第一篇：2012高考英語 常見寫作用語教案

2012高考英語書面表達專題（3：）常見寫作語

有關 “承” 的詞語, 用來承接上下文.1.by this time 此時 2.at the same time 同時

3.after a while 過了一會兒 4.after a few days 幾天以后 5.second/ secondly 第二;第二點 6.in addition 另外 7.besides/ what’s more 另外 8.by the way 順便提一句 9.in other words 換句話說 10.in particular/ particularly 特別地

11.worse still 更糟的是 11.in the same way 12.obviously 明顯地 13.no doubt 無疑地 14.for example/ for instance 例如 15.therefore 因此 16.indeed 的確 17.unlike 不象? 18.certainly 當然 19.for another 其次 20.still 仍然 21.similarly 同樣地

有關 “轉” 的詞語, 用來表示不同或相反的意見 1.in/ by contrast 對比之下 2.unfortunately 不幸地 3.though/ although 盡管 4.even though 即使 5.anyway 無論如何 6.after all 畢竟

7.all the same 依然;照樣

8.in fact/ as a matter of fact 事實上 9.fortunately 10.however 然而

11.in spite of 盡管;雖然 12.at the same time 同時;然而 13.otherwise 否則 14.on the contrary 相反 15.especially 尤其

16.There are two sides to everything.有關 “合” 的詞語, 用于小結上文或結束本段落的內容 1.in a word/ all in all/ in conclusion 總之

用心 愛心 專心

同樣地 幸運地1

2.to conclude/ to summarize 總之 3.in brief/ in short/ in summary 總之 4.on the whole 總體來說 5.above all 最重要的是 6.as a result 結果 7.obviously 顯然 8.As far as I’m concerned, 就我而言

9.Taking all these into consideration考慮到? 10.accordingly 因此 11.therefore/ thus 因此 12.as has been noted 如前所述 13.as I have said 如我所述 14.by doing so 如此

15.to speak frankly/ to be frank 坦白地說 16.It is quite clear that 很明顯 17.There is no denying that ? 無可否認 18.Considering? 考慮到?

記敘文

1.It so happened that ____________.2.Just at the moment, ____________.3.It impressed me most because __________.4.What happened was ___________.5.At first, ____________.6.Almost at the same time, ___________.7.What’s more, ___________.8.As a result, ____________.9.As I understand, ____________.10.On the one hand, _____________.11.On the other hand, _____________.12.Therefore, ______________.1.指出事情發生的地點 2.描述事情的開端

3.描述事情使自己印象深刻的方面 4.記敘事情的性質或特征

5.事情進展或情況表現的一方面 6.事情進展或情況表現的另一方面 7.事情進展或情況表現的第三方面 8.事情的進展結果 9.我的理解或看法 10.理解或看法一

用心 愛心 專心 2

11.理解或看法二 12.結論

說明文

1.Recently, ____________ 2.What surprises us most is __________.3.It is true that ____________.4.There are many reasons explaining _______.5.The main reason is ________.6.In addition, __________.7.Thirdly, __________.8.As a result, _________.9.Considering all these, __________.10.For one thing, _________.11.For another/ Also, _____________.12.In a word, ___________.1.描述現象, 引起話題 2.表現較為典型的一個方面 3.對于現象作出評論

4.承上啟下, 解釋這一現象的原因 5.說明原因一 6.原因二 7.原因三

8.講述導致的結果 9.作者的態度 10.觀點一 11.觀點二

12.總結全文

議論文 1.There is a heated debate over _______.And different people offer different ideas.2.It is commonly accepted that ________.3.In contrast, others __________.4.Those who hold the first opinion suggest ___ 5.In their view, __________.6.However, others think __________.7.They argue that _________.8.As far as I am concerned, I agree with? 9.First of all, _________.10.Further more, ___________.11.Thirdly, ____________.12.In a word, ___________.1.兩種觀點針對的爭論焦點

用心 愛心 專心

2.觀點一

3.與觀點一對立的觀點二 4.觀點一的理由

5.深入闡述觀點一的理由 6.觀點二的理由

7.深入闡述觀點二的理由 8 我的看法

9.個人看法的依據一 10.個人看法的依據二 11.個人看法的依據三

12.個人結論或文章的結論 觀點論證

1.It is well known that __________.2.The truth of it is self-evident.3.As we know __________.4.As we know __________.5.Many examples can be found to prove ____.6.Take _________ for example.7.Furthermore, __________.8.It goes without saying that __________.9.Then, __________.10.There is no doubt that __________.11.In conclusion, ____________.1.提出觀點 2.強調觀點

3.觀點的理論依據 4.證明觀點的準確性 5.提出事實, 論證觀點 6.提出具體的例子 7.其他相關的事實

8.該相關的日常生活中的體現 9.重申該觀點的準確性 10.得出結論 11.總結全文

建議信

Date _________ Dear________, 1.I am delighted to learn that _________.2.It ____________.3.In my opinion __________.4.On the one hand, __________.5.On the other hand, _________.用心 愛心 專心4

6.As to ________, I suggest _________.7.If _________.8.It is unnecessary for you to _________.9.In addition, ___________.10.I am sure ____________.11.Please inform me ___________.12.I am looking forward to _______.Sincerely Yours, Signature 信息提示

