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詞匯辨析

時(shí)間:2019-05-15 09:03:09下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《詞匯辨析》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《詞匯辨析》。

第一篇:詞匯辨析

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詞匯辨析

(五)up to date,update,to date

這三個(gè)詞看來相似,也有關(guān)連,但涵義及用法截然不同。

Up to date(或 up-to-date)是形容詞,可作定語或表語,解作“新式的”、“現(xiàn)代的”、“到目前為止最新的(latest)”。例:

On the outskirts of the city,we saw many up-to-date bungalows. 在市郊,我們看到很多新型的平房。Bring the ledger up to date. 把最新近的賬目記在賬本上。

The exhibition featured many most up-to-date inventions. 展覽會(huì)的特色是眾多的最新發(fā)明品。

Up to date也可用作解“獲最新資訊”,如: I'll keep you up to date with any news. 我有最新消息就讓你知道。

I am very up to date in terms of economic trends. 我對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢(shì)的認(rèn)識(shí)絕不落伍。

Update一般作動(dòng)詞用,也可用作名詞,意為“更新”、“使跟上最新近的發(fā)展”,相當(dāng)于to bring…up to date,如: His job is to update the ledgers. 他的工作是更新賬簿上的賬目。

The radio broadcasts news updates every hour. 電臺(tái)每小時(shí)播出最新新聞。

To date是狀語,意為“直至目前為止”(up to the present moment)。用法如下:

Only two have handed in their application forms to date. 到目前為止,只有兩個(gè)人交來了申請(qǐng)表格。

To date,the government has spent billions of dollars on the project. 至現(xiàn)時(shí),政府已為該項(xiàng)工程花費(fèi)了數(shù)十億元。

值得留意的是:因?yàn)閠o date是指從以往到現(xiàn)今的一段時(shí)間,主句的動(dòng)詞要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。

wood與woods

Wood的使用范圍較廣,它可以表示“木”、“木材”、“樹木”、“樹林”等義;而woods一般只作“樹林”解。好讀書教育

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在表示“木料”、“木材”之意時(shí),wood是物質(zhì)名詞,前面不能加a,wood也不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例:

All the furniture here is made of wood. 這里所有的家具都是木制的。The wood is rotting. 木頭在腐爛。

The woodcutter collected two bundles of wood. 樵夫收集了兩捆木柴。

此外,wood解作“木料”時(shí)可作形容詞,指“與木材有關(guān)的”或“木制的”;例: This is a wood plane. 這是把刨木用的刨。

This is a wood/wooden chair. 這是把木造的椅。

表示“樹林”之意時(shí),英國人用a wood,而美國人(特別是在口語中)則用a woods。與woods搭配的動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)形式,亦可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。There is a wood(s)near the house. 房子附近有片樹林。

I'm fond of strolling in the wood. 我喜歡在樹林里散步。

We came upon a clearing in the woods. 我們?cè)跇淞掷镆姷揭黄盏亍?/p>

在英語中,wood(s)的成語用法不少,常見的有: cannot see the wood for the trees 見樹不見林(即:因過于瑣細(xì)反而不能顧及大體)dead wood 廢物、冗員

out of the wood(s)脫離險(xiǎn)境(或困難)touch wood 用手觸摸木頭(自夸幸運(yùn)之后的迷信動(dòng)作)take to the woods 逃入樹林(即:躲避責(zé)任)

take a chair與take the chair

這兩個(gè)片語的意思并不相同。

Take a chair的意思是“坐下”、“坐在椅上”;chair 之前用不定冠詞。例: Please take a chair.

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請(qǐng)坐。

Won't you take a chair?

為什么不坐啊?

Take the chair的意思是“開會(huì)”或“主持會(huì)議”。chair之前用定冠詞。例: Who will take the chair today? 今日誰主持會(huì)議?

Mr.Li takes the chair today.??? 今日是李先生當(dāng)主席。

另外,hold the chair卻表示擔(dān)任教授一職,例如She holds the chair of chemistry in the university。

值得我們注意的是,在英語中,許多片語由于用了不同的冠詞而表示大不相同的涵義。例如:

within an hour 在一小時(shí)內(nèi)(即在六十分鐘之內(nèi))

within the hour 在這一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)(如某人在四點(diǎn)三刻說這句話,意思就是指在五點(diǎn)之前,而不是指四點(diǎn)三刻到五點(diǎn)三刻)

for the moment 目前;當(dāng)這個(gè)時(shí)候(= at the moment)for a moment 片刻;一會(huì)兒 in the family way 懷孕;有喜

in a family way 不拘禮節(jié)(注意,在美國,in a family way)亦可以作“懷孕”解

not all,not any,not both,not either

這四個(gè)片語在涵義上各不相同。

not all的意思是“非全體”,相當(dāng)于only some;not any的意思是“全不”,相當(dāng)于none;not both作“僅一個(gè)”解,相當(dāng)于only one;not either作“兩個(gè)都個(gè)”解,相當(dāng)于neither. 請(qǐng)對(duì)比下列各句:

I do not know all of them.

我僅認(rèn)識(shí)他們之中的幾個(gè)人(或一部分人)。I do not know any of them. 這些人我一個(gè)都不認(rèn)識(shí)。

I do not know both of them. 在這兩個(gè)人中,我只認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)。I do not know either of them. 這兩個(gè)人我一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識(shí)。上面四個(gè)句子亦可改寫為: I know some of them.

I know none of them.

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I know only one of them. I know neither of them.

值得注意的是,not all指“并不是所有的…都…”,not both指“并不是兩個(gè)…都…”。在英語中,它們稱為“部分否定”(partial negation)。另有一些英語副詞和not 搭配使用時(shí),也是表示類似的涵義。例: not always=sometimes not everywhere = somewhere not entirely=somewhat not wholly=in some degree/to some extent

of age,of an age,of the age

這三個(gè)片語的意義各不相同。

Of age是“成年”,其對(duì)語是under age“未成年”。例:

You are of age now.

你現(xiàn)在是成年人了。

In some countries boys come of age at sixteen. 在某些國家,男孩是十六歲成年。

Of an age是“同年”或“到了…年齡”。例: John and I are of an age. 約翰和我是同年。

Mary,you are of and age to understand such things!瑪麗,你現(xiàn)在這么大,應(yīng)該懂得這種事了!

Of the age是“當(dāng)代的”、“近代的”。例: He is one of the greatest poets of the age. 他是當(dāng)代最偉大的詩人之一。

You must know the spirit of the age. 你必須知道這個(gè)時(shí)代的精神是什么。

順便在此提一句,(for)ages和(for)an age的意義完全相同,都是表示“很久”之意。例:

They kept me waiting for ages(or for an age). 他們叫我等了很長很長的時(shí)間。

It took ages/an age for them to arrive. 他們需要很長很長的時(shí)間才到達(dá)。好讀書教育

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older與elder

這兩個(gè)詞都是形容詞old的比較級(jí),但詞義和用法有所不同。

(一)older專指年齡的大小而言,既可用于一個(gè)家庭成員之間,又可用于非同一家庭成員之間;elder專用于同一個(gè)家庭成員之間的比較,有時(shí)用作轉(zhuǎn)義,指職位、身份較高的人。例:

He is older than his brother. 他比他的兄弟年長。

Mr.Chen is older than I by two years. 陳先生比我大兩年。

Tom is my elder brother. 湯姆是我的哥哥。

My elder brother is twelve years older than I. 我的哥哥比我大十二歲。

You are all elder statesmen. 你們都是政治元老/資深政客。

Tom,you should be humble enough.They are all our elders. 湯姆,你要謙虛些,他們都是我們的長輩。

(二)older只能用作形容詞,常與than連用;elder 既可作形容詞,又可作名詞,它決不能和than連用(例句見上)。

(三)在美國,“哥哥”、“姐姐”有人用older brother 和older sister,而不用elder brother(sister)。

下面是初學(xué)英語的人常犯的錯(cuò)誤: She is the older of the two.(錯(cuò))She is the elder of the two.(對(duì))這兩個(gè)人中,她的年紀(jì)較大。He is my older.(錯(cuò))He is my elder.(對(duì))他的年齡比我大。

請(qǐng)注意,elder只能用來指人,不能指物;older既可以指人的年紀(jì),也可以指物的新舊。例如:

Mary is three years older than Betty. This is the oldest temple in Hong Kong.

Oldest和eldest的區(qū)別與older和elder的區(qū)別相同。

one after another與one after the other

這兩個(gè)詞組的詞義有差異。好讀書教育

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On after another的意思是“先后”或“相繼”,相當(dāng)于in succession 或one by one。例:

Our factory has concluded with many counterparts in the United States,one after another,agreements of cooperation 我們的工廠先后與許多美國工廠訂立了合作協(xié)約。

Many candidates of the New Territories,one after another,stood up and expressed their opinions.

許多新界的候選人一個(gè)接一個(gè)地站起來發(fā)表意見。

One after the other的意思是“交替地”,相當(dāng)于alternately。例:

The college students,one after the other,expressed their opinions in the debate lessons 大學(xué)生在辯論課上輪流發(fā)表意見。

有些英美語法書說:one after another用于三者或三者以上的場合,而one after the other只能用于兩者的場合。其實(shí),實(shí)際情況并非如此。例如,在下例中: A dozen cars came out of the gate,one after another. 十多輛汽車一輛接一輛地駛出閘門。

有不少英美人士,在這種情況下,也用one after the other來表達(dá)。因?yàn)橛胦ne after the other表達(dá)時(shí),說話人是把這些小汽車分為每“兩輛”作為一組看待,兩輛兩輛輪流交替。用one after another時(shí),說話人是把十幾輛小汽車看作“一個(gè)連續(xù)不斷的整體”,而不是以“二”作為一個(gè)單位看待。因此,one after the other也可用于指兩者以上事物的場合。

應(yīng)當(dāng)在此補(bǔ)充一句,one another和each other也存在著類似的區(qū)別,但each other也可以用于三者或三者以上的場合,正如between和among一樣,between亦可用于三者或三者以上的場合。

one… the other與the one… the other

這一對(duì)詞組都用于指兩樣事物的場合,但涵義有所不同。

One…the other是“一個(gè)…另一個(gè)…”; the one…the other是“前者…后者…”,相當(dāng)于the former…the latter。

試對(duì)比它們?cè)谙吕牟煌瑑?nèi)涵和使用場合:

I have two sisters; one is twenty and the other is eighteen. 我有兩個(gè)妹妹,一個(gè)是二十歲,另一個(gè)是十八歲。

Both my sisters are abroad; one in Burma and the other in Indonesia. 我的兩個(gè)妹妹都在國外,一個(gè)在緬甸,另一個(gè)在印尼。

We have two cats,a white one and a black one;the one is larger than the other.

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我有兩只貓,一只白的和一只黑的,白的比黑的那只長得大。

值得注意的是,the one現(xiàn)在是指前者,the other是指后者,而從前卻恰好顛倒過來,the one指后者,the cther指前者

first與firstly

這兩個(gè)詞的意義很近似,又都有“首先”、“第一”之意,但使用場合不盡一致。

First的使用范圍較大,可以作名詞、形容詞和副詞,有時(shí)還可以代替firstly使用;firstly的運(yùn)用范圍較小,只能作副詞,用于列舉事實(shí)或理由的場合。

漢語里的“首先”、“第一”,在英語中是firstly、first of all、in the first place或干脆說first;但漢語中的“最后一點(diǎn)”,英語里卻不說last,而是說lastly或last of all,這是應(yīng)當(dāng)記住的。

下面是first和firstly通用的例句: First(or Firstly),we dice the pork and marinate it and,second(or secondly),we prepare the dough for the pie.

首先,把豬肉切成肉丁并加醃料;其次是預(yù)備做餡餅的麥粉。

但在下列場合里,first卻不可以和firstly替換使用:

We first(不能用firstly)go to Shenzhen,and then to Beijing. 我們先到深圳,然后上北京。

He who would eat the nut must first(不能用firstly)crack the shell. 要吃核果,必須先破殼。

下面是first作名詞和形容詞的例句:

The first of May is International Labour Day. 五月一日是國際勞動(dòng)節(jié)。

The first question is whether the Government is willing to improve elementary education.

第一個(gè)問題是:政府是否愿意改造小學(xué)教育。

go to bed與go to sleep

這一對(duì)并非同義短語。

Go to bed的意思是“上床”、“就寢”,bed之前不能加定冠詞the,也不能加this、that、your、my等詞,因?yàn)樗枪潭ㄔ~組。在下列的固定詞組中,我們也不能加上列的詞,否則意義將要改變:get to bed,put to bed,take to bed,lie in bed,out of bed等。例:

When did you go to bed last night?

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昨晚你幾點(diǎn)鐘上床?

I usually go to bed at eleven. 我通常十一點(diǎn)就寢。

Go to sleep的意思是“入睡”、“睡著”。因此,go to bed并不等于go to sleep。如所周知,一個(gè)失眠的人往往在go to bed之后過了很久也不能 go to sleep。例: Last night I was too excited to go to sleep. 昨晚我激動(dòng)得不能入睡。

I went to sleep at two this morning!今晨兩點(diǎn)我才睡著。

現(xiàn)將 go to bed和go to sleep用在一個(gè)句中,以便區(qū)別:

She usually goes to bed at nine and goes to sleep a few minutes afterwards. 她通常九點(diǎn)上床,幾分鐘后就入睡了。

hand in hand與hand to hand

這一對(duì)并不是同義短語。

Hand in hand的意思是“攜手”、“手拉著手”、“與…聯(lián)系”、“共同地”。例: Let's work hand in hand. 讓我們攜手合作吧。

Theory should go hand in hand with practice. 理論應(yīng)與實(shí)際結(jié)合。

You must to hand in hand with us. 你們必須和我們步調(diào)一致。

Hand to hand的意思是“短兵相接”。例:

On boarding enemy's vessel,the marines fought hand to hand. 登上敵船后,水兵們短兵相接。

From hand to hand的意思是“傳遞”:

The workers passed bricks from hand to hand in the construction site. 工人們?cè)诮ㄖさ厣嫌檬謧鬟f磚塊。

注:hand的短語甚多,常見的有:from hand to mouth(做一天吃一天);hand over fist(快速而大量地);on all hands(四面八方)。

hardly與scarcely

這一對(duì)副詞都同樣“幾乎不”、“幾乎沒有”的否定意味,但涵義重心有細(xì)微的差異。

Hardly強(qiáng)調(diào)“困難”,指程度而言,常用以修飾表示能力的詞,與can、ever、any等詞連用。

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He hardly knew what to say. 他簡直不知道說什么才好。

I can hardly believe that some socialites and dignitaries are involved in syndicated crime.

我簡直不能相信,一些社會(huì)名流,達(dá)官政要竟然涉及集團(tuán)罪行。

scarcely強(qiáng)調(diào)“不足”,主要指數(shù)量而言,常與enough、sufficient、any或數(shù)詞連用。例:

When he played the piano he was scarcely four years old. 他懂得彈鋼琴還不滿四歲。

The tram was so crowded that there was scarcely sufficient room for you. 電車上十分擁擠,幾乎沒有你立足之地。

At midnight,scarcely any taxi could be found in the streets. 午夜時(shí)分,街上幾乎看不到一輛的士。

請(qǐng)注意,在表示“一…就…”的涵義時(shí),hardly…when…和scarcely…before…,可互換

使用。當(dāng)hardly或scarcely放在句首時(shí),主句中的主語和輔助動(dòng)詞的次序要顛倒。例如: Hardly(or Scarcely)had I entered the station when(or before)the last train left.

