第一篇:云計算不是一種服務是一項技術
云計算不是一種服務是一項技術
在2011CENC中國企業網絡通信大會上,工信部電信研究院總工程師蔣林濤表示云不是一種服務或者服務理念,而是一種技術,而且不是一項全新的技術,是一系列技術的繼承和發展。
云計算與三種服務形態沒有直接關系
提到云計算,人們總是要列出IaaS、PaaS、SaaS這三種服務形態。但是對此,蔣林濤認為這三種個服務形態早已經存在,不是只有云才能提供,這三種服務形態和云計算并沒有直接關系。
“一臺大型計算機外接遠程終端也可以提供IaaS、PaaS、SaaS這三種服務。所以從嚴格意義上說,云與服務沒有關系,云是一種實現技術,它將分離的IT資源有序的組織起來和有效的使用起來。云的用途不會局限于提供應用,在很多平臺的建設中也可以采用云計算技術,當然只有在建設規模以上的平臺體系時才值得去做,否則僅僅是徒有虛名,而不會得到實質意義的好處。”蔣林濤警惕道。
云計算是IDC的一種補充
目前,云的最主要用途是用于建設新一代的IDC。IDC是存在已久的IT基礎設施,IDC一般有兩方面的能力:設備托管和IT資源出租。其中,IT資源出租就和云計算有著緊密的聯系。據了解,以資源出租為主的IDC有三種工作模式:集中方式、分散方式和分布方式。
蔣林濤認為分布式IDC在進入云計算前是沒有的,分布式是目前IDC缺乏的一種工作模式,而云計算正好是一種分布式技術,所以,使用云計算技術來實現IDC,正好補充了分布式IDC這種工作形式。
(飛象網)
第二篇:服務是一種幸福
服務是一種幸福
她,在窗口服務崗位上,總能讓客戶滿意而歸,用心架起了企業與客戶的橋梁;她,通過不斷刻苦努力,掌握了扎實的業務技能,多次被榮獲各級“服務明星”榮譽稱號;她,只是平凡崗位上的一名普通的收樣員,8年的青春獻給了企業卻無怨無悔。她就是,一位樂觀上進、富有朝氣的80后女孩。2005年,她以天使般的微笑、細致的服務和熱情的工作態度,不僅在平凡崗位上充分體現了自身價值和獨特青春風采,更完美詮釋了“客戶滿意,我的責任”的 “陽光”服務理念,贏得了客戶與同事的一致好評。她說,客戶的肯定,是最大的滿足;客戶的理解,是工作的強大動力;客戶的抱怨是金,她希望在抱怨中變得更加完美。客戶夸她“最貼心”“大伯,千萬百計為客戶省錢、省心,做好客戶用電的貼心小顧問,許多客戶都對王憬的服務工作印象深刻。“雖然這的每個營業員服務態度都很好,但我每次到營業廳辦業務還是喜歡找小王,因為她辦事特別用心負責,服務也非常周到,我都把當自家的親女兒了!”一說起王憬,家住營業廳附近的鄭大娘對她的服務工作更是贊不絕口。鄭大娘說,她每個月都會去營業廳查電費,但由于自己沒讀過什么書,不識字,所以每次去營業廳辦業務都很麻煩,也很不好意思,不過王憬每次都對她很耐心,不僅會把電費單上的信息一字一句地讀給她聽,而且在得知鄭大娘腿腳不便后,更是每月直接將電費清單送到她家里,這令鄭大娘感動不已,并直夸王憬比自己的兒女還要親。在同事們的眼中,王憬是一個聰明而且學習能力極強的人。她的同事應婷說,學習同樣一個東西,她總是要比大家要學的快,同樣的工作任務,她也總是第一個出色完成,經過短短幾年的學習積累,王憬已經掌握了扎實的業務知識技能,成為了營業廳里的崗位能手,并很快被提拔為營業廳號長。因為王憬總是愿意和同事們分享自己的一些學習、工作經驗,幫助大家共同提高成長。新進員工吳婧說,自新員工進入營業廳以來,是王憬手把手地傳授她們業務知識和技能。而且無論王憬有多忙,只要有問題找她,她都會非常耐心地進行解答,幾個新人的業務水平因此得到了飛速提升,每個人都已經能夠獨挑大梁。除了佩服王憬工作能力強外,同事們其實更看中她對大伙在生活中的那份珍貴情誼。禮儀督導師李衛平回憶說,有一年王憬過生日,全家人圍著桌子等她回去慶生,但是家人等了很久卻不見她的到來,打她的電話也不接,著急的家人只好打電話到單位詢問,才知道因為同事突然生病無人照看,王憬得知消息后急忙陪她去醫院打點滴,把手機落在了辦公室里,直到晚上10點多回單位才看到手機上幾十個未接來電,還有全體同事給她發的短信:生日快樂!