第一篇：美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在全美年度教師頒獎典禮上的講話 718

美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在全美年度教師頒獎典禮上的講話

2009年4月30日，新上任的美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在白宮的玫瑰園舉行了全美年度教師頒獎典禮，在這個典禮上，新任總統(tǒng)與新任年度教師的兩段致詞感動了許多人。

總統(tǒng)先生說：“我和米歇爾都沒有令人羨慕的家庭背景，我們能夠來到這里的唯一原因，就是在人生的關(guān)鍵時刻，有像托尼，馬倫這樣的老師將我們引入了正確的方向”。而托尼老師說在得知自己獲獎的消息之后，很多記者都問他一個問題，那就是他心目中的好教師究竟是什么樣的？

托尼想了三個詞匯，激情，專業(yè)和毅力。激情是奪目的光芒，無法讓人視而不見，專業(yè)是技術(shù)保障，毅力是個性品質(zhì)。但除了這些，托尼認(rèn)為一定還有一些更重要的東西，所以才有了那段著名的頒獎感言：“真正優(yōu)秀的教師具有一個重要的品質(zhì)，那就是能夠讀懂故事，他知道每一個來到自己跟前的孩子，都有一個獨(dú)一無二的故事。好老師不僅能夠讀懂故事，還能夠把信心和成功寫入孩子的故事，他幫助孩子編輯錯誤，和孩子一起創(chuàng)作更美的故事”。以下是原文:

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在文中提到：

You know, we've got a lot of teachers here today and I'm a big fan of teachers because every single day in classrooms all across America, you are making a difference.You don't always get the recognition that you deserve.We don't always value the teaching profession like we should.But every once in a while, I think people start to understand not just in their own lives but in the lives of the nation how important the teaching profession is and how we've got to do a better job of lifting it up.In a global economy where the greatest job qualification isn't what you can do but what you know, our teachers are the key to our nation's success;to whether America will lead the world in the discoveries and the innovations and economic prosperity of this new century.And that's why as President I'm committed to doing everything I can to support the work of teachers.That's why we're working to create better standards and assessments that teachers can use in their classroom.That's why we're promoting innovation in teaching and learning, making critical investments in early childhood education, and helping more Americans walk through the door of higher education.And it's why we're taking ground-breaking steps to recruit, prepare, support and reward outstanding teachers--to encourage our best and brightest young people to follow in the footsteps of folks just like you.This is especially critical right now, as so many teachers from the baby boom generation are preparing to retire--although they all look pretty young back here--(laughter)--we're not worried about that.And recent evaluations of student performance show that while we're making progress, we still have a long way to go.I know personally, Michelle knows that what teachers do is not easy.My sister, Maya, is a teacher;Jill Biden, a teacher.We know how hard teachers work.And I know what all of you do by staying past that last bell;staying up late grading those papers;putting together lesson plans;spending your own money on books and supplies;and going beyond the call of duty.You do it because you know that's what will make a difference, because you believe that there's no such thing as a child that can't learn;that every child has their own gifts, and it's up to us to discover them--and it's up to us to see in our children what they can't yet see in themselves.（看來總統(tǒng)還是清楚教師這一職業(yè)并給與認(rèn)可和高度評價的！）

And for you, those teachers who are in attendance today and for so many of your colleagues across this country, teaching is not just about a paycheck--it's a passion and it's a calling.下面是托尼老師的部分獲獎感言：

When I was named Connecticut State Teacher of the Year, a local reporter approached me and asked me what makes a good teacher.I told him that passion, professionalism, and perseverance are three main traits a good teacher must display in the classroom--and they are.But as I drove home that day, the reporter's question began to nag at me because I knew good teachers possess some other special quality that make them able to connect to students, to make students feel important and wanted.I pondered the question because, although he may not have realized at the time--the reporter got a 10-second sound bite and I was handed a Rubik's Cube--the question did not seem to have an easy answer, because good teachers use a variety of teaching techniques to help children learn well.But the investigator in me was looking for a common thread that linked all good teachers.And I finally came to realize that the very best teachers have one common quality: They know how to read a story.They know that each and every child arrives at their classroom door with a unique and intriguing, yet incomplete story.The really good teachers are able to read a child's story, and recognize the remarkable opportunity to help author that story.The really good teachers know how to script confidence and success onto the blank pages.They know how to edit the mistakes.And they want to help write a happy ending.Really good teachers know they have the ability to make a child happy or sad, to make a child feel confident or unsure, to make a child feel wanted or discarded.And students know when we care, when we care enough to read their stories.（此話很有道理，為人師者應(yīng)從之！）

第二篇：美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在諾貝爾和平獎頒獎典禮上的講話

美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在諾貝爾和平獎頒獎典禮上的講話

美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬12月10日美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在挪威首都奧斯陸市政廳發(fā)表獲得諾貝爾和平獎感言，他指出，這個獎表達(dá)出人類的最高理想，并戰(zhàn)爭有時無可避免，但人類應(yīng)讓歷史朝著正義的方向前進(jìn)，以下是講話全文：

REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT AT THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE Oslo City Hall, Oslo, Norway

December 10, 2009 奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在諾貝爾和平獎頒獎典禮上的講話 挪威奧斯陸市政大廳 2009年12月10日

Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses，distinguished members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, citizens of America, and citizens of the world:

國王和王后陛下，各位殿下，杰出的挪威諾貝爾委員會（Norwegian Nobel Committee）委員，美國公民及全世界公民們：

I receive this honor with deep gratitude and great humility.It is an award that speaks to our highest aspirations--that for all the cruelty and hardship of our world, we are not mere prisoners of fate.Our actions matter, and can bend history in the direction of justice.獲此殊榮，我深懷感激并深表謙恭。這個獎表達(dá)出我們的最高理想——盡管這個世界存在種種兇殘困苦，但我們并不任命運(yùn)擺布。我們的行動是有作用的，能夠推動歷史向正義方向發(fā)展。

And yet I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the considerable controversy that your generous decision has generated.(Laughter.)In part, this is because I am at the beginning, and not the end, of my labors on the world stage.Compared to some of the giants of history who?ve received this prize--Schweitzer and King;Marshall and Mandela--my accomplishments are slight.And then there are the men and women around the world who have been jailed and beaten in the pursuit of justice;those who toil in humanitarian organizations to relieve suffering;the unrecognized millions whose quiet acts of courage and compassion inspire even the most hardened cynics.I cannot argue with those who find these men and women--some known, some obscure to all but those they help--to be far more deserving of this honor than I.不過，如果不坦承你們這項厚愛有加的決定所引起的相當(dāng)激烈的爭議，那我就有失疏忽了。（笑聲）其中部分原因是，我在世界舞臺上的奮斗才剛剛開始，而不是接近尾聲。與曾經(jīng)獲此殊榮的一些歷史巨人相比——史懷哲（Schweitzer）和馬丁·路德·金(King)；馬歇爾(Marshall)和曼德拉(Mandela)——我的成就微不足道。還有全世界為追求正義而遭到監(jiān)禁和歐打的男女志士；那些為減輕苦難而在人道組織中艱辛工作的人；那千百萬默默無聞地以充滿勇氣和關(guān)愛的無聲行動讓最悲觀的憤世嫉俗者也受到感召的人們。我絕不反駁那些認(rèn)為這樣的男女志士——有些知名，有些只為他們所幫助的對象所知 ——遠(yuǎn)比我有資格獲此殊榮的看法。

But perhaps the most profound issue surrounding my receipt of this prize is the fact that I am the Commander-in-Chief of the military of a nation in the midst of two wars.One of these wars is winding down.The other is a conflict that America did not seek;one in which we are joined by 42 other countries--including Norway--in an effort to defend ourselves and all nations from further attacks.但與我獲獎有關(guān)的最深層的問題可能在于我是一個正打著兩場戰(zhàn)爭的國家的三軍統(tǒng)帥。其中一場戰(zhàn)爭已接近尾聲。另一場并非是美國挑起的沖突；有包括挪威在內(nèi)的42個國家在與我們共同努力，為的是保護(hù)我們及其他所有國家不再遭受攻擊。

Still, we are at war, and I?m responsible for the deployment of thousands of young Americans to battle in a distant land.Some will kill, and some will be killed.And so I come here with an acute sense of the costs of armed conflict--filled with difficult questions about the relationship between war and peace, and our effort to replace one with the other.然而，我們?nèi)蕴幵趹?zhàn)爭時期，是我派遣成千上萬名美國年輕人遠(yuǎn)赴戰(zhàn)場。有些人要?dú)⑸洌行┤艘粴⑸洹Ｒ虼耍沂菐е鴮ξ溲b沖突的代價的敏銳感覺來到這里的——心中充滿有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭與和平的關(guān)系以及我們?yōu)橛煤推饺〈鷳?zhàn)爭而努力的難題。

Now these questions are not new.War, in one form or another, appeared with the first man.At the dawn of history, its morality was not questioned;it was simply a fact, like drought or disease--the manner in which tribes and then civilizations sought power and settled their differences.而這些問題并不新鮮。戰(zhàn)爭，以這樣或那樣的形式，隨著人類的誕生而出現(xiàn)。在歷史初期，戰(zhàn)爭的道義性無人質(zhì)疑；它是如同干旱或疾病一樣的現(xiàn)實——是各個部落以及后來的各種文明謀求權(quán)力和解決分歧的方式。

And over time, as codes of law sought to control violence within groups, so did philosophers and clerics and statesmen seek to regulate the destructive power of war.The concept of a “just war” emerged, suggesting that war is justified only when certain conditions were met: if it is waged as a last resort or in self-defense;if the force used is proportional;and if, whenever possible, civilians are spared from violence.后來，隨著旨在控制群體內(nèi)部暴力的規(guī)范的出現(xiàn)，哲學(xué)家、宗教領(lǐng)袖和政治家也紛紛致力于用條文限制戰(zhàn)爭的破壞力。“正義戰(zhàn)爭”的概念由此形成，亦即認(rèn)為，在符合以下幾個具體條件時，戰(zhàn)爭是正義的：如果戰(zhàn)爭是最后手段或是為自我防御；如果武力程度適當(dāng)；以及在一切可能的情況下不對平民使用暴力。

