第一篇：三孔的英文導(dǎo)游詞

山東濟(jì)寧曲阜的孔府、孔廟、孔林，統(tǒng)稱“三孔”，是中國(guó)歷代紀(jì)念孔子，推崇儒學(xué)的表征，以豐厚的文化積淀、悠久歷史、宏大規(guī)模、豐富文物珍藏。下面是小編為大家整理的三孔英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞，歡迎參考!

三孔英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞一

Ladies and gentlemen: qufu is our country ancient times a great thinker, politician and educator Confucius's hometown, one of the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities published.Confucius had a famous saying: “there is companion come from afar, joy.” Today, I had the privilege to you as a tour guide, very happy.I will do my best to provide satisfactory service for you, the deficiency, please correct me criticism.Qufu overview before a visit to the “three holes”, please allow me to introduce qufu overview:

Qufu is situated at in and plain of shandong province at the junction, north depends on mount tai, south Yi mountain, the east river bank Mongolia mountains, west plains of over thousand domain.Terrain east west high low, domestic SiHe, YiHe river flows from east to west, from ancient times there is “the saint door back water”.Products rich, pleasant scenery.Great poet qufu Li Baiceng describes: “smile boast a friend refers to despair, the graceful green such as LAN”.Qufu has a long history, as early as fifty-six thousand years ago, our ancestors would thrive here, created the early human civilization.Many ancient books, and the yan emperor, wu migration are less in qufu, the yellow emperor was born in longevity hill(qufu east eight miles), shun in life for what sorts of records.Visible, China ancient times the most influential in the existence of four people left traces in qufu.Although this is a legend, but also is not groundless.From more than 20 section of the preserved in dawenkou culture and longshan culture sites still remains visible to our ancestors conquering nature.“One of the earliest qufu” in rites > >.The eastern han dynasty YingShao explained: “east lu mound, winding in the seven or eight long, therefore qufu.” The early stage of the shang dynasty, qufu I, is one of the important vassal shang dynasty.“Duke of sealing in qufu” since the zhou dynasty for over 800 years, qufu for lu capital, and was an important political, economic and cultural center.The wind of spring and autumn period, Confucius pioneering private teaching, “three thousand disciples, the sage three thousand two” throughout all over the country, and became the center of education.Lu is a golden period in the history of qufu, well known for its “formal state”, so is still in use in shandong province “l(fā)u” as referred to.In 249 BC, chu lu, lu county, qin dynasty Xue Jun, the western han dynasty to lu, when the wei jin southern and northern dynasties to crewe.Sui emperor sixteen years(596), the first pronounce qufu county name.Song called fairy source county, jin recover qufu county name today.1986 withdraw XianZhi, called qufu.Now covers an area of 890 square kilometers and a population of more than 60.Long history, splendid culture, left a large number of cultural relics to qufu, mainly there are more than 110, the Confucius temple, Confucius, konglin was suggested and lu cultural site is listed as one of the first key cultural relics protection units by the national, 11 listed as the provincial key cultural relics protection units.“Three holes” in 1994 by the United Nations as a world cultural heritage.After the founding of new China, especially since the third plenary session of the eleventh party and state leaders of great concern, qufu monuments in countries has budgeted more than 3000 3000 yuan on the “three holes” chopped comprehensive repair.In recent years, in order to develop the tourism, qufu company development and construction of the memorial garden city of six arts, analects of Confucius, a batch of new tourist attractions such as lu shengshi huaxia culture city, the formation of humanities and natural landscape, the old and new scenic spots one integrated mass, synergies of new pattern of tourism resources, become the culture of Chinese and foreign tourists yearning resort.三孔英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞二

Ladies and gentlemen:

Now we are going to visit the ancient art museum, dai temple.Dai temple, used to be called “east”, also called tai temple, the main realms of the spirit of “mount tai”, also is the ancient emperors to taishan I tell the living and held a grand ceremony.Dai temple created a long history, the western han dynasty historical beginning of “namely domain, qin han palace” up.Tang opened far thirteen years(AD 725), amended Song Xiangfu two years(AD 1009)and on a large scale expansion, after the jin, yuan, Ming and qing dynasties billiton, gradually formed a large-scale buildings.Dai temple in downtown Tai’an City north, just old Thai city in the south gate, north DaiDing the worse on the central axis.North and south 405.7 meters long, 236.7 meters wide, was rectangular, covers an area of 96000 square meters.Dai temple architecture, in the form of the vertical and horizontal sides extension in ancient China, the overall layout to the north and the longitudinal axis, divided into the east, three axis of Chinese and western.East before and after the axis opzoon courtyard, east the throne, garden;Before and after the west axis have Tang Huai courtyard, ring wing pavilion court, made yuhua district monastery where;Axial qianmen, tianmen, ringha door, day after Kuang temple, living quarters, thick door.Subject construction of song day Kuang temple is located in the latter half of the dai temple in the crests stylobate, other building is located in the center courtyard outside, independent of each other, have immanent connection again.The building layout is according to the needs of religious and miyagi pattern design, formation of partition and bright, primary and secondary order, the unique style of of primitive simplicity, and through the changes of architectural space, in a solemn, solemn and deep, the mutual infiltration of park set each other off becomes an interest, in full.Temple towering temple and high into the clouds in the worse, give a person with beautiful feeling of mount tai.Dai temple city high castle built, Zhou Changsan li, three zhangs, around eight door, to the nankai five, for qianmen, left for the east yi door, then left, Yang halls;For west yi door, right and then right name;see the door Qingyang door in the name of the east, also called DongHuaMen;In the name of the element view door to the west, also called xihua gate;North lu pursuit in the name of the door, also called thick door.Each gate tower, dai temple in the four corner respectively with xun, gen, dried, publication turrets, the whole building magnificent, majestic, like a seat in the imperial palace of the emperor.Is dai temple, mount tai to the largest concentration of cultural relics.Here preserved the imperial sacrifices to full of beautiful things in the history of the phenomena of the god of mount tai, gifts, handicrafts, also has a flashing huaxia civilization guanghua taishan unearthed relics and the revolutionary historical relics, and save a lot of taishan classics and Taoism.More precious and 184 pieces of ancient steles and 48 pieces of han stone, become our country the third after xi 'an, qufu the forest of steles.Dai temple, it is a feast for the eyes of classical gardens.A kind of dragon PAM spin cooper, cover the ginkgo, exquisite exquisite bonsai, bright flowers, and for the booth of of primitive simplicity and elegant, table, floor, ge added ten thousand kinds of amorous feelings of coquetry.Dai temple, the picturesque scenery, attracts many Chinese and foreign tourists.Solemn and majestic dai temple, temple, cultural relic.Here every building embodies the Chinese ancient architectural art style, each piece reflects the civilization development of mount tai.Stroll in the art world, lifting eyes, raised his hand and touched the are national treasures, make the viewer power capacity, makes visitors sigh with emotion.Wei dai temple, is a fusion architecture, landscape, sculpture, painting and traditional Chinese ancient art museum.Now, we went to the place called “remote pavilion” refs.It is located in the middle of Tai’an City area, north song tong Yin, is located in the dai temple outside the qianmen, vestibular is dai temple, to enter the rudiments of dai temple.Whenever the ancient emperors held to taishan fiesta, visits by simple ceremony here first, for taishan the piety of god.Therefore, in ancient times is also called “grass and pavilion”.Ming jiajing thirteen years(AD 1534), shandong lu via become deputy political suggestion, before he left to “remote pavilion”, have been extended ever since.Remote and TingMen outside the remote and fang is qianlong 35 years(AD 1770)to create, so far intact.Otherwise the pole high vertical, about iron lion crouching columns.Fang south “double order”, the qing guangxu six years(AD 1880)to start building, square assembled, the queen mother pool of water, surrounded by dai temple into the pool.Because of pool in the northwest, southeast corner have a stone in and out of the water tap the name.Fanaw is tong Yin, make the person one gate into Thai south of the city is surrounded by mystery, “heaven” solemn atmosphere.Pool of the north China plate inscribed with “l(fā)ue tianchi” four words.In 1992, in the pool with white marble columns, carve patterns or designs on woodwork perimeter of 63 meters, in order to protect the cultural relics.Has qing dynasty stone columns in the east and two-way, has “jinan May 30th massacre memorial” on the north and northwest edge with ancient one, legend of the tang dynasty rooted, up to now, branches and leaves bushiness is green and luxuriant..Around double the order for a small square, surrounded by ancient buildings, form a beautiful picture.Remote pavilion for pavilion type compound, 52 meters wide from east to west, north and south 66.2 meters long, with a total area of 3442.4 square meters.Main hall 5, built in the center of the courtyard rectangle above the stylobate, 10.8 meters wide, 7.75 meters deep, Lao 7.9 meters, five to four column beam, nine ridge eaves jehiel mountain type, Huang Wa coping.In the qing dynasty Ceng Sibi xia yuan jun.On both sides of things peidian peidian all intermediate.Remote pavilion is a set of independent buildings, but with the dai temple on the connotation and unified, because of its existence, the dai temple solemn and mysterious atmosphere foil more strong.This is both independent and unified style, not only in the mountains, is rare in existing ancient buildings in China.Remote and pavilion in the tang dynasty once called “remote”, folk have “to visit mount tai, god worship first remote door ginseng”.When you visit the dai temple, also should first start from remote and kiosks.Through the remote pavilion, the “dai fang” of the head is eleven years(AD 1672), shandong province, the qing emperor kangxi originally create day origin.Fang 12 meters high, 9.8 meters wide, 3 meters deep, and three to four column type.Three lane, heavy beam four-column brick reliefs.Circulation before and after the four pillars have eight stone lions on pier, different posture;Heavy beam four pillars engraved with “red phoenix in morning chaoyang”, “praised”, “group of cranes make lotus”, “imagination” and so on more than 20 group of auspicious image lifelike birds benevolent and all kinds of flower pattern.The entire Shi Fang chic modelling, KeLou through fine, as in the qing dynasty stone carving art treasures.South lane column with couplets on the both sides of north and south of shi day by “big pole in the day, great body KangSheng everything;the emperor to shock, HeSheng zhuo ling town east”.North of qing dynasty in shandong to the governor, the ministry of war assistant minister Zhao Xiangxing problem “for the system of yue, the nations in the pursuit of wei DE He Keshang;mixed group of spirit of regent, kyushu on roaming on work which is in Beijing?”.Two deputy couplet gripping, synthetic-aperture, puts Tarzan's lofty status and prominent map made high-level overview of god in mount taishan, make a person not into dai and admiration of love.The dai temple, see toward the tall broad “qianmen”, is the main entrance into the dai temple, two big red door, is a symbol of the dignity of the dai temple, ancient times can only from the door into the emperor.The years Cuo tuo, to the eve of liberation, qianmen cracks have is full of stains or spots, the door at the top of the tower is also in the rain or blown away by the history.Now the qianmen is 1985 built according to the song dynasty architectural style.Door 8.6 meters high, the tower above 11 meters high, a total of five and nine single eaves jehiel mountain ridge, 24 MingZhu root, and it's all round Mosaic Ling isolation, overlying yellow glazed tile, eaves stone out of the four three, black ink dot gold coloured drawing or pattern, the forehead Fang Jinlong flying, from a distance become warped eaves wing, pian-pian wants to fly.Into the purpose of qianmen quickly into the “heaven”, is take the Confucius “DE match heaven and earth” and famous, for dai temple next door, door with built in the emperor song zhenzong and few over two years(AD 1009), the width 5, depth between the three, single eaves jehiel mountain style buildings, inside the original si green dragon, white tiger, rosefinch, xuanwu four stars.On both sides of the original peidian peidian, east as the “three ling hou temple”, enshrined in the zhou dynasty about the official Tang Chen, GeYong, tempo, three people.When the emperor song zhenzong dong feng, see three in the worse the man of god, seal for the “three ling hou”, then built the temple worship.West as “qiu temple” is enshrined in the tang dynasty “access group, and to serve voluntarily thick raise” the points in Du Zong frenzy.Linked to match went north and south “ringha door” is take “the world belongs to the benevolence” Confucius language meaning and, for the third door, dai yuan dynasty to yuan four years(AD 1338)to create.Building structure and tianmen is similar, inside the 2nd day of the deaf and dumb god, both sides have something goalkeeper.With doors on the west side of the stone tablet 20, one of the most famous is the < broadcasting < information tablet > > and < < few tablet > >, double monuments, majestic tall, confrontation, turtle fell therefore, stately, dai temple existing two big stone tablet.Tianmen “Tang Huai courtyard” in the southwest, the original “big countable embrace, the shadow of branches mu xu” Tang Huai, years of the republic of China, fighting BingXian, ancient much, gradually die.In 1952, dai temple host ShangShiLian again small tree in the withered tree stem a strain, and named “Tang Huai brussel.This new tree has become a tree, pond castles peeped, and become a big g dai temple.Tang Huai east of the old delay jubilee temple temple, the scriptures, ring wing pavilion, made yuhua district monastery where, is destroyed by years of the republic of China.In 1984, a new archaize on Tibetan oratory site storage, between 48 in mount taishan in 4000 pieces of precious relics, ancient books of more than 3000 copies.North ringha through my door is covered days of pines seem to the north, I saw a colorful, resplendent and magnificent basilica stands on the big balcony, this is the main architecture of the dai temple, song day Kuang temple.Day Kuang temple, also called China sun temple, founded in north emperor song zhenzong dazhong few over two years(AD 1009).In A.D.1008, song, liao in alliance(now in henan puyang), emperor song zhenzong though victory over liao army, but no mood to fight again, but signed a humiliating treaty, known as ”the union of alliance“ in history.Emperor song zhenzong in one's hand in order to pacify the resentment, to consolidate its ruling position, he adopted the deputy prime minister qin-ruo wang engineer zhao book ”heaven“ scam, leading officials, in the same year October car ”gobbledygook“ came to mount tai, held a grand thank grace to the gift, and is due to people for day Kuang festival every year in June.Dai li, zhao expansion under the dai temple, and on the basis of the original mount tai temple, built the day Kuang temple.Day Kuang house 43.67 meters long, north and south 17.18 meters wide, 22.3 meters high, the width of nine, four deep, double-hipped roof anise, stone fly up, overlying yellow glazed tile, eaves hung between Kuang temple ”song day“ JuBian, eight root red MingZhu eaves, with Pope fang and stone, and outside groove have become warped weight the three arch, groove inside the temple roof for four after bucket sunk panel, yu is square flat is the ceiling.The entire hall Luan Lu diego shrugged, diao Liang Caidong, gold paint walls, Dan wall, completed a majestic, although after several dynasty, ancient and remain, with Beijing's Forbidden City hall of supreme harmony, qufu Confucius dacheng hall and three big palatial architecture in ancient China.Into the hall, positive tall statue of ”god of mount tai“ color is reshaping in 1984, cave is 4.4 meters tall, twelve Liu head crown, wearing dagon's robe, handheld, the board, solemn dignified, vivid, may have a sense of ”lifelike, be vividly portrayed.“Taishan” god is a Taoist believe in “god” of a ghost, can dominate the life and death.Was dubbed “day king” in the tang dynasty, song dynasty seal for JiRenSheng Ann “day”, when the yuan dynasty and dubbed “dongyue days of qi ShengRen emperor”, Ming emperor after he began to reign, and he thinks to taishan seal number is god “to blaspheme the ritual without”, therefore, get rid of all titles, renamed “the god of mount tai.Since then, the status of the dai temple is not I, enjoy ”dongyue many“ reputation.Statue on both sides of the couplets for precise Wu Yun book, ”the emperor to the earthquake, life in Yin“.Banners is the qing emperor kangxi emperor in 23 years(in 1684 AD in taishan when the topic ”town“ match day JuBian.Inside the palace with part of the phenomena of Ming and qing era.Inside the northeast west three the < < taishan revelation Bi back process diagram > > for the song dynasty painted.Murals total length of 62 meters, 3.3 meters high, picture by picture god in the mighty mount tai grand scene, when the emperor song zhenzong letter east taishan majesty and imposing manner, the whole mural by a hall door, east is ”rev Bi figure“, depicting the taishan god excursions;west as the ”back to the process diagram“, depicting the taishan god returned.The whole picture of 697 characters, its appearance and manners are all the same, be auspicious beast mounts, pavilions, mountains and rivers, trees and flowers, etc., of a great, the grand spectacle.Picture a saturated flourish is fluent, structure is rigorous, the layout symmetry nature, character looks vivid and lively, clothing line is clear, lifelike and vivid facial expressions, plus the colour and lustre beautiful coordination, give a person with high aesthetic enjoyment.Temple in ancient times, has been damaged by fire and earthquake, murals have also been affected, as you can see from the mural art processing, mural is redrawn later part of the picture, but the whole picture is basically kept the original face of the song dynasty, it is still in the history of Chinese mural painting, Taoism a picture of a rare art treasures.Days before Kuang temple wide large terrace consists of two layers, railing, standing on the big balcony, is suddenly enlightened.There is a royal pavilion, terrace on each side of emperor qianlong visited dai temple in ShiBei.Ming wanli is among big censer casting.Cooper under the terrace of the clip in the south, is a small square columns at the end of the pool, commonly known as the ”pavilion old pool“.The emperor held a ceremony to visit mount tai, god princes is welcome here.Pool and around 9 stance is strange taihu Jin Daan first year(AD 1209)with her mother which is offered by the wang, taian county magistrate wu bit.Each stone features, carefully watch the intriguing, a exquisite stone tunnel middle outstanding, called ”hula stone“.Fuso north stone has an independent order under cooper, called ”solitary loyal cypress“, tang dynasty female emperor wu zetian doubt its folklore also with secretary Shi Zhong rebellion, then its killed, Shi Zhong ghosts do not come loose, came to dongyue before the emperor wu zetian out of shape, thereby lone cypress.Stones covered her eyes, it is said that the visitors around the hula around the turn three times, then go to touch the other side of the solitary loyal cypress, all to be able to help, is a lot of people.The legend of these rich romance is not credible, but shows the taishan's long history and rich culture, those who write the legend of folk wit, the good and evil of human skillfully in the image of cypress trees, leaves later generations lots of regrets.Day Kuang lay behind the surface is after three palace, in the bedroom, width 5, on both sides for the bedroom, among the three, the emperor song zhenzong and few over five years(AD 1012)to seal a letter to the taishan god ”day JiRen ShengDi“, after considering the need a queen, to facilitate the same seal a ”shu next year“, and ”her“ built the temple, from ”concubines“, live with living quarters.The feudal rulers in order to achieve the goal of ”borrow god daughter“, ”well-meaning, holding the“ true.Days of steles Kuang temple on both sides of things, all kinds of stone tablet full of beautiful things in eyes of han stone, taishan ancient steles boutique mostly concentrated in here.These inscriptions almost collection of Chinese calligraphy, after jin dynasty ”two Kings“, the song dynasty ”four everybody“, grass nationalities of, style available;YanLiu zhao, style each different, there are seven big fellow tablet < < HengFang tablet > >, < < zhang moved stone > >;Jin dynasty, one of the three major milestone < < lady tablet > >;Plastic is novel, calligraphy dissimilar < < double-beam tablet > >;Mount tai buddhist chronicle of tablet < < datang JiZhou ShenBao temple monuments, > >, etc.A total of 19 pieces, all has the very high historical value of cultural relics and calligraphy art value.Display of 48 pieces of han stone in the west gallery is since 1960, several cleaning dawenkou and old county east han tomb stone set.The han stone, rich in content, range, some reflect the horses and chariots, travel, dancing to acrobatics and other social life;Some describe fairy tales;Also has the reflection of historical figures, neat picture design, modelling is vivid, on the carving techniques, the traditional Chinese painting line with engraved, embossed with an organic whole, manifests the like forthright grandeur of the plain, characteristic, is the study of ancient Chinese culture important materials for art and social life of the eastern han dynasty.Out of the attic, door knob spirit is ”opzoon“.In the original ”bean ling temple“, was destroyed by years of the republic of China.In the courtyard, branches, five tall cooper if a kind of dragon PAM, legend has it for the first year of emperor in yuan seal(110 BC), when I mount tai has more than two thousand years ago, ”opzoon“ hence the name.Yuan's north ”han pavilion“ is 1959 in the house built on the oberoi, bean spirit pavilion built on three layers tall stone stylobate, very spectacular.Stylobate wall Mosaic qianlong fifty-nine years(AD 1749 years)who taian magistrate of a county scale book by du fu's < < look? Gt;> and < < qiu xing > > celebrities such as carved poems.The pavilion looked around his eyes and skylight brought low, rich of otimista chest, dai temple view, panoramic view of whole city.Opzoon nosocomial stone tablet line, approximates to 90 pieces.There are descendants of the official script of han dynasty < < four sorrow poetry > >,'s < < fly friends article > >, have the posterity the seal character of luji's < < tai shan Yin > >, xie lingyun's < < tai shan Yin > > and the song dynasty calligrapher MiFei < < first mountain > >, Ming chongzhen years Chen Changyan, ZuoPeiXuan topic of < < opzoon figure great > >, the qianlong emperor drive < < opzoon figure > > and contemporary ink of celebrities.Place oneself in the forest of steles is like reading a history of China, the benefit of the influence of the nation, will leave every serious watching endless thinking.By opzoon courtyard to the north, through the quiet little garden into the courtyard of a small and exquisite.This is the place where the ancient imperial sacrifices mount tai when living, because is located within the DongHuaMen, therefore calls ”east the throne“.Its building for yuan to is seven years(AD 1347), Ming said welcome don, qianlong 35 years(1770 years)renamed in the pavilion.East the throne by the Great Wall flower door, door, door, main hall, and wing, hospital construction, green, quiet quiet and tastefully laid out, give a person the sense with super world white.Five main hall high above the stylobate, inside the set for recovery, qing qianlong emperor la people like, pier dragon, dragon, clothes closet, red sandalwood furniture such as a square table and all kinds of marble grain and golden rust ancient ceramic wall hanging and four treasures of the study.The famous ”cold jade flower, the“, ”aloes lion“ and ”yellow orchid porcelain bottle gourd“ twenty-seventh year is qianlong, 36 years worship offerings when tai shan, said Tarzan ”sanbao town mountain“.Doors and temple, dressed in ancient costume in the qing dynasty's ”guardian“, ”palace“ to the qing court etiquette to greet visitors, make visitors like back to ancient times, to extrapolate.Palace stylobate under a stone, with a glass cover, this is the famous Chinese and foreign famous ”the father of sharpening“ qin sharpening.< < tai shan qin burring > > engraved letters merit qin Ming and qin ii, write to prime minister lisi.His seal script with economical fair instead of minor stroke numerous fat at the time, the handwriting stiffness tall and straight, swept away many fat stay qi, inscriptions, a total of 222 words, gradually disappear, after the Ming jiajing years still remaining 29 words, the original made in DaiDing herself beside the pool, after vicissitudes sink, a few times again, today only 10 residue left word, complete is seven.Is a rare treasure, is listed as a national level cultural relics.Out of the bedroom, north of dai last into the yard.Something inside two garden all sorts of miniascape of various, within sight of the art to reproduce the taishan one content, fragrant flowers.On the southwest of west tower cast established twelve years(AD 1533), a former level 13, now the only remaining level 3, plain modelling, still do not break the elegant demeanour, and to the southeast of tower confrontation stylobate copper pavilion, also called ”jin que“, for the whole copper casting, imitation wood, 4.4 meters high, 3.4, Ming wanli 43 years(AD 1615)casting in DaiDing azure clouds temple, built to consecrate jade xia yuan jun.Move to the mountain spirit should be between Ming dynasty and early qing palace, in dai temple in 1972, is the present domestic only one of the three largest copper pavilion.”Thick door“ was the last of the dai temple gate, was rebuilt in 1984.On the door has ”looked YueGe“ three rooms, Huang Wa Ming gallery, andalusite partition board, Joan pavilion is like air.Standing on the court looked to adai yue high precision, castle peak around the white clouds, green trees and the light smoke, tianmen ladder like flying floating hang them knowing you can't have them.The thick red doors north behavior way, near the temple street is the starting point of the mountaineering, the gate of mount tai, climbing mt.tai.taibin starting from this, of a politician will see the best scenery in mount taishan, until the ”day“.三孔英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞三

