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南京理工大學英語雙學位口譯復習資料[模版]

時間:2019-05-14 22:08:40下載本文作者:會員上傳
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第一篇:南京理工大學英語雙學位口譯復習資料[模版]

1. 對于我本人和我的代表團成員來說,這是一個愉快而難忘的時刻。我接受閣下的邀請,前來訪問你們偉大的國家,這使我們有極好的機會重敘舊情,并結交新朋。

2. 中國政府將遵循互相尊重、平等互利、加強交流、共同發展的原則,為積極推動和促進亞太區域的經濟合作繼續做出自己的努力。3. 在新世紀、新千年即將到來的時刻,讓我們加強彼此之間的聯系,讓我們追尋共同的事業,讓我們開誠布公、尊重事實地處理我們的分歧,讓我們為了我們的子孫后代建設一個更加美好的世界

4. 在新的一年里,我們要充滿希望,我們要多干實事,我們要為公司的發展添磚加瓦。5. 一個繁榮、富強的中國,一個穩定的中國比一個**的、貧窮的、落后的中國要對無論美國也好、無論對亞太地區也好、無論對世界也好,是有好處的,是有益的。這個應該說是積極的。

6. 我們應該牢牢把握中美關系的大局,妥善 解決分歧,不斷朝著增進了解、擴大共識、發展合作、共創未來的目標前進。

7. 中國歷史上產生了許多杰出的哲學家、思想家、政治家、軍事家、科學家和文學藝術家。8.近三十年的實踐已經充分證明,我們進行改革開放的方向是正確的,信念是堅定的,步驟是穩妥的,方式是漸進的,取得的成就是巨大的。

9. 要和平,不要對抗;要和作,不要強權;要發展,不要貧困;是當今世界發展的主流,是世人的共同呼聲。10. 中國的潛在市場同國外的先進技術和資金結合起來,就能形成眾多的發展機遇。11. 我們堅持在和平共處五項原則的基礎上,建立發展友好合作關系。12. 他花了很長的時間完成公司的任務,之后去海南度過了輕松的假期,昨天才回來。13. 13億人口的中國保持穩定和加快發展,對促進亞太地區及世界的穩定和發展,具有極其重要的意義。14. 我們支持發展中國家改善他們的原料、初級產品和制成品的貿易條件,擴大銷售市場,確定公正價格等迫切要求。15. 不少人來做生意,又來觀光,從而促進了我國旅游事業的發展和服務質量的提高。16. 盡管中國與澳大利亞社會制度有差異,在某些問題上存在一些分歧,但只要雙方本著互相尊重,彼此信任的精神,就能長期友好,平等合作,共同發展。17. 中國幅員遼闊,自然資源豐富,廉價勞動力充裕,稅收低,消費者市場不斷增長,基礎設施不斷完善。18. 我認為,與那些使我們之間關系緊密的問題相比,我們之間的分歧也就算不了什么了。19. 品牌名稱是能看得見、能說出來、能寫出來的,而品牌標識是只能看得見而不能說出來的。20. 對于沖突的解決來說,最有害的就是他這篇不合時宜的講話。21. 前進道路上存在很難克服的障礙,最突出的就是心理障礙。22. 我們有理由相信,即將開幕的2008年北京奧運會,一定會成為奧運史上科技含量最高的一屆奧運會,也會成為奧運史上節能環保程度最高的一屆奧運會。23. 互相了解,是發展國與國之間關系的前提。唯有互相了解,才能增進信任,加強合作。24. 建校367年來,哈佛出過7位總統,40多位諾貝爾獲得者。這是你們的光榮。25. 大家知道,我出身在一個教師的家庭,我的童年是在戰火中度過的,我沒有在座的同學們那樣一個美好的童年。26. 美國當局和臺灣地區領導人的會晤不是一件平常的小事。對這樣一個嚴重事情,想要大事化小、小事化了,是絕不行的。27. 南北問題尖銳地擺在我們的面前,解決發展問題與解決和平問題同等迫切重要。28. 現在北京人特別有這種感覺,一到過年過節啦,保姆都有回家,就不得了了,家里面沒有人管孩子,就成了很大的問題。29. 在這里,我愿重申:中國將堅定不移地高舉和平、發展、合作的旗幟,走和平發展道路。中國將始終不渝地把自身的發展與人類共同進步聯系在一起。30. 所以有些個地方官員確實不重視農業,確實是口號農業,口頭講得很響亮,實際并不那么干,實際上還是挖農業、損害農業。31. 昨天,我們之間是一條羊腸小道;今天,我們之間是一條康莊大道;明天,我們之間將是一條高速公路。32. 我相信你會看到我們的價格是最優惠的,近年來,在其他地方,這種產品的價格上漲的幅度很大,而我們的價格卻無大的變動。33. 我們的少量核武器和次數有限的核試驗完全是為了自衛,我們從擁有核力量的第一天起就宣布絕不首先使用核武器。34. 今天,亞洲和歐洲的國家領導人聚集一堂,以平等友好的態度,就廣泛領域的合作交換意見。35. 玄奘萬里取經,帶回南亞國家的古老文化。鄭和“七下西洋”,把中華文化傳向遠方的國度。36. 今天,亞洲和歐洲的國家領導人聚集一堂,以平等友好的態度,就廣泛領域的合作交換意見。37. 張騫出使西域,開拓舉世聞名的“絲綢之路”。38. 早在公元前2,500年,中國人就開始了仰觀天文、俯察地理的活動,逐漸形成了“天人合一”的宇宙觀。39.

In conclusion, I offer to this Assembly my best wishes for success and to each of the participants a happy and meaningful stay in China, brief as it may be.Thank you very much for your kind attention.I hope I have not tired you out so much as to prevent you from enjoying the reception which follows this opening session.40. Thank you, Director General Han, for those opening remarks.It’s an honor to be co-hosting with you the “First US-China Forum on Sustainable Energy and the Environment”.This meeting, which we hope is the first of many discussions between US and Chinese government and business officials, is a unique opportunity to exchange ideas and discuss areas of cooperation in the fields of energy and the environment, the two biggest challenges facing our countries in the 21st century.41. I recall gazing around open-mouthed when I went with my wife on a holiday to Shanghai to see the general prosperity.I think at that time almost half the tall cranes in the world were actually in Shanghai, building these vast edifices.The giddy pace of development is likely to continue, in spite of the downside of increased pollution, which affects Hong Kong of course, the demographic problems and the problems of uneven development.Shanghai is not the whole of China.42.

There are a lot more wonderful and exciting events waiting for you in the New Beijing, a modern metropolis with 3,000 years of cultural treasures woven into the urban tapestry.Along with the iconic imagery of the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven and the Great Wall, the city also offers an endless mixture of theatres, museums, discos, all kinds of restaurants and shopping malls which will amaze you and delight you.43. We have gone down a different path and the possibility for engaging with this country in wider issues of mutual benefit and of common interest for the whole world puts United Kingdom in an interesting position.We are by far the most open of all the high-income countries.If we have time, perhaps we can talk a bit more later about the degree of our openness.Just today, GE has bought Wood, which is one of the most important manufacturers in its niche in oilfield services sector.Just very day there is a story of this kind, which is not a good or a bad thing, but it differentiates us sharply from Germany and to some degree from France.44. Tourism has become the leading driver of a number of our economies over the past two decades.Despite our concerted efforts, much more has to be done with regard to changing attitudes so that our people recognize the importance of the agricultural industry and its potential, if efficiently run, to generate profits.This linage must not only be seen in the light of Member States supplying goods for their own markets, but also the breadbasket for other developing countries in the region.45.

I want to thank all who participated in this historic summit---49 leaders from every region of the world.Today’s progress was possible because these leaders came not simply to talk, but to take actions;not simply to make vague pledges of future action, but to commit to meaningful steps that they are prepared to implement right now.46.

In 2009, China’s imports totaled US$1.0056 trillion, and its trade surplus dropped by US$102 billion.In the first seven months of this year, China’s imports reached US$766.6 billion, a surge of 47.2 percent year-on-year and the trade surplus was reduced by US$22.6 billion year-on-year.47.

Generally speaking, from the companies that we see coming to this, their level of knowledge is incredibly basic to begin with and that is a risk to the UK if UK business people do not understand what is going on in the second largest economy in the world.So, somehow, through many different means---and I think it is through multiple means---we have got to improve the knowledge of what is going on in China and Asia more generally in our country.48. During the past decade, you have made massive investments in your universities, strengthening the most excellent of those institutions while broadening access to higher education from less than 5 percent to more than 15 percent of your college-age population.Your nation’s focus on education has contributed substantially to your historically unprecedented success in lifting more than 200 million of your citizens out of poverty in the past quarter century.49.

The first three set out priorities for action in the fields of development, security and human rights, respectively, while the last deals with global institutions---mainly the United Nations itself, which must be, as the Millennium Declaration says, “a more effective instrument” for pursuing those priorities.50. Their sportsmanship and team spirit have inspired us all, and allowed us to believe that anything is possible.It is my deepest wish that you will take the spirit of the Asian Games, the ideals of fair play, tolerance and understanding, back to your homes and continue to spread these important messages.51. I think the biggest challenge for SMEs is lack of resource in the broader sense: both money and number of hours in the day.SME business owners tend to be pulled in multiple directions.And that is the biggest challenge in the context of China, because it is a long way away;it costs a great deal of money to develop the market.You do need to build those relationships that were mentioned earlier, and that requires a huge amount of investment, both timewise and capitalwise.But there are good opportunities.52. We each do the piece that we do best---as we’re doing, for example, in support of Ghana’s food security plan, which will help more farmers get more goods to market and earn more money to support their families.53. The challenges we face will be familiar to all of you: seismic shifts on global media;the Internet making everything global;fierce competition from media outlets that wouldn’t have registered a few years ago;new technologies creating rapid changes in audience expectations---not least to contribute and take part and to consume when and how they choose.54. I want to thank all who participated in this historic summit---49 leaders from every region of the world.Today’s progress was possible because these leaders came not simply to talk, but to take actions;not simply to make vague pledges of future action, but to commit to meaningful steps that they are prepared to implement right now.55. And there has been no sector of our societies that have been stronger proponents of US-China relations than the business sector.And so I’m very pleased that we have some of America’s top businesses here.Many of them have a longstanding relationship with China;have been selling American goods, promoting American services in China.And they, I think, can testify to the benefits that the United States obtains from strong relations with China.56. We’ve got some Chinese business leaders here, who I know are already doing business in the United States, making investments in the United States, and helping grow the economy here in the United States.I know they’re interested in finding ways that they can expand their activities in the United States.57. I make proposals for enabling the Economic and Social Council, whose functions are clearly relevant to our all-important development agenda, to play the leading role that should be expected of it, in making and implementing coherent United Nations policies for development.58. Today, with the ever-increasing applications of core technology of the new generation of Web 2.0 mode of information communication represented by blogs, tags, SNS, RSS and wiki, we deeply feel that Internet information technology is propelling the changes of technical approaches, functional structures and pattern modes to further change the transformation of the modes of the operation of society.59. As Canada’s third largest metropolitan city after Toronto and Montreal, Vancouver is an important industrial, financial and business center.While forestry remains its largest industry, it is well known as an urban center surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry.It is also the third-largest film production center in North America after Los Angeles and New York City, earning its film industry the nickname Hollywood North.60. Over time, expenses and fees can really make a difference.On an investment held for 20 years, a one percent annual fee will reduce the ending account balance by 18 percent.Say you started out with $10,000.And you averaged a 12 percent return for 20 years.That percent higher fee just cost you $14,000.You could have had $78,000, but instead you $64,000.That’s pretty good, but what did you get for those higher fees? That is the $64,000 dollar question.

第二篇:英語口譯 復習資料

英語口譯資格考試復習參考資料 Ceremonial Speech

(致)歡迎/開幕/閉幕詞(make/deliver)welcome/opening/closing speech 揭幕儀式 unveiling ceremony 為展覽會揭幕 inaugurate an exhibition 奠基儀式 foundation laying ceremony 開工典禮 commencement ceremony 答謝宴會 return banquet 晚宴 evening reception/dinner 招待會/宴會 reception 全球慶典 global celebration ceremony 友好訪問 goodwill visit 明/皓月當空 with a bright moon 良辰佳時 a wonderful time 發表熱情友好的講話 make a warm and friendly speech 熱情洋溢的歡迎詞 gracious speech of welcome 陛下 Your/His/Her Majesty 殿下 Your/His/Her Highness/Excellency/Royal(Imperial, Serene)Highness 閣下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency 尊敬的市長先生Respected/respectable/honorable Mr.Mayor 遠道而來的朋友friends coming from afar/coming all the way

冷餐招待會 buffet reception

簽字儀式 signing ceremony

剪彩儀式 ribbon-cutting ceremony

就職儀式 inauguration ceremony

移交儀式 turning-over ceremony

展覽會 exhibition

商品交易會 trade fair

世博會 world expo

頒獎儀式 prize giving ceremony/award ceremony

金秋 golden autumn 美妙的音樂 splendid music

宣布?開幕 declare?open;declare the commencement of?

宣布?閉幕 declare?the conclusion/closing of?