Of course, we know that for most of history, this concept of “just war” was rarely observed.The capacity of human beings to think up new ways to kill one another proved inexhaustible, as did our capacity to exempt from mercy those who look different or pray to a different God.Wars between armies gave way to wars between nations--total wars in which the distinction between combatant and civilian became blurred.In the span of 30 years, such carnage would twice engulf this continent.And while it?s hard to conceive of a cause more just than the defeat of the Third Reich and the Axis powers, World War II was a conflict in which the total number of civilians who died exceeded the number of soldiers who perished.當(dāng)然，我們都知道，在人類歷史的大部分時間內(nèi)，這種“正義戰(zhàn)爭”的概念鮮被理會。人類顯然有無窮的能力不斷想出新的方式相互殘殺，同樣也有無窮的能力毫不憐惜那些外貌不同或信仰不同的人。軍隊之間的戰(zhàn)爭變成國家間的戰(zhàn)爭——模糊了戰(zhàn)斗人員與平民界線的全面戰(zhàn)爭。這種戰(zhàn)爭大屠殺曾在30年內(nèi)兩度侵吞這塊大陸。雖然難以設(shè)想還有什么比擊敗第三帝國（Third Reich）和軸心國（Axis powers）更正義的事業(yè)，但在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中死亡的平民總數(shù)超過了戰(zhàn)死疆場的軍人。

In the wake of such destruction, and with the advent of the nuclear age, it became clear to

victor and vanquished alike that the world needed institutions to prevent another world war.And so, a quarter century after the United States Senate rejected the League of Nations--an idea for which Woodrow Wilson received this prize--America led the world in constructing an architecture to keep the peace: a Marshall Plan and a United Nations, mechanisms to govern the waging of war, treaties to protect human rights, prevent genocide, restrict the most dangerous weapons.在這種毀滅之后，并且隨著核時代的到來，戰(zhàn)勝者與戰(zhàn)敗者同樣清楚地認(rèn)識到，這個世界需要有防止另一次世界大戰(zhàn)的機(jī)制。為此，在美國參議院拒絕接受國際聯(lián)盟（League of Nations）的四分之一世紀(jì)后——而伍德羅·威爾遜（Woodrow Wilson）正因為提出成立國聯(lián)的設(shè)想而榮獲諾貝爾和平獎，美國帶動世界建起維護(hù)和平的體制：馬歇爾計劃(Marshall Plan)和聯(lián)合國，對發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的規(guī)范，以及保護(hù)人權(quán)、防止種族滅絕大屠殺和限制最危險武器的各項條約。

In many ways, these efforts succeeded.Yes, terrible wars have been fought, and atrocities committed.But there has been no Third World War.The Cold War ended with jubilant crowds dismantling a wall.Commerce has stitched much of the world together.Billions have been lifted from poverty.The ideals of liberty and self-determination, equality and the rule of law have haltingly advanced.We are the heirs of the fortitude and foresight of generations past, and it is a legacy for which my own country is rightfully proud.這些努力在很多方面獲得了成功。不錯，可怕的戰(zhàn)爭仍然發(fā)生，種種暴行依然出現(xiàn)，但第三次世界大戰(zhàn)沒有爆發(fā)。冷戰(zhàn)以興高采烈的人群推倒一堵墻而告結(jié)束；商貿(mào)將世界大片地區(qū)緊密連在了一起；數(shù)十億人口擺脫了貧困；自由、自決、平等和法治的理想斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地向前推進(jìn)。我們是先輩們的堅韌精神和遠(yuǎn)大目光的繼承人，這是我自己的國家有理由為之感到驕傲的業(yè)績。

And yet, a decade into a new century, this old architecture is buckling under the weight of new threats.The world may no longer shudder at the prospect of war between two nuclear superpowers, but proliferation may increase the risk of catastrophe.Terrorism has long been a tactic, but modern technology allows a few small men with outsized rage to murder innocents on a horrific scale.然而，在進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)已10年之際，這一舊有的架構(gòu)正在越來越難撐新生威脅的重壓。世界或許不再為兩個超級核大國之間可能發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭而顫栗，但核擴(kuò)散可能會增加發(fā)生巨大災(zāi)難的危險。恐怖主義一貫是一種手段，但現(xiàn)代技術(shù)會使少數(shù)怒火超量的小人以可怕的規(guī)模殘殺無辜。

Moreover, wars between nations have increasingly given way to wars within nations.The resurgence of ethnic or sectarian conflicts;the growth of secessionist movements, insurgencies, and failed states--all these things have increasingly trapped civilians in unending chaos.In today?s wars, many more civilians are killed than soldiers;the seeds of future conflict are sown, economies are wrecked, civil societies torn asunder, refugees amassed, children scarred.而且，國與國的戰(zhàn)爭正在日益被國家內(nèi)部的戰(zhàn)爭所取代。民族和宗派沖突的重新抬頭、分離主義運(yùn)動、叛亂活動和失控國家的增加，都越來越將平民困于無休止的**中。在今天的戰(zhàn)爭中，平民的死亡大大超過軍人；埋下未來沖突的種子；破壞經(jīng)濟(jì)；摧毀公民社會；形成大批難民；使兒童遭受創(chuàng)傷。