我剛進(jìn)入火車站不久,火車就開走了。

during與for

介詞for引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語時(shí),很易和during混淆不清。它們的區(qū)別如下:

(一)during用在已知的時(shí)期、節(jié)日或表示時(shí)間觀念的名詞之前,其后通常接the、this、that、these、those、my、your、his……等詞。例: during the last four days(the spring of 1995)during the winter(war,economic crisis of 1929)during that time(the course of the play)during my holidays(summer vacation)during her absence(interview)

during our stay in Japan(their visit here)

而for則用以表示“有限的”或“無限的”時(shí)間概念,通常其后接冠詞、數(shù)詞,復(fù)數(shù)名詞或副詞ever。例如:

for the first time(a time,a while)for a couple of weeks(days)

for two months(weeks)

for many years(generations)好讀書教育

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for years(months)for ever(ages)

(二)during的涵義是“當(dāng)……之際”,它既可指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在某個(gè)時(shí)期里連續(xù)不斷地進(jìn)行,也可以指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在這段時(shí)期里的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生。如:

He was sick for a week and during that week he was placed in an infirmary. 他病了一個(gè)星期,在這個(gè)星期里,他住在護(hù)養(yǎng)院。

It snowed all day but stopped snowing during that night. 下了一整天雪,到晚上才停了。

而for的涵義是指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在某個(gè)時(shí)期里處于連續(xù)不斷的狀態(tài)。如: They worked for the whole day. 他們干了一整天。

在某些場合下,for含有“預(yù)先安排”或“為了某一目的”之涵義。表示此意味時(shí),大都和come、go、stay、lend、rent、hire等詞連用。例: I went to Europe for the holidays. 我到歐洲度假去了。

They will stay with us for the New Year. 他們將和我們?cè)谝黄穑捕刃履辍e're off for our honeymoon.

我們要去度蜜月。

May I borrow your camera for Christmas? 我可否借你的照相機(jī)在圣誕節(jié)時(shí)使用?

by oneself,for oneself,in oneself,of oneself?

這四個(gè)詞組的意義有所不同。

By oneself的意思是“單獨(dú)地”、“靠自己地”(alone or independently)。例: His father lives by himself in the village. 他的父親獨(dú)自一個(gè)人住在村里。

All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now. 他所有的朋友都離棄他,現(xiàn)在他孤獨(dú)一人。

For oneself的意義為“為自己”(for himself or for herself)。例: One should not live only for oneself.

人不應(yīng)單為自己而活。

In oneself的意思是“就其本身或本性而言”。例: This wood is hard in itself. 這種木頭本要就是硬的。

Of oneself的意思是“自然地”、“自發(fā)地”、“自動(dòng)地”(of one's own accord)。例:

Every day I awake of myself at half past five.

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每天早上我都是五點(diǎn)半就自己醒來。The door opened of itself. 門是自己開的。

The fire went out of itself. 火自己熄滅了。

與上列四個(gè)短語相類似的還有兩個(gè)詞組,即beside oneself和 to oneself,前者義:“失常”、“發(fā)狂”;后者是“獨(dú)自占有或享用”。例: He was beside himself with joy. 他欣喜若狂。

When one dines in a restaurant,one likes a table to oneself. 人們?cè)陲埖瓿燥垥r(shí),總是喜歡獨(dú)占一桌。

Oneself和 one's self的區(qū)別也是值得我們注意的。Oneself是反身強(qiáng)調(diào)代詞,意指自己;one's self則是代詞加名詞,意指個(gè)人的本性。它們的區(qū)別如同myself和my self;yourself和your self ;himself和his self;ourselves 和our selves ;themselves和their selves一樣。例: She made a cup of tea for herself. 她為自己燒了一杯茶。

She looked just like her old self. 她看上去和從前依然一模一樣。

請(qǐng)注意,myself可以在句中表示me的涵義,這是其他反身代詞所沒有的特性。例:

They invited my father and myself(=me)to their party. 他們邀請(qǐng)我父親和我參加他們的聚會(huì)。

He saw neither myself nor Mary in the street. 在馬路上他既沒有看見我,也沒有看見瑪麗。

China與china

這兩個(gè)詞都是名詞,讀音相同,但意義有別。

China(首字母大寫)是“中國”,指 the People's Republic of China;china(首字母小寫)是“瓷器”,尤指優(yōu)質(zhì)瓷器。例: This car is made in China. 這輛汽車是中國制造的。

She laid out a small tray with the best china on the table. 她把盛著上等瓷具的小托盆放在桌上。

與之類似區(qū)別的詞有: Turkey 土耳其 turkey 火雞 Japan日本

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japan 漆;(日本式)漆器 Guinea 幾內(nèi)亞

guinea 幾尼(舊英車金幣名,全21先令)

有趣的是,類似區(qū)別的現(xiàn)象不但出現(xiàn)于單詞中,也見諸于短語里。如: in the Doldrums和 in the doldrums。前者的意思是“在Doldrums海域里”。Doldrums位于非洲海岸大西洋內(nèi),是個(gè)熱帶無風(fēng)帶。該海域的特點(diǎn)為,當(dāng)大西洋其他地區(qū)刮大風(fēng)時(shí),海浪滔天,而the Doldrums 海面依舊平靜如常,后來人們由此而引伸出另一個(gè)意義,當(dāng)他們感到“意志消沉”、“毫無生氣”或“悶悶不樂”時(shí),就用 to be in the doldrums這個(gè)短語來表示。現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)對(duì)比 in the Doldrums和 in the doldrums在下列句中的不同涵義:

Our ocean liner is now sailing in the Doldrums. 我們的輪船現(xiàn)在正在Doldrums海域航行。

Recently,trade appeared to be in the doldrums.近來商業(yè)一片蕭條。

You look as though you were in the doldrums.Cheer up!看來你的意志頗消沉,振作點(diǎn)吧!

close與near

用作形容詞時(shí),close很易與near混淆不清。

Close的意思是“緊接時(shí)”、“靠近時(shí)”、“近傍時(shí)”,涵義比near強(qiáng)。它既可以指地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間和次序上的接近,也可以指感情上的接近。例: My house is close to the public library. 我的家靠近公共圖書館。

The examination is close at hand. 考期已逼近。

She is close with him:They are very close friends. 她和他很親密:他門是很親密的朋友。First cousins are close relatives. 堂/表兄弟是近親。

His father is close on ninety years of age. 他的父親將近九十歲。

Close to 4,000 young men and women took part in this sportsmeet. 大約有四千名男女青年參加了這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

Near有時(shí)可以和close互換使用,但涵義比close弱。例如:我們形容兩幢相近可見的房屋時(shí),用near;而形容屋檐相接的兩幢房屋時(shí),則用close。因此,near并不像close具有緊接的意味,而是用以指距離較近或不久將要發(fā)生和實(shí)現(xiàn)之事。near有時(shí)亦可指關(guān)系和感情的密切。例:

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In Hong Kong,residential houses are quite near(to)the airport 在香港住宅很接近機(jī)場。

Is Tiger Balm Garden near or far? 虎豹?jiǎng)e墅離這里是近還是遠(yuǎn)?

In the near future they can complete this arduous task. 在不久的將來,他們就可以完成這項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。All of them are my near relations. 他們都是我的近親。

Near有時(shí)還可用以表示“吝嗇”的意味。例: He is very near with his money. 他很吝嗇。

請(qǐng)注意,“近視眼”是near-sighted,不用close,“近東”是the Near East,也不能用close。

college,institute,university

這三個(gè)詞都能表示“高等學(xué)府”之義,但內(nèi)涵和使用場合有所不同。

一般說來,college譯作“學(xué)院”,它是university(大學(xué))的一個(gè)組成部分,例如,一所綜合大學(xué)里設(shè)有文學(xué)院、理學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院等,故一所大學(xué)往往是由多所較小的college合并而成。值得注意的是,在英國,大學(xué)稱為university,而在美國大學(xué)稱為college;有些規(guī)模較小的大學(xué)也可稱之為junior college。

“學(xué)院”一字的英語對(duì)應(yīng)詞很多,除了college之外,尚有institute,academy,school,conservatory,centre和faculty等字,例如以前的上海和北京的外語學(xué)院均用institute一詞,麻省理工學(xué)院(MIT)也叫institute;美國的西點(diǎn)軍校用academy;獨(dú)立的音樂學(xué)院或大學(xué)多用conservatory或academy(歐洲多用);但一所大學(xué)內(nèi)的音樂學(xué)院則叫School of Music或College of Music。西方有些醫(yī)學(xué)院稱之為medical centre;英國大學(xué)的學(xué)院則大都用school,如London School of Economics,較小的學(xué)院稱為faculty,如Faculty of Science、Faculty of Arts,而神學(xué)院則用seminary一詞。

Institute一般也譯作“學(xué)院”,但它著重表示單科的或?qū)?菩缘脑盒#纾谥袊话愕蔫F道、航空、郵電、美術(shù)等學(xué)院均用institute一詞。值得注意的是,世界著名的學(xué)府MIT(麻省理工學(xué)院)是一所多學(xué)科性的大學(xué),但它依然用institute一詞,即:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,既為世人所知,就沒有必要把它改稱為university了。

由此可見,用詞不同多因地區(qū)不同而發(fā)生:college 在美國指大學(xué),在英國則指學(xué)院,甚至中學(xué);所以香港的中學(xué)很少稱為middle school而叫college。school一詞則既指大學(xué)學(xué)院,也解作一般中小學(xué)校。

有趣的是,university一詞可以和college連用。英國有個(gè)以研究英語語音學(xué) 好讀書教育

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而聞名于世的學(xué)者,叫Daniel Jones,年輕時(shí),他曾攻讀于倫敦的一所稱為University College School。這里的University College是專有名詞,用作定語,修飾School。

concerned與concerning

這兩個(gè)詞的詞義并不相同,用法亦有異。

Concerned是分詞形容詞,其意為“有關(guān)的”(involved);concerning是由分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而成的介詞,其意為“關(guān)于”(relating to)。請(qǐng)看下面的例句: This agreement will be signed by the parties concemed. 此協(xié)議將由各有關(guān)方面簽署。

They called on all departments concemed to take prompt steps to promote the development of light industry.

他們要求各有關(guān)部門迅速采取措施,促進(jìn)輕工業(yè)發(fā)展。

由例句可見,concerned用作形容詞解作“有關(guān)的”時(shí),是后置定語,大都放在它所修飾的名詞之后。但在verb“to be”之后而同樣解作“關(guān)于”時(shí),則要用be concerned with的形式,如:

This book is concerned with English usage. 此書是與英語慣用法有關(guān)。

值得注意的是,concerned(亦可表示動(dòng)詞之意)也可解作“關(guān)心”、“擔(dān)心”解,與之搭配的介詞為at、about或,用作此意時(shí),concerned也是形容詞。例: He was deeply concerned at the news. 聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí),他深為擔(dān)憂。

We are all concerned about the pollution of the environment here. 對(duì)這里的環(huán)境愛到污染,我們都感到不安。

Parents are naturally conerned for their children's safety. 父母自然關(guān)心他們兒女的安全。

下面是concerning的例句:

This is a proposal concerning the construction of the new airport. 這是關(guān)于興建新機(jī)場的一項(xiàng)建議。

Yesterday we wrote him a letter concerning the business arrangement. 昨天我們就業(yè)務(wù)安排問題寫了一封信給他。

在個(gè)別場合下,concerned with可以和concerning互換使用,原因是從句which are concerned with中的which are 省略了。例如: We had several disputes concerning/(which are)concerned with this matter. 關(guān)于此事,我們?cè)鵂幷撨^數(shù)次。

請(qǐng)注意,下列語句的區(qū)別:

They were concerned(worried)about the matter. 他們?yōu)榇耸露鴵?dān)憂。

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They were concerned(implicated)in the matter. 他們參與此事。

They were concemed(connected)with the matter. 他們與此事有關(guān)。

此外,作為特定詞組,as far as I am concerned解作in my opinion;as far as sth is concerned解作concerning sth/ talking about sth。例: As far as I'm concerned,this plan is impractical. 依我來看,這個(gè)計(jì)劃不切實(shí)際。

As far as funding is concerned,some banks have agreed to provide loans. 關(guān)于資金方面,一些銀行同意提供貸款

第二篇:2017年高中常用詞匯辨析

2017最新高中詞匯辨析

這些詞或短語都有“發(fā)生”的意思,都不可以用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),但用法各不相同,區(qū)別如下:

take place 表示“發(fā)生”,一般指事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。通常指“(某事)按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或按計(jì)劃發(fā)生。”

Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.此外還有“舉行”之意。

The concert takes place next Thursday.happen 作“發(fā)生”解,常指具體事件的發(fā)生,特別指那些偶然的或未能預(yù)見的“發(fā)生”,一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件。

A storm happened across the river in another country.此外還有“碰巧”之意。

I happened to see him on my way home.= It happened that I saw him on my way home.= It happened that I saw him on my way home.occur 作“發(fā)生”解,其意義相當(dāng)于 happen。What has occurred?(= What has happened?)A big earthquake occurred(= happened)in the south of China last month.此外還有“想到、突然想起”之意。

It occurred to me that she didn't know I had moved into the new house.溫馨提示:Sth.occur to sb./ it occur to sb.that…“某人突然想起…”

come about 表示“發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生”,多指事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了,但還不知道為什么,常用于疑問句和否定句。

When Mother woke up, she didn't know what had come about.I'll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.Do you know how the air accident came about?

break out 意思為“發(fā)生、爆發(fā)”,常指戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)難、疾病或者爭吵等事件的發(fā)生。

A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night.After the flood, diseases broke out here and there.練習(xí):

B 1.____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A.It B.What C.As D.Which 08福建

A 2.Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer____ it was 20 years ago, ____ it was so poorly equipped.A.what;when B.that;which C.what;which D.which;that 05安徽

2017最新高中詞匯辨析

D 3.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it______ yesterday.A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened 06全國1 D 4.---Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?---Something ________ to him.A.must happen B.should have happened C.could have happened D.must have happened 05江西

D 5.I don't know whether you happen___ , but I’m going to study in the U.S.A.this September.A.to be heard B.to be hearing C.to hear D.to have heard 04遼寧

C 6.I _____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _______.A.went;was occurring B.went;occurred C.was going;occurred D.was going;had occurred 06安徽 C 7.It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A.which B.what C.that D.if 10陜西

A 8.I was still sleeping when the fire ___, and then it spread quickly.A.broke out B.put out C.came out D.got out 06廣東

C 9.It's already 10 o'clock I wonder how it ____ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.A.came over B.came o suffer 經(jīng)受,使遭受(壞事,不愉快的事),其賓語一般是loss, pain, punishment, defeat, wrong, hardship, torture, grief, injustice, discouragement, disappointment等。

I will not suffer such conduct.我不能容忍這種行為。

They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.他們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí)遭受了巨大損失。

suffer from 因……而痛苦

1.suffer from+疾病名詞(或者他人閑言碎語、勞累、記憶力減退等),表示患病、為……受苦。

She suffers from headache.她患頭痛病。

I'm suffering from a lack of time this week.我為這周時(shí)間不夠用而苦。2.suffer from+自然災(zāi)害

suffer from drought 遭受旱災(zāi);suffer from floods 遭受水災(zāi)

注:有時(shí)二者區(qū)別不大,可換用。

suffer hunger 挨餓; suffer from cold and hunger饑寒交迫 let alone, not to speak of, still less 等更不用說

Fewer and fewer of today's workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, ________ the same company.A)all else B)much worse C)less likely D)let alone

2017最新高中詞匯辨析

這道題的答案是D。題目的意思是:今天,越來越少的人愿意在同一領(lǐng)域工作一輩子,更不用說在同一家公司了。

let alone是一個(gè)固定短語,意思是“更不用說”。又如:

1.英國人自己也常常不能確定什么是俚語,更不用說外國人了。

Englishmen themselves are often uncertain what is slang and what isn't, let alone foreigners.(《英漢大詞典》)

2.他連買一輛舊汽車的錢都不夠,更不用說買一輛新的了。

He didn't even have enough money to buy a used car, let alone a new one.(《英語慣用短語詞典》)

3.這嬰兒連走路都不會(huì),更不用說跑了。

The baby can't even walk, let alone run.(《簡明英語短語辭典》)

除let alone外,“更不用說”在英語中還可用其它一些短語來表達(dá),常見的有not to speak of, not to mention, to say nothing of, much/still/even less, much/still more等。現(xiàn)結(jié)合例句簡介如下:

一﹑not to speak of(后接名詞)

1.他的朋友和同事都會(huì)為此事難過,更不用說他的父母了。

His friends and colleagues will be very upset, not to speak of his parents.(《英漢大詞典》)

2.這位學(xué)者精通拉丁語,至于他的本族語--英語就更不用說了。

The scholar is well versed in Latin, not to speak of English which is his native language.(《英語慣用短語辭典》)

3.他會(huì)說德語和法語,更不用說英語了。

He can speak German and French, not to speak of English.(《最新高級(jí)英漢詞典》)

二﹑ not to mention或without mentioning(后接名詞)