來自大洋彼岸的朋友 friends coming from the other side of the Pacific/ocean 商界的朋友們 friends from the business community

媒體的朋友們 media members

嘉賓 distinguished/honorable guests 全體同仁 all my colleges 東道國 host country

主辦單位 sponsor

承辦單位 organizer 組委會 the Organizing Committee 大會主題theme

of

the conference/meeting/forum/summit 作為友好使者 as an envoy of friendship 值此? 之際? on the occasion

借此機會 take this opportunity to 以?的名義 in the name of 本著?精神 in the spirit of 代表 on behalf of 主持晚宴 preside at this dinner 主持討論會 chair a discussion/seminar 請?發言 Give the floor to/ Let’ s welcome? to give a speech 請?頒獎 Let’s invite? to present the award 我很榮幸 It is a great pleasure for me to 結交新朋 establish new contacts 友好款待 gracious hospitality 正式邀請 official invitation 頻繁互訪 frequent exchange of visits 增進理解 promote understanding 相互促進 mutual promotion 共同繁榮 common prosperity 促進友好合作關系 advance our friendly relations of cooperation

承蒙/應??的盛情邀請 at the gracious invitation of 對?表示衷心祝賀extend our sincere congratulations on

以掌聲對?表示的最熱烈的歡迎propose the warmest applause to

對?表示衷心的感謝 express sincere gratitude to

轉達最誠摯的問候 convey the most gracious greetings

榮幸地答謝您給與我們的熱情招待 have the honor of

reciprocating your warm reception

寄希望于本屆大會 place our hopes on the current conference

使?取得預期效果 attain the results expected 宣布?結束 declare the closing of 由衷的謝意 heartfelt thanks

千言萬語說不盡 no words can fully express 再敘舊情 renew one’s old friendships

進行真誠有效的合作 carry out sincere and rewarding cooperation

符合兩國人民共同利益accord with our common

interests

保持良好的貿易伙伴關系 keep a good trading partnership with

繼續努力 make further efforts

攜手合作 make joint efforts/make concerted efforts 推向一個新的高度 push?to a new height 前所未有的 unprecedented

祝愿來訪富有成果 hope your visit will be rewarding 回顧過去 look back on/in retrospect 展望未來 look ahead;look into the future 最后 in conclusion/closing 預祝?圓滿成功wish? a complete success

提議祝酒 propose a toast 共同舉杯 join us in a toast to

為友誼/合作/健康干杯 propose a toast to our friendship/cooperation/health 干杯 cheers 我愿借此機會? I would like to take this opportunity to?/I would like to avail myself of this great opportunity to?

現在,我愉快地宣布??開幕。Now, I have the pleasure to declare?open.出席今天招待會的有 We have with us at the reception?

請全體起立,奏國歌,請坐!Please rise and play the National Anthem.Please be seated.有朋自遠方來,不亦樂乎 It’s a delight to have friends coming from afar.海內存知己,天涯若比鄰 Long distance separates no bosom friends.我很榮幸地代表中國政府和人民向來自聯合王國的代表團表示熱烈的歡迎I have the honor to express this warm welcome on behalf of the Chinese Government and people to the delegation from the United Kingdom.我謹向各位表示最熱烈/熱誠的歡迎。I would like to extend my warmest/cordial welcome to all of you.請允許我向遠道而來的貴賓表示熱烈的歡迎和親切的問候。Allow me to express my warm welcome and gracious greetings to our distinguished guests coming from afar.我們特別高興能有機會招待我們的美國貴賓。It gives us a feeling of special joy to have the opportunity of entertaining our distinguished guests from the United States.我為能代表董事會向來訪的加拿大代表團表示熱烈的歡迎而感到莫大的愉快。It gives me so great pleasure on behalf of the Board of Trustees to extend a warm welcome to all the members of the Canadian delegation.我為能在此為??主持晚宴而深感愉快。It is a great pleasure for me to preside at this dinner in honor of ?.對我本人以及董事會的全體成員來說,能在大連接待您是非常愉快和令人難忘的。This is a very happy and memorable occasion for me personally and the members of the Board to host you here in Dalian.我向各位表達我個人誠摯的歡迎,并衷心祝愿你們的來訪富有成果。I want to extend my personal earnest welcome to all of you and sincerely hope that your visit here will be rewarding.我祝愿本屆年會圓滿成功,并祝各位在大連過得愉快。Finally, I wish this annual meeting a complete success and wish all of you a pleasant stay in Dalian.承蒙由如此杰出的人士組成的團體造訪本公司,實屬莫大的榮幸。It is such a great honor and privilege to receive a visit to our company from a distinguished group of people like you.能見到太平洋彼岸的朋友,我非常激動。I am very excited to see our friends from the other side of the Pacific.我非常感謝有此機會訪問這個美麗富饒的國家。I greatly appreciate this opportunity to visit this beautiful and prosperous country.我們在此受到了隆重熱烈的接待和無限盛情地款待,我再次非常愉快地向我們的東道主表示深深的謝意。It gives me great pleasure to express once again to our host my deep appreciation for the grand reception and boundless and generous hospitality we enjoy here.對您的友好邀請,請接受我們誠摯的謝意。Please accept our sincere thanks for your kind invitation.對貴方的友好接待和盛情款待我謹對您表示衷心的感謝。I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude for your gracious reception and hospitality.我只想說我們非常感謝你們為我們所做的一切。I’d like to say how grateful we are for all you have done for us.我愿借此機會對您的幫助表示誠摯的謝意。I would like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my earnest gratitude for your help.在這臨別的時刻,我們都有一種戀戀不舍之情。We all feel reluctant to part from each other at this moment of parting.我期待著在不遠的將來訪問貴國。I am looking forward with great expectation to visiting your country in the near future.請允許我請各位與我一起舉杯,為我們兩市的友誼與合作干杯!May I ask you to join me in a toast to the friendship and cooperation between our two cities!在我結束講話之際,我請各位與我一起舉杯,為所有貴賓們的身體健康,為我們兩國之間持久的友誼與合作,為世界和平與繁榮,干杯!In closing, I would like you to join me in a toast: to the health of all our distinguished guests, to the lasting friendship and cooperation between our two countries, to the peace and prosperity of the world, Cheers!請允許我借此機會,祝愿市長先生,祝愿出席今晚招待會的所有中國朋友,身體健康!On the occasion of this reception, I wish Mr.Major and all our Chinese friends present here tonight good health!我預祝大會圓滿成功!I wish the conference a complete success!中法兩國人民友誼萬歲!Long live the friendship of the people of France and the people of China!我代表組委會,中國政府和中國人民,祝你們比賽成功,在大連度過一個美好時光。On behalf of the Organizing Committee, the Chinese Government, and the Chinese people, I wish you a successful meeting and a happy stay here with us in Dalian.part Two International Exchanges ? trade by commodities 商品貿易 ? visible trade 有形貿易 ? invisible trade 無形貿易 ? barter trade 易貨貿易 ? bilateral trade 雙邊貿易 ? multilateral trade 多邊貿易

? trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.? 在平等互利的基礎上和各國人民進行貿易 ? There has been a slowdown in …貿易已有所減少

? continuously expanding不斷發展.? Our company mainly trades…我們公司主要經營…

? … is well-known in trade circles在貿易界很有名望

? trade association 貿易協會

? Heavy enquiries witness the quality of our products.大量詢盤證明我們產品質量過硬。? inquire 詢盤;詢價;詢購 ? to inquire about 對...詢價

? to make an inquiry 發出詢盤;向...詢價 ? inquirer 詢價者 ? inquiry 詢盤

? firm price 實價,實盤 ? to make delivery 交貨

? Price is rising(falling).價格上升(下降)。? Price is up(down).價格上漲(下跌)。? Price is looking up.價格看漲 ? Price has skyrocketed.價格猛漲 ? Price has shot up.價格飛漲 ? Price has hiked.價格急劇抬高 ? Price is leveling off.價格趨平

? compensation trade 補償貿易 ? processing trade 來料加工貿易 ? assembling trade 來料裝配貿易 ? leasing trade 租賃貿易

? mainly trade with …firms主要和…進行貿易 ? be conducted on the basis of equality在平等的基礎上進行貿易

? business scope/frame 經營范圍 ? trading firm/house 貿易行,商行 ? trade fair 貿易展銷會 ? trade show 貿易展覽 ? trade terms/clause 貿易條款 ? trade balance 貿易平衡

? to conclude a business transaction 達成貿易交

? to make prompt-delivery 即期交貨 ? to make an offer for 對...報盤(報價)? firm offer 實盤 ? non-firm offer 虛盤

? to forward an offer(or to send an offer)寄送報盤 ? quote 報價 ? quotation 價格

? cost of production 生產費用

? Our offers are for 3 days.我們的報盤三天有效。? …is strengthening 堅挺 ? …is weakening 疲軟 ? ceiling price 最高價,頂價 ? base price 底價 ? rockbottom price 最低價 ? bedrock price 最低價

?Price is hovering between..and...價格徘徊于 ? Price has plummeted.價格暴跌。? current price 時價,現價 ? prevailing price 現價 ? ruling price 目前的價格 ? cost price 成本價 ? gross price 毛價 ? cargo freight 運費 ? shipping advice 裝船通知

? Price has downslided.價格劇降。? to effect shipment 裝運 ? forward shipment 遠期裝運 ? prompt shipment 即期裝運 ? dishonor 拒付

? deferred payment 延期付款 ? progressive payment 分期付款 ? payment on terms 定期付款

? F.O.B.Free On Board “船上交貨價”或稱“離岸價格”

? C.I.F.Cost, Insurance and Freight “成本加保險費、運費”或“到岸價格” ? C&F Cost and Freight “成本加運費”或“離岸加運費”價格

? We have extended the offer as per as your request.我們已按你方要求將報盤延期。? The offer holds good until …報價有效期到…

? All prices in the price lists are subject to our confirmation.報價單中所有價格以我方確認為準。

Background Information 國際貿易中常用的付款方法

A.預付現金

貨品付運前,進口商先向出口商支付全部貨款。這付款方法通常用于小額交易或訂造貨品。

B.跟單信用證(D/C)

L/C是國際貿易中常用的付款方式,在與客戶簽訂合同。客戶依照合同開出信用證(L/C)。出口商一定要檢查清楚信用證上的每個條款。是否有不合理的,如有不合理的條款,就要求客戶進行修改。出口商要在信用證規定的有效期內完成生產,出貨。并按照信用證上的要求準備好提單,發票等資料交到自己的受益行。受益行會交付到開證行。開證行核對所有的單證無誤后會通知客戶確認付款。然后放單給客戶提貨。

L/C付款方式相對來說,風險比較小,一般都是有信譽的銀行擔保。但是信用證對單證的要求很嚴,所以一定要特別注意這個方面。C.跟單托收

出口商如要在收款前或獲得付款的承諾前保留對貨品的控制權,可安排跟單托收。這種采用匯票的付款方式在國際貿易中十分普遍。

1.付款交單(D/P)

出口商透過托收銀行,指示代收銀行在收款后向進口商發放所有權及其他貨運文件。

2.承兌交單(D/A)

出口商透過托收銀行,指示代收銀行在進口商承兌匯票后發放所有權及其他貨運文件。

3.電匯(T/T)

電匯是匯出行應匯款人的申請,拍發加押電報或電傳(Tested Cable/Telex)或者通過SWIFT給國外匯入行,指示其解付一定金額給收款人的一種匯款結算方式。4.付現交單(CAD)

屬交貨時付款之銷售條件,此種付款方式為賣方買賣契約之約定,在出口地完成出口裝運后,備妥貨運單據(Shipping Documents)在出口地、進口地或第三國向買方指定銀行或代理人按單據提示收取貨款。若約定在進口地付款交付單據,則實際上與D/P十分相似,所不同的是D/P付款方式中,賣方需開出匯票(Draft)向買方收取貨款。而CAD付款方式僅憑貨運單據收取貨款,并不開發匯票。Draft 匯票

匯票是由一個人向另一個人簽發的,并給另一個人的一張無條件的書面支付命令,要求對方立即或在將來的某個時間或某一期間內支付一定金額給特定的人或其指定的人或持票人。在采用托收和信用證支付的情況下,匯票是主要出口單據之一。Acceptance 承兌

你出口之后肯定是委托銀行去收匯的,銀行將你的單據交到對方銀行,如果客戶想要提貨必須先拿到單據,但是如果不付款銀行就不會給單據,客戶就會出匯票或承諾多長時間付款,這樣從銀行拿到單據去提貨,然后到承諾的日期再付款。這就是承兌交單。

Documents外貿單據

Bill of exchange 匯票 Bill of lading提單

Certificate of origin原產地證明 Commercial invoice發票 Health certificate檢驗檢疫證明 Insurance document 保險證

Part 3 旅游

旅游相關詞匯及試譯小段

一.重要旅游會議和節日(Important Tourism Meetings And Festivals)the PATA?s 46 annual conference and fair

the APEC?s Tourism Forum held in Hong Kong in May

the Ministerial Meeting of Tourism sponsored by the APEC held in Seoul of the Republic of Korea in July

the International Conference on Sustainable Development of Asia Pacific Island Tourism sponsored by the World Tourism Organization

the UN Environment Program held in Sanya, Hainan in December ?92中國友好觀光年

Visit China 92 ?93中國山水風光游

China Landscape ?93 ?94中國遺產年

China Heritage ?94 ?95中國民俗風情游

China Folklore ?95 ?96中國度假消閑游

China Resort ?96 ?97 中國旅游年

Visit China ?97 ?98華夏城鄉游China Urban and Rural Tour ?98

stth

Packing list裝箱單

Third party inspection certificate 質檢證 Weight certificate量檢證 Customs Declaration報關單 Verification Sheet核銷單

?99生態環境游

China Eco-tour ?99 2000年神州世紀游New Millennium – China 2000 2001年中國體育健身游Health & Fitness – China 2001 2002年中國民間藝術游 Folk Arts – China 2002 2003年中國烹飪王國游 Culinary Kingdom – China 2003 2004年中國百姓生活游 Catch the Lifestyle – China 2004 2005年中國旅游年