I do not bring with me today a definitive solution to the problems of war.What I do know is that meeting these challenges will require the same vision, hard work, and persistence of those

men and women who acted so boldly decades ago.And it will require us to think in new ways about the notions of just war and the imperatives of a just peace.我今天沒有帶來對戰(zhàn)爭問題的決定性解決辦法。但我確知，應(yīng)對這些挑戰(zhàn)要求具有幾十年前那些英勇無畏的前輩所具有的遠(yuǎn)見、勤勞和堅韌不拔。這需要我們從新的角度思考正義戰(zhàn)爭的含義和正義和平的必備條件。

We must begin by acknowledging the hard truth: We will not eradicate violent conflict in our lifetimes.There will be times when nations--acting individually or in concert--will find the use of force not only necessary but morally justified.我們必須首先承認(rèn)這個嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實：在我們的有生之年，我們不會根除暴力沖突。會有一些時候，國家——不論是單獨(dú)或共同行動——發(fā)現(xiàn)使用武力不僅必要，而且為道義所需。

I make this statement mindful of what Martin Luther King Jr.said in this same ceremony years ago: “Violence never brings permanent peace.It solves no social problem: it merely creates new and more complicated ones.” As someone who stands here as a direct consequence of Dr.King?s life work, I am living testimony to the moral force of non-violence.I know there?s nothing weak--nothing passive--nothing na?ve--in the creed and lives of Gandhi and King.我說這番話時并沒有忘記馬丁·路德·金（Martin Luther King Jr.）多年前在這同一儀式上說過的話：“暴力永遠(yuǎn)不會帶來持久和平。它解決不了社會問題：只會制造新的、更復(fù)雜的問題”。我站在這里，作為金博士畢生奮斗的直接受益者，就是對非暴力的道義力量的活見證。我知道在甘地（Gandhi）和馬丁·路德·金的信念與人生中，絕無軟弱——絕無消極——絕無天真。

But as a head of state sworn to protect and defend my nation, I cannot be guided by their examples alone.I face the world as it is, and cannot stand idle in the face of threats to the American people.For make no mistake: Evil does exist in the world.A non-violent movement could not have halted Hitler?s armies.Negotiations cannot convince al Qaeda?s leaders to lay down their arms.To say that force may sometimes be necessary is not a call to cynicism--it is a recognition of history;the imperfections of man and the limits of reason.但是，作為宣誓保衛(wèi)自己國家的一國元首，我不能只以他們的榜樣為指南。我面對的世界是現(xiàn)實的世界，我不能面對美國人民遭到的威脅無動于衷。因為，切莫誤會：邪惡在世界上確實存在。一場非暴力運(yùn)動不可能阻止希特勒的軍隊。談判不能說服基地（al Qaeda）組織的頭目放下武器。說武力有時是必要的并不是讓大家變得憤世嫉俗——這是承認(rèn)歷史；是人類的不完美和情理的限度。

I raise this point, I begin with this point because in many countries there is a deep ambivalence about military action today, no matter what the cause.And at times, this is joined by a reflexive suspicion of America, the world?s sole military superpower.我說起這一點，我以這一點開頭，因為今天在許多國家，對軍事行動，不管出于什么理由，都存在一種深深的矛盾心理。有時候，這種矛盾又摻雜著對美國，這個世界上惟一的超級大國的一種反射性的不信任。

But the world must remember that it was not simply international institutions--not just treaties and declarations--that brought stability to a post-World War II world.Whatever mistakes we have made, the plain fact is this: The United States of America has helped underwrite global security for more than six decades with the blood of our citizens and the strength of our arms.The service and sacrifice of our men and women in uniform has promoted peace and prosperity from Germany to Korea, and enabled democracy to take hold in places like the Balkans.We have borne this burden not because we seek to impose our will.We have done so out of enlightened self-interest--because we seek a better future for our children and grandchildren, and we believe that their lives will be better if others? children and grandchildren can live in freedom and prosperity.但世人必須記住，不簡單地是因為國際體制——不只是條約和宣言——才給二戰(zhàn)后的世界帶來穩(wěn)定。不管我們犯了多少錯誤，一個明白的事實是：美利堅合眾國在60 多年里，以自己公民的鮮血和軍力，幫助維護(hù)和保證了世界的安全。我們的男女軍人的貢獻(xiàn)與犧牲促進(jìn)了從德國到韓國的和平與繁榮，使民主能在像巴爾干這樣的地方扎根。我們承受這些重負(fù)并不是因為我們謀求強(qiáng)加我們的意志。我們這樣做是出于開化的自身利益——因為我們?yōu)槲覀兊淖幼訉O孫追求更美好的未來。我們相信如果別人的子子孫孫能生活在自由和繁榮中，他們的生活會更好。

So yes, the instruments of war do have a role to play in preserving the peace.And yet this truth must coexist with another--that no matter how justified, war promises human tragedy.The soldier?s courage and sacrifice is full of glory, expressing devotion to country, to cause, to comrades in arms.But war itself is never glorious, and we must never trumpet it as such.所以，是的，戰(zhàn)爭的手段確實在保衛(wèi)和平中具有作用。但這個事實必須同另一個事實共存——不管理由多么正當(dāng)，戰(zhàn)爭導(dǎo)致人間悲劇。軍人的勇敢和犧牲無比光榮，表達(dá)了對國家、事業(yè)、戰(zhàn)友的忠誠。但戰(zhàn)爭本身決不光榮，我們決不能如此宣揚(yáng)。