領導愛她“敢創新”做好服務工作需要創新,而王憬就非常喜歡在創新方面動點腦經,因此部門領導都很喜愛她,直夸她是營業廳的參謀長。更令人沒想到的是,王憬還根據不同情境研究出了一套能迅速與客戶搭建信任關系的溝通技巧:遇到抽煙的客戶,她會滿臉微笑地提醒他:“您好,請吃顆糖,為了你的健康,請不要吸煙”;代客戶復印身份證,細心地她發現當天是客戶生日,會送上誠懇地祝福:“祝您生日快樂”;在為客戶辦理免費短信提醒,發現對方手機號碼很有規律,她會說:“您的號碼很好,真好記”。此外,她會給每位來辦理業務的客戶發放名片,并建立了一個電力客戶QQ群,以便為客戶提供多渠道的服務。家人想她“早回家”“我們一個大辦公室30多號人,她常常是最晚一個回家。”很多人認為電力窗口服務工作枯燥乏味,她卻有不同見解:“把簡單的事情重復千萬次地做好,就是不簡單;把容易的事情認真地做對,就是不容易。”說到底就是把一件事情重復千百次的做對了,但是這對于很多人來說,就是一個活生生的奇跡,而她卻做到了。這就是王憬,明星班組中一顆閃耀的明星,她說,服務工作是美麗的,在“陽光”營業廳工作就是她此生最大的幸福。
第三篇:跆拳道是一項運用手足技術
岳輝跆拳道暑假班招生簡章
跆拳道是一項以腿為主、以拳為輔的競技運動,被稱為“踢的藝術”。主要學習內容分為腿法、品勢(拳法)、禮儀三大部分。通過日常學習,增進腿法,品勢的技藝,提高學員耐力、柔韌、爆發和協調等身體素質。同時,輔以“禮儀廉恥、忍耐克己、百折不屈”的學習精神,使學員在健體同時強志,懂得忍耐和尊重。
醫學博士麥克羅依先生指出練跆拳道有如下益處:可刺激和開發練習者的速度、力量,靈敏耐力等身體素質。可提高心血管系統、呼吸循環系統機能以及中樞系統的靈活性,可克服自身的懶惰、消極、怯懦、畏懼等不良因素。可培養堅韌果斷,自信良好的意志品質,從而造就健康的身心等。健體:健體作用不言而喻。其動作中的各種踢腿、手臂的上格、下截、拉伸等動作,可使肌肉和力量得到增強,肌腱、韌帶、肌肉的彈性得以提高,從而增強人的體力和柔韌性。啟智: 跆拳道可給大腦許多良好刺激。練習過程不單是骨骼肌肉的收縮,而是空間感知、經驗、類型識別等右腦功能的綜合發揮,因此非常有利于發展青少年的空間轉換、形體感知等右腦功能,提高了形象思維和創造力。育心:跆拳道需要通過做變換方向的動作來明確方位,從而發展了空間知覺;此外,孩子們還要主動想辦法克服困難,這鍛煉了意志,培養了勇敢精神,學會了對人、事、物的正確態度。知禮:跆拳道推崇“禮始禮終”的尚武精神,講究未曾學藝先學禮,未曾習武先習德。通過師生間的互敬、活動時的敬禮儀式、同學之間的相互禮讓等,讓孩子理解了“禮”的含義,知道怎樣做才是“禮”的表現。
一、招生對象:幼兒園中大班、小學生、高中生、上班族。
二、教學內容:
1、跆拳道的歷史、特點、精神、禮儀。
2、太極八章前三章。
3、腿法、拳法、步法、身法、防守法。
三、教練——畢業于西安體育學院本科學士,國家一級裁判,國家一級運動員,跆拳道教練培訓講師,多年跆拳道教學經驗。曾多次獲多個省市冠軍。
四、開課時間學生放假后的第二天到8月31號,每天上課時間90分鐘。
五、課程設置上午 6:00----7:30
聯系電話:******
第四篇:云計算及其安全技術學習心得
云計算及其安全技術學習心得
作為一個云計算技術研究的工作人員,通過本課程的學習加深了我對云計算及其安全技術的認識。主要的心得體會如下:
隨著科學技術的迅速發展,現代信息化建設對信息量的要求越來越高,傳統IT技術已不能滿足要求,高效率、低成本地對海量數據進行存儲和處理的云計算技術就應運而生。云計算[1]是基于互聯網的相關服務的增加、使用和交付模式,通過互聯網來提供動態易擴展虛擬化的資源。云計算將賦予互聯網更大的內涵,更多應用能以互聯網服務的方式交付和運行;同時也擴大了IT軟硬件產品應用的外延和改變了軟硬件產品的應用模式。云計算是一種新的商業模式,帶動IT產業格局的變化,為全球信息技術產業帶來全新的發展機遇,同時也深刻影響世界經濟的發展。
