote login capabilities遠(yuǎn)程登錄能力 6.端口號(hào)port number 7.軟件例程software routine 8.傳輸層transport layer

9.文件傳送協(xié)議FTP(File Transfer Protocol)10.萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)瀏覽器Web browser 1.wildcard character通配符 2.Copy command復(fù)制命令 3.search operator搜索算符 4.home page主頁(yè) 5.回車(chē)鍵Enter key 6.搜索引擎search engine 7.嵌入代碼embedded code

8.超文本標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言Hypertext Markup Language

第九章:

1.server farm大型機(jī)服務(wù)器

2.access protocol存取協(xié)議,訪(fǎng)問(wèn)協(xié)議 3.storage area network存儲(chǔ)區(qū)域網(wǎng)(絡(luò))4.high-throughput computing高吞吐(量)計(jì)算 5.server cluster服務(wù)器集群 6.public cloud公共云 7.grid computing網(wǎng)格計(jì)算

8.security-aware cloud architecture具有安全意識(shí)的云體系結(jié)構(gòu)

9.social networking社交網(wǎng)絡(luò) 10.utility computing效用計(jì)算

11.云計(jì)算提供商cloud computing provider 12.存儲(chǔ)芯片memory chip

13.基于內(nèi)部網(wǎng)的私有云intranet-based private cloud 14.網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬network bandwidth 15.混合云hybrid cloud 16.磁盤(pán)陣列disk array

17.軟件即服務(wù)Software as a Service(SaaS)18.集群計(jì)算cluster computing

19.虛擬化計(jì)算機(jī)資源virtualized computer resources 20.多核處理器multi-core processor

1.computer vision計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué) 2.ubiquitous computing普適計(jì)算 3.command line命令行

4.data logging system數(shù)據(jù)記錄(或登錄)系統(tǒng) 5.augmented reality增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí) 6.移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)mobile network 7.平板電腦tablet computer8.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)Internet of Things 9.智能電網(wǎng)smart power grid 10.傳感器融合sensor fusion

1.notebook computer筆記本 2.wireless hotspot無(wú)線(xiàn)熱點(diǎn)

3.Short Message Service短信(服務(wù))

4.wearable computer可穿戴計(jì)算機(jī),穿戴式計(jì)算機(jī)5.移動(dòng)電話(huà)mobile phone 6.條形碼閱讀器barcode reader 7.網(wǎng)站W(wǎng)eb site 8.智能手機(jī)smart phone

第十章:

1.backup system備份系統(tǒng) 2.encryption key(加密)密鑰 3.data confidentiality數(shù)據(jù)機(jī)密性

4.system vulnerability系統(tǒng)脆弱性,系統(tǒng)脆弱之處 5.unauthorized access未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn),越權(quán)存取 6.intrusion detection system入侵檢測(cè)系統(tǒng) 7.after-action recovery事后恢復(fù) 8.software piracy軟件侵權(quán) 9.authorized user特許用戶(hù) 10.data unit數(shù)據(jù)單元,數(shù)據(jù)單位 11.軟件版本software version 12.數(shù)據(jù)完整性data integrity 13.系統(tǒng)崩潰system crash

14.病毒檢查軟件virus-checking software

15.綜合安全策略comprehensive security strategy 16.軟件配置管理software configuration management17.故障隔離fault isolation 18.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)statistical database

19.保密的加密算法secure encryption algorithm 20.數(shù)據(jù)流data stream

1.phishing attack網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚(yú)攻擊 2.graphics card顯(示)卡 3.heuristic analysis試探性分析 4.infected file被感染文件 5.virus dictionary病毒字典 6.數(shù)據(jù)捕獲data capture 7.惡意軟件malicious software 8.病毒特征代碼virus signature 9.防病毒軟件antivirus software 10.內(nèi)存駐留程序memory-resident program

1.maintenance hook維護(hù)陷阱 2.multipartite virus多成分病毒

3.authentication procedure驗(yàn)證過(guò)程,認(rèn)證過(guò)程 4.instant messaging即時(shí)通信,即時(shí)消息 5.系統(tǒng)登錄程序system login program 6.邏輯炸彈logic bomb

7.多威脅惡意軟件multiple-threat malware 8.源代碼source code 第十一章:

1.mailing list郵件發(fā)送清單,郵件列表

2.proprietary software專(zhuān)有軟件 3.cc line抄送行 4.bcc line密送行

5.forwarded e-mail message轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的電子郵件 6.e-mail convention電子郵件常規(guī) 7.click on an icon點(diǎn)擊圖標(biāo)

8.confidential document密件,秘密文件 9.classified information密級(jí)信息

10.recovered e-mail message恢復(fù)的電子郵件 11.常用情感符commonly used emoticon 12.已刪除電子郵件deleted e-mail 13.電子系統(tǒng)electronic system 14.附件行Attachments line 15.版權(quán)法copyright law

16.電子郵件網(wǎng)規(guī)e-mail netiquette 17.信息高速公路information superhighway 18.簽名文件signature file

19.電子數(shù)據(jù)表程序spreadsheet program 20.文字處理軟件word processor

1.web-authoring software網(wǎng)絡(luò)寫(xiě)作軟件

2.template generator模版生成程序 3.navigation page導(dǎo)航頁(yè)面 4.corporate logo公司標(biāo)識(shí) 5.splash page醒目頁(yè)面,過(guò)渡頁(yè) 6.導(dǎo)航條navigation bar 7.節(jié)點(diǎn)頁(yè)面node page 8.網(wǎng)站地圖site map

9.可用性測(cè)試usability testing

10.圖形交換格式gif(Graphics Interchange Format)

1.message board留言板,消息板

2.software vendor軟件供應(yīng)商,軟件廠(chǎng)商 3.anonymous message匿名消息 4.video clip視頻剪輯,視頻片段 5.過(guò)濾軟件filtering software 6.版權(quán)侵犯copyright infringement 7.網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性network neutrality 8.網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營(yíng)商network operator 第十二章:

1.customized marketing strategy定制的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略 2.B2G transaction企業(yè)對(duì)政府交易 3.dial-up modem撥號(hào)調(diào)制解調(diào)器

4.dot-com bust網(wǎng)絡(luò)不景氣 5.smart card智能卡 6.digital piracy數(shù)字盜版 7.dot-com boom網(wǎng)絡(luò)繁榮

8.C2C transaction消費(fèi)者對(duì)消費(fèi)者交易 9.Web auction site拍賣(mài)網(wǎng)站 10.fingerprint reader指紋讀取器

11.射頻識(shí)別裝置radio-frequency identification(RFID)device

12.電子數(shù)據(jù)交換electronic data interchange(EDI)13.庫(kù)存管理技術(shù)inventory management technology 14.知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)intellectual property 15.條形碼bar code

16.貨幣兌換currency conversion 17.電子圖書(shū)electronic book 18.視網(wǎng)膜掃描儀retina scanner

19.個(gè)人數(shù)字助理personal digital assistant(PDA)20.企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)電子商務(wù)B2B electronic commerce 1.software suite軟件套件 2.text box文本框

3.virtual checkout counter虛擬付款臺(tái)

4.static catalog靜態(tài)目錄 5.browser session瀏覽器會(huì)話(huà)期 6.動(dòng)態(tài)目錄dynamic catalog

7.購(gòu)物車(chē)軟件shopping cart software 8.供應(yīng)鏈supply chain

9.企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃軟件enterprise resource planning(ERP)software 10.稅率tax rate

1.privacy policy隱私政策

2.identity theft身份(信息)盜取

3.affiliate marketing聯(lián)屬網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷(xiāo),聯(lián)盟營(yíng)銷(xiāo) 4.postal money order郵政匯票 5.零售網(wǎng)站retail website 6.信用卡credit card 7.貨到付款cash on delivery 8.安全套接層Secure Sockets Layer

第三篇:導(dǎo)游英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題

Unit 1 Receiving the Guests 1.國(guó)內(nèi)航線(xiàn) domestic flight 2.海關(guān)手續(xù) customs formalities 3.手提行李 hand luggage 4.航班號(hào) flight number 5.免稅商店 duty-free shop 6..旅客聯(lián) passenger coupon 7.行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)牌 baggage claim card 8.入境簽證 entry visa 9.軟臥 soft berth 10.旅客通道 passenger route 1.海關(guān)行李申報(bào)單customs luggage declaration form 2.非隨身載運(yùn)行李unaccompanied baggage 3.行李過(guò)磅處luggage check-in counter 4.停車(chē)場(chǎng) parking area 5.轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)旅客transfer passenger 6.機(jī)場(chǎng)問(wèn)詢(xún)處airport inquires 7.旅游團(tuán)領(lǐng)隊(duì)tour leader 8.時(shí)差time difference 9.禁煙室non-smoking room 10.接待計(jì)劃reception program 1.有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái),不亦樂(lè)乎!