Visit China 2005

第一屆中國敦煌國際文化旅游節

the 1 China Dunhuang International Cultural Tour Festival 第二屆中國昆明國際旅游節

the 2nd China Kunming International Tourism Festival 中國國際旅游商品展覽會

the China International Tourism Commodity Expo 第15屆國際冰雕大賽

the 15 International Ice Engraving Contest 世界旅游日(9月27日)

World Tourism Day(Sept.27)二.旅游機構(Tourist Organizations旅行社

travel agency/service

中國婦女旅行社the China Women?s Travel Service 國際旅游市場

international tourist market

旅游公司tourist company

中國青年旅行社 the China Youth Travel Service 中國旅行社the China Travel Service th中國國際體育旅游公司 the China International Sports Travel Company 中國天鵝國際旅游公司 the China Tian?e International Travel Service

中國國家旅游總局

China National Tourism Administration(CNTA)中國國際旅行社 the China International Travel Service(CITS)三.常用套話(frequently used tourism expressions)

中國歷史悠久、山川壯麗、民俗奇異、旅游資源十分豐富 China has a long history, splendid scenery and fantastical folk customs, which bring rich tourist resources.中國有27個名勝古跡被列入聯合國教科文組織的文化遺產錄 China has 27 scenic spots that are on the list of world heritages of the UNESCO.這里地勢起伏,花木蔥蘢,環境幽靜,建筑別致 Peaceful and secluded, this undulating terrain is covered with lush trees and beautiful flowers.The houses here are of unique architectural styles.兩者交相輝映,美不勝收 The two categories of scenic spots complement each other and are really captivating.公園景色與庭院建筑珠聯璧合,相映成趣 The buildings and the enchanting gardens are built in harmony, each representing a beautiful ornament to the other.把自然景觀和人文景觀完美地融為一體 a combination of natural scenery and cultural heritage;a perfect example of the kind of resort that embodies natural scenery and cultural heritage

中國傳統文化與世界新潮完美結合的典范 a perfect combination of the traditional Chinese culture and the world?s fads and fashion

桂林山水甲天下,陽朔山水甲桂林 The landscape of Guilin tops those elsewhere whereas the landscape of Yangshuo tops that of Guilin.上有天堂, 下有蘇杭 Up in heaven there is a paradise, down on earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.觀光與度假相結合 to combine sightseeing with holiday-making 驚人的自然景色

stunning natural beauty 名山大川

famous mountains and great rivers 令人流連忘返to be reluctant to leave;to linger on 世外桃源a paradise on earth;an earthly paradise

青山綠水

green hills and clear waters 難以忘懷的風景

haunting landscape

湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills/mountains 精巧絕倫exquisite

美不勝收breathtaking/intriguing beauty

景色如畫picturesque views

PART 4 國際交流(International Exchanges)Section I

1.Useful words and expressions 基本國策basic national policy/strategy 基本方針

basic guiding principle/policy 文化多元化

the diversity of cultures

“走出去”戰略

the strategy of “going global” 弘揚中國文化popularize the Chinese culture 互辦文化年

hold a culture year in turn 合作機制

cooperative mechanism

全方位

comprehensive/all-round/all-involving 博采眾長

learn from … openheartedly 開幕式

grand opening ceremony

改革開放to reform and open up to the outside world 心悅誠服

admire 大眾文化場所

mass/public cultural places/centers 文化品格

cultural quality

應運而生emerge at the right moment 綜合國力

comprehensive national strength 國際舞臺

international arena 國際地位

international status 契機

opportunity

混合委員會

mixed committee 多層次

multi-level

國寶級文物

national historical relics 博愛

fraternity/universal love 加強力度

intensify

大文化概念

the broad concept of culture 小文化概念

the narrow concept of culture 有關部門

concerned departments 文化項目

cultural items

世界級思想文化藝術大師

world famous masters in thought, culture and art 自由、平等、博愛

liberty, equality and fraternity

消除民族隔閡remove the misunderstanding/disagreement/gap/distance between nations 互相借鑒

merit from each other / draw on experience from each other

2.Structures

…是中國改革開放大背景下應運而生的產物… emerges at the right moment under the policy of Chinese reform and opening up to the outside world;… is a natural product derived from/originated in the grand background of China?s campaign of reform and opening up to the outside world.… is a natural consequence in response to China?s policy of reform and opening up to the outside world.…是我國加大改革開放力度的一個具體表現

…exemplifies China?s intensifying the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world

… is a manifestation/a specific example/an epitome of China?s effort to intensify the implementation of that policy.… manifests/demonstrates China?s intensive drive in the implementation of the policy.為…奠定了良好的基礎lay a solid foundation for…

為…提供了前所未有的契機provide … with an unprecedented opportunity

在21世紀,文化在促進國際關系中的作用的地位越來越突出,各國之間的文化交流與合作更顯迫切和重要。In the 21st century the role and status of culture is becoming more and more critical in improving the international relations, therefore it is urgently important to do cultural exchanges and cooperation between countries.In the 21st century is taking an increasingly prominent position in the improvement of international relations, which make it an imperative and critical task to promote cultural exchanges and cooperation between countries.十分重視保護和弘揚民族文化attach great importance to protecting and popularizing one?s national cultures highly regard the protection and popularization of one?s national cultures

主張維護民族文化的特性,保護世界文化的多樣性,促進世界文化多元化的發展

advocate maintaining their national cultural characteristics while defending and promoting the diversity of cultures in the world.uphold the idea to maintain national cultural uniqueness, preserve diversity and promote multiplicity in the development of world culture

文化的交流是人與人的交流,是心靈的溝通Cultural exchange is actually the communication between people, the bridging of souls

扎根本土,堅守傳統keep one?s locality and tradition

您對中國文化年有何期待?What do you expect from the China Cultural Year? 從本質上看,文化屬于大眾For its nature, culture belongs to the masses.豐富多彩,琳瑯滿目Rich and colorful 具有獨特魅力has unique charms 在劇院搞演出put on performances in the theatres 以真誠的愿望,負責的態度in a sincere and responsible manner

在展廳搞中國書畫展display Chinese calligraphy and paintings in exhibition halls 在西方大國中,法國率先同中國建交不是偶然的It is not by coincidence that France, one of the superpowers in the West, took the lead in establishing diplomatic relationship with China.不是口頭說說而已This has always been their practice rather than on their lips.我深信…一定能把互辦文化年這件大事辦成I am deeply convinced that China and France, …, will be successful in this great venture of hosting the Culture Year in turn.Section II Passage I

1.Useful words and expressions

亞洲有線電視與衛星廣播協會

Cable and Satellite Broadcasting Association of Asia 可持續性

sustainability 本土化

localization 總裁

president 人口覆蓋率

coverage rate 亨利 ? 基辛格博士

Dr.Henry Kissinger 電視頻道

television channel 有線電視申請戶

cable subscriber 紀錄片

documentary 動畫片

animated films/ cartoon 動畫系列片

series of animated films 電視系列劇

television series 為數不多的a limited number of 跨越式發展

develop by leaps and bounds 廣播頻道

broadcasting channel 深化改革

intensify one?s reform 頻道專業化

channel specialization

國家級電視網絡單位

national television network 組委會

organizing committee 中國專場(會議)

China session

陳述(發言)

presentation/ statement/ speech 媒體市場開發

media market development 社會責任

social responsibility 發言的主題

the theme of one?s speech

加強交流與合作 enhancing exchanges and cooperation 普遍需要

common need

偏見與誤解

bias and misunderstanding 交流與溝通

exchanges and communications 鮮明的個性特色

distinctive characteristics 競爭力

competitiveness 廣告收入

advertising revenues 商業總收入

gross business revenue

有利條件

unique advantages/ favorable conditions 電視廣播博物館國際理事會

International Council of the Museum of Television and Radio 2.Structures 請允許我代表…感謝…的邀請,使我和我的同事能夠出席這個會議。First of all, on behalf of …, please allow me to thank the … for inviting my colleagues and me to attend this meeting.我很高興能有此機會與來自其他國家的同行會聚一堂,圍繞…這一主題交流我們的思想。I am very pleased to have this opportunity to meet with our counterparts from other countries and to exchange ideas on the theme of … 說實在的, 我對…知之甚少,更不用說…了。To be honest, I knew little about …, let alone … 據統計數字顯示

according to statistics/ statistics show that

傳播新聞與信息,普及科學知識,提供文化娛樂與社會服務的重要工具an important means to disseminate news and information, popularize scientific knowledge and supply cultural entertainment and social services 我們真誠地歡迎我們的國外同行以合適的方式與我們交流與合作。We sincerely welcome our counterparts in foreign countries to develop cooperation and exchanges with us in ways they deem suitable.我相信我們的合作前景十分廣闊。I believe that the prospects for future cooperation are great.Passage II

1.Useful words and expressions hospitality 熱情好客 Yale 耶魯大學

The University of Texas 德克薩斯大學 Estrangement 隔閡;疏遠 Confront 面對;對抗 Suspicion 猜疑;不信任 Enduring civilization 悠久的文明 Noble traditions 高貴傳統 Potential 潛力

Of our own making由我們自己造成的 The community spirit 社區服務精神 Ambassador to China 駐華大使 Compassion 同情;憐憫 Humanitarian 人道主義的 2.Structures

end decades of estrangement and confront centuries of suspicion結束為時幾十年的隔閡,面對幾百年來的互不信任We are on a long journey toward achieving our own ideals of equality and justice.我們正在為實現平等正義的理想而做長期的努力。

on the grounds of common interest 同利益的基礎上

In a spirit of mutual respect 本著相互尊重的精神

Section IV Passage I

Aid 援助

Law enforcement 執法 Mentor 指導;輔導

World Trade Organization世界貿易組織 Obligation 義務;職責

Live up to one?s obligations 履行義務 The lure of materialism 物質誘惑 The grandest hopes 最美好的愿望 Circumstance of birth 出生環境 Words of welcome 歡迎詞 Secret ballot 秘密投票 Competitive election 競選 Democratic election 民主選舉 1.Useful words and expressions 梧桐樹

parasol tree 林蔭大道

broad avenue

隆重開幕

be inaugurated

燦爛的中國文化

splendid Chinese culture 世界性文化大國

a strong cultural power in the world/ cultural giant 一個獨具魅力,煥發著文化氣息的國家

a country featuring unique charm and flavor of culture 文化多樣性

the diversity of different cultures 經濟大國

economic power 講壇

culprit/ rostrum/ forum/ platform 國際活動領域

international occasions 東方文化

oriental culture 青銅器

bronze ware

鑒賞家

connoisseur 瓷器館

porcelain exhibition 東方和西方

oriental and occidental 精神享受

spiritual enjoyment 西方藝術界

the western art circle 文化部長

minister of culture 傳統文化、民族和地方文化

traditional culture, ethnic and local culture 中國文化異彩紛呈、百花齊放的繁榮景象colorful and varied culture of China, a flourishing vista in which hundred flowers are vying with one another to blossom 東方既白 – 20世紀中國繪畫展

the Dawning East – Exhibition of Chinese Fine Arts of the 20th Century 2.Structures

為…而感到欣慰

feel pleased with

特別要指出的是what we must especially stress is that …

彼此開誠布公wear one?s heart on one?s sleeve 可以預計…It is foreseeable that…

強調對其他文化和文明應持欣賞和學習的態度

a strong voice for the appreciation of and learning from cultures and civilizations other than that of one?s own

中國文化令西方感到神秘

people in the west marveled at the mystery of Chinese culture 中國的繪畫主旋律與中國社會發展息息相關,具有鮮明的文化自主性,體現著另一種現代性Chinese fine arts dance to the rhythm of the social development in the country, indicating the cultural independence that symbolizes another sort of modernity.跋涉過5000年的風雨滄桑,鑄造出永名史冊的輝煌文化wade through the vicissitudes of 5000 years, creating a splendid culture in history 兼容并蓄,博采眾長,描繪出百花齊放的絢麗畫卷paint a beautiful scroll of pictures by taking in what can be for its best and be compatible with them 繼往開來,與時俱進open up something new by carrying on that left over from the past to keep pace with the advance of the time 懷有真誠的交流愿望with sincere desire to communicate

Passage II

1.Useful words and expressions Welcoming words 歡迎詞 Bear witness to 見證/證明 Cultural expression 文化表達方式 Interaction 互動

2.Structures Important dimension 重要的一面 Cultural agreement

文化協定 Not least 尤其;特別

A renewed commitment 一個新任務 It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to this lunch.很高興能夠邀請大家共進午餐。

Having already spent some days in our country, y9ou may have become acquainted with some Norwegian traditions.在我們國家逗留了幾天,你們或許已經熟悉挪威的某些傳統習俗。Say a few welcoming words before treating our guests to a meal.在招待客人用餐前說上幾句歡迎詞

Knowledge of other cultures and cultural expressions contributes to stimulating dialogue between individuals and nations.學習其他文化與了解其他文化的表達方式,有助于促進個人與國家之間的對話.In recent years, an active cultural exchange has taken place to the benefit of the people of our two countries.近年來, 積極活躍的文化交流已經使兩國人民受益.I am convinced that the programme of cooperation which was signed earlier this week will be instrumental in increasing that knowledge.我堅信, 我們在本周頭幾天里簽定的合作項目將能大大增加我們在這方面的知識。Finally, I would like to propose a toast to … 最后,讓我們為…干杯

文化教育

愛國人士 patriotic personage 愛國主義教育patriotism

百分制 100-mark system 班主任Head Teacher

必修課required/compulsory course 畢業論文 thesis;dissertation 畢業設計 graduation ceremony 畢業實習graduation field work 畢業證書certificate

博士后 post doctorate

博士后科研流動站 center for post-doctoral studies 補考 make-up examination 補習學校 continuation school 成績單 school report;report card;transcript