1.他們連法國香檳酒也端來給我們喝,更不用說平常的雞尾酒了。

We were served French champagne, not to mention usual cocktail.(《英漢大詞典》)

2.這孩子算術(shù)還沒學(xué)會(huì),更不用說代數(shù)了。

The boy has not learnt arithmetic, not to mention algebra.(《新英漢詞典》)

3.大人﹑小孩都不贊成這個(gè)建議,更不用說年輕人了。

Old folks and children alike are all against the proposal , not to mention the youth.(《英漢六用詞典》)

三﹑ to say nothing of(后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞)

1.這個(gè)句子別扭得很,更不用說它語義晦澀了。

This sentence is very awkward, to say nothing of its being obscure.(《簡明英語短語辭典》)

2.許多人受了重傷,更不用說房屋的毀壞了。

Many people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building.(《最新高級(jí)英漢詞典》)

四﹑much/still/even less(后接代詞﹑動(dòng)詞或句子)

1.我想都未想到它,更不用說講到它了。

I never think of it, much less say it.(《英語慣用短語辭典》)

2017最新高中詞匯辨析

2.她連自己的工作都不能及時(shí)完成,更不用說幫助別人了。

She can't finish her own work in time, even less help others.(《英語慣用法大詞典》)

3.他看都看不懂英語,更不用說教了。

He can't read English;still less can he teach it.(《英漢六用詞典》)

五﹑never mind(常用于口語)

I can't walk, never mind run.我連走都不行,更不用說跑了。(《英漢大詞典》)

六﹑much/ still more(用于肯定句,后接名詞或介詞短語)

1.她法語都懂,英語就更不用說了。

She knows French, much more English.(《最新高級(jí)英漢詞典》)

2.他對(duì)我很和善,更不用說對(duì)我哥哥了。

He is kind to me, still more to my elder brother.(《英語慣用短語詞典》)

七、much/ still less(后接動(dòng)詞或句子)

1.她連飲料都不愿喝一杯,更別提留下吃飯了。

She wouldn't take a drink, much less stay for dinner.(《英漢大詞典》)

2.法語不是法國人的私有財(cái)產(chǎn),英語就更不成其為英國人的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)了。

French is not the private property of Frenchmen, and still less is English the private property of Englishmen.(《英漢大詞典》)much less, still less引導(dǎo)的詞組或從句,表示一種追加的否定。

less是由little的否定意義而來的,所以這兩個(gè)詞組只能用于否定句中,意為“更不用說、更不必說”。

to say nothing of, not to speak of ,not to mention, let alone這四個(gè)詞組意為“更不消說”,也是一種追補(bǔ)的說法。但它們與much less和still less有所不同,這些詞組可以隨前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定,則追加的也是肯定意義。如果前一句是否定,則追加的也是否定意義。

We have no room for another house guest, let alone an entire family.she can't boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.He was too tired to walk, let alone run.The father can't even discipline himself much less setting a good example to his children.想一想:這句話中的much less為什么不能用let 例句辨異

Don't give him anymore stress.He's had a difficult day.別再給他增加壓力!一天夠難為他的了。

Don't give him anymore pressure.He can't work any faster.別再對(duì)他施壓了!他無法再快了。

詞義辨析

以上兩個(gè)詞中文意思相近,有時(shí)多少可以互相替換使用,但一般情況下應(yīng)該使用哪個(gè)詞都已經(jīng)預(yù)定俗成。

2017最新高中詞匯辨析

stress和pressure都指壓迫人的力量。物理學(xué)上,stress指將物體朝兩個(gè)不同方向牽引的力.pressure指將物體朝同一方向推的力。用于人時(shí),stress指使人感到內(nèi)心痛苦的各種原因,pressure則指強(qiáng)制或促使某種行動(dòng)的外部壓力。因此stress通常為不好的東西.而適當(dāng)增加pressure有時(shí)卻是件好事。Stress results when one feels pulled in two different directiones.Pressure is the result of being pushed to do more or to do something that one does not want to do.擴(kuò)展練習(xí)因壓力成病

a stress-caused illness(常用表達(dá))

a pressure-caused illness(錯(cuò)誤的英語表達(dá)或英美人認(rèn)為不地道的表達(dá))stress會(huì)帶來內(nèi)心的痛苦,顯示出的狀態(tài)是a stress-caused illness。難以忍受的壓力

unbearable stress(常用表達(dá))unbearable pressure(常用表達(dá))

都可以用,…stress 指由于各種各樣的原因而感到內(nèi)心痛苦,…pressure指被別人強(qiáng)制做某事的狀態(tài)。來自伙伴的壓力

peer stress(錯(cuò)誤的英語表達(dá)或英美人認(rèn)為不地道的表達(dá))peer pressure(常用表達(dá))

peer pressure 指伙伴硬性勸煙等情況,peer stress 意思不明。

第三篇:5 英語考試常用詞匯、詞組辨析

在職攻碩英語考試常用詞匯、詞組辨析

本部分將常用易混詞和詞組歸納為127例,進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的辨析,并舉例說明,以便于考生掌握使用。以下這些詞大部分出現(xiàn)在大綱詞表上,考生應(yīng)在學(xué)習(xí)中特別注意加以區(qū)分。(1)abroad adv./aboard adv./board n.&v.前兩個(gè)詞是副詞,詞形相近,容易記混。這兩個(gè)詞的意思差異很大。abroad意為“在國外”;而aboard的意思是“登(機(jī)),上(車船等)”,與動(dòng)詞go搭配來表示登機(jī)等;最后一個(gè)詞board常用來表示“登機(jī),上船”,是動(dòng)詞。

例:I have decided to study abroad next year.我已決定明年去國外讀書。It is time to go aboard.現(xiàn)在該登機(jī)了。

We are asked to board half an hour before departure time.起飛前半小時(shí)之內(nèi),我們必須登機(jī)。(2)absorb v./concentrate v.absorb原義為“吸收”,引申詞義為“吸引(注意力,精力等)”,常用于be absorbed in sth.表示“被??吸引住,專注于”;concentrate的意思是“集中精神,全神貫注,聚精會(huì)神”,多與on或upon連用。例:The picture absorbed my attention.我被這幅畫迷住了。

He found his brother absorbed in the watching of the match.他發(fā)現(xiàn)弟弟在聚精會(huì)神地看比賽。

She tried to concentrate on her work in the university.她試圖專心致志地在大學(xué)里工作。

(3)accomplish vt./complete vt.&a./achieve vt.accomplish的詞義是“成功地完成每項(xiàng)任務(wù)”,尤其指經(jīng)過一定努力后完成;complete主要指“全部完成了,沒有剩下”,另外complete也是形容詞,意為“完整的,完全的”;achieve與accomplish相近,指“經(jīng)過努力最終達(dá)到預(yù)期的目標(biāo)”。

例:I knew that I had accomplished something during my first year in Beijing.我知道在北京的第一年我已經(jīng)取得了一些成就。

I have just completed the revision of this report.我剛剛完成對(duì)報(bào)告的修訂。

He went to London without having achieved any success.他一事無成便去了倫敦。

(4)accurate a./correct a./exact a.accurate的意思是“精確的,準(zhǔn)確的”;correct的意思是“正確的,沒有錯(cuò)誤的”;exact的意思是“確切的,正好的”。

例:I need an accurate figure on what we have lost in the battle.1 我需要有關(guān)戰(zhàn)事?lián)p失的準(zhǔn)確數(shù)字。

This is not the correct answer to that question.這不是那個(gè)問題的正確答案。

These are the exact tools those people used several thousand years ago.這些人幾千年前用的就是這種工具。

(5)acquire v./require v./inquire v.這幾個(gè)詞詞形、發(fā)音相近,容易記混。acquire的意思是“經(jīng)過自己的努力獲得,習(xí)得”;require的意思是“要求”;inquire的意思是“調(diào)查,詢問,打聽”。例:She has acquired a new set of interests.她現(xiàn)在又有了一些新的愛好。

The rules require us all to be present.按規(guī)定我們都要出席。

Why don’t you inquire by telephone? 你為什么不打電話詢問一下呢?

(6)actual a./genuine a./original a./real a./practical a.actual指“實(shí)際上”、“事實(shí)上”存在或發(fā)生的事情,或人所共知的客觀事實(shí);genuine指與真實(shí)情況“一模一樣”,“名符其實(shí)”,“真心的”;original指信息或消息等“原原本本”的情況,見解等“獨(dú)到而非抄襲別人”;real指“真實(shí)存在的,不是假的或捏造的;practical指從實(shí)踐、實(shí)用角度講“實(shí)事求是的,可行的,有實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”。

例:The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected.實(shí)際的修理費(fèi)用比我們預(yù)期的要低得多。This ring is genuine gold.這枚戒指是真金的。

This is an original play, not an adaptation.這是一本原創(chuàng)劇本,不是改編而成的。

He is just a recent graduate experiencing the real world for the first time.他只是一個(gè)剛畢業(yè)首次體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的畢業(yè)生。

This kind of product is worthless for all practical purposes.這種產(chǎn)品毫無實(shí)用價(jià)值。(7)adapt v./adopt v.這兩個(gè)詞拼寫只差一個(gè)字母,非常容易記混。adapt的意思是“改編,改作??用,適應(yīng)”;adopt是“收養(yǎng),采用,采納”。

例:I suggest that he should adapt himself to new conditions.我建議他要適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。

This play has been skillfully adapted from the original novel.改編者很熟練地將原小說改編成一部戲劇。

We can adapt this old house for use as a garage.我們可以將這座舊房改造成一個(gè)車庫。

Her mother had adopted a disapproving attitude.她母親采取了不贊成的態(tài)度。

They have decided to adopt me as their own daughter.他們已決定收養(yǎng)我做女兒。

(8)adequate a./sufficient a.adequate常用來表示“充足的,完備的,完善的,勝任的”;sufficient則表示“在數(shù)量上是足夠的,多的”。在表示充足的含義上前者更強(qiáng)調(diào)足夠用來做某事,而后者則表示多,不缺乏。例:His wages are adequate to support these people。他的收入足以養(yǎng)活這些人。

Two pounds of orange will be sufficient for the party,don’t buy more.兩磅柑桔就夠聚會(huì)用的了,不必再多買了。(9)administration n./management n.這兩個(gè)名詞都是與管理有關(guān)的名詞。administration的主要含義是“行政管理,政府等”,而management比前者的含義廣,它可以指“包括企業(yè)管理在內(nèi)的各種管理,經(jīng)營”,也可以指“行政管理”。例:An executive should be experienced in administration.一個(gè)管理者應(yīng)有行政管理的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

Nothing was done by the last administration.上屆政府什么事也沒干。

The management of the business has been done very well.這個(gè)企業(yè)管理得很好。

She is going to report the whole thing to the management.她將向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)做全面匯報(bào)。

(10)admit v./allow v./permit v./approve v.這幾個(gè)詞都有“同意,批準(zhǔn),允許”的意思,要注意區(qū)別運(yùn)用。admit的意思是“同意進(jìn)入,允許進(jìn)入”(常與to連用);allow泛指“一般的同意,允許”;permit常用來表示“上下級(jí)之間的允許,批準(zhǔn)”;approve的主要意思是“批準(zhǔn)(條文,協(xié)議等),贊同”(常與of連用)。例:This ticket will admit two to the opening ceremony of the exhibition.這張展覽會(huì)開幕式的入場券可允許兩人入場。

His mother didn’t allow him to watch TV before he finished his homework.不做完作業(yè),他母親不許他看電視。

This state permits the sale of alcoholic beverages.本州允許銷售酒精類飲料。

Do you think my father would permit this? 你認(rèn)為我父親會(huì)同意這樣做嗎? Congress approved the budget.國會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了該預(yù)算。I do not approve at all of his moral character.我根本不贊同他的道德品格。

(11)advantage n./merit n./virtue n.advantage的主要意思是“優(yōu)勢(shì),好處”,為可數(shù)名詞,常用于短語take advantage of sth.;merit的主要意思是“優(yōu)點(diǎn),長處,好處,可取之處”,是可數(shù)名詞,也是不可數(shù)名詞;virtue的主要意思是“美德,品德,優(yōu)點(diǎn)”,主要從事物的品質(zhì)或價(jià)值的角度講優(yōu)點(diǎn)。例:I said we could see certain advantages in a change.我是說我們可以在改變中看到其優(yōu)勢(shì)。He knew the merit of his work.他了解他的工作的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

One of his virtues is that he never gets angry.他的美德之一就是他從不生氣。

(12)affair n./event n./incident n.affair的意思是“有關(guān)的事,事務(wù),活動(dòng)等”,如foreign affairs(外事),也常指婚外戀;event指“每日里發(fā)生的事件,事或活動(dòng),比賽項(xiàng)目”;incident同event意思相近,指“事件,事”,尤指較重大的、有影響的政治事件等。

例:They have no right to interfere in the domestic affairs of Iran.他們無權(quán)干涉伊朗的內(nèi)政。

The affair remained a complete mystery.那件事至今還是個(gè)謎。

The important event of the week was the big storm.那一周中的大事就是那場大暴風(fēng)雪。

Coming events in the village include a dance-show and a treat for the school children.村里即將發(fā)生的大事,就是招待學(xué)校的孩子們和舞蹈表演。Our team won the silver medal in this event.我們隊(duì)獲得該項(xiàng)目的銀牌。

On the very day before I left, an incident occurred.事件就發(fā)生在我要離開的當(dāng)天。

There were several incidents on the frontier between the two nations in the 50s.50年代兩國邊境發(fā)生了許多大事。(13)afford v./offer v./provide v.afford的意思是“有條件擔(dān)負(fù),支付得起”;offer的意思是“給予,提出,出價(jià)”;provide的意思是“提供,供給,為??做準(zhǔn)備”,常與for, with一起連用。例:John can’t afford to give so much time to it.約翰花不起這么多時(shí)間來做這件事。

I don’t think we’ll be able to afford any travel any more.我想我們沒錢再旅行了。They were friendly and even offered assistance.他們很友好,甚至表示愿意幫助我們。

Mrs.Baines offered no comment on Susan’s situation.貝恩太太對(duì)蘇珊的處境未做任何評(píng)論。

On Sundays his landlord provided dinner as well as breakfast.周日,他的房東為他既提供早餐又提供晚餐。

He provided for his family by working in a factory。他靠在工廠做工來養(yǎng)家。

We must provide for the future.我們必須為將來做好準(zhǔn)備。(14)alarm n.&v./warn n.&v.alarm的意思是“提醒,警告”,有使警覺,使做好準(zhǔn)備的意思;warn的意思主要指“警告,告誡”,有事先告訴可能發(fā)生的事,警告說??的意思。

例:There were several alarms during the night but no actual air raid actually took place.當(dāng)夜,空襲警報(bào)拉響了數(shù)次,但并沒有飛機(jī)來襲。He warned us that the road was icy.他警告我們說道路很滑。

(15)alike a.&adv./ identical a.這兩個(gè)詞都有長得一樣,長得像的意思。alike是副詞也是形容詞,只做表語用;identical是形容詞,意思是“同一個(gè),完全相同”,除了作表語,也可以在名詞前做定語,可用于詞組be identical with。例:My brother and I are exactly alike.我兄弟和我長得一模一樣。

It’s the identical coat which was stolen from my wife.這就是我妻子丟失的那件上衣。Your pen is identical with mine.你這支鋼筆和我那支完全一樣。

(16)area n./region n./zone n./district n.area通常用于面積可測(cè)量或計(jì)算的地區(qū),界限明確,但不指行政區(qū)劃。如:60 years ago, half French people were still living in the rural area.region常指地理上有天然界限或具有某種特色(如氣候、自然條件)自成一個(gè)單位的地區(qū)。如:the Arctic regions北極地區(qū)。另外region也指較大的行政單位。如:Xinjiang Autonomous Region.zone通常指地理上的“(地)帶”,尤指圖表上的環(huán)形地帶。如:refugees from the war zone從戰(zhàn)爭地區(qū)來的難民。district指行政劃分的區(qū),比region小,通常指市鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)的一區(qū)。如:Hai dian district海淀區(qū)

(17)alive a./live a./vivid a./lively a.alive指“活著的,處于工作狀態(tài)的”的意思,和dead反義,常作表語。live指“有生命的”,即having life,“正處于工作狀態(tài)”的意思。vivid指人的表情、故事等“生動(dòng)”、“逼真”、“活潑”等。lively指人及生物等充滿生機(jī)和活力,即“活潑的”、“充滿生氣的”。(18)affect v./influence v.這兩個(gè)詞都有“影響”的意思。