What a great joy it is to have friends from afar.2.我的職責(zé)就是為你鋪平道路,回答你提出的任何問(wèn)題和盡我所能地幫助你。My job is to smooth your way, answer any questions you have and assist you in whatever way I can.3.相互訪(fǎng)問(wèn)是旅游業(yè)的真正目的,這將使我們的人民更接近,并促進(jìn)世界和平。

Mutual visits are the real aim and object of tourism and it will bring people closer and promote peace in the word.4.我將確保你們有充足的時(shí)間輕松輕松。

I’ll make sure that you have sufficient time to relax.5.旅行中最愉快的事是交到一個(gè)真正的朋友。

The best that we find in our travels is an honest friend.Unit 2 On the Way to the Hotel 1.自然保護(hù)區(qū) natural reserve 2.水上公園 water park 3.風(fēng)景點(diǎn) scenic spots 4.民俗風(fēng)情 folk custom 5.人造奇跡 man-made wonders 6.國(guó)際雜技節(jié)International Acrobatic Festival 7.名勝古跡 places of historic interests 8.黃鶴樓 Yellow Crane Tower 9.魚(yú)米之鄉(xiāng) the land of fish and rice 10.建筑技術(shù) construction technology 1.市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)market economy 2.亞熱帶季風(fēng)濕潤(rùn)性氣候 subtropical monsoon humid climate 3.活化石living fossil

4.水力資源 hydroelectric resource 5.世界文化遺產(chǎn)world cultural heritage 6.盆景園potted--landscape garden 7.海灘飯店beach hotel 8.音樂(lè)噴泉休閑廣場(chǎng)music spring relaxation square 9.九省通衢nine-province thoroughfare 10.古碑廊ancient tablet corridor 1.武漢市是湖北省省會(huì),中國(guó)六大城市之一,中國(guó)中部地區(qū)工業(yè)、金融、商業(yè)、科學(xué)、文化、教育的中心,是集鐵路、水路、公路、航空和郵政于一體的重要樞紐。Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, is one of the six large cities in China.It is the center of industry, finance, trade, science, culture and education in central China, and also the important hub in railway, waterway, highway, aviation, post and communication.2.武漢交通便利在歷史上早負(fù)盛名,自古以來(lái)就有“九省通衢”的美譽(yù)。

Wuhan has long been well-known for its convenience of transportation in Chinese history, and it has always been known as “the Thoroughfare to Nine Provinces” from the ancient time.3.屹立于蛇山之巔黃鶴樓高聳入云,成為武漢市的象征,是中外游客向往的地方。The Yellow Crane Tower standing high on the top of Snake Hill is the symbol of Wuhan city.It’s a great attraction for the tourists both home and abroad.4.位于武昌東湖西岸的湖北省博物館,收藏有曾侯乙編鐘、越王勾踐劍吳王夫差矛等各種稀世珍品。

Located on the west bank of the East Lake, Hubei Museum has a collection of rare treasures as Chime Bells of Marquis Yi of Zeng, Sword of Gou Jian, King of Yue, and Spear of Fu Chai, King of Wu, 5.江漢路步行商業(yè)街是武漢最繁華的商業(yè)區(qū)之一,類(lèi)似于北京的“王府井”和上海的“南京路”。在不寬的街道兩旁,鱗次櫛比的排列著各種商店、專(zhuān)賣(mài)店、快餐店和銀行、影樓等。

Commercial Pedestrian Street on Jianghan Road is one of the most prosperous shopping centers in the city, just like Wangfujing in Beijing,or Nanjing Road in Shanghai.Along the not-wide street line various kinds of stores, specialty shops, fast food restaurants, banks, photo studios and so on.Unit 3 Arriving at the Hotel 1.觀光旅行 sightseeing travel 2.抵離時(shí)間 arrival and departure time 3.辦手續(xù) go through the formalities 4.合單結(jié)賬 on bill for all 5.儲(chǔ)存貴重物品 store the valuables 6.外幣兌換 foreign currency exchange 7.問(wèn)詢(xún)部 the information desk 8.值班經(jīng)理 duty manager 9.前臺(tái)收銀員 front office cashier 10.兌換限額currency exchange limit 1.要求住宿類(lèi)型type of accommodation desired 2.預(yù)付現(xiàn)金cash in advance 3.離店現(xiàn)付cash payment on departure 4.自動(dòng)開(kāi)賬單automated bill 5.殘疾人專(zhuān)用房ambulatory room 6.留交郵件hold mail 7.臨時(shí)住宿登記表registration form of temporary residence 8.客人住房變動(dòng)單 change slip 9.經(jīng)理助理assistant manager 10.地下停車(chē)場(chǎng)basement car park 1.每個(gè)房間都帶有浴室、電話(huà)和空調(diào)。

Every room is equipped with a bath, a telephone and an air-conditioner.2.這是你們房間的鑰匙,你們的房間在305,服務(wù)員會(huì)把你們帶到房間去的。

Here are the keys to your room, your room number is 305.The bellman will take you to your room.3.這個(gè)酒店是仿古建筑,里面配備了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)特色的家具。

The hotel is an imitation of an ancient architecture, and it is equipped with the Chinese traditional furniture, 4.各位,請(qǐng)注意:我們明天早上七點(diǎn)半辦理離店手續(xù),請(qǐng)大家在早餐之前將托運(yùn)行李都準(zhǔn)備好并放在門(mén)外。

Attention, please.We will check out at 7:30 tomorrow morning.Please get your checked luggage ready and put them outside the door before having breakfast.5.王太太,您的房間不僅通風(fēng)好,而且看得到整個(gè)湖面的風(fēng)景。

Mrs.Wang, your room is not only airy, but also commanding the view of the whole lake.Unit4 Talking about the Tour Arrangement 1.精選路線(xiàn)selected itinerary 2.附加旅游項(xiàng)目add-ons 3.自由活動(dòng)時(shí)間time for personal arrangements 4.特別服務(wù)要求special service requirement 5.組團(tuán)人數(shù) group size 6.民俗旅游folk custom tour 7.行業(yè)考察旅游trade observation tour 8.路線(xiàn)圖itinerary map 9.旅游者過(guò)夜數(shù)guest night 10.延長(zhǎng)逗留extension of stay 1.國(guó)外派導(dǎo)游的旅行團(tuán)foreign escorted tour 2.最終旅游線(xiàn)路final itinerary 3.全項(xiàng)委托full appointment 4.最暢銷(xiāo)的中國(guó)旅游線(xiàn)路best-selling China-tours 5.娛樂(lè)或變換節(jié)目entertainments and diversions 6.上岸參觀on-shore visit 7.預(yù)計(jì)抵達(dá)時(shí)間estimated time of arrival 8.旅行安排travel arrangements 9.中途小目的地mini-destination area 10.觀光旅行sightseeing tour 1.由于這是一個(gè)大型的貴賓團(tuán),一切都要安排妥當(dāng),不能出差錯(cuò)。

Since this is a big VIP group, everything must be well planned with no mistakes, 2.我想知道那對(duì)老年夫妻有沒(méi)有什么特殊要求呢。

I’d like to know if that old couple have any special needs.3.由于長(zhǎng)江上游持續(xù)下雨,致使水位已經(jīng)超出了警戒線(xiàn)。現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)江三峽已經(jīng)暫時(shí)封航,所以目前坐船游三峽是不可能的。

Constant rain in the upper region of the Yangtze River has unexpectedly raised the river waters to alarming level.And the Three Gorges Rive are now temporarily closed to navigation, so the boat trip through the Three Gorges is now impossible.4.我建議我們先游昆明,然后回重慶再坐船游覽三峽,希望那時(shí)水位已經(jīng)降到安全線(xiàn)以下了。I propose that we visit Kunming first and then come back to Chongqing to make the boat trip.Hopefully the water level will drop to within safety bounds by then.5.我會(huì)盡力安排你們與市長(zhǎng)的見(jiàn)面,但這完全得看他是否能抽得出時(shí)間。

I’ll do my best to arrange for you an interview with the major, but it just depends on the time he can afford.Unit 5 Shopping 1.中國(guó)畫(huà) traditional Chinese painting 2.水彩畫(huà) water color painting 3.草書(shū) cursive hand 4.文房四寶the four treasures of the study 5.象牙雕 ivory carving 6.唐三彩 Tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 7.彩陶 painted pottery 8.景泰藍(lán)花瓶 cloisonné vase 9.檀香扇 sandalwood fan 10.刺繡 embroidery 1.紫砂壺purple clay teapot 2.貝雕畫(huà)shell picture 3.鼻煙壺snuff bottle 4.泥塑clay figure modeling 5.脫胎漆器bodiless lacquerware 6.珠繡glass beaded embroidery 7.繡花cross stitching 8.春聯(lián)Spring Festival couplet 9.素描charcoal drawing 10.真品genuine article 1.福建的脫胎漆器與北京的景泰藍(lán)、景德鎮(zhèn)的瓷器并稱(chēng)為中國(guó)三大傳統(tǒng)工藝品。Fujian bodiless lacquerware and the cloisonné of Beijing, porcelain of Jingdezhen, are reputed as three renowned traditional handicrafts in China.2.中國(guó)畫(huà)以其悠久的歷史、獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格以及鮮明的民族特色而在世界上享有很高的聲譽(yù)。

Chinese traditional painting is highly regarded throughout the world for its long history, original style and distinctive national features.3.我國(guó)刺繡繡工精細(xì),圖案漂亮。

Chinese stitchery beautiful pattered and exquisitely embroidered.4.中國(guó)的手工藝品門(mén)類(lèi)繁多,品種豐富。

The arts and crafts of China are many and varied in categories.5.檀香扇不僅是藝術(shù)欣賞品,也是一種具有實(shí)用價(jià)值的日用品。