Respect fellow guests:

Hello!I travel, the reception department's request, visits the tour to presence famous city Qufu fellow welcome guests to express warmly welcome.I fortunately accompany the visit for everybody tourguide, is extremely happy, this is we enjoys the study together the good opportunity.After looked please leave behind the valued suggestion.First, briefly introduces Qufu to everybody the history, the cultural relic survey.Historical city Qufu was our country ancient times the great thinker, the educationalist, the statesman, the literature entire manages family affairs, sage of Kong Zi's the world hometown, Mencius's native place, Chinese nation's first ancestor shaft Yellow Emperor's birth place, the capital, discussed the Yin native country, the Lu country capital.Three emperors five emperors have four to live the practical training in here, some more than 5,000 years history.Underground has the rich buried treasure, on has the multitudinous cultural relic.Existing cultural relic 112, including the United Nations to protect the unit, world culture inheritance 3, national protection 4, provincial level 12, other for place city level protection.Heavy center seriously has ”a three two temples mausoleum“, ”a three mountains two forests temple“.The Confucian temple, Confucian Residence, Konglin, the popular name ”three“, have the sacrificial offering China Yuan saint Duke of Zhou's temple, has sacrificial offering Kong Zi first big disciple duplicate saint Yan Hui the temple, the popular name ”two temples“;”A mausoleum“ is Yellow Emperor is born-nine(call nine mountains).Two forests are: The world educates the child best mother forest, the Kong Zi parents buries Liang Gonglin;”A temple“ is Li Bai, Du Fu writes poetry, responds, bidding good-bye place, famous writer hole still no matter what national botanical garden ”Shimen temple“.We now look at the Confucian temple.Confucian temple, also called to the Confucian temple, is sacrificial offering Kong Zi and its Madame Qi Guanshi and 72 talented people's place.The Confucian temple with Beijing's Imperial Palace, the Hebei Chende city summer vacation mountain village and calls Chinese three big ancient architectural complexes.The expert delivered four speeches to the Confucian temple: The construction time most remote, greatest, the preservation most complete, the Eastern construction characteristic is most prominent.Is worthy of looking at two questions from the Confucian temple: One is Kong Zi to Chinese and even the Eastern culture tremendous contribution;Two is China has the skilled craftsman in the history.The Confucian temple beginning constructs in 478 B.C., the second year which Kong Zi died constructs the temple.Constructs temple three in the Kong Zi former dwelling, exhibits Kong Zi's clothes, the vehicle, the book and so on, ”when year old offers sacrifices“.All previous dynasties emperor all has the extension to the Confucian temple, counts overhaul 15, center repairs 31 times, the minor repair several hundred time achieves present the scale.The Confucian temple imitates system of the imperial palace construction, divides three groups layouts, nine courtyards, have altogether had house 466, gate pavilion 54, the thing relatively pass through in an axle wire, has nearly thousand, 327.5 Chinese acres, long amounts to two Chinese miles 150 meters.Now saw the Confucian temple is the bright Hongzhi year scale.After the liberation the country allocates funds to service the protection many times.Our country first batch announcement nation key cultural relic preservation organ, in December, 1994 included the world culture inheritance, becomes cultural relic unit which the United Nations protected, Confucian temple construction time remote, scale great, integrity of the preserved really was the world to be rare.Shinto.”Wan Rengong wall“ front copal vigorous this Duan Luwei ”Shinto“.In front of the important temple all has the respect quick road which specially opens, is called ”Shinto“.Wan Rengong wall.This gate is Qufu Ming Chengzheng the Nanmen, also is the Confucian temple together gate, on hangs ”Wan Rengong the wall“ four large brush-written Chinese characters, is the clear Emperor Qian Long's imperial brush.It originates from the Kong Zi self-satisfied disciple child tribute.When Lu country congress feudal lord, some people proposed child tribute knowledge broad and profound, may place on a par with Kong Zi, the sub-tribute in the field, stands up immediately said, I may not dare with my Mr./Mrs.Kong Zi compared to, human's knowledge is just like a wall, my this wall only has one high, my teacher's wall has the number to be many.Meant that, my knowledge was equal to a shoulder chief is high, clear not any abstruse;Kong Zi's knowledge has my several fold to be many, passes through the detailed research, the comprehensive discussion, can understand he complete after, crossed the threshold, can see America of the ancestor temple, outside the gate you is blind.The posterity in order to describe Kong Zi's knowledge profound, wall of number from the master , ”hundred “, ”thousand “ seals Kong Zi to the Ming Dynasty emperor is ”the world civil official host, all previous dynasties king teacher“, seals the Kong Zi knowledge to have ”ten thousand “, extols the Kong Zi knowledge to have 10,000 eight feet, upward looked, blind goes against, also said this wall deep wall high rampart is extremely firm.These four characters originally write for the bright imperial envoy, Qian Long for expressed he Kong Zi the value, kissed the book ”Wan Rengong the wall“ to exchange his imperial brush.Jin Shengyu inspires the work place.This work place constructs at the Ming Dynasty, is expresses the Kong Zi knowledge exquisite and perfect, is similar to entire process which plays music, the integrity is from beginning to end complete.The ancient music is by strikes a gong the start, the clock gets up ”beginning orderliness also“, is strikes Qing to come to an end, ”the jade inspires“ the sound which falls for Qing, was called ”end orderliness also“, praises Kong Zi's knowledge is the collection first accomplishing of the virtuous sages, therefore called ”Jin Shenger the jade inspires also“, ”the golden sound“ the clock sound, the beginning, ”the jade inspires“ Qing's sound, the end.This also is the management wants ”to finish what one starts“ the idiom origin.”Jin Shengyu inspires“ is the Ming Dynasty storytelling legalist school Hu Zuanzong the topic decides.”Two cypress take on“.Crosses the jade to inspire work place this stone arch bridge, the thing respectively has a copal, therefore the person ”two cypress take on“.This bridge said that, ”泮 the water bridge“ the basin water is interlinked with the temporary palace nearby, because the historical novel is ”hopes the water“.In the past read book of the Confucius and Mencius, tested the institute of higher education to call ”to enter hopes“, served as an official hopes rises high, made business to hope gets rich, crossed the day to hope prosperously.Discontinues the tablet.Outside the temple wall the thing respectively sets up a stele, in 1191 specially vertical discontinued the tablet, got down the tablet.The west tablet early destroys, east side on this tablet writes ”the official person to discontinue and so on to this“.Under in the past the civil and military officials, the common people common people henceforth passed by discontinue on foot but the line, shows to Kong Zi, the Confucian temple respect.Lattice star gate.The Ming Dynasty constructs, in 1754 repaired, by wooden changed the iron stone.”The lattice star gate“ is the Qian Long imperial brush.Hands down the space galaxy ”to have the twenty-eight lunar mansions“, among, has to govern cultural the star to be called ”the lattice star“, the other name ”Star “, ”the day inspires the star“, contacts with Kong Zi and the space tube culture star, Shuowen melts the aspect he is highest, if the past offered sacrifice to heaven, needed first to offer a sacrifice to ”Star “, had reveres Kong Ruzun the day the view.Too with vitality work place.This work place was the Ming Dynasty in 1544 constructs, extremely approved Kong Zi's thought, advocated was similar to ”the outer space universe to be able to nurture the myriad things.Gathering of the world, gathering of the four directions, gathering of the masculine and feminine elements “, the name” too and “the gas is the most basic thing, the universe too and, vitality of the world.”Too with the vitality“ was the Shandong governor once the mill handwritten letter.To Confucian temple work place.The Ming Dynasty constructs ”to the Confucian temple work place“, is the white marble, on plays the part of the flame no.3 gunpowder tea.German world, Daoist monk's cap ancient and modern.This Daoist temple thing respectively constructs a very unusual memorial arch to the lining, the wooden angle surrounds, thousand first ten thousand continues, gets down has eight , is called ”day Long Shenshi“, hands down its dignified inspiration, may drive out evilly, is just.East side the memorial arch submits a written statement: ”The German world“, said Kong Zi's thought advocated is similar to profoundly for humanity's advantage, the merit can compare with the world.The west memorial arch submits a written statement ”the Daoist monk's cap ancient and modern“, approves the Kong Zi thought, the means ancient and modern all is the unparalleled crown.When saint gate.Three compound, four circuit intendant all same, central.This naming originates from Mencius, to the ancient times four sages , under Iraqi Yin, the willow tree favored, Kong Zi, Mencius four sages' saint mark inductions is four speeches: clear saint also, Iraqi Yin saint no matter what also, under the willow tree favors sum of the saint also, when Kong Zi saint.”When saint“ extremely approves the Kong Zi thought to advocate prolonged does not fade, is sage which suits the time.Emperor comes Qufu ”to kowtow the big ritual“ towards Kong Yaoxing, walks when the saint gate;All previous dynasties ”spread out the saint male“ when the birth opens ”when the saint the gate“, besides these two kind of situations, this not easily opens.All walks the quick G gate, the supine wealthy and prominent family.The quick G gate, takes considers it a pleasure to be among the first to read meaning.Kong Zi's knowledge ”the Five Classics four books“, who first studies who first to have the culture, who first studies who first to have the knowledge, struggles the study, to first reads as by the foresight joyfully.Supine wealthy and prominent family.Praises a Kong Zi's section of speeches naming according to Yan Hui.Yan Hui said that, road of the master, supine makes up high, drills it to make up firmly.Upwardly approves the Kong Zi knowledge blind to go against, calls ”to make up high“, studies the writings in classical style to be very difficult, calls ”to make up firmly“, is high is not unattainable, is definitely may learn after the endeavor.Yan Hui said ”master however, friendly are attractive, is abundant I by the article, said me by the ritual.“ My teacher teaches with skill and patience, teaches me by the culture, executes me by the courtesy.Chinese.In the supine wealthy and prominent family in the alcove has two historical values very high Chinese , is ”the pavilion is long“,(the Han Dynasty place waiter), dying of the government office gate, all is in front of Lu Wangmu guards.is taken by all previous dynasties inscription on stone tablet and bronze scientist, to studies the Han Dynasty clothing and the writing has the important value.Liquid gold bridge, this bridge, with Imperial Palace's in front of bridge of the same name, calls the liquid gold bridge, also is called the blue water bridge, three arrangements, the green water ripples.Great road gate.Crosses the liquid gold bridge is the Ming Dynasty emperor ordered by the emperor personally ”the great road gate“, takes ”Confucian analects“ center ”the person to be able greatly to say, non-road great person“ meaning.Kong Zi is an ordinary writer, why becomes the sage? Approved Kong Zi to summarize first the virtuous sages' experience, especially has brought honor to the Yao and Shun soup, road of the civil and military Duke of Zhou.”The person can greatly say that, said the person can direct creates all, the non-road great person, certainly is not all direction people, this is praises person's subjective initiative.“ The great road hanger-on had two steles, the east side four tablets is ”the Qufu all previous dynasties evolution will“ has recorded the Qufu evolution vicissitude history, a Yuan generation of institute stood, the historical data value was very high, the west was ”scholar out of government employment gentleman the inscription“, had the very high calligraphy value.Major and medium gate.The major and medium gate is the Song Dynasty Confucian temple front door, was called ”center and the gate“, Italy for uses Kong Zi's thought processing question all to be possible to be easily solved.The the Ming Dynasty extension temple renames ”the major and medium gate“, approves Kong Zi's knowledge is accomplishing of the collection humanity knowledge, center, takes ”the doctrine of the mean“ meaning, ”center correct path of the world, theorem of the commonplace world“, center the agonic, is commonplace is not easy.Leaves, is not the correct path, has become the evil road, the crooked gate.Is said is not left is not right, the fair correct path, to front is a doctrine of the mean.Major and medium gate thing two have watchtower two is guards the Confucian temple to use.Same text gate, four big name brands, Confucian temple chart.Enters in the major and medium gate about to have four big tablets.The west bright Hongzhi tablet, says three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues ethics.Right flank the Hongzhi tablet has the the Ming Dynasty talented person Hunan Changsha Li Dongyang to draw up ”the Confucian temple chart“ the value to be very high.The Cheng Hua tablet, is the Ming Dynasty Cheng Hua Emperor Zhu Jianshen stands.Some two situations bring to all previous dynasties everybody celebrity's attention.One is the Cheng Hua tablet character writes, the standardization, the standardization well, exquisitely makes the person, the typeface writing technique to have ”is world-famous“ the evaluation;Two, appraises to Kong Zi high, all previous dynasties emperor all has the comment to Kong Zi, appraises high is Emperor Cheng Hua, he Kong Zi's thought, the means compares with eats meal, puts on the clothes, spends, one day also could not leave, had Kong Zi's truth and the means, could enable each person to develop his talents, thing it used, its strength, otherwise messed up.Said has road of the Kong Zi to have the world, road of the Kong Zi has not had the world, road of the counter-Kong Zi loses the world.If the inscribed text stated that, ”Road of the my only Kong Zi, the world on first cannot not have , has road of the Kong Zi then the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues but ethics is just bright, the myriad things take their proper place..Road of the Kong Zi in the world like cloth , the livelihood of the people daily expense cannot be left vacant for the time being..Inborn Kong Zi vertical is the saint, lives in the peaceful good justice and humanity, the teacher road emerges, from swims 3000, is continues.“