信件啟首 1.寫心的原因 2.引出作者的建議 3.表述建議的內容 4.提出建議的理由一 5.建議的理由二

6.具體到某一方面的建議內容 7.供被建議人選擇的條件 8建議內容的另一方面 9.其他的建議 10.對

建議內容的評價

11.對建議內容所做的承諾 12.表達本人的愿望

信件結尾與簽名

圖表

1.Nowadays, there is a growing concern on _______.2.It is certain that _________.3.However, __________.4.It will cause many serious results if ______.5.Firstly, _________.6.Secondly, _________ 7.Finally, _________.8.In spite of all these, there are still many ways ____.9.First of all, ________.10.In addition, ________.11.Thirdly, ________.12.Only in this way, __________.1.提出問題

2.問題產生的背景 3.與背景相關的情況

用心 愛心 專心

4.問題產生的原因 5.原因一 6.原因二 7.原因三

8.解決這一問題的方法 9.方法一 10.方法二 11.方法三 12.指明前景 投訴信

Date _________ Dear ________, 1.My name is ________.2.I am ____________.3.I’m writing you a letter about _________.4.The focus of the complaint is __________.5.For one thing, ___________.6.For another, ____________.7.Honestly speaking, __________.8.But __________.9.Besides, ____________.10.All in all, there is much room for improvement 11.I do hope __________.12.Thank you for your time and kind consideration.Sincerely yours, Signature 信息提示

信件啟首 1.寫信人的身份 2.作者的身份 3.表述抱怨內容 4.提出抱怨的核心點 5.抱怨內容的一個方面 6.抱怨內容的另一個方面 7.客觀的評論

8.抱怨產生的原因一 9.抱怨產生的原因二

10.總結所抱怨的事情現象有改進的空間 11.表達本人的愿望 12.信件結尾的常用語

信件結尾與簽名

用心 愛心 專心 6

其他相關詞匯或句式

1.According to a recent survey, _________.2.the latest surveys show that ________.3.an increasing number of people 4.When it comes to education 5.No one can deny the fact that__________.6.It is generally accepted that ___________.7.This is a matter of life and death.8.For my part, ____________.9.In view of such serious situation 10.Despite many disadvantages 11.From what has been discussed above, ____.12.The issue has caused wide public concern.13.It must be noted that __________.14.As for me, __________.15.For the majority of people, _________.16.Consequently 17.It must be admitted that ________.18.point out 19.in favor of 20.It is universally acknowledged that ______.21.On no account will I help him.22.Never can you ?unless ?.23.People differ in their attitudes towards ?24.People are divided on the issue.1.根據最近的一項調查 2.最新的一些調查表明 3.越來越多的人 4.說起教育

5.沒有人能否否認這一事實 6.人們普遍認為

7.這是一件生死攸關的事.8.在我看來

9.鑒于事情非常嚴重 10.盡管?有很多缺陷 11.從以上討論中可知

12.這一問題引起了人們的廣泛關注 13.必須指出 14.對我而言

15.對于大多數人來說 16.因此 17.必須承認 18.指出說 19.贊成

用心 愛心 專心

20.大家都認為 21.我絕不會幫他.22.除非?你才能?

23.人們在?的想法是不同的.24.人們對?的看法不盡相同.有關 “起” 的詞語, 用語開篇或引出擴展句.1.at first/ in the beginning 起初 2.at present 現在;當今 3.recently/ lately 最近

4.first/ firstly/ first of all 第一 5.generally speaking 一般地說 6.on the whole 總的說來 7.It is well understood that ?

8.There goes a saying that ?.9.for one thing? for another/ also 首先?其次 10.presently 此刻;現在

11.to begin with/ to start with 首先;第一 12.in general 一般來說 13.on the one hand? on the other hand

一方面? 另一方面

14.As the saying goes, ‘?’.俗話說, ?

用心 愛心 專心 8

第二篇：高考英語寫作教案

高考英語寫作講義

-------張雄

Part 1

高考英語寫作模板句型

（一）段首句

1.關于……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為……

There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest

that ____.2.俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。

There is an old saying______.It“s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3.現在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____

Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4.現在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.5.任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both

advantages and disadvantages.6.關于……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為（說）……，在他們看來，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say

that ______.To them,_____.7.人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more

serious.8.……已成為人的關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發激烈的辯論。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young

and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發一些嚴重的問題。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it

has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as

well.10.根據圖表/數字/統計數字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar

graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but

why?