我國政府高度重視對云計算的發展,把云計算列為重點發展的戰略性新興產業。2012年9月,為了加快推進云計算技術創新和產業發展,科技部發布了《中國云科技發展“十二五”專項規劃》。權威機構預測,未來三年中國云計算產業鏈的產值規模將達到2000億元。《2013-2017年中國云計算產業發展前景與投資戰略規劃分析報告》指出,近年來企業在不斷增加其云服務資產,并已經準備好開始集成工作;調查發現超過74%的企業客戶計劃用服務提供商來實現系統集成。同時,隨著我國智慧城市建設的鋪開,以及各地方的公有云和大型企業私有云建設的快速開展,中國云計算市場規模將進一步增大。
云計算技術的快速發展,用戶對其可靠性和安全性有了越來越多的需求。根據美國研究公司Gartner發布的《云計算安全風險評估》的報告稱云計算服務存在著如下七大潛在的安全風險[8],安全問題依然不容忽視:可審查性、特權用戶的接入、數據隔離和加密、數據恢復、數據位置、長期生存性以及調查支持持特定的調查。
云計算安全技術主要表現在身份的保護、基礎設施的保護和信息數據的保護三個方面。第一個方面就是身份的保護。對于身份安全來說,用戶需要強認證機制,一般考慮ID和密碼的保護。在云環境中需要身份認證技術,才能實現云服務和應用的安全遷移;第二個方面是基礎架構的安全保護。基礎架構主要包括軟硬件、網絡設備、操作系統和應用環境等。對基礎架構安全來說,要確保基礎架構的安全是一項非常大的挑戰。這就需要非常強的可信鏈條,這個可信鏈條不僅包括硬件安全,還有因特網、操作系統、虛擬化等,整個鏈條都要有非常強的可信性;第三個方面就是數據和信息的安全保護。對于數據和信息的安全保護也有兩個方面,既數據的完整性和信息的保密性。數據的完整性主要指數據在被訪問的時候,不應該被隨意篡改、增加或刪減。信息的保密性指信息只能是有權限的人才能閱讀。這方面的技術主要有分布式的密鑰管理技術、密鑰的加密技術以及DLP技術等。
云計算作為一項新興的技術,特點突出、優勢明顯,得到了眾多人的追捧。云計算技術高速發展給互聯網帶來了新的機遇與挑戰,各大IT公司加入到云計算行業,推出自己的云服務。但與此同時,云計算還面臨諸多安全隱患,尤其是云安全問題,有待云計算相關安全技術的進一步研究解決。
第五篇:云計算 服務遷移service_migration總結
1.introduction 云服務遷移是云計算實現中的一個概念,它確保了個體或組織的數據,或其它商業元素,能輕松地在不同的云供應商之間,或在一個私有云設施內部,轉移或遷移,且不用克服實現、整合、兼容性及互操作性問題。通過服務遷移,應用,基礎設施,或者任意云主持的應用、服務都能避免被鎖定在一個運營商的情況。服務遷移也定義了應用能部署在其它云供應商或被私有云架構支持的過程及框架。服務遷移的整個過程由幾個不同進程和技術組成,它們依賴于被遷移的應用或服務的復雜性。服務遷移也包括了通過在開放式標準和框架上設計、開發云基礎架構,而進行的最佳實踐的開發。
服務前移是非常復雜的,因為大多數云服務供應商使用了專利技術,為了把數據從一個供應商的存儲中轉移到另一個,有時必須首先把數據移回用戶自己的服務器上,然后再從這里轉移到新的供應商地點。甚至這樣時,由于需要格式的變換來確認數據也可能需要被重定格式,Even then, the data may need to be reformatted because of formatting changes made to conform to the first service provider’s system.Such a situation may lead to vendor lock-in – a situation in which a product or service vendor has made it so difficult or expensive to transition to a competitor’s offering that customers are effectively “locked in.”