Same text gate.Takes ”the person concentriily“ meaning of the character same text.Is says works with concerted efforts, unites as one the only then competent good deed industry;The writing must unify, has the unification the writing to be able to record the historical dissemination experience, makes the character to be able at will to mess up.The same text gate is the Kuiwen Geqian important barrier.The Kui article Chinese style pavilion, originally is a library, is the collection books place.Constructed to Song Tianxi two years(in 1018), Jin Zhangzong repaired when changed ”the Kui article Chinese style pavilion“.This unique grand construction, completely is the lignin structure, calls the orphaned example in the Chinese building construction.After several earthquakes, the Kui article Chinese style pavilion has not shaken destroys.The clear Kanghsi 5 years earthquake ”ten houses but actually have nine, saving has one, the Kui article Chinese style pavilion is gorgeously motionless“.The the Ming Dynasty board of personnel Shangshu Li Dongyang has specially written ”Kuiwen Gefu“, approves Kuiwen Ge the construction research value.Is under the porch eastern end this tablet.In front of the pavilion this thing two courtyards stated that, ”The room sleeps“, is place which the sacrificial offering personnel fasts, to bathe.East the courtyard is spreads out the saint male room to sleep the institute, clear Kanghsi, Qian Long offers a sacrifice to when the hole all sleeps in the east room washes the hands and face.West the courtyard is from offers a sacrifice to personnel's room to sleep.Kong Zi 71 generation of Sun Kongzhao fumigates the temple in Song, Yuan, is bright, the clear five dynasty does obeisance the Confucian temple tablet more than 130 centralisms to mount in the courtyard wall, therefore west the room sleeps calls the tablet courtyard.tablets pavilions.This is the Confucian temple sixth enters the courtyard, in the pavilion stands has 55 tablets, is Tang, Song, the gold, Yuan, bright, clear and so on the dynasty stands, its content all is emperor, the imperial envoy does obeisance the hole, to Kong Zi , the appraisal, successively repairs the Confucian temple the record, has the Chinese, is full, Mongolia, eight thinks writing and so on Pakistan article.South north eights five, therefore calls 13 tablets pavilions, because all is authorizes the vertical tablet by emperor, therefore calls the imperial tablet pavilion.East gets up the front row third, 62 alcoves is the Jin Dynasty constructs, is construction which our country extant cannot be seen.Every is seeks with P the edict reason all calls ”the imperial tablet“.”P pen Qiang is auspicious, fable Dragon King has nine, it is 8th, it loves“ the article ”, is good at carrying a heavy load, the stele has the writing but heavily to suit its characteristic, the image should for the main item, the turtle body, the hawk leg, the snake tail.North east gets up this third alcove is Emperor Kanghsi the vertical tablet.The Beijing Xishan picks the stone passes through Grand Canal, south the economy transports here.The expert calculates this tablet 130,000 catty heavy, along the way sprinkled the hydrogel from Jining, slid on the ice, sometimes one day only walked lies place of the cow.The Qufu book has the stone not to use, must ship in from Beijing, shows emperor to Kong Zi the value.Southeast this courtyard, west Namhkok has a piece all is nobles and ministers repairs the temple, does obeisance the hole the record, the calligraphy value is very high.This courtyard thing respectively has to the lining, east is “the Yu essence gate”, west is “the view Germany gate”.Is named , the Xihua gate.The Confucian temple divides into three groups layouts by here, this five, center are together “accomplishes the gate”, left side is “the gold 聲門”, right side is “the jade inspires the gate”, again is “opens Confucianism” toward the west, again is “receives Confucianism” toward the east.Accomplishes the gate the construction structure is , manipulates strategically“.Middle s is ”cancels the heart“, about four jiao points look carefully go against are ”fight the angle“.Accomplishes the gate three characters is Emperor Yong Zheng's imperial brush.Approves Kong Zi is the collection sages first virtuous accomplishing, has achieved the supreme boundary.My deceased teacher plants personally the Chinese juniper.Accomplishes in the gate left side this tall and straight vigorous Chinese juniper tree, is Confucius plants personally.According to record: Kong Zi cut three Chinese junipers trees in here, Jin Zhenyou two years(in 1214)has destroyed to the warfare, the tree is dry and also sends new, once ”three dry three glory“, had ”the Chinese juniper tree date cyclopentadiene Kong date was popular“ the view.During bright ten thousand all previous years talented person Yang Guang taught the topic to write ”my deceased teacher to plant personally the Chinese juniper“ five large brush-written Chinese characters.Two corridors.During these two sides coordinated two row of houses, altogether 80, were called ”the thing “, consecrates 72 talented people's places.Kong Zi is known as disciple 3000, the body passes 72 people which the six arts skilleds with both the pen and sword, consecrates in the thing.All previous dynasties kings all have seal match enjoy virtuously first.If Dong Zhongshu, Han Yu, Wang Ming are positive, Zhuge Liang, the invader, Yue Fei and so on.Has sealed to to 156.Last first virtuous is Mr.Liang Qichao.The original cast, the memorial tablet, latter all changes the wooden memorial tablet.The thing present exhibited is the collection Song Dynasty before center expensive carved stone.Duke of Zhou trains one's son, the bat practices medicine and so on, the most precious national treasure has Chinese Wei to face stele carving 22 especially high, the calligraphy value ”the sacrificial vessel tablet“, ”the second grade beautiful jade tablet“, ”Shi Chenbei“, Zhang Menglong the tablet ”, Mi Fubei“ and so on all is the rare valuable thing.West 廡 exhibited more than 100 blocks ”the Chinese to draw the carved stone“, all was for a long time has the great reputation the artistic valuable thing, was studies the Chinese, Wei and so on the history social life rare precious material.East northmost part is exhibiting 584 carved stone, is jade rainbow Lou Fatie which Kong Zi 69 generation of Sun Kongji writes.Place where Confucius lectured.This is for commemorates Kong Zi to lecture constructs.Kong Zi initially was under the big apricot tree lectures in the local station for the disciples.When Song Dynasty in 1018, the Kong Zi 45 generation of passageways auxiliary edited the Confucian temple, after moved the extension the main hall, constructed the pavilion in the main hall former site, the link plants by the apricot, the name says ”the place where Confucius lectured“.The place where Confucius lectured two characters, are the Jin Dynasty famous writer party bosom England seal scripts.In the pavilion has Emperor Qian Long the imperial brush ”the place where Confucius lectured to approve“, this is he first time comes Qufu to write.Qian Long writes the plaque, the antithetical couplet, the scroll which writes and so on in Qufu has 50 place.Accomplishes the palace.This is the Confucian temple , it with Beijing's Imperial Palace too with palace, the Tai'an day palace and calls the East three big constructions, also calls the East three main halls.What the value high history is long accomplishes the palace.Palace height 24.8 meters, extravagant 45.7 meters, deep 24.89 meters.Four has 28 the dragon column which carves with the entire stone, the exquisite workmanship, the attainments is very deep.Especially the palace 10 deep reliefs roll the dragon column actually world rarely, 10 pillars 20 dragons, about to fly in circles, the ascension coils around a play bead, the manner respectively differently, does not have one identically, more looked more has moves Italy, on the stone is vividly lifelike.This is the Huizhou artisan's masterpiece.Emperor comes when Qufu faces the hole, Kong Jia all use Huang Lingba long Zhuguo to get up, does not let emperor directly see the dragon column, because has surpassed the throne room, feared emperor is not happy, performs to blame.Other 18 columns are the bas-relief dragon column, surface engraves nine dragons, each pillar eight , 8,972 dragons total carve 1,296 dragons.This is the rare carved stone art treasure.Always looks at accomplishes the palace grand magnificent sight.Five saints 12 sages.Accomplishes in the palace to consecrate 17 pictures.Five big sages.Highest sage Kong Zi, Italy is in sage's sage, supreme.Confucius in central, the head wears 12 crowns, wears 12 chapter of kings to take, grasps shakes the jade tablet, dignified is solemn and respectful, causes the person to have profound respect for.Two sides are four match: East side is the duplicate saint face, states the saint to think;The west is ancestor saint Tsengtzu, Mencius.Eastern end six, western end six, called 12 sages, have the child tribute, the sub-road, Ran Qiu and so on 11 Kong Zi's disciple, some is Song Dynasty Zhu Xi, renowned Five Classics four books explanations good, is sealed as the sage.”The people has not had“ the plaque, is Mencius approves Kong Zi, said ”the people has not had abundantly to Kong Zi also“.Since has had the humanity, but also does not have comprehensively to surpass Kong Zi the person, therefore calls ”the people not to have“.”The model for all generations“ will be the Kanghsi topic writes, seals Kong Zi is ”teacher of Emperor the Wan Shi, table of the eternity humanity, emperor's teacher, will make person's model.“ ”Refined is Guang Xu writes in this“, Italy for world culture all in here.Bedroom palace.Consecrates the Kong Zi Madame Qi Guanshi special palace.Is the Confucian temple third big construction.Qi Guanshi the song person(Henan business earthen mound), 19 years old marry Kong Zi, latter gives birth to a boy the hole carp , early the Kong Zi 7 years died, are sealed ”highest sage my deceased teacher madame“, equally enjoy the sacrificial offering with Kong Zi.Around the bedroom palace on 28 stone columns carves the phoenix, each pillar engraves phoenix 72, is same with the dragon quantity, calls Longfeng to be a good omen.Saint mark palace.Has recorded Kong Zi's fact by the carved stone picture-and-story book form.Some 120 Wen Tu and the cyclopentadiene carved stone, is the Kong Zi descendant with the the Ming Dynasty governor censor what light management construction.Carves by the Wu county famous picture labor chapter of grass drawing, inlays on the palace inner wall.Is integrity picture-and-story book which the our country first person, the article concurrently has.Has the very high history and the artistic value.The palace frontage ”the model for all generations“ is the Kanghsi imperial brush, center Kong Zi big Si Guanxiang is the Tang Dynasty big painter Wu line picture.The palace eastern end is Kanghsi faces the hole the imperial tablet, the western end has the Jin synonym painter to attend to picture of the Joy Kong Zi line to teach the picture, the custom called ”master 小影“ most approach Kong Zi's appearance characteristic.Also has Song Dynasty everybody Mi Fu to approve Kong Zi's small seal script: ”Kong Zi Kong Zi big ah Kong Zi, sub-before will already not have Kong Zi, Kong Zi later does not have Kong Zi, Kong Zi Kong Zi big ah Kong Zi“.Explicit saying, Kong Zi is great!Unequalled,The Confucian temple west road is the sacrifice Kong Zi parents' place.His/her father Uncle Liang 紇, mother Yan Zheng in, emperor seals for opens saint Madame Wang Heqi saint Wang, constructs has opens construction and so on saint Wang Dian, bedroom palace, gold thread hall.The Confucian temple east road, around two parts, the front courtyard is the Kong Zi former dwelling, has ”Kong Zhaigu the well“, Kong Zi nine generation of Sun Kongfu book collection place ”the Lu wall“, now saw the Confucian classics, sets up the first-class honor should is ”the Lu wall“.For commemorated Kong Zi to educate its sub-studies has constructed ”the poem assembly hall“, Kong Zi said ”study the poem did not have by the word, the character ritual did not have stands“, Italy could not speak for study the poem, study the ritual did not understand how set up the body matter.In the poem assembly hall has renowned sculptor Mr.Shi Ke to make by cutting imitates the Chinese to draw the carved stone ”the saint mark chart".The rear court is honors the saint ancestral hall, five generation of ancestral halls, on sacrificial offering Kong Zi five generation of ancestors' ancestral temples.Fellow gentlemen, the Confucian temple resembles historical, the knowledge school, because the time is limited, we only looked mainly, I am the distress must introduce.Kong Zi is the sage, also is the great traveling, travels around the row country for 14 years, propagandizes him to practice moral culture, QiJia, rules a nation the even world knowledge, has collected the precious material.The concerned sage's vestige are very many, is worth as soon as looking very much.We are together the time although to be short, but the friendship exists forever, hoped each position has the opportunity to come Qufu to go sightseeing again, we certainly serve well.The Confucian temple saw here, thanks everybody the cooperation, welcome you again.