（二）中間段落句

1.相反，有一些人贊成……，他們相信……，而且，他們認為……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they

say____.2.但是，我認為這不是解決……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don”t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst

of all，___.3.……對我們國家的發展和建設是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country“s development and

construction.First，______.What”s more, _____.Most important of all,______.4.有幾個可供我們采納的方法。首先，我們可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

5.面臨……，我們應該采取一系列行之有效的方法來……。一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures

to______.For one thing，______For another，______

6.早就應該拿出行動了。比如說……，另外……。所有這些方法肯定會……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In

addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.7.為什么……？第一個原因是……；第二個原因是……；第三個原因是……。總的來說，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is

______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to

______.8.然而，正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has

its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.盡管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意……這種觀點（陳述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.（三）結尾句

1.至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點，我認為……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think

that ____.2.總而言之，整個社會應該密切關注……這個問題。只有這樣，我們才能在將來……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.3.但是，……和……都有它們各自的優勢（好處）。例如，……，而……。然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于（喜歡）……

But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____，while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.4.就我個人而言，我相信……，因此，我堅信美好的未來正等著我們。因為……

Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I’m confident that a bright

future is awaiting us because______.5.隨著社會的發展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每個人都愿為社會貢獻自已的一份力量，這個社會將要變得越來越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it“s urgent and necessary to

____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be

better and better.6.至于我（對我來說，就我而言），我認為……更合理。只有這樣，我們才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.7.對我來說，我認為有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同樣重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First

_____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.8.在總體上很難說……是好還是壞，因為它在很大程度上取決于……的形勢。然而，就我個人而言，我發現……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very

much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view

find______.9.綜上所述，我們可以清楚地得出結論……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the

conclusion that____.10.如果我們不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了這種趨勢，就會出現一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我們應該做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some

undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.Part 2

高考英語寫作模板文體

對比觀點題型

（1）

要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。

1．有一些人認為。。2．

另一些人認為。。3．

我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They

hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more，③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由

二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點）.The reason is that ⑨

--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain

my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）

給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點

Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點一）.For example, they think ②

-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④

-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的

理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對 文章所討論主題的看法)．

闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個主題出發，按照提綱的要求進行論述． １．

闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義． ２．

分析并舉例使其更充實．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that----------------(釋

義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(舉例說明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(舉例說明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember

the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll

necessarily benefit a lot from it.解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑 １．

問題現狀

２．

怎樣解決(解決方案的優缺點)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(說明Ａ的現狀)．Second,---------------(舉例進一步說明現狀)

So we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.First,---------------(解決方法一).Then-------------(解決方法二).Furthermore,--------------(解決方法三).In my opinion, I believe that-------------(我的解決方法).Finally, I think that a bright future is coming soon because--------------(帶來的好處).說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態度（或對事物前景提出預測）

１．

說明事物現狀

２．

事物本身的優缺點（或一方面）３．

你對現狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的優點之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的優點之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一個缺點)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二個缺點)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(對前景的預測)．)

議論文的框架

(1)不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優點一______.And secondly ___優點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, ”every coin has two sides“, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.(3)答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: ” ___諺語_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..圖表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.實用性寫作（申請信)

Your address

Month, Date, year Receiver’s address Dear..., I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours，X X X 現象說明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________ ____.In Conclusion____________________.《范文》

一種事物或現象（負面意義傾向）

關于A的話題,早已引起了廣泛的社會關注。如今在電視、報紙、日常生活的很多角落，都有越來越多的關于A的議論。

給A一個精確恒定的定義并非易事，因為它的概念涉及了科學、人性、思想、經濟、社會、自然等廣闊的領域。一般而言，我們可以這樣描述A…

A能成為公眾關注的焦點，主要是由于它對個人、集體乃至整個世界都有著不容忽視的不良影響。

認真分析后我們可以看到，A對社會/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，從最直觀的角度來看，A的出現直接損害了（這里加入一句針對性的話，如人類的身體健康和環境的平衡）。（舉例）。其次，從更深一層次上講，它為人類的精神文明蒙上了一層陰影。更可怕的是，由于A所產生微小利益，卻促成了許多可悲的人們為其忘乎所以，破壞了人類生存的法則和空間。

事實上，A的出現是社會發展和人類進步的產物，A所帶來的危害是人類進化過程中付出的代價。同時，A的產生來源于部分人們的自私和趨利性，他們看到的是膚淺和片面的利益，而從未從整個全局和人類整體的利益出發去認識和分析它。這使得A始終揮之不去。對此，我奉勸他們，跳出狹小的角落，用長遠和全局的眼光去重新審視A。

而如今，我們已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我們必須從根源上杜絕它的產生，我們每一個人都應給予A高度的重視，用系統的和科學的方法去解決，唯有這樣，避免它帶來更多損失，我們人類前進的腳步才會更加平穩，更加歡快的邁向輝煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.Part 3

高考英語名言

1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

2.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。

3.Easier said than done.說起來容易做起來難。

4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。

5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，謬之千里。

6.Slow and steady wins the race.穩扎穩打無往而不勝。

7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一塹，長一智。

8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.實踐出真知。

9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。

10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.無德之美猶如沒有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

11.More hasty,less speed.欲速則不達。

12.Its never too old to learn.活到老，學到老。

13.All that glitters is not gold.閃光的未必都是金子。

14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。

15.Look before you leap.三思而后行。

16.Rome was not built in a day.偉業非一日之功。

17.Great minds think alike.英雄所見略同。

18.well begun,half done.好的開始等于成功的一半。

19.It is hard to please all.眾口難調。

20.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不見，心不念。

21.Facts speak plainer than words.事實勝于雄辯。

22.Call back white and white back.顛倒黑白。

23.First things first.凡事有輕重緩急。

24.Ill news travels fast.壞事傳千里。

25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見真情。

26.live not to eat,but eat to live.活著不是為了吃飯，吃飯為了活著。

27.Action speaks louder than words.行動勝過語言。

28.East or west,home is the best.金窩銀窩不如自家草窩。

29.Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。

30.Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能當飯吃。

31.Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。

32.The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。

33.Do as Romans do in Rome.入鄉隨俗。

34.An idle youth,a needy age.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。

