第一篇：新概念英語第二冊第15課

Lesson 15 Good news 佳音

The secretary told me that Mr.Harmsworth would see me.I felt very nervous when I went into his office.He did not look up from his desk when I entered.After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.Twenty people had already left.I knew that my turn had come.'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.'Don't interrupt,' he said.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!New words and expressions 生詞和短語

secretary n.秘書 nervous adj.精神緊張的 afford v.負擔得起 weak adj.弱的 interrupt v.插話，打斷 參考譯文

秘書告訴我說哈姆斯沃斯先生要見我。我走進他的辦公室，感到非常緊張。我進去的時候，他連頭也沒抬。待我坐下后，他說生意非常不景氣。他還告訴我，公司支付不起這么龐大的工資開支，有20個人已經(jīng)離去。我知道這次該輪到我了。

“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我無力地說。

“不要打斷我的話，”他說。

然后他微笑了一下告訴我說，我每年將得到1,000 英鎊的額外收入。1.Good news 佳音 news [nju:z] n.1.[u] new information about sth.that has happened recently消息；音信

e.g.有什么最新消息嗎？What’s the latest([’leitist]adj.最近的；最新的)news? 這真是好消息。That’s great news.把你最近的情況全都告訴我。Tell me all your news.你有沒有瑪麗的消息？Have you had any news of Mary? 你是想先聽好消息還是壞消息？Do you want the good news or the bad news first? 一條/一則消息 a piece/bit of news 2.[u] reports of recent events that appear in newspapers or on television or radio媒體對重要事情的報道；新聞

e.g.國內(nèi)/國際新聞 national/international news 一則新聞；新聞報道 a news story/item/report 她老上報紙。She is always in the news.這次婚禮成了頭版新聞。The wedding was front-page news.3.(the news)[sing] a regular television or radio broadcast of the latest news(電視或廣播中的)新聞節(jié)目

e.g.收聽/收看新聞節(jié)目 to listen to / watch the news 九點的新聞報道 the nine o’clock news 4.[u] a person, thing or event that is considered to be interesting enough to be reported as news新聞人物；新聞事件

e.g.流行音樂明星們總是新聞人物。Pop stars are always news.IDM:

1.be bad news(for sb./sth.)to be likely to cause problems 對?不利

e.g.中央供暖系統(tǒng)可能不利于室內(nèi)植物。Central heating is bad news for indoor plants.air conditioner [k?n'di??n?] n.空調(diào)機；空調(diào)設(shè)備(conditioner n.[c, u] 護發(fā)劑；護發(fā)素 shampoo [??m'pu:] n.(pl.-os)[c, u] 洗發(fā)劑；香波；洗滌劑)heater ['hi:t?] n.加熱器；爐子；熱水器

2.break the news(to sb.)to be the first to tell sb.some bad news 最先(向?)透露壞消息；說出實情

3.be good news(for sb./sth.)to be likely to be helpful or give an advantage對?有利(或有益處)e.g.降低利率對于私房買主來說是個福音。

The cut(n.削減，減少)in interest rates is good news for homeowners.(homeowner ['h?um?un?] n.房主)4.no news is good news(saying)if there were bad news we would hear it , so as we have heard nothing, it is likely that nothing bad has happened沒有消息就是好消息 news agency(also press agency)n.通訊社

newsagent ['nju:ze?d??nt](BrE)(AmE newsdealer)1.報刊經(jīng)銷人；報刊經(jīng)銷商2.(newsagent’s)(pl.newsagents)報刊經(jīng)銷店；書報亭

newscast ['nju:zkɑ:st] n.(esp.AmE)新聞節(jié)目；新聞廣播

news conference n.(esp.AmE)=press conference 記者招待會；新聞發(fā)布會

2.The secretary told me that Mr.Harmsworth would see me.秘書告訴我說哈姆斯沃斯先生要見我。

1)secretary ['sekr?t?ri] n.(pl.-ies)(abbreviation Sec.)1.a person who works in an office, working for another person, dealing with letters and telephone calls, typing, keeping records, arranging meetings with people, etc.秘書 e.g.請和我的秘書聯(lián)系，預約一個時間。

Please contact ['k?nt?kt] my secretary to make an appointment.(n.[c] ~(with sb.)約會；預約；約定)2.an official of a club, society, etc.who deals with writing letters, keeping records, and making business arrangements(俱樂部、社團等的)干事，文書

3.(AmE)the head of a government department, chosen by the President部長；大臣

e.g.財政部長 Secretary of the Treasury(['tre??ri] n.(pl.-ies)1.(the Treasury)(英國、美國和一些其他國家的)財政部 2.[c](城堡等中的)金銀財寶庫，寶庫)Secretary of State n.1.(also Secretary)(in Britain)the head of an important government department(英國)大臣 e.g.教育與就業(yè)大臣 the Secretary of State for Education and Employment 2.(in the US)the head of the government department that deals with foreign affairs(美國)國務(wù)卿 Secretary General n.the person who is in charge of the administrative department of a large international or political organization(大型國際組織或政治組織的)秘書長，總干事，總書記： e.g.北約前任秘書長 the former Secretary General of NATO(general adj.1.全體的；普遍的；總的 2.[only before noun](also General)[after noun] 首席的；總管的 e.g.總經(jīng)理 the general manager)(NATO['neit?u] =North Atlantic Treaty Organization It is an organization to which many European countries and the US and Canada belong.They agree to give each other military help if necessary北約；北大西洋公約組織)secretarial [,sekr?'te?r??l] adj.involving or connected with the work of a secretary秘書的；文秘工作的：e.g.文秘工作；做秘書須具備的資格 secretarial work/qualifications(n.[c] 資格；學歷)2)would在這里不是表示單純的過去將來時，而是表示“想?”、“要?”的意思： e.g.你想要吃(喝)什么？What would you like to have? 約翰不愿意把他的自行車借給我。John wouldn’t lend me his bicycle.3.I felt very nervous when I went into his office.我走進他的辦公室，感到非常緊張。nervous ['n?:v?s] adj.1.~(about/of sth.)anxious about sth.or afraid of sth.焦慮的；擔憂的；惶恐的opposite: confident e.g.我在考試前感到非常緊張。I feel very nervous before exams.他從未當眾講過話，因此他非常緊張。

He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.面試前我感到惶恐不安。I felt really nervous before the interview.他過去一直不敢邀請我們。He had been nervous about inviting us.這匹馬可能害怕汽車。The horse may be nervous of cars.2.easily worried or frightened 神經(jīng)質(zhì)的；易緊張焦慮的；膽怯的：opposite: nerveless(['n?:vl?s]adj.1.無力的；麻木的 2.無謂的；鎮(zhèn)定從容的；勇敢的)e.g.她是個神經(jīng)質(zhì)的女人。你看見她臉上那種神經(jīng)質(zhì)的微笑了嗎？

She is a nervous woman.Do you see that nervous smile on her face? 她是個瘦削而又膽怯的女孩兒。She was a thin, nervous girl.他不是那種好緊張的人。He’s not the nervous type.3.connected with the body’s nerves and often affecting you mentally or emotionally神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的 e.g.神經(jīng)紊亂；神經(jīng)癥 a nervous disorder/disease