The sandalwood fans are not only for ornamental purpose but also for practical use.Unit6 Tours of Historical Sites and Relics 1.故宮 The Palace Museum 2.龍門(mén)石窟 Longmen Grottoes 3.秦始皇兵馬俑The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi-huang 4.樂(lè)山大佛 Giant Buddha of Leshan 5.布達(dá)拉宮 Potala Palace 6.毛主席紀(jì)念堂 Chairman Mao Memorial Hall 7.文化遺產(chǎn)cultural relic 8.天下第一關(guān)No.1 Pass Under Heaven 9.天壇the Temple of Heaven 10.孔廟 Temple of Confucius 1.凱旋門(mén)Arch of Triumph 2.巴黎圣母院Notre Dame de Paris 3.比薩斜塔Leaning Tower of Pisa 4.自由女神像Statue of Liberty 5.時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)Times Square 6.珍珠港Pearl Harbor 7.好望角Cape of Good Hope 8.大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館Metropolitan Museum of Art 9.攝政大街Regent Street 10.尼亞加拉瀑布Niagara Falls 1.黃鶴樓底層大廳高10余米,廳內(nèi)立巨幅壁畫(huà)《白云黃鶴》,取材于仙人“橘皮畫(huà)鶴“的故事。

The hall on the first floor is over 10 meters high.A huge fresco “White Clouds and Yellow Crane” stands inside the hall.The painting originates from the legendary story of “Draw a Crane with Orange Skin”.2.古琴臺(tái),位于漢陽(yáng)龜山西面腳下美麗的月湖之濱。人們熟知的“高山流水”的典故就來(lái)源于此。

The Terrace of Ancient Zither is by the side of Moon Lake at the west foot of Tortoise Hill in Hanyang.The familiar allusion of High Mountains and Flowing Waters, comes from here.3.出土于湖北省隨州市的編鐘被稱(chēng)為世界古代八大奇跡之一。

The chime bells excavated in Suizhou City of Hubei Province are known as one of the eight wonders of the ancient world.4.都江堰位于成都西北57公里處,是公元前250年修筑的一項(xiàng)巨大水利工程。

Dujiang Weir, located about 57 kilometers northwest away from Chengdu, is a great ancient water conservancy project which was built in about B.C.5.紫禁城占地175英畝,四周有護(hù)城河和圍墻圍護(hù),城墻四周建有角樓

The Forbidden City covers an area of 175 acres and is surrounded by a moat and a wall with a watch-tower on each corner.Unit7 City Tours 1.水族館 aquarium 2.傳統(tǒng)文化 traditional culture 3.自然美景 natural beauty 4.商業(yè)區(qū) commercial district 5.工業(yè)園 industrial zone 6.高新技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)Hi-tech Development Zone 7.高速公路 expressway 8.立交橋 flyover 9.地鐵 underground 10.兒童樂(lè)園 children’s playground 1.珠江三角洲Pearl River Delta 2.林蔭大道boulevard 3.市政大廈municipal mansion 4.旅游景點(diǎn)tourist attractions 5.經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)Special Economic Zone 6.主題公園theme park 7.貿(mào)易港trading port 8.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施infrastructure 9.海濱城市seashore city 10.鐵路交通網(wǎng)railway network 1.漢正街小商品市場(chǎng)是中國(guó)中部地區(qū)最大的小商品集散地和批發(fā)市場(chǎng),以其便宜的價(jià)格和齊全的貨物,每天都吸引大量的購(gòu)物者和觀光者。

Hanzhengjie Small Commodities Market is the largest collecting and distributing center and wholesale market dealing in commodities.Reasonable in price and compete in varieties, the market attracts large numbers of businessmen, customers and visitors from all over the country every day.2.歷史上的武漢是中國(guó)“四大名鎮(zhèn)”之一,商業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)多,流通渠道廣,有“貨到武漢活”之說(shuō)。

Historically Wuhan had been one of the “four well-known cities” in China.It boasts widespread business network and numerous circulating channels.A saying goes like that “Any commodity will find a brisk market in Wuhan”.3.武漢市轄九個(gè)城區(qū)、兩個(gè)郊區(qū)和兩個(gè)縣。

There are nine urban districts, two suburban districts and also two counties under Wuhan Municipality.4.重慶的建筑依山而立,城市四面環(huán)山,因而贏得了“山城”的美譽(yù)。

Chongqing is renown as a “mountain city “ because of its buildings on hillsides and mountains surrounding the city.5.武漢地處江漢平原東緣,市區(qū)被長(zhǎng)江和漢水分割成武昌、漢陽(yáng)、漢口三個(gè)鎮(zhèn)。Wuhan is situates on the east edge of Jianghan Plain.Here the Changjiang River converges with Han River, and thus the whole city is separated into three towns known as Wuchang, Hanyang and Hankou.Unit8 Tours of Mountains 1.朝圣的游客 pilgrim 2.登山探險(xiǎn)旅行 mountaineering and adventure tour 3.發(fā)源地 cradle land 4.懸崖峭壁 sheer cliffs and steep mountains 5.道教圣地 the Taoist Holy Place 6.溫泉 hot spring 7.自然景觀 natural wonders 8.常青樹(shù) evergreen trees 9.日出 sunrise 10.海拔 above sea level 1.五岳Five Sacred Mountains 2.世界屋脊the Roof of the World 3.怪石oddly-jagged rocks 4.世界自然遺產(chǎn)World Natural Heritage 5.主峰main peak 6.奇松the fantastic posed pines 7.變幻莫測(cè)的云海the ever-changing sea of clouds 8.地理構(gòu)造geographic structure 9.石柱huge rock column 10.雪峰snowcapped peaks 1.四川峨眉山以其壯麗的積雪山峰、奇異的地下洞穴、小溪、瀑布和稠密茂盛的森林聞名全國(guó)。

Mt.Emei in Sichuan Province is famous throughout China for its magnificent snowcapped peaks, intriguing underground caves, rivulets, waterfalls and dense, lush forests.2.自東晉至清朝,在中國(guó)文化發(fā)展過(guò)程中約有500位名人與廬山有關(guān)。他們的足跡、歷史傳說(shuō)和美麗畫(huà)幅組成了一個(gè)有機(jī)整體,使廬山成為了一座文化名山。

From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty ,about 500 noted personages in the history of China’s cultural development had connections with Lu Shan;their traces ,historical relics ,fairy tales and the beautiful landscape merged into an organic whole, making Mt.Lu a famous mountain of cultures.3.武當(dāng)山不僅有五岳奇、險(xiǎn)、雄、幽、秀各種特色,它還是武當(dāng)拳的發(fā)源地。Wudang Mountain not only has all features of the Five Sacred Mountains----magnificence, precipitousness, uniqueness, quietness and beauty, but also is the cradle of Wudang Boxing.4.長(zhǎng)白山位于吉林省南部,中朝交界的地方。因?yàn)槊磕瓿跚锏酱文甏耗巾敺e雪不化,所以又名白山頭。

Changbaishan is located in the south of Jin Lin Province, on the border of Korea.Since the snow covered on the peak doesn’t melt from autumn to spring of next year, it is also called “Ever White Mountain”.5.1987年9月,武夷山自然保護(hù)區(qū)加入聯(lián)合國(guó)“人與生物圈保留地網(wǎng)組織”,它也是全國(guó)五大重點(diǎn)自然保護(hù)區(qū)之一。

Mount Wu Yi Nature Reserve was listed in “Human and Biosphere Reserve Net Organization ” by United States in September, 1987,and it is also designated by the State Council ad being one of China’s five foremost protected Nature Reserves.Unit9 tours of caves 1絲綢之路the Silk Road 2藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)treasure house 3彩塑colored modeling 4歷史文化價(jià)值historical and cultural value 5石雕stone carving 6碑刻題記tablet carving inscription 7佛塔Buddhist Pagoda 8文物cultural relic 9木質(zhì)建筑wooden architecture 10藏經(jīng)洞sutra cave 1風(fēng)化侵蝕weathering denudation 2婚喪儀式wedding and funeral ceremonies 3摩崖造像cliff side sculpture 4碑帖stone rubbing 5修復(fù)工作the restoration work 6濕度the moisture level 7流沙drifting sand 8碑亭pavilion housing a tablet 9石窟造像grotto sculpture 10稀世珍品rare treasure 1著名的龍門(mén)石窟就密布在伊水兩岸長(zhǎng)達(dá)一千公里的兩山崖壁上,它同甘肅敦煌的莫高窟、山西大同云岡石窟并稱(chēng)為中國(guó)三大石刻藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)。

Together with Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang City of Gansu Province, Yungang Grottoes in Datong City of Shanxi Province, Longmen Grottoes are known as the three great sculpture treasure houses of China.2龍門(mén)石窟是佛教文化的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn),但它也折射出當(dāng)時(shí)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)文化時(shí)尚。Although Longmen Grottoes are an artistic representation of Buddhist culture, it reflects political, economic, as well as social cultural states of that time.3古老的藝術(shù)、優(yōu)美的環(huán)境和方便的交通,龍門(mén)石窟吸引了國(guó)內(nèi)外眾多的學(xué)者和游人。With old culture, beautiful surroundings and convenient transportation, Longmen Grottoes attract a large number of scholars and visitors at home and abroad.4以“中國(guó)最大的泥塑藝術(shù)博物館”而享譽(yù)國(guó)內(nèi)外的麥積山石窟位于甘肅省天水市東南,因山形像一個(gè)巨大的草垛,故命名為麥積山。