成人教育 adult education 輟/失學青少年dropout/leaver

大學肆業生 undergraduate school diploma;graduation education in

德才兼備 to combine ability with character;equal stress on integrity and ability

副教授 associate professor 副修minor

副主任 vice-chairman

高等教育 higher/tertiary education 工程物理系 Department of Engineering Physics

公費government-supported student 公開課 open class 講師 Lecturer/Instructor 獎學金scholarship 獎學金生 prize fellow 教育部 Ministry of Education 進修班 class for advanced studies 進修課程refresher course 客座教授visiting professor;guest professor

課外活動extracurricular activities 課外閱讀 outside reading

論文導師 supervisor 旁聽生(美)auditor 旁聽生(英)guest student

普遍教育 general education 普及教育 universal education 啟發式 elicitation method(of teaching);heuristic method 人才枯竭exhaustion of human resources

授予(學士)confer

授予某人學位 to confer a degree on sb.雙學士制a double BA degree system 系主任

Department Chairman

/Department Head 校友 alumnus;alumna

協調發展coordinated and balanced program of development 新增勞動力 incoming labor force 畜牧系Department of Animal Husbandry

選修課 elective/optional course 學費 tuition(fee)學分 credit

學分制 the credit system 學歷education, educational history, record of formal schooling 學年 school/academic year 學期(school)term;semester 學前教育 preschool education 學生會students' union/association 學士bachelor

學術報告會,專題討論會 symposium

學院院長Dean of College/Head of College

學制educational system 研究生graduate student;

在職進修班 in-service training course

在職培訓 on-the-job/in-service training

占百分比 account for...% 中、小

自學成才 to become educated through independent study 自學考試 self-taught examination 綜合性大學university

總務長 Director in Charge of General Affairs

走讀生 day student;non-resident student, extern

校長 President/Chancellor ???short 2-to 3-year higher education programs 研究小組;討論會 seminar 助學金stipend/subsidy(小學)校長 Head /Master(中學)校長 Principal

comprehensive

headmaster/headmistress;principal 中等技術學校 secondary technical school;technical secondary school 中等教育 secondary education 重點大學 key university

重點學科 key disciplinary areas or priority fields of study 重點學校 key school

Graduate Supervisor;

主修major 住宿生 boarder

助教 Teaching Assistant(T.A.)注冊人數 enrollment 自費生commoner post-graduate(student)研究生指導教師Teacher/Research faculty adviser

優化教師隊伍 optimize the teaching staff t

Background information 二十四節氣的英文表達

二十四節氣 The 24 Solar Terms: 立春 Spring begins.雨水 The rains.驚蟄 Insects awaken.春分 Vernal Equinox 清明 Clear and bright.谷雨 Grain rain.立夏 Summer begins.小滿 Grain buds.中國傳統節日

芒種 Grain in ear.夏至 Summer solstice.小暑 Slight heat.大暑 Great heat.立秋 Autumn begins.處暑 Stopping the heat.白露 White dews.秋分 Autumn Equinox.寒露 Cold dews.霜降 Hoar-frost falls.立冬 Winter begins.小雪 Light snow.大雪 Heavy snow.冬至 Winter Solstice.小寒 Slight cold.大寒 Great cold

元宵節(燈節)the Lantern Festival 農歷正月十五 清明節the Qingming Festival四月五日前后 端午節the Dragon-Boat Festival農歷五月初五 中菜的烹調方法 煮boiling 煲/燉stewing 燒/燜/燴braising 煎frying

炒stir-frying 爆quick-frying 炸deep-frying

中秋節the Mid-Autumn Festival(the Moon Festival)重陽節the Double-Ninth Day農歷九月初九 情人節 the Double-Seventh Day農歷七月初七

煸sauteing 煨simmering 熏smoking

烤roasting/barbecuing

扒frying and simmering 烘baking 食譜 recipe

炸豬排 fried pork chop 北京烤鴨 roast Beijing duck 主食 staple food 饅頭 steamed bread 米飯 steamed rice

揚州炒飯 Yangchow fried rice 冷面 cold noodle 油條 fried twisted stick 鍋貼 pan-fried dumping 花卷 steamed twisted roll 小籠包steamed meat dumpling 炒米粉 fried ground rice noodles 酸辣湯 hot and sour soup 黑啤 dark beer

黃酒/花雕酒 yellow rice wine 什錦炒蔬 stir-fried mixed vegetables

蒸steaming 白灼scalding

烈酒 spirits/ strong liquor 白干 white liquor 佐餐酒 table wine

(酒)加冰塊的 on the rocks(酒)不加冰塊的 straight up 小啜 sip

礦泉水 mineral water 紅茶 black tea 清咖啡 black coffee 全脂/脫脂奶 whole/skim milk 酸奶 yoghurt 粟子 chestnut 馬蹄梨 water chestnut 蓮子 lotus seed 藕 lotus root

獼猴桃 kiwi fruit 山楂 haw 棗 Chinese date 餐前開胃點心 appetizer 主菜 main course 附菜 side dish 餐后甜食 dessert

什錦色拉 mixed fruit salad with ham

什錦水果圣代 mixed fruit sundae 民族風味餐 ethnic food 小吃 snack 冷盤 cold dish 點心 pastry

餐桌圓轉盤 Lazy Susan

炸醬面 noodles with fried brown sauce paste 粽子 rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves 回鍋肉 twice-cooked pork slices in brown sauce 雞茸蘑菇湯 cream of mushroom with chicken

四大發明the four great inventions of ancient China 火藥 gunpowder 造紙術paper-making

中國畫 traditional Chinese painting 水墨畫 Chinese brush painting 筆畫

stroke 中國熱 Sinomania 孫子兵法the Art of War 資治通鑒History as a Mirror 四合院 quadrangle

西游記 Journey to the West;Pilgrimage to the West 三國演義Romance of Three Kingdoms 紅樓夢 Dreams of the Red Mansions

印刷術

printing 指南針

the compass

京劇

Peking Opera 獨角戲 monodrama 雜技

acrobatics 馬戲

circus show 啞劇

pantomime;mime 踩高蹺 stilt walk

水滸傳 Heroes of the Marshes;Tales of the Water Margin 相聲witty dialogue comedy, standup comedy

唐三彩trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 陶器

pottery

寓言

fable

神話

mythology 傳說

legend 十二生肖zodiac

公歷

gregorian calendar 陰歷

lunar calendar 佛教

Buddhism 儒教

Confucianism 道教

Taoism 鍋貼

pot sticker

基督教 Christianity 新教

Protestant 天主教 Catholicism 洗禮

baptism 伊斯蘭教Islam 教堂

Church 寺廟

temple 廟會

temple fair

修道院 abbey 禮拜堂 chapel

齋月 Ramadan;month of fast 天主教堂cathedral 爆竹、鞭炮firecracker 春聯

spring couplets

辭舊迎新bring out the old year and ring in the new

國際關系

I.Useful words and phrases:

首席執行官閣下 Your Excellency Mr.Chief Executive 國事訪問 an official visit 深情厚意 profound friendship 代表團 delegation 代表團成員 member of the delegation 真誠的感謝 sincere thanks 金秋季節 Golden fall 真諦 essential factor 關心 care about 亞太地區 Asia-Pacific region 行為準則 code of conduct 公民權 civil right 政治權 political right 意識形態 ideology 宗教信仰 religious belief 睦鄰友好關系 good-neighborly friendship 相互信任 mutual trust 互惠合作 mutually beneficial cooperation 重大國際問題 major international issues 國際論壇 international forum 正義和尊嚴 justice and dignity 加強合作 step up cooperation 團結和利益 solidarity and interests近鄰 close neighbor 穩定與繁榮 stability and prosperity 和平與發展 peace and development 保持和平與穩定 maintain peace and stability 次大陸 subcontinent 各界人士 personages from various circles 在座的朋友們 all friends present 人民的幸福 the well-being of the people

促膝交談 sit together with you face to face 國有產業 state-run industries

不虛此行 It?s a very productive/fruitful trip.商業合作 business partnership/cooperation 人權 human rights

合作關系 partnership/cooperation

美好的祝愿 good wishes 唇齒相依 be close neighbors 絲綢之路 the Silk Road

友好往來 friendly exchanges

喀喇昆侖高速公路 the Karakoram

Highway

緊密相連 be closely linked up 外交關系 diplomatic relations 社會制度 social system 宗旨 purpose 腳踏實地地走向… there is a genuine movement toward… 共識與分歧 areas of agreements and disagreements 一條符合國情的發展道路 a road suited to national conditions 全方位合作伙伴關系 the partnership of all-round cooperation 為… 注入新的生機與活力 instill new vigor and vitality into…

技術轉讓 the transfer of technologies

保衛國家統一和領土完整 safeguard national unity and territorial integrity 一個公正合理的國際政治新秩序 a just and rational new international political and economic order 和平共處五項原則 the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 巴基斯坦伊斯蘭共和國 the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 對未來的共同看法 the sense of a shared future / the common judgment of the future 中國先秦思想家孔子 Confucius, a thinker of the early Qin Dynasty 以誠為本、以和為貴、以信為先 Honesty, harmony, and good faith 君子和而不同 In human relationships, a gentleman seeks harmony but not uniformity.相輔相成 Foster mutual complementation and mutual support 求同存異 Seeking common ground while putting aside differences 以鄰為善 The spirit of good neighborliness 東盟 ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)地區沖突和環境惡化 Regional conflicts and environmental degradation 大規模殺傷性武器擴散 The spread of weapons of mass destruction 獨特的人文和自然景觀 Unique cultural and natural scenes 一個長期和平穩定的國際環境 an international environment of lasting peace and stability 建設性合作關系 a constructive and cooperative relationship 防止大規模殺傷性武器擴散 prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction 保持溝通 keep in touch with 途徑和方式 means and ways

dramatic economic growth 經濟的迅速發展

cooperatives and private businesses 合資和私人企業 a genuine movement toward 腳踏實地地走向

公正合理地解決這些問題 a fair and reasonable solution to these problems 人均國內生產總值 per capita GDP(General Domestic Production)歷史傳統和文化背景 historical tradition and cultural background 生存權和發展權 the right to subsistence and the right to development 民主與法制建設 strengthen democracy and the legal system building target nuclear weapons at each other 把核武器瞄準對方

ring hollow and of dubious value 聽起來令人感到空洞并產生疑慮 incessant fears of global conflagrations 全球性災難的持續恐慌

predicated on ever-widening possibilities 以不斷擴大的可能性為基礎 scourge 災禍

grinding poverty 難以忍受的貧困 predicament 困境 succour 救助

cripple their capacities 使他們喪失能力 tuberculosis 肺結核

devastating consequences 破壞性的后果

brutal, savage and devastating 殘忍、野蠻,破壞力很大 the first South Summit 首屆南方首腦會議 multilateralism 多邊主義

interdependent world 互相依存的世界 stronghold 大本營

reap the benefit of peace 分享和平的果實 portend 預示

reinvigorate 復興

august 令人敬畏的,威嚴的 internal conflicts 國內沖突 external debts 外債

the world community 世界大家庭 abject poverty 絕對貧困 summit 峰會 reflect on 考慮 institution 機構 member state 成員國

nonproliferation 防止(武器等)擴散 eliminate 消除

exportation of dangerous technologies 危險技術出口 bridge the gap 跨越分歧 means and resources 手段和資源

fulfill its mandate 履行其授權

the consolidation of global peace 鞏固世界和平economic progress 經濟進步

support and complement 支持和補充 the process of globalization 全球化進程 cannot remain unaffected 不會不受影響 get sucked into this vortex 被卷入這一旋渦 creditor state 債權國

international financial institution 國際金融機構 dig oneself out from under 從…解脫出來

the Platform for Action 行動綱領

NGO(None Governmental Organization)非政府組織 the NGO Forum 非政府組織論壇 women with disabilities 殘疾婦女

the root causes of poverty 貧困的根源(根本原因)commitment 承諾;奉獻;(全身心去完成的)任務 look ahead with confidence 滿懷信心地展望 individuality 個性;個體

trade liberalization 貿易自由化 global trade regimes 全球貿易體制 imbalance 不平衡

the increased burden of debt 日益增長的債務負擔 caution 告戒

the subjects under discussion 討論主題 wide participation 廣泛參與 an age-old struggle 長期的斗爭 human rights 人權 women?s rights 婦女的權利

informed judgment 明智的判斷(wise judgment)domestic violence 家庭暴力 condemn and curtail 譴責和削弱 abilities and character 能力和性格

positions of power and authority 有權力的地位 the levers of power 權利杠桿

the arena of the world 世界舞臺(競技場)

honored guests, fellow delegates and observers 各位貴賓、代表、觀察員們 equal access to education and health care 接受教育和醫療保健的同等權利 make further progress towards each of these goals 朝每一個目標繼續邁進 II.Structures:

很榮幸能有此機會和您交談

We are very honored to have this opportunity to talk to you It is a great honor for me to talk to you.立即被…所打動One is immediately struck by …;Be immediately impressed by …;Be astonished by… 很顯然您對今天的中國有了深刻的認識

You?ve obviously made very in-depth observation of China.Obviously/apparently, you have got a deep understanding of China.不把核武器瞄準對方Not to target/aim nuclear weapons at each other 加入到防止危險技術出口的全球體系當中

