第一篇:西南交大交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)分析離線作業(yè)
交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)分析 第一次作業(yè)
三、主觀題(共12道小題)41.開放系統(tǒng)
答:系統(tǒng)與外界環(huán)境之間有物質(zhì)、能量、信息交換的系統(tǒng)稱為開放系統(tǒng).
42.請舉出一個系統(tǒng)的實(shí)例,并分析其目的、要素集、關(guān)系、結(jié)構(gòu)和環(huán)境.
答:(主觀題,自行舉例即可)
43.系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)集中若出現(xiàn)相互矛盾的情況,應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣處理?請舉例說明.
答:分目標(biāo)之間可能是矛盾的,因此采用某種形式的折衷是必要的,即在矛盾的分目標(biāo)之間尋求平衡.具體的做法是通過計(jì)算每個分目標(biāo)對總目標(biāo)的貢獻(xiàn)來確定最佳的妥協(xié).
(自行舉例既可)
44.切克蘭德軟系統(tǒng)方法論的步驟是什么? 答:
(1)系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀說明
通過調(diào)查分析,對現(xiàn)存的不良結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行說明.(2)弄清關(guān)聯(lián)因素
初步弄清與現(xiàn)狀有關(guān)的各種因素及其相互關(guān)系.(3)建立概念模型
在不能建立數(shù)學(xué)模型的情況下,用結(jié)構(gòu)模型或語言模型來描述系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)狀.(4)改善概念模型
隨著分析的不斷深入和“學(xué)習(xí)”的加深,進(jìn)一步用更合適的模型或方法改進(jìn)上述概念模型.(5)比較
將概念模型與現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行比較,找出符合決策者意圖而且可行的改革途徑或方案.(6)實(shí)施
實(shí)施所提出的改革方案.
45.交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的作業(yè)特征是什么?
答:
(1)交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)是一個連續(xù)過程系統(tǒng);
(2)交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的多環(huán)節(jié)、多功能、超區(qū)域的特點(diǎn);(3)交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)性特點(diǎn);(4)交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)是一個動態(tài)系統(tǒng).
46.怎樣理解交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)性?
答:交通運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)不僅僅是列車、車輛在軌道、道路上移動,而且在交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)(包括鐵路網(wǎng)、公路網(wǎng)、水運(yùn)網(wǎng)、航空網(wǎng)等)上運(yùn)動.良好的交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)首先要有合理的布局與結(jié)構(gòu),要建設(shè)成與內(nèi)部、外部協(xié)調(diào)的交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng).在具有科學(xué)
合理的交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)上,通過科學(xué)的運(yùn)輸組織才能實(shí)現(xiàn)國家、社會、廠礦、企業(yè)以及人們所提出的運(yùn)輸任務(wù),加速貨物和車船的周轉(zhuǎn),壓縮旅客和貨物的在途時間,加速國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展.
47.旅客發(fā)送人數(shù)
答:是指辦理客運(yùn)的車站、港口、航空港在一定時期內(nèi)全部始發(fā)的旅客人數(shù).
48.貨物周轉(zhuǎn)量
答:指一定時期內(nèi)全國或一個運(yùn)輸企業(yè)在貨運(yùn)工作方面所完成的貨物運(yùn)輸噸公里.
49.客流密度
答:一條交通線路或一個運(yùn)輸區(qū)段平均每一公里線路所擔(dān)負(fù)的旅客周轉(zhuǎn)量稱為客流密度,其單位為人km/km.
50.客流分布
答:
在各個地域之間的旅客交流或在各種交通線路上的流量、流向、旅客構(gòu)成、旅行距離,即為客流分布.
51.固定設(shè)備能力
答:指在采用一定類型的交通運(yùn)輸工具(如機(jī)車、車輛、船舶、汽車、飛機(jī)等)和交通運(yùn)輸組織方法的條件下,一個交通區(qū)段或一條交通線(包括航道、航線等)在一定時間內(nèi)(如一晝夜或一年)所能通過的列車對數(shù)(或單方向的列數(shù))、船舶、汽車或飛機(jī)的數(shù)量.52.移動設(shè)備能力
答:指在一定的固定設(shè)備和運(yùn)輸組織方法的條件下,由一定類型的機(jī)車、車輛、船舶、汽車、飛機(jī)等所決定的,在單位時間內(nèi)能實(shí)現(xiàn)的滿載的列車、船舶、汽車、飛機(jī)數(shù)和貨物噸救.交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)分析 第二次作業(yè)
三、主觀題(共22道小題)25.系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性
答:適應(yīng)外部環(huán)境變化以獲取生存和發(fā)展能力的性質(zhì),就是系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性.
26.動態(tài)系統(tǒng)
答:內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)隨時間的函數(shù)變化而變化的系統(tǒng)稱為動態(tài)系統(tǒng).
27.系統(tǒng)相關(guān)性的分析以幾元關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ)?為什么?
答:一般以二元關(guān)系作為相關(guān)性討論的基礎(chǔ),因?yàn)槿魏味嘣囟际菑亩P(guān)系基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的.
28.實(shí)體系統(tǒng)和概念系統(tǒng)的關(guān)系是怎樣的?
答:實(shí)體系統(tǒng)是概念系統(tǒng)的形態(tài)化,又是實(shí)現(xiàn)概念系統(tǒng)要求的運(yùn)行體.概念系統(tǒng)是實(shí)體系統(tǒng)的“靈魂”,實(shí)體系統(tǒng)則是概念系統(tǒng)的“軀殼”.二者既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別,即在一定的條件下,可使實(shí)體系統(tǒng)抽象為概念系統(tǒng),或者使概念系統(tǒng)具體化為實(shí)體系統(tǒng).