2.Services Migration in Clouds 2.1架構
The servicemigration concept extends the notion of a service-orientedarchitecture.Web service has been the major standard for realizingSOA.Web services have good encapsulationand strong integration capabilities.Web services dynamicdistribution.Service providers and service requesters may bedistributed in different geographic locations.There are twoways to complete the request issued by the service requester.One is the data migration.The requester transfers data to aservice provider to have it analyzed.After that, the providerreturns the result back to the requester.The other way is theweb service migration.The requester desires to acquire aservice comes to his system to analyze the data.After thedata is processed, the service is moved from the requester'ssystem.For a large amount of data, such as a large set ofgigabytes to terabytes, rendered across the wide area networkcan be costly, it may increase the communication latencysignificantly.Due to the reason above, many researches work on theweb service migration are interested in minimizing thecommunication cost.In cloud environment,hardwareresources and their management utilities are all provided asservices.A large number of services deployed in differentnetwork domains.So it can directly select the “nearest”servers to migrate the services.The term “nearest” coversessential factors of service quality, including networkbandwidth, network delay, server capacity, service type,connecting fee, etc..A new infrastructure to support themigration of web services in cloud is presented.The proposed infrastructure includes five components: Load&Proximity Analyzer(LPA), Services DependencyAnalyzer(SDA), Publish/Select Manager(PSM), ServiceMigration Manager(SMM), and Service Migration DecisionManager(SMDM).In current web infrastructure, theinteractions among all components are soap messages basedon httpihttps.A host can be a web service provider, a webservice requester, or even a web service proxy.1)負載&鄰近分析儀
收集所有主機的cpu負載信息和主機與其鄰居間的鄰近信息,并更新維護。The LPA runs periodically to collect all hosts' cpu loadinformation and the proximity information between the hostand its neighbors.When the network topology changes, itwill result in proximity change.We use the round trip timepackets and the number of hops they had traveled to reflectthe proximity's change.We also may use overage queuingdelay to reflect the cpu's load information.2)服務依賴分析儀
管理服務器之間的呼叫依賴性,獲取相關服務的配置參數和它們的依賴性,分析來確保所選服務的先前服務被加入到正確的PSM中。
The SDA is used to manage the calling dependencyamong web services.It's function including capturing theconfiguration parameters of interrelated services and theirdependencies, analyzing the integrity to make sure that theantecedent services of the selected service are added to thecorrect PSM, avoiding incorrect cyclic dependencies ofsystem services, and generating proper configuration settingsequence.3)發布/選擇管理
如果一個主機提供了特定的服務或接收了從其他主機遷移來的服務,它會向PSM發送注冊請求。
If a host provides a specific web service or receives aweb service which migrated from another host, it will sendthe registration request to the PSM.So there may have manyentries for the same web service.When a requester sendsweb service looking request to the PSM, it should decidewhich entry is the best for the requestor based on therequestor's location, the information from the LPA, and thesecurity factors.4)服務遷移決策管理
收集分析從LPA何SDA來的必要數據,作出服務遷移的決定。考慮網絡帶寬,服務有效期,服務器容量,服務訪問頻率,可轉移性等。
The SMDM is responsible for collecting and analyzingthe essential data from LPA and SDA to make the decisionon service migration.Factors should be taken into accountare network bandwidth, service valid period, server capacity,service access frequency, and transferability, etc.5)服務遷移管理
在SMDM決定何時并向何處遷移服務后,SMM收集并打包服務的狀態信息,把它們轉移到目的主機,并在目的主機上重建執行服務的環境。
After the SMDM decides when and where to migrate theweb service, the SMMcollects and packs the states ofservices, transfers them to the destination host, andreconstructs the executing environment on the target host.2.2服務遷移決策管理機制