Maijishan Grottoes which have won the reputation of “the largest clay modeling art museum in China” at home and abroad are located in the southeast of Tianshui City of Gansu Province.Since the mountain shape is like a giant haystack, it’s named Maijishan.5云岡石窟保留的衣冠服飾、建筑風(fēng)格、音樂(lè)舞蹈等形象為研究我國(guó)古代文化藝術(shù)提供了豐富的實(shí)物資料。

The images of the costumes, architecture style, music and dances provide a rich practicality material for the research of our ancient culture and art.Unit 10 tours of river and lakes 1垂柳weeping willow 2泄洪閘flood discharge gate 3沙灘浴場(chǎng)beach bathing place 4黃金水道golden watercourse 5文化藝術(shù)走廊cultural art gallery 6內(nèi)河inland river 7上游the upper reach 8漂流boat drifting 9大運(yùn)河the Grand Canal 10三峽大壩工程the Three-Gorges Dam Project 1主要支流principal tributaries 2山水畫(huà)廊the landscape painting gallery 3摩崖石刻carved stone calligraphy 4中國(guó)文明的搖籃the cradle of Chinese civilization 5生態(tài)和水資源保護(hù)工程ecological and water conservancy project 6河床river bed 7乘船游覽boat excursion 8流域面積drainage area 9古棧道ancient plank road 10懸崖陡壁sheer cliff 1秀麗的山水,豐富的植被,濃郁的楚風(fēng)情和別致的園中園是東湖風(fēng)景區(qū)的四大特點(diǎn)。East Lake Scenic Spots are characterized by the beautiful scenery, abundant vegetation, typical Chu custom, and the unique style of gardens within gardens.2三峽兩岸懸崖峭壁,江中灘峽相間,被海內(nèi)外游客譽(yù)為“山水畫(huà)廊”和“黃金水道”。

With deep precipice and overhanging rocks on each side, many shoals one after another, the Yangtze Gorges were praised as “the Landscape Painting Gallery” and ” Golden Watercourse”.3瞿塘峽又名夔峽,雄踞長(zhǎng)江之首,西起白帝城,東至巫山大溪鎮(zhèn),全長(zhǎng)33公里,以其雄奇險(xiǎn)峻而著稱(chēng)。

Qutang Gorge is also called Kui Gorge.Lying in the start of Yangtze River, west to Baidicheng and east to Daxi Town, it is 33 kilometers long and is famous for its grand, peculiar and steep scenery.4巫峽全長(zhǎng)42公里,山高入云,有巫山十二峰神奇天下,其中以神女峰最為俏麗。The Wu Gorge is 42 kilometers long, and the mountains are very high.The twelve peaks of Wu Mountain are wonders in the world, among them the Fairy Peak is the most beautiful one.5西陵峽是三峽中最長(zhǎng)最險(xiǎn)的一個(gè)峽。整個(gè)峽區(qū)都有高山、峽谷、險(xiǎn)灘、暗礁;峽中有峽,灘中有灘,因此古人曾說(shuō)此處“灘如竹節(jié)稠,都是鬼見(jiàn)愁”。

Xiling Gorge is the longest and the most dangerous one of the Yangtze River.The high mountains, canyons, dangerous shoals and reefs can be seen everywhere in this area;gorges link gorges and shoals connect shoals.So the ancient people had ever described it like this:” The number of shoals is like the bamboo joint, and even the ghost worries about it”.Unit 11 Tours of Temples 1,大雄寶殿 the Grand Hall 2,羅漢堂 the Hall of Arhats 3,鐘鼓樓 Bell Tower and Drum Tower 4,素菜館 vegetarian restaurant 5,西方圣經(jīng) the Holy Triad of the West 6,極樂(lè)世界 the paradise of the west(Sukhavati)7,苦海無(wú)邊 the endless sea of suffering 8,誦經(jīng) chanting sutra 9,臥佛 Reclining Buddha 10,完美建筑 perfect architecture 1.celestial being 神仙

2.The Four Major Protectors 四大天王 3.Buddhist monastic name 法號(hào) 4.Meditation room 禪堂

5.Mahayana Buddhism 大乘佛教 6.previous existence 前世 7.afterlife 來(lái)世

8.release souls from suffering超度 9.the boundless universe 大千世界 10.relief sculpture 浮雕雕塑

1,歸元寺為湖北省四大佛教基地之一,也是全國(guó)重點(diǎn)佛教寺院,是省級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位。Guiyuan Temple is one of the four great Buddhist bases in Hubei Province ,a key Buddhist temple in China ,and a provincial key relic spot.2,白馬寺是佛教傳入中國(guó)后所建的第一座佛寺,相傳佛經(jīng)是用白馬從印度迎歸洛陽(yáng),故建寺后以“白馬”命名。

The White Horse Temple is the first Buddhist temple since Buddhism was introduced to China.It was said that the sutra was carried by a white horse from India to Luoyang, so it was named after “White Horse” after its construction.3,上海的玉佛寺以存有兩尊罕見(jiàn)的佛像著稱(chēng),每尊用整塊白色緬甸玉雕刻而成。The Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai is famous for two rare statues of Buddha, each carved out of a single piece of white Burmese jade.4,喀什清真寺是一座規(guī)模宏大的伊斯蘭教建筑物,也是我國(guó)最大的清真寺之一。Karshgar mosque is a grand architecture of Islam, and is also one of the largest mosques in China.5,寶通寺位于武昌洪山南麓,洪山寶塔為其標(biāo)致性建筑。

Baotong Temple lies at the south of Hongshan in Wuchang.Hongshan Tower is the representative building in Baotong Temple.Unit 12 Departure 1,機(jī)場(chǎng)建設(shè)費(fèi) airport construction fee 2,登機(jī)牌 boarding card 3,安全檢查 security check 4,普通艙 economy class 5,告別演說(shuō) farewell speech 6,免費(fèi)行李限額 free baggage allowance 7,超重費(fèi) excess baggage charge 8,登機(jī)口 boarding gate 9,海關(guān)官員 customs officer 10,返程票 return ticket 1.group visa 集體簽證

2.Departure lounge 出境旅客休息室 3.board the plane 上機(jī) 4.take off 起飛

5.exit visa 出境簽證 6.luggage rack 行李架 7.platform ticket 站臺(tái)票

8.express extra ticket 特快票

9.mother-and-child room 母嬰候車(chē)室 10.identity card 身份證

1,我們要在飛機(jī)起飛前一個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng),這樣我們就有時(shí)間辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)和其他手續(xù)。

We’ll have to arrive at the airport something like an hour before the plane takes off so as to have time to go through the Customs and other things.2,這是你的行李牌,這是你的登機(jī)牌。上機(jī)時(shí)你得出示登機(jī)牌。

This is your luggage tag, and this is your boarding card.You’ll have to show the boarding card when you board the plane.3,請(qǐng)照看好你們的機(jī)票和手提行李。

Please take care of your ticket and hand luggage.4,請(qǐng)代我向你的家人問(wèn)好,我希望我們能夠常聯(lián)系。

Please take my best regards to your family.I hope we’ll keep in touch.5,這些事意見(jiàn)征詢(xún)表,郵資已付。請(qǐng)將它們填好,并在你登記之前投進(jìn)郵箱里。Here are some evaluation forms, postage paid.Please fill them out and drop them in the mailbox before you board the plane.

第四篇:計(jì)算機(jī)文化基礎(chǔ)課后習(xí)題答案

大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)文化基礎(chǔ)課后習(xí)題答案

第1章

一、思考題(略)

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題

1.B

2.B

3.B.C

5.D

6.D

7.B

8.A

9.A

10.D

11.B

12.A

13.C

14.A

15.D

三、填空題

1.21 2.101000101.01

3.567 8. 2k

4.100000001000 9.外碼

14.655 360

5.100000001000 10.ASCII 15.字長(zhǎng)

6.三、四

7. CAD 11.人工智能

12.計(jì)算機(jī)

13.1024

四、判斷題

1.T 10.T 2.F 11.T 3.F 12.F

4.T 13.T

5.T 14.T

6.F 15.T

7.F

8.F

9.T

第2章

一、思考題(略)

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題

1.C.B

3.C.C 5.A

6.D

7.B

8.B

9.B

10.C

11.B

12.A

13.D 14.B 15.D

三、填空題

1.寄存器

9.字長(zhǎng)

2.微處理器 10.系統(tǒng)總線(xiàn)

3.外部設(shè)備

4.硬件系統(tǒng)和軟件系統(tǒng)

5.地址碼

8.處理器或CPU 13.用戶(hù)

11.?dāng)?shù)據(jù)量

12.越寬

6.指令系統(tǒng)

7.計(jì)算器、控制器、存儲(chǔ)器、輸入設(shè)備和輸出設(shè)備

14.高級(jí)語(yǔ)言 15.外部存儲(chǔ)器

四、判斷題

1.F 10.T 2.T 11.T 3.T 12.F

4.T 13.T

5.T 14.T

6.T 15.F

7.T 16.F

8.F

9.T

第3章

一、思考題(略)

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題 1.D

2.B

3.D

4.D

5.B

6.B

7.A 8.C 9.D

10.A

11.D

12.C

13.C

14.B 15.C

16.C 17.A

三、填空題

1.【Shift+Delete】 2.打開(kāi)控制菜單;關(guān)閉窗口 3.單擊此命令將打開(kāi)一個(gè)對(duì)話(huà)框;該命令已經(jīng)起作用;該命令后有一個(gè)子菜單;該命令當(dāng)前無(wú)法使用;快捷鍵;在不打開(kāi)菜單時(shí)執(zhí)行選擇的命令 4.開(kāi)始;關(guān)閉計(jì)算機(jī);關(guān)閉 5.對(duì)象鏈接與嵌入 6.幫助和支持;“?”按鈕