29.硬系統(tǒng)和軟系統(tǒng)有什么區(qū)別?
答:硬系統(tǒng)又稱為良結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng),是指偏重工程系統(tǒng)、機(jī)理明顯的物理系統(tǒng),一般便于觀察,便于用數(shù)學(xué)模型描述,邊界清晰,目標(biāo)明確,有較現(xiàn)成的定量方法可以計(jì)算出系統(tǒng)的行為和最佳結(jié)果.處理這類系統(tǒng)采用霍爾的系統(tǒng)工程方法(硬系統(tǒng)方法)非常有效.
而軟系統(tǒng)又稱為不良結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng),是指偏重社會、機(jī)理,尚不清楚的生物型的軟系統(tǒng),較難用數(shù)學(xué)模型描述,往往只能用半定量、半定性或者只能用定性的方法來處理系統(tǒng),這類系統(tǒng)難以觀測,邊界模糊,目標(biāo)不定.
30.系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)的主要特征表現(xiàn)在哪些方面? 答:
1.系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)是涉及到許多學(xué)科的邊緣科學(xué) 2.系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)在很大程度上依賴于電子計(jì)算機(jī) 3.系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)的對象主要是大系統(tǒng) 4.系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)與自動化密切相關(guān)
31.怎樣理解交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的連續(xù)性?
答:交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)是一個連續(xù)性的過程系統(tǒng).
其連續(xù)性表現(xiàn)為運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)過程的連續(xù)性和運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)時間的連續(xù)性.其貨物運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)過程包括了集、裝、運(yùn)、卸、散諸環(huán)節(jié)所組成的生產(chǎn)全過程.旅客運(yùn)輸過程包
括進(jìn)站、上車、運(yùn)行、到站、出站等過程和環(huán)節(jié).在完整的運(yùn)輸過程系統(tǒng)中,任何一個單元出現(xiàn)故障都有直接影響系統(tǒng)功能的實(shí)現(xiàn).
交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的連續(xù)性還表現(xiàn)在時間上的連續(xù);這個系統(tǒng)必須全年、全月、全日地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),而不能發(fā)生任何中斷,如果發(fā)生運(yùn)輸中斷,就破壞了運(yùn)輸?shù)恼Ia(chǎn).為此,研究交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng),需要緊緊地抓住連續(xù)性的特點(diǎn).
32.交通運(yùn)輸學(xué)科包含哪些分支?其主要研究內(nèi)容分別是什么?
答:目前交通運(yùn)輸學(xué)科主要有以下4大類分支學(xué)科.
(1)交通運(yùn)輸法學(xué):研究進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸活動法律調(diào)整的科學(xué).
(2)交通運(yùn)輸經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué):研究交通運(yùn)輸部門中經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系與經(jīng)濟(jì)活動規(guī)律的科學(xué).(3)交通運(yùn)輸工程學(xué):研究交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)工程建設(shè)問題.
(4)交通運(yùn)輸學(xué):主要包括交通運(yùn)輸技術(shù)設(shè)備和交通運(yùn)輸管理學(xué).
33.貨物周轉(zhuǎn)量
答:指一定時期內(nèi)全國或一個運(yùn)輸企業(yè)在貨運(yùn)工作方面所完成的貨物運(yùn)輸噸公里.
34.貨物平均運(yùn)程
答:即貨物的平均運(yùn)輸距離,表示平均每噸貨物運(yùn)送多少公里.
35.經(jīng)驗(yàn)判定法的預(yù)測原理是什么?其適用性如何? 答:經(jīng)驗(yàn)判定法主要靠人們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和綜合分析能力來進(jìn)行預(yù)測.利用這類方法進(jìn)行近期預(yù)測還是較可靠的,有一定的可信度,但如進(jìn)行中長期預(yù)測,由于環(huán)境條件的變化,專靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)推倒就不完全符合實(shí)際而需采用其他類的預(yù)測方法.
36.預(yù)測中的定量和定性分析有什么關(guān)系? 答:預(yù)測的定量分析和定性分析是密不可分的.沒有定性分析就不可能對定量分析給予科學(xué)解釋;而定量分析有助于證明發(fā)展趨勢的數(shù)量指標(biāo).
37.交通運(yùn)輸供給與一般產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的供給有什么不同? 答:
(1)在交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)中,供給者并不十分明確,因而不便于清楚地研究供給者行為.
(2)在交通運(yùn)輸中,供給的一些非貨幣特征相對于運(yùn)營者收取的價格來說也是非常重要的.
(3)很多確定交通運(yùn)輸供給的特征是使用者而不是供給者行為導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果.
38.運(yùn)輸短缺在宏觀控制中的有什么作用? 答:
(1)短缺作為供給約束,制約經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長;(2)短缺作為非價格信號影響著運(yùn)輸?shù)耐度耄?/p>
(3)運(yùn)輸短缺作為一個局部信號,會引起運(yùn)輸需求在不同交通運(yùn)輸方式中實(shí)現(xiàn)替代或轉(zhuǎn)移.
39.為什么說優(yōu)先建設(shè)綜合交通運(yùn)輸通道是建設(shè)和改建整個交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最優(yōu)策略? 答:
(1)建設(shè)一個高效率的綜合交通運(yùn)輸通道,聯(lián)系各大經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)和進(jìn)出口岸,是執(zhí)行開放搞活方針,加速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所必不可少的基礎(chǔ)條件之一.