Before SMDM make migration decision, it should takethree aspects into account: whether a web service ismigratable, when to migrate a web service, and where tomigrate a web service.1)In cloud environment, web services not only meansoftware sources, but also include the hardware sources, thedevelopment platforms, the databases, etc.These sources arenot all suitable for migration.For example, during a host isexecuting a web service, it need to access data from adatabase which residents on a remote server.At this time, themigration cost to migrate the database to the host may be toohigh.Even the migration cost is acceptable, the conditions toset up the database may not meet for this host.So we canconsider that the migration of a database is unacceptable.Similarly, it is not feasible to migrate a hardware indistributed area.It denotes these kinds of sources areunmigratable.We can label a web service is migratable orunmigratable when it published.The SMDM may not sendmigration command to the SMM if a web service isunmigratable.2)提出負載門檻
When to migrate a web service is an important factor forSMDM to make migration decision.One of the innovationsof this paper is that we propose a schema to determine themigration time.We predefine a overload threshold inSMDM.When the LPA collected the performance data fromall the hosts periodically, SMDM compares the data with theoverload threshold and makes migration decision accordingto the comparison results.For example, we may predefinethe migration condition is cpu's use-ratio more than 80%.Once the data collected from LPA shows a provider's usagerate of cpu is over the threshold, it means the serviceresidents on this provider should be migrated.3)After decided when to migrate, the next step for SMDMis to determine where the appropriate destination server toaccommodate the web service is migrated from the provider.When a provider publish a web service, it also providesconstraints that should be met to execute the web service(such as the required operation system, the minimal memoryrequirement etc)and the priority information among theseconditions.So there may have some candidate hosts in cloudcan provide the appropriate environment to accommodate theweb services.We should choose one among them.Thedecision is based on the conditions and the priorityinformation that the candidate can provide.4)Besides the consideration of constraints and the priorityinformation, the migration cost is also should be taken intoconsideration.When a client issues a web service request toa provider, the SDA constructs the web service call tree, theLPA collect round trip time between hosts and the averagequeuing delay.All these information are sent to the SMDM.SMDM computes the migration cost based on a cost modeland find the best host which yield lowest cost as a target host.3.Agent-based Service Migration Framework in Hybrid Cloud Figure 1 shows the architecture of the proposedsystem, which involves a federated broker and the hybridenvironment.Since the public cloud is charged in pay-perusescheme, in general, it should provide dynamic provisionof resources involving the computing platform and requiredstorage.In other words, the proposed system can start newcomputing cluster from public cloud for new jobsdynamically while the loading of private cloud is overrun.Such capability is provided by most virtualization tools ofvirtual machine, such as XEN, Microsoft’s Hyper-V andKVM.The tools provide Application Programming Interfaceto manage the resource of virtual machine.In addition,private cloud and public cloud can be connected via virtualprivate network(VPN)or public network if do not considerthe security issue between private cloud and public cloud.3.1聯盟代理
Federated Broker layer is the second tier in thearchitecture.It is responsible for monitoring system resourceand all behaviors of resource, reconfiguring system scale,and migrating services and balancing the load betweenclouds.The layer consists of three agents and tworepositories;there are System Monitoring Agent,Reconfiguration Decision Agent, Service Migration Agent,Profiling Database, and System/Service InformationDatabase, respectively._ System Monitoring Agent(SyMA): The agent isresponsible for collecting the loading andremaindering resource related information of allnodes in the hybrid cloud.It will activelycommunicate with