四、是非判斷題 1.T 10.T 2.F 3.T 11.T

4.F

5.T

6.F

7.T

8.F

9.T

第4章

一、思考題

1.答:?jiǎn)螕粲?jì)算機(jī)屏幕左下角的“開(kāi)始”菜單中的Word 2007圖標(biāo),就可以打開(kāi)Word 2007創(chuàng)建文檔;單擊Word 2007主界面右上角的關(guān)閉按鈕,就可以關(guān)閉文檔;單擊計(jì)算機(jī)中已有的任意一個(gè)Word文檔,就可以打開(kāi)該文檔。

2.答:首先選中 Word 2007文檔中要操作的內(nèi)容。對(duì)于復(fù)制,單擊“剪貼板”命令組中的“復(fù)制”圖標(biāo),然后移動(dòng)光標(biāo)到要添加內(nèi)容的地方,單擊“粘貼”命令,就可以完成選中內(nèi)容的復(fù)制;對(duì)于移動(dòng),單擊“剪貼板”組中的“剪切”圖標(biāo),然后將光標(biāo)指向文檔中要移動(dòng)到的地方,單擊“粘貼”命令,就可以完成選中內(nèi)容的移動(dòng)。對(duì)于刪除,在選中內(nèi)容后,直接按Delete鍵就可以完成選中內(nèi)容的刪除;

3.答:先選中 Word 2007文檔中要操作的內(nèi)容。對(duì)于設(shè)置文字對(duì)齊方式,再單擊“開(kāi)始”選項(xiàng)卡-“段落”命令組中的幾種對(duì)齊圖標(biāo)即可。對(duì)于設(shè)置段落行距,再單擊“開(kāi)始”選項(xiàng)卡-“段落”命令組右下角的小對(duì)角箭頭,在出現(xiàn)的對(duì)話(huà)框中設(shè)置段落行距即可。

4.答:首先選中 Word 2007文檔中要操作的文字內(nèi)容。再單擊“開(kāi)始”選項(xiàng)卡-“字體”命令組中相應(yīng)的字體、字號(hào)、文字顏色圖標(biāo)即可。

5.答:首先移動(dòng)光標(biāo)到要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建新表格的插入點(diǎn)處,再單擊“插入”選項(xiàng)卡-“表格”命令,在出現(xiàn)的對(duì)話(huà)框中選擇相應(yīng)的表格項(xiàng)目即可創(chuàng)建新表格,并能指定表格的行高和列寬。

6.答:首先將光標(biāo)移動(dòng)到要操作的表格單元格,在出現(xiàn)的“表格工具”選項(xiàng)卡中選擇“繪制表格”或“擦除”命令,即可對(duì)表格的單元格邊框線(xiàn)進(jìn)行手工添加或擦除,實(shí)現(xiàn)單元格的合并與拆分。

7.答:先選中要設(shè)置的Word文檔,再單擊“開(kāi)始”選項(xiàng)卡-“頁(yè)面設(shè)置”命令組中的“紙張大小”、“頁(yè)邊距”、“紙張方向”等命令即可進(jìn)行頁(yè)面設(shè)置。

8.答:工作簿是存儲(chǔ)和處理數(shù)據(jù)的一個(gè)文件,工作表是由若干行和若干列構(gòu)成的一個(gè)電子表格。一個(gè)工作簿由多個(gè)工作表組成,系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的每個(gè)工作簿有3個(gè)工作表,根據(jù)需要可以插入更多的工作表。

9.答:Excel 2007的基本數(shù)據(jù)單元是工作表中的單元格。單元格中可以直接表示各種類(lèi)型的數(shù)據(jù)。單元格的地址由列字符和行號(hào)組成,有三種表示方法:相對(duì)地址、絕對(duì)地址、混合地址。

相對(duì)地址:由列字符和行號(hào)組成,如B5。絕對(duì)地址:在列字符和行號(hào)前分別加上$符號(hào),如$B$5。混合地址:在列字符或行號(hào)前加上$符號(hào),如$B5、D$5。

10.答:打開(kāi)Excel 2007,系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)建立的工作簿有三個(gè)工作表。如果還要添加工作表,先選定一個(gè)工作表標(biāo)簽,作為插入新工作表的位置,再單擊“開(kāi)始”選項(xiàng)卡“單元格”組“插入”命令右邊的小三角,在出現(xiàn)的“插入”命令對(duì)話(huà)框中,選擇“插入工作表”,則一張新的工作表被插入到選定的位置,重復(fù)以上操作可以插入更多的工作表。

11.答:在Excel 2007中先選中單元格,然后單擊“開(kāi)始”選項(xiàng)卡-“單元格”組的“格式”命令,可以直接設(shè)置單元格的格式。

12.答:首先選定數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域,用鼠標(biāo)指向被選定數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域的邊框線(xiàn),當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)指針變?yōu)榭招募^時(shí),按住鼠標(biāo)左鍵拖動(dòng)選定區(qū)域到目標(biāo)位置,再釋放鼠標(biāo),選定區(qū)域中的數(shù)據(jù)被移動(dòng)到目標(biāo)位置。如果在拖動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)的過(guò)程中按住Ctrl鍵,則選定區(qū)域中的數(shù)據(jù)被復(fù)制到目標(biāo)位置。也可以選定數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域后,利用剪切板上的剪切、復(fù)制、粘貼按鈕實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的復(fù)制或移動(dòng)。

13.答:打開(kāi) PowerPoint 2007,系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)建立演示文稿,此外,也可以打開(kāi)現(xiàn)有的任意一個(gè)演示文稿,用改變文件名的方法,另存儲(chǔ)需要建立的演示文稿。

14.答:打開(kāi) PowerPoint 2007演示文稿,在“開(kāi)始”選項(xiàng)卡-“幻燈片”組中選擇“版式”命令,可以在提供的各種版式中選擇需要的版式。

15.答:打開(kāi) PowerPoint 2007演示文稿,單擊“Microsoft Office 按鈕”,選擇“打印”旁的箭頭,然后單擊“打印預(yù)覽”。在彈出的“打印預(yù)覽”選項(xiàng)卡“打印”組中,單擊“打印”命令,彈出“打印”窗口,在“打印內(nèi)容”框中選擇講義,再選擇一頁(yè)內(nèi)要打印的幻燈片數(shù),按“確定”按鈕就可進(jìn)行講義打印。

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題 1.C 10.B 19.D 28.C 37.B 2.A 11.B 20.D 29.B 38.C 3.C 12.B 21.D 30.D

4.B 13.C 22.B 31.D

5.B 14.C 23.C 32.C

6.C 15.A 24.D 33.B

7.D 16.C 25.B 34.D

8.B 17.A 26.D 35.B

9.D 18.A 27.B 36.C

三、填空題

1..docX 2.光標(biāo)左 3.光標(biāo)

4.快速工具,保存

5.OFFICE,另存為 6.從內(nèi)存中清除

7.剪貼板,剪切 8.剪貼板,粘貼

9.查找和替換 10.Enter,一個(gè)段落,新段落,格式 11.兩,插入和繪制

12.選中文字 13.頁(yè)面 14.頁(yè)面,普通

15.打印預(yù)覽 16..xlsx 17.Book1 Sheet1 18.相對(duì)地址,絕對(duì)地址,混合地址

四、判斷題 1.F 10.F 2.F 11.F 3.T 12.F

4.F 13.F

5.F 14.F

6.F 15.T

7.F 16.T

8.T 17.F

9.T 18.T

第5章

一、思考題:

1.答:把多個(gè)具有獨(dú)立功能的計(jì)算機(jī)通過(guò)通信設(shè)備及傳輸媒體互聯(lián)起來(lái),在通信軟件的支持下,實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)間資源共享、信息交換或協(xié)同工作的系統(tǒng),稱(chēng)為計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信、資源管理、網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理和互動(dòng)操作的能力。計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)與通信技術(shù)的結(jié)合。

2.答:常用的傳輸介質(zhì)有兩大類(lèi):有線(xiàn)和無(wú)線(xiàn)。(1)有線(xiàn)介質(zhì)有:雙絞線(xiàn)、同軸電纜和光纖。(2)無(wú)線(xiàn)介質(zhì)有:無(wú)線(xiàn)電波、微波和紅外線(xiàn)。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主要連接設(shè)備有:網(wǎng)絡(luò)適配器、集線(xiàn)器、交換機(jī)、中繼器、網(wǎng)橋、路由器、網(wǎng)關(guān)、調(diào)制解調(diào)器等。

3.答:局域網(wǎng):局域網(wǎng)指在有限的地理區(qū)域內(nèi)構(gòu)成的規(guī)模相對(duì)較小的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò),其覆蓋范圍一般不超過(guò)十公里。局域網(wǎng)常被用于聯(lián)接公司辦公室、中小企業(yè)、政府機(jī)關(guān)或一個(gè)校園內(nèi)分散的計(jì)算機(jī)和工作站,以便共享資源(如打印機(jī)、繪圖儀)和交換信息。從介質(zhì)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)控制方法的角度,局域網(wǎng)可分為共享介質(zhì)式局域網(wǎng)與交換式局域網(wǎng)兩類(lèi)。