(2)綜合交通運(yùn)輸通道系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)符合經(jīng)濟(jì)原則.交通運(yùn)輸通道系統(tǒng)集中了高密度流量,在交通運(yùn)輸建設(shè)資金緊張條件下,優(yōu)先把通道系統(tǒng)修建好,使一大部分運(yùn)量處于高速度,高效率的交通運(yùn)輸狀況,對緩解我國交通的落后狀況意義重大,符合投資少效益高的經(jīng)濟(jì)原則.
(3)高效率的交通運(yùn)輸通道系統(tǒng)對改善國土綜合利用,完善產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,加速梯度開發(fā),打破封閉型經(jīng)濟(jì),減少流動資金和原材料積壓,提高生產(chǎn)效率都有重大意義.
(4)綜合交通運(yùn)輸通道的修建,是強(qiáng)化我國綜合交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ),它將顯著提高鐵、水、公、航、管多種交通方式的綜合效率,可以廣泛采用聯(lián)運(yùn)、推廣集裝箱等各種有效的措施,使綜合交通運(yùn)輸管理有一個大突破,獲得管理方面的效益.
(5)修建國際陸路交通運(yùn)輸通道對縮短歐亞非的運(yùn)輸距離,加強(qiáng)國際交流,加速我國內(nèi)地開發(fā),具有重要的戰(zhàn)略價值.
40.請論述交通運(yùn)輸通道與綜合運(yùn)網(wǎng)的關(guān)系 答:
(1)交通運(yùn)輸通道與交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)在形式上的區(qū)別是;交通運(yùn)輸通道是聯(lián)結(jié)交通流、客貨流的密集帶,呈線型結(jié)構(gòu),一般為雙向運(yùn)輸;交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)是聯(lián)結(jié)交通流產(chǎn)生地與目的地的交通運(yùn)輸線路與樞紐結(jié)合部的點(diǎn)線集合,呈網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu).(2)交通運(yùn)輸通道與交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)也有許多相通之處:交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)按其空間范圍可分為國家交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)和地區(qū)交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng),通道也有如此的層次劃分,全國范圍的區(qū)際通道和地區(qū)性的區(qū)內(nèi)通道.兩者均可根據(jù)各地區(qū)的自然地理?xiàng)l件和交通運(yùn)輸需要,由兩種或幾種交通運(yùn)輸方式組成.
(3)交通運(yùn)輸通道與交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)的關(guān)系密切:交通運(yùn)輸通道構(gòu)成交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)的骨架,聯(lián)結(jié)交通網(wǎng)的主要樞紐集散點(diǎn),通過與網(wǎng)的聯(lián)系,形成強(qiáng)大的交通流,亦即通過線網(wǎng)來聚散通道的客貨流.交通運(yùn)輸通道與交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)互為條件,相互促進(jìn),以達(dá)成整個交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的高效.
交通運(yùn)輸通道的最高層次便是多功能多種交通運(yùn)輸方式的綜合性立體通道系統(tǒng).
41.舉例說明,研究交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)“點(diǎn)”、“線”系統(tǒng)能力的協(xié)調(diào)時,應(yīng)當(dāng)注意哪些問題? 答:
(1)必須將“點(diǎn)”系統(tǒng)的能力和“線”系統(tǒng)的能力進(jìn)行綜合平衡,使二者保持一定的比例關(guān)系,互相適應(yīng),同步發(fā)展.
(2)應(yīng)以通道系統(tǒng)對通道的要求運(yùn)量為目標(biāo),認(rèn)真分析客、貨流的規(guī)律,摸清“點(diǎn)”、“線”上各項(xiàng)設(shè)備的現(xiàn)有能力,找出薄弱環(huán)節(jié),制定出改造協(xié)調(diào)措施,使二者滿足通道運(yùn)量的要求.