the Cluster Admin Agent(CAA)resided in each cluster periodically to get theinformation or passively receive the heartbeatmessage that contains the information from CAA.The information involving in the heartbeat are asfollows: 1)cluster's name, 2)cluster's loadinformation, 3)jobs etc.Upon receiving a heartbeatmessage, the SyMAwill log the information toProfiling Database and System/Server InformationDatabase._ Reconfiguration Decision Agent(RDA): The RDAis used to reconfigure and adjust the cloudenvironment after the reconfiguration policy isfitted.The RDA can retrieve current cluster's statusand loading information in the cluster to decide toadjust the scale of public cloud or not.If the SyMAis noticed the private cloud is overloading, he willcontacts the RDA to initiate the reconfigurationprocess to balance the loading between private andpublic cloud.Also, the SyMAwill notify the RDAscale the public cloud down if the private cloud isunder loading during a time period._ Service Migration Agent(SeMA): It is responsiblefor managing and initiating the service migrationbetween private and public cloud.If RDA informsit that the public cloud is scaled up and send amessage to migrate a job to public cloud, the SeMAwill initiate the service migration process accordingto the policy of service migration.The policy andalgorithm will be depicted next section._ Profiling Database: The database is to store theprofile of public cloud including the resourceinformation the public cloud has, such as thenumber of VM, the size of memory and storage,the bandwidth of link to public cloud, and theusage of these resources, which can be used to helpfor making decision of scaling._ System/Service Repository: The repository keepsthe system and service related information, such asthe location of private and public cloud, theinformation of services run in the hybrid cloud, andso on.3.2云內的代理
Except for the components in the federated layermentioned above, there are two agents will be developedinto both private and public cloud platform.They areCluster Admin Agent and Job Agent._ Cluster Admin Agent(CAA): The CAA is the maincomponent on the cluster, which can manage thewhole cluster and negotiate the actions with agents infederated layer.He also periodically collects cluster’sinformation, and sends them to SyMAthat isembedded within the heartbeat message.Besides, italso manages and guide the running of Job Agents runin the cluster._ Job Agent(JA): In order to deliver a service to othercloud, a service will be encapsulated into a JA beforemigrating to other cloud.A JA has all the informationa service needed, includes service's execution file,service's input data, the location to be migrated, andso on.Code mobility can be divided into two categories [5]:strong mobility and weak mobility.The strong mobility ischaracterized as if it allows executing units to move theircode and execution state to a different site, while weakmobility only allows moving their code.In the currentversion of proposed solution, in order to simplify thecomplexity of current system design, we encapsulate aservice into a JA, and provide weak migration scheme.Thejob model and encapsulating a job into JA are shown inFigure 2.It only restarts the execution instance from thebeginning of the code.In other words, all migrated serviceswill be re-executed in the other cloud environment.3.3服務遷移流程
圖3是服務遷移的具體流程,其步驟如下:
1)簇管理代理周期性的發送包含負載信息的heartbeat message給系統監控代理。2)系統監控代理通過計算負載信息來檢查云的負載是否平衡。
3)如果非常不平衡,系統監控代理通知重配置決策代理調整公共云的大小。重配置決策代理基于它的決策向公共云的簇管理代理發送一個請求。
4)公共云的簇管理代理將啟動新的簇來接受和部署遷移服務,并把結果返回給重配置決策代理。5)重配置決策代理接著通知服務遷移代理遷移服務至公共云。
6)服務遷移代理根據遷移策略計算哪個服務將被遷移至公共云,并通知私有云和公共云。
3.4遷移策略
Although the hybrid cloud is constructed as a federatedmodel, we assume that all services initially are stored in theprivate cloud, excepting exterior job submitted by users.Therefore, all jobs invoked by users are queued in theprivate cloud first.When the load of the private cloudexceeds, the SyMAwill initiate service migration process.服務遷移策略是在服務遷移過程將要開始的時候用來做出決策。用來做出決策的算法有3個,分別是JC(Job Count),SJ(Size of Job)和EFT(EstimatedFinish Time)。
1)JC方案是最簡單的一個。它僅僅根據兩個云中作業的數量來做出決定。2)SJ方案基于兩個云中作業的總大小來做出遷移決策。3)EFT方案通過估算兩個云中完成作業的時間來做出決策。