他的神經(jīng)處于極度疲勞狀態(tài)。He was in a state of nervous exhaustion [?g'z?:st??n].adv.nervously e.g.她露出不安的微笑。She smiled nervously.n.nervousness [u] e.g.他試圖掩飾他的惶恐不安。He tried to hide his nervousness.nervous breakdown(also breakdown)n.a period of mental illness in which sb.becomes very depressed, anxious and tired, and cannot deal with normal life神經(jīng)衰弱

e.g.患神經(jīng)衰弱 to have a nervous breakdown 與nervous容易混淆的另一個詞是irritable(易怒的，急躁的)：

irritable ['?r?t?bl] adj.getting annoyed(adj.惱怒；生氣；煩惱)easily;showing your anger 易怒的；暴躁的 e.g.我們的老師是位脾氣急躁的老太太。她很容易生氣。

Our teacher is an irritable old lady.She gets angry easily.irritability [,?r?t?'b?l?ti] n.[u]

irritably ['?r?t?bl?] adv.4.He did not look up from his desk when I entered.我進去的時候，他連頭也沒抬。在這句話的look up中，look是它的本義“看”、“瞧”。look up一般表示原先在埋頭干什么之后抬頭看：

look up(from sth.)to raise your eyes when you are looking down at sth.(在低頭看某物時)抬頭往上看 e.g.我進房間時，她從書本上抬起頭來看了看。

She looked up from her book as I entered the room.他聽到聲音后就抬起了頭。(原先在讀書)He looked up(from his book)when he heard a noise.look up vi.(informal)(of business, sb’s situation, etc.生意、某人的情況等)to become better好轉(zhuǎn)；改善：e.g.情況終于開始好轉(zhuǎn)了。At last things were beginning to look up.look sb.up [no passive](informal)to visit or make contact with sb., esp.when you have not seen them for a long time(尤指在久別之后)拜訪，看望，接觸：

e.g.你下次到倫敦，一定來看我。Do look me up the next time you’re in London.look sth.up to look for information in a dictionary or reference book(在詞典或參考書中)查閱，查檢 e.g.你查一查下一班火車的時間好嗎？Can you look up the time of the next train?

我在詞典里查過這個詞。I looked it up in the dictionary.5.After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.待我坐下后，他說生意非常不景氣。

6.He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.Twenty people had already left.他還告訴我，公司支付不起這么龐大的工資開支，有20個人已經(jīng)離去。1)afford

[?'f?:d] v.1.[no passive](usually used with can, could or be able to, esp.in negative sentences or questions通常與can、could或be able to連用，尤用于否定句或疑問句)to have enough money or time to be able to buy or to do sth.買得起;(有時間)做，能做：

e.g.[vn] 我們今年買得起/買不起小汽車。We can/can’t afford a car this year.她覺得再也抽不出時間歇班了。She felt she couldn’t afford any more time off work.[v to inf] 今年夏天我們沒有足夠的錢去國外。We can’t afford to go abroad this summer.[vn to inf] 那時他沒有錢旅行。He couldn’t then afford the money to go on the trip.2.[no passive](usually used with can or could, esp.in negative sentences and questions通常與can或could連用，尤用于否定句或疑問句)if you say that you can’t afford to do sth., you mean that you should not do it because it will cause problems for you if you do承擔得起(后果)： e.g.[v to inf] 我們對這個警告決不能等閑視之。We cannot afford to ignore this warning.我不能再病了。I can’t afford to be ill again.[vn] 我們不能再有任何耽擱了。We cannot afford any more delays.我只能為這次旅行抽出一周的時間。I can only afford one week for the trip.3.(formal)to provide sb.with sth.提供，給予：

e.g.[vnn] 那天晚上瑪麗為我們提供了一個房間過夜。Mary afforded us a room for the night.這項計劃給年輕人提供了獲得工作經(jīng)驗的機會。

The programme ['pr?ugr?m](AmE program)affords young people the chance to gain work experience.affordability [?,f?:d?'b?l?ti] n.[u]

affordable [?'f?:d?bl] adj.e.g.付得起的價格 affordable prices 2)such和so都可以用來表示程度，意思是“如此；這樣”，但用法卻不相同。

1．such是形容詞，用來修飾名詞，名詞前有無形容詞都可以；so是副詞，用來修飾形容詞或副詞，形容詞后可以省略名詞。例如：

He is such a（big）fool．他是個（大）傻瓜。

He is so foolish（a man）．他是如此愚蠢（的一個人）。

2．單數(shù)名詞前有不定冠詞與形容詞時，so和such的位置不同。前者為“so＋形容詞＋冠詞＋名詞”，后者為“such＋冠詞＋形容詞＋名詞”。例如：

I know such a clever boy．我認識如此聰明的一個男孩。

I know so clever a boy．我認識如此聰明的一個男孩。

3．so后即使有形容詞，也不能修飾復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，而such則可以。例如：

They are such useful books．它們是如此有用的書。

He gave us such good food．他給了我們這么好的食物。

4．名詞前有表示“多、少”意義的many，much，few，little等修飾詞時，要用so，不用such。例如：

There are so many flowers in our school garden．我們學校的花園里有那么多的花。

You'll find English a bridge to so much knowledge．你會發(fā)現(xiàn)英語是通向如此豐富知識的橋梁。

I have so little money that I can't lend you any．我的錢很少，不能借給你。

5．當little表示“小”的意思修飾可數(shù)名詞時，其前只能用such，不能用so。例如：

I have never seen such little sheep before．我以前從沒見過這么小的綿羊。7.I knew that my turn had come.我知道這次該輪到我了。turn在這里是名詞，意為“輪流”、“輪班”、“(依次輪流時各自的)一次機會”： e.g.我已經(jīng)問了兩個問題。該輪到你了。I have already asked two questions.Now it’s your turn.輪到他時，他卻一個字也說不出來。When his turn came, he couldn’t speak any word.8.'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我無力地說。

'Don't interrupt,' he said.“不要打斷我的話，”他說。1)weak 在這里不是指身體虛弱，而是指聲音“微弱”、“無力”，因為怕被開除而感到緊張。weak [wi:k] adj.(weaker, weakest)1.not physically strong 虛弱的；無力的

e.g.她病后仍然虛弱。She is still weak after her illness.2.that cannot support a lot of weight;likely to break不牢固的；易損壞的；易破的

e.g.那座橋梁不太牢固，承受不住過多的車輛。That bridge is too weak to carry heavy traffic.3.easy to influence;not having much power 易受影響的，懦弱的；軟弱無力的 e.g.軟弱無力的領(lǐng)導人；弱國 a weak leader/country 在這個行業(yè)，工會一直沒有權(quán)威。The unions have always been weak in this industry.4.not financially strong or successful 疲軟的；蕭條的 e.g.疲軟的經(jīng)濟/市場 a weak economy/market 5.~(in sth.)not good at sth.不善于；不擅長；(能力)弱的，差的

e.g.我總是學不好理科。I was always weak in the science subjects.(文科：the liberal arts)6.that people are not likely to believe or be persuaded by不能令人信服的；不能說服人的 e.g.無說服力的證據(jù) weak evidence 7.not easily seen or heard微弱的；隱約的e.g.微弱的光線/信號/聲音 a weak light/signal/sound 8.~point/spot(n.1.斑點2.污跡，臟點3.地點，場所4.~of sth 少量；一點)the part of a person’s character, an argument(論據(jù)，論點), etc.that is easy to attack or criticize弱點；缺點；不足之處 e.g.這個隊的弱點在防守。The team’s weak points are in defence.IDM:

1.weak at the knees(informal)hardly able to stand because of emotion, fear, illness, etc.(因激動、恐懼、疾病等)兩腿發(fā)軟

e.g.他突然笑了笑使得她兩膝發(fā)軟。His sudden smile made her go weak at the knees.2.the weak link(in the chain)the point at which a system or an organization is most likely to fail薄弱環(huán)節(jié) e.g.她徑直攻擊他的辯論中的一個薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。