35.As the tree,so the fruit.種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。

36.To live is to learn,to learnistobetterlive.活著為了學習，學習為了更好的活著。

Part 4 高考寫作常用連接詞

1、表示時間的

af first 起初

next 接下來

then 然后

after that 那以后

later 后來

soon 不久

soon/shortly after ……之后不久

finally 最后

in the end 最后

eventually 最終

at last 終于

lately近來 recently 最近

since then 自從那時起

after that 那以后

in no time 不一會兒

after a while 一會兒

afterward 后來

to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一點

immediately 立即、馬上

meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期間、同時

earlier, until now 直到現在suddenly=all of a sudden 突然

as a young man 當…… 是個年輕人的時候

at the age of… 在……歲的時候

as early as 早……的時候

as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 幾天前

early in the morning 大清早

after/before dark 天黑后/前

one day 有一天

one afternoon 一天下午

one morning 一天早晨

2、表示空間的to the right/left 朝右/左

on the rinht/left 在右/左邊

in the middle of 在中間

in front of 在前面

in the front of 在前面

at the back of 在后面

at the bottom of 在底部

on the edge of 在……的邊上

on top of 在……的頂部

opposite to 與……相對

close to 靠近

near to 在……附近

next to 與……相鄰

under 垂直在下

over 垂直在上

below 在下方

above 在上方

across 在……的另一邊

around 在周圍

behind 在后

before 在前 against 靠著、抵著

further on 再往前

3、表示列舉和時序

first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last

4、表示列舉

for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is(to say)也就是說

such as 如……

take…for example 拿……來說

like 像……

5、表示比較或對比

like 像

unlike 不像

similarly 同樣地 in the same way 以相同的方式

compared to 與……相比

while 而

still=nevertheless 然而

on the contrary 正相反

different from 與……不同

on(the)one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面

in contrast with 與……成對比

6、表示增補

and 而且

both…and 不但……而且

not only…but also 不但……而且

as well as 不但……而且

also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且

in addition 并且

apart from 除了……之外

what's more 而且、更重要的for another 另一方面

worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是

including 包括

7、表示因果

because 因為

since 既然

as 由于

now that 既然

therefore 因此

thus 這樣

so 所以

as a result(of)結果

because of=on account of 因為

thanks to 多虧、由于

for this reason 由于這個原因

if so 如果這樣

if not 如果不是這樣

8、表示目的for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that…

9、表示讓步

though/although no matter+疑問句

in spite of

whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though

10、表示遞進或強調

besides 況且

what's more 更重要地是

thus 這樣

above all 首先

indeed 的確

in fact/ as a matter of fact 事實上

in other words 換句話說

in that case 那樣的話

or rather 更確切地說

particularly 特別地

11、表示轉折

but 但是

still 然而

however 然而

while 而

12、表示總結

in a/one word 簡言之、一句話、總之 generally speaking 一般說來

in short=in a few words 簡言之

in conclusion=lastly 最后地

on the whole=taking everything into consideration 從總體來看、大體上

so 所以

therefore 因此

thus 這樣

as has been mentioned 正如所提到的it is quite clear that 很顯然

there is no doubt that 毫無疑問

it is well-known that 大家都知道

as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道

as/so far as I know 據我所知

to sum up=to summarize=in summary 總之

13、表示轉折話題

by the way 順便說

I am afraid 我恐怕

in my opinion 依我看來

to tell the truth 說實話

to be honest 誠實地說 in face 事實上

第三篇：高考英語寫作常見的高級詞匯

啊高考英語寫作常見的高級詞匯

老師在講評書面表達時，經常告訴學生說，書面表達要得高分，就得有高級句型和高級詞匯；但很多同學在寫書面表達時，總認為高級句型和高級詞匯很神秘，高不可及。其實，未必如此！通過研讀一些優秀的學生習作和歷年高考書面表達的范文，我們發現，很多所謂的高級句型和高級詞匯正是我們老師反復講解和訓練的。下面列舉一些常見且高級的詞匯，供同學們參考。

1．occur 替換 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.→

An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2．devote替換spend He spends all his spare time in reading.→

He devotes all his spare time to reading.3．seek替換want / look for They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4．average 替換ordinary I’m an average(ordinary)student.5．but替換very The film we saw last night was very interesting.→

The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6．seat 替換sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road, looking worried.7．suppose 替換should He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8．appreciate 替換thank Thank you very much for you help.→

We appreciate your help very much./ Your help is much appreciated.9．the case替換 true I don’t think it is the case(true).10．on替換as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research.→

On his arrival, he began his research..11．due to替換because of He arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12．cover替換walk/read After covering(walking)10 miles, we all felt tired.13．contribute to替換 be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.→

Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14．round the corner 替換 coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby).15．come to light替換discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.→

The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16．have a ball替換have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school.Every one of us had a ball(had a good time).17．come up with替換think of Jack is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.18．set aside替換save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.19．be of + n.替換adj.The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China.20．refer to 替換talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.21．can not but / can not help but替換have to do I could not but(had to)go home.22．more often than not替換usually More often than not(Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23．lest替換so that /in order that I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it.→