第二篇：三孔英文導(dǎo)游詞

導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：導(dǎo)游詞是導(dǎo)游人員引導(dǎo)游客觀光游覽時(shí)的講解詞，是導(dǎo)游員同游客交流思想，向游客傳播文化知識(shí)的工具，也是應(yīng)用寫作研究的文體之一。以下是小編整理三孔英文導(dǎo)游詞的資料，歡迎閱讀參考。

Last year, I walked into qufu, a city that has a long history and is full of ancient beauty.After thousands of years of vicissitudes of the city wall, covered with moss, still a thousand years ago that kind of primitive simplicity in front of the world.The blue bricks of the wall have not been the same level as before, but also let people feel its full of vicissitudes.Also, that is the world famous three holes.The Confucius temple, which has a history of 600 years.Why 600 years? Because in the song dynasty, a fierce battle between the song dynasty and the jin dynasty was destroyed by a fire, and it was rebuilt in the Ming dynasty.In the long river of time, many descendants came to sacrifice the hole, and went up to the emperor, the minister of the Lord, and to the people of li.Temple of carved stone is, wang xizhi, shen kua, Confucius, etc., dacheng hall of the temple was completely copy the palace style, which fully shows the ancient emperor worship of Confucius, stone pillar carved dragon, chicken, dumpling and other auspicious patterns, is said to have post also engraved with 88 dragon!

Besides, kong fu is a treasure in the garden.It was also rebuilt before it was extended.The father of Confucius was a small official in charge of grain, which was carried forward in the generation of Confucius.Among the descendants of Confucius, there were many wise men, such as kong rong and so on.There is a picture in the garden of kong's garden.No matter what Angle you look at it, the intersection is always right on you.Do you say magic is not magic?

Then there was kong Lin, the cemetery of the kongers, with many trees and flowers, stone tablets and statues of cultural relics.There was a big stone in front of Confucius' tombstone, which blocked the word “wang”.According to the legend of emperor kangxi, when he came to the temple, he looked up at the inscription on the tablet and said, “the king of the spring and autumn kong” was angry.He turned his head and went away.A mountain cannot be two tigers.The next day, the family put the big stone here...The sound of the horse's hooves gradually died away, and the night slowly came, watching countless visitors come and go from the three holes, and my admiration for Confucius was lingering in my mind...

第三篇：三孔導(dǎo)游詞

引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：三孔接下來是小編為你帶來收集整理的文章，歡迎閱讀！

三孔導(dǎo)游詞一

女士們！先生們！大家好！我叫任一諾。今天，由我來帶領(lǐng)你們游覽“三孔”：孔府·孔廟·孔林。孔子有句名言：“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎”我有幸擔(dān)任導(dǎo)游，十分高興。我將盡力為大家服務(wù)，不足之處，請(qǐng)批評(píng)改正。

在參觀三孔之前，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹一下曲阜。曲阜地處魯中小區(qū)和魯西南平原的交界處。大詩(shī)人李白曾描寫曲阜：“笑夸故人指絕境，山光水色青如蘭”。現(xiàn)在我們參觀孔廟。孔廟位于曲阜城中心，是古代人們?yōu)榱藥啄昕鬃由暗膫ゴ笏枷雽掗煹木衿焚|(zhì)所建的一座韻味十足的建筑。前后九進(jìn)院落，占地327.5畝，南北長(zhǎng)達(dá)1公里；共有建筑466間，54座門坊；加之廟內(nèi)1700余株古樹，一個(gè)個(gè)直沖云天，聽說當(dāng)時(shí)誰(shuí)敢砍倒一棵，就會(huì)以殺頭處理。每一棵樹，每一個(gè)門的名字都含有孔子“仁”的思想。

孔府與孔廟毗鄰,是孔子嫡系長(zhǎng)子長(zhǎng)孫居住的府第,三路布局,九進(jìn)院落,共有建筑463間,加上后花園,共占地240畝。孔府，也稱“衍圣公府”。“衍圣”的意思是說“圣道”、“圣裔”能繁衍接續(xù)。

進(jìn)入孔府大門，由此向后孔府分為三路，東路建有一貫堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家廟等；西路是孔府當(dāng)年接待貴賓和讀書習(xí)禮的地方，有紅萼軒、忠恕堂、安懷堂、花廳等；中路是孔府的主體建筑，前半部為官衙，后半部為內(nèi)宅。

孔林，是孔子家庭的專用墓地，也是世界上延時(shí)最久、規(guī)模最大的家庭墓地。占地三千多畝。周圍垣墻高3米，厚1.5米，長(zhǎng)14.5華里。林內(nèi)有各種樹木10萬(wàn)多株，數(shù)百種植物。在萬(wàn)木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，十分壯觀。

現(xiàn)在自由活動(dòng)3小時(shí)，可以自行游覽“三孔”，亦也可以進(jìn)行游戲、野餐等活動(dòng)，但必須保證衛(wèi)生。

參觀“三孔”到此結(jié)束了，回到家里時(shí)，別忘了說你們還有一個(gè)這樣導(dǎo)游噢！

三孔導(dǎo)游詞二

女士們、先生們：你們好！

歡迎來到曲阜。曲阜是我國(guó)古代偉大的思想家、政治家、教育家孔子的故鄉(xiāng)，亦是全國(guó)首批公布的24個(gè)歷史文化名城之一。孔子有句名言：“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎。”今天，我有幸為各位擔(dān)任導(dǎo)游，十分高興。我將盡力為大家提供滿意的服務(wù)，不足之處，請(qǐng)批評(píng)指正。

曲阜概況 在參觀“三孔”之前，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我把曲阜概況介紹一下：

曲阜地處魯中山區(qū)和魯西南平原的交界處，北依泰山，南引嶧山，東連沂蒙群山，西俯千疇平原。地勢(shì)東高西低，境內(nèi)泗河、沂河等河流均自東向西流淌，自古就有“圣人門前倒流水”之說。物產(chǎn)豐富，景色宜人。而大詩(shī)人李白曾描寫曲阜：“笑夸故人指絕境，山光水色青如蘭”。

曲阜歷史悠久，早在五六千年前，我們的祖先就在這里繁衍生息，創(chuàng)造了人類早期的文明。不少古籍中，還有炎帝、少吳徙都于曲阜，黃帝生于壽丘(曲阜城東8里處)，舜于壽丘作什器的記載。可見，中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代最有影響的三皇五帝中就有四人在曲阜留下了蹤跡。盡管這是傳說，但也并不是毫無根據(jù)的。從境內(nèi)保存下來的 20余處大汶口文化和龍山文化遺址中仍可見到我們的祖先征服自然的遺跡。“曲阜”一名最早見于禮記>>。東漢應(yīng)劭解釋說：“魯城東有阜，委曲長(zhǎng)七八里，故名曲阜。”商代前期，曲阜名奄，是商王朝的重要屬國(guó)。周代自“封周公于曲阜”800余年，曲阜為魯國(guó)都城，是當(dāng)時(shí)我國(guó)一個(gè)重要的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心。春秋時(shí)期，孔子首創(chuàng)私人講學(xué)之風(fēng)，“弟子三千，賢者七十有二”遍及全國(guó)各地，又成了當(dāng)時(shí)的教育中心。魯國(guó)是曲阜歷史上的黃金時(shí)期，以“禮儀之邦”著稱于世，故山東省現(xiàn)仍沿用“魯”作為簡(jiǎn)稱。公元前 249年，楚滅魯，置魯縣，秦代屬薛郡，西漢時(shí)為魯國(guó)都，魏晉南北朝時(shí)為魯郡治。隋開皇十六年(596年)，首定曲阜為縣名。到宋代改稱仙源縣，金代恢復(fù)曲阜縣名至今。1986年撤縣制，始稱曲阜市。現(xiàn)面積為890平方公里，人口60余萬(wàn)。悠久的歷史，燦爛的文化，給曲阜留下了大量的文物古跡，主要的有110余處，而其中的孔廟、孔府、孔林及魯國(guó)故城遺址被列為全國(guó)首批公布的重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，另有11處列為全省重要文物保護(hù)單位。“三孔”還于1994年被聯(lián)合國(guó)列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

新中國(guó)建立后，特別是黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)以來，黨和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對(duì)曲阜的文物古跡十分關(guān)注，國(guó)家先后撥款3000多萬(wàn)元對(duì)“三孔”進(jìn)行了全面修茸。近年來，為了大力發(fā)展旅游事業(yè)，二曲阜又相繼開發(fā)建設(shè)了孔子六藝城、論語(yǔ)碑苑、魯國(guó)盛世華夏文化城等一批新的旅游景點(diǎn)，形成人文與自然景觀，新老景點(diǎn)渾然一體，相映生輝的旅游資源新格局，成為中外游人向往的文化旅游勝地。

孔廟的第一座石坊叫“金聲玉振坊”。孟子對(duì)孔子曾有過這樣的評(píng)價(jià)，他說：“孔子之謂集大成，集大成者，金聲而玉振之也”。“金聲、玉振”表示奏樂的全過程，以擊鐘開始，以擊磐告終，比喻孔子的思想集古圣先賢之大成。石坊上面蓮花寶座上各刻有一個(gè)獨(dú)角怪獸稱“辟邪”，也叫“朝天吼”，這是封建社會(huì)王爵府第才可使用的飾物。

孔廟第一道門叫“欞星門”。“欞星”又名天田星，古人祭天，先要祭欞星。“欞星門”三個(gè)字為乾隆所書。“太和元?dú)狻狈煌敖鹇曈裾瘛狈徊畈欢啵}字為明代山東巡撫曾銑手書，贊頌孔子思想如同天地生育萬(wàn)物。此院東西各有一座腰門，東邊上書“德侔天地一樣大，他的學(xué)說古今來說都是最好的”。這座門叫“圣時(shí)門”，由此住里，有博大精深、深不可測(cè)之感。“圣時(shí)”二字，取<<孟子.萬(wàn)章下>>，“孔子，圣之時(shí)者也”句，意思是說，在圣人之中，孔子是最適合時(shí)代者。