1)affect vt.作“影響”講時(shí)可分三種情況:

① 直接的、有形的力量作用于某事物或事件并使之發(fā)生變化。

例:They try to affect the size of a crop by using fertilizer.他們施肥料以使莊稼長大。

② 用于表示對(duì)某事物或事產(chǎn)生不好的影響。

例:Exposure to intense light affects one’s eyes adversely.暴露在強(qiáng)光之下會(huì)損害眼睛。

③ 指對(duì)另外一個(gè)人感情上的影響,感染,感動(dòng)。例:Music affects some people very strongly.音樂對(duì)一些人有強(qiáng)烈的感染力。

He was much affected at the sad sight.他深為這一悲傷的情景所感動(dòng)。

2)influence通常指“不易覺察到的、潛移默化的影響”,往往是間接的,通過說服或以實(shí)際行動(dòng)樹立榜樣而對(duì)他人產(chǎn)生影響。

例:He was influenced by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine.他受到一位中學(xué)教師的影響而學(xué)了醫(yī)。(19)allowance n./tuition n.allowance 的意思是“生活費(fèi),補(bǔ)貼”;tuition的意思是“學(xué)費(fèi)”。

例:They gave her a small allowance but didn’t pretend to like her work.他們給她一小筆生活費(fèi),但對(duì)她的工作卻不甚滿意。

At this school the tuition is free,but you have to pay for the books you need.這所學(xué)校免收學(xué)費(fèi),但書費(fèi)要你自己負(fù)擔(dān)。(20)amaze v./amuse v.這兩個(gè)詞詞形相近,容易混。amaze的意思是“使驚愕,使驚訝”;amuse的意思是“使開心,使高興”。這兩個(gè)詞用于被動(dòng)式時(shí),后而都接介詞at(be amazed/amused at sth.)。例:She was amazed at the man’s sympathy with life.這個(gè)男人對(duì)生命的同情態(tài)度讓她感到很驚訝。A clown’s job is to amuse the spectators.馬戲團(tuán)小丑的工作就是逗觀眾開心。

(21)announce v./declare v./claim v.announce的意思是“通知,宣布(結(jié)果,決定等)”;declare的意思是“宣布(公告,法律等),聲明”;claim意為“聲稱,要求得到,認(rèn)領(lǐng)”。

例:She announced that the singer would give one extra song.她宣布歌手將再加唱一首歌。

The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations.中美雙方宣布了雙邊外交關(guān)系的正常化。

They declared martial law in the mining communities.他們宣布對(duì)礦區(qū)實(shí)行軍事管制。

If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it? 請(qǐng)這部相機(jī)的失主前來認(rèn)領(lǐng)。

She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!她聲稱自己的鋼琴彈得與Themelis一樣棒。(22)annoyed a./upset a.annoyed的意思是“不快的,惱火的”(比angry的程度要低),從生氣的角度講不高興;upset的意思是“不高興,難過,不舒服”,從感到別扭的角度講不高興。例:She was annoyed at your saying that.你這么說讓她很不自在。

I’ll be quite upset now, if you don’t come.如果你不來,我會(huì)很不安的。

(23)apparatus n./instrument n./device n./appliance n.apparatus主要指“器械,裝置,儀器,器官”;instrument主要指“儀器,工具,樂器”;device指“器具,裝置,儀表,手段”;appliance指“器具,器械,家用電器等”。例:The television men set up their apparatus, ready to film.攝制組的人架好機(jī)器準(zhǔn)備開拍。

All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use.手術(shù)前,所有手術(shù)器械必須消毒。

The television receiver is an electronic device.電視接收機(jī)是一種電子設(shè)備。

The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances.廚房裝備了現(xiàn)代化的炊事用具。(24)appoint v./assign v.appoint的意思是“任命,指派,委任”,后多跟職位一類的名詞;assign的相關(guān)意思是“分配,分派,指定”,后多跟具體的工作。

例:They appointed him Minister of Education.他們?nèi)蚊麨榻逃块L。

She was appointed to the Chairmanship of the Committee.她被任命為委員會(huì)的主席。

The problem was assigned to a commission.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)交給了一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)去處理。I assign you to wash the dishes.我分配你去洗盤子。

(25)approach n./method n.這兩個(gè)詞都可以表示方法。approach常指“針對(duì)某一問題的解決處理方法”,后跟介詞to;method泛指“任何方法”,適用范圍比approach要廣,后常跟介詞of。例:There is no very easy approach to mathematics.數(shù)學(xué)研究上沒有什么捷徑。

It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening.很奇怪,他們?cè)趺磿?huì)選擇這種方式來打發(fā)這個(gè)晚上。(26)approve v./permit v./admit v.approve指較正式地對(duì)某種事情表示認(rèn)可、贊同或批準(zhǔn);permit指允許、不禁止某人干某事;admit指容納,允許進(jìn)入,承認(rèn)。

例:The mayoress approved the new building plans.女市長批準(zhǔn)了新建筑計(jì)劃。

She won’t permit dogs in the house.她不準(zhǔn)許家中有狗。He was admitted to the commission.他被該委員會(huì)接納。(27)arise v./arouse v.arise是不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生,出現(xiàn)”;arouse是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“引起,激起,喚起”。例:A democratic movement has arisen.一場民主運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。We aroused him from his deep sleep.我們把他從睡夢(mèng)中喚醒。(28)assemble v./resemble v.這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近,assemble意為“集中,集合,裝配”;resemble意為“相像”。例:People began to assemble on the platform.人們開始向月臺(tái)聚集。In that factory they can assemble a car in less than 15 minutes.在那家工廠,工人們不到15分種就裝配好一部汽車。Smith resembles his father very much in all his ways.史密斯各方面都象他的父親。

(29)assure v./ensure v./insure v./reassure v.assure和ensure都有“保證,確保”之意。assure指十分肯定地向某人保證某事一定要發(fā)生,使其放心,因此后面往往跟人做賓語。ensure則強(qiáng)調(diào)能保證某種行為或某事件的結(jié)果一定發(fā)生。insure特指保險(xiǎn),替??做保險(xiǎn);reassure意為“使人放心,使人安心,再向??保證”。例:I assure you of the reliability of the information.我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的。

Ensure that it is written into your contract.你得保證把這一點(diǎn)寫到合同中去。Is your house insured against fire? 你的房子做了防火保險(xiǎn)了嗎?

The woman was worried about the dangers of taking aspirins, but her doctor reassured her.這名婦女擔(dān)心服用阿司匹林會(huì)帶來危險(xiǎn),她的醫(yī)生讓她放心,不會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)的。(30)assess v./access n.這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音很相近,容易搞混。assess是動(dòng)詞,意為“評(píng)估,估價(jià)”;access是名詞,意為“通路,能接近或使用”,后常跟介詞to。

例:The value of the property has been assessed at $70,000.這處房產(chǎn)的估價(jià)為7萬美元。

They sent someone to assess the value of the factory.他們派人去評(píng)估那家工廠的價(jià)值。

The only access to the building is along the muddy track.通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是這條泥濘的小路。

Only senior students have the access to this reading room.只有高年級(jí)的同學(xué)才能進(jìn)這間閱覽室。

(31)attach v./stick v.attach的主要意思是“附加,附著”,強(qiáng)調(diào)附加;stick的主要意思是“粘貼,貼附于,緊貼著,固定”,強(qiáng)調(diào)緊密。

例:Wires are then attached to the ends of the electrodes.然后將導(dǎo)線接到電極的一端。

There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem attached.每人都有一份禮物,每份禮物都附有一首得體的小詩。Just stick 2 stamps on the envelope.在信封上貼上兩張郵票。

He stuck a rose in his buttonhole.他在扣眼里插了一枝玫瑰。

(32)attribute to/owe to/due to attribute to意為“歸因于,認(rèn)為是??的結(jié)果”;owe to意為“??應(yīng)歸功于??”;due to意為“由于,因??造成,歸功于”,常用作表語或狀語。

例:Mr.Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living.杜德先生把自己的健康體魄歸功于審慎的生活方式。If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to you.如果我有所進(jìn)步的話,那應(yīng)該歸功于你。His absence was due to the storm.由于風(fēng)暴他未能出席。

He failed due to carelessness.他的粗心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。

(33)wake v./awake v.&a./waken v./awaken v.wake為動(dòng)詞,意思是“叫醒,醒來,喚醒”;awake意為“醒來,叫醒”,作形容詞時(shí)意為“醒著”;waken是動(dòng)詞,意為“叫醒,鬧醒”;awaken是動(dòng)詞,意為“叫醒”,多用于引申意義“覺醒,引起”。這四個(gè)詞中最常用的是wake,尤其在口語中;awake和awaken多用其引申意義;awake常用作不及物動(dòng)詞;awaken/waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞。

例:My brother wakes at seven each morning.我弟弟每天早上7點(diǎn)鐘醒來。This at once awakened suspicion.9 這馬上引起了大家的懷疑。

When he awoke Joseph was beside him.當(dāng)他醒來時(shí),約瑟夫就在他身邊。The national spirit awoke.民族精神覺醒了。

She gently wakened the sleeping child.她輕輕地叫醒熟睡的孩子。(34)award v.&n./prize v.&n.award作動(dòng)詞意為“發(fā)給??獎(jiǎng)品等”,作名詞意為“獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金等”;prize作動(dòng)詞意為“珍視”,作名詞意為“獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金”,也可以指“寶貴的物或人”,prize還可以作形容詞,意為“獲獎(jiǎng)的”。例:The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.奧林匹克冠軍獲得了金牌的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。They awarded him the Nobel prize.他們?yōu)樗C發(fā)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。

Prizes will be given for the three best stories.三部最佳作品將獲獎(jiǎng)。

Jane soon became popular for a prize rose.簡因那枝獲獎(jiǎng)玫瑰而遠(yuǎn)近聞名。As a secretary she was a prize.她真是一個(gè)不可多得的秘書。(35)aware a./notice v.&n.aware意為“意識(shí)到的,認(rèn)識(shí)到的”,常用詞組be aware of;notice意為“注意到,察覺到”,notice還可以作名詞,意為“通知,注意”。

例:She was not aware of his presence till he spoke to her.直到他跟她講話她才注意到他的存在。She is politically aware.她很有政治頭腦。

Did you notice anything else peculiar? 你有沒有注意到任何特別的東西? They sent me a notice.他們給我發(fā)了一個(gè)通知。

(36)behave v./conduct v./act v.behave指人的行為、舉止和表現(xiàn)。本為不及物動(dòng)詞,但用作此義時(shí)可與反身代詞連用;conduct與behave在作“行為”、“舉止”講時(shí)同義,但強(qiáng)調(diào)自我控制、約束;act作“行為”、“舉止”講時(shí),為不及物動(dòng)詞,不能和反身代詞連用。

例:The child behaved(himself)badly at the party.那孩子在聚會(huì)上的表現(xiàn)很差。

She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief.她悲傷時(shí),表現(xiàn)出奇的冷靜。She acts like a born leader.她的舉止象個(gè)天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。(37)blame v./scold v.blame的意思是“責(zé)備,怪罪,埋怨”;scold的意思是“(厲聲)責(zé)罵,斥責(zé)”。例:I don’t blame you, I blame myself.我不怪你,我怪我自己。

He blamed his failure on his teacher.他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。

Her father scolded her for being too free with the soldiers.她父親斥責(zé)她與這些兵交往太隨便。(38)breed v./feed v.breed意為“養(yǎng)殖,培育,繁殖,教養(yǎng)”;feed意為“喂養(yǎng),飼養(yǎng)”。例:Some animals will not breed when kept in cages.有些動(dòng)物關(guān)在籠子里就會(huì)很難繁殖。Many farmers breed cows and sheep.許多農(nóng)民養(yǎng)牛和羊。

She was feeding the baby with porridge.她正用粥喂自己的寶寶。

The cows were feeding quietly in the meadows.牛群在草地上靜靜地吃草。(39)burden n./load n.burden意為“負(fù)擔(dān),包袱,擔(dān)子”,多為貶義;load意為“裝載物,負(fù)荷,工作量”,也可指“思想上的負(fù)擔(dān),壓力”。

例:They don’t want to add to the government’s burden.他們不想給政府添包袱。

He was faced with the severe financial burden.他面臨著嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。

The bridge has been built to support very heavy load.建這座橋是為了使重載車也能通過。The load on her mind grew lighter.她的思想負(fù)擔(dān)輕了許多。

(40)campaign n./champion n.這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近,容易弄混。campaign意為“(競選)運(yùn)動(dòng),戰(zhàn)役”;champion意為“冠軍”。例:The Germans were defeated in the campaign in North Africa.德國人在北非戰(zhàn)役中打了敗仗。

The Party suggested a renewed campaign to raise production and practise economy.該黨建議發(fā)起新的一輪運(yùn)動(dòng)來提高生產(chǎn),發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。

The champion issued a challenge to all other boxers to fight him.拳擊冠軍向所有其他拳擊手發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)。

(41)canal n./channel n./tunnel n.canal意為“運(yùn)河等人工開鑿的河流”;channel的意思是“海峽,渠道”,頻道;tunnel的意思是“隧道,地道”。

例:The big canal was completed in five years.修建這條大運(yùn)河花了5年時(shí)間。

The English Channel separates France from England.英吉利海峽將英法兩國隔開。

You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help.如果你想得到政府的幫助,你就必須通過官方渠道。

The railroad passes under the mountain through a tunnel.鐵路經(jīng)隧道從大山下面通過。

(42)candidate n./applicant n./competitor n./representative n.candidate意為“候選人,應(yīng)征者”;applicant意為“申請(qǐng)人”;competitor意為“競賽對(duì)手”;representative意為“代表”。

例:This time our candidate got 260 votes.這一次我們的候選人獲得了260張選票。There were three applicants for the job.這項(xiàng)工作有3個(gè)人申請(qǐng)。

Tell the competitors for the next race to come here.告訴下一項(xiàng)比賽的參賽者到這里來。

James is our representative at the meeting.詹姆斯在會(huì)上是代表我們的。

(43)cargo n./commodity n./goods n.cargo一般指“船或飛機(jī)運(yùn)載的貨物”;commodity意為“商品”;goods用來泛指“商品,貨物等”。例:These planes can carry a cargo of six tons.這些飛機(jī)能運(yùn)載6噸貨物。

Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad.葡萄酒是法國向海外銷售的許多商品之一。

The goods were brought round early this morning.今天一大早,這些貨物就被帶來。

Consumer goods production was to go up by 7 percent.消費(fèi)品生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃增長7%。

(44)case n./condition n./situation n./occasion n.case常指事物的特定情況,事情真相和始末,如“病例”、“案件”等;condition指某時(shí)某處事情發(fā)展、存在的狀況、狀態(tài)或條件,一個(gè)人的“感覺如何”;situation往往指一組情況或一些情況的綜合,常譯為“情況”、“形勢(shì)”;occasion指特定的“時(shí)機(jī)”、“場合”、“良機(jī)”。例:All the people involved in this case must be present.所有與這起案件有關(guān)的人都必須到場。

Conditions in the office made concentration impossible.辦公室的狀況根本不可能使人專心。

The current international situation is not optimistic.目前的國際形勢(shì)不容樂觀。

It is not very suitable to sing such a song on this formal occasion.在這種場合唱這樣一首歌是不太合適的。

(45)chance n./opportunity n./advantage n./fortune n.chance著重指偶然或意外的可能,有時(shí)也指“好機(jī)會(huì)”,這時(shí)可用“opportunity”替代;opportunity著重指“好機(jī)會(huì)”,帶有“適逢其時(shí)、正好便于行事”之意;advantage指有利的條件或優(yōu)勢(shì);fortune指人“交好運(yùn)氣”,有一定迷信的色彩。例:There is a chance that I will see him these days.這幾天我有可能見到他。

The 2008 Olympic Games will bring us many opportunities and challenges.2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)將給我們帶來許多機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。It is to your advantage to invest wisely.明智地投資對(duì)你很有利。

It is also believed that fireworks will bring good fortune in the coming year.據(jù)說放鞭炮還能為人們?cè)谛碌囊荒昀飵砗眠\(yùn)氣。