(3)“點(diǎn)”、“線”系統(tǒng)能力的協(xié)調(diào),關(guān)鍵在樞紐、結(jié)合部的能力與區(qū)間能力的協(xié)調(diào).應(yīng)使“點(diǎn)”系統(tǒng)的能力稍稍大于區(qū)間的能力,以保證區(qū)間暢通無阻,并適應(yīng)區(qū)間能力大幅度增長的要求.(可自行舉例說明)
42.交通運(yùn)輸布局
答:又稱交通運(yùn)輸配置,它是指鐵路、公路、水運(yùn)、航空和管道等五種現(xiàn)代化運(yùn)輸方式的線路(包括鐵路線、公路線、水運(yùn)航道和航線、航空線及管道等)、站(包括河港、海港、航空港等)的土木建筑物及相關(guān)技術(shù)設(shè)備和交通運(yùn)輸工具組成的交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)的地域分布.43.為什么說交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)是一個社會經(jīng)濟(jì)大系統(tǒng)?(P40~42)答:
交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)具備社會經(jīng)濟(jì)大系統(tǒng)的特征:
交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的功能復(fù)雜;交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)龐大復(fù)雜;交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的信息復(fù)雜;交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)采用大系統(tǒng)的控制與協(xié)調(diào)的理論與方法;計(jì)算機(jī)管理是交通運(yùn)輸管理的重要手段;交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)具有龐大的職工隊(duì)伍。所以說,交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)是一個社會經(jīng)濟(jì)大系統(tǒng)。
44.簡述運(yùn)輸需求與運(yùn)輸供給的關(guān)系?(P79)
答:運(yùn)輸需求決定了運(yùn)輸供給的發(fā)展方向、規(guī)模和水平;而運(yùn)輸需求的滿足受到運(yùn)輸供給的限制,這種限制來自于運(yùn)輸企業(yè)的運(yùn)能、運(yùn)價以及需求本身的時間和空間因素。
45.在路網(wǎng)建設(shè)中,為什么要優(yōu)先考慮通道建設(shè)? 答:
(1)建設(shè)一個高效率的綜合運(yùn)輸通道,聯(lián)系各大經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū),是加速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展必不可少的基礎(chǔ)條件之一;
(2)綜合交通運(yùn)輸通道建設(shè)符合經(jīng)濟(jì)原則;
(3)高效率的交通運(yùn)輸通道對改善國土利用,完善產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,提高生產(chǎn)效率具有重大意義;(4)綜合交通運(yùn)輸通道建設(shè)將顯著提高綜合運(yùn)輸效率,使綜合運(yùn)輸管理有一個大突破,獲得管理方面的效益;
(5)建設(shè)國際陸路交通運(yùn)輸通道對于加強(qiáng)國際交流,加速內(nèi)地開發(fā),具有重要的戰(zhàn)略價值。
46.試分析交通運(yùn)輸樞紐內(nèi)的主要協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系(P134~136)答:
主要包括:
交通運(yùn)輸樞紐內(nèi)干線運(yùn)輸間的協(xié)調(diào),主要是指不同運(yùn)輸方式干線間的協(xié)調(diào),以鐵路與海運(yùn)協(xié)調(diào)為主,分析設(shè)備能力匹配、作業(yè)過程連續(xù)、作業(yè)時間協(xié)調(diào)、有良好的組織保障等基本條件的滿足,在日常作業(yè)計(jì)劃中實(shí)現(xiàn);
干線運(yùn)輸與工業(yè)運(yùn)輸間的協(xié)調(diào),主要考慮銜接點(diǎn)的選擇、作業(yè)時間的銜接、運(yùn)輸組織的配合等;
干線運(yùn)輸與城市運(yùn)輸間的相互協(xié)調(diào),主要考慮干線客運(yùn)站點(diǎn)與站前廣場、城市干道的能力匹配,以城市運(yùn)輸為干線運(yùn)輸提供旅客集散服務(wù)為目標(biāo)。
交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)分析 第三次作業(yè)
三、主觀題(共22道小題)38.系統(tǒng)
答:系統(tǒng)是由若干個可以相互區(qū)別、相互聯(lián)系而又相互作用的要素所組成,在一定的階層結(jié)構(gòu)形式中分布,在給定的環(huán)境約束下,為達(dá)到整體的目的的而存在的有機(jī)集合體. 39.系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)性
答:系統(tǒng)的組成元素是相互依存,相互作用又相互制約的,系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)性是系統(tǒng)元素之間全部關(guān)系的總和.
40.系統(tǒng)工程經(jīng)歷了哪些發(fā)展階段?各有什么特點(diǎn)? 答:
1.萌芽階段(1940~1957年)這一階段的特點(diǎn)是:進(jìn)行個別研究和簡單應(yīng)用,實(shí)踐成果為理論體系的形成奠定了基礎(chǔ).
2.發(fā)展階段(1957~1965年)
這一階段的特點(diǎn)是:自覺應(yīng)用,理論與方法得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展. 3.基本成熟和發(fā)展階段(1965年至今)
這一階段的主要特點(diǎn)是:理論逐步完善,應(yīng)用范圍不斷擴(kuò)大,并在各個社會實(shí)踐領(lǐng)域得到普及.
41.系統(tǒng)工程的程序體系包括那兩個方面的內(nèi)容?
答:系統(tǒng)程序包括二個方面的程序,一是系統(tǒng)開發(fā)程序,即解決給定系統(tǒng)問題的步驟,如系統(tǒng)開發(fā)、工程規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)、試驗(yàn)和運(yùn)行等管樣的從系統(tǒng)設(shè)想到具體實(shí)現(xiàn)的全部過程;二是價值開發(fā)程序,它要求獲得最大效益,以此為目的的程序就是價值開發(fā)程序.開發(fā)系統(tǒng)要求全過程中貫徹系統(tǒng)思想,使每個程序環(huán)節(jié)體現(xiàn)出系統(tǒng)性的要求,同時注意潛在價值的開發(fā)和潛在危害的發(fā)現(xiàn)與分析,以及開發(fā)對策、多途徑的價值開發(fā)及評價,技術(shù)成果的移植和創(chuàng)新等. 42.系統(tǒng)工程的特點(diǎn)是什么?
答:(1)“一個系統(tǒng),兩個最優(yōu)”
“一個系統(tǒng)”是指以系統(tǒng)為研究對象,要求綜合性、全面地考慮問題.“二個最優(yōu)”是指系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)是總體效果最優(yōu),同時實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)的具體的方法或途徑也要求達(dá)到最優(yōu).(2)以“軟”為主
系統(tǒng)工程是以“軟”技術(shù)為主的工程技術(shù),它是一大類新的工程技術(shù)的總稱.(3)綜合性強(qiáng)
一方面是應(yīng)用知識和技術(shù)的綜合性,另一方面是開展系統(tǒng)工程項(xiàng)目,要由各有關(guān)專業(yè)和各方面的專家參加協(xié)同工作.(4)咨詢性
系統(tǒng)工程人員一般來參與決策,他們主要是給決策人員提供和分析評價備選的方案.