過圣時(shí)門迎面小石橋，叫“璧水橋”，橋兩側(cè)偏南各有一座門，東門叫“快睹門”，是先睹為快的意思，西門叫“仰高門”贊頌孔子的學(xué)問十分高深。我們進(jìn)入的大門，稱“弘道門”，這三個(gè)字取自<<論語(yǔ).衛(wèi)星公>>“人能弘道”的句子，以此來贊頌孔子闡發(fā)了堯舜湯和文武周公之“道”。這道門也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)時(shí)孔廟的大門。再往后是“大中門”，大中門是宋朝時(shí)期孔廟的大門，原名叫“宮和門”，字的意思與孔子中庸之道的主張有關(guān)，由此門向南望去，一方面可以看到孔廟的歷史沿革，一方面也可以看到孔廟的不斷擴(kuò)大，這些建筑既有清代建筑，也有明代建筑，還有宋代建筑，它們建的時(shí)代不同，工匠不同，但都互相配合，相得益彰，構(gòu)成一體。看孔廟建筑，同時(shí)可以看到一部分中國(guó)封建社會(huì)的發(fā)展史。

這塊碑立于明成化四年(1468年)，因此也叫“成化碑”，它為明憲宗朱見深所立，碑高6米，寬2米多。這塊碑的特點(diǎn)是書法精湛，著稱于世，并且碑文用論辯形式寫成，在極力推崇孔子方面，可以說是之最。大家請(qǐng)看右上角，那上面寫道：“聯(lián)惟孔子之道，有天下者一日不可無焉”，又說：“孔子之道在天下，如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暫缺”。這碑下面的動(dòng)物不是烏龜，叫??，是龍的兒子，特別能負(fù)重，所以用來馱碑，有句話講“龍生九子不成龍”，在孔廟內(nèi)，龍和龍的9個(gè)兒子，你都可以看到，當(dāng)?shù)氐睦习傩粘磉@里撫摸這??，他們說：“摸摸??的頭，一輩子不犯愁，摸摸??的腚，一輩子不生病”。

我們面前的這座木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑名叫“奎文閣”，原是孔廟的藏書樓。“奎星”為二十八星宿之一，有星十六顆，“屈曲相鉤，似文字之畫”，后來人們把它演化為文官之首，封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星，所以孔子又稱“歷代文官主”。這座樓閣高23.35米，闊30.1米，深17.62米，三重飛檐，四層斗拱，構(gòu)造堅(jiān)固而且合理，康熙年間曲阜曾有過一次大地震，“人間房屋傾者九，存者一”，而奎文閣卻傲然屹立，安然無恙，由此可見我國(guó)古代勞動(dòng)人民的聰明智慧和高超的建筑藝術(shù)。

我們現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入孔廟的第六進(jìn)院落，展現(xiàn)在大家面前的是13座碑亭，南邊8座，北邊5座。亭內(nèi)保存著唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢，碑文多為皇帝對(duì)孔子的追謚加封、拜廟親祭、整修廟宇的紀(jì)錄，用漢文、八思巴文、滿文等刻成。此排中間的這座碑，重約65噸，采自北京的西山，在當(dāng)時(shí)，將如此重量的石碑從千里之外，跋山涉水，運(yùn)至曲阜，不能不說是一個(gè)奇跡。此院東、西各有一門，是孔廟第三道腰門，為“東華門、西華門”。

我們現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入大成門，“大成門”是指今天下之大成，這一排共有5門并列，最西邊為啟圣門，是供奉孔子父母的地方，中路大成門，又有“金聲門、玉振門”相佐，中路為孔廟最中心的地方，東為承圣門，原為孔子故居。

大家知道，孔子是偉大的思想家，教育家、政治家，我們認(rèn)為，孔子首先是個(gè)教育家，他是中國(guó)第一位老師，封建皇帝封他為“至圣先師”“萬(wàn)世師表”，應(yīng)當(dāng)說，他是全人類的老師，是名符其實(shí)的“人類靈魂工程師”。我們面前的“杏壇”，相傳是當(dāng)年孔子設(shè)壇講學(xué)的地方，金代建亭作以紀(jì)念，著名文人黨懷英書“杏壇”二字。壇側(cè)有棵杏樹，為后人所栽，每當(dāng)初春時(shí)節(jié)，紅花綻開，綠葉搖曳。所以乾隆皇帝來朝拜時(shí)，曾賦詩(shī)贊之，詩(shī)曰：重來又值秈開時(shí)，幾樹東風(fēng)簇絳枝，豈是人間凡卉比，文明終古共春熙。

矗立在我們面前的大殿就是名揚(yáng)天下的“大成殿”，它是中國(guó)的“三大殿”之一，與北京故宮的“太和殿”，泰山岱廟的“天貺殿”齊名，其雄偉壯麗有過之而無不及。殿高24.8米，闊45.78米，深24.8米，雕梁畫棟，金壁輝煌，特別是周圍28根石柱，為世界文化瑰寶，均以整石雕刻而成，前面10根為深浮雕，每柱二龍戲珠，盤繞升騰，栩栩如生，刀法剛勁有力，各具變化。過去皇帝來了，都是將此柱用黃布圍裹。他們?nèi)艨匆娍峙乱矔?huì)自慚不如。兩側(cè)及后廊的龍柱為淺浮雕，每柱72條龍，總共1296條。大成殿內(nèi)供奉著孔子塑像，兩側(cè)為四配，東西是復(fù)圣顏回、述圣孔及，西面是宗圣曾參和亞圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日，我們都在這里舉行盛大的國(guó)際孔子文化節(jié)和孔子誕辰紀(jì)念儀式，表演大型祭孔樂舞和“簫韶樂舞”，舉行豐富多彩的文化、旅游活動(dòng)，歡迎各位到時(shí)光臨。

大成殿兩側(cè)的綠瓦長(zhǎng)廊叫兩半島，共有80間房屋，是后世供奉先賢先儒的地方，在唐朝受供奉的只有20余人，到了民國(guó)多達(dá)156人，這些配享原為畫像，金時(shí)改為塑像，明代改為木制牌位，文革期間被拆掉。現(xiàn)在兩廊中主要存放漢畫像石刻和著名古碑。最珍貴的是漢魏六朝石刻22塊，如“五鳳”“禮器”“乙瑛”“孔廟”“史晨”“張猛龍”碑等，都為國(guó)家級(jí)石碑，被視為書法藝術(shù)的極品，價(jià)值連城的瑰寶。最北面的兩廡中，珍藏著584塊石碑，叫“玉虹樓”法貼，是孔子68代孫孔繼涑收集了歷代著名書法家的手跡慕刻而成，具有極高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。

寢殿是供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的專祠。圣跡殿是明萬(wàn)歷年間，根據(jù)司馬遷<<史記.孔子世家>>編繪刻石的連環(huán)畫，共有120幅。這是我國(guó)第一部有完整人物故事的連環(huán)畫。

我們現(xiàn)在的位置是孔廟東路，這里當(dāng)年為孔子故宅，這口水井為“孔子故宅井”，是當(dāng)年孔子飲水之井，后人稱為“圣水”。亭內(nèi)的碑有乾隆“飲水拜師”和“故宅井贊”，乾隆8次來曲阜，竟有他5次題字。后面這座紅色墻壁叫“魯壁”，在秦始皇焚書坑儒時(shí)，孔子9世孫孔鮒把<<論語(yǔ)>>等經(jīng)典藏在此壁內(nèi)，墻壁倒塌后被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，孔子經(jīng)典方才留傳于世。

這座殿堂叫“詩(shī)禮堂”，是當(dāng)年孔子教兒子學(xué)詩(shī)學(xué)禮的地方，堂前有兩棵宋代銀杏樹，當(dāng)初孔府曾用這棵樹的果實(shí)做菜，名叫“詩(shī)禮銀杏”大家在品嘗孔府菜時(shí)，千萬(wàn)不要忘了點(diǎn)這道菜，因?yàn)榇瞬说某鎏幘驮谶@個(gè)地方。

孔廟是一個(gè)巨大的文化博物館，我們匆匆看一次，只可窺見一斑。不能觀其全貌，尤其是不能會(huì)其神韻，那就留待各位以后再來時(shí)細(xì)細(xì)品味吧。下面我們參觀孔府。

孔府即“衍圣公府”，也是世界文化遺產(chǎn)之一，全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。孔府大門與孔廟僅一墻之隔。孔府共占地240畝，有廳、堂、樓、房463間，在路布局，九進(jìn)院落，東路為“東學(xué)”，西路為“西學(xué)”供游人游覽的主要是中路。

“衍圣公”是北宋至和二年(公元1055年)宋仁宗賜給孔子46代孫孔宗愿的封號(hào)，這一封號(hào)子孫相繼，整整襲封了32代，歷時(shí)880多年。遠(yuǎn)在這封號(hào)之前，自西漢以后，歷代封建王朝就給予孔子后代眾多封賜，漢代曾封孔子后代為“奉禮君”“關(guān)內(nèi)候”，魏晉南北朝又封“宗圣候、崇圣大夫”；唐朝封“文宣公”；宋代封“衍圣公”，到民國(guó)孔子77代孔德成時(shí)，改稱“奉禮官”。“衍圣公”是我國(guó)封建社會(huì)享有特權(quán)的大貴族，被稱為“天下第一家”，在明代，不僅班列群官之上，還特許在紫禁城騎馬等。孔子的嫡系長(zhǎng)支大多住在孔府，一直到1948年孔子77代孫孔德成離開曲阜，遷至臺(tái)灣。

孔府大門上方高懸藍(lán)底金字“圣府”二字。有趣的是門兩邊這幅對(duì)聯(lián)：上聯(lián)是“與國(guó)咸休安富尊榮公府第”，“富”字缺上面一“點(diǎn)”，寓“富不到頂”，下聯(lián)為“同天并老文章道德圣人家”，“章”字一豎直通“立字”，寓“文章通天”。“與國(guó)咸休”“同天并老”，這是多大的氣派!

孔府二門里，這座獨(dú)具風(fēng)格的門叫“恩賜重光門”，過去只有帝王大典、迎接“圣旨”時(shí)，此門才在13聲炮聲中徐徐啟開，此門又稱“儀門”或“塞門”。過去，一般官宦人家是不允許建的，只有封爵的邦君才能有其殊榮。

這個(gè)院子兩側(cè)的廳房，各掛有一個(gè)牌子，是孔府仿照建王朝六部而設(shè)的六廳，即管色廳、百戶廳、典籍廳、司樂廳、知印廳、掌書廳。

孔府“大堂”，是“衍圣公”宣讀圣旨、接見官員、審理重大案件，舉行重大儀式的地方。正中太師椅上，披鋪斑斕虎皮，長(zhǎng)桌上置文房四寶、印章令箭，兩旁擺滿各種兵器、更鼓、云牌、龍旗、官銜木牌，象征著孔府的種種特權(quán)，甚是威嚴(yán)。

二堂，也叫后廳，是當(dāng)年衍圣公會(huì)見四品以上官員的地方，里面的石碑和牌匾是清朝光緒、慈祥太后等封賜給衍圣公及夫人的。二堂東邊為啟事廳，為正四品官，負(fù)責(zé)上傳下達(dá)，西邊為伴官?gòu)d，為正七品，據(jù)說，過去官員赴京朝拜天子，一般只允許一主兩伴，而只有“衍圣公”可以一主四伴。

三堂，也叫退廳，也是衍圣公私設(shè)公堂，處理家庭內(nèi)部事務(wù)的場(chǎng)所。以上三個(gè)大堂，層層疊進(jìn)，很是森嚴(yán)，足顯出孔府的圣威和顯赫。

三堂過后，我們進(jìn)入“內(nèi)宅”，在過去，內(nèi)宅絕對(duì)不許擅入，有皇帝賜給的虎尾棍、燕翅鏜、金頭玉棍，由十幾人輪流把守，有不遵令入內(nèi)者，“打死勿論”。內(nèi)宅門西邊這個(gè)水槽叫石流，過去挑水夫不得進(jìn)入內(nèi)宅，只把水倒進(jìn)石流，淌入內(nèi)宅。

內(nèi)宅門的內(nèi)壁上畫著一個(gè)形似麒麟的動(dòng)物，叫“貪”，是傳說中的貪婪之獸，能吞下金銀財(cái)寶，你看它連八仙的寶物都吃掉了，還要去吃太陽(yáng)。據(jù)說當(dāng)年“衍圣公”出門時(shí)，都要駐足觀看此畫，并有人喊“過貪門”，以戒要清正廉潔，不要貪臟枉法。這對(duì)于我們現(xiàn)在的官員和“公仆”們，是不是也有借鑒和啟發(fā)呢？

這是前上房，有正廳7間，是孔府主人接待至親和朋友的地方，當(dāng)年孔府戲班在此演戲，東側(cè)間有乾隆皇帝送給孔府的荊根床，桌上有同治皇帝圣旨原件，中間是404件滿漢全席餐具，菜多達(dá)196道，可想孔府菜之豐盛。西里間，為衍圣公簽閱文件之處。

前堂樓是七間二層樓閣，富麗堂皇，室內(nèi)陳設(shè)布置，全為當(dāng)年原貌，內(nèi)有珍奇書畫墨寶、古玩衣冠，里套間為孔子后代孔令貽夫人陶氏臥室，這是孔德成先生的生母，至今尚有她的照片，她原是孔府丫環(huán)，后被納妾，生下孔德成，但被陶氏害死。西套間是孔令貽另一夫人豐氏的臥室，此人一生無聲無息，27歲就死去了。

這個(gè)院子是后堂樓，各有配樓三間，后堂樓是孔德成先生當(dāng)年結(jié)婚的地方，堂中陳列著當(dāng)年結(jié)婚的用品和名人贈(zèng)送的禮品和題字。孔德成結(jié)婚時(shí)，正值西安事變期間，本來蔣先生要親自參加婚禮，但遭到抗日將領(lǐng)張學(xué)良、楊虎成的逮捕，自然，他也就不能參加這最后一代衍圣公的隆重婚禮了。

我們現(xiàn)在參觀孔府后花園，它建于明弘治16年(公元1503年),由吏部尚書太子太傅,亦也是孔子62代孫衍圣公孔聞韶的親家李東陽(yáng)設(shè)計(jì)監(jiān)工建造的,到了明嘉靖年間,太子太傅、吏部尚書、當(dāng)朝權(quán)臣嚴(yán)嵩又助修建，嚴(yán)嵩的孫女嫁給了孔子64代衍圣公孔尚賢為一品夫人。到了清代，乾隆將自己的女兒嫁給了72代衍圣公孔憲培，又為修建孔府花園大動(dòng)土木，經(jīng)過前后三次大修，花園成了現(xiàn)在的規(guī)模，面積比北京故宮的花園還要大些。這里面有各種奇花異草，古樹名石如“五柏抱槐”“太湖石假山”等，請(qǐng)各位隨意觀賞一下。