I wrote down his telephone number lest I(should)forget it.24．be long for sth./ be long to do sth.替換want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much.→

I am long to see you.25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替換be interested in He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps.26．more than替換very ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.→

I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.27．perfect(ly)替換good/ very well He speaks perfect(good)English./ He speaks English perfectly(very well).28．do sb a/the favor 替換help Would you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio? 29．the other day替換a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.30．in the course of替換during In the course of(During)the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31．the majority of替換most The majority of(Most of)the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32．consist of替換be made up of Our class consists of(is made up of)50 students.33．be worn out替換 be tired / broken ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out(tired).② My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.34．become of替換 happen What do think has become of(happened to)him ? 35．attend to替換look after 36．on condition that替換as long as 37．nevertheless替換however 38．express one’s satisfaction with替換be satisfied with 39．spare no efforts to do替換try one’s best to do 40．many a 替換many 41．be rushed off one’s feet 替換be busy in doing 42．a handful of替換a little / some 43．meanwhile替換at the same time 44．get to one’s feet替換stand up 45．beneath替換under 46．occasionally替換sometimes /once in while 47．for instance替換for example 48．seldom替換not often 49．wealthy替換 rich 50．amazing替換surprising 51．as a matter of fact 替換in fact

第四篇：英語寫作常見錯誤

一、大學生英語作文常見問題

1.文化差異造成作文不切題

英漢不同的語篇思維模式是造成不切題的直接原因。中國人的寫作方式一貫是含蓄、委婉的，而英美人則喜歡開門見山地敘述主題；所以我國學生在進行英語寫作時，由于受漢語語篇思維模式的影響，闡述時不能從主題入手，不能緊扣主題進行寫作，致使文章主題不明確、觀點不夠鮮明。

2.缺乏寫作技巧

學生對寫作技巧掌握的不足，主要體現在作文中所使用的句式上。許多大學生在寫作中一味地采用短句、“主—謂—賓”、“主—系—表”這類結構的簡單句。即使出現一些長句，用的往往也是“and”、“but”、“if”、“because”等最簡單的關聯詞。雖然在平時的課堂上也學習了大量表示因果、轉折、對比、遞進、并列等關系的關聯詞，但是在實際的寫作過程中卻不會使用，即使偶爾使用了，又常常出現拼寫或是使用不當的錯誤。可見，學生在平時的學習過程中，缺乏對此類過渡性詞語的使用訓練。正確使用不同的過渡性詞語尚且無法做到，而倒裝句、省略句、強調句、排比句等復雜的句式，在大學生作文中更是難得一見了。句式的單一，導致文章讀起來枯燥無味，沒有新鮮感；過多地使用短句、簡單句更使文章的語言顯得幼稚、缺乏連貫性。

一篇好文章的條件很多。除了內容豐富和組織緊密之外，詞匯的運用和句子的處理，也起著決定性作用。句子可長可短，同一件事，可以用不同的句式表達。如果句子清一色是簡單句，文章必定很單調乏 味。如果全篇充滿了冗長的復雜句，讀起來也很費力。

最好的方法是以簡單句為基礎，配合適當的并列 句和復雜句。簡單句可長可短，通常要加些附屬成分，如分詞短語、介詞短語、副詞短語、不定式動詞 短語，以及節縮成分。總之，作者可根據情況，使句子多樣化，使文章靈活多姿。例如下列五個句子的基本概念一樣，但 是句式不同，內容重點也有些差別：

(1)The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the

approaching hunter.(并列結構(1)+2)

(2)Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter.(現在分語短語+簡單句)

(3)In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter.(介詞短語+并列結構(1)+2)

(4)There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the

approaching hunter.(簡單句+形容語短語)

(5)As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter.(原因副詞從句+主句)

3.作文語言錯誤

語言錯誤是在大學生作文中最顯著、最普遍的問題。它包括單詞拼寫錯誤、標點錯誤、詞語搭配、時態語態等語法錯誤，還包括學生受母語影響所寫出的“中國式英語”。在有些學生作文里，語法錯誤頻率之高甚至于無法讓人找到一個完全正確的句子。例如：

（1）Congratulations, we managed to finished training and through the check when we step on goose step in the front of platform.（2）Then the Chinese woman began to hardworking and saving money, while the American loaded money from the bank.4.句子結構不完整

一般說來，正常的句子必須包含一個主語和一個謂語，否則就是錯誤的。例如：

(1)Aussuming(Assuming)that something happen that we unexpected likes get sick, buy something, and so on.(2)As far as we know that making money is not easy in the least.此類錯誤就是語法結構不完整，主要表現在句子中謂語動詞的缺失，復合句中主句的缺失等。

5.語句表達漢語化

除了詞匯和語法方面的問題以外，漢語式英語的現象也在學生的寫作中普遍存在。如把“打某人的臉”說成“hit somebody's face”(應為“hit somebody in the face”)，把“天黑了” 說成“The sky becomes dark ”(應為“It becomes dark”)。由于英語不是母語，要想克服此種現象，必須做到寫作時盡量用英語思維，而不是借助漢語翻譯。