43.為什么要進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)分析?
答:系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)分析的目的就是要找出系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成上這幾個表征方面的規(guī)律,即系統(tǒng)應(yīng)具備的合理結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律.這就是說,要保證系統(tǒng)在對應(yīng)于系統(tǒng)總目標(biāo)和環(huán)境因素約束集的條件下,在系統(tǒng)組成集、這些要素之間的相互關(guān)系以及要素集和相互關(guān)系集在階層分布上的最優(yōu)結(jié)合并能給出最優(yōu)結(jié)合效果的前提下,能夠得到最優(yōu)系統(tǒng)輸出的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu).這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是我們所說的系統(tǒng)合理結(jié)構(gòu).簡言之,系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)分析是尋求系統(tǒng)合理結(jié)構(gòu)的分析方法.
44.系統(tǒng)分析的準(zhǔn)則有哪些?為什么在進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析時要采用這些準(zhǔn)則?
答:
(1)外部條件與內(nèi)部條件相結(jié)合
一個系統(tǒng)不僅受到內(nèi)部因素的影響,而且還受到外部條件的約束,所以進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析時必須把系統(tǒng)要素與內(nèi)、外部條件和環(huán)境有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來.(2)當(dāng)前利益與長遠(yuǎn)利益相結(jié)合
因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)大部分是動態(tài)的,它隨著時間以及外界條件而變化.所以,選擇一個最優(yōu)方案時,不僅要從當(dāng)前的利益出發(fā),而且還要考慮到將來的利益.如果采用的方案對目前和將來都有利,那當(dāng)然是最理想的方案.往往有的系統(tǒng)方案從當(dāng)前看不利而從長遠(yuǎn)看是有利的,從系統(tǒng)分析的觀點(diǎn)看這種方案是合理的.而對那種一時有利,長遠(yuǎn)不利的方案,即使是過渡的,也最好不選用.(3)局部效益與整體效益相結(jié)合
一個系統(tǒng)往往由許多子系統(tǒng)組成,子系統(tǒng)又由更低層的子系統(tǒng)組成.大多數(shù)情況下,有些子系統(tǒng)是經(jīng)濟(jì)的,但從總體大系統(tǒng)看是不經(jīng)濟(jì)的,這顯然是不可取的.有的從個別子系統(tǒng)看是不好的,但從全局看則是有利的,那這種方案還是可取的.在系統(tǒng)分析中,對系統(tǒng)的要求是整體效益最優(yōu)化,而不是局部或子系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化,局部利益要服從總體利益.
(4)定量分析與定性分析相結(jié)合
用系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的理論與方法分析問題時,對于一些如政治、政策、法律等因素?zé)o法用數(shù)量指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析時,只能用“好與壞”、“可以不可以”做主觀判斷的叫定性分析.系統(tǒng)分析不但要進(jìn)行定量分析,而且要進(jìn)行定性分析,因?yàn)樵谟行﹩栴}中某些定性的因素還能起決定性的作用.只有了解清楚了系統(tǒng)的一些性質(zhì),才能進(jìn)一步建立定量關(guān)系的數(shù)學(xué)模型,做出定量分析,最后把定性分析與定量分析結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行綜合分析,才能找出最優(yōu)方案.
45.運(yùn)輸需求分析
答:將運(yùn)輸需求與產(chǎn)生運(yùn)輸需求的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)活動進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析的過程.
46.平均旅行次數(shù)
答:
指每一居民的每年旅行次數(shù).
47.舉例說明貨流合理化的主要內(nèi)容有哪些?
答:
(1)合理的生產(chǎn)布局是進(jìn)行貨流合理化的基礎(chǔ)(2)運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)合理布局是實(shí)現(xiàn)貨流合理的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)(3)物資調(diào)撥組織與物資分配組織要結(jié)合貨流合理化(可自行舉例說明)
48.從運(yùn)輸供給角度來分析,按照區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的功能,可以將其劃分成哪些子系統(tǒng)?各有什么功能? 答:
答:可以劃分為區(qū)內(nèi)運(yùn)輸能通道、區(qū)際運(yùn)輸通道、國際運(yùn)輸通道和區(qū)域?qū)?nèi)外交通的接口系統(tǒng)等4個子系統(tǒng),它們在區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)中各具有不同的功能.(1)區(qū)內(nèi)綜合運(yùn)輸通道網(wǎng)絡(luò).它擔(dān)負(fù)區(qū)內(nèi)各社會經(jīng)濟(jì)點(diǎn)之間的運(yùn)輸聯(lián)系,是區(qū)域的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分,隨著區(qū)域的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展.(2)區(qū)際綜合運(yùn)輸通道網(wǎng)絡(luò).它擔(dān)負(fù)溝通本區(qū)域同國內(nèi)其它區(qū)域的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)輸聯(lián)系.(3)國際綜合運(yùn)輸通道網(wǎng)絡(luò).它擔(dān)負(fù)著溝通本區(qū)域同國際市場之間的運(yùn)輸聯(lián)系,或者國內(nèi)其它區(qū)域通過本區(qū)域同國際市場之間的運(yùn)輸聯(lián)系.(4)區(qū)域的對內(nèi)、對外交通和接口系統(tǒng).它是區(qū)域?qū)?nèi)對外交通系統(tǒng)的結(jié)合部,是溝通本區(qū)域同外界社會經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系的口岸或貿(mào)口.