城域網(wǎng):城域網(wǎng)是介于廣域網(wǎng)與局域網(wǎng)之間的一種高速網(wǎng)絡(luò);城域網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)是要滿(mǎn)足幾十公里范圍內(nèi)的大量企業(yè)、機(jī)關(guān)、公司的多個(gè)局域網(wǎng)互連的需求;實(shí)現(xiàn)大量用戶(hù)之間的數(shù)據(jù)、語(yǔ)音、圖形與視頻等多種信息的傳輸功能;城域網(wǎng)在技術(shù)上與局域網(wǎng)相似。廣域網(wǎng):廣域網(wǎng)也稱(chēng)為遠(yuǎn)程網(wǎng);覆蓋的地理范圍從幾十公里到幾千公里;覆蓋一個(gè)國(guó)家、地區(qū),或橫跨幾個(gè)洲,形成國(guó)際性的遠(yuǎn)程網(wǎng)絡(luò);通信子網(wǎng)主要使用分組交換技術(shù);它將分布在不同地區(qū)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)互連起來(lái),達(dá)到資源共享的目的。

4.答:星型:建網(wǎng)容易,對(duì)中心節(jié)點(diǎn)依賴(lài)大。樹(shù)型:適于相鄰層通信較多情況。總線(xiàn)型:結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單靈活性能好。環(huán)型:數(shù)據(jù)單向流動(dòng)。

5.答:域名是一種字符型的主機(jī)命名機(jī)制,因?yàn)椴捎媒y(tǒng)一的IP地址來(lái)識(shí)別因特網(wǎng)上的主機(jī),屏蔽底層的物理地址,雖然給應(yīng)用取得了很大的方便。然而,對(duì)于一般用戶(hù)來(lái)說(shuō),以點(diǎn)分隔開(kāi)的數(shù)字型的IP地址方式還是太抽象,難于記憶和理解。為了便于一般用戶(hù)使用所以需要它。

6.Internet的中文名稱(chēng)是因特網(wǎng),是一組全球信息資源的名稱(chēng),這些資源的量非常大,甚至沒(méi)有人通曉Internet 的全部?jī)?nèi)容。它的最基本的功能有:網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息服務(wù)(WWW); 電子郵件(E-Mail)服務(wù);文件傳輸服務(wù)(FTP);遠(yuǎn)程登錄服務(wù)(Telnet);電子公告牌服務(wù)(BBS);網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞服務(wù);電子商務(wù);網(wǎng)上交際。

7.答:HTTP是超超文本傳輸協(xié)議,即Hypertext Transfer Protocol,它是在客戶(hù)機(jī)/服務(wù)器模型上發(fā)展起來(lái)的信息分布方式。通過(guò)客戶(hù)機(jī)和服務(wù)器彼此互相發(fā)送消息的方式進(jìn)行工作。

8.答:是實(shí)現(xiàn)模擬信號(hào)與數(shù)字信號(hào)的轉(zhuǎn)換。數(shù)字信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成為模擬信號(hào),稱(chēng)為調(diào)制;模擬信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字信號(hào),稱(chēng)為解調(diào)。

9.答:網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)的主要功能有以下四項(xiàng):網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信、資源管理、提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)和提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口。

10.答:IP地址是由地址類(lèi)別、網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào)與主機(jī)號(hào)三部分組成的,如下圖所示。其中,地址類(lèi)別用來(lái)標(biāo)識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)類(lèi)型,網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào)用來(lái)標(biāo)識(shí)一個(gè)邏輯網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機(jī)號(hào)用來(lái)標(biāo)識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的一臺(tái)主機(jī)。一臺(tái)Internet主機(jī)至少有一個(gè)IP地址,而且這個(gè)IP地址是全網(wǎng)惟一的。

IP地址是以32位二進(jìn)制數(shù)的形式表示的,這種形式非常不適合閱讀和記憶,因此,為了便于用戶(hù)閱讀和理解IP地址,Internet管理委員會(huì)采用了一種“點(diǎn)分十進(jìn)制”表示方法來(lái)表示IP地址。

IP地址按照網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模大小以及使用目的的不同,可以將Internet的IP地址分為5種類(lèi)型,包括A類(lèi)、B類(lèi)、C類(lèi)、D類(lèi)和E類(lèi)。

二、選擇題: 1.A

2.A

3.C

4.D

5.C 8.D

9.B 10.D 11.D 12.D 15.D

16.A 17.C 18.D 19.D 22.D

23.A 24.B 25.A 26.C 29.D

30.B 31.B 32.D 33.C 36.B

37.A 38.B 39.C 40.A 43.A

44.C 45.B 46.D 47.C

三、填充題:

6.C

7.C

13.C 14.A 20.A 21.C

27.C 28.B 34.A 35.C 41.B 42.C 48.B 49.B 1.網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?/p>

2.傳輸層、網(wǎng)際層 3.區(qū)域名、類(lèi)型名 4.Ipconfig 5.服務(wù)器 6.郵件服務(wù)器(@右邊的字符表示郵件服務(wù)器、@左邊的字符表示郵箱)7.服務(wù)器 8.物理層 9.附件

10.同軸電纜、雙絞線(xiàn)、光纖、無(wú)線(xiàn)方式 11.局域網(wǎng)、城域網(wǎng)、廣域網(wǎng)

12.域名、IP地址 13.電子郵件、萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)、文件傳輸和遠(yuǎn)程登錄 14.

32、128

15.域名解析 16.局域網(wǎng)、城域網(wǎng)、廣域網(wǎng) 17.Ping 18.服務(wù)器 19.網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址、主機(jī)地址 20.本地計(jì)算機(jī)、遠(yuǎn)程計(jì)算機(jī)、遠(yuǎn)程計(jì)算機(jī)、本地計(jì)算機(jī)

四、判斷題

1.F

2.T

3.F

4.F

5.T

6.T

7.T

8.T 9.F

10.T

11.T

12.F

13.T

14.F

15.T 16.T

17.T

18.T

19.T

20.T

第6章

一、思考題

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題

1.A 9.A 2.B.10.D 3.C

4.A

5.A

6.B

7.D

8.A

三、填空題

1.說(shuō)明部分和執(zhí)行部分 5.范圍;存儲(chǔ)方式

2.機(jī)器語(yǔ)言、匯編語(yǔ)言 6.分程序結(jié)構(gòu)

3.面向?qū)ο?/p>

4.編譯型

8.編譯;連接

7.算法設(shè)計(jì);編寫(xiě)代碼

9.自頂向下;逐步求精

13.正確性;可讀性

10.順序結(jié)構(gòu);分支結(jié)構(gòu);循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)

11.當(dāng)型循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu);直到型循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)

12.確定性;有窮性;輸入;輸出;可執(zhí)行性

15.迭代法

14.?dāng)?shù)值計(jì)算;非數(shù)值計(jì)算

四、判斷題

1.T 9.F 2.F 10.F 3.F 11.F

4.F 12.T

5.T 13.T

6.F

7.T

8.T

第7章

一、思考題 略

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題 1.B 10.D 19.C 28.C 2.C 11.D 20.D 3.A 12.A 21.D

4.D

13.B 22.A

5.B

14.A 23.B

6.B 15.B 24.7.C 16.B 25.D

8.D 17.C 26.B

9.D 18.D 27.B

三、填空題

1.人工管理

文件管理

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng) 3.選擇

2.概念數(shù)據(jù)模型

邏輯數(shù)據(jù)模型

物理數(shù)據(jù)模型

4.字段

5.約束

6.安全性保護(hù)

7.除法

8.實(shí)體

9.層次數(shù)據(jù)模型

10.記錄結(jié)構(gòu) 11.內(nèi)模式

12.數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)

數(shù)據(jù)操作

完整約束

13.概念

數(shù)據(jù)模型

四、判斷題

1.F 9.T 2.T 3.T

4.F

5.T

6.T

7.T

8.T

第8章

一、思考題

1.多樣性、集成性、交互性、數(shù)字化。2.MPC的基本硬件結(jié)構(gòu)有以下7部分:(1)高功能、速度快的CPU;(2)可管理、控制各種極口與設(shè)備的配置;(3)具有一定容量(盡可能大)的存儲(chǔ)空間;(4)高分辨率顯示接口與設(shè)備;(5)可處理音響的接口與設(shè)備;(6)可處理圖像的接口與設(shè)備;(7)可存放大量數(shù)據(jù)的配置

MPC先后公布了3個(gè)等級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):MPC1.0(1991年10月)、MPC2.0(1993年5月)、MPC3.0(1995年6月)。3.MPEG專(zhuān)門(mén)用于視頻編碼的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定。

MPEG-1(VCD標(biāo)準(zhǔn))為工業(yè)級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而設(shè)計(jì),可適用于不同寬帶的設(shè)備,如CD-ROM、VIDEO-CD、CD-1,它實(shí)用于傳輸1.5Mbit/s數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率的數(shù)字存儲(chǔ)媒體運(yùn)動(dòng)圖像及其伴音的編碼MPEG-2(DVD標(biāo)準(zhǔn))設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)是高級(jí)工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的圖像質(zhì)量以及更高的傳輸率,主要針對(duì)高清晰電視(HDTV)的需要,傳輸率在3~10Mbit/s間,與MPEG-1兼容。