孔府存有大量無比珍貴的文物，尤其是十余萬(wàn)卷孔府檔案，更是稀世文物，而為了保護(hù)這些文物，在李瑞環(huán)同志特此下，撥款修建了孔府檔案館，現(xiàn)在，這些文物和檔案得到了很好的保存。

各位朋友，剛才我們看了祭祀孔子的廟宇，看了孔子后代居住的府第孔府，下邊我們參觀埋葬孔子以及孔子后代的基地孔林。

孔 林

孔林，是孔子及其家庭的專用墓地，也是世界上延時(shí)最久、規(guī)模最大的家庭墓地，在位于曲阜城北泗水之上，占地三千余畝，周圍垣墻高3米，厚1.5米，長(zhǎng) 14.5華里。在這里既可考春秋之葬，證秦漢之墓，而又可研究我國(guó)歷代政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展和喪葬風(fēng)俗的演變歷史。孔林也是目前我國(guó)最大的人造園林。相傳孔子死后，“弟子各以四方奇木來植，故多異樹”。林內(nèi)有各種樹木10萬(wàn)多株，數(shù)百種植物。在萬(wàn)木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，除一批著名的漢碑移入孔廟保護(hù)外，林內(nèi)尚有唐、宋、金、元、明、清各代石碑3600多塊，又稱得上名副其實(shí)的碑林。過去墓地的“風(fēng)水”，被孔子的后代視作“命根子”。例如，清光緒三十年(1904年)，勘測(cè)津浦鐵路時(shí)，原計(jì)劃經(jīng)過曲阜，亦離孔林西墻很近。當(dāng)時(shí)的衍圣公孔令貽得此消息十分著急，向朝廷連遞幾件呈文，說鐵路將“震動(dòng)圣墓”，“破壞圣脈”，使祖宗靈魂不得安寧。結(jié)果鐵路到曲阜拐了個(gè)大彎，向西南繞行。如果沒有這檔子事，現(xiàn)在人們坐火車到曲阜游覽，就不用先到兗州下車，然后改乘汽車了。

大門孔林大門始建于明代，清代重修。進(jìn)入孔林大門是一條長(zhǎng)約1華里的甬道，迎面高大的門樓叫“觀樓”，俗稱“二林門”。此門原是古魯國(guó)城北門。大門到二門這一段，是孔林前突出的部分，類似古代城市建筑的月城。

孔尚任墓位于孔林東北隅，墓碑上書“奉直大夫戶部廣東清吏司員外郎東塘先生之墓”，即是孔尚任墓。孔尚任(1648－－1718年)，字聘之，號(hào)東塘，自稱云亭山人，是孔子第六十四代孫，我國(guó)清初著名劇作家，其代表作是桃花扇>>。他出生書香門弟，因?qū)以嚥坏冢心觌[居曲阜石門山。康熙二十三年(1684年)，康熙皇帝來曲阜祭孔時(shí)，他被孔府推薦為引駕官，并給皇帝講經(jīng)，深得褒獎(jiǎng)，破格提升為國(guó)子監(jiān)博士。赴京任職期間曾到淮楊一帶治河，通過吊古跡，訪隱士，搜集野史逸聞，對(duì)南明王朝的覆滅經(jīng)過有了深切的感受。回京后曾任戶部主事，員外郎等職。公余致力于戲曲創(chuàng)作。1699年，昆曲名劇桃花扇>>傳奇脫稿。王公顯貴爭(zhēng)相傳抄，戲班競(jìng)相演唱，一時(shí)轟動(dòng)京城。該劇以名士候方域與名妓李香君的愛情故事為主線，廣泛而深刻地反映了南明王朝滅亡的歷史。次年孔尚任卻被罷官回鄉(xiāng)，死后葬于此。他一生著述甚豐，另有詩(shī)文《石門山集》、《湖海集》、《岸堂文集》等。

于氏坊位于孔林北側(cè)，是孔子七十二代孫、衍圣公孔憲培與其妻于氏之墓。于氏原是清乾隆皇帝的女兒，那么為什么改姓于又嫁到孔府的呢？這里還有段小故事。據(jù)說乾隆的女兒臉上有塊黑痣，相術(shù)說，這塊痣主災(zāi)，破災(zāi)的唯一辦法是將她嫁給一個(gè)有福的人。朝里大臣們議論，天下只有孔圣人的后代最有福。但是當(dāng)時(shí)是滿族統(tǒng)治，按規(guī)定滿漢不能通婚。于是有人給皇帝出主意將女兒認(rèn)漢族大臣、戶部尚書于敏忠為義父，這樣以于家的名義嫁到孔府。于氏死后，孔府為其立了這座“鸞音褒德”牌坊。

洙水橋孔林二門內(nèi)有一條東西橫穿的小河，名曰：“洙水河”，因流經(jīng)孔子墓前，與“圣脈”攸關(guān)，故被后世譽(yù)為“靈源無窮，宜與天地共長(zhǎng)久”的“圣水”。洙水本是古代的一條河流，與泗水并稱為“洙泗”，后來成為孟子發(fā)祥地的代稱。古洙水早已湮沒。河上有橋三座，左右皆為平橋，中間的一座拱橋在孔子墓前，名曰：“洙水橋”。

孔子墓甬道洙水橋北迎面綠瓦三楹的高臺(tái)大門，叫“檔墓門”。而過此門即是孔子墓甬道。甬道有四對(duì)巨型石雕，名曰：華表、文豹、角端、翁仲。華表又稱“望柱”，是進(jìn)“天門”的標(biāo)志。文豹形象似豹，腋下噴火，溫順善良。角端傳說日行一萬(wàn)八千里，通四方語(yǔ)言，明外方幽遠(yuǎn)之事。文豹、角端都是想象中的怪獸。翁仲，傳說為秦代驍將，威震邊塞，后為對(duì)稱，雕文、武兩像，用以守墓。甬道盡頭大殿是祭祀孔子設(shè)香壇的享殿。解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，朱德總司令曾在此召開過軍事會(huì)議，所以又成為革命歷史文物。

孔子墓享殿之后紅色的墻院內(nèi)就是孔子及其兒、孫三代的墓地。孔子墓似一隆起的馬背，稱“馬鬣封”，是一種特殊尊貴的筑墓形式。墓前石碑篆刻“大成至圣文宣王墓” 是明正統(tǒng)八年(1443年)黃養(yǎng)正書。孔子于公元前479年去世，而當(dāng)時(shí)魯國(guó)國(guó)君稱他為“尼父”。這是有別于封號(hào)的最尊貴的稱號(hào)。孔子有封號(hào)始于公元元年，漢平帝追封孔子為公爵，稱“褒成宣尼公”。此后帝王紛紛給孔子封號(hào)，至唐開元二十七年(739年)唐玄宗李隆基給孔子謚號(hào)“文宣”，始稱“文宣王”。到元武帝于大德十一年(1007年)加封為“大成至圣文宣王”后又稱“至圣先師”、“大成至圣先師”等等。歷代王朝都為孔子的封號(hào)選擇了最高的贊譽(yù)之詞，可見孔子思想學(xué)說，對(duì)歷代統(tǒng)治是何等重要。

孔子墓東為其子孔鯉墓，南為其孫孔伋墓。而這種墓葬布局為“攜子抱孫”以示人衍興旺。

孔鯉墓 孔子的兒子孔鯉，一生無大作為，年50歲先孔子去世。但因系“圣人”之 子，故被宋徽宗封為“泗水侯”。子貢廬墓處孔子墓西三間房屋為子貢廬墓處。子貢，復(fù)姓端木，名賜，字子貢，是孔子得意門生之一，也是孔子弟子中善于經(jīng)商的學(xué)生。孔子死后，眾弟子為孔子守墓三年，相訣而去，獨(dú)子貢在此又守三年。而后人為紀(jì)念此事，建屋三間，立碑一座，題為“子貢廬墓處”。

孔伋墓孔子的孫子孔（前483－－前402年），是我國(guó)戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期著名的哲學(xué)家和思想家，當(dāng)孔子在世時(shí)，孔伋尚年幼。孔子死后，孔伋拜曾子為師。曾子，姓曾，名參，是孔子的得意門生，他繼承了孔子學(xué)說的真諦，并傳授給孔伋。曾子著有大學(xué)>>等書。據(jù)記載論語(yǔ)> >也是以曾子的教學(xué)講義為藍(lán)本，由他的門人弟子編輯而成。孔伋潛心研究孔子學(xué)說，著成中庸>>一書。孔伋的學(xué)生又把孔子思想學(xué)說傳給孟子，孟子上承孔子之學(xué)，著成孟子>>一書。以上論語(yǔ)>>、大學(xué)>>、中庸>>、孟子>>古稱“四書”，是儒學(xué)經(jīng)典著作。由此可見孔伋是儒家思想學(xué)派承上啟下的關(guān)鍵人物。歷史進(jìn)入到當(dāng)代，孔子和他創(chuàng)立的儒家思想學(xué)說并未與時(shí)俱去。長(zhǎng)期以來，特別是改革開放以來，國(guó)內(nèi)的孔子研究空前活躍，國(guó)際上也出現(xiàn)了一股“儒學(xué)研究熱”，以探討和重新評(píng)價(jià)孔子和儒學(xué)的當(dāng)代社會(huì)價(jià)值。由此我們相信，它必定推動(dòng)曲阜旅游事業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，帶來空前的繁榮。

“三孔”的游覽就到這里，我再把其他一些主要景點(diǎn)和其它方面簡(jiǎn)要的介紹一下。

曲阜的景點(diǎn)很多，多與孔子有關(guān)，可以更加增添您的感性認(rèn)識(shí)，更多地了解孔子和孔子文化。孔子六藝城座落在曲阜城南，是最近興建的一座大型旅游景觀，占地200畝，投資5000余萬(wàn)元，它以孔子禮、樂、射、御、書、數(shù)為主線，讓您在參與中、在娛樂中領(lǐng)會(huì)孔子思想的博大精深，在這里面您可以欣賞到盡善盡美的古樂舞，看到全國(guó)最大的青銅塑像，看到全世界最大的一部論語(yǔ)，可以乘坐古牛車游列國(guó)，是曲阜繼“三孔”以后的又一重要旅游景點(diǎn)。“論語(yǔ)碑苑”是反映孔子<<論語(yǔ)>>內(nèi)容的園林建筑，山水亭榭，曲徑通幽，品味很高；尼山孔廟，在曲阜城東南25公里，是孔子的出生地，山清水秀，古跡眾多；顏廟，是祭祀孔子弟子顏?zhàn)拥拇笮凸沤ㄖ海隹赘箝T再往東30米即到；出顏廟再向東一里路，即到了紀(jì)念周公的大型古建筑周公廟，那里有眾多的古樹和魯國(guó)故城遺址；出曲阜城向東6里，就是軒轅黃帝的出生地壽丘，在那里您可以看到為紀(jì)念黃帝而立的全世界最大的巨碑“宣和碑”“慶壽碑”，可以看到中國(guó)金字塔式的陵墓“少昊陵”；您如果要了解古代魯國(guó)的風(fēng)俗人情，可以參觀一下魯國(guó)盛世華夏文化城。在曲城北的石門山，是國(guó)家級(jí)森林公園，林木茂盛，景點(diǎn)眾多，也是孔尚任隱居寫<<桃花扇>>，以及唐代大詩(shī)人李白、杜甫生平最后一次宴別之處。在曲阜城南20公里，就是孟子的家鄉(xiāng)，有其規(guī)模比三孔稍小些的孟廟、孟府、孟林、孟母林、有岱南奇觀嶧山。向北60公里，就是五岳之首，被稱為中華之魂的泰山，向西90公里，就可以看到水泊梁山的遺址和風(fēng)光。

曲阜交通便利，104、327兩條國(guó)道從曲阜城交叉通過，曲阜距濟(jì)南國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)150公里，距濟(jì)寧機(jī)場(chǎng)60公里，距兗州火車站15公里。

各位朋友如需購(gòu)物，有不少有特色的旅游產(chǎn)品供大家挑選，著名的孔府家酒、孔府香油、孔府黑芝麻板、孔子拓片、尼山硯、儒家經(jīng)典著作等都很有紀(jì)念意義。

曲阜擁有一批星級(jí)賓館給各位提供良好的服務(wù)和食宿條件，三星級(jí)的闕里賓舍座落在孔廟、孔府一側(cè)，環(huán)境優(yōu)雅，功能齊全；杏壇賓館是二星級(jí)飯店，座落在六藝城附近，富麗堂皇；貴賓樓也是二星級(jí)飯店，與曲阜汽車站僅一路之隔；座落在市中心的三孔大酒店、孔府飯店、曲阜大酒店，也都有較好的硬件設(shè)施和上乘的服務(wù)，各賓館都有富有特色的孔府菜供您享用。

曲阜是信義之鄉(xiāng)，禮儀之邦，濃郁的風(fēng)土人情，熱情好客的人民，古樸的小城風(fēng)貌都會(huì)使您留戀忘返。

第四篇：三孔導(dǎo)游詞3篇

三孔導(dǎo)游詞3篇

山東濟(jì)寧曲阜的孔府、孔廟、孔林，統(tǒng)稱“三孔”，是中國(guó)歷代紀(jì)念孔子，推崇儒學(xué)的表征，以豐厚的文化積淀、悠久歷史、宏大規(guī)模、豐富文物珍藏，下面是三孔導(dǎo)游詞，歡迎欣賞。

三孔導(dǎo)游詞一：

各位朋友，在中國(guó)，在東方這片有著五千年文明歷史的土地上，你也許讀不懂青銅器上的銘文，也許不理解人頭獸身表現(xiàn)什么，象征什么。但是，當(dāng)你走進(jìn)中國(guó)人民的生活，行走在中華民族繁衍生息、勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造的古老土地上，你就能感受到、接觸到中國(guó)人民在日常生活中流露出來的儒家文化的氣息，你便能由此體驗(yàn)到中國(guó)人民與其他民族迥然不同的生活方式、風(fēng)土人情和理想道德的差異。無論你從哪個(gè)角度，哪個(gè)層次去探究中華民族的個(gè)性與品格，都不難發(fā)現(xiàn)儒家文化的基因，在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史演進(jìn)過程中，儒家文化幾乎成了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的代名詞。而儒家文化的創(chuàng)始人，就是孔子。

孔子，春秋時(shí)代魯國(guó)人，也就是曲阜人，名丘，字仲尼，生于公元前551年，死于公元前479年，享年73歲。孔子3歲時(shí)，父親叔梁紇去世，16歲時(shí)，母親顏征在去世，少年孔子成了孤兒，開始了他在等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的封建社會(huì)中獨(dú)自謀生、學(xué)習(xí)和奮斗的一生。