49.區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)是什么?其分析過程應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循什么步驟? 答:區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)是維持區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)的協(xié)同關(guān)系,滿足區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所提出的客、貨運(yùn)輸需求,以及協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)域內(nèi)的交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的各子系統(tǒng)(鐵、水、公、航、管)的關(guān)系,使其綜合效益最優(yōu).
其步驟如下:(l)確定區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的總體目標(biāo).由于各區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展特點(diǎn)與重點(diǎn)不同,有著不同的專業(yè)方向和綜合發(fā)展類型,其交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的總體目標(biāo)也不同.(2)根據(jù)所確定的目標(biāo),分析和預(yù)測區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨罅浚汀⒇浶枨罅浚?)分析區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸各子系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展條件及其優(yōu)勢,確定各子系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模,協(xié)調(diào)各種運(yùn)輸方式,使之形成一個統(tǒng)一的整體.
(4)根據(jù)需求建立區(qū)域運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的供給模型.在區(qū)域綜合運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)中,客貨運(yùn)量在各種運(yùn)輸方式中得到合理的分配.
(5)確定評價區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的指標(biāo)體系.這個指標(biāo)體系包括評價交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)效果,組織管理水平;評價交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)滿足區(qū)域內(nèi)部與外部經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、人民生活和社會環(huán)境等所提出的交通運(yùn)輸?shù)确矫娴闹笜?biāo).
(6)運(yùn)用最優(yōu)化理論和方法,對所建立的區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展模型和模式進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,以求得區(qū)域交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)得到合理的發(fā)展.
50.交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)評價主要包括哪些內(nèi)容? 答:
(1)對交通運(yùn)輸現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)評價,從而對現(xiàn)實(shí)系統(tǒng)有一個全面了解,為系統(tǒng)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化提供基礎(chǔ)信息和思路;
(2)對交通運(yùn)輸建設(shè)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)評價,研究交通運(yùn)輸項(xiàng)目明可行與否以及效益大小,從而為最終決策提供輔助信息.
51.交通運(yùn)輸規(guī)劃
答:交通運(yùn)輸規(guī)劃是一種戰(zhàn)略部署,它主要解決交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)發(fā)展的方向、原則、規(guī)模、速度、布局和部門結(jié)構(gòu)等問題,并應(yīng)指出實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)劃的可能性和保證條件,從而對交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)和各部門及布局作比較全面和長期的合理安排,使之組成一個有機(jī)的整體,充分利用自然條件和經(jīng)濟(jì)資源以及現(xiàn)有設(shè)備,促進(jìn)交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)發(fā)展與提高.52.影響交通運(yùn)輸布局的主要因素有哪些? 答:
(1)交通運(yùn)輸是社會物資交流、商品流通和社會發(fā)展生產(chǎn)的一個非常重要條件,因此國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展需求是影響交通運(yùn)輸布局的首要因素。(2)自然條件是影響交通運(yùn)輸布局的重要因素。(3)技術(shù)條件是交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)發(fā)展和布局的重要因素。(4)名勝古跡和旅游勝地對交通運(yùn)輸布局也有重要影響。
53.請說明交通運(yùn)輸布局的步驟。答:
(1)確定交通運(yùn)輸布局的目標(biāo);(2)分析交通運(yùn)輸布局的約束條件;(3)建立交通運(yùn)輸布局模型;(4)對模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)化選擇;
(5)對交通運(yùn)輸布局方案進(jìn)行評價。
54.系統(tǒng)分析的要素有哪些?(P24)
答:目標(biāo)、替代方案、指標(biāo)、模型、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、決策.55.制定評價指標(biāo)應(yīng)遵循哪些原則?(P168)答:可查性、可比性、定量性。
56.簡述區(qū)際通道的特點(diǎn)(P109)答:
一般為國家或地區(qū)交通運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)的骨干;擔(dān)負(fù)大量穩(wěn)定的客貨運(yùn)量;運(yùn)距長、能力大;由多種運(yùn)輸方式組成。
許多確定交通運(yùn)輸供給的特征是使用者而不是供給者的行為導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。
57.固定設(shè)備能力(P115~116)
答:是指在采用一定類型的交通運(yùn)輸工具和交通運(yùn)輸組織方法的條件下,一個交通區(qū)段或一條交通線在一定時間內(nèi)所能通過的列車對數(shù)、船舶、汽車或飛機(jī)的數(shù)量。
58.貨流密度(P90)
答:是指交通線路上一定距離的貨流量。
59.交通運(yùn)輸需求(P74)答:交通運(yùn)輸需求是指一定時間內(nèi)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)活動產(chǎn)生的旅客和貨物空間位移的需要。
第二篇:西南交大-大學(xué)英語3-離線作業(yè)
2013—2014學(xué)年第一學(xué)期
離 線 作 業(yè)
科 目: 大學(xué)英語III 姓 名: 李冬軍 學(xué) 號: 1524582 專 業(yè): 車輛工程2015-26班(專本)
西南交通大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育學(xué)院
直 屬 學(xué)習(xí)中 心
大學(xué)英語 III第1次作業(yè) 主觀題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “How to Keep Healthy”.You should write no less than 80 words.What is the most important thing in the world? I think it is health.You can take away our money, house, car, or even our clothes and we can survive.But if our health was taken away, we would surely die.That is why we always try to eat in a healthy way and exercise regularly.What's more, I think friends are an important part of one's health.Many studies show that people with a wide range of social contacts get sick less than those who don't.I always feel better when I am with friends than when I am alone.When I am with my friends, I always laugh.Laughing is also an important part of health.I like to laugh with my friends.By eating properly and exercising regularly, I can keep my body at a proper weight and keep healthy.By spending time with my friends, I can keep my mind as well as my body happy.These things sound easy to do, but not many people can manage them.I think a strong will is necessary if we want to keep healthy.大學(xué)英語 III第2次作業(yè) 主觀題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Favorite Season”.You should write no less than 80 words.My favorite season is winter.It lasts from December to February.It is the coidest season in the year.In winter,the days are very short.When it comes ,the leaves fall from the trees.When it snows,the ground is white with snow.We can wear warm clothes and go to make snowmen.It is a good season for skating.I like winter best.