She went straight for the one weak link in the chain of his argument.weaken [?wi:k?n] v.1.to make sb./sth.less strong or powerful;to become less strong or powerful(使)虛弱，衰弱；減弱；削弱 opposite: strengthen e.g.[vn] 這個隊因傷實力減弱。The team has been weakened by injury.[v] 他的權(quán)威日趨減弱。His authority is steadily(adv.穩(wěn)步地，持續(xù)地，勻速地)weakening.2.to make sb.less physically strong;to become less physically strong(使)虛弱，衰弱

e.g.[vn] 爆炸松動了這座樓房的地基。The explosion had weakened the building’s foundations.[v] 她覺得兩腿無力。She felt her legs weaken.3.to become or make sb.become less determined or certain about sth.使(肯定程度)減弱；動搖；猶豫

e.g.[vn] 什么也不能削弱他繼續(xù)下去的決心。Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue.(resolve [ri?z?lv] n.[u]~(to do sth.)(formal)strong determination to achieve sth.決心；堅定的信念 v.1.vt.解決(問題或困難)2.~(on sth./on doing sth)決心；決定)weakly adv.in a weak way 虛弱地；軟弱無力地；懦弱地；冷淡地 weakness n.1.[u] lack of strength, power or determination軟弱；虛弱；疲軟；衰弱；懦弱 2.[c] a weak point in a system, sb.’s character, etc.(系統(tǒng)、性格等的)弱點，缺點，不足

3.[c, usually sing.] ~(for sth./sb.)difficult in resisting sth./sb.that you like very much(對人或事物的)迷戀，無法抗拒：e.g.他愛吃巧克力。He has a weakness for chocolate.2)interrupt [??nt??r?pt] v.1.~(sb./sth.)(with sth.)to say or do sth.that makes sb.stop what they are saying or doing插嘴；打擾；打岔

e.g.[v] 對不起打擾一下，有人要見你。Sorry to interrupt, but there’s someone to see you.請你別老是插嘴好嗎？Would you mind not interrupting all the time?

[vn] 我希望我沒有打攪你。I hope I’m not interrupting you.他們被敲門聲打斷了。They were interrupted by a knock at the door.2.vt.to stop the continuous progress of sth.for a short time暫停；中斷：

e.g.比賽因下雨中斷了幾次。The game was interrupted several times by rain.3.vt.to stop a line, surface, view, etc.from being even or continuous阻斷，遮擋(連續(xù)線條、平面、景色等)interruption [??nt??r?p?n] n.[c, u] 1.something that temporarily([?temp??rer?l?] adv.暫時地)stops an activity or a situation;a time when an activity is stopped阻斷物；中斷時間

e.g.我總算連續(xù)工作了兩小時。I managed to work for two hours without interruption.2.the act of interrupting sb./sth.and of stopping them from speaking打擾；插嘴；打岔： e.g.他沒有理會她的打岔。He ignored her interruptions.她連續(xù)講了20分鐘。She spoke for 20 minutes without interruption.9.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!然后他微笑了一下告訴我說，我每年將得到1,000 英鎊的額外收入。1)extra [?ekstr?] adj., n., adv.adj.more than is usual, expected, or than exists already額外的；分外的；外加的；附加的synonym: additional

e.g.星期天我通常要多睡一會兒。On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.他上個月多得了100英鎊。Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.供應(yīng)早餐，不另收費。Breakfast is provided at no extra charge.今晚在路上要格外小心。Take extra care on the roads this evening.我需要一些額外的錢。I need some extra money.n.1.a thing that is added to sth.that is not usual, standard or necessary and that costs more(sth added, for which an extra charge is made)額外的事物；另外收費的事物： e.g.在這家旅店熱水浴另外收費。At this hotel a hot bath is an extra.2.a special edition([i?di??n] n.版次，版本；（報紙、雜志的）一份；)(=one printing)of a newspaper[報紙的]號外 e.g.晚間最新號外！Late evening extra!3.a person who is employed to play a very small part in a film/movie, usually as a member of a crowd(電影里的)臨時演員，群眾演員

e.g.我們拍攝戰(zhàn)爭場面需要數(shù)百名臨時演員。We need hundreds of extras for the battle scenes.adv.1.in addition;more than is usual, expected, or exists already(additional(ly);beyond what is usual or necessary)額外；另外；外加 e.g.另外收費；另付；額外花費 to charge/pay/cost extra

晚飯的價錢是三英鎊，酒水另計。Dinner costs 3 pounds, and wine is extra.他們對酒水另外收錢。They charge extra for wine.[用于名詞后] 我不得不另付三英鎊。I had to pay ￡3 extra.2.(with an adjective or adverb與形容詞或副詞連用)more than usually 特別；格外；分外： e.g.我要特別努力地工作。I’m going to work extra hard.你要格外小心，別犯錯誤。You need to be extra careful not to make any mistakes.extra time(BrE)(AmE overtime)n.[u](sport體)(足球比賽等的)加時賽

e.g.他們在加時賽中僅踢進一球即獲勝。They won by a single goal after extra time.extra-[?ekstr?] prefix(in adjectives構(gòu)成形容詞)1.outside;beyond在?之外；超出；越出

e.g.extra-curricular [k??rikjul?] adj.[only before noun] 課外的；課程以外的

curricular adj.課程的 curriculum [k??rikjul?m] n.(pl.curricula)(學校等的)全部課程 2.(informal)very;more than usual非常；格外；十分 e.g.特別瘦 extra-thin 十分特別 extra-special 2)a在這里可譯為“每一”：(thrice adv.三次；三倍)e.g.我每月去一次倫敦。I went to London once a month.杰克每天給瑪麗打四次電話。Jack telephoned Mary four times a day.Grammar in use 間接引語(Indirect speech)把某人所說的話告訴另外一個人時，應(yīng)該使用間接引語(有的語法書稱之為“轉(zhuǎn)述引語”)。引述動詞(如say, tell)可能是現(xiàn)在時，也可能是過去時(最常用)。間接陳述句的時態(tài)往往受引述動詞的影響。引述陳述句時最常用的動詞是say和tell。它們之間的區(qū)別是tell后面必須跟表示人稱的間接賓語(tell sb.?)，而say后面則可跟或不跟to+講話對象。如果需要提到聽話者，tell+間接賓語通常比say+to+sb.更常用。在say和tell后面一般不可加逗號。如果間接引語中的引述動詞是現(xiàn)在時，那么其后的時態(tài)通常與原來口頭陳述句的時態(tài)相同。轉(zhuǎn)述剛剛說完的話時通常如此；引述動詞如果是過去時，那么間接引語中的時態(tài)通常要“往回移”(即“倒移”)。一條普遍的規(guī)則是“現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)檫^去時，過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時”。直接引語：

e.g.“我現(xiàn)在可以見他！” “I can see him now!” 間接引語：

老板說他現(xiàn)在可以見你。

The boss says(that)he can see you now./ The boss said(that)he could see you now.為什么你現(xiàn)在不能見老板？Why can’t you see the boss now? 他的秘書(告訴我)說他現(xiàn)在不在。His secretary tells me/says that he is away now.--史密斯先生沒見你嗎？Didn’t Mr.Smith see you?--沒有，他的秘書(告訴我)說他已經(jīng)回家了。

No, his secretary told me/said that he had gone home.7

第二篇：新概念英語第二冊

新概念英語第二冊 第68課詞組(2013-02-20 23:14:19)

轉(zhuǎn)載▼

分類： 新概念英語第2冊輔導

本課重點：在若干動詞及詞組后的動名詞(ing)