孔子少年發(fā)奮自學(xué)，勤而好問，青年時(shí)代便掌握了參與貴族政治必須熟悉的禮、樂、射、御、書、數(shù)六藝，進(jìn)而掌握了《詩(shī)》、《書》、《禮》、《樂》、《易》、《春秋》六經(jīng)的內(nèi)容，為創(chuàng)立儒家文化奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

孔子30歲設(shè)學(xué)授徒，開始了漫長(zhǎng)的教育生涯，他首開中國(guó)私人講學(xué)、面向民眾，提倡“有教無類”之風(fēng)，成為中國(guó)第一位，也是世界上第一位偉大的教育家。

孔子51歲時(shí)，才做了中都縣令，后來曾在魯攝相事，然而時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)，他便辭了官，離開魯國(guó)開始了他長(zhǎng)達(dá)14年的周游列國(guó)之行。

孔子在68歲時(shí)回到魯國(guó)，他把幾乎全部精力放在了教學(xué)和文獻(xiàn)整理上，一直到死。孔子的一生是顛沛流離，飽經(jīng)憂患的一生，是艱苦卓絕、激勵(lì)奮發(fā)的一生，是春風(fēng)化雨，培育英才的一生，是著書立說，濟(jì)時(shí)救世的一生。如今，他的軀體雖已灰飛煙滅，但他的思想，卻潛入每個(gè)東方人的心靈，他熔鑄了中華民族的個(gè)性和品格，隨著歷史的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，孔子還將引導(dǎo)著人類，跨向21世紀(jì)。

曲阜的文物古跡和旅游景點(diǎn)很多，大部分與孔子和孔子文化有關(guān)。現(xiàn)在我們所在的位置是曲阜明故城的正南門外，城門的北面是被稱為中國(guó)三大古建筑群之一的孔廟。城門的正上方有“萬(wàn)仞宮墻”4個(gè)大字。“仞”是古代的長(zhǎng)度單位，一仞約等于8尺。據(jù)說，有人稱贊孔子的弟子子貢很有學(xué)問，子貢聽說以后，就說：“人的學(xué)問好比宮墻，我的學(xué)問只有墻頭這么高，人們一看便會(huì)看見墻內(nèi)的一切，而我的老師孔子的這道墻有數(shù)仞，不找到它的門是不能看到墻內(nèi)宗廟之美麗、房舍的多種多樣”。后人為表達(dá)對(duì)孔子的敬仰，明代胡纘宗就寫了“萬(wàn)仞宮墻”4個(gè)字鑲在城門上，清代乾隆皇帝為了顯示自己對(duì)孔子的崇拜，又把胡碑取下，換上了自己寫的“萬(wàn)仞宮墻”4個(gè)大字。這就是“萬(wàn)仞宮墻”的來歷。

孔廟是后人為祭祀孔子而修建的廟宇，始建于孔子死后第2年。面積有327.5畝，仿皇宮之制，分九進(jìn)院落，左右對(duì)稱排列，整個(gè)建筑群共有五殿、一閣、一壇、兩廡、兩堂、17座碑亭、54座門坊共466間，南北長(zhǎng)約1公里。孔廟恢宏壯麗，面積之大，歷史之久，保存之完整，是世界建筑史上的唯一孤例。

三孔導(dǎo)游詞二：

女士們!先生們!大家好!我叫某某某。今天，由我來帶領(lǐng)你們游覽“三孔”：孔府·孔廟·孔林。孔子有句名言：“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎”我有幸擔(dān)任導(dǎo)游，十分高興。我將盡力為大家服務(wù)，不足之處，請(qǐng)批評(píng)改正。在參觀三孔之前，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹一下曲阜。曲阜地處魯中小區(qū)和魯西南平原的交界處。大詩(shī)人李白曾描寫曲阜：“笑夸故人指絕境，山光水色青如蘭”。

現(xiàn)在我們參觀孔廟。孔廟位于曲阜城中心，是古代人們?yōu)榱藥啄昕鬃由暗膫ゴ笏枷雽掗煹木衿焚|(zhì)所建的一座韻味十足的建筑。前后九進(jìn)院落，占地327.5畝，南北長(zhǎng)達(dá)1公里;共有建筑466間，54座門坊;加之廟內(nèi)1700余株古樹，一個(gè)個(gè)直沖云天，聽說當(dāng)時(shí)誰(shuí)敢砍倒一棵，就會(huì)以殺頭處理。每一棵樹，每一個(gè)門的名字都含有孔子“仁”的思想。

孔府與孔廟毗鄰,是孔子嫡系長(zhǎng)子長(zhǎng)孫居住的府第,三路布局,九進(jìn)院落,共有建筑463間,加上后花園,共占地240畝。孔府，也稱“衍圣公府”。“衍圣”的意思是說“圣道”、“圣裔”能繁衍接續(xù)，進(jìn)入孔府大門，由此向后孔府分為三路，東路建有一貫堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家廟等;西路是孔府當(dāng)年接待貴賓和讀書習(xí)禮的地方，有紅萼軒、忠恕堂、安懷堂、花廳等;中路是孔府的主體建筑，前半部為官衙，后半部為內(nèi)宅。

孔林，是孔子家庭的專用墓地，也是世界上延時(shí)最久、規(guī)模最大的家庭墓地。占地三千多畝。周圍垣墻高3米，厚1.5米，長(zhǎng)14.5華里。林內(nèi)有各種樹木10萬(wàn)多株，數(shù)百種植物。在萬(wàn)木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，十分壯觀。現(xiàn)在自由活動(dòng)3小時(shí)，可以自行游覽“三孔”，也可以進(jìn)行游戲、野餐等活動(dòng)，但必須保證衛(wèi)生。參觀“三孔”到此結(jié)束了!

三孔導(dǎo)游詞三：

尊敬的各位游客:

大家好!歡迎來到圣地曲阜!我是你們的導(dǎo)游陳柯潤(rùn),大家叫我小陳就可以了。今天,就由我來帶領(lǐng)你們游覽中外聞名的三孔:孔府、孔廟、孔林。孔子有句名言:“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來,不亦樂乎?” 我有幸擔(dān)任導(dǎo)游,十分高興!我將盡力為大家服好務(wù),如有不足之處,請(qǐng)指出來,我一定盡量改正!

進(jìn)入孔府的大門,由此向后分為三路,東路建有一貫堂、慕思堂等;西路是孔府當(dāng)年接待貴賓和讀書習(xí)禮的地方，有忠恕堂、安懷堂、花廳等;中路大部分都是孔府的主要建筑，前半部分是官衙，后半部分是內(nèi)宅。

孔廟本是孔氏家庭的家廟，廟內(nèi)有孔子親手栽種的檜樹，主要建筑是大成殿，殿前有著名的九龍柱和杏壇，后因?yàn)榭鬃邮艿阶鸪纾S多封建帝王都到這里來祭祀孔子，現(xiàn)在，我們濟(jì)寧市政府舉辦的一年一度的“國(guó)際孔子文化節(jié)”也都是在這里揭開序幕。

孔林是孔子家里的專用墓地，也是世界上歷時(shí)最久、規(guī)模最大的家庭墓地，占地3000多畝。林中有數(shù)百種樹木10萬(wàn)多株，在萬(wàn)木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，十分壯觀!

好啦，現(xiàn)在開始自由活動(dòng)三個(gè)小時(shí)，大家可以自由參觀一下，也可以做游戲、購(gòu)物等，但必須保證衛(wèi)生，不能亂扔垃圾。

參觀三孔的活動(dòng)至此結(jié)束，謝謝大家對(duì)我工作的支持!期待大家的再次光臨!

第五篇：曲阜三孔導(dǎo)游詞

曲阜三孔導(dǎo)游詞

尊敬的各位朋友；大家早上好！孔子曰有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來不亦樂乎。今天我就以孔子的這句名言歡迎大家來到孔子的故鄉(xiāng)曲阜參觀游覽。我是大家的地接導(dǎo)游員，希望通過我的講解，您能夠更好的了解三孔文化。也希望大家在此玩的高興游得盡興。在進(jìn)入景區(qū)之前，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我為大家簡(jiǎn)單的介紹一下三孔景區(qū)以及曲阜的概況。曲阜位于山東省西南部現(xiàn)有人口62萬(wàn)總面積890平方公里。“曲阜”二字始見于《爾雅》一書，東漢應(yīng)邵解釋說：魯城中有阜，委曲長(zhǎng)七八里，故名“曲阜”。會(huì)的導(dǎo)游服務(wù)，宋真宗大中祥符5年，也就是公元1012年，為了紀(jì)念中華民族的始祖軒轅黃帝在這里出生，曾一度改名“仙源”縣，金太宗天會(huì)7年又改名叫做曲阜，自此沿用至今。

萬(wàn)仞宮墻：現(xiàn)在我們所在的位置是曲阜明故城的正南門外，這里被叫做萬(wàn)仞宮墻，城門的正上方有“萬(wàn)仞宮墻”4個(gè)大字。“仞”是古代的長(zhǎng)度單位，一仞約約等于8尺，相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在的1.6米。據(jù)說，有人稱贊孔子的弟子子貢很有學(xué)問，子貢聽說以后，就說：“人的學(xué)問好比宮墻，我的學(xué)問只有墻頭這么高，而我的老師孔子的這道墻有數(shù)仞，不找到它的門是不能看到墻內(nèi)宗廟之美麗的”。清代乾隆皇帝為了顯示自己對(duì)孔子的崇拜，命人把自己題寫的“萬(wàn)仞宮墻”4個(gè)大字掛在墻上。

一．孔廟

孔廟概況：孔廟是祭祀我國(guó)春秋時(shí)期思想家、政治家、教育家孔子的廟宇，在世界眾多祭祀的廟宇當(dāng)中，孔廟是規(guī)模最大，最為古老的它與故宮，避暑山莊并成為中國(guó)三大古建筑。孔廟長(zhǎng)達(dá)1130米，東西最寬處月168米占地面積15萬(wàn)平方米。整個(gè)建筑群分為共分九進(jìn)院落，左右對(duì)稱排列。共有五殿、一祠、一閣、一壇、兩廡、兩堂、17座碑亭53做門房，共466間。建筑面積約1萬(wàn)6千平方米。孔廟在世界建筑史上被稱為“孤例”。它集歷史、建筑文化、藝術(shù)、書法、石刻、古墓等為一體。是我國(guó)古代勞動(dòng)者智慧的結(jié)晶。是珍貴的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)。1961年被國(guó)務(wù)院公布為第一批文物保護(hù)單位。1994年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。2007年被列為全國(guó)5A級(jí)旅游景區(qū)

“金聲玉振”坊：是孔廟的第一道門坊它建于明嘉靖17年，高5.6米長(zhǎng)13.5米，柱子是八角形。柱頂?shù)裼信咨瘾F護(hù)衛(wèi)“辟天邪”，門楣上的“金聲玉振”是明代大書法家胡纘宗的手記。金聲玉振這四個(gè)字出自孟子。借用孟子的語(yǔ)義，表達(dá)了孔子的學(xué)問精湛?jī)和昝溃缤鄻返娜^程，自始至終完整無缺。古樂是以敲鐘開始，以擊磬告終的，贊揚(yáng)孔子的學(xué)問如金聲玉振一般，金聲是鐘的聲音，表示開始，玉振是磬的聲音，表示結(jié)束。這也就是辦事要有始有終成語(yǔ)的來源。“二柏?fù)?dān)一孔”：過玉振坊，這個(gè)單孔的石拱橋叫做“泮水橋”，與行宮旁泮水池的水相通，因之演義為“盼水”。過去讀孔孟之書，考上高等學(xué)府叫“入盼”，做官的盼高升，做買賣盼發(fā)財(cái)，過日子盼興旺。橋兩邊各有一棵古柏，所以人稱“二柏?fù)?dān)一孔”。橋后東西各有一座石牌，上刻“官員人等至此下馬”，人稱“下馬碑”過去文武官員、庶民百姓從此路過，必須下馬下轎，以示對(duì)孔子的尊敬 “欞星門”：這座門叫“欞星門”。它是明代所建的。“欞星門”三個(gè)字是乾隆所題寫的。天上有二八星宿，其中掌管文化的叫做“欞星”又名文曲星。把孔子和天上掌管文化的星連在一起足以證明孔子的文化石最高的。古人祭天，先要祭文曲星。有“尊孔如尊天”的說法。大家看，坊高10.34米寬13米圓柱上下兩截，兩節(jié)相交處加了石強(qiáng)柱支撐，柱頭上有四大天王的畫像，中間是火焰寶珠。象征此門有上天保護(hù)。這道大門時(shí)經(jīng)過重修以后的，由木質(zhì)改為鐵梁石柱。

大中門：大中門是宋朝時(shí)期孔廟的正門，到了清代進(jìn)行了重建“大中門”三個(gè)字是由乾隆皇帝題寫的。原名叫“宮和門”，后改名“大中門”。大中門面擴(kuò)5間，是單檐歇山頂?shù)慕ㄖＲ环矫嬉部梢钥吹娇讖R的不斷擴(kuò)大，一方面可以看到孔廟的歷史沿革。

成化碑：現(xiàn)在我們看到的成化碑是孔廟中最著名的一塊，這一塊是明代成化皇帝朱見深所立。有兩個(gè)情況引起歷代大家名人的注意。一是成化碑正楷字寫的好、規(guī)范化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，精湛引人，字體筆法有“著稱于世”的評(píng)語(yǔ)；二是對(duì)孔子評(píng)價(jià)最高，歷代皇帝對(duì)孔子都有評(píng)說，評(píng)價(jià)最高的是成化皇帝，他把孔子的思想、辦法比作吃飯、穿衣、花錢，一天也離不開，有了孔子的道理和辦法，就能人盡其才，物盡其用，地盡其力，不然就亂套啦。說有孔子之道則有天下，沒孔子之道則無天下，反孔子之道則失天下。

同文門：取“人同心”字同文之意。是說同心協(xié)力，團(tuán)結(jié)一致才能干好事業(yè)；文字要統(tǒng)一，有統(tǒng)一的文字才能記載歷史傳播經(jīng)驗(yàn)，隨意造字就會(huì)亂套。同文門是奎文閣前的重要屏障。

奎文閣：我們面前的這座木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑名叫“奎文閣”，奎文閣原名藏書樓，是收藏皇帝書記的地方。最早建于宋朝。共三層七間。這座雄偉的建筑完全是木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，沒有用一釘一鉚。像搭積木一樣爾建成的在中國(guó)樓的建筑史上成為“孤例”。經(jīng)過幾次地震以后，“奎文閣”沒有震毀。康熙年間曲阜曾有過一次大地震，“人間房屋傾者九，存者一”，而奎文閣卻傲然屹立，安然無恙，由此可見我國(guó)古代勞動(dòng)人民的聰明智慧和高超的建筑藝術(shù)。