(46)contest n./match n./game n./play n./competition n.contest指“人與人之間進(jìn)行爭奪以取得優(yōu)勝”之意;match指對(duì)手之間進(jìn)行的比賽、競賽等力量或智慧較量,通常指具體的比賽;game指決勝負(fù)的游戲,通常有一套規(guī)則;美國稱比賽為game,英國稱比賽為match;play最一般用語,指通過游戲或運(yùn)動(dòng)達(dá)到娛樂目的文體活動(dòng);competition指對(duì)手之間以某種手段或智慧、力量等壓倒對(duì)方而取勝。

例:She got the first prize in a recent beauty contest.她在最近的選美比賽中奪冠。

A critical football match is being transmitted on CCTV 5.中央五套正在轉(zhuǎn)播一場關(guān)鍵的足球比賽。

The team is preparing for taking part in the coming winter games.這支隊(duì)伍正在為即將舉行的冬運(yùn)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。

The school uses some methods which combine language lessens with the play.這所學(xué)校采用了某些方法,將語言課與玩耍結(jié)合起來。

To get the advantage in the competition, you must have enough preparation in advance.為了在競爭中取得優(yōu)勢(shì),你必須之前做好充足的準(zhǔn)備。

(47)carry out/perform/realize/come true/come into being carry out指把預(yù)定的計(jì)劃、規(guī)則等變成現(xiàn)實(shí),其意相當(dāng)于fulfill;perform是do的正規(guī)說法,指“執(zhí)行”、“進(jìn)行”某種任務(wù)或計(jì)劃等;realize指把夢(mèng)想、理想、雄心等變成現(xiàn)實(shí),為及物動(dòng)詞;come true不及物用法,指夢(mèng)想、理想等隨時(shí)間前進(jìn)而變成現(xiàn)實(shí);come into being指原來沒有的事物現(xiàn)在“開始存在”或“產(chǎn)生出來”。

例:It is time for us to carry out this plan.是我們實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃的時(shí)候了。The surgeon performed the operation.醫(yī)師做了手術(shù)。

He has finally realized his dream as a writer in his childhood.他終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了他童年時(shí)代想成為作家的夢(mèng)想。

His dream as a writer in his childhood comes true finally.他童年時(shí)代想成為作家的夢(mèng)想終于變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。

Recently a new anti-Japan trend has come into being.最近產(chǎn)生了一股新的反日傾向。

(48)compose v./compile v./create v./produce v./conceive v.compose指把各種材料和構(gòu)思編排成文章、樂曲等;compile著重指匯集資料而后加工成書籍、詞典等;create著重指從無到有地進(jìn)行“創(chuàng)造”、“創(chuàng)作”等;produce最一般用詞,指通過一切方法“提出”或“生產(chǎn)”、“制造”出產(chǎn)品或思想成果;conceive指頭腦經(jīng)過思考、想像“想出”主意、辦法、假設(shè)等。例:The great musician composed a wonderful musical piece during a night.這名偉大的音樂家在一夜之間就創(chuàng)作出了一首精美絕倫的音樂作品。It will take a long time and energy to compile a dictionary.編撰一本字典要耗費(fèi)很多的時(shí)間和精力。

create a poem 創(chuàng)作一首詩;create a new life 創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新的生命 produce a videotape 制作一個(gè)錄影帶;produce a car 生產(chǎn)汽車

The sales manager has been conceiving a plan to increase profits all the night.銷售經(jīng)理整晚都在構(gòu)想一個(gè)增加利潤的計(jì)劃。(49)companion n./fellow n.companion意為“同胞,伙伴,志趣相投的人”;fellow意為“同伴,同伙,家伙,一起共事的人”。例:My fellow travelers made good companions.我的旅伴是不錯(cuò)的搭檔。

The boy went to join his fellows on the playing field.這孩了到操場上和其他小朋友玩起來。

(50)competent a./capable a./qualified a.這三個(gè)詞都有可以做某事的意思,competent主要指“能勝任,稱職,具有某種技能”;capable指“能干,有能力”,常用詞組be capable of;qualified主要指“合格,有資格做某事”。例:Be sure to get a competent electrician for the job.一定要找一位稱職的電氣工程師來做這個(gè)工作。John is a very capable and very intelligent boy.約翰是一個(gè)非常有能力、非常聰明的孩子。

I don’t believe she is capable of winning the game.我不相信她有能力贏得這項(xiàng)比賽。

I am a qualified doctor, who will not hurt you.我是位合格的醫(yī)生,不會(huì)傷害你的。(51)component n./element n.component意為“部件,元件,成分”,強(qiáng)調(diào)每部分是獨(dú)立的、與其他不同的個(gè)體;element意為“元素,成分,要素”,強(qiáng)調(diào)每部分為最小的、不可再分的元素或單元。

例:The engine has more than 300 components, made of a number of different materials.這部引擎有300多個(gè)不同材料制成的零件。

Carbon is an element, while carbon dioxide is a compound.碳是一種元素,二氧化碳是一種化合物。

Honesty, industry, and kindness are elements of a good life.誠實(shí)、勤勞和善良是美好生活的要素。

(52)conserve v./reserve v./preserve v.conserve意為“保存,保護(hù),節(jié)約”;reserve意為“保留,預(yù)定”;preserve意為“保存,保持,腌制,防腐”。

例:We must conserve our woodlands for future generations.我們必須為子孫后代保護(hù)好我們的林地。

I reserve the right to make my own decisions.我保留自己做決定的權(quán)利。

I reserved a table for four at Newland restaurant.我在新大陸餐館定了一張四人桌。

A commission was set up to preserve historical houses in the city.成立了一個(gè)委員會(huì)來保護(hù)城里的那些歷史建筑。Policemen preserve order in the streets.警察在街上維持秩序。

Fish are preserved in ice and salt until they are sold.魚在出售前一直存放在冰和鹽當(dāng)中。(53)convert v./transform v.convert意為“改變,轉(zhuǎn)變(信仰等)”,主要指把事物從一種狀態(tài)改變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài),使其有了新的用途或特征;transform意為“變形,改變”,主要指外形,外表上的改變。例:These machines convert cotton into cloth.這些機(jī)器將棉花變成布。

Many Africans were converted to Christianity.許多非洲人皈依了基督教。

He transformed the old kitchen into a beautiful sitting room.他把一間舊廚房改造成一間美麗的客廳。(54)convince v./persuade v.convince意為“說服,使相信”;persuade意為“勸人做,使同意做,使相信”。例:I am not quite convinced by what he has said.他的話還不足以讓我信服。

He convinced me that Howard was innocent.他使我相信霍華德是無辜的。

She persuaded Shelley to adopt a new job.她勸告雪莉接受新的工作。

She persuaded him that she was telling the truth.她使他確信她說的是實(shí)情。(55)crash v./crush v./smash v.crash指“車輛、飛機(jī)等的碰撞”;crush指“軋碎,輾碎”;smash指“打碎,摔碎”。例:I dropped the plate and it smashed.我失手將盤子掉在地上摔碎了。

One of his legs was crushed in an accident.他的一條腿在車禍中軋斷了。

The airplane crashed into a house.那架飛機(jī)撞到了一所民宅上。

(56)danger n./risk n./hazard n.這三個(gè)詞都可以用來表示危險(xiǎn)。danger意為“面臨危險(xiǎn)的可能性或?qū)嶋H存在的危險(xiǎn),災(zāi)害”;risk與danger相比,意味著更多的遭受損失或失敗的可能性,常用來指“有風(fēng)險(xiǎn),冒著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做某事”;hazard較danger更正式,多指“無法預(yù)見,無法控制的危險(xiǎn)”。

例:They held a discussion to reduce the danger of military confrontation between the two nations.他們開會(huì)討論了如何降低兩國間發(fā)生軍事沖突的危險(xiǎn)。There is a risk of you catching cold.你有患感冒的危險(xiǎn)。

The disease is spreading and all children under 5 are at risk.這種病正在蔓延,5歲以下的兒童都有染上該病的危險(xiǎn)。Icy road is a hazard to all the drivers, especially the green hand.結(jié)冰的公路對(duì)所有的司機(jī)來說都是一種危險(xiǎn),對(duì)新手來說尤其如此。(57)decline v./reduce v./decrease v.decline指“數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、重要性等慢慢減弱,下降,衰退的過程”;reduce多指“范圍、強(qiáng)度、數(shù)量的減少,降低”,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,主語往往是人;decrease意為“減少,降低”,強(qiáng)調(diào)減少,衰退的過程。例:During the crisis years the production of coal declined 41.6 percent.經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)期間煤產(chǎn)量降低了41.6%。

We have reduced the price of the coat from $100 to $50.我們將這款外套的價(jià)格從100美元降到了50美元。Water consumption decreased during the winter.冬天耗水量下降了。

(58)defect n./fault n./mistake n./error n.這四個(gè)詞容易弄混,實(shí)際上可分為兩組:defect, fault指毛病、缺點(diǎn);mistake和error指錯(cuò)誤。defect指表面上的缺陷或人或物本質(zhì)上的缺點(diǎn),尤指生產(chǎn)品所存在的缺陷,著重指由于某種欠缺而影響到產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量,以致完全妨礙了某種功能的發(fā)揮。fault側(cè)重于造成錯(cuò)誤的個(gè)人責(zé)任,還可指人或物的缺點(diǎn)。fault指物時(shí),特指缺乏某種要素而不完善,有毛病,過失。mistake指錯(cuò)誤,由于有缺陷的判斷,知識(shí)不足或粗心造成的失誤或錯(cuò)誤。error指錯(cuò)誤,比較正式,常用于表現(xiàn)無意識(shí)地偏離正確的行為、主張或信念。例:The machine is unsafe because of the defects in it.這臺(tái)機(jī)器因?yàn)橛忻。话踩e suffers from a hearing defect.他聽覺有毛病。

例:There is a small electrical fault in the motor.馬達(dá)里的電路上有個(gè)小毛病。He could never accept the fact that he had been at fault.他無法接受自己有錯(cuò)這個(gè)事實(shí)。例:This mistake was made entirely through your fault.這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤完全歸咎于你。The waiter made a mistake over the bill.服務(wù)員把賬算錯(cuò)了。Your paper is full of spelling mistakes.你的論文拼寫錯(cuò)誤很多。It is a mistake to leave my camera at home.把攝像機(jī)留在家里真是失策。

Professor Zhang found a technical error in your paper.張教授在你的論文中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)技術(shù)性的錯(cuò)誤。The accident was the result of human error.這事故是人為的錯(cuò)誤造成的。

(59)despair n.&v./desperate a.despair是名詞和動(dòng)詞,意為“沮喪,絕望,灰心喪氣等”,常與in一起搭配;desperate是形容詞,意為“絕望的,迫切的,不顧后果的”。例:Susan cried loudly in despair.蘇珊絕望地失聲痛哭。

Don’t despair, things will get better soon.別灰心,情況很快就會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的。

He was desperate after the failure of his last attempt.最后一次嘗試失敗后,他絕望了。

The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape.囚犯們不顧一切地企圖越獄逃跑。

(60)deserve v./justified a./reasonable a.deserve是動(dòng)詞,意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)享受??,值得??,應(yīng)當(dāng)(受到)??”;justified為“有道理的,正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籸easonable意為“合情合理的,公道的,公平的”。

例:Mary really deserves a long holiday after two weeks’ work on end.瑪麗連續(xù)工作了兩個(gè)星期,她的確應(yīng)享受一次長假。I’m perfectly willing to pay reasonable price.我非常愿意為一個(gè)合理的價(jià)格付款。

The editor is justified in refusing your lousy report.你這份報(bào)導(dǎo)寫得真糟糕,編輯當(dāng)然要拒發(fā)了。

(61)distinguish v./identify v.distinguish意為“區(qū)分,識(shí)別”,多與from,between等介詞連用;identify意為“認(rèn)出,識(shí)別出”。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)區(qū)分兩個(gè)事物的差異,而后者多指從中認(rèn)出,證明(是誰,是什么)。例:It was difficult to distinguish anything in the dark.黑暗中很難辨清物體。

Can you distinguish cotton cloth from nylon? 你能分清棉布和尼龍制品嗎?

Could you identify your bicycle among a hundred others? 你能從100輛車中認(rèn)出自己的自行車嗎?

Fred identified the bag as his by telling what it contained.弗雷德講出了包內(nèi)存放物,從而認(rèn)領(lǐng)了自己的包。

(62)discover n./invent n./conceive n./devise n.discover指首次“發(fā)現(xiàn)”原來早已存在的事物;invent指根據(jù)某種原理首次“研制”、“創(chuàng)造”、“發(fā)明”某種新東西;conceive構(gòu)想出某種主意、方案或計(jì)劃,著重指用腦筋設(shè)想、想像;devise著重指從多種可能性中反復(fù)研磨、試驗(yàn),想出某種計(jì)劃或設(shè)計(jì)出新東西。

例:Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。Who invented the steam engine? 誰發(fā)明了蒸汽機(jī)? He is conceiving a new novel.他正在構(gòu)思一部新的小說。

The man devised a new system for handling mails after experimenting many times.這個(gè)人在經(jīng)過反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)后設(shè)計(jì)出了一種新的信件處理系統(tǒng)。(63)disturb v./bother v./interrupt v.disturb意為“打擾,擾亂,使不安”,多用被動(dòng)語態(tài),指程度較深的煩惱,甚至心理方面的失常;bother意為“打擾,麻煩,費(fèi)心”,常指暫時(shí)的,無關(guān)緊要的閑擾,在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中bother有“有意打擾”的含義;interrupt意為“打斷,使中斷”。例如: The child continually disturbed the class.這個(gè)孩子不斷地?cái)_亂課堂秩序。

Emotionally disturbed children need special care and treatment.情感失調(diào)的孩子需要特別的關(guān)懷和治療。

I’m sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time? 對(duì)不起,打擾你了,請(qǐng)問幾點(diǎn)了? Don’t bother about meeting me.不必費(fèi)心來見我。

It is not polite to interrupt a speaker.打斷別人的講話很不禮貌。He interrupted his work to answer the question.他中斷了自己的工作來回答問題。(64)diversity n./variety n.diversity是不可數(shù)名詞,有時(shí)作單數(shù)用,前面可加冠詞a,意為“多種多樣”,多指從總體的角度看里面包含著很多不同的東西;variety既是可數(shù)名詞也是不可數(shù)名同,作為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),意為“各種各樣”,多指從個(gè)體的角度看每個(gè)個(gè)體都與其他不同,不單調(diào),有變化。

例:Mary has a great diversity of interests;she likes sports, travel and photography.瑪麗興趣廣泛,她喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、旅游和攝影。

What the students requested most often was variety within the lesson hour.學(xué)生們最經(jīng)常的要求就是課堂上要花樣翻新。

(65)durable a./permanent a./perpetual a./long-lasting a.durable指衣物的經(jīng)久耐用或友誼、和平或品德等經(jīng)得起考驗(yàn)的性質(zhì);permanent指永久不變的,如“永久的”住宅、地址或職業(yè)等;long-lasting指事物的曠日持久、歷時(shí)已久的性質(zhì)。例:a durable fabric 耐穿織物;a durable friendship 持久的友誼 The universal human are yearning for a permanent peace.全人類都在渴望實(shí)現(xiàn)一種永恒的和平。

Solving the pollution problem is a long-lasting battle.解決污染問題是一場曠日持久的戰(zhàn)役。(66)environment n./surroundings n.surroundings 指一個(gè)人四周的生活環(huán)境,是從周圍事物這一客觀著眼。environment指包括空氣、水、人類等在內(nèi)的生態(tài)環(huán)境、自然環(huán)境,也可指精神環(huán)境,均從環(huán)境對(duì)人的感受、道德及觀念的影響著眼。例:The guest house stands in picturesque surroundings.賓館四周環(huán)境優(yōu)美如畫。Everyone prefers to live in clean and comfortable surroundings· 人人都愿意生活在清潔舒適的環(huán)境中。

A child’s character is greatly influenced by his home environment.孩子的性格受家庭影響很大。

(67)examination n./investigation n./inspection n.examination一般用詞,可指粗略的察看或?qū)κ挛锏募?xì)節(jié)也進(jìn)行細(xì)致的考察;investigation指對(duì)某一事件、案件進(jìn)行的從頭至尾的調(diào)查研究;inspection強(qiáng)調(diào)按照確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)事物進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)、視察。例:When shall we receive the examination results?(= exam)我們什么時(shí)候可以收到考試結(jié)果? a medical examination體格檢查