(1)I think economize money will be better.First, hardworking and thritly(thrifty)is a tine(fine)tradition of Chinese.(2)There are many young people like spending tomorrow’s money.二、大學生作文不理想的原因分析

1.英語基礎薄弱

基礎薄弱主要表現為學生對語法知識掌握不牢及對基本詞匯記憶不清。比如，大多數作文中出現了定冠詞和不定冠詞的濫用，主謂不一致，單復數搞不清楚(例如：a people等)，時態和語態混亂及詞語的各種形式掌握不牢，甚至句子結構不完整等現象。拿句子不完整舉例來說，它指的是有些學生因為對句子結構認識模糊，所以出現只寫半句的現象，這也是造成失分的原因之一，如下：

（1）Because they thought their wages were too low．

（2）While waiting for their arrival．

.2.詞匯量太小

對詞匯學習不夠重視，對已學詞匯把握不住，只知其一不知其二。沒有將所學習的詞匯運用到句子中去。有些學生認為大學考試中詞匯考試占比率小或不占比率，也就放松了

詞匯學習。因此導致進大學后，學生詞匯量沒有擴大，也是一個不容忽視的原因；詞匯的有限導致許多學生有口難言，一旦用英語寫作就好像被縛住了手腳，欲說不能。對他們來說，用英語作文實在是一件很頭疼的事情。

3.缺乏思想，深度不夠

英語考試中大部分學生不能得高分還有一個重要原因，就是他們的作文缺乏思想、深度不夠。很多雖然已是大二的學生，甚至是大三大四學生，但是他們在作文當中所表現出的智力水平與閱歷似乎只相當于一個初中或高中生，寫出的文章著眼點低、視野狹窄，缺乏深度。

4.缺乏應試技巧

缺乏應試技巧，主要表現為有些學生在篇首或篇尾有喊口號傾向(如Dear Friends，let's not hesitate to say“No”)；或畫蛇添足，本來文章該結束了卻偏要羅羅嗦嗦地再來兩句多余的話；另外一些學生對字數把握不準，不是寫得太短就是寫得太長。寫得太短的會因為字數不夠而失分，寫得太長會分散閱卷老師的精力，也“言多易失”，反而得不償失。還有一些學生書寫潦草、筆跡模糊，讓閱卷老師難以辨認。

以上簡要分析了大學生英語寫作中常見的問題，也是大學英語寫作教學應該注意的幾個問題。寫好一篇英語作文，從整體來說要按照以下步驟進行：明確寫作目的，擬訂文章結構綱目；列出與文章主題有關的事實，說明或議論材料；考慮最佳表達形式；在草擬的提綱中把內容進行分類，刪去無關內容；寫作應一氣呵成，完成后，對字、詞、句、段進行斟酌，并檢查文章是否完整。

三、提高大學生英語寫作水平的相關對策

造成大學生英語寫作能力偏低的原因是復雜的，既有環境因素的影響，也有學生、教師

主觀上不重視，還有客觀條件的限制。要解決問題，必須從這些方面下手，全方位地進行。1.提高學生及教師對英語寫作重要性的認識

現在，許多學生對英語學習的認識仍然存在誤區。大多數人學習英語的目標就是通過大學英語四、六級考試，以便在畢業的時候好找工作。很多人并不認為自己將來真的會使用到英語。然而事實上，在世界全球化的時代背景下，在外資或者外貿領域的工作中，與外國上級或同事，以及國外的客戶進行英文的文書溝通，早已是家常便飯了。但是在教學中，寫作能力的培養卻沒有引起足夠的重視。為了引起師生們對英語寫作的重視，建議在高考、四六級考試、研究生入學考試等大型考試中，增加英語寫作成績所占的比重，讓學生對語言掌握的程度在寫作的測試中能夠很好地得到反映。

2.重視詞匯學習

語音、語法和詞匯既是語言的三大要素，又是表達功能的手段，也是進行交際和思維的最重要的手段。詞匯是語言體系中結構和意義的統一體，是語言的主要的基本單位。在英語寫作方面，有的習作表現是用詞過于簡單、平淡、有的習作中出現了不少晦澀的偏詞，但這些詞本身可能出現搭配貼切性等問題。因此，只有在詞匯學習時，認真掌握詞的確切含義及其用法，在英語寫作中才能準確地選擇單詞或短語來表達自己的思想。有的學生不能生動具體地表達含義，例如：We think that insisting will lead to success．如果能在這個句子中用上更生動的單詞或詞組就會使其更加具體，從而避免內容泛泛而空洞。前面句子可改成：We hold the idea that perseverance is one of the important factors in leading US to success.3.利用例句、范文強化訓練

要求學生多接觸各種題材的范文是非常有必要的。具體步驟是：范文展示——范文解釋——在教師指導下總結各種題材的范文格式——細讀范文。在命題作文訓練時還需要注意以下幾個問題：一是審題，它是寫好文章的前提，注意文章的題材和表達格式；二是確定主

題及編寫提綱；三是寫初稿，然后仔細修改。注意內容是否齊全，關聯詞語是否恰當，標點使用是否正確，字數是否符合要求；四是要求學生盡可能用英語思維，不要寫“漢語式的英語作文”。對于英語作文而言，多練肯定是一個永恒的法寶，能使人的表達清晰，西諺云：Writing makes an exact man。