十三碑亭：我們現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入孔廟的第六進(jìn)院落，這里有13座碑亭、55塊碑。都是唐、宋、元、明、清各代所立。碑文多為皇帝對(duì)孔子的追謚加封、拜廟親祭、整修廟宇的紀(jì)錄，用漢文、八思巴文、滿文等刻成。清皇帝為了顯示自己，把碑亭建在了前面，從而出現(xiàn)了穿插院落的現(xiàn)象。這種犬牙相錯(cuò)，兩角相頂?shù)慕ㄖY(jié)構(gòu)是古建筑學(xué)上所講的“勾心斗角”。南邊是8塊碑，北邊是5塊。南8北5，所以稱為十三碑亭。因?yàn)槎际腔实叟鷾?zhǔn)的碑亭，所以這里又叫“御碑亭”

大成門：我們現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入大成門，“大成門”是指今天下之大成，在清朝的時(shí)候遭遇火災(zāi)而重建，大成門三個(gè)字為清雍正皇帝所題寫。

先師手植檜：大成門內(nèi)的檜樹，是孔子所手植的。據(jù)記載，孔子曾經(jīng)在這了栽過三棵樹，后枯死兩棵，這棵樹三枯三榮，也有“檜樹日茂則孔氏日興”的說法。“先師手植檜”這五個(gè)大字是明萬(wàn)歷年間的才子楊光訓(xùn)題寫的。杏壇：我們面前的“杏壇”，杏壇是在宋代的時(shí)候?yàn)榱思o(jì)念孔子講學(xué)而建的。相傳當(dāng)年孔子是在土臺(tái)上大杏樹下給弟子講學(xué)的，因?yàn)樵谶@里周圍環(huán)繞著杏樹所以名曰“杏壇”。在杏壇的亭子里有兩塊碑其中一塊碑正面刻著乾隆皇帝第一次來曲阜的時(shí)候?qū)懴碌摹靶訅x”是楷書，背面為乾隆皇帝第二次來到杏壇所題寫的行書。大成殿：矗立在我們面前的大殿就是名揚(yáng)天下的“大成殿”，它是中國(guó)的“三大殿”之一，與北京故宮的“太和殿”，泰山岱廟的“天貺殿”齊名，其雄偉壯麗有過之而無不及。殿高24.8米，闊45.78米，深24.8米，雕梁畫棟，金壁輝煌，特別是周圍28根石柱，為世界文化瑰寶，均以整石雕刻而成，前面10根為深浮雕，每柱二龍戲珠，盤繞升騰，栩栩如生，刀法剛勁有力，各具變化。過去皇帝來了，孔家人都是將此柱用黃布圍裹。怕他們看見了也會(huì)自慚不如。兩側(cè)及后廊的龍柱為淺浮雕，每柱72條龍，總共1296條。大成殿內(nèi)供奉著孔子塑像。每年9月26日、9月28日，我們都在這里舉行盛大的國(guó)際孔子文化節(jié)和孔子誕辰紀(jì)念儀式，表演大型祭孔樂舞和“簫韶樂舞”，舉行豐富多彩的文化、旅游活動(dòng)，歡迎各位到時(shí)光臨。兩廡：大成殿東西兩側(cè)的房子叫“兩廡”，是后世供奉先賢先儒的地方。這配享的賢儒大都是后世儒家學(xué)派中著名的人物。在唐朝僅有20余人，經(jīng)過歷代增添更換，到民國(guó)時(shí)，多達(dá)156人。這些配享的人原為畫像，金代改為塑像，明成化年間一律改為寫有名字的木制牌位，供奉在一座座的神龕中。現(xiàn)在兩廡中陳列著歷代石刻。

寢殿：沿大成殿回廊后轉(zhuǎn)，就來到了寢殿。寢殿是祭祀孔子夫人的地方。是孔廟第三大建筑。孔子妻子是春秋末期宋國(guó)人。復(fù)姓亓（qi2）官 19歲嫁給了孔子。是位賢妻良母，先于孔子七年去世。被封為“至圣先師夫人”。同孔子一樣享受祭祀。寢殿28根石柱上雕有鳳凰。每根柱子刻鳳凰72只，同龍的數(shù)量是一樣的。所以叫做“龍鳳呈祥”

玉虹樓法貼：這里陳列的572塊“玉虹樓法貼”，是清乾隆年間孔子后裔孔繼涑收集了歷代著名書法家的手跡臨摹精刻而成的。這些石刻原置于曲阜“十二府”的玉虹樓內(nèi)，1951年移入孔廟，1964年裝鑲展出，供書法愛好者欣賞，具有極高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。

圣跡殿：孔廟最后一座建筑。建于明代萬(wàn)歷年間，由巡按御史何出光主持建造。殿內(nèi)共有120幅繪畫刻石，反映了孔子一生的主要活動(dòng)和言論，是我國(guó)最早有完整人物故事的石刻連環(huán)畫。二．孔府

孔府前堂樓：是孔子第76代孫孔令儀及其夫人所居住的地方。在這里您能體會(huì)到封建王朝皇宮貴族的起居室。前堂樓現(xiàn)存為清光緒年間重建的樓兩側(cè)有東西配樓，是清朝的建筑。堂樓中間掛著孔令儀所書寫的四個(gè)大字，意思就是孔氏家族長(zhǎng)盛不衰，永遠(yuǎn)保持旺盛的生命力。

孔府：與孔廟毗鄰，是孔子嫡系長(zhǎng)子長(zhǎng)孫居住的府第，三路布局，九進(jìn)院落，孔府，也稱“衍圣公府”。“衍圣”的意思是說“圣道”、“圣裔”能繁衍接續(xù)，其子孫可世代相襲、輩輩相衍。清代在進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的修建。這就是今天人們所看到的我國(guó)封建社會(huì)中典型的官衙與內(nèi)宅合一的建筑—孔府。

孔府貪壁：孔府內(nèi)宅門上有一只像麒麟形狀的動(dòng)物叫做“貪”傳說為天間的神獸，據(jù)說此獸非常的兇惡，能吞金銀財(cái)寶盡管在它的腳下和周圍全是寶物，但是它還是不滿足，還想吃掉天上的太陽(yáng)，真可謂是“貪得無厭”過去孔府將貪畫，畫在此處，一出門就能看到也是告誡子孫不要貪贓枉法。

大堂：是當(dāng)年衍圣公宣讀圣旨、接見官員、審理案件，以及節(jié)日、壽辰舉行儀式的地方，里面陳列的是正一品爵位。北面靠墻的那些紅底金字的 牌子，是封爵和特權(quán)的象征，俗稱“十八塊云牌鑾架”。歷代衍圣公持著這些牌子進(jìn)京，可以暢行無阻。

二堂：是衍圣公會(huì)見四品以上官員和受皇帝委托每年替朝廷考試禮學(xué)、樂學(xué)童生的地方。屋內(nèi)七塊御制石碑，其中有清道光皇帝手書的“福壽”碑，慈祥太后手書的“壽”字及松鶴圖等。

三堂：也叫退廳，是衍圣公處理家庭內(nèi)部糾紛、處罰府內(nèi)仆役的場(chǎng)所。屋內(nèi)正中高懸的“六代含貽”匾額為乾隆皇帝手書，當(dāng)時(shí)孔府六代同堂，此匾意為六代人和睦相處，生活美滿。

內(nèi)宅門：三堂之后，便是孔府的內(nèi)宅部分，亦稱內(nèi)宅院。內(nèi)宅門與外界相隔。此門戒備森嚴(yán)，任何外人不得擅自入內(nèi)。清朝皇帝特賜虎尾棍、燕翅鏜、金頭玉棍三對(duì)兵器，由守門人持武器立于門前，有不遵令擅入者“嚴(yán)懲不貸”。門的西側(cè)還有一個(gè)露出墻外特制的水槽--石流，府內(nèi)規(guī)定挑水夫不得進(jìn)入內(nèi)宅，只把水倒入槽內(nèi)隔墻流入內(nèi)宅。

前上房：是孔府主人接待至親和近支族人的客廳，也是他們舉行家宴和婚喪儀式的主要場(chǎng)所。房?jī)?nèi)陳設(shè)華麗，文物古玩，琳瑯滿目。

后堂樓：是孔子第七十七代孫孔德成的住室。孔德成1920年出生，出生不到兩個(gè)月即被當(dāng)時(shí)的大總統(tǒng)徐世昌任命為襲封衍圣公。1935年被南京國(guó)民政府改授為“大成至圣先師奉祀官”。1936年與孫琪芳女士結(jié)婚。其后大部分時(shí)間隨國(guó)民政府在重慶和南京，1949年大陸解放前夕從南京遷往臺(tái)灣，曾任臺(tái)灣考試院院長(zhǎng)。

孔府后花園：始建于明弘治十六年，前后經(jīng)過三次大修，占地50余畝。清嘉慶年間，孔子第七十三代孫、衍圣公孔慶鎔重修時(shí)，將數(shù)塊大型鐵礦石置 于園內(nèi)，所以又稱“鐵山園”。其中的“五柏抱槐”中間是柏樹，周圍是槐樹所以叫做五柏抱槐。是花園內(nèi)的一大奇景。以此象征了孔子家族幾百年來互愛互助、同舟共濟(jì)的家族生活

三、孔林

孔林：是孔子及其家族的墓地，是世界上延時(shí)最長(zhǎng)、規(guī)模最大的一處家族墓地。孔林位于曲阜城北泗水之上，占地3000畝。中國(guó)古典建筑有四大類型，宮殿、園林、陵墓、寺廟。孔府孔廟集中體現(xiàn)了宮殿、園寺廟的特點(diǎn)，而孔林則是陵墓和園林均而有之。孔廟，孔府顯示了孔子思想的博大精深，和大家族的莊嚴(yán)。而孔林則體現(xiàn)了孔子及其后裔過世后的榮耀。自孔子于妻合葬，人植樹為孔林之始。經(jīng)過兩千多年70多帶的不斷的延續(xù)拓展，逐漸形成了面積廣大的孔氏家族專用墓地孔林。

神道：出去府城的北門，有條大道往前走直通古陵，所以大家稱之孔林神道。在古人的觀念當(dāng)中，神道是孔子接受祭祀時(shí)，神靈寄出的通道。整個(gè)神道青石鋪路，神道兩邊整齊排列著古柏，直到孔林的門前。它們形態(tài)各異，始終忠實(shí)的毅力在神道兩旁。

洙水橋：在我身后的就是洙水橋，而在洙水橋下流經(jīng)的就是洙水河。因?yàn)殇ㄋ恿鹘?jīng)孔子的墓前，所以于圣脈攸關(guān)。被后世譽(yù)為圣水。洙水本是古代的一條河流，跟泗水共稱為“洙泗”后來成為孟子發(fā)祥地的蓋成。古洙水河早已經(jīng)沒有了，河上有橋三座，都是平橋中間的一座拱橋在孔子墓前，所以叫做洙水橋。孔子墓甬道：甬道有四對(duì)巨型石雕，名曰：華表、文豹、角（lu4）端、翁仲。華表又稱“望柱”，是進(jìn)“天門”的標(biāo)志。文豹形象似豹，腋下噴火，溫順善良。角（lu4）端傳說日行一萬(wàn)八千里，通四方語(yǔ)言，明外方幽遠(yuǎn)之事。文豹、角端都是想象中的怪獸。翁仲，傳說為秦代大將，威震邊塞，后為對(duì)稱，雕文、武兩像，用以守墓。甬道盡頭大殿是祭祀孔子設(shè)香壇的享殿。解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，朱德總司令曾在此召開過軍事會(huì)議，所以又成為革命歷史文物。

孔伋墓：孔子的孫子孔伋是我國(guó)戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期著名的哲學(xué)家和思想家，孔子在世時(shí)，孔伋尚年幼。孔子死后，孔伋拜曾子為師。曾子，姓曾，名參，是孔子的得意門生，繼承了孔子學(xué)說的真諦，并傳授給孔伋。曾子著有<<大學(xué)>>等書。據(jù)記載<<論語(yǔ)> >也是以曾子的教學(xué)講義為藍(lán)本，由他的門人弟子編輯而成。孔伋潛心研究孔子學(xué)說，著成<<中庸>>一書。孔伋的學(xué)生又把孔子思想學(xué)說傳給孟子，孟子上承孔子之學(xué)，著成<<孟子>>一書。以上<<論語(yǔ)>>、<<大學(xué)>>、<<中庸>>、<<孟子>>古稱“四書”，是儒學(xué)經(jīng)典著作。由此可見孔伋是儒家思想學(xué)派承上啟下的關(guān)鍵人物。

孔鯉墓：孔子的兒子孔鯉，一生無大作為，年 50歲先孔子去世。但因系“圣人”之子，故被宋徽宗封為“泗水侯”。

孔子墓：孔子墓像一個(gè)隆起的馬背，稱“馬鬣封”，是一種特殊尊貴的筑墓形式。孔子墓旁邊是其兒子孔鯉墓，和孫孔伋墓。這種墓葬布局為“攜子抱孫”。墓前石碑篆刻“大成至圣文宣王墓” 是明正統(tǒng)八年黃養(yǎng)正書。孔子于公元前479年去世，當(dāng)時(shí)魯國(guó)國(guó)君稱他為“尼父”。這是有別于封號(hào)的最尊貴的稱號(hào)。孔子有封號(hào)始于公元元年，漢平帝追封孔子為公爵，稱“褒成宣尼公”。此后帝王紛紛給孔子封號(hào)，至唐開元二十七年唐玄宗李隆基給孔子謚號(hào)“文宣”，始稱“文宣王”。到元武帝于大德十一年加封為“大成至圣文宣王”后又稱“至圣先師”、“大成至圣先師”等等。歷代王朝都為孔子的封號(hào)選擇了最高的贊譽(yù)之詞，可見孔子思想學(xué)說，對(duì)歷代統(tǒng)治是何等重要。

子貢廬墓處：孔子墓西三間房屋為子貢廬墓處。子貢，復(fù)姓端木，名賜，字子貢，是孔子得意門生之一，也是孔子弟子中善于經(jīng)商的學(xué)生。孔子死后，眾弟子為孔子守，獨(dú)有子貢在此守墓六年。后人為紀(jì)念此事，建屋三間，立碑一座，題為“子貢廬墓處”。

至圣林坊：從神道一路走來，走到牌坊邊呢，就到了孔林中的至圣林了。這里原名宣盛林。在清朝的時(shí)候和孔廟一同改名為至圣林，此坊建于明朝，經(jīng)多次重修，到現(xiàn)在仍然保持明代早期的建筑特點(diǎn)。彩畫精細(xì)，顯得十分精美。在文化大革命中被毀，1980年復(fù)制。

二門：二門市周圍不接成華的一個(gè)樓 門上匾額寫的《恩賜重光》是明代皇帝所頒，因此也叫做重光門。按照請(qǐng)定制，只有在帝王大典，迎接圣旨，或者迎接皇帝的時(shí)候，才可以在13響禮炮的過程中將此門打開。兩旁的廊坊是仿照封建王朝“六部”所建的“六廳”