大學(xué)英語 III第3次作業(yè) 主觀題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Private Cars”.You should write no less than 80 words.thousands of ordinary families.Privatecars are used every day to carry i people to and from work.At weekends, private cars take families on joyful outings.Most of people living in the city like private cars very much.What is more, the development of the car industry will stimulate other industries, such as iron and steel production.So the private car benefits the growth of economy.Private cars, like everything else, have more than one face.Private cars have also given rise to a series of problems.For example, the street are crowded with cars.They not only cause traffic accidents which injure or kill a large number of people each year, but also make great noise and give off many poisonous gases.But I believe we can solve all of the problems in the near futrue.大學(xué)英語 III第4次作業(yè) 主觀題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “A City to Remember”.You should write no less than 80 words.Every city, be it big or small, rural or urban, ancient or modern, has its own breath of life.Singapore, a small Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Pennisula, is definitely a city to remember.The most remarkable aspect of Singapore is the cosmopolitan nature of her population, a natural result of the country
”s excellent geographical position and commercial success.Today, Singapore is a bustling cosmopolitan city populated with high-rise buildings and landscape gardens.Brimming with a harmonious blend of culture, cuisine, arts and architecture, Singapore is a dynamic city thats rich in contrast and colour.In fact, you can even say that Singapore embodies the finest of both East and West.All in all, Singapore, unique and warm, is a city to remember.”
大學(xué)英語 III第5次作業(yè) 主觀題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Online Shopping”.You should write no less than 80 words.Just as its name implies, online shopping is to conduct the shopping activities online.With the development of Internet and electronic commerce,it seems to be gaining in popularity.Online shopping is accessible round the clock and it makes the world's marketplace at your fingertips.It is so convenience that you can buy whatever you want even at 3 a.m.in the morning;you can choose from a wider variety of things available for you to shop which may not be available in the local brick and mortar stores.What's more,it's always cheaper for you.However,given the lack of ability to inspect merchandise before purchase, consumers are at higher risk of fraud on the part of the merchant than in a physical store.So,when shopping online,we have to choose goods with care.But all in all, I would say its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.
第三篇:西南交大離線作業(yè)2016大學(xué)英語ii
大學(xué)英語II
第1次作業(yè) 主觀題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Favorite Sport”.You should write no less than 80 words.I like doingsports very much, such as running, skating, swimming and so on.But playing basketball is my favorite.Playing basketball can make me stronger and stronger.And keeping playing it can make my basketball skills better.Playing basketball is not only very interesting but also helps me make many friends.I don't forget when I was very young my father sent me a basketball as my bithday gift and he taught me how to play it.From then on I loved playing basktball very much.I also enjoy watching NBA games on TV and Kobe Bryant is my favorite baskteball player.I hope I can have a chance to see an NBA game in person.I wish I can play basketball with Kobe Bryant one day.第2次作業(yè) 主觀題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Beloved Grandparents”.You should write no less than 80 words.My grandparents are very special to me.They have worked hard all their lives and sacrificed a lot for my family.Not only that,but they are also special friends to me.They are easier to talk to than my parents and they are very kindmto me.For example,my grandmother makes me delicious things to eat and my grandfather often takes me fishing.In addtion,they are the leaders of my family.They are full of wisdom and know the stories of our ancestors.They are the ones that hold our family together.As a result,I owe them a great deal,but I don't know how to repay them.All I can do is cherish them and never take them for granted.第3次作業(yè) 主觀題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “The Course I Hate Most of the Long-distance Education”.You should write no less than 80 words.English is the course that I hate most of the long distance education and I am bad at English.English is really very hard for me, as it is so different from Chinese.First, I cant remember a lot of new words.Second, Im weak in grammar.Third, my listening is poor.Fourth, I cant speak English very well, and I dont have any chance to talk with foreigners.With so many difficulties, I am afraid of learning English and hate learning this course very much.第4次作業(yè)
主觀題
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “How to Learn English Well?”.You should write no less than 80 words.As we know , English has become an international language.It is more popular than any other language in China.English i s widely spoken in the world and it is the most useful language around the world.But how to learn it well ? The best way is to use it all the time.If we can talk in English , think in English we can learn it well.At school , we should learn to hear , speak, read and write carefully.We should spend enough time in practicing English.If we keep on workinghard at English , we will be able to be good at it one day.第5次作業(yè)
主觀題
建議你在30分鐘內(nèi),根據(jù)下面所給的提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。上星期天你打電話叫Jack和你去公園。在公園你們看見??,你們玩得很高興。get up late;call;提示詞匯: get to;many people;do exercise;read;lake;fly Last Sunday, I got up very late.After having my breakfast, I called Jack to go to park with me, and he agreed happily.We met at the gate of the park and then went inside to play.We saw many people there.Some were doing exercise;some were reading books under the tree.There's also a very beautiful lake in the park.It was just like a mirror.Jack and I bought two kites.The wind was so strong that we began to fly kites on the grass.We really had a very happy day in the park!