Join the worldwide system that prevents the exportation of dangerous technologies.Become a member of the global system for the prevention of exporting dangerous technologies.承認共識和分歧Identify both agreements and disagreements 取得重大進展Make significant progress 看到彼此關系大大進步了Witness a lot of progress in our mutual relationship.非常感謝您給我們這個機會和您面對面交談Thank you very much for giving us this opportunity to sit together with you face to face.首先,我對市長先生和大學舉行這次活動,表示由衷的感謝。May I begin by thanking Mr.Mayor for holding this function in my honor.這個時期,正是中國實施改革開放的新政策,大力推進現代化建設的時期。The period coincides with China?s reform and opening-up program and its dynamic modernization drive.30多年來,中國的發展取得了舉世矚目的成就。It is during these 30 years that China attracted worldwide attention by pulling off a remarkable success story in development.促進世界的和平與發展,符合中國的根本利益。Strengthening peace and development at both regional and global levels serves China?s fundamental interests.中華民族自古就有以誠為本、以和為貴、以信為先的優良傳統。中國在處理國際關系時始終遵循這一價值觀。The Chinese nation has inherited from ancient times a fine tradition of honesty, harmony and good faith – values that China consistently abides by in the conduct of relations with other countries.維護世界和平、促進共同發展Safeguard world peace and promote common development.和諧以共生共長,不同以相輔相成Harmony promotes co-existence and co-prosperity;whereas differences foster mutual complementation and mutual support.和而不同,是社會事物和社會關系發展的一條重要規律,也是人們處世行事應該遵守的準則,是人類各種文明協調發展的真諦。Harmony without sameness is an important principle in the development of all social affairs and relationships and in guiding people?s conduct and behavior.Indeed, it is the essential factor of the harmonious development of all civilizations.與所有周邊國家和睦相處live in peace and harmony with all its surrounding countries 大千世界,豐富多彩Our world is a diverse and colorful place.相互交流和相互借鑒come together for exchanges and emulation 在和平競爭中取長補短,在求同存異中共同發展。They can learn from one another, benefit from their respective strengths in a peaceful competition and achieve common development by seeking common ground while putting aside differences.我們愿與美國和亞太各國共同努力,為促進地區的和平與繁榮發揮作用。We stand ready to work with the United States and other countries in the region to promote a peaceful and prosperous Asia-Pacific.中國將繼續加強與美國在反恐領域的磋商和合作,同世界各國一道,共同打擊恐怖主義這一國際公害。China will continue to step up its consultation and cooperation with the US on counterterrorism and join the rest of the world in the concerted fight against this common scourge.中美經濟互補性強,文化各有所長,兩國在經貿、能源、環保、科學技術和教育等方面的合作,潛力巨大,前景廣闊。Our economies are highly complementary and our cultures have distinctive features to make us proud.There exist vast potential and broad prospects for bilateral cooperation in the economic, trade, energy, environment, science, technology, education and other fields.符合兩國人民的根本利益和兩國人民的共同心愿be in the fundamental interests of the Chinese and Americans and meets their common aspiration 必將造福于兩國人民is bound to make our two peoples both winners 共同努力,增進了解,擴大共識,發展合作,共創中美關系的美好未來keep up our good work, increase our understanding, expand our consensus and enhance our cooperation so as to build an even better future for China-US relations.我很高興有這個機會應首席執行官閣下之邀對…進行訪問。I am very glad to have the opportunity of paying a … visit to … at the invitation of Your Excellency the Chief Executive.一踏上這片土地,我們就沉浸在…人民對中國人民的深情厚意之中。The moment we set foot on your soil, we have been immersed in the profound friendship of the … people towards the Chinese people.進行了富有成效的談話并就許多問題達成共識Hold candid and fruitful talks and reached consensus on many questions 舉辦了如此盛大的歡迎晚宴Host this grand welcoming dinner 都希望與我一起向 … 表達真誠的感謝并向在座所有的…朋友表達我們美好的祝愿Wish to join me in expressing sincere thanks to you and your wife and extending good wishes to all the … friends present here.關注該地區的局勢Care about the situation in the region 現在的中國政治穩定,經濟發展強勁,社會各方面都在進步。At present, China enjoys political stability, vibrant economic development and all-round social progress.中國人民目前正全力投入促進經濟發展,決心全面實現現代化,在本世紀中期將中國建設成為一個富強、繁榮、民主、文化發達的社會主義國家。The Chinese people are focusing their efforts on boosting economic development, determined to bring about modernization by and large and build China into a strong, prosperous, democratic and culturally advanced socialist country by the middle of this century.中國的穩定和發展不僅有助于亞洲的富強和發展而且對世界和平與發展有重要的貢獻。Stability and development in China are not only in the interest of prosperity and progress in Asia but also an important contribution to world peace and development.在這個…的時刻,請允許我再一次向…表示感謝At this moment when …, please allow me to convey once again my sincere thanks to …

感謝你們的盛情款待Thank you for your gracious hospitality 允許我向…表達我的敬意Please allow me to pay my tribute to …

祝愿我們的友誼之樹常青May the tree of our friendship remain ever green.現在讓我們舉杯,為…干杯!Now I would like to propose a toast to …, …, and …

Cheers!走出二次大戰的廢墟后已經經歷了漫長的跋涉has come a long way out of the ruins of the Second World War 已經從冷戰時代和對全球性災難的持續恐懼中擺脫出來emerge from the era of cold war and incessant fears of global conflagrations 由于科學技術取得了前所未有的進步,人類在各方面通過自身的努力而獲得發展的可能性不斷擴大。A new horizon is now in front of us, predicated on ever-widening possibilities for development in all spheres of human endeavor, resulting from unparalleled advances in science and technology.科學技術在貧困和新的疾病面前束手無策Challenges of poverty and new disease that have so far defied scientific knowledge and control 威脅地區和平,并阻礙社會和經濟發展threaten regional peace and impede social and economic development 聯合國未能將希望帶給聯合國為之服務的數以百萬計的人們,我們為此深感不安。We must all feel deeply worried that the message of hope which this organization has been spreading, is yet to reach the millions of mankind for whom it is intended.難以忍受的貧困仍然與他們日日相伴。Grinding poverty has remained a fact of their everyday existence.使他們自己處于尷尬的無助境地Find themselves in the unenviable predicament of helplessness 使他們的主動性受到挫折crippled their capacity for national initiatives 卷土重來,帶來破壞性后果reappear with devastating consequences 形成了和戰爭本身一樣的潛在破壞性的致命聯系form a lethal nexus with as much potential for devastation as war itself 新時代正在被全球化的力量所主宰,這些力量正在把我們的世界變成一座村莊。The new age is being shaped by forces of globalization that are turning our world into a village.全球化必須意味著根除貧困。Globalization has to be seen to mean the eradication of poverty.只有到那時,真正的睦鄰友好精神才會在這個新的地球村中發揚光大。Only then will the true spirit of good neighborliness reign in the new global village.世界大家庭面臨的挑戰是發展一種新的國際合作關系,在全世界消滅極度貧困The world community is challenged to evolve a new system of international cooperation that will help to eliminate abject poverty throughout the world.將發展中國家融入全球一體化的世界經濟之中integrate the developing countries into the globalized world economy 我們必須關注持續不斷的國內沖突We must all be concerned about the persistence of internal conflicts 在和睦與繁榮中奔向未來。March forward in harmony and prosperity.生命和財產遭到破壞令人深感痛心。地區沖突也深深影響了社會的弱勢成員,即婦女和兒童。這一切都提醒我們這些聯合國成員,世界和平這一目標在許多地區還遠未實現。The unfortunate destruction of lives and properties and their effects on the weaker members of the society, namely children and women, remind us as members of the UN that our objective of world peace is still beyond many communities.但是我們應該為自己和后代開創這樣一個未來:世界上所有國家,所有民族,都能夠和平共處,體面地生活在一起。But this much we owe to ourselves and to succeeding generations: a world where all nations, all races and all peoples can live in dignity and in peace with one another.我們必須下決心加強和復興聯合國,來做好今后的工作。We must all resolve to strengthen and reinvigorate the United Nations for the work ahead.我很高興并且代表…在這個具有歷史意義的大會上發表講話。I am pleased and proud to address this historic conference on behalf of …

我的政府向…表示祝賀。My government congratulated … 協助舉辦這次會議Help to organize the conference 擬定(起草)行動綱領Draft the Platform of Action

在本著對每個人的尊嚴、價值尊重的基礎上,為全人類謀求經濟發展和社會進步The pursuit of economic and social progress for all people, based on respect for the dignity and value of each

我們相聚在這里,為的是改進婦女在政治經濟決策上的角色來提高她們的地位。We are here to empower women by enlarging their role in making economic and political decisions.我們來到這里,是為了朝…的目標繼續前進。We are here to make further progress towards … 讓我們奮斗,直至…的那一天。Let us strive for the day when …

讓我們徹底回絕對我們的壓抑和蔑視之舉,因為正是這些勢力阻止了我們的前進。Let us reject outright the forces of repression and ignorance that have held us back.用團結賦予我們的力量和樂觀主義精神行動起來。Act with strength and optimism unity can provide.讓我們向…致敬(為…感到驕傲)Let us honor …

讓我們重視生活中的啟示Let us heed the instruction of our own lives.無論在哪個國家進入哪個社區,你都會發現,婦女們(通常迎著巨大的風險)堅決要求以平等的話語權通過平等的渠道來爭取權力。Enter any community in any country, and you will find women insisting – often at great risk – on their right to an equal voice and equal access to the levers of power.是時候了。我們應該釋放全部的內在能力去進行生產,獲得成就,并豐富生活。這是我們世界婦女天生就具備的能力。It is time to unleash the full capacity for production, accomplishment and the enrichment of life that is inherent in us – the women of the world.

第三篇:口譯復習資料

1.3 美國副總統復旦演講(page 12)

韓市長,非常感謝您。感謝您做介紹時的友好言辭。今天我們很高興來到這里。我夫人與我有這次機會再次來到中國訪問感到榮幸。感謝貴國對我們的歡迎,特別感謝復旦大學的熱情接待。我們為此感到不勝榮幸,謝謝你們。我們此行帶來了布什總統和美國人民的良好祝愿。

我知道在座的許多人很快就要從這所優秀的大學畢業。我聽說貴校有極為嚴格的標準,得到復旦大學的學位代表著多年的刻苦攻讀和自我約束。我祝賀在座各位學業有成。我欽佩各位老師為發揚復旦99年的優良傳統而付出的不懈努力。

4.5 On educational exchanges between China and the UK(page 42)Q: My question is about educational exchanges.You mentioned in your speech that there are large numbers of Chinese students studying in Britain.As we know, it is extremely difficult to get a scholarship at a British university.But the tuition fees for international students far exceed these for home students.So we cannot help wondering about the motivation of British universities in enrolling Chinese students.Is it to promote educational exchanges with China and to liven up campus life in Britain, or just for a commercial purpose? Thank you.A: 這實際上是出于多種考慮。我不否認有商業考慮,辦大學也要花錢,不過教育交流是主要目的。獎學金難申請是因為錢要由政府出,有時候納稅人有意見,說政府應該把獎學金給本國學生而不是外國學生。所以很困難。

但我們現在已經擴大獎學金的范圍。事實上,過去幾年,中國學生來英國留學人數大大增加了,這說明獎學金難歸難,你們還是有辦法來留學的。

我想教育交流在未來會非常重要,我也希望,每一次外國學生來中國學習,回去時就像是一個英國的大使,到他的國家為我們宣傳,不管是在中國,俄羅斯還是哪個國家。所以我們在擴大教育規模,吸收更多的海外留學生。所以你們繼續申請獎學金,我們會盡力幫助的。Q: Mr.Blair, welcome to Tsinghua University.I was deeply impressed by your support for Sino-British educational exchanges, but I was also sorry to learn that some universities in northern Britain have decided to cancel the major of Chinese Culture and Language, among them the University of Durham.Will this affect cultural and educational cooperation between our two countries? If so, what is your solution? A:講到學校的課程,既然我聽說了這件事,我打算回去看看究竟,不過大學作出這樣的決定原因很多,也許是經濟原因,或者是他們面臨某種困難,這也是時有的事。要把想做的事都辦成,錢總是不夠的。不過我可以向你保證,我們會一如既往的歡迎中國學生來英國學習,就算杜倫大學沒有合適的專業,其他大學也肯定有。8.4 Managing editor of the Washington post talks about China(page 89)有人說,《華盛頓郵報》經常把中國描繪成一個“共產主義的專制國家”,那里的人民“沒有民主,沒有自由”。他們問,為什么《華盛頓郵報》對這些負面的字眼如此感興趣呢?對此,我不能贊同。首先,包括《華盛頓郵報》和《紐約時報》在內,幾乎沒有美國大報今天都不再將中國稱為“專制國家”。《華盛頓郵報》已經很長時間不再使用類似這樣的字眼了。今天,我們依然稱中國為“共產黨國家”,那是因為這是一個事實,中國的確是由共產黨所統治的。

今天,《華盛頓郵報》正在努力嘗試去理解中國的復雜性。去年本報就發表了好幾篇有關中國市民社會的長篇報道。這些報道的主題多樣,涉及到網絡、工人、政府與個體的沖突等等。這些報道全面反映了中國的復雜性。

中國是一個大國,每天都在發生很多不同的事情,這些事情很多是自相矛盾的。比如,中國的經濟成就在短時間內讓成千上萬的老百姓脫貧,這是其他國家望塵莫及的。但同時中國也面臨很多矛盾。全世界都在拭目以待,看中國領導人如何解決這些矛盾。

我們都應該向中國學習。中國對我們未來生活的影響將會越來越大。在過去的50年中,在美國發生的一切影響到了全世界眾多的地方。今天,中國的作用跟美國有異曲同工之妙。作為正在崛起的經濟大國,中國將對世界—包括美國—發揮越來越大的影響力,尤其是在經濟領域。中國人民將很快接受這樣一個事實,那就是中國發生的事將對世界產生巨大的影響。

我到過中國3次。第一次是在1999年。第二次是2001年3月,期間我有幸采訪了中國國家主席江澤民。第三次是2003年11月,期間我又采訪了中國國務院總理溫家寶。中國有令人難以置信的活力,中國文化也是如此豐富多彩。每次到中國,我都感覺自己看到和學到了一些新東西。中國的景色無與倫比,發展潛力巨大。我認為,中國如何應對今后的挑戰將決定這個星球的未來。