So part of our challenge is reconciling these two seemingly inreconcilable truths--that war is sometimes necessary, and war at some level is an expression of human folly.Concretely, we must direct our effort to the task that President Kennedy called for long ago.“Let us focus,” he said, “on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a sudden revolution in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human institutions.” A gradual evolution of human institutions.因此，我們面對的挑戰(zhàn)部分來自于調(diào)和這兩個看似不可調(diào)和的事實——戰(zhàn)爭有時必要，戰(zhàn)爭在某種程度上是人類愚蠢的表現(xiàn)。具體說，我們必須把我們的努力放在肯尼迪總統(tǒng)（Kennedy）很久以前所指出的使命上。他說：“讓我們把注意力，集中在更實際，更能取得的和平上，這種和平不是基于人類本性的突發(fā)革命，而是基于人類體制的逐漸演進(jìn)。”

What might this evolution look like? What might these practical steps be?

這種演進(jìn)可能具有何種形式？哪些可能是切實可行的步驟？

To begin with, I believe that all nations--strong and weak alike--must adhere to standards that govern the use of force.I--like any head of state--reserve the right to act unilaterally if necessary to defend my nation.Nevertheless, I am convinced that adhering to standards, international standards, strengthens those who do, and isolates and weakens those who don?t.首先，我認(rèn)為所有國家，無論強(qiáng)弱，都必須遵循對使用武力的規(guī)范。與任何國家元首一樣，我保留在必要時采取單邊行動保衛(wèi)自己國家的權(quán)利。然而，我確信遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——的國家更有力量，而那些不遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國家會陷于孤立，并且被削弱。

The world rallied around America after the 9/11 attacks, and continues to support our efforts in

Afghanistan, because of the horror of those senseless attacks and the recognized principle of self-defense.Likewise, the world recognized the need to confront Saddam Hussein when he invaded Kuwait--a consensus that sent a clear message to all about the cost of aggression.“9.11” 之后，全世界團(tuán)結(jié)一致，與美國站在一起，并在今天繼續(xù)支持我們在阿富汗的努力，這是濫殺無辜的殘忍與公認(rèn)的自衛(wèi)原則使然。同樣，當(dāng)薩達(dá)姆·侯賽因（Saddam Hussein）入侵科威特時，世界也認(rèn)識到必須與其抗衡。這一共識發(fā)出的清晰信息是：侵略必須付出代價。

Furthermore, America--in fact, no nation--can insist that others follow the rules of the road if we refuse to follow them ourselves.For when we don?t, our actions appear arbitrary and undercut the legitimacy of future interventions, no matter how justified.另外，美國──以及任何國家──都不能在自己拒絕遵守規(guī)則時要求別人遵守規(guī)則。如果我們不以身作則，我們的行動就會表現(xiàn)為專橫武斷，使未來進(jìn)行干預(yù)的合理性受到影響，無論理由多么充足。

And this becomes particularly important when the purpose of military action extends beyond self-defense or the defense of one nation against an aggressor.More and more, we all confront difficult questions about how to prevent the slaughter of civilians by their own government, or to stop a civil war whose violence and suffering can engulf an entire region.當(dāng)軍事行動的目的超越了自衛(wèi)或幫助某一國抵抗侵略者的防衛(wèi)行動時，這一點變得尤其重要。我們大家都越來越多地面對棘手的問題：如何防止一國政府屠殺本國的平民？如何制止一場其暴行和所導(dǎo)致的痛苦會殃及整個地區(qū)的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)?

I believe that force can be justified on humanitarian grounds, as it was in the Balkans, or in other places that have been scarred by war.Inaction tears at our conscience and can lead to more costly intervention later.That?s why all responsible nations must embrace the role that militaries with a clear mandate can play to keep the peace.我認(rèn)為，基于人道理由的武力是正當(dāng)?shù)模缭诎蜖柛傻貐^(qū)或飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)亂的其他地區(qū)。不采取行動不僅折磨我們的良心，還會導(dǎo)致未來以更高的代價進(jìn)行干預(yù)。因此，所有負(fù)責(zé)任的國家都必須相信使命明確的軍事行動所能夠發(fā)揮的維護(hù)和平作用。（音頻至此）

America?s commitment to global security will never waver.But in a world in which threats are more diffuse, and missions more complex, America cannot act alone.America alone cannot secure the peace.This is true in Afghanistan.This is true in failed states like Somalia, where terrorism and piracy is joined by famine and human suffering.And sadly, it will continue to be true in unstable regions for years to come.美國將矢志不渝地致力于確保全球安全。然而，在這個威脅日益蔓延、使命日趨復(fù)雜的世界里，美國不能獨(dú)自行動。美國獨(dú)自行動不能帶來和平。在阿富汗如此，在恐怖主義和海盜伴隨饑荒肆虐、人民受苦受難的索馬里等政府失控的國家也是如此。不幸的是，這種狀況在今后歲月里會繼續(xù)存在于動蕩地區(qū)。