The police investigation will take weeks.警察的調(diào)查將進(jìn)行幾個(gè)星期。

The mayor made an inspection of the school.市長視察了這所學(xué)校。

(68)extend v./expand v./expend v./stretch v./spread v./scatter v.extend意為“延伸,擴(kuò)展,伸出”;expand意為“張開,展開,膨脹”;expend意為“用掉,耗費(fèi)掉”;stretch指把某樣?xùn)|西變長,通常不是加長,而是用拉伸的方法使之變長;spread指使某物攤開、展開或消息等向四面八方傳播開;scatter指把種子、垃圾或其他碎物撒開。例:She extended both hands towards her mother.她向母親伸出雙臂。The road extends for miles.這條路綿延數(shù)英里。

He expanded his short story into a novel.他將自己的一篇短篇小說擴(kuò)展為一部長篇小說。Metal expands by heating.金屬加熱后會(huì)延展。

They had expended a great amount of time on the project.他們?cè)谶@項(xiàng)工程上耗費(fèi)了許多時(shí)間。

He tried to stretch the banner between two poles.他努力把旗在兩桿之間拉直。

spread her fingers張開手指;spread the news 傳播消息

We spread the bicycle parts out on the floor.我們將自行車零件在地板上攤開。

The farmer scattered the corn in the yard for the hens.農(nóng)民把谷子撒在院子里喂雞。

(69)feeling n./emotion n./passion n.均可表示“感情”。feeling泛指一般的情緒,在心理學(xué)上特指受到外界刺激所產(chǎn)生的感覺。emotion指受到刺激所產(chǎn)生的喜怒哀樂等激動(dòng)情緒。passion指往往不能自持的極強(qiáng)烈的情緒,如強(qiáng)烈的憤怒、愛好、戀情、情欲等。

例:a feeling of happiness幸福感;a feeling of shame羞愧感 His voice was choked with emotion.他激動(dòng)得說不出話來。My current passion is to play chess.我現(xiàn)在的激情是下棋。(70)fragment n./segment n.fragment意為“片段,碎片”,強(qiáng)調(diào)不完整,碎的概念;segment意為“瓣,事物(如網(wǎng))的一段等”,突出一部分的概念。

例:She dropped the bowl on the floor, and it broke into fragments.她失手將碗掉在地板上摔成碎片。

He overheard fragments of their conversation.他偷聽到他們談話的一些片段。

An orange is easily pulled apart into its segments.我們可以很容易地把桔子剝成一瓣一瓣的。The shaded part is a segment of the circle.陰影部分是圓的一部分。

(71)gather v./assemble v./collect v.gather指把東西集中在一起或把人召集在一起。assemble指裝配,集合,聚集。這個(gè)詞表明所涉及的人或物有確定的通常是緊密的聯(lián)系,表示涉及的人是出于共同的興趣或目的而聚集。collect指為了特定的目的把東西經(jīng)過仔細(xì)挑選后收集起來。

例:A group of students gathered in front of the administration building.一群學(xué)生聚集在行政大樓前面。

assemble the jury召集陪審團(tuán);assemble a machine裝配機(jī)器 collect antiques收集古物;collect stamps集郵

(72)glimpse v.&n./glance v.&n.19 glimpse意為“瞥見一眼”,有時(shí)表示一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),多從結(jié)果的角度講,常用于短語get a glimpse of/catch a glimpse of;glance意為“很快地看一眼,一瞥”,多從動(dòng)作的角度講,常與at連用,詞組為at a glance, glance through/over。

例:We glimpsed the field through the trees.透過樹叢我們瞥了一眼田野。

We caught a glimpse of his face as he ran past.他從我們身邊跑過時(shí),我們看了一眼他的長相。I knew a glimpse of truth.我了解一些真相。

I had a glimpse of his true feelings when I saw how worried he was.當(dāng)我看到他是如此著急時(shí),我隱約意識(shí)到一點(diǎn)他的真實(shí)情感。I took a glance at the book.我飛快地瀏覽了一下這本書。She glanced quickly at them all.她很快地掃了他們一眼。(73)ignore v./neglect v.ignore意為“漠視,不理睬”;neglect意為“忽視,遺漏,疏忽”。例:Ann ignored her friend’s confusion.安娜不理睬她的朋友現(xiàn)在迷惑不解的樣子。

The boy was so rude that we decided to ignore him.那個(gè)男孩太粗魯,我們決定不去理睬他。You’re neglecting your work.你工作太不上心了。

I’ve neglected to clean your room this morning.今天早上我忘記打掃你的房間了。(74)ill a./sick a./faint v.ill指“不健康”,“壞”;英語用ill作表語當(dāng)“生病”講,美國則用sick。sick作“生病”講,美國更常用,此外,常指“惡心”、“想嘔吐”、“討厭”等意。faint指“頭暈”、“失神無力”。例:The child has been ill-treated in the orphan house.這孩子在孤兒院里一直受虐待。

ill effects副作用

She feels sick in buses.她在公共汽車上覺得很惡心。She fainted because of the heat.她熱昏過去了。

(75)equipment n./facility n./appliance n./instrument n.equipment指成套的裝備,設(shè)備,器具;facility指服務(wù)性的設(shè)施或?yàn)槭怪饕O(shè)備工作方便而造的輔助設(shè)備;appliance指用于特定目的的工具,器具或家用器具等;instrument指科研、實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器或樂器等。例:office equipment 辦公室設(shè)備;travel equipment旅行設(shè)備 public facilities公共設(shè)施;health care facilities.醫(yī)療保健設(shè)施 household appliances家用電器

musical instrument樂器;optical instrument光學(xué)儀器(76)imply v./suggest v./infer v.20 imply指暗含某種意思而不明言的“暗示”;suggest指用間接的、旁敲側(cè)擊的辦法表示出自己的看法;infer表示推斷, 指由證據(jù)或根據(jù)得出結(jié)論或由特定情況推測(cè)。例:Silence sometimes implies consent.沉默有時(shí)暗指同意。His erect and careless attitude suggested assurance and power.他直截了當(dāng)和粗心的態(tài)度讓人想到確信和力量。

I infer from your letter that you have not made up your mind yet.我從你信中推想,你還沒有下決心。

(77)initiate v./launch v./start v./set off initiate用在較正式的場合,表示“發(fā)起”、“提議”,口語可用begin替代;launch指公開地有一定聲勢(shì)地“發(fā)起”或“開始, ”某項(xiàng)事業(yè)或運(yùn)動(dòng);start指事物從靜止?fàn)顩r開始運(yùn)動(dòng),或開始某種實(shí)際活動(dòng)等;set off常指“動(dòng)身”、“出發(fā)”或“引起”某種突然的行動(dòng)。

例:The two countries initiated their trade with each other until recently.直到最近兩國之間才開始貿(mào)易往來。

The organization launched a campaign to support environmental protection.該組織發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)來支持環(huán)境保護(hù)。

It is three years since he started his studies in the college.自從他開始在那所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)是三年了。What else should we do before we set off ? 在我們動(dòng)身前還有其他什么要做的嗎?

(78)intend v./volunteer v./offer v./attempt v.intend指內(nèi)心中具有某種尚不明確的意向或決定,即“意欲”、“想要”干什么;volunteer強(qiáng)調(diào)出自個(gè)人內(nèi)心的自覺自愿的行動(dòng);offer指主動(dòng)地向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh、給予奉獻(xiàn)或幫助等;attempt指嘗試采取某種行動(dòng)以觀察是否能夠成功,暗指對(duì)其行動(dòng)的結(jié)果缺乏成功的把握。例:I intend to go shopping this weekend.Many Chinese college students volunteer to be a teacher in remote and poor area.許多中國大學(xué)生志愿到邊遠(yuǎn)貧困地區(qū)支教。

He offered us his help, which made us grateful.他主動(dòng)提出給我們幫助,讓我們很感動(dòng)。

The criminal attempted to escape, but he failed.那名罪犯企圖逃跑,但是沒有得逞。

(79)merge v./combine v./join v./unite v.merge指數(shù)家公司或商行合并為一家;或使原來的事物在新事物中消失或被吞沒;combine指把原來的事物結(jié)合起來成為新的統(tǒng)一體;join指把一些東西結(jié)合在一起,或連接在一起;unite與combine相近,尤指把各種力量團(tuán)結(jié)成一個(gè)整體,側(cè)重于結(jié)合起來的人或物的協(xié)調(diào)性或一致性。

例:Lately two big software companies has merged, which has aroused wide media concern.最近兩家大的電腦公司合并,引起了媒體的廣泛關(guān)注。

The two principal political parties have combined to form a government.兩個(gè)主要政黨已經(jīng)聯(lián)合起來組成政府。

The children joined hands.孩子們拉起手來。

We must unite together in order to realize our common purposes.為了共同的目標(biāo)我們必須團(tuán)結(jié)起來。

(80)memorize v./remember v./remind v./reflect v.memorize指有目的地記憶一些東西的內(nèi)容;remember指在頭腦中保存著某一事物或印象,加以思索,即可想出;remind指使人回想起某人某事,或提醒某人讓他記住某事;reflect指仔細(xì)思索記憶中的往事,意為“反省”、“細(xì)想”。

例:The computer can memorize and deal with millions of data.這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)能夠存儲(chǔ)并處理數(shù)百萬個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)。Do you remember to lock the door? 記著鎖門了嗎?

These photos remind me of my college life.這些照片使我回想起我的大學(xué)時(shí)光。

You should often reflect the mistakes you have made.你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常反省一下自己曾經(jīng)犯過的錯(cuò)誤。

(81)migrant n./emigrant n./immigrant n.這三個(gè)詞都與移居者有關(guān),由于前綴不同,含義不同:migrant移民,immigrant移入者,即入境移民。emigrant是ex的變體(=out):移出者,即出境移民,指自本國移居他國者。(82)only a./sole a./ single a./ unique a.only常用詞,指“惟一的”,含“不會(huì)再多”之意;sole語氣比 only 強(qiáng),也較莊嚴(yán),指“單獨(dú)的”,即“一類中只有這一個(gè)”;single強(qiáng)調(diào)“單個(gè)的,單一的”;unique指“獨(dú)一無二的”、“無可匹敵的”。例:This is the only solution to our current difficulty.這是解決我們目前的困難的惟一的辦法。The court has the sole right to decide.法庭擁有獨(dú)有的決定權(quán)。

a single room單人間;a single bed單人床

That building is unique because all the others like it were destroyed.那座建筑很獨(dú)特,因?yàn)樗邢袼菢拥钠渌ㄖ細(xì)牧恕#?3)original a./creative a.除了其他意思之外,這兩個(gè)詞都有“創(chuàng)造”的含義。original強(qiáng)調(diào)“原創(chuàng)的”,比creative的含義窄一些,突出發(fā)源地的概念,原創(chuàng)的概念;creative強(qiáng)調(diào)“創(chuàng)造,有創(chuàng)造性”,突出從無到有的創(chuàng)造過程。例:The masses have boundless creative power.人民大眾有著無窮的創(chuàng)造力。

James was one of the most creative writers.詹姆斯是最有創(chuàng)造性的作家之一。

He found it hard to form an original opinion.他覺得很難有新意。

She won an award for the most original design.她獲得了最佳創(chuàng)意設(shè)計(jì)獎(jiǎng)。(84)particular a./special a.particular意為“特殊的,特別的,某一特定的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)相對(duì)general而言的特定性,有時(shí)可與specific互換使用;special意為“專門的,特殊的,獨(dú)特的”,含有不尋常,不一般的意思。例:That particular house is very nice,although the rest of them are not.其他的房子都不怎么樣,就那所房子非常不錯(cuò)。I have something very particular to tell you.我有事要專門對(duì)你講。Tonight is a special occasion and we have something very special for dinner.今晚是個(gè)不尋常的時(shí)刻,我們的晚餐也很特別。(85)possession n./procession n.這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近,易混淆。possession意為“占有,擁有,財(cái)物”;procession意為“行進(jìn),行列”,常與in一起用。

例:Possession of wealth does not necessarily bring happiness.有錢不一定會(huì)給人帶來快樂。

The stupid old man soon lost all his possessions.那個(gè)笨老頭很快就把他的財(cái)產(chǎn)丟光了。

The workers marched in procession to the president’s office.工人們列隊(duì)向總裁的辦公室走去。

The wedding procession moved slowly down the aisle.婚禮的隊(duì)伍在過道間緩慢走過。(86)principal a.&n./principle n.這兩個(gè)詞發(fā)音與詞形相近,很容易搞混。principal作形容詞意為“主要的,首要的”,作名詞時(shí)意為“校長,本金”;principle為名詞,意為“原則,原理”。例:He has been the principal singer of our troop.他是我們團(tuán)的主唱。

Those are the principal points I want to explain to everybody.這些便是我要向大家解釋的要點(diǎn)。

She has been the principal of this school for ten years.她已經(jīng)在這所學(xué)校里當(dāng)了10年校長。What he said is against my principle.他的話與我的原則相悖。

(87)range n./scale n./scope n.range意為“距離,范圍”;scale意為“規(guī)模,等級(jí)”;scope的含義較窄,意思是“范圍,機(jī)會(huì)”。例:The transmitter has a range of 10,000 miles.發(fā)射機(jī)的發(fā)射范圍是方圓1萬英里。

We teach the full range of ball room dances.我們教授所有的交誼舞。

On a scale of 1 to 10 how do you rate his performance? 如果用1到10給他打分的話,你給他的表演打幾分?

The scale of the pollution problem was much worse than scientists had predicted.污染的規(guī)模大大超過了科學(xué)家先前的預(yù)測(cè)。

The politics of the country is really beyond the scope of a tourist book like this.國家的政策問題的確超出了象這樣一本旅游書的內(nèi)容范圍。(88)recent a./current a.recent意為“最近,新近的”;current意為“當(dāng)前的,現(xiàn)時(shí)的”。例:The bicycle is a recent purchase.這輛自行車是最近才買的。

Of these recent magazines, only one is still current.這些近期雜志中只有一本是當(dāng)月的。The current fashions are more casual than those in the 90s.現(xiàn)在的時(shí)尚比90年代的時(shí)尚更要隨意。

They talked about the current events when they met again that night.那晚他們見面時(shí)談了一些時(shí)事。

(89)remind sb.of/warn sb.of/remember sb.to sb.這三個(gè)詞組都有向某人提及某事的意思。warn sb.of sth.語氣最嚴(yán)肅。常指“警告某人有某種危險(xiǎn),要某人不要做某事,等等。remind sb.of指要某人想起某事,重申其重要性或認(rèn)為值得記起。remember sb.to sb.指求某人代自己向某人問好。

例:Please keep in mind what the teacher warns you of.請(qǐng)記住老師警告你的話。This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.這家旅館使我想起我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^的那家。

Don’t forget to remember me to Lyle when you see her, please.見麗莉時(shí)別忘了替我向她問好。(90)resident n./inhabitant n.兩個(gè)詞都有居民的含義,resident多指“住在大樓、公寓等住所的住戶或城市居民”,inhabitant多指“居住在某一地區(qū)的居民”。

例:The inhabitants of this tropical island are very friendly.這個(gè)熱帶島國的居民對(duì)人很友好。

The residents of the town are proud of its new library.城里的居民都為他們的新圖書館感到驕傲。Only resident can drink in the hotel bar.旅店酒吧只對(duì)住店客人開放。(91)resist v./oppose v.resist意為“反抗,抵抗,頂住”;oppose意為“反對(duì)”,常出現(xiàn)在習(xí)語be opposed to中,表示“反對(duì),違反,相反”。

例:The nation was unable to resist the invasion.這個(gè)國家無法抵御入侵。

No boy can resist the temptation of video games.男孩子很難抵御電子游戲的誘惑。He opposed the idea immediately.他馬上表示反對(duì)這個(gè)想法。

This sort of thing is utterly opposed to all my principles.這種事完全違反我的原則。(92)security n./safety n.security意為“安全,保衛(wèi)”,較safety正式,多指安全感,國家、社會(huì)的安全;safety指“處于安全狀態(tài),沒有危險(xiǎn)”,具體指人身、貨物等的安全。

例:For security reasons the passengers have to be searched.出于安全原因,對(duì)所有乘客都要進(jìn)行檢查。