一、詞組

no matter how 不管怎樣

wave to＝signal to 打招呼, 招手

just in time 剛好，不遲不早＝only just

insist on 堅持

prevent…form 避免

follow around 跟著轉(zhuǎn)

there(be)plenty 有不少……

二、跟ing的動詞及詞組

avoid meeting him 避開他

come running 跑過來

it was no use pretending 假裝沒有用

enjoy meeting him 喜歡見他

insist on coming 堅持要來

(be)busy doing… 忙著干

(would you)mind opening 你是否介意打開……(請你打開……)finish speaking 講完了

fancy meeting 真想不到見著……

it’s not worth worrying 不值得擔心

I can’t stand shouting 不能容忍大叫大嚷 smell(something)burning 聞到什么燒焦味

go dancing(swimming，shopping)去跳舞(游泳, 購物)forgive(somebody)for being rude 原諒別人鹵莽

三、come和現(xiàn)在分詞連用表示“來”的方式：come十ing wind came blowing 風吹來

letters of thanks came pouring in 感謝信不斷涌來 she came hurrying in 她匆忙趕回來

第三篇：新概念英語第二冊 (72)

Lesson 72

A car called bluebird

“藍鳥”汽車

First listen and then answer the question.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。

What mistake was made?

The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour.He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah.Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him.It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2,500-horsepower engine.Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run.After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour.However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made.His average speed had been 301 miles per hour.Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds over 600 miles an hour.Following in his father's footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolm's son, Donald, also set up a world record.Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.New words and expressions 生詞和短語

racingn.競賽

perprep.每Utahn.猶他（美國州名）

horsepowern.馬力

burstv.爆裂

averageadj.平均的footstepn.足跡

參考譯文

杰出的賽車選手馬爾科姆.坎貝爾爵士是第一個以每小時超過300英里的速度駕車的人。他于1935年9月在猶他州的邦納維爾鹽灘創(chuàng)造了一項新的世界紀錄。他駕駛的“藍鳥”牌汽車是專門為他制造的。它的車身長30英尺，有一個2,500 馬力的發(fā)動機。盡管坎貝爾達到了每小時超過304英里的速度，但他很難把汽車控制住，因為在開始的行程中爆了一只輪胎。比賽結(jié)束后，坎貝爾非常失望地得知他的平均時速是299英里。然而，幾天之后，有人告訴他說弄錯了。他的平均時速實際是301英里。從那時以來，賽車選手已達到每小時600英里的速度。很多年之后，馬爾科姆爵士的兒子唐納德踏著父親的足跡，也創(chuàng)造了一項世界紀錄。同他父親一樣，他也駕駛著一輛名叫“藍鳥”的汽車。

第四篇：新概念英語第二冊教學大綱

新概念第二冊教學大綱

第一課時：Lesson1&Lesson2 知識點1.基本語法時態(tài)

知識點2.三大句型轉(zhuǎn)換(陳述句、感嘆句、疑問句)第二課時：Lesson3&Lesson4 知識點1.一般過去式 知識點2.現(xiàn)在完成時

知識點3.動詞規(guī)則變化及動詞不規(guī)則變化表 第三課時：Lesson5&Lesson6 知識點1.一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的差異 知識點2.冠詞與限定詞 第四課時：Lesson7&Lesson8 知識點1．過去進行時與連詞（when,while）知識點2.形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級 第五課時：Lesson9&Lesson10 知識點1.表示時間的介詞 知識點2.被動語態(tài)

第六課時：Lesson1-10綜合復習1 注意點1.綜合復習1-10出現(xiàn)的語法知識點 注意點2.通過測試卷進行綜合測試，查漏補缺 第七課時：Lesson11&Lesson12 知識點1.復習前6課的語法，知識點2.學習一般將來時 第八課時：Lesson13&Lesson14 知識點1.將來進行時 知識點2.過去完成時

第九課時：Lesson15&Lesson16 知識點1.間接引語 知識點2.條件從句

第十課時：Lesson17&Lesson18 知識點1.情態(tài)動詞 MUST 知識點2.助動詞/動詞HAVE 第十一課時：Lesson19&Lesson20 知識點1.情態(tài)動詞CAN MAY 知識點2.動名詞解析

第十二課時：Lesson11-20綜合復習注意點1.綜合復習11-20出現(xiàn)的語法知識點 注意點2.通過測試卷進行綜合測試，查漏補缺 第十三課時：Lesson21&Lesson22 知識點1.各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài) 知識點2.常見動詞搭配的介詞 第十四課時：Lesson23&Lesson24 知識點: 復習前二十二的語法及難點部分 第十五課時：Lesson25&Lesson26 知識點1.并列句 知識點2.常見連詞

第十六課時：Lesson27&Lesson28 知識點1.一般過去時 知識點2.現(xiàn)在完成時精講 知識點3.從句中的關(guān)系代詞 第十七課時：Lesson29&30 知識點1.對比一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時 知識點2.定冠詞與各種限定詞 第十八課時：Lesson31&Lesson32 知識點1 掌握 “used to do” 及 “use”的短語;知識點 2比較狀語從句總結(jié) 第十九課時：Lesson33&Lesson34 知識點1 復習一般過去時；

知識點2 復習before引導的時間狀語從句。第二十課時：Lesson35&Lesson36 知識點1.總結(jié)結(jié)果狀語從句 知識點2.一般將來時總結(jié) 第二十一課時：Lesson37&38 知識點1.虛擬語氣之一 知識點2.將來完成時 第二十二課時：Lesson37&38

第五篇：新概念英語第二冊語法總結(jié)

新概念英語二冊語法詳解和總結(jié)

《

一、學習前的準備

《新概念英語第二冊》旨在全面訓練學生的4項技能、理解、口語、閱讀、寫作。使學生具有使用語言的能力。一般來說，具有以下知識便可進入《新概念英語第二冊》的學習：

1、動詞be與have現(xiàn)在時與過去時的基本用法。

2、現(xiàn)在進行時，能夠識別并懂得如何構(gòu)成。

3、一般現(xiàn)在時：能夠識別；懂得動詞第3人稱單數(shù)上添加-s,-es, 或-ies后綴。

4、一般過去時：能夠識別并會運用常見的規(guī)劃動詞與不規(guī)則動詞的一般過去時形態(tài)。

5、過去進行時：能夠識別。

6、現(xiàn)在完成時（一般）：能夠識別。

7、過去完成時：能夠識別。

8、將來時：能夠認識并運用going to, shall與will構(gòu)成將來時。

9、助動詞：can, may與must的基本用法；能夠識別could, might與would的形式。

10、能夠用do/does/did等助動詞造疑問句與否定句；能運用疑問代詞與副詞。

11、能夠回答以助動詞與疑問詞開頭的問句。

12、副詞：能夠用-ly與-ily后綴組成副詞；能夠識別well, hard, fast等特例。

13、冠詞：定冠詞與不定冠詞。懂得a/an/the的基本用法；some, any, no, much, many, a lot of 接可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞的用法。

14、名詞：能夠用-s,-es，-ves后綴組成名詞復數(shù)形式；會用常見的不規(guī)則復數(shù)形式：men, women, children, teeth r等形式。

15、代詞：人稱代詞、所有格代詞、反身代詞；所有符號“'”加s('s)。

16、形容詞：基本用法；規(guī)則的比較級；不規(guī)則的比較級：good, bad, much與little.17、介詞：常見的地點、時間、方位介詞的用法。