The leaders and soldiers of NATO countries, and other friends and allies, demonstrate this truth through the capacity and courage they?ve shown in Afghanistan.But in many countries, there is a disconnect between the efforts of those who serve and the ambivalence of the broader public.I understand why war is not popular, but I also know this: The belief that peace is desirable is rarely enough to achieve it.Peace requires responsibility.Peace entails sacrifice.That?s why NATO continues to be indispensable.That?s why we must strengthen U.N.and regional peacekeeping, and not leave the task to a few countries.That?s why we honor those who return home from peacekeeping and training abroad to Oslo and Rome;to Ottawa and Sydney;to Dhaka and Kigali--we honor them not as makers of war, but of wagers--but as wagers of peace.在阿富汗，北約國家以及其他友邦和盟國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和軍人以自身能力和勇氣證實了上述論斷。可是，在許多國家中，奉獻(xiàn)者作出的努力與公眾的矛盾心理之間存在脫節(jié)。我理解戰(zhàn)爭不受歡迎的原因，但我也知道：單憑向往和平的美好意愿很少能夠帶來和平。和平需要承擔(dān)責(zé)任。和平需要作出犧牲。這是繼續(xù)不能沒有北約的原因。這是我們必須加強(qiáng)聯(lián)合國及地區(qū)維和行動，不能將此重任推卸給少數(shù)幾個國家的原因。因此，無論是在奧斯陸或羅馬、渥太華或悉尼、達(dá)卡或基加利，我們都對那些完成維和行動與海外培訓(xùn)任務(wù)歸來的軍人給予極大的榮譽(yù)，因為他們不是戰(zhàn)爭制造者，而是和平締造者。

Let me make one final point about the use of force.Even as we make difficult decisions about going to war, we must also think clearly about how we fight it.The Nobel Committee recognized this truth in awarding its first prize for peace to Henry Dunant--the founder of the Red Cross, and a driving force behind the Geneva Conventions.請允許我對使用武力的問題最后再說明一點。即使我們對出兵參戰(zhàn)一事作出了艱難的決定，我們還必須認(rèn)真考慮我們?nèi)绾螀⒓幼鲬?zhàn)。諾貝爾委員會在向亨利·杜南（Henry Dunant）頒發(fā)第一個和平獎時認(rèn)識到這一點。亨利·杜南是紅十字會（Red Cross）創(chuàng)始人、《日內(nèi)瓦公約》（Geneva Conventions）的幕后推動力量。

Where force is necessary, we have a moral and strategic interest in binding ourselves to certain rules of conduct.And even as we confront a vicious adversary that abides by no rules, I believe the United States of America must remain a standard bearer in the conduct of war.That is what makes us different from those whom we fight.That is a source of our strength.That is why I prohibited torture.That is why I ordered the prison at Guantanamo Bay closed.And that is why I have reaffirmed America?s commitment to abide by the Geneva Conventions.We lose ourselves when we compromise the very ideals that we fight to defend.(Applause.)And we honor--we honor those ideals by upholding them not when it?s easy, but when it is hard.凡有必要使用武力的地方，我們出于道義與戰(zhàn)略上的考慮，需要受某些行為準(zhǔn)則的制約。即使我們遇到不遵守任何規(guī)則的邪惡對手，我認(rèn)為美利堅合眾國也必須一如既往成為遵守戰(zhàn)爭規(guī)范的楷模。這就是我們區(qū)別于作戰(zhàn)對手的地方。這就是我們力量的源泉。這就是我禁止酷刑的原因。這就是我下令關(guān)閉關(guān)塔那摩灣監(jiān)獄的原因。這就是我重申美國堅決遵守《日內(nèi)瓦公約》的原因。我們?yōu)楸Ｐl(wèi)自己的理想而戰(zhàn)，如果我們放棄這些理想，我們就會自取其咎。（掌聲）我們維護(hù)——我們維護(hù)這些理想，不論如何順利，也不論如何艱難，都對這些理想恪守不渝。

I have spoken at some length to the question that must weigh on our minds and our hearts as we choose to wage war.But let me now turn to our effort to avoid such tragic choices, and speak of three ways that we can build a just and lasting peace.我剛才比較詳細(xì)地談到我們在選擇出兵參戰(zhàn)之際，必須深思熟慮的問題。現(xiàn)在讓我轉(zhuǎn)而談一談我們?yōu)楸苊膺@類悲劇性的選擇進(jìn)行的努力，談一談我們維護(hù)正義和締造持久和平的三個途徑。

First, in dealing with those nations that break rules and laws, I believe that we must develop alternatives to violence that are tough enough to actually change behavior--for if we want a lasting peace, then the words of the international community must mean something.Those

regimes that break the rules must be held accountable.Sanctions must exact a real price.Intransigence must be met with increased pressure--and such pressure exists only when the world stands together as one.首先，對于那些不遵守規(guī)則和法律的國家，我認(rèn)為我們必須采取一些除武力之外的其他方式，但需要有足以改變其行為方式的強(qiáng)硬措施——因為如果我們希望實現(xiàn)持久和平，那么國際社會說的話必須算數(shù)。不遵守規(guī)則的國家必須承擔(dān)責(zé)任。各種制裁必須迫使對方付出實際的代價。如果拒不悔改，則必須施加更大的壓力借以抗衡 ——全世界只有通力合作才有可能施加這樣的壓力。