MPEG-4很好地結(jié)合了前兩者的優(yōu)點(diǎn),是超低碼率運(yùn)動(dòng)圖像和語(yǔ)言的壓縮標(biāo)準(zhǔn),它不僅針對(duì)一定比特率下的視頻、音頻編碼,更加注重媒體系統(tǒng)的交互性和靈活性。主要應(yīng)用于視像電話(huà)、視像電子郵件、電子新聞等,其傳輸速率要求較低,在4800~64KBIT/S之間。4.主要有3種:CCITTG系列聲音壓縮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、MP3壓縮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、MPEG音頻壓縮MP3是有損壓縮。

5.關(guān)鍵技術(shù):壓縮技術(shù)、存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)。應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域:教育、娛樂(lè)、商業(yè)、電子出版、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。

6.主要區(qū)別有以下兩點(diǎn):(1)DVD采用MPEG-2編碼,VCD采用MPEG-1編碼;因此DVD的圖像清晰。(2)DVD的音響效果比VCD好。

7.多媒體輸入/輸出設(shè)備除常規(guī)配置的鼠標(biāo)、顯示器、打印機(jī)、CD-ROM驅(qū)動(dòng)器等設(shè)備外,還包括光筆、數(shù)碼相機(jī)、觸摸屏、掃描儀、數(shù)字化儀、攝影機(jī)、刻錄光驅(qū)、錄像機(jī)、大屏幕投影儀、音箱、錄音機(jī)。

8.分為五種類(lèi)型:分別是感覺(jué)媒體、表示媒體、表現(xiàn)媒體、存儲(chǔ)媒體、傳輸媒體。9.略。見(jiàn)表示7-1。

10.略。見(jiàn)表示7-2。

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題

1.C

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.C

6.A

7.D

8.C

9.A

10.A

11.D

12.D

13.B

14.A

15.B

二、填空題

1.無(wú)損壓縮編碼

有損壓縮編碼

混合編碼。

2.矢量圖文件中存儲(chǔ)的是一組描述各個(gè)圖元的大小、位置、形狀、顏色、維數(shù)等屬性的指令集合。對(duì)圖形中的各個(gè)圖元進(jìn)行縮放、移動(dòng)、旋轉(zhuǎn)而不失真,而且它占用的存儲(chǔ)空間小。

位圖文件中存儲(chǔ)的是構(gòu)成圖像的每個(gè)像素點(diǎn)的亮度、顏色。對(duì)圖像放大和縮小要失真,占用的空間比矢量文件大。

3.Bit 4.采樣、量化、編碼

5.二進(jìn)制代碼 6.采樣頻率

量化位數(shù)(即采樣精度)

聲道數(shù)

7.圖形文件以矢量圖方式存儲(chǔ)。圖像文件以位圖方式存儲(chǔ)。8.CD-R、CD-RW、DVD±R/RW 9.光驅(qū)

聲卡 10.逐幀動(dòng)畫(huà)

區(qū)間動(dòng)畫(huà) 11.JEPG 12.光盤(pán) 13.采樣 14.幀 15.無(wú)損壓縮和有損壓縮。

四、判斷題

1.T

2.T

3.F

4.T

5.F

6.T

7.T

8.T

9.T

10.F 11.T

12.F

13.T

14.F

15.F

第9章

一、思考題(略)

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題 1.A 2.C 10, A

11.C

三、填空題

1.加密;解密

2.n(n-1)/2

3.私鑰

4.混合加密

5.自主訪(fǎng)問(wèn)

6.包過(guò)濾;應(yīng)用代理

7.包過(guò)濾

8.自我復(fù)制

9.破壞性;傳染性;隱蔽性

10.蠕蟲(chóng);木馬

四、判斷題 3.A 12.C

4.B 13.B

5.D

14.C

6.B 15.B

7.A

8.A

9.B 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.T 11.F 12.T

一、思考題(略)

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題

1.A 2.B 3.B

三、填空題

1.文件壓縮 2.P2P

四、是非判斷題

1.T 2.F 3.T

13.F 14.T 15.T

第10章

4.D

3.圖片查看軟件

4.T

5.F

6.T

4.多線(xiàn)程5.光盤(pán)刻錄

第五篇:近代史課后習(xí)題總結(jié)

怎么認(rèn)識(shí)近代中國(guó)的主要矛盾,社會(huì)性質(zhì)及其基本特征

答:1.資本帝國(guó)主義操縱了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈,控制了中國(guó)的政權(quán),成為支配中國(guó)的主要力量。2.封建勢(shì)力和外國(guó)勢(shì)力相互勾結(jié),成為共同壓迫奴役中國(guó)人民的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)和統(tǒng)治力量。3.新興的名族資本主義發(fā)展緩慢。

4.近代中國(guó)的文化政治經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展極不平衡,中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期處于分裂不統(tǒng)一的狀態(tài) 5.自然經(jīng)濟(jì)遭受到破環(huán),封建地主土地所有制任然存在

6.三座大山壓迫下的中國(guó)廣大人民過(guò)著饑寒交迫毫無(wú)政治權(quán)利的生活

中國(guó)近代歷次反侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)失敗根本原因和教訓(xùn)是什么?

原因:社會(huì)制度的腐敗,裝備落后,軍隊(duì)素質(zhì)低。統(tǒng)治者指導(dǎo)思想的錯(cuò)誤,不了解局勢(shì),不懂御敵之策。經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)的落后此時(shí)西方列強(qiáng)已經(jīng)完成了工業(yè)革命。

教訓(xùn):應(yīng)該充分廣泛地動(dòng)員和組織人民群眾;改變半殖民半封建的制度。經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)上努力發(fā)展。如何認(rèn)識(shí)戊戌維新運(yùn)動(dòng)的意義和失敗的原因,教訓(xùn)。戊戌變法的歷史意義

(1)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)改良運(yùn)動(dòng),符合中國(guó)歷史發(fā)展趨勢(shì),具有進(jìn)步意義。

(2)愛(ài)國(guó)救亡運(yùn)動(dòng),激發(fā)了人民的愛(ài)國(guó)思想和民族意識(shí)。(3)近代中國(guó)第一次思想解放的潮流。在社會(huì)上起了思想啟蒙作用,促進(jìn)了中國(guó)人民的覺(jué)醒。

原因:

1、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者——資產(chǎn)階級(jí)維新派勢(shì)力過(guò)于弱小,而封建頑固勢(shì)力十分強(qiáng)大。(根本原因)(由妥協(xié)軟弱性的階級(jí)本性決定)

2、直接原因——袁世凱的背叛。

3、帝國(guó)主義沒(méi)有給予支持(外部原因)

教訓(xùn):在當(dāng)時(shí)的中國(guó),改良主義的道路是走不通的,中國(guó)近代化的路程是漫長(zhǎng)而又坎坷的。

從中國(guó)內(nèi)部看戊戌變法失敗的原因: 戊戌變法失敗,究其原因,固然與資產(chǎn)階級(jí)維新派采取改良的方法,寄希望于沒(méi)有實(shí)權(quán)的皇帝,寄希望于袁世凱和外國(guó)侵略者,脫離人民群眾有關(guān)

辛亥革命的歷史意義,失敗的原因和教訓(xùn)。

辛亥革命是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的以反對(duì)君主專(zhuān)制制度,建立資產(chǎn)階級(jí)共和國(guó)為目的的革命,是一次比較完全意義上的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主革命。在近代歷史上,辛亥革命是中國(guó)人民為救亡圖存,振興中華而奮起革命的一個(gè)里程碑,它使中國(guó)發(fā)生了歷史性的巨變,具有偉大的歷史意義。1).辛亥革命推翻了封建勢(shì)力的政治代表,帝國(guó)主義在中國(guó)的代理人--清王朝的統(tǒng)治,沉重打擊了中外反革命勢(shì)力,使中國(guó)反動(dòng)統(tǒng)治者在政治上亂了陣腳。在這以后,帝國(guó)主義和封建勢(shì)力在中國(guó)再也不能建立起比較穩(wěn)定的統(tǒng)治,從而為中國(guó)人民斗爭(zhēng)的發(fā)展開(kāi)辟了道路。(2),辛亥革命結(jié)束了統(tǒng)治中國(guó)兩千多年的封建君主專(zhuān)制制度,建立了中國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)共和政府,使民主共和的觀念開(kāi)始深入人心,形成了民主主義觀念。(3),辛亥革命給人們帶來(lái)一次思想上的解放,激發(fā)了人民的愛(ài)國(guó)熱情和民族覺(jué)醒,打開(kāi)了思想之門(mén)。(4),辛亥革命促使社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì),思想習(xí)慣和社會(huì)風(fēng)俗方面發(fā)生了新的積極變化。5)辛亥革命不僅在一定程度上打擊了帝國(guó)主義的侵略勢(shì)力而且推動(dòng)了亞洲各民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的高潮。

失敗原因:1)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)革命的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)在理論上沒(méi)有提出徹底的反帝反封建綱領(lǐng),在行動(dòng)上不愿也不敢正面反對(duì)帝國(guó)主義和徹底推翻封建勢(shì)力。在思想上識(shí)別不清真正的朋友和真正的敵人。(2)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命派不能充分發(fā)動(dòng)和依靠廣大人民群眾,特別是農(nóng)民群眾進(jìn)行反帝反封建斗爭(zhēng),缺乏廣泛的群眾基礎(chǔ)。3)不能建立堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的革命政黨,作為團(tuán)結(jié)一切革命力量的強(qiáng)有力的核心。