我認為自己沒有資格來評價中國的領導人。每當我采訪中國領導人的時候,我都感到他們準備充分、應答自如、知識淵博、富有遠見,對中國在世界舞臺上扮演的角色充滿了自信。中國如此龐大,有這么多的問題需要對付,人民貧富差距如此之大,世界上恐怕再也找不到比管理中國更復雜的工作了。這比當美國總統難得多,盡管兩者有諸多不同之處。

11.5 胡錦濤主席在北京《財富》全球論壇開幕式上的講話(page 125)Distinguished Mr.Richard D.Parsons, Honored guests, Ladies and gentlemen,Good evening!I am very delighted to be with you here to join the opening ceremony of the 2005 FORTUNE Global Forum in Beijing on this beautiful evening.To begin with, I’d like, on behalf of the Chinese government, and also in my own person, to express my sincere welcome to all of you, and congratulations to the forum sponsor, Time Warner Inc.…

Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up program pioneered by Mr.Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China has undergone a profound transformation never seen in the country before.In a short span of 26 years from 1978 to 2004, China’s GDP increased from 147.3 billion US dollars to 1.6494 trillion dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 9.4 percent.Its foreign trade rose from 20.6 billion US dollars to 1.1548 trillion US dollars, averaging an annual growth rate of over 16 percent.China’s foreign exchange reserve increased from 167million US dollars to 609.9 billion US dollars.The number of rural poor has dwindled from some 2.50 million to 26 million.The overall national strength of China has increased remarkably and the texture of life of its people improved steadily.While inheriting and carrying forward their proud past, the 1.3 billion Chinese people are writing a new chapter in history as they march with one mind on the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.We in China have identified the goal for the first 20 years of this century.That is to firmly seize the important window of strategic opportunities to build a moderately prosperous society of higher standards in all round way for the benefit of our over one billion people.By 2020, we will quadruple China’s GDP of 2000 to approximately 4 trillion US dollars with a per capita level of some 3,000 US dollars, and further develop the economy, improve democracy, advance science and education, enrich culture, foster greater social harmony and upgrade the texture of life for the people.…

Ladies and Gentlemen, China and the rest of Asia and the world at large are closely related when it comes to development.A developing China will, as always, generate cooperation opportunities with win-win results for other countries in Asia and the world over.By the end of 2004, China had attracted a total of 52.1 billion US dollars in FDI, approved the establishment in China of more than 500,000 foreign-funded enterprises and created a huge import market of some 560 billion US dollars annually.At present, most countries and regions have enterprises with investments in China, and over 400 firms out of the FORTUNE 500 have invested in China.The number of R&D centers set up by foreign investors in China has exceeded 700.As China becomes more developed, its cooperation with other countries and their corporations of various types is bound to increase in scale.China will keep opening up its market, find new ways of using foreign capital, improve laws and regulations for encouraging and protecting foreign investors, revamp foreign economic management, step up protection of intellectual property rights, and work still harder to help foreign investors and create an even better environment for trade and economic cooperation between China and the rest of the world.Facts have proved that such cooperation serves out mutual interests.We look forward to continued expansion of your investment in China and your still closer economic and technological cooperation with Chinese enterprises.I believe that you will give greater scope to the advantages of your companies and your rich managerial expertise and play a critical role in facilitating international economic and technological cooperation and promoting economic development regionally and globally.Let us join hands and work together to contribute a greater share to world peace and common development.Finally, I wish the 2005 FORTUNE Global Forum in Beijing a complete success.Thank you!48屆世乒賽

Ladies and gentlemen, dear guests, distinguished guests, players, coaches and officials, It is well-known that table tennis is one of the most popular sports in China.In fact, it is the national sports of China.It is only fitting that these championships be held in the country where the sport has the most popularity in the world.The world championships were held 10 years ago in Tianjing.And today they come back to shanghai, the magnificent city that changes day by day.In Tianjin, the events were still team events and individual events.I hope these changes of ITTF;we have only the individual events.I hope these changes and innovations and also our guests and our hosts together will provide one of the best championships in our history.On behalf of the ITTF, I would like to sincerely thank our Chinese friends, the city of shanghai, the Chinese Table Tennis Association and all those involved the organization of the Volkswagen 48th world table tennis championships.Finally, I would like to thank also our sponsors who had provided the financially resource for the success of this championship.Of course, out titled sponsor Volkswagen and our major sponsors: Limber Hair, JCB and Double Happiness.Finally, you, the players, who are the center of attention, standing on the stage tonight in front of us, tomorrow, you would be the focus in the hall.I wish you all the best competition, friendly competition, strong competition.And to you and your coaches and your countries, you will be feel proud by participating here.Win or lose, you are all winners.Thank you very much, Shanghai.女士們,先生們,各位來賓,運動員,教練員,以及官員們,眾所周知,乒乓球是中國最受歡迎的運動之一。事實上,乒乓球在中國享有“國球”的美譽。所以,在中國這樣一個乒乓球最受普及的國度里舉辦這場賽事,實屬眾望所歸。

10年前,世乒賽在天津舉行。現在,它回到了上海—這個日新月異的城市。在天津,世乒賽既有團體賽又有個人賽。但是,經過國際乒聯地諸多改革,在上海,世乒賽只有個人賽事。我希望,通過改革與創新,在主辦方和各位來賓的共同努力下,打造出一場前所未有的視覺盛宴。、在這里,我代表國際乒聯,真誠的感謝中國友人,感謝主辦方上海,感謝中國乒協,感謝全體參與組織48屆大眾世界乒乓球錦標賽的人們。

此外,我還要感謝冠名贊助商大眾汽車公司。感謝主要贊助商利勃海爾,JCB,紅雙喜。感謝他們為這次世乒賽的成功舉辦所做出的貢獻和所給予的支持。

最后,我想對運動員們說,今晚,你們站在舞臺中央,備受矚目。明天,你們將會成為大廳里的焦點。我希望你們賽出風格,賽出友誼,賽出水平。對于你,你的國家以及你的教練,都會因你參與了此次比賽而倍感榮耀。無論輸贏,你們都是贏家。謝謝,上海!

(注:最后關于世乒賽是自己聽寫的自己翻譯的,其余的為教師用書上的答案。大家隨便看看吧。)

第四篇:分享南京理工大學生物化工復習資料的介紹

博廣南理工考研網

分享南京理工大學生物化工復習資料的介紹

南京理工大學生物化工按照研究生教育要“面向現代化、面向世界、面向未來”的要求,培養德智體全面發展的社會主義現代化建設所需要的人才。本專業的碩士學位獲得者要掌握生物化學基本概念和生物反應工程、微生物工程、酶工程、生物分離工程、基因工程等生化工程相關的基礎理論和系統專業知識,掌握本學科的現代實驗技能和計算機技術,熟悉生物工程的研究現狀和發展動態。具備進行生物工程方面的科學研究的能力和良好的科學道德。具有較熟練地閱讀、書寫、翻譯和基本聽說一門外語的能力。能勝任高等學校、科研院所、企事業單位的教學、科研和技術管理工作。南京理工大學生物化工考研復習精編是物理化學專業核心專業基礎課,授課老師權威。本精編內容全面、重點突出,知識結構清晰,涵蓋南京理工大學物理化學專業全部的考研知識點,可幫助考生迅速準確把握重本校該課程的考試重點和出題方向。南京理工大學考研學生以及當地考生多以此資料進行復習。為南京理工大學物理化學專業考研最權威的考研復習資料。本書以南京理工大學物理化學專業本科權威導師授課講義和內部輔導重點講義整理編寫而成,南京理工大學物理化學專業研究生也極力推薦復習精編。2013年南京理工大學生物化工考研招生簡章招生目錄

研究方向 考試科目

[201] 英語一

[817]生物化學 或 復試科目、復試參考書 復試科目: ①物理化學 ②化工原理(以上2選1)

參考書:

物理化學

高等教育出版社

傅獻彩等

化工原理 參考書目、參考教材 817 生物化學《生物化學》(第三版)(2002 年 8 月)高等教育出版社 王鏡巖等814 分析化學 等教育出版社 華東理工大學、四川大學 《儀器分析》(第三版)高01、微生物代謝調控與基[101] 思想政治理論 因工程 化學及分子生物學 02、分子生物醫學、生物[302] 數學二 03、化學、生物傳感器 [814]分析化學 或 04、天然植物藥用成分的[863]有機化學 生理活性 05、生物納米醫學材料 06、生物催化與轉化 07、微生物生理生化及其

應用

08、微生物發酵工程

09、生物活性小分子化學

物的合成與構效

關系

10、生物制藥 《物理化學》(第五版)《分析化學》(第五版)高《化工原理》(第二版)等教育出版社 朱明華編 2009年化工原理習題解(含光盤)國防工業出版863 有機化學社 鐘秦等 同等學力加試科目: ①普通物理

② 復試中未選考的科目

參考書:

普通物理

《普通物理學》(第五版)

高等教育出版社 程守洙

《物理學》(第四版)高

等教育出版社 馬文蔚 《有機化學》(第四版)高等教育出版社 高鴻賓

由該目錄可以分析出,對于2014年物理化學的復習資料可以包括:《2014南京理工大學863有機化學考研復習精編》、《2014南京理工大學分析化學考研復習精編》這兩本,那么具體的資料就要到博廣南理工考研網咨詢了。

第五篇:成都體育學院 雙學位復習資料整理

1.《詩經·秦風·蒹葭》

原文:蒹葭蒼蒼,白露為霜。所謂伊人,在水一方。

溯洄從之,道阻且長。溯游從之,宛在水中央。蒹葭萋萋,白露未晞。所謂伊人,在水之湄。

溯洄從之,道阻且躋。溯游從之,宛在水中坻(chí)。蒹葭采采,白露未已。所謂伊人,在水之涘(sì)。溯洄從之,道阻且右。溯游從之,宛在水中沚(zhǐ)。

(1)《國風·秦風·蒹葭》是《詩經》中的一篇。此詩曾被認為是用來譏刺秦襄公不能用周禮來鞏固他的國家,或惋惜招引隱居的賢士而不可得;現在一般認為這是一首情歌,寫追求所愛而不及的惆悵與苦悶。(2)《詩經》是中國第一部詩歌總集,共收入自西周初年至春秋中葉大約五百多年的詩歌,編成于春秋戰國時代,收錄詩歌共305篇,據說是由孔子,本只稱《詩》,后被儒家奉為經典之一,故稱《詩經》。是中國古典文學現實主義傳統(韻文)的源頭,是中國詩史的起點。(3)詩經“六義”指的是儒、風、雅、頌、賦、比、興。

《詩經》共分風,雅,頌三大部分。

《詩經》以四言為主。結構上多采用重章疊句的形式,以反復吟唱言為主。

2.《九歌·國殤》-屈原

原文:操吳戈兮被(pī)(披)犀甲,車錯轂(gǔ)兮短兵接。旌蔽日兮敵若云,矢交墜兮士爭先。

凌余陣兮躐(liè)余行,左驂(cān)殪(yì)兮右刃傷。霾兩輪兮縶(zhí)四馬,援玉枹(fú)兮擊鳴鼓。天時墜(懟(duì))兮威靈怒,嚴殺盡兮棄原野。出不入兮往不反,平原忽兮路超遠。帶長劍兮挾秦弓,首身離兮心不懲。誠既勇兮又以武,終剛強兮不可凌。

身既死兮神以靈,子魂魄(魂魄毅)兮為鬼雄!

(1)《九歌》是一組祭歌,共11篇,是楚國詩人屈原據民間祭神樂歌的再創作,追悼了楚國的陣 亡士卒。歌頌了楚國將士的英雄氣概和愛國精神,對雪洗國恥寄予熱望,抒發了作者熱愛祖國的高尚感情。(2)代表作有《離騷》、《九章》、《九歌》等。其詩抒發了熾熱的愛國主義思想感情,體現了他對理想的不懈追求和為此九死不悔的精神。他在吸收民間文學藝術營養的基礎上,創造出騷體這一新形式,富有積極浪漫主義精神。

3.《道德經》-老子

必背重點:1.上善若水,水善利萬物而不爭。

【譯】最善良的品行如同水一樣,水是天地間善的極致,給萬物提供滋養,而自己卻安居其下而不與之爭。2.信不足焉,有不信焉。

【譯】誠信不足,就會失去信任。3.大方無隅,大器晚成,大音希聲,大象無形。

【譯】最方正的東西卻看不到它的棱角,越貴重的器具做成的越慢,最大的聲音聽不到聲音,最大的形象沒有形跡。

4.天下難事,必作于易;天下大事,必作于細。

【譯】天下的難事,必定發生于容易,天下的大事,必定起于細微。5.合抱之木,生于毫末;九層之臺,起于累土;千里之行,始于足下。

【譯】合抱的大樹,是從幼芽發起;九層的高臺,是用一筐筐土積累的;千里遠行,也是從腳下一步步走出來的。6.我有三寶,持而保之:一曰慈,二曰儉,三曰不敢為天下先

【譯】我有三件寶物永不放棄:一是慈愛,二是節儉,三是不逞強好勝。7.圣人自知不自見,自愛不自貴。

【譯】圣人有自知之明而從不自我表現,有自愛之心從不自顯 尊貴。8.信言不美,美言不信;善者不辯,辯者不善;知者不博,博者不知。

【譯】誠實的語言不華美,華美的語言不誠實;善良的人不會花言巧語,花言巧語的人不善良;大智的人不雜博,雜博的人不智慧。

9.生而不有,為而不恃,功成而弗居。

【譯】孕育萬物而不據為已有,為萬物盡力而不自恃己勞,大功告成而不居功自傲。10.道,可道,非常道。名,可名,非常名。無名天地之始。有名萬物之母。

(1)《道德經》是春秋時期老子(李耳)的作品?!兜赖陆洝繁蛔u為萬經之王,《道德經》是除了《圣經》以外被譯成外國文字發布量最多的文化名著。

(2)《道德經》主要論述“道”與“德”?!暗馈辈粌H是宇宙之道、自然之道,也是個體修行即修道的方法;“德”不是通常以為的道德或德行,而是修道者所應必備的特殊的世界觀、方法論以及為人處世之方法。老子的本意,是要教給人修道的方法,德是基礎,道是德的升華。