One urgent example is the effort to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, and to seek a world without them.In the middle of the last century, nations agreed to be bound by a treaty whose bargain is clear: All will have access to peaceful nuclear power;those without nuclear weapons will forsake them;and those with nuclear weapons will work towards disarmament.I am committed to upholding this treaty.It is a centerpiece of my foreign policy.And I?m working with President Medvedev to reduce America and Russia?s nuclear stockpiles.舉例來說，努力防止核武器擴(kuò)散，爭取一個沒有核武器的世界是一項迫在眉睫的工作。上世紀(jì)中葉，各國同意受一項條約的約束，其內(nèi)容十分明確：各國都可以和平使用核能；沒有核武器的國家將不謀求核武器；擁有核武器的國家將努力裁減核軍備。我堅決支持這項條約。這是我采取的外交政策的核心。我正與梅德韋杰夫（Medvedev）總統(tǒng)為削減美國和俄羅斯的核軍備進(jìn)行合作。

But it is also incumbent upon all of us to insist that nations like Iran and North Korea do not game the system.Those who claim to respect international law cannot avert their eyes when those laws are flouted.Those who care for their own security cannot ignore the danger of an arms race in the Middle East or East Asia.Those who seek peace cannot stand idly by as nations arm themselves for nuclear war.但我們大家也都有責(zé)任堅決不允許伊朗和北韓等國家玩弄這個制度。聲稱尊重國際法的人不能在這些法律遭到踐踏時視而不見。關(guān)心自己安全的人無法忽視中東或東亞地區(qū)軍備競賽的危險。希望和平的人不可在一些國家為發(fā)動核戰(zhàn)爭建立軍備時袖手旁觀。

The same principle applies to those who violate international laws by brutalizing their own people.When there is genocide in Darfur, systematic rape in Congo, repression in Burma--there must be consequences.Yes, there will be engagement;yes, there will be diplomacy--but there must be consequences when those things fail.And the closer we stand together, the less likely we will be faced with the choice between armed intervention and complicity in oppression.同樣的原則也適用于那些違反國際法，殘酷壓榨本國人民的人。當(dāng)達(dá)爾富爾地區(qū)出現(xiàn)種族大屠殺，當(dāng)剛果發(fā)生層出不窮的強(qiáng)奸事件，當(dāng)緬甸采取鎮(zhèn)壓行動的時候——必然會產(chǎn)生后果。是的，會進(jìn)行接觸，也會有外交行動——但當(dāng)這些做法無法奏效時，必然會產(chǎn)生后果。我們?nèi)绻芮械睾献鳎秃苌儆斜匾谖溲b干預(yù)和縱容專制壓迫之間進(jìn)行選擇。

This brings me to a second point--the nature of the peace that we seek.For peace is not merely the absence of visible conflict.Only a just peace based on the inherent rights and dignity of every individual can truly be lasting.這就關(guān)系到我要講的第二點——我們所尋求的和平的性質(zhì)。和平并不僅僅意味著沒有可見的沖突，只有基于每個人與

生俱來的權(quán)利和尊嚴(yán)正義的和平才是真正的持久和平。

It was this insight that drove drafters of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights after the Second World War.In the wake of devastation, they recognized that if human rights are not protected, peace is a hollow promise.在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后，正是這種真知灼見給了《世界人權(quán)宣言》（Universal Declaration of Human Rights）的起草者們以動力。在巨大的災(zāi)難之后，他們意識到，如果人權(quán)得不到保護(hù)，那么和平只是空洞的承諾。

And yet too often, these words are ignored.For some countries, the failure to uphold human rights is excused by the false suggestion that these are somehow Western principles, foreign to local cultures or stages of a nation?s development.And within America, there has long been a tension between those who describe themselves as realists or idealists--a tension that suggests a stark choice between the narrow pursuit of interests or an endless campaign to impose our values around the world.但是，人權(quán)宣言被漠視的狀況屢見不鮮。某些國家將人權(quán)原則是西方原則、與當(dāng)?shù)匚幕窀癫蝗搿⒉环蠂野l(fā)展階段等作為不維護(hù)人權(quán)的不實借口。在美國，那些自稱為現(xiàn)實主義者或理想主義者的人之間，長期以來也存在矛盾——它代表著在狹隘地謀求利益與無休止地在全世界推行我們的價值觀之間的僵化選擇。

I reject these choices.I believe that peace is unstable where citizens are denied the right to speak freely or worship as they please;choose their own leaders or assemble without fear.Pent-up grievances fester, and the suppression of tribal and religious identity can lead to violence.We also know that the opposite is true.Only when Europe became free did it finally find peace.America has never fought a war against a democracy, and our closest friends are governments that protect the rights of their citizens.No matter how callously defined, neither America?s interests--nor the world?s--are served by the denial of human aspirations.我拒絕這些選擇。我認(rèn)為，在那些公民無權(quán)自由發(fā)表意見或按照自己的意愿信教、不能選擇自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人或自由集會的地方，和平是不穩(wěn)定的。被壓抑的不滿情緒會激起怨恨，壓制部族和宗教的認(rèn)同可能引發(fā)暴力反抗。我們也知道其實相反的情況。歐洲在贏得自由之后才最終享有和平。美國從來沒有同民主國家交戰(zhàn)，我們最親密的友邦也都是保護(hù)其公民權(quán)利的政府。不管多么苛刻地界定，壓制人的理想不會有利于美國的利益，也不會有利于世界的利益。