4.加強閱讀訓練

常言道：讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神，這一點也完全適于英語寫作。寫作是一種語言輸出形式，只有語言輸入大于語言輸出，語言輸出才有可能：只有積累了一定的英語思想感受和大量的英語語言素材，才有可能寫好的英語作文。閱讀不僅能幫助學生積累思想，也能幫助他們積累語言素材。在閱讀過程中應細心分析和揣摩原文的語言特點、遣詞造句、習慣用法和固定搭配等。不但要細讀、精讀，而且還要摘錄其中的常用詞組。長期堅持這樣的練習，頭腦中自然會存儲大量優美、地道的表達法，寫英語作文時自然會得心應手，筆下生花。

5.注重批改講評

學生完成作文后，教師應注重文章的評改工作。很多大學生不喜歡教師抽樣批改作文，他們希望教師對每一篇作文都認真批閱，對教師肯定其作文優點的愿望十分強烈。因此，教師應認真批閱每一位學生的習作，采用比較科學、直觀的評分標準，要指出習作中的主要優缺點及改進方向。將學生習作中普遍性的錯誤記下來，在堂上集中講解糾正。講評優秀作文時，教師與學生一道發表自己的見解，從布局謀篇到英語遣詞造句，從多角度進行賞析。用“學生教學生”的辦法常能收到事半功倍的效果。

總之，通過對學生英語寫作常見問題的剖析并采取相應的對策，經過不懈的努力訓練，大學生們用英語寫作的積極性及英語寫作的能力不難達到理想的高度。

第五篇：英語寫作用語【通用】整理

英語寫作用語

1.人名Edward, Harry, Jack, James, Jason, Jimmy, Jerry, Judy, Julia, Kate, Katie, Kim, Mary, Mike, Larry, Nancy, Nicola, Paul, Peter, Phillip, Rebecca, Rose, Ruby, Sabrina, Simon, Steve, Sue, Susan, Tom

Abraham Lincoln, Albert Einstein, Alfred Nobel, Beethoven, Benjamin Franklin, Charlie Chaplin, Charles Darwin, Goodyear(discoverer of rubber), Churchill, Columbus, Father Christmas, Florence Nightingale, Francis Bacon, Franz Schubert, Jane Goodall, Johann Strauss the Younger, Helen Keller & Anne Mansfield, Kennedy, Louis Braille, Marco Polo, Mark Twain, Michelangelo, Mozart, Mother Teresa, Pele, Thomas Edison, Sullivan, Louis Braille, Marconi 意大利工程師和發明家，他在1901年把長波無線電信號傳送過大西洋。1909年獲得諾貝爾物理獎, Marie Curie(Cf.Pierre Curie), Martin Luther King, Jr, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Tchaikovsky, Walt Disney, Vincent Van Gogn,2.人物描寫 funny-looking(樣子好笑的)，good-looking(好看的), strong-looking , ugly-looking , dirty-looking , ordinary-looking , blue-eyed , white-eyed , warm-hearted , light-hearted , kind-hearted , absent-minded , tall , short , beautiful , pretty , lovely , naughty,be blind , lame in , be in good or poor condition,healthy,fine,well , strong-tempered , bad-tempered , near-sighted , far-sighted , foolish , stupid , silly , clever , smart , wise , bright ,diligent , intelligent , lazy , hard working, renowned 著名的3.情感 like, love, be interested in, be fond of… hate, despair of, dislike, be tired of, lose interest in… happy, excited, pleased, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, anxious, offended, disappointed, terrified, mad, frightened, shocked, astonished, wonder about/ at

4.語言交流 Arabic, Chinese, English, German, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish,body language, eye contact, medical terms, Native language, official language, second language, sexist language, sign language 手語, the international language, body language, casual/ close friends, common feelings, communication problem, daily interaction, eye-contact, facial expression, gesture, non-verbal communication, short-term/ long-term friendships, table manners

5.文化交流cross-cultural studies, exchange activities, home stay, exchange students

6.歷史與文明 ancient civilizations, cultural heritage, cultural relics, historical events,7.教育學習a top student, academic institutions, answer sheet, audio-visual aids視聽輔助設備, a bachelor’s degree, campus, class time, college education, college degree, educational institute, elementary school(Cf.primary school), evening classes, final exams, for further study(深造), high/ low marks, high school graduate, general cleaning(大掃除), a model student, a normal university, objective test(Cf.essay test), platform, a poor grade, reading materials, reading speed, scholarship, school fees, school report, self-discipline, a senior three student(Cf.senior high school One, senior high school education), short-term memory, speech contest, study habits, supplementary exercise, teaching method/ approach, textbooks, the time table, top honors, tutorial center, school uniforms, university course, university degree, to reduce study load學生減負, to teach students according to their aptitude因材施教