(3)《道德經》,又稱《道德真經》、《老子》、《五千言》、《老子五千文》,是中國古代先秦諸子分家前的一部著作,為其時諸子所共仰,是道家哲學思想的重要來源。道德經分上下兩篇,原文上篇《德經》、下篇《道經》

(4)《道德經》主題思想:道法自然。老子認為,天地萬物的始基與母源在于“道”,由道開始,“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生萬物”。

4、《公孫丑上》-孟子

(1)《公孫丑上》是孟子所著作品《孟子》中的一篇。孟子,名軻,字子輿。戰國時期偉大的思想家、政治家、文學家、散文家,民主思想的先驅。儒家的主要代表之一,是儒家的思想主義流派,被后世尊稱為亞圣。其弟子將孟子的言行記錄成《孟子》一書,屬語錄體散文集。他提倡仁政,提出“民貴君輕”的民本思想。最后他退居講學,和他的學生一起,“序《詩》、《書》,述仲尼之意,作《孟子》七篇”,《梁惠王》;《公孫丑》;《滕文公》;《離婁》;《萬章》;《告子》;《盡心》(七篇都分上、下)。(2)南宋時朱熹將《孟子》與《論語》、《大學》、《中庸》合在一起稱“四書”

(3)人物典故: 孟母三遷、殺豚不欺子、孟子少時誦、始作俑者、五十步笑百步、一曝十寒(4)熟知成語:揠yà苗助長

【寓意】客觀事物的發展自有它的規律,純靠良好的愿望和熱情是不夠的,很可能效果還會與主觀愿望相反。這一寓言還告知一具體道理:“欲速則不達”。(5)孟子“心性論”學說的要點:

①性善與四端——道德價值的根源:善是人的基本自覺,這種自覺是表現于惻隱,羞惡,辭讓及是非四端。“四端”說明道德價值的自覺,是與生俱來的。

②義利之辨——道德價值的論證:孟子認為“四端”是內在于自覺心的,屬于人的“本質”,即所謂人的“性”。人之性, 必有異于禽獸之處,這種“異于禽獸”的性, 便是“善端”。他指出,人之所以不善, 是由于受私欲蒙蔽。因此,人應放棄私利,建立良好的個人道德觀。

③養氣與成德:孟子提出必須靠修養及發揮善性的功夫, 以全力擴充存于內心的“四端”,孟子稱之為“盡性”?!氨M性”的修養,培養出浩然之氣,使人成為“富貴不能淫,貧賤不能移,威武不能屈”的“大丈夫”,再以“心志統氣”,控制自己的情感,便能成德。

④道德天:孟子認為現實世界是道德的世界,而道德根源背后的標準,便是“天”,“天”表現于人,便是“性”。人若能有足夠修養,便能知天,達到“天人合一”。5.《沉默的大多數》-王小波

(2)《沉默的大多數》主要講述了作者在該作品中傾注了其對中國民眾命運的關注,以反諷和幽默的手法直面生活,從一個輕松的角度來解析身邊復雜的事態。

(2)王小波,當代著名學者、作家。其作品別具一格,深具批判精神。處女作是《地久天長》。代表小說集有《黃金時代》、《白銀時代》、《青銅時代》(這被三部作品被稱為“時代三部曲”)、《黑鐵時代》、《一只特立獨行的豬》,雜文集有《思維的樂趣》、《我的精神家園》、《沉默的大多數》、《理想國與哲人王》等。被譽為中國的喬伊斯兼卡夫卡。他的唯一部電影劇本《東宮西宮》。

6.體育散文《魚是我們的敵人,也是我們的知心朋友》-萬伯翱

7.《紀昌學射》-列子

(1)《紀昌學射》是一則寓言故事,故事中人物個性鮮明,好學的紀昌在名師飛衛的指導下,經過堅持不懈的努力,終于成為射箭高手。通過這則寓言表達了在良師的引導下,要刻苦學習,有恒心,毅力,終能實現自己的夢想。

(2)寓意:一是要能吃苦,持之以恒才會成功。二是大本領往往要從小處練起。三是要嚴格遵守老師的教誨,踏踏實實。

啟示:要練成一身真功夫,需要克服無數困難,付出無數心血和努力。

(3)《列子》只剩八篇,相傳是戰國時背景列御寇(又名列寇)所撰,戰國早期,著名的思想家和寓言文學家。

8.《斷魂槍》-老舍

(1)《斷魂槍》是1935年老舍創作的一部小說,該小說以其生于憂患、死于憂患的個性氣質,及其頑強的承擔命運的精神,通過沙子龍這樣一個藝術形象,來反映清朝末年,辛亥革命前夕中國的社會風貌。(2)人物形象:沙子龍:最早從“東方大夢”中清醒過來的人,他清楚的認識到“今天是火車、快槍,通商與恐怖”,他引以為豪的武藝已經成了明日黃花,那個曾經屬于“他的世界已被狂風吹了走”。于是他及時把鏢局改成了客棧,連他的武藝,包括他自創的絕技“五虎斷魂槍”,也棄之一旁,甚至舊日鏢局里的徒弟前來求教,他也不肯指點傳授。但在心里,他仍然沒有放下他的“斷魂槍”,每到夜深人靜之時,他還會“獨自拿起槍來”,“摸摸這涼、滑、硬而發顫的桿子”。情感和理性的矛盾使得沙子龍的身上充滿了一種末路英雄的悲劇色彩。

孫長者:他在賣藝場上顯露的身手,以及他給沙子龍的表演,明顯是位武林名家。他那深藏不露的性格和沙子龍頗為接近。他執著堅韌,為學習傳統的武林絕技而風塵仆仆地奔走江湖。從某種意義上說,他是另一個大夢未醒的或者本該醒來卻不愿意醒的沙子龍。但他悲壯的努力注定是無果的。(3)《斷魂槍》一書包括了《離婚》、《斷魂槍》、《柳家大院》、《月牙兒》、《陽光》五部小說。

(4)老舍,原名舒慶春,字舍予。中國現代小說家、著名作家,杰出的語言大師、人民藝術家,新中國第一位獲得“人民藝術家”稱號的作家。代表作有《駱駝祥子》、《四世同堂》(包含《惶惑》、《偷生》、《饑荒》三部長篇)、話劇有《茶館》《龍須溝》等。

9.《春江花月夜》-張若虛(唐)

春江潮水連海平,海上明月共潮生。滟滟隨波千萬里,何處春江無月明!江流宛轉繞芳甸,月照花林皆似霰;空里流霜不覺飛,汀上白沙看不見。江天一色無纖塵,皎皎空中孤月輪。

江畔何人初見月?江月何年初照人? 人生代代無窮已,江月年年只相似。不知江月待何人,但見長江送流水。白云一片去悠悠,青楓浦上不勝愁。誰家今夜扁舟子?何處相思明月樓? 可憐樓上月徘徊,應照離人妝鏡臺。玉戶簾中卷不去,搗衣砧上拂還來。此時相望不相聞,愿逐月華流照君。鴻雁長飛光不度,魚龍潛躍水成文。

昨夜閑潭夢落花,可憐春半不還家。江水流春去欲盡,江潭落月復西斜。斜月沉沉藏海霧,碣石瀟湘無限路。不知乘月幾人歸,落月搖情滿江樹(1)《春江花月夜》是唐代詩人張若虛的作品。共三十六句,每四句一換韻,以富有生活氣息的清麗之筆,創造性地再現了江南春夜的景色,如同月光照耀下的萬里長江畫卷,同時寄寓著游子思歸的離別相思之苦。詩篇意境空明,纏綿悱惻,洗凈了六朝宮體的濃脂膩粉,詞清語麗,韻調優美,膾炙人口,乃千古絕唱,素有“孤篇蓋全唐”之譽。

(2)《春江花月夜》的章法結構,以整齊為基調,以錯雜顯變化。在句式上,大量使用排比句、對偶句和流水對。全詩緊扣春、江、花、月、夜的背景來寫,而又以月為主體。“月”是詩中情景兼融之物,在一夜之間經歷了升起——高懸——西斜——落下的過程。在月的照耀下,江水、沙灘、天空、原野、楓樹、花林、飛霜、白沙、扁舟、高樓、鏡臺、砧石、長飛的鴻雁、潛躍的魚龍,不眠的思婦以及漂泊的游子,組成了完整的詩歌形象,展現出一幅充滿人生哲理與生活情趣的畫卷。

(3)張若虛,與賀知章、張旭、包融并稱“吳中四士”,文詞俊秀。存詩僅2首,《春江花月夜》奠定了他在唐詩史上的地位;另一首詩是《代答閨夢還》。其詩描寫細膩,音節和諧,清麗開宕,富有情韻,在初唐詩風的轉變中有重要地位。但受六朝柔靡詩風影響,常露人生無常之感。

10.《長恨歌》-白居易

經典名句:

天生麗質難自棄,一朝選在君王側?;仨恍Π倜纳?,六宮粉黛無顏色。后宮佳麗三千人,三千寵愛在一身。漁陽鼙鼓動地來,驚破霓裳羽衣曲。玉容寂寞淚闌干,梨花一枝春帶雨。

(1)《長恨歌》是唐代詩人白居易的一首長篇敘事詩。全詩形象地敘述了唐玄宗與楊貴妃在安史之亂中的愛情悲劇。詩人借歷史人物和傳說,創造了一個回旋宛轉的動人故事,并通過塑造的藝術形象,再現了現實生活的真實,感染了千百年來的讀者,詩的主題是“長恨”。這篇詩是祖國古典詩歌中抒情詩與敘事詩密切結合的典范之一。

(2)白居易,字樂天,號香山居士,唐代偉大的現實主義詩人,唐代三大詩人之一。元稹共同倡導新樂府運動,世稱“元白”,與劉禹錫并稱“劉白”。白居易有“詩魔”和“詩王”之稱。有《白氏長慶集》傳世,代表詩作有《長恨歌》、《賣炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。

(3)題材集中是白居易諷喻詩的藝術特色之一。他一般只選擇最典型的一件事,突出一個主題,“一吟悲一事”,主題非常明確。閑適詩和諷喻詩是白居易特別看重的兩類詩作。其作品語言優美、通俗、音調和諧,形象鮮明、政治諷喻。

釵留一股合一扇,釵擘黃金合分鈿。七月七日長生殿,夜半無人私語時。在天愿作比翼鳥,在地愿為連理枝。天長地久有時盡,此恨綿綿無絕期。11.《無題》-李商隱

(一)相見時難別亦難,東風無力百花殘。春蠶到死絲方盡,蠟炬成灰淚始干。曉鏡但愁云鬢改,夜吟應覺月光寒。蓬山此去無多路,青鳥殷勤為探看。

(二)來是空言去絕蹤,月斜樓上五更鐘。夢為遠別啼難喚,書被催成墨未濃。蠟照半籠金翡翠,麝薰微度繡芙蓉。劉郎已恨蓬山遠,更隔蓬山一萬重!

(三)昨夜星辰昨夜風,畫樓西畔桂堂東。身無彩鳳雙飛翼,心有靈犀一點通。隔座送鉤春酒暖,分曹射覆蠟燈紅。嗟余聽鼓應官去,走馬蘭臺類轉蓬。

(五)重幃深下莫愁堂,臥后清宵細細長。神女生涯原是夢,小姑居處本無郎。**不信菱枝弱,月露誰教桂葉香。直道相思了無益,未妨惆悵是清狂。

(四)颯颯東風細雨來,芙蓉塘外有輕雷。金蟾嚙鎖燒香入,玉虎牽絲汲井回。賈氏窺簾韓掾少,宓妃留枕魏王才。春心莫共花爭發,一寸相思一寸灰!