The captain is responsible for the safety of the ship.船長對(duì)船只的安全負(fù)責(zé)。

(93)see v./ catch sight of /spot v./recognize v.24 see指經(jīng)過有意識(shí)地使用視覺器官才能“看到”,另外多指明白,理解;catch sight of是指被看到的東西進(jìn)入了眼簾,而不是有意識(shí)地去使用視覺器官,可譯為“瞥見”;spot指從人群中或同類事物中認(rèn)出一個(gè);recognize指認(rèn)出,認(rèn)識(shí)到是以前曾見過的事物。例:We must give the image of what we actually see.我們一定會(huì)對(duì)我們看到過的東西留下印象。

I caught sight of him when the thief ran into the shop.當(dāng)那個(gè)賊跑進(jìn)那家商店時(shí)我瞥見了他。She spotted his husband in the crowd.她從人群中認(rèn)出了她的丈夫。

I recognized Peter although I hadn’t seen him for 10 years.雖然我有10年沒看到彼得了,但我認(rèn)出了他。

(94)show v./demonstrate v./express v./indicate v.show最常用詞,指被別人看見或把某物指給別人看,教別人如何做。demonstrate正式用詞,在展示、表明事情是如何做時(shí)可與show通用,但不作“被看見”講。express指通過語言或表情,表達(dá)出自己的想法和要求。indicate指通過信號(hào)或標(biāo)志,指示出方向、意圖或要求等。例:I will show you how to use this computer.我來給你演示如何使用這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。

The technician demonstrated the laws of physics with laboratory equipment.該技術(shù)員用實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置演示了物理定律。I can’t express my gratitude too much.無論怎樣都不足以表達(dá)我對(duì)你的謝意。

She indicated her approval with a nod.她點(diǎn)頭表明同意。(95)slow v./postpone v./delay v.slow含有速度有意減慢的意思;postpone指把應(yīng)做的某種事務(wù)擱在一邊,意即延擱,或是將原定的事推遲、延期;delay常指由于難以克服的障礙而將某事耽擱或延遲。例:The driver slowed the car before coming to a full stop.司機(jī)在車完全停下來之前先減慢車速。

We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.我們把比賽從3月5日推遲到3月19日舉行。The bus was delayed by a cloudburst.由于大暴雨,公共汽車來遲了。

(96)special a./particular a./peculiar a./specific a.special指與普通的、平常的、一般的東西在某些方面不相像;particular指一類人或事物中特定的、特殊的、獨(dú)一無二的一個(gè),還可指挑剔的;peculiar指稀奇古怪,與正常的情況、表現(xiàn)相比而使人奇怪罕見;specific指針對(duì)某一用途、某種疾病等有特殊作用或特殊效果的。例:a special occasion特殊場合;a special treat 特別的款待 She has a particular preference for Chinese art.她對(duì)中國藝術(shù)有特別的愛好。

Our history teacher has always been a little peculiar.我們的歷史老師總是有點(diǎn)古怪。

a specific remedy for cancer 治療癌癥的特效藥; a specific answer 具體明確的答案(97)spoil v./ruin v./damage v./break v.spoil指由于缺乏管教或長者的過分溺愛而“嬌慣壞”等;ruin指由于嬌慣或縱欲的結(jié)果把某人“毀掉”;damage指損害,造成損失或通過陷害之類手段有意“毀壞”某人的名聲或健康;break指身心受到摧殘而失去勇氣、信心等。

例:The child is spoiled by the excessive love from his grandparents.爺爺奶奶過分的愛把這孩子慣壞了。I was ruined by that law case.我被那場官司搞得傾家蕩產(chǎn)。

The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.暴風(fēng)雨使莊稼受到了很大損失。

The case damaged greatly the reputation of the official.這件案子使那名政府官員的名譽(yù)大大受損。

The sudden bankrupt of his company broke him heavily.公司的突然破產(chǎn)使他遭受了嚴(yán)重的打擊。(98)stable a./steady a.stable意為“穩(wěn)定,牢固的”;steady意為“穩(wěn)固的,平穩(wěn)的”。例:The chair isn’t very stable.這把椅子不太結(jié)實(shí)。

He finally built a stable business operation.他終于建立起穩(wěn)固的商業(yè)運(yùn)作體系。The table isn’t steady.這張桌子不太穩(wěn)。

He is making steady progress in his work.他的工作正蒸蒸日上。

(99)stress n./emphasis n.stress作名詞的意思是“重點(diǎn);緊張,壓力”;emphasis意為“強(qiáng)調(diào),重點(diǎn)”。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)兩個(gè)詞在口語中常可互換使用。

例:He puts the emphasis on discipline in his teaching.他在教學(xué)中十分強(qiáng)調(diào)紀(jì)律。

Quite clearly the emphasis was on reading skills in our English classes.很清楚,我們的英語課重點(diǎn)是閱讀技能。

Her parents always put a lot of stress on good table manner.她的父母總是強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)餐時(shí)的禮貌舉止。The stresses of work made her ill.工作的壓力使她病倒了。

(100)vacation n./vocation n.這兩個(gè)詞的詞形與發(fā)音相近,容易搞混。vacation的意思是“假期,假日”;vocation的意思是“職業(yè)”。例:I think I’ll take a vacation this weekend.我想這個(gè)周末我將去度假。

A doctor’s vocation is medicine.醫(yī)生是以行醫(yī)為職業(yè)的。

第四篇:英語四級(jí)詞匯:部分近義詞辨析

英語四級(jí)詞匯:近義詞深度辨析

1.able, capable, competent

able為常用詞,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知識(shí)與時(shí)間等,一般下效率無關(guān),用作定語表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark.capable 指滿足一般要求的能力,可以是表現(xiàn)出來的,也可是潛在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定語,表示的能力沒有able表示的能力強(qiáng)。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute.He is a very capable doctor.competent 指“勝任”,“合格”,或受過專業(yè)技術(shù)等訓(xùn)練的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases.2.aboard, abroad, board, broad

aboard 在船(或飛機(jī),車)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副詞,在國外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.board 為動(dòng)詞,上(船,飛機(jī),車)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.broad 為形容詞,寬廣的。如:He has very broad shoulders.3.accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain

accomplish表成功,強(qiáng)調(diào)完成的結(jié)果而不是過程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished.(由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)

complete 表示積極的完成,更具體地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet?(他的小說寫完了嗎?)

finish 最常用,后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,表示在一個(gè)活動(dòng)的連續(xù)過程中完成了最后的一步或階段。如:I’ll finish the job alone.(我要獨(dú)自完成這項(xiàng)工作。)

achieve 完成,實(shí)現(xiàn),強(qiáng)調(diào)通過努力而達(dá)到目的。如:You will achieve success if youwork hard.Attain達(dá)到,實(shí)現(xiàn),常用于一般人的能力不易達(dá)到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.4.accurate, correct, exact, precise

accurate準(zhǔn)確的,精確的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火車站的鐘應(yīng)該是準(zhǔn)確的。)

correct“正確的”,指符合一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則,含有“無錯(cuò)誤的”意味。它的反義詞是incorrect, wrong.exact“精確的”,“恰好的”,比“大體上正確”更進(jìn)一步,表“絲毫不差”。它的反義詞是inexact。

precise強(qiáng)調(diào)“精確”,“精密”。

5.accuse, charge, sue

accuse 指責(zé),指控,常與of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.charge 常與with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.sue 常與for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.6.achieve, acquire, require, inquire

achieve(成功地)完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder.(如他不努力工作,將會(huì)一事無成。)

acquire取得,獲得,學(xué)到。如:acquire knowledge(獲得知識(shí))

inquire打聽,詢問。如:inquire a person’s name(問一個(gè)人的姓名)

require需要。如:We require more help.(我們需要更多的幫助。)

7.act, action, deed

act 用作名詞時(shí),與action, deed均可表“行為”,“舉動(dòng)”。Act指時(shí)間較短的個(gè)人行動(dòng)或行為,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples.(農(nóng)夫在孩子們正偷他的蘋果時(shí)把他們抓住了。)

action較正式,往往指不止包含一個(gè)步驟,且持續(xù)時(shí)間較長的行為或行動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的過程。如:Actions are more important than words.(行動(dòng)比語言更重要。)

deed為正式用語,多指偉大的,顯著的,感人的行為。如:They thanked him for his good deeds.(他們感謝他做的好事。)

8.actual, true, real, genuine

actual 意為“實(shí)際的”,“現(xiàn)實(shí)的”,指所形容的事物在事實(shí)上已經(jīng)發(fā)生或存在,而不是僅在理論上可能發(fā)生或存在的。

true“真實(shí)的”,指與實(shí)際相符,而非虛假。

genuine “真的”,“非冒充的”,“貨真價(jià)實(shí)的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)正宗而非冒牌。

9.adequate, enough, sufficient

adequate 足夠的,指數(shù)量多,適合需要的數(shù)量。

enough足夠的,指數(shù)量多,足夠滿足某種目的或愿望。

sufficient同enough,常可互換使用。但sufficient指數(shù)量多,足夠滿足某種需要,在口語中常用enough,在書面語中常用sufficient,在不易肯定時(shí)多用enough。.Enough可放在被修飾名詞后,且可作副詞,sufficient則不可這么用。

10.admit, confess

兩者都表“承認(rèn)”。

admit指大膽地承認(rèn)以前試圖不論或推諉的壞事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window.(約翰已承認(rèn)打破了窗玻璃。)

confess常指承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police.(小偷向警察承認(rèn)了罪行。)

11.advice, advise

advice勸告(名詞)。如:I want to give you some advice.advise勸告(動(dòng)詞)。如:What do you advise me to do?

12.adopt, adapt

adopt(1)收養(yǎng)。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl.(他們自己沒有孩子,所以決定收養(yǎng)一個(gè)小女孩。)(2)采納,采用,通過。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采納了我們的建議。)

adopt與adapt詞形相近,后者的意思是“使適合”,“改編”等.13.advance, proceed, progress

均可表“前進(jìn)”。

advance表向一個(gè)特定的目的地,在一定的時(shí)間或空間內(nèi)穩(wěn)定地向前運(yùn)動(dòng)。如:Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow.(拿破侖的軍隊(duì)向莫斯科挺進(jìn)。)

proceed強(qiáng)調(diào)從一處向另一處的運(yùn)動(dòng),常表停頓后繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。如:They proceeded from London to Paris.(他們從倫敦往巴黎前進(jìn)。)

progress 多表自然過程,指生長,發(fā)展等穩(wěn)定地或循環(huán)往復(fù)地前進(jìn)。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer.(光陰似箭,很快又是夏天了。)

14.advantage, benefit, profit

advantage 常指一種使某人處于比其他人相對(duì)有利的地位,機(jī)會(huì)或時(shí)機(jī)。如:He had the advantage of good education.(受過良好的教育對(duì)他十分有利。)

profit 多指報(bào)償或報(bào)償性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year?(你去年賺錢了嗎?)

benefit 指物質(zhì)利益或精神方面的好處。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我個(gè)人從這家企業(yè)中并不獲益。)

16.advise, convince, persuade

均可表“勸說”。

advise表建議,規(guī)勸某人應(yīng)該做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank.(他勸我把錢存入銀行。)

convince指向某人陳述事實(shí),運(yùn)用推理或邏輯證明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane.(我們說服了史密斯乘火車而不乘飛機(jī)前往。)

persuade指用感情說服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work.(我說服他回去工作了。)

17.affect, effect

affect影響(動(dòng)詞)。如Smoking affects health.effect效果,影響(名詞)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.18.afford, provide, supply

都有“提供,供給”的意思。

afford一般只用于抽象事物。

provide 和supply意思相同,兩個(gè)詞都和with連用,構(gòu)成provide /supply somebody with something的結(jié)構(gòu)。

19.agree, consent

agree 為常用詞。如:Do you agree to the condition?(你同意這個(gè)條件嗎?)

consent為正式用詞,多用于上下級(jí)的關(guān)系,表示同意別人的要求或請(qǐng)求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(國王同意你的計(jì)劃嗎?)

20.aid, help, assist

用作動(dòng)詞均可表“幫助”。

aid為正式用詞,help最常用。

assist最正式,表示協(xié)助某人做某事,尤指在體力上或具體事務(wù)上幫助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the housework.(她雇了一名婦女幫她做家務(wù)。)

21.alive, living, live

alive 指雖有死的可能,但仍活著,一般只作表語。

living可用于人或物,作定語時(shí)可前可后。

live只做前置定語,用于動(dòng)物和個(gè)別事物前。

22.almost, nearly

一般說來,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“開始”、“完成”(目標(biāo))等。

在all, every, always 前,兩者都可用。如:He is almost(nearly)smoking.(他幾乎每天抽煙。)

almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 連用,而nearly卻不能。如:Almost no one believed her.(幾乎沒人相信他。)

23.alone, lonely

alone只表“獨(dú)自”的客觀狀態(tài),沒有感情色彩,只作表語;

lonely表“孤獨(dú)”,:“寂寞”,能作定語和表語。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely.(剩下她一人時(shí),她就感到寂寞。)

alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone須置于被修飾詞之后,only往往置于被修飾詞前。如:He alone(Only he)can remember the story.(只有他才能記起這段經(jīng)歷。)

24.already, all ready

already已經(jīng)(副詞)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport.all ready準(zhǔn)備好的(作表語)。如:We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang.25.alter, change

作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),兩者可通用。

作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),alter是對(duì)局部,表面的改變,而change則是對(duì)本質(zhì)的,全面的,徹底的改變。如:Can you alter the dress?(你會(huì)改做這件衣服嗎?)Can you change the dress?(你能給我更換這件衣服嗎?)

26.altogether, all together

altogether總計(jì),總共。如:Altogether there are six of us.(我們總計(jì)六人。)

all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together.(我們大家都一起來玩游戲吧。)

27.amaze, astonish, surprise

都可作及物動(dòng)詞,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主語,人稱作賓語。

amaze強(qiáng)調(diào)“使驚訝”,有時(shí)還有“驚嘆”,“佩服”等意。

astonish表示“使大吃一驚”,“幾乎使人無法相信”之意。

surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。

28.announce, declare

announce指宣布公眾期望或與公眾有關(guān)的事情,含有預(yù)告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts.(政府宣布將償還債務(wù)。)

declare指正式負(fù)責(zé)地宣布,聲明,通常用于莊重的場合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)

29.annoy, bother, trouble, disturb

annoy指外界的干擾令人討厭或無法忍受,或指某人故意去妨礙別人。

bother打擾,麻煩,指給人行動(dòng)帶來不便或身心上帶來痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?

disturb打擾,擾亂,指使正常秩序或一時(shí)的安定受到破壞,精力一時(shí)不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you.30.answer, reply, respond

用作動(dòng)詞,都可表“回答”,“答復(fù)”。

answer是常用詞,后可接letter(回信),question(回答問題),doorbell(開門),telephone(接電話),advertisement(應(yīng)征廣告)等。

reply較正式,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞,可與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問題。)

respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question.(他很快就回答了問題。)

另外,respond還可表“對(duì)??反應(yīng)”,“響應(yīng)”。

31.appreciate, enjoy

appreciate指對(duì)事物有深刻的理解能力并能鑒賞。

enjoy是一般用語,僅指感官或智力上的滿足,“享受”的意味較強(qiáng)。

32.approve, prove

approve

(1)贊成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。)

(2)批準(zhǔn),通過。如:The minister approved the building plan.部長批準(zhǔn)建筑計(jì)劃。

prove和approve詞形相似,prove是“證明”,“表明是”等。

33.argue, debate, dispute

argue著重“說理”,“論證”,“企圖說明”,且后可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。

debate著重雙方各自陳述理由,尤其是“公開地”、“正式地”辯論。如:The subject was hotly debated.dispute著重就分歧進(jìn)行熱烈的“爭論”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解決”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses.34.arise, rise

arise表無形的東西(如困難,問題等)“出現(xiàn)”,“發(fā)生”。

rise指具體事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物動(dòng)詞。如:The sun rises in the east.(太陽從東邊升起。)

35.assure, ensure, insure

assure以十分肯定的語氣向別人保證某事一定會(huì)發(fā)生,后需連用人稱代詞或指人的名詞作賓語。

ensure表普通的“保證”。

insure表“保險(xiǎn)”,有時(shí)同ensure可以換用。

36.awaken,awake, wake, waken

都可作動(dòng)詞。

awaken 及物,帶抽象含義,“使覺醒/覺悟,喚醒”

awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。

wake常指“睡醒”,多為不及物動(dòng)詞。

waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞,常指“吵醒”,“驚醒”。

37.await, wait

await是及物動(dòng)詞。如:I await your further instructions.wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后常接介詞for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.38.award, prize, reward

award, reward作動(dòng)詞。award意為“授予(獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金等)”,后面可跟雙賓語;reward意為“報(bào)酬”,“酬謝”,只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語。

award, prize, reward作名詞時(shí),award常指獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)品;prize多指在競賽、競爭中獲勝所贏得的獎(jiǎng);reward則指為某項(xiàng)勞動(dòng)或行為所付的酬金。

39.base, basis

base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具體事物。

basis多用于比喻,主要指命題的基礎(chǔ)。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意見缺乏現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。)

40.beside, besides

beside在??旁邊。如:Come and sit beside me.besides除??之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.