So even as we respect the unique culture and traditions of different countries, America will always be a voice for those aspirations that are universal.We will bear witness to the quiet dignity of reformers like Aung Sang Suu Kyi;to the bravery of Zimbabweans who cast their ballots in the face of beatings;to the hundreds of thousands who have marched silently through the streets of Iran.It is telling that the leaders of these governments fear the aspirations of their own people more than the power of any other nation.And it is the responsibility of all free people and free nations to make clear that these movements--these movements of hope and history--they have us on their side.因此，即使在我們尊重不同國家的獨(dú)特文化和傳統(tǒng)的同時，美國仍將一如既往地為這些全人類共同的理想而大聲疾呼。我們將為昂山素季（Aung Sang Suu Kyi）那樣具有沉靜尊嚴(yán)的改革者見證；為不懼毆打而參加投票的津巴布韋人的勇氣見證；為成千上萬名在伊朗街頭默默游行的人見證。這些都說明，那些政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對本國人民的理想的畏懼甚于任何其他國家的力量。全世界所有自由的人民和自由的國家都有責(zé)任明確宣告，我們站在這些行動——希望和歷史的行動——的一邊。

Let me also say this: The promotion of human rights cannot be about exhortation alone.At times, it must be coupled with painstaking diplomacy.I know that engagement with repressive regimes lacks the satisfying purity of indignation.But I also know that sanctions without outreach--condemnation without discussion--can carry forward only a crippling status quo.No repressive regime can move down a new path unless it has the choice of an open door.我還要這樣說：促進(jìn)人權(quán)不能僅限于規(guī)勸告誡。有時還必須輔以艱苦的外交努力。我知道，與壓制性政權(quán)接觸沒有義憤填膺來得暢快。我也知道，如果一味制裁而沒有主動接觸，如果一味譴責(zé)而沒有對話，只能保持一個有害的現(xiàn)狀。任何壓制性政權(quán)都不可能改弦易轍，除非它們有可以選擇的出路。

In light of the Cultural Revolution?s horrors, Nixon?s meeting with Mao appeared inexcusable--and yet it surely helped set China on a path where millions of its citizens have been lifted from poverty and connected to open societies.Pope John Paul?s engagement with Poland created space not just for the Catholic Church, but for labor leaders like Lech Walesa.Ronald Reagan?s efforts on arms control and embrace of perestroika not only improved relations with the Soviet Union, but empowered dissidents throughout Eastern Europe.There?s no simple formula here.But we must try as best we can to balance isolation and engagement, pressure and incentives, so that human rights and dignity are advanced over time.鑒于文化大革命的種種恐怖，尼克松與毛澤東的會晤似乎不可饒恕——但是，這確實幫助中國走上了另一條道路，千百萬中國人擺脫了貧困并與開放社會建立了聯(lián)系。教皇約翰·保羅（Pope John Paul）與波蘭的接觸不僅為天主教教會，也為列赫·瓦文薩（Lech Walesa）等工會領(lǐng)袖拓寬了空間。羅納德·里根（Ronald Reagan）為武器控制所作的努力以及對蘇聯(lián)改革的歡迎不僅與蘇聯(lián)改善了關(guān)系，也給整個東歐的持不同政見者增添了力量。這里并沒有一個簡單的公式，但我們必須盡可能在孤立與接觸、施壓與鼓勵之間找到平衡，以使人權(quán)和尊嚴(yán)能夠與時俱進(jìn)。

Third, a just peace includes not only civil and political rights--it must encompass economic security and opportunity.For true peace is not just freedom from fear, but freedom from want.第三，正義的和平不僅包括公民和政治權(quán)利——它還必須包括經(jīng)濟(jì)安全保障與機(jī)會。因為真正的和平不僅擺脫恐懼，而且無乏匱之虞。

It is undoubtedly true that development rarely takes root without security;it is also true that security does not exist where human beings do not have access to enough food, or clean water, or the medicine and shelter they need to survive.It does not exist where children can?t aspire to a decent education or a job that supports a family.The absence of hope can rot a society from within.無可置疑，如果沒有安全保障，發(fā)展難以扎根；同樣肯定的是，在人們?nèi)鄙偕嫠璧囊率常瑑羲⑨t(yī)藥和住所的地方，不會有安全。在孩子沒有希望受到良好教育或人們沒有可能得到工作養(yǎng)家的地方，不會有安全。無望會使社會從內(nèi)部惡化。

And that?s why helping farmers feed their own people--or nations educate their children and care for the sick--is not mere charity.It?s also why the world must come together to confront climate change.There is little scientific dispute that if we do nothing, we will face more drought, more famine, more mass displacement--all of which will fuel more conflict for decades.For this reason, it is not merely scientists and environmental activists who call for swift and

forceful action--it?s military leaders in my own country and others who understand our common security hangs in the balance.因此，幫助農(nóng)民養(yǎng)活本國人民——或幫助一個國家教育本國兒童并照顧病患——不僅僅是慈善之舉。這也是全世界必須