18、關(guān)系代詞：能夠識別并使用who/whom, which/that。

19、this/that;these/those。

20、省略形式：it's, I'm, isn't, didn't等。

21、There is/it is;there are/they are。

22、祈使句。

23、一周7天的名稱、日期、季節(jié)、數(shù)字、時辰（今天、昨天、明天等）。

24、報時。

二、新概念英語第二冊語法知識總結(jié)和詳解

1.簡單句的結(jié)構(gòu):

主語+謂語+賓語+狀語（地點狀語+方式狀語+時間狀語）時間狀語還可以放在句首

2.一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時

感嘆句：what+名詞+主語+謂語，how+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語

頻度副詞：位于主語和謂語之間，常見頻度副詞及其程度的深淺： always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, never I always buy CDs on Sundays.3.一般過去時

直接賓語和間接賓語：

主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語

直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，間接賓語是及物動詞的動作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔當。

He gives me a book.me間接賓語, a book直接賓語

直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調(diào)換時要加一個介詞to或for，to表示動作對誰而做，for表示動作為誰而做。

主語＋及物動詞＋直接賓語＋介詞+間接賓語 Give the book to me.Send a letter to him.I bought a coat for my mother.4.現(xiàn)在完成時，注意頻度及時間副詞的位置 receive/take

5.復習：一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別

in the way/on the way/in this way/by the way/in a way/get out of my way/Don’t stand in my way./by the way/no way

spare/to spare

6.冠詞用法

（一）1．不定冠詞用于修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當一個單詞的第一個發(fā)音為元音時要用冠詞an, 如果是輔音用a即可。

2．不定冠詞還可以用來修飾一類事物，有時候也可以省略： A cat is a lovely animal.Cat is a lovely animal.3．不可數(shù)名詞加冠詞表示一類事物：Apple is a fruit.4．如果特制某人,某物或上文提過的人或物時要用定冠詞the 5．Some表示一些，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞。

6．在姓名，城市，地名，過名，月份，節(jié)日，星期前不加冠詞，季節(jié)前也一般不加，特指時加。

put on/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock sth.off/knock off/knock %off/knock over/knock out

7.過去進行時，時間狀語 短語：在短語中動詞后面的介詞或副詞叫小品詞，有些小品詞既可以緊跟在動詞后面也可以跟在動詞的賓語后面，而有些則只能緊跟著動詞使用。

8.形容詞的比較級與最高級

單音節(jié)詞的比較級最高級：

?直接加-er,-est: small-smaller, smallest ?以e結(jié)尾的加-r,-st: large-larger, largest

?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i加-er,-est: busy-busier, busiest

?重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加-er,-est：big-bigger, biggest

以ow, er, le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞和個別單音節(jié)詞也直接加-er,-est：narrow, common, clever, simple，polite, quiet…

多音節(jié)詞及雙音節(jié)詞：more/less, most/lest

不規(guī)則變化：good/bad/many/little/far…

少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞也要通過加more/less, most/lest構(gòu)成比較級和最高級：pleased, glad, tired, fond，注意：形容詞最高級前面要加定冠詞the 不定代詞的用法，如果不定代詞做主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)：Everyone is here.enter/enter for

9.介詞（表示時間）?in:

表示一天中的某段時間：in the morning/afternoon/evening 表示月份/年份：in March, in 1990 表示季節(jié)：in spring/winter

in+一段時間可以表示在一段時間之內(nèi)也可以表示在一段時間之后，可以與現(xiàn)在時，過去時和將來時連用。

?on:

表示星期：on Monday 表示具體日期：on June 1st

表示具體時間：on that day/that evening/on that night ?at:

表示確切時間：at 10 o’clock

表示用餐時間：at lunch time/teatime

表示其他時刻：at noon/night/midnight, at this time ?during+一段時間 ?from…till ?till/untill直到

not any=no，語氣更強 10.被動語態(tài)：

結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過去分詞 用法：

?主語不清或不需要提及時

I was born in 1999.The apple was eaten.?強調(diào)不同的主語時，為了說明動作是誰做的，用by+動作執(zhí)行者 The policeman caught the thief.The thief was caught by the policeman.Be made in/be made of/be made from/be made by 雙重名詞所有格：

one of +形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格+名詞復數(shù) 單數(shù)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格

one of my father’s friends/a friend of my father’s one of my friends/a friend of mine one of your records/a record of yours 1.復習

動詞不定式做賓補的用法：

want/help/ask/teach/advise sb.to do, 代詞要用賓格形式 borrow/lend, salary/wages 2.一般將來時：

be going to結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 be+副詞詞組：

be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to sb./sth.set out=set off, set up=create 3.將來進行時： 名詞所有格：

如果名詞復數(shù)以S結(jié)尾一般只加‘，如果名詞是以S結(jié)尾的專有名詞如人名，可以加’S, 也可以直接加‘，如：Keats’ work, the Johns’ house

名詞所有格也可以用來表示無生命的 1． 時間：today’s, new centry’s

2． 國家，城市名詞：the country’s, the city’s

3． 機構(gòu)組織：the station’s waiting room, the university’s library 4． 車，船，用具: the car’s wheel, the computer’s harddisk 5． 專有結(jié)構(gòu)：at one’s wit’s end, 6． 價值：ten pound’s worth of meat, 7． 時間：in twenty minutes’ time 4.過去完成時： ask/ask for

except/except for/apart from

which of/neither of/both of/neither of 5.直接引語/間接引語

（一）如果引語的主句所用動詞為過去時，那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化：時態(tài)，人稱，時間地點及指示詞

?時態(tài)變化：

一般現(xiàn)在時——一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進行時——過去進行時 一般過去時——過去完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時——過去完成時 一般將來時——過去將來時

be going to——was/were going to/would can----------------could may---------------might

?時間地點及指示詞的變化：

here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that… ?人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。Nervous/irritable

Office/study/desk afford

6.條件狀語從句：主句用將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，有時為了強調(diào)“能夠”，“必須”還可以用情態(tài)動詞

police/policeman

pay attention to/care for/take care of remind/remember

one/you可以指任何人：

One must never tell lies.You must never tell lies.7.情態(tài)動詞： must/have to

as作為介詞，以…身份，與like相同

as作為連詞，因為，正當。。時候，以。。方式，如同。。那樣 dress/suit/costume grow/grow up 8.have用法

give in, give away, give up, give up beside/besides

9.can/could/may/might

might as well表示“還是。。的好”，“還不如。。” He will never pass.He might as well give up.10.動名詞： 動名詞 1． 動詞的-ing形式在起名詞作用時稱為動名詞。動名詞可以做主語，標語，賓語，介詞賓語定語（即復合名詞）

2． 動名詞的幾種形式：

主動形式 被動形式

一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done

3.做主語：

Finding work is difficult now.Watching TV is my favorite pastime.4.做表語：

My main hobby is reading.One of her duties is growing roses.My job is teaching.5.做賓語：

I like taking with famous people.We enjoy learning English.The flowers need watering.6.介詞賓語：

He is fond of watching football matches.He went away without saying a word.常用的一些加動名詞的動詞詞組（注意總結(jié)）：take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in，7.做定語：

waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain(引水機)，parking slot…

8.動名詞的否定： 在動名詞前面加not，I am sorry for not asking you.Interested/interesting, excited/exciting, amused/amusing 1.被動語態(tài)

（二）will/must/can/would/could/have to be done have/has been done must have been done drive 用法 home/house

2.介詞用法：見書 3.復習

there be句型

it做為虛主語可以用來表示時間，天氣，溫度，距離，人或指代一個句子或不定式。

4.Summary of Unit two 5.并列句

我們可以將幾個簡單句連在一起,組成并列句,常用以下連詞:

and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also

主謂一致:

?當主語由and , both…and 連接時,通常用復數(shù)謂語.Both the girls and the boy are his friends.?當主語由neither… nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 連接時,謂語動詞與 nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英語語法中，這被稱為就近一致.Neither he nor I am going to the airport.Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.6.一般現(xiàn)在時的復習,狀態(tài)動詞,標點符號的使用.以下一些動詞很少用與進行時態(tài):

appear(看起來), appreciate(鑒賞), believe(相信), feel(感覺到), forget(忘記), hear(聽見), know(知道), like(喜歡), look like(看起來像), notice(注意到), remember(記得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(認為), understand(理解), have(擁有),love(愛), seem(看起來), show(顯示), mind(介意), sound(聽起來), hate(討厭), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲)，引號:

?引號位于一行之上,應(yīng)該在句尾其他標點符號, 如逗號,句號,問好之外.?引語的第一個詞以大寫字母開頭.?在said, asked, 等詞后面用逗號,只有當它們位于句尾時才在它們后面用句號.?當said, asked等詞置于引語之間時,句子的后半部分以小寫開頭.?當一個新的說話人開始講話時, 要另起一個段落.7.復習一般過去時/不規(guī)則過去式和過去分詞

常用不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞在英語里約有300多個

put up(搭建), put out(撲滅), put on(穿上), put sb.up(為某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄寫), put off(推遲), put away(放好，放到一邊去)

8.現(xiàn)在完成時復習/定語從句(見復合句部分)?與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間副詞:

yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never，so far(迄今為止), up till now(直到現(xiàn)在), up to now(直到現(xiàn)在), since(自從), for a long time(很長時間), in the past/in the last few years(在過去的幾年里), these days(目前)，?某些非延續(xù)性動詞(動作開始變終止的動詞), 在現(xiàn)在完成時中不

能與表示一段時間狀語搭配:

例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend, 這些動詞并非不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時,而是不能接由for引導的時間狀語.但是用在否定句中，非延續(xù)動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用.Jane has gone away for a month.(wrong)Jane has been away for a month.(right)His father has died for two years.(wrong)His father has been dead for two years.(right)

has gone to(去了某地,指人還在那里), have been to(去過某地, 人已經(jīng)不在那里了)。

9.一般過去時對比過去完成時,現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞 refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too 10.冠詞用法 定冠詞用法(1)特指

(2)地理名詞前加定冠詞 ?河流the yellow river ?山脈

the Alps, the Himalayas

?海峽海灣the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel(3)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞

?國名及政治組織名the United States, the United Kingdom ?某些機構(gòu)學校及建筑名

the British Museum

?由普通名詞構(gòu)成的報刊雜志名

the New York Times, the Times 零冠詞 1.街名

2.廣場名

3.車站, 機場, 公園, 橋梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London Bridge

4.大學名

Yale University, Cambridge University

5.節(jié)日名National Day, May Day, News Years’ Day 6.多數(shù)雜志名

Time, Reader’s Digest 7.物質(zhì)名詞一般意義

Water boils at 100 degrees.We can not live without air.8.抽象名詞Life is short.Art is difficult to appreciate.1.used to do 用法

Used to do 表示過去常常做某事現(xiàn)在不做了 I used to get up at seven o’clock.Experience, save, very/too

2.比較級/最高級, 比較狀語從句（見復合句-比較狀語從句）A/one的區(qū)別 3.介詞用法

Passed/past, next/other 4.被動語態(tài)總結(jié)

一般現(xiàn)在時: is/am/are done 一般過去時: was/were done

現(xiàn)在進行時: is/am/are being done 現(xiàn)在完成時: have/has been done 過去完成時: had been done 一般將來時: will be done 過去將來時: would be done

過去進行時: was/were being done

情態(tài)動詞: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done，情態(tài)動詞完成式: can have been done, must have been done, could have been done, may have been done, might have been done，Call at(拜訪某地), call out at(大聲喊), call on(拜訪某人), call sb up(給某人打電話), call off(取消)

5.主語+謂語(感官動詞)+doing表示正在發(fā)生的事情,+do 表示已經(jīng)完成的動作.So/such

So+adj./adv.such+n.固定用法：so many

6.一般將來時will/be going to do

will/be going to do一般情況下可以相互替換,但是要表示說話人決定做某事或者表示建議,請求, 肯定或不肯定等含義時只能用will.Watch/look at/follow, solid/firm/stable

7.將來完成時

Hold/look, look forward to(期望), look out(當心), look up(查詢,), look sb.up(拜訪某人)

8.as if /though+虛擬語氣, 過去完成時總結(jié) as if /though 常在描述行為的動詞后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虛擬語氣

He looks as if he were a king.Her skin feels as if it were silk.The song sounds as if it were a sad story.He looked as if he had never lived in England.No sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually, No sooner…than 一…就… 與過去完成時連用

I had no sooner come into the room than it began to rain.The bell had no sooner rung than the game began.如果no sooner 放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝

No sooner had I come into the room than it began to rain.No sooner had the bell rung than it began to rain.Hardly…when 幾乎沒來得及…就… 與過去完成時連用

He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught him.I had hardly finished the last question when the exam ended.如果hardly…when放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝

Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught him.Hardly had I finished the last question when the exam ended.9.直接引語變間接引語

1.引語前用that, 口語中可以省略 2.根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q

3.時態(tài)變化: 一般現(xiàn)在時-一般過去時, 一般過去時-過去完成時, 一般將來時-過去將來時, 現(xiàn)在進行時-過去進行時, 現(xiàn)在完成時-過去完成時, can-could, may-might, must-had to，4.一些指示代詞及表示地點及時間的詞

this-that, these-those, now-then, today, tonight-that day, that night, this week-that week, yesterday-the day before, the previous day, last week-the week before, two days ago-two days before(earlier), tomorrow-the next(following)day, next week-the following week, here-there, come, bring-go, take

如果意思上沒有必要改變就不用變了，比如在同一天說的話.She said she would come again tonight.He said he arrived yesterday morning.幾種特殊的間接引語

?特殊疑問句, 語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序 “Where are you going?” he asked.He asked me where I was going.?一般疑問句, 要加if/whether

“Will you come tomorrow?” he asked.He asked if I would come the next day.?祈使句要變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ? 所使用的謂語要根據(jù)語氣來選擇 “Stay here,” the policeman said.The policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother said.My mother asked me to close the window.常用的動詞: advise, ask, beg, command(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid

10.虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法, make/do

對現(xiàn)在事實的虛擬, if從句中談?wù)摰氖窍胂蟮那闆r,主句則推測想象的結(jié)果 結(jié)構(gòu): 主句用過去時, 從句用過去將來時

If you came here earlier, you would catch the train.If you spent more time on studying, you would get better result.If I were you, I would accept this offer.注意: 如果if從句中的動詞是be, 那么應(yīng)該在第一和第三人稱單數(shù)名詞后用

were.Make/do用法

make conversation(聊天), make the bed(鋪床), make a promise(許諾), make trouble(找麻煩), make progress(取得進步), make money(賺錢), make a speech(演講,講話), make mistakes(犯錯誤), make up one’s mind(下定決心)

do one’s best(盡最大努力), do one’s homework(做家庭作業(yè)), do a few jobs(做家務(wù)), do sb.a favour(幫忙), do work(工作), do exercise(做練習), do shopping(購物), do business(做生意)

1.情態(tài)動詞need, must, have to 1.need 一般作為實義動詞使用

?需要某物He needs a hat.Does he need a hat? ?需要做某事need to do

I need to have a rest.You need to finish your work.?需要被…,主語與need 后的動詞為被動關(guān)系:need doing=need to be done The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.2.need用做情態(tài)動詞時一般為否定形式needn’t(不必要), 可以用來回答含有must, have to 的一般疑問句, 與don’t have to 同義

Must I wash the dishes? No, you needn’t.3.need 完成式needn’t have done

4.mustn’t 表示不應(yīng)該,一般口氣比較強硬,沒有商量.You mustn’t get up late.Remark/observe, notice 2.have 用法總結(jié)

have a ride(騎), have a look(看), have a wash(洗), have a swim(游泳), have a fight(打架), have quarrel(吵架), have a try(嘗試), have a rest(休息), have a smoke(吸煙), have a good sleep(睡覺)

Pick sb up(接), pick up(拿出,學習,找到), pick out(挑出), 3.情態(tài)動詞can/could/be able to do

1.can 表示可能性

If you want, I can go with you.2.表示天生或?qū)W到的能力, 可以用can/could/be able to do, 三者都可以用在現(xiàn)在時和過去時中，在將來時中要用will be able to

3.表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事要用can Look!He can stand on his head.4.表示成果的完成某個具體動作時通常不用could而用be able to, 表示某動作沒有成功用couldn’t

Can he borrow a book successfully?