教訓(xùn):1).民族資產(chǎn)階級(jí)具有軟弱性和妥協(xié)性,中國(guó)的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)不可能領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國(guó)革命走向勝利。(2).中國(guó)只能走社會(huì)主義道路,走資本主義道路行不通。3).中國(guó)革命不能依靠少數(shù)人,要依靠廣大人民群眾起來(lái)革命,革命才會(huì)勝利。(4).推翻任何制度或者都要先充份準(zhǔn)備,要有強(qiáng)大的武裝力量。

五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史特點(diǎn)。

(一)反帝反封建的徹底性。它不同于義和團(tuán)的籠統(tǒng)排外主義,它徹底看出了帝國(guó)主義聯(lián)合中國(guó)買(mǎi)辦階級(jí)和封建階級(jí)以壓榨中國(guó)人民大眾的實(shí)質(zhì)。

(二)真正的群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)。它既沒(méi)有像康梁那樣企圖依靠一個(gè)傀儡皇帝來(lái)救國(guó),也沒(méi)有像辛亥革命那樣單純借助軍閥力量來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)共和。而是廣泛地動(dòng)員和組織了群眾。

(三)促進(jìn)馬克思主義在中國(guó)的傳播及中國(guó)工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)合。

工人階級(jí)顯示了偉大的力量。工人在斗爭(zhēng)中發(fā)揮決定性的作用這個(gè)事實(shí)給予先進(jìn)的知識(shí)分子以直切的教育。這樣,五四運(yùn)動(dòng)就成為1921年中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的成立了思想上和干部上的準(zhǔn)備。正因?yàn)槲逅倪\(yùn)動(dòng)具備了上述新的歷史特點(diǎn),他也成就了中國(guó)革命的新階段即新民主主義革命階段的開(kāi)端。

中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立的歷史特點(diǎn)和意義。

答: 一方面,他成立于俄國(guó)十月革命取得勝利,第二國(guó)際社會(huì)民主主義,修正主義遭到破產(chǎn)之后。另一面:它是半殖民半封建中國(guó)的工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的。

所以,中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨一開(kāi)始就是一個(gè)以馬克思列寧主義理論為基礎(chǔ)的黨,是一個(gè)區(qū)別第二國(guó)際舊式社會(huì)改良黨的新型工人階級(jí)革命黨。

中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨立的偉大歷史意義:使中國(guó)革命有了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心,中國(guó)人民有了可依賴(lài)的組織者和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,保證了中國(guó)革命的勝利發(fā)展。使中國(guó)革命有了馬列主義科學(xué)的指導(dǎo)思想,并與中國(guó)實(shí)際相結(jié)合,為中國(guó)人民指明了斗爭(zhēng)的目標(biāo)和走向勝利的道路。使中國(guó)革命有了新的革命方法,并溝通了中國(guó)革命與世界革命的聯(lián)系,為中國(guó)革命獲得國(guó)際援助和避免資本主義前途提供了客觀可能性。

從1927年大革命失敗到1935遵義會(huì)議召開(kāi)之前,中央所犯的三次左傾錯(cuò)誤

第一次是1927年11月至1928年4月的“左”傾盲動(dòng)主義,錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為革命形勢(shì)在不斷高漲,盲目要求一些地區(qū)舉行暴動(dòng)。以盲目的左傾冒險(xiǎn)主義為指導(dǎo),最終使得廣州起義的失敗; 第二次是1930年6月至9月以李立三為代表的“左”傾冒險(xiǎn)主義,錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為中國(guó)革命乃至世界革命進(jìn)入高潮,盲目要求舉行全國(guó)暴動(dòng)和集中紅軍力量攻打武漢等中心城市。結(jié)果可以想象,白區(qū)的黨組織遭到了毀滅性的破壞,紅軍主力也在攻打大城市中受到了極大的損失,而且更為嚴(yán)重的是,引起了當(dāng)時(shí)正在參加中原大戰(zhàn)的蔣介石的警覺(jué),所以在中原大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,他立刻調(diào)集重兵開(kāi)始了五次圍剿作戰(zhàn)。第三次是王明的“左”傾錯(cuò)誤,是最嚴(yán)重的一次,在理論上、政治上、軍事上、組織上表現(xiàn)得最為充分和完備,影響最深,危害最大。當(dāng)時(shí)因?yàn)樵谏虾5闹泄颤h中央遭到了嚴(yán)重破壞,被迫轉(zhuǎn)移到了蘇區(qū),在王明的錯(cuò)誤思想指揮下,“左”傾錯(cuò)誤在根據(jù)地得到了全面貫徹,進(jìn)攻中的冒險(xiǎn)主義,防守中的保守主義,撤退中的逃跑主義,后果自然是長(zhǎng)征了,進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略“轉(zhuǎn)移”。遵義會(huì)議的內(nèi)容與背景? 背景:年1月15日至17日,中共中央政治局在貴州遵義召開(kāi)的獨(dú)立自主地解決中國(guó)革命問(wèn)題的一次極其重要的擴(kuò)大會(huì)議。這次會(huì)議是在紅軍第五次反“圍剿”失敗和長(zhǎng)征初期嚴(yán)重受挫的情況下,為了糾正王明“左”傾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在軍事指揮上的錯(cuò)誤,挽救紅軍和中國(guó)革命的危機(jī)而召開(kāi)的。內(nèi)容:(1)遵義會(huì)議通過(guò)了《中央關(guān)于反對(duì)敵人五次“圍剿”的總決議》,指出第五次反“圍剿”失敗的主要原因是博古和李德在軍事指揮上犯了一系列嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。會(huì)議肯定了毛澤東關(guān)于紅軍作戰(zhàn)的基本原則。(2)對(duì)中共中央和紅軍領(lǐng)導(dǎo)進(jìn)行改組,推選毛澤東為中央政治局常委。(3)取消博古、李德的最高軍事指揮權(quán),決定仍由中央軍委主要負(fù)責(zé)人周恩來(lái)、朱德指揮軍事。隨后,中央政治局常委進(jìn)行分工,由張聞天代替博古負(fù)總責(zé),毛澤東、周恩來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)軍事。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的自身建設(shè):

1,馬克思主義中國(guó)化命題的提出2,新民主義理論的系統(tǒng)闡明,3,整風(fēng)運(yùn)動(dòng)和實(shí)事求是思想路線(xiàn)在全黨的確。

整風(fēng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的內(nèi)容,方針,意義。

這次整風(fēng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的內(nèi)容是:反對(duì)主觀主義以整頓學(xué)風(fēng),反對(duì)宗派主義以整頓黨風(fēng),反對(duì)黨八股以整頓文風(fēng)。貫徹的方針是:“懲前毖后,治病救人”,用“團(tuán)結(jié)――批評(píng)――團(tuán)結(jié)”的方式,達(dá)到既要弄清思想,又要團(tuán)結(jié)同志的目的。

方針:懲前毖后,治病救人用團(tuán)結(jié)——評(píng)論——團(tuán)結(jié)的方式 方法;精度馬克思列寧主義反省工作思想,實(shí)事求是進(jìn)行批評(píng),自我批評(píng)。

這次整風(fēng)運(yùn)動(dòng),使黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)關(guān)和干部進(jìn)一步掌握了馬克思列寧主義的普遍真理同中國(guó)革命實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的原則,樹(shù)立了聯(lián)系群眾、調(diào)查研究、實(shí)事求是的優(yōu)良作風(fēng),并幫助大量非無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)出身的新黨員轉(zhuǎn)變了思想立場(chǎng),使全黨緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)在以毛澤東為首的黨中央周?chē)瑸閵Z取抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最后勝利和人民民主革命在全國(guó)的勝利提供了思想和組織保證 七屆二中全會(huì) 的主要內(nèi)容

1)確定了徹底推翻國(guó)民黨統(tǒng)治,奪取全國(guó)的方針;(2)指出中共工作重點(diǎn)應(yīng)從農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)向城市,并以生產(chǎn)建設(shè)為中心;(3)闡述了在全國(guó)勝利后仍會(huì)存在兩種基本矛盾,一種是無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)同資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的矛盾,一種是中國(guó)人民和帝國(guó)主義的矛盾;(4)強(qiáng)調(diào)了加強(qiáng)黨綱建設(shè),規(guī)定了禁止給領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人祝壽、禁止以領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的名字命名街道、企業(yè)等,防止對(duì)個(gè)人的歌功頌德;(5)提出兩個(gè)務(wù)必 務(wù)必使同志們繼續(xù)保持謙虛,謹(jǐn)慎,不驕,不燥的作風(fēng)務(wù)必使同志們繼續(xù)的保持劍客奮斗的作風(fēng)。中國(guó)革命勝利的原因和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

原因: 1,工人,農(nóng)民,城市小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)群眾是明主革命的主要力量。沒(méi)有廣大人民和各界人士的廣泛參加和大力支持中國(guó)革命的勝利是不可能的。2,革命之所以能夠走上勝利的發(fā)展道路,是由于有了中國(guó)工人階級(jí)的先鋒隊(duì)--————中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨。沒(méi)有共產(chǎn)黨就沒(méi)有新中國(guó)。3,中國(guó)革命之所以能夠勝利,同國(guó)際無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)合人民群眾的支持也是分不開(kāi)的。

基本經(jīng)驗(yàn):1,建立廣泛的統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線(xiàn)。2,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)革命武裝斗爭(zhēng)。3,加強(qiáng)共產(chǎn)黨自身的建設(shè)。

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