第四篇:西南交大大學(xué)英語IV離線作業(yè)
大學(xué)英語IV第1次作業(yè)
二、主觀題(共1道小題)41.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Ideal Job”.You should write no less than 100 words.My ideal job
My ideal job is to be able to work this morning, 9:00, 5:00 pm from work, there is a bright and spacious office, there is a beautiful female secretary, wages 20,000 yuan, from time to time and then sent some incentive shuttle bus to and from workthe weekend to rest without overtime, and can be paid leave, five insurance payments, on the whole, God, I'm not dreaming.41.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Favorite Means of Getting Information”.You should write no less than 100 words.My Favorite Means of Getting Information My favorite means of access to information on the network, the network information very broad coverage, has a collection of all walks of life, the search method is very simple, with a computer can sit at home, do not have to run between the Library.But the search also requires skill, such as keywords, search keywords is incorrect, it will affect the search results.41.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “Health and Wealth”.You should write no less
than 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given below.1)有人認(rèn)為健康重要,而有人認(rèn)為財(cái)富重要; 2)你的觀點(diǎn)。
Health and Wealth If you have a day in front of the health and wealth of trade-offs, I would not hesitate to choose healthy, alive in my mind is the greatest wealth, only to have a strong physique, we are better able to enjoy, if webody as a whole by the disease plagued, even if there is no amount of money, what with it.The money is worldly possessions, students do not, and refuses to take.41.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Opinion on Mobile Phones”.You should write no less than 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given below.1)現(xiàn)今手機(jī)被人們廣泛使用; 2)手機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。
My Opinion on Mobile Phones The mobile phone has become an the human essential communication tools, no matter where you are, anytime, anywhere and the person you want to call, you can shorten the communication distance, but the phone has brought us convenience while, the phone also brought usgreat hidden dangers, such as
electromagnetic radiation, although the electromagnetic radiation also can not prove whether the harm to human beings, but we can say with certainty, electromagnetic radiation is absolutely useless.41.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Plan for the Spring Festival”.You should write no less than 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given below.1)介紹你的春節(jié)計(jì)劃; 2)說明其中一項(xiàng)活動。
My Plan for the Spring Festival Spring Festival is a traditional festival of the Chinese people, a busy year, we first need to relax tired body, and then the whole family to sit together and have dinner.Furthermore, the Spring Festival is the friends and family for a long time to spend days, even the Spring Festival or the travel of a good time, because we have enough time to enjoy the Spring Festival Features.3
第五篇:西南交大大學(xué)英語IV離線作業(yè)
2014—2015第二學(xué)期
離 線 作 業(yè)
科 目: 姓 名: 學(xué) 號: 專 業(yè):
西南交通大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育學(xué)院
太 原 學(xué)習(xí)中 心
大學(xué)英語IV第1次作業(yè)
二、主觀題(共1道小題)41.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Ideal Job”.You should write no less than 100 words.My ideal job
My ideal job is to be able to work this morning, 9:00, 5:00 pm from work, there is a bright and spacious office, there is a beautiful female secretary, wages 20,000 yuan, from time to time and then sent some incentive shuttle bus to and from workthe weekend to rest without overtime, and can be paid leave, five insurance payments, on the whole, God, I'm not dreaming.大學(xué)英語IV第2次作業(yè)
41.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Favorite Means of Getting Information”.You should write no less than 100 words.My Favorite Means of Getting Information My favorite means of access to information on the network, the network information very broad coverage, has a collection of all walks of life, the search method is very simple, with a computer can sit at home, do not have to run between the Library.But the search also requires skill, such as keywords, search keywords is incorrect, it will affect the search results.大學(xué)英語IV第3次作業(yè)
41.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “Health and Wealth”.You should write no less than 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given below.1)有人認(rèn)為健康重要,而有人認(rèn)為財(cái)富重要; 2)你的觀點(diǎn)。
Health and Wealth If you have a day in front of the health and wealth of trade-offs, I would not hesitate to choose healthy, alive in my mind is the greatest wealth, only to have a strong physique, we are better able to enjoy, if webody as a whole by the disease plagued, even if there is no amount of money, what with it.The money is worldly possessions, students do not, and refuses to take.大學(xué)英語IV第4次作業(yè)
41.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Opinion on Mobile Phones”.You should write no less than 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given below.1)現(xiàn)今手機(jī)被人們廣泛使用; 2)手機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。
My Opinion on Mobile Phones The mobile phone has become an the human essential communication tools, no matter where you are, anytime, anywhere and the person you want to call, you can shorten the communication distance, but the phone has brought us convenience while, the phone also brought usgreat hidden dangers, such as electromagnetic radiation, although the electromagnetic radiation also can not prove whether the harm to human beings, but we can say with certainty, electromagnetic radiation is absolutely useless.大學(xué)英語IV第5次作業(yè)
41.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Plan for the Spring Festival”.You should write no less than 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given below.1)介紹你的春節(jié)計(jì)劃; 2)說明其中一項(xiàng)活動。
My Plan for the Spring Festival Spring Festival is a traditional festival of the Chinese people, a busy year, we first need to relax tired body, and then the whole family to sit together and have dinner.Furthermore, the Spring Festival is the friends and family for a long time to spend days, even the Spring Festival or the travel of a good time, because we have enough time to enjoy the Spring Festival Features.