Yes, he was able to borrow a book from his sister.No, he couldn’t.At 詞組

At first(開始), at once(立即), at present(目前), at last(最后), at any rate(無論如何), at heart(本質(zhì)上), at least(至少), at times(不時), at a loss(不知所措)

4.復習動名詞用法

1.動名詞可以做句子的主語,表語,賓語,介詞賓語

2.在含有介詞的動詞短語后面要用動名詞, 如: look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, be tired of , be thirsty of, go on, insist on etc.3.有些動詞后面既可用動名詞也可以用不定式,所表達的意思沒有區(qū)別,常見的詞: start, begin, continue, delay, mean，4.有些動詞后面加不定式表示一件具體的事情，加動名詞表示一種習慣.I like drinking coffee, but today, I like to drink some tea.5.復習

Steal/rob, pay back

Steal表示偷偷摸摸的偷, 其賓語一般為物品 rob表示搶劫,其賓語一般是人或者某個處所 pay back 還錢, 報復 6.介詞用法 7.復習

suggest 用法, 當建議用時后面加虛擬should +動詞原形, should 可以省略.8.復習

Summary of Unit 39.復合句的構(gòu)成： ?用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復合句：

現(xiàn)在分詞的動作的主語需與主句的主語一致。

?用過去分詞構(gòu)成復合句，用語較正式的文體，代替被動語態(tài)，Wounded in the war, his are can not move freely.Born in a happy family, he has never tasted the bitterness of life.?不定式構(gòu)成復合句，不定式表示目的：

To buy a new car, the young man saved up for years.I went into the garden to pick some flowers.?通過從句構(gòu)成復合句：名詞性從句（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同謂語從句），關(guān)系從句（定語從句），狀語從句（時間，地點，原因，條件，方式，目的，結(jié)果，比較，讓步）10.復合句： lose/loose/miss expect/wait for

1.一般過去時復習： raise/rise, lay/lie, beat/win 2.現(xiàn)在完成進行時 形容詞變副詞： 1．

直接在形容詞后加-ly，careful-carefully, slow-slowly，2． 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I, 加-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily

3． 有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化 fast, hard, late

4． 有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠： near-nearly, high-highly, late-lately，3.時態(tài)對比：一般過去時，現(xiàn)在完成時，現(xiàn)在完成進行時 throw to,/throw at/throw away quite/quiet cause/reason drop/fall

4.Some, any的用法

?some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當期待對方的答案為肯定回答時用some

?many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money.I don’t have much money.??當一個名詞在詞組中表示主要目的時不要定冠詞：

in bed, at church, at class, college, hospital, market, prison, school, sea, university，go to school/church/work/ go to the cinema/theatre

?most表示大多數(shù)或非常：

Most students came to class today.We are most excited.The most是many/much的比較級，或者構(gòu)成形容詞副詞的比較級，只能表示最多或用在形容詞或副詞前面，This is the most interesting book I have ever seen.I have the most books in my class.5.Would/used to do

would do 表示過去習慣的動作，也可以用來表示過去經(jīng)常性的行為，與used to do有時可以替換。不能替換的情況：

?used to do表示與現(xiàn)在強烈對照時，不可以用would I used to get up early every day, but I get up very late now.?used to do描寫過去狀態(tài)，would只表示過去特有的習慣和行為。I used to be a teacher.I used to have a company.I would walk along the river everyday after dinner.?一個故事的開頭不能用would表示過去習慣的動作，只能用used to do或者一般過去時：

When I was a little girl, I always went to the cinema(I used to go to the cinema).I would sit there for hours.used to do(過去常常做某事)/be used to doing（習慣做某事）6.比較級最高級復習：

很多：many/much/a great deal of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a large sum of/a large amount of/a great many

handsome/beautiful/pretty/good-looking reach/arrive

take part in/take place 7.介詞用法：

at表示某個具體的位置 in表示在。。里面 off表示離開

in/with還可以表示穿戴,with可以表示帶有或長有：a woman in a blue dress, a girl with a hat, a man with a beard

?make sb.do迫使某人做某事，變被動時要加to

His father made to quit his job.He was made to quit the job.?Let sb.do表示允許某人做某事 Let’s表示建議：

Let’s go out for a walk.Let us go out please.否定：Don’t let us…/Let’s don’t… 8.被動語態(tài)/強調(diào)句型：

據(jù)說：it is said/ it was said that

強調(diào)：It is/was+ 被強調(diào)部分+that/who從句 I ate the apple two hours ago.It was I who ate the apple two hours ago.It was the apple that I ate two hours ago.I was tow hours ago that I ate the apple.強調(diào)謂語用do+動詞原型

I did eat the apple two hours ago.Increase/grow Gain/earn Pick/cut

9.表示目的的幾種方式：

?帶to的不定式及其變體：in order to, so as to

I came to this school to/in order to/so as to learn English.I came here not to study Chinese but to study English

So as not to/in order not to

Every morning I got up very early in order not to be late.Want/bring/buy/need/take/use常用賓語+不定式，不定式常表示賓語的目的： I want something to drink.I need a pen to write.Bring me a chair to sit.?So that/in order that 引導的目的狀語從句，主句一般用現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時或一般將來時時，從句要用shall, may, can, will

He speaks very loudly in order that his grandpa can hear him.She studies very hard so that she can enter university.主句是一般過去時，過去進行時，過去完成時時，從句要用should, could, might, would

The teacher wrote the excerises on the blackboard so that the students would see them when they came in.He sent a letter to his mother so that she could learn the good news.如主句主語和從句主語不同時還可以用不定式+for+名詞/代詞 He sent a letter for his mother to learn the good news.10.現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來發(fā)生的動作：

arrive, come, go, leave用在現(xiàn)在進行時句子里可以表示不遠的將來發(fā)生的事情。

Spring is coming.I am leaving Beijing in two days.I’m meeting a guest this evening.名詞修飾名詞：

car key, world record, flower shop, fur coat, gold watch, cigarette ends, horror film, chair leg

1.時態(tài)對比：將來完成時，將來進行時，將來完成時 cost/price/value

2.時態(tài)對比：過去完成時/過去完成進行時 check/control great/big soil/ground

3.間接引語（祈使句）

祈使句要變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ? 所使用的謂語要根據(jù)語氣來選擇 “Stay here,” the policeman said.The policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother said.My mother asked me to close the window.常用的動詞: advise, ask, beg, command(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid

insist/suggest/order/demand后要用虛擬語態(tài)should+do，should 可以省略 He insisted that we should stay for dinner.4.虛擬語態(tài)（過去條件句的虛擬）（見虛擬語態(tài)總結(jié)）draw in/draw back/draw up/draw off