8.成長與未來 all-round adj.多方面的, 多才多藝的childhood, adulthood, disadvantaged family background, generation gap(Cf.close the gap), life in the future, material rewards, merits and demerits, personal development, primary teacher, single-parent family, teenager, blue print藍圖, 設計圖, 方案, narrow escape九死一生,9.身體與健康 appetite, artificial organs, a balanced diet, blood bank, blood circulation, blood donation, blood test, blood type, body function, cancer, digestion, eating disorder, eating habits, health care 保健, health problem, health studio, heart attack(Cf.heart disease), infectious disease, life-saving medicine, life

style, mosquito spray, personal hygiene, physical exercise, physical/ mental problem(Cf.mental state, physical/ mental work), personal doctor, psychological therapy = mental therapy, sleeping pills, subconscious mind, sunbathing(Cf.sun-tan oil), virus(es), vitamin pills, welfare(Cf.working conditions),10.法制與治安 criminal activity, criminal case, crime of violence, crime rate, gamble 賭博, heroin, law

and order 治安, laws and regulations, safety rules, the traffic rules, the golden rule金規玉律

11.天氣 the weather forecast, weatherman氣象員

12.科學技術 brain work, chemistry lab, nuclear energy, power station(發電站), radioactive elements, radium,research centers, scientific breakthrough, scientific data, the Internet, the Nobel Prize(for Physics, etc., Recepient of Nobel Prize), “On the Origin of Species”(natural selection, the survival of the fittest), the Theory of Evolution, the theory of relativity, computer fraud, computer network, computer software, computer-assisted phone system, computer virus, digital revolution, the World Wide Web, the era of nanotechnology納米技術時代, computer assisted instruction計算機輔助教學, safety net安全網, virtual net虛擬網, virtual reality虛擬現實, cyberspace網絡空間, shopping online網上購物, virtual bank虛擬銀行, netizen（net citizen）網民, computer crime電腦犯罪, information management知識管理, the e-lance economy電子自由職業經濟, the e-business電子商務, broadband connections寬帶通訊, cellular communications蜂窩通訊, cyber love 網蟲, on-line在網上, chatting-room 聊天室,mobile phone 移動電話, Internet addict，cyberaddict網迷

13.變革與發展 the Global Village, the Information Age/ the era of information, the Industry Revolution

(assembly line), the open-door policy

14.實事、事件 civil rights movement, current affairs, events in the news(world events), the American Civil War,the French Revolution, hope project(希望工程), hot point(熱點), hot line(熱線), the World Expo/ Exposition, independence of Taiwan臺獨, Taiwan authorities 臺灣當局, Taiwan compatriots臺灣同胞, Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory臺灣是中國領土不可分割的一部分, PNTR（Permanent Normal Trade Relations）永久正常貿易關系, 西部大開發：Development of the West Regions

15.災難救助 accident traps, ambulance, band-aid, blood transfusion, charity appeals, a charity fun fair慈善游

藝活動, demonstration 演習, donation, fire brigade, fire engines, fire man, first aid, medical supplies, road accident, drought, earthquake floods, famine, forest fires, refugee, starvation, tornadoes, victim,16.大眾媒體 e-mail(Cf.password), mass media(pl.), news resources, newspaper items, sports news, the

(world/ western)press, the TV Guide 收視指南, TV commercials,17.自然與環境 acid rain, chemical process(Cf.by-product), desert, electricity, electrical/ water power,environmental consciousness, environmentally friendly對環境無害(Cf.ozone-friendly), energy-saving lamps, food chains, greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases, greed products/ food, indoor air quality, natural resources, oxygen(carbon dioxide), pollution-control device, pro-environmental campaign, radium, rain forest, the ocean floor, over-population, paper recycling project, photosynthesis, sewage treatment system, water/ air/ noise/ chemical pollution(Cf.anti-pollution laws), water supplies, wind power, pollution index污染指數, prevention and control of pollution source污水源治理, air quality and emission standards空氣質量和排放標準, green product綠色產品, environmental impact assessment環境影響評估, noise monitoring噪聲監測, noise abatement噪聲治理, trans-century green engineering program跨世紀綠色工程規劃

18.（宇宙）探險astronaut, “challenger” disaster, communication satellite, interplanetary travel, Mars(Cf.Venus), NASA, Neil Armstrong, outer space(外太空), satellite, a(leading)space power, spacecraft(Cf.spacesuits, space station, space shuttle, space technology, space travel), telescope

19.態度與思想 a feeling of internal joy and satisfaction, a sense of self, affection, ambition, attachment, a

guilty/ clear conscience, capability, cheerful, commitment, considerate, courage and confidence, creative spirit 創新精神, drive動力, enthusiasm, frankness, generous, honesty, idealism, modesty, motivation,personal beliefs, physical and emotional pain, pride, respect, self-confidence, strength and wisdom

adj.adaptable, aggressive, ambitious, boastful, brave, courageous, creative, dishonest, easy-going, enthusiastic, firm-minded, flexible, heroic, idealistic, impatient, industrious, innocent, justice, modest, moody, optimistic, passionate, persevering, punctual, reserved, reliable, self-conscious, selfless, sensitive, sociable, straightforward, trustworthy, upright, wise,20.事物 back numbers過期書刊, brainchild, call slip借書卡, credit card 信用卡, electrical equipment, hearing

aids, price tags 價目標簽，finished products成品, high-rise buildings, household items 家庭用品，primary wrong doer, synthetic substances合成物質, three-course/ five-course etc meal

21.抽象事物aerobatics, anthropology, artificial intelligence, aesthetic value, ecology, economics, ecotourism,geography, journalism, literature, oceanography, photography, politics, psychology, three primary colors, zoology