第五篇:2012:精品之必備詞匯辨析[十四]

2012:精品之必備詞匯辨析

(十四)1、offer, provide, supply

這組詞都有“供給,裝備”之意。

offer: 常用詞,意為“ 提出,提供,呈現(xiàn)”,表示向別人提供可接受也可拒絕的某物,如幫助,服務(wù)或物品,這可能是對(duì)方要求也可能是自己主動(dòng)提出的。offer to help sb.表示愿意幫助某人;offer sb.sth./ offer sth.to sb.提供某人某物。例如:The river would offer power production estimated at 500,000 kilowatts if a dam were constructed.如果筑起水壩,這條河就能提供大約50萬千瓦的電力。An international corporation offered him a well-paid job, which he refused politely, since taking it would involve traveling abroad most of the time.一家跨國公司向他許諾一份待遇優(yōu)厚的工作,而他婉言謝絕了,因?yàn)榻邮苣琼?xiàng)工作就意味著大多數(shù)時(shí)間都得在國外出差。

provide: “供給,提供,裝備,準(zhǔn)備”,強(qiáng)調(diào)有預(yù)見,并通過儲(chǔ)存或準(zhǔn)備的方式為某事做準(zhǔn)備,以在需要時(shí)提供所需物品。常用詞組:provide sb.with sth./ provide sth.for sb.提供生活費(fèi),養(yǎng)活,為??做準(zhǔn)備。例如:Through the long days his wife sought by every possible means to provide him with occupation.在漫長的日子里,他的妻子試圖用各種可能的辦法給他找事干。As equipment improved, satellites began providing scientists with weather maps of the entire globe.設(shè)備改進(jìn)后,人造衛(wèi)星開始向科學(xué)家提供整個(gè)地球的氣象圖。

supply: “供給,補(bǔ)充,彌補(bǔ)”,著重表示替換或不足所需之物以及彌補(bǔ)缺陷,滿足要求的意思,還可作名詞,意為“供給(量),物資,存貨”。常用短語:supply the market with new commodities 向市場供應(yīng)新產(chǎn)品;supply a want 彌補(bǔ)不足;supply...for把??供給。The book would be incomplete without such discussions as I have tried to supply.如果沒有我努力提供的這樣一些論述,這本書就會(huì)顯得不完整。What I admire most in my life is doctors and others supplying medical care to assistance recipients.我一生中最敬佩的是那些向受援者提供醫(yī)療護(hù)理的醫(yī)生和其他人。

2、opinion, proposal,advice

advice: “忠告,意見”, 指憑借豐富的知識(shí),足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及正確的判斷,對(duì)他人提出自己的勸告,見解。My advice to you as a friend is that you should treat your wife with more consideration.作為朋友,我給你的忠告是你要多體貼妻子。It was only by her husband's advice that Julia had given up the idea.只是在她丈夫的勸告下,朱莉亞才放棄了這個(gè)念頭。opinion: “意見,看法,主張,見解”,可指個(gè)人或權(quán)威人士的判斷,主要表示對(duì)于有爭議,有疑問的事經(jīng)過仔細(xì)考慮后得出的結(jié)論,但暗含其中有個(gè)人因素,可能有誤會(huì)或會(huì)遭到駁斥。常用詞組:in one's opinion 依某人看。The professors arguing about the cause of the disease, the young doctor listened attentively waiting for a chance to put forward his own opinion.教授們?cè)跔幷撝@種疾病的病因,而那位年輕的醫(yī)生專心傾聽著,等待著提出自己見解的機(jī)會(huì)。Our doctor says it is due to a nervous disorder, but I think we should take another opinion.我們的醫(yī)生說這是由于神經(jīng)失調(diào),但是我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該再請(qǐng)一位醫(yī)生診斷。

proposal:“提議,建議,請(qǐng)求(如求婚)”,指較為正式的建議等,提出以供別人參考,接受或?qū)嵤部赡鼙痪芙^。The steel industry refused to make any wage proposals until it obtained federal clearance for higher steel prices.鋼鐵工業(yè)直到獲得聯(lián)邦政府提高鋼價(jià)的許可后才不再拒絕提出任何有關(guān)工資的提議。She told me that the second proposal of marriage which she received came from an Italian prince.她告訴我3、outstanding, distinguished

這組詞都含有“杰出”之意。

distinguished: “卓越的,卓著的,杰出的”, 一般指人的才華,品德達(dá)到受正式認(rèn)可的水平,尤指因優(yōu)越的品質(zhì)而超越于同類之上,從而為公眾所知。其動(dòng)詞詞組:distinguish A from B, distinguish between A and B(分辨A和B)。例如:Dwight D.Eisenhower was a distinguished general in American history, who made outstanding contributions to the victory of World War II.艾森豪威爾是美國歷史上戰(zhàn)績卓著的將軍,他曾為二戰(zhàn)的勝利作出了杰出的貢獻(xiàn)。Unlike their obscurer colleagues, distinguished composers do not have to struggle to get a hearing for their music.著名的作曲家不像沒有什么名聲的同仁,無須為自己的作品得到上演而奔波。His mind could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality.他的頭腦已經(jīng)不再能分清幻覺和現(xiàn)實(shí)。

outstanding: “杰出的,突出的”,非正式的普通用詞,一般指優(yōu)于同類其他事物的人或事物,也可指某種與周圍環(huán)境截然不同的特點(diǎn)。These organizations have done outstanding work in promoting friendship and cooperation between the countries.這些組織在促進(jìn)鄰邦間友誼和合作方面作出了杰出的貢獻(xiàn)。He was one of the outstanding legislators who had to resign simply because they couldn't afford to serve any longer.他是那些由于不能繼續(xù)工作而不得不辭職的杰出議員之一。

4、occupation, career, profession

occupation: “職業(yè),事業(yè)”, 是個(gè)較有概括性也較正式的詞。即某人經(jīng)常做或訓(xùn)練有素的工作。The report pointed out that society and occupation normally play an important part in determining mortality.報(bào)告指出,社會(huì)與職業(yè)的因素在正常情況下對(duì)死亡有重要影響。You can see in her face that life was full of interest, expectation and occupation.你可以在她臉上看到對(duì)她來說生活中充滿興趣,期望和事業(yè)。

career:“事業(yè),職業(yè)“,指一個(gè)人為之受過訓(xùn)練并愿終生或相當(dāng)長一段時(shí)間從事的職業(yè)。還含有 “生涯,生活歷程”之意。It was a thousand pities so clever a fellow should be shut out from a career.這么聰明的一個(gè)人不能在事業(yè)上一顯身手,實(shí)在太可惜了。As far as I was concerned, it didn't make much sense to be changing careers at this point in my life.就我個(gè)人來說,到了這個(gè)年紀(jì)改行干別的,不會(huì)有多大出息。

profession: “職業(yè)”,指只有受過相當(dāng)高的專門教育或訓(xùn)練,具有了某種專業(yè)知識(shí)和技能并有創(chuàng)造力的人才能從事的職業(yè),過去專指法律,醫(yī)學(xué)和神學(xué),現(xiàn)在擴(kuò)展到其他許多具有相當(dāng)社會(huì)地位的工作,如教育,演藝等。常用詞組:by profession(就職業(yè)而言)。例如:He chose to make his friends mostly among members of the advertising profession.他喜愛主要在以設(shè)計(jì)廣告為職業(yè)的成員中交朋友。He was found early that he had a vocation for the ministry, though he ended up in the law profession instead.盡管他最后當(dāng)上了律師,但人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他早年從事的是神職工作。

5、of one's own, one's own

這兩個(gè)詞組都是“自己的”的意思。

of one's own中的own作名詞用。整個(gè)短語表示“屬于某人自己”的意思,只作后置修飾語,修飾帶有a(n), this, that, some, any, no, one, two, 等限定詞的名詞或修飾one, nothing, something, anything 等不定代詞。例如:She has a mind of her own.她頗有主見。I have nothing of my own.我自己一無所有。The workers took him as one of their own.工人們把他當(dāng)作自己人。

one's own既可用作名詞,意指“自己的東西”;亦可用作形容詞,意指“自己的”。例如:This house is his own.(= This is his own house.)這座房子是他自己的。(= 這是他自

己的房子。)I saw it with my own eyes.我是親眼看見的。She makes all her own dresses.她的衣服都是她自己做的。

6、officer, officia

officer一般指“軍官”或引申而指組織近乎軍事化,穿特殊制服的工作人員,如警察等;也指商船的高級(jí)船員如大副,二副等。例如:He was promoted to the rank of the first officer.他被提升為大副。

official一般指政府的“文職官員”,在美國它也可指運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上的田徑賽裁判員。例如:Everywhere he went he was accompanied by a group of officials.他每到一處都有一群官員陪同。Nepotism and corruption among government officials can ruin a nation without foreign aggression.政府官員的裙帶關(guān)系和貪污腐化,雖無外患亦能毀滅國家。

7、on board, on the board, on the boards

on board泛指“在船上”,它還可指“在飛機(jī)(火車,共用車輛等)上”。這個(gè)習(xí)語也可接船名(如:on board the Dongfeng 在東風(fēng)號(hào)上)或船的類型(如:on board a liner在油輪上,on board a warship在軍艦上)。例如:As soon as I'm on board I always feel sick.我一到船上,就總是感到惡心。He wasn't on board the ship when it sailed.啟航時(shí),他不在船上。The plane flew off after all the passengers came on board.飛機(jī)等到全部乘客上來后才起飛。

on the board除可表示“在(具體的)這只或那只船上”外,還可表示“在會(huì)上討論(be discussed at a meeting)“的被動(dòng)含義。例如:The plan is on the board.那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃正在討論中。The problem will be laid on the board at the next meeting.這個(gè)問題將在下一次會(huì)上討論。

on the boards中的boards是“舞臺(tái)”的意思,其本義表示“在舞臺(tái)上”,現(xiàn)常引申為“做演員,演出”,常用在連系動(dòng)詞be后作表語。例如:Lily is on the boards, but Katie can get nothing to do.莉莉當(dāng)上了演員,可是凱蒂卻找不到事干。The play is now on the boards in Beijing.該劇目前在北京上演。

8、on earth, on the earth, in the earth

on earth有兩個(gè)意思:1.“在世界上”,相當(dāng)于in the wold。2.“究竟,到底;一點(diǎn)也,全然”,相當(dāng)于at all的意思和用法,這時(shí)它常用于疑問句,否定詞或最高級(jí)后加強(qiáng)語氣。例如:Mary couldn't understand what on earth the teacher meant.瑪麗不理解老師說的究竟是什么意思。I feel like nothing on earth.我感到說不出來的難過。

on the earth的意思是“在地球上”,用作地點(diǎn)狀語或連系動(dòng)詞be的表語。例如:It is said that there are probably over one million living creatures on the earth.據(jù)說地球上可能有百萬多種生物。It is supposed at the present that human beings can only live on the earth.據(jù)目前所知,人類只能生活在地球上。

in the earth盡管可譯成“在世界上”,實(shí)際上它含有“在地下”的意味。因此,指世界上空間的存在物不能用它。例如:The genie said he would show all the treasure in the earth to the man who would set him free.那妖怪說,他將讓放他出來的人看到世界上的所有寶藏。There is much petroleum in the earth.地下有大量的石油。

9、on foot, on one's feet

on foot的本義為“步行”,用作方式狀語,它也常常轉(zhuǎn)義為“在活動(dòng)中;在實(shí)行中,在進(jìn)行中”,含進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)意義,可用作表語或后置定語。例如:If the weather permits, I'll go to town on foot.如果天氣許可,我將步行進(jìn)城。A game of this kind is never played with the remainder of the financial community entirely unaware of what is on foot.耍這類花招是決不可能在金融界其余的人士毫無所知的情況下進(jìn)行的。This is a plan on foot.這是一

項(xiàng)正在實(shí)施的計(jì)劃。

on one's feet中的feet任何時(shí)侯不可用單數(shù)形式foot替代。它常同動(dòng)詞be, stand等連用,表示“站著”的意思;它還可指病人經(jīng)過治療后“恢復(fù)健康”,指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況“恢復(fù)正常”或某人,某企業(yè)等“經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立”。例如:A shop assistant is on her feet for most of the day.售貨員幾乎是整天站著的。In three days you will be on your feet.三天后你的病就會(huì)好的。He stood on his feet at last.他終于在經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立了。

10、on purpose, in purpose, of purpose

這三個(gè)介詞短語都可用來指某人做某件事情帶有一定的目的,即表示“有意地,故意地;有目的地”的意思。這時(shí)它們均在句中作狀語,一般可以換用,只是on purpose最為常見,in purpose和of purpose基本廢棄。試比較:”I'm sorry I stepped on your toe;it was an accident.“ ”It wasn't!You did it on purpose.“"對(duì)不起,踩著你的腳了,我是無意的。” “不,你是故意的。”We sometimes turn back in purpose.我們有時(shí)故意走回頭路。The insult was made of purpose.這是故意侮辱人。

in purpose還可用作方面狀語,表示“在目的方面”的意思;有時(shí)還可表示“在意志方面”的意思,這時(shí),可用of purpose替代。例如:They are similar in purpose.他們目的相似。He is weak in purpose(or: of purpose).他意志薄弱。Peter is so infirm of purpose that it is useless to ask him for advice.彼得這人優(yōu)柔寡斷,向他征求意見是徒勞無用的。

11、out of question, out of the question

這兩個(gè)短語只有一個(gè)the之差,但意思卻幾乎完全相反。

out of question中的question是“疑問”的意思,整個(gè)短語一起表明對(duì)一項(xiàng)事物或建議等的肯定,即“毫無疑問”的意思,通常用作狀語或者表語,其意思和用法與without question相當(dāng)。例如:Out of question, this plan can be fulfilled ahead of time.毫無疑問,這個(gè)計(jì)劃可以提前完成。It is out of question that he will be appointed Chief Engineer of the railway.毫無疑問,他將被任命為那條鐵路的總工程師。

out of the question中的question是“問題”的意思,整個(gè)短語表明對(duì)某項(xiàng)事物,要求或建議等的否定,即“不可能”的意思,一般用在連系動(dòng)詞be的后面作表語。例如:I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the question.我要做的工作太多,因此,今年我休假是根本不可能的事。Raising more pigs is out of the question unless the fodder question is solved.飼料問題不解決,多養(yǎng)豬是辦不到的。

12、only to do, only doing

only后接動(dòng)詞不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞都被用作結(jié)果狀語。only to do的意思是“不料(卻)??,結(jié)果(卻)??“, 表示一個(gè)沒有料到的結(jié)果。例如:I hurried to the supermarket, only to find it was closed.我匆忙趕到超市,不料它已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。He made a long speech only to show his foolishness.他講了一大通,結(jié)果只是顯露了他的愚蠢。I went to see him, only to learn that he had left the city the night before.我去看他,不料聽人家說他已經(jīng)在前夜離開這個(gè)城市。

only doing的意思是“結(jié)果就??”,表示一個(gè)意料之中的結(jié)果。例如:He died, only leaving nothing but debts.他死了,結(jié)果只留下了一身債務(wù)。He dropped the plate, only breaking it into pieces.盤子從他手中掉下來,結(jié)果摔成了碎片。He aimed, fired, only bringing down a red-necked bird.他瞄準(zhǔn),射擊,結(jié)果打下了一只紅頸鳥。

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