5.情態(tài)動詞：

1． Must/have to do表示必須做某事，must表示現(xiàn)在和將來，have to do 可以用在任何時態(tài)

2． Should do/ought to do都可以表示應(yīng)該做某事，ought to do語氣更強，一般用在肯定句。

3． Had to do 表示過去必須做某事，should have done, ought to have done表示過去本應(yīng)該做某事而沒做。

I should have told you the news earlier.He ought to have known the rules.4． Could have done表示本能夠做某事而沒做。I could have saved more people.5． Might/must have done表示對過去事實的推測

6． Couldn’t have done表示對過去事實的否定推測，表示不可能 He couldn’t have stolen the wallet.Let sb.down, let sb.off, let sb.out, let sb.in Agree/accept Dress up/dress 6.Have用法： have sth.done:

?使別人為我們做某事

I have the car repaired.He has his hair cut.The officer had the clock checked.?表示某種遭遇：

I have my wallet stolen.He had his teeth knocked out.My sister has her bike stolen.集合名詞：

當這個名詞作為一個整體使用時動詞用單數(shù)，當這個名詞作為一個組成整體的若干人時動詞用復數(shù)。常見的有：family, crew, government, staff, class

7.表示成功的做成某事：

managed to do, was able to do, succeeded in doing 表示沒成功做某事：

did not manage to do, wasn’t able to do, didn’t succeed in doing couldn’t do, tried to do could do表示可能做某事 ?say:

表示說，講時，后面不能跟間接賓語，如果加用間接賓語加to，say sth.to sb.表示道別，背誦 表達思想，意見 表示據(jù)說

詞組：say a good word, say a prayer ?tell:

表示說，講后面可跟雙賓語, tell sb.sth.常用于講（實話，謊話，秘密）辨別，分辨

說出時間 8.動名詞：

有些動詞和形容詞詞組后要加動名詞：

?admit, appreciated, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, excuse, feel, keep, like, forgive, mention, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest

?look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, give up, can’t help, can’t stand, take to, object to, keep on, put off, burst out

?opposed to, consent to ,dedicate to, devote to, admit to, confess to, fall to, in addition to, stick to, lead to, attribute to, get to

?be busy/worth/no good/use doing, have trouble/difficulty/problem/, spend time or money doing, have difficult time doing

動名詞完成式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：having been done 當一個行為動作由另一個行為動作緊跟著時，第一個動作可以用after doing,來表達，動名詞完成式強調(diào)第一個行為動作在第二個行為動作開始之前完成。

After he had been asked to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.After having been asked to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.After I had been elected drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.After having been elected drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.practise/advise, pratice/advice enjoy/entertain/amuse 9.licence/license 10.介詞用法： 1.復習：

official/employee/shop assistant/clerk/officer hang/hung, hang/hanged 2.復習：summary of unit 4

74.get out(滾出去，出去)/get into（進去）/get on（進展）/get on with（繼續(xù)，相處）/get off（逃脫）/get sth.off（取下）/get over（恢復，結(jié)束）/get though（通過考試，吃完）

變成：

grow: 漸漸變成，強調(diào)過程，比get更正式 get: 口語中最常用，同grow

turn: 變得和以往完全不同，往往是變壞，變色，變聲，變質(zhì)，turn red/pale/sour

go: 進入某種狀態(tài)，不好的狀態(tài)，go bad ,go sour come: 強調(diào)結(jié)果，come real, come true, come loose，fall: 陷入，變成某種狀態(tài)，后面不能加形容詞比較級，fall asleep, fall ill As usual/than usual between/among

manager/director/headmaster/headmistress/principal/president 75.非限定性定語從句

1． 用who, which引導，前面用逗號隔開，起補充說明的意思，如去掉不影響整個句子的意思。

The managers, who knew the event, held an emergent meeting.2． Which可以指代前面的一句話

He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.3． 與限定性定語從句的區(qū)別，限定性定語從句是對先行詞修飾限定，如果沒有定語從句整個句子的意思就會改變，而非限定性從句只是起補充說明的作用，去掉以后不影響句意。例：

The visitors who knew the danger could not go any further.那些知道危險的游客們不敢再往前走，（一部分人）

The visitors, who knew the danger, could not go any further.游客們知道了危險不敢再往前走。（所有人）B.C., A.D.skin/leather/complexion wax/candle

78.keep on/keep off/ keep away from/ keep up/ keep up with/ keep out/ keep sb.in

79.倒裝句：

1． 條件句中的倒裝,（見虛擬語態(tài)）

2． 否定意義的副詞放在句首，整個句子要倒裝：never, seldom, little, not only, scarely, hardly, no sooner, on no occasion

Hardly had he stolen the wallet when he was caught by the police man.No sooner had he arrived the cinema than the film began.3． Only+ 狀語，only after, only then

Only in this way could I finish the work timely.Only after he had taken off his hat did I recognize him.take off/take after/take up/take to/take in/take down/take over

80.on display/on show/on business/on foot/on duty/on the whole/on fire/on purpose/on the average/on any account/on second thoughts 80.Cloth, clothing, clothes，salute, greet, clear/clean

81.形容詞修飾名詞順序：

特性——形狀，大小，長短——顏色——名詞 a beautiful broad red carpet a small blue case an ugly long face laugh/laugh at wash/wash up

82.在主句用though, if, although, until, when, while引導，可以省略主語和系動詞

Though(he is)poor, he is satisfied with his conditions.Until(you are)invited, you should not come.If she(is in need), she will borrow money from her parents.Temper/mood

83.當賓語是不定式短語，動名詞或從句時如果后面有賓語補語，必須用it做形式主語，think, find, feel, consider, make

He thought it easy to pass the examination.I feel if right that he should be punished.I think it wrong for people to behave like that.84.Too…to的用法 to/enough的區(qū)別 85.Out of

1． Out of the way/fashion/order/sight/danger/sight（與in介詞相反）2． Out of breath/work/pring/cash/stock（沒有，不足）3． Out of politeness/kindness/pity/curiosity(出于)Enough/fairly

Enough: 修飾形容詞或副詞/修飾名詞/做代詞使用 88.Run out of/run after/run over/run in/run into 89.free/single queue/row funny-amusing

90.And 連接的兩個名詞如果作為一個整體出現(xiàn)則用單數(shù)謂語動詞

needle and thread, bacon and eggs, bread and butter, cheese and wine, fish and chips, a knife and fork, sausage and mash

91.Make for/make out/make up/make up for 92.So/neither的倒裝句 so/neither+be+ 主語

so/neither+助動詞+ 主語 so/neither+情態(tài)動詞+ 主語 一般現(xiàn)在時, do, does/am, is, are 現(xiàn)在進行時, am, is, are 一般過去時, did

現(xiàn)在完成時, have, has 一般將來時, will, shall, 過去進行時，was, were 過去完成時，had 過去將來時, would 93.重音：

重音在第一個音節(jié)上為名詞，重音在第二個音節(jié)為動詞：

present, insult, produce, record, process, protest, contrast, contest, rebel, conduct, export, import, increase, permit

94.介詞：

appear:強調(diào)觀察者的主觀看法 He appears to want to go.It appears as if she would win.He appears like a king.(別人覺得他像)seem：根據(jù)某種跡象得出一種結(jié)論或看法 It seems to rain.He seems like a king.(他的外表舉止給人感覺像)look：根據(jù)外表推斷

He looks like a king.（他看起來像，但實際不是。）