李商隱,晚唐著名詩人。和杜牧合稱“小李杜”,與溫庭筠合稱為“溫李”,與李賀、李白合稱“三李” 商隱的詠史詩有很高的成就。著眼于借鑒歷史的經驗教訓來指陳政事、譏評時世加以補充發揮,使詠史成為政治詩的一種特殊形式。無題詩是李商隱獨具一格的創造。大多以男女愛情相思為題材。李商隱以無題為名的愛情詩具有“朦朧”的特點。

李商隱詩歌成就最高的是近體詩,尤其是七言律絕。代表作:①政治詠史詩:如《韓碑》、《行次西郊作一百韻》、《隨師東》、《有感二首》、《富平少侯》、《北齊二首》、《茂陵》、《重有感》、《詠史》、《馬嵬二首》、《賈生》、《瑤池》等。②愛情無題詩:《夜雨寄北》、《正月崇讓宅》、《悼傷后赴東蜀辟至散關遇雪》、《錦瑟》、《燕臺詩》、《碧城三首》、《重過圣女祠》等。

愛情無題詩:

夜雨寄北(唐·李商隱)君問歸期未有期,巴山夜雨漲秋池。何當共剪西窗燭,卻話巴山夜雨時。

錦瑟

錦瑟無端五十弦,一弦一柱思華年。莊生曉夢迷蝴蝶,望帝春心托杜鵑。滄海月明珠有淚,藍田日暖玉生煙。此情可待成追憶,只是當時已惘然

12.《狂人日記》-魯迅

(1)作品簡介:小說通過一個被迫害者“狂人”的形象以及“狂人”的自述的描寫,揭示了封建禮教的“吃人”本質,表現了作者對以封建禮教為主體內涵的中國封建文化的反抗;也表現了作者深刻的懺悔意識。作者以徹底的“革命民主主義”的立場對中國的文化進行了深刻的反思,同時對中國的甚至是人類的前途表達了深廣的憂憤。

(2)人物介紹:狂人是一個患有迫害狂恐懼癥的人,是魯迅塑造的一個典型的思想啟蒙者形象。小說中,狂人異乎常人的思想行為特征導致了他在生活環境中受到排擠、敵視,被認為“有病”??袢说墓之愌孕惺菑氐锥兇獾摹?袢嗽谌沼浿兴鶖⑹龅沫h境缺乏寫實性,卻一語道破幾千年中國封建社會“吃人”的社會本質。

(3)語言特點:運用白話

創作方法:采用現實主義的方法。

表現手法:1.借實行虛,以虛證實。2.獨特的心理描寫。3.采用了一些諸如象征、暗示、變態心理描繪等現代主義手段。4.作品還采用了對照的手法。

敘述角度:《狂人日記》是日記體小說,日記體采用第一人稱作為行文的角度。象征意義:“吃人”:封建主義禮教。

(4)《狂人日記》是魯迅創作的第一個短篇白話日記體小說,也是中國第一部現代白話文小說,奠定了中國現代小說(文學)創作的基礎。該文首發于1918年的《新青年》月刊,后收入《吶喊》集。(5)魯迅,原名周樟壽,后改名周樹人 “魯迅”是他發表《狂人日記》時所用的筆名,也是他影響最為廣泛的筆名,浙江紹興人。著名文學家、思想家,五四新文化運動的重要參與者,中國現代文學的奠基人。代表作:小說集《吶喊》、《彷徨》、《故事新編》

散文文章:《從百草園到三味書屋》、《阿長與山海經》 散文詩合集:《野草》

散文集:《朝花夕拾》

雜文合集:《熱風》、《且介亭雜文》 小說文章:《故鄉》、《在酒樓上》、《孔乙己》、《祝?!?、《孤獨者》

雜文文章:《記念劉和珍君》

13.《激流三部曲》-巴金

(1)《激流三部曲》包括《家》、《春》、《秋》,其中《家》是巴金文學道路上樹起的第一塊豐碑,堪稱中國現代文學史上最優秀的現實主義杰作之一?!都ち魅壳凡粌H展現了封建家庭內部的罪惡和腐敗、傾軋和迫害,還著力表現了青年一代在“五四”新思潮影響下的覺醒和對封建勢力的不妥協斗爭,滿懷激情地歌頌了他們叛逆封建家庭、封建制度的革命行動。是巴金呼吁自由、民主、尊重人格、人性解放的最鮮明的一面旗幟。

(2)內容概述:《激流三部曲》以成都為背景,描寫了1919年至1924年中國歷史處在轉折時期這一風起云涌的動蕩時代中,封建大家庭高家四代人的生活。記述了一個封建大家庭走向分化與衰落,以及青年一代沖破封建宗法束縛,走向新生活的過程,描繪出封建宗法制度的崩潰和革命潮流在青年一代中掀起的改變舊生活的偉大力量。

(3)《愛情三部曲》包括《霧》《雨》《電》。

(4)巴金原名李堯棠,另有筆名有佩竿、極樂、黑浪、春風等,字芾甘。四川成都人,祖籍浙江嘉興。中國作家、翻譯家、社會活動家、無黨派愛國民主人士。1904年11月生在四川成都一個封建官僚家庭里,五四運動后,巴金深受新潮思想的影響,并在這種思想的影響下開始了他個人的反封建斗爭。巴金在文革后撰寫的《隨想錄》,內容樸實、感情真摯,充滿著作者的懺悔和自省,巴金因此被譽為“二十世紀中國文學的良心”。

(5)個人作品:①中長篇小說:《滅亡》、《激流三部曲》(《家》《春》《秋》)《愛情三部曲》(《霧》《雨》《電》)《憩園》《第四病室》《火三部曲》《春天里的秋天》《寒夜》 ②短篇小說集:《復仇集》《沉默集》

③散文合集:《靜夜的悲劇》《納粹殺人工廠——奧斯威辛》《生活在英雄們的中間》《保衛和平的人們》《一場挽救生命的戰斗》《友誼集》《隨想錄》

④理論譯作:《面包與自由》《西班牙的血》《西班牙的黎明》《西班牙的曙光》《西班牙的日記》《巴塞羅那的五月事變》

(6)巴金所創作的小說有兩大主題:

一是探索青年人追求理想和信仰的道路,代表作有《新生》、愛情三部曲《霧》《雨》《電》等; 二是揭露封建家庭制度的弊害,以影射社會專制制度的罪惡,代表作有《春天里的秋天》、激流三部曲《家》《春》《秋》,熱烈、真誠,文字帶有強烈的感情色彩,產生了重大的社會影響。

14.《槳聲燈影里的秦淮河》-朱自清

(1)這篇文章記敘的是夏夜泛舟秦淮河的見聞感受。作者在描繪秦淮河的景色時,將自然景色、歷史影象、真實情感融會起來,洋溢著一股真摯深沉而又細膩的感情,給人以眷戀思慕、追懷的感受,使讀者真切地感受到作者的思想感情。這篇文章體現了朱自清散文慎密、細致的特色。也標志著“五四”散文創作所達到的藝術成就。

美學特征:語言美、比較美、意境美、真情美、哀愁美

(2)朱自清(原名自華,號秋實,后改名自清,字佩弦。原籍浙江紹興,現代杰出的散文家、詩人、學者、民主戰士。朱自清被公認為新文學運動中成績卓著的優秀散文作家。(3)個人作品:①散文:《背影》《荷塘月色》《槳聲燈影里的秦淮河》 ②詩歌:《光明》《新年》《煤》《送韓伯畫往俄國》《群羊》《小艙中的現代》等或熱切地追求光明,憧憬未來,或有力地抨擊黑暗的世界,揭露血淚的人生,洋溢著反帝反封建的革命精神。

15.《再別康橋》-徐志摩

輕輕的我走了,正如我輕輕的來; 我輕輕的招手,作別西天的云彩。那河畔的金柳,是夕陽中的新娘; 波光里的艷影,在我的心頭蕩漾。軟泥上的青荇,油油的在水底招搖;

在康河的柔波里,我甘心做一條水草!那榆蔭下的一潭,不是清泉,是天上虹; 揉碎在浮藻間,沉淀著彩虹似的夢。尋夢?撐一支長篙,向青草更青處漫溯; 滿載一船星輝,在星輝斑斕里放歌。

但我不能放歌,悄悄是別離的笙簫; 夏蟲也為我沉默,沉默是今晚的康橋!悄悄的我走了,正如我悄悄的來; 我揮一揮衣袖,不帶走一片云彩

(1)《再別康橋》是一首寫景的抒情詩,抒發的情感有三:留戀之情,惜別之情和理想幻滅后的感傷之情。

“輕輕的我走了??作別西天的云彩為整首詩定下了一個基調。

“那河畔??頭蕩漾。”寫了康河的美,柳樹在古詩里有“留”之意,有惜別的含義。且運用比擬(擬人、擬物)。

“軟泥上??一條水草。突出了康河的明靜和自由自在的狀況,自由、美正是徐志摩所追求的?!澳怯苁a??彩虹似的夢。”運用了虛實結合的手法,“實”是景物的描寫,“虛”是象征手法的運用?!安皇乔迦?,是天上虹”,一片紅光,是實寫。這個“揉”寫的很好,同時也是自己夢想的破滅。

“尋夢?撐一支長篙??斑斕里放歌。”是徐志摩對往昔生活的回憶、留戀。用“一船星輝”比喻那時的生活有象征的意味。

“悄悄是??今晚的康橋。”表現了徐志摩對康橋的情感,集中表現了離別的惆悵。一再重復“沉默”“悄悄”“輕輕”是強調重點。

“悄悄的??片云彩?!薄霸撇省庇邢笳饕馕叮賱e康橋不是和他母校告別,而是和給他一生帶來最大變化的康橋文化的告別,是再別康橋理想。

(2)《再別康橋》這首詩充分體現了新月詩派的“三美”,即繪畫美、建筑美、音樂美。詩人似乎有意把格律詩與自由詩二者的形式糅合起來。

(3)徐志摩,現代詩人、散文家。原名章垿,字槱森,留學英國時改名志摩。曾經用過多個筆名:是新月派代表詩人。其中著名詩歌:《再別康橋》《翡冷翠的一夜》《沙揚娜拉》《雪花的快樂》《偶然》《我不知道風是在哪一個方向吹》等

16.《我與地壇》—史鐵生

(1)《我與地壇》是史鐵生寫的散文集。該書分為三部分,第一部分寫自己在地壇中得到的生命啟迪和人生的感悟;第二部分寫自己對母親的后悔和無盡的思念;第三部分寫自己與地壇不可分割的情感。

作者是在雙腿殘疾的沉重打擊下,忽然間幾乎什么都找不到了的時候,“走”進地壇的,從此以后與地壇結下了不解之緣,直到寫這篇散文時的15年間,“就再沒有長久地離開過它”。在《我與地壇》一文中,作者寫了在古園中的見聞和所遇到的人與事,述說了自己的所思所想,而其中更多的還是抒發自己對于命運和生死問題的感悟。

(2)史鐵生,中國作家、散文家。著有①中短篇小說集《我的遙遠的清平灣》、《禮拜日》、《命若琴弦》、《往事》等;②散文隨筆集《自言自語》、《我與地壇》、《病隙碎筆》等;③長篇小說《務虛筆記》以及《史鐵生作品集》。史鐵生的《病隙碎筆》(之六)獲首屆“老舍散文獎”一等獎。

17.《生命中不能承受之輕》-米蘭昆德拉

(1)小說描寫了托馬斯與特麗莎、薩麗娜之間的感情生活。但它不是一個男人和兩個女人的三角性愛故事,它是一部哲理小說,小說從“永恒輪回”的討論開始,把讀者帶入了對一系列問題的思考中,比如輕與重、靈與肉。

(2)米蘭·昆德拉,出生于捷克斯洛伐克布爾諾。上世紀80年代,“生活在別處”、“生命中不能承受之輕”、“媚俗”一度成為流行語。有①長篇小說《玩笑》、《生活在別處》、《告別圓舞曲》、《笑忘錄》、《不能承受的生命之輕》和《不朽》,以及②短篇小說集《好笑的愛》。最新出版了長篇小說《慢》、《身份》和《無知》及③隨筆集《小說的藝術》和《被背叛的遺囑》。④戲劇代表作《雅克和他的主人》

(3)作品特點:主要思想:愛、死、喜、悲。米蘭·昆德拉對上述每一種主題都進行了極為深刻的探索。敘述手法:一般用第一和第三人稱敘述,偶有第二人稱語式的敘述。“復調式”小說。

(4)作品主題:

1、自媚。自媚是對無價值存在的完全否定,它不是庸俗,也不是意圖取悅大眾。自媚更準確的意義是“矯情”,隨時要賦予自己的情緒以正當合法性。哭不是因為悲慟,是為了應當表達悲慟;笑不是因為快樂,是為了應該感到快樂,這是人類究極無聊的一種表現。

2、古典音樂。昆德拉喜歡用一種譜曲的方式寫作小說,為了將哲學、敘事和理想譜進同一支曲,講求內容和主題之間的旋律配合。

3、心理現實主義。

18.莫言作品常識

莫言,第一個獲得諾貝爾文學獎的中國籍作家。他以一系列鄉土作品崛起,充滿著“懷鄉”以及“怨鄉”的復雜情感,被歸類為“尋根文學”作家。其《紅高粱》入選 “20世紀中文小說100強”?!短聪阈獭啡比雵┒芪膶W獎初選。2011年莫言榮獲茅盾文學獎。2012年莫言獲得諾貝爾文學獎。

莫言的中篇小說《幽默與趣味》經常被拿來與《變形記》作比較。他的《小說九段》也被認為是卡夫卡式的荒誕寓言。

長篇小說:《紅高粱家族》《豐乳肥臀》《檀香刑》《蛙》《生死疲勞》《四十一炮》《酒國》等 中篇小說《?!贰都t蝗》《幽默與趣味》《師傅越來越幽默》 短篇小說集:《白狗秋千架》《與大師約會》

創作特色:莫言在自己的小說里大量運用了意識流的手法,包括內心獨白、多視角敘事、慢鏡頭描寫、意象比喻、自由聯想等。

19.古希臘悲劇常識

古希臘三大悲劇詩人、作家:

埃斯庫羅斯

“悲劇之父”

代表作:《被縛的普羅米修斯》、《阿迦門農》、《復仇女神》、《善好者》 索??死账?/p>

“戲劇藝術的荷馬”

代表作:《安提戈涅》、《俄底浦斯王》 歐里庇得斯

“心理戲劇的鼻祖”

代表作:《美狄亞》、《特洛伊婦女》

20.莎士比亞悲劇常識

莎士比亞四大悲?。骸豆防滋亍?、《李爾王》、《麥克白》、《奧瑟羅》 莎士比亞四大悲劇人物性格:

《哈姆雷特》:憂郁與延宕

《李爾王》:剛愎與愚蠢 《奧瑟羅》:輕信與嫉妒

《麥克白》:野心與貪婪

21.結合《外國文學作品》和《文化傳播》整理的資料復習

下載南京理工大學英語雙學位口譯復習資料[模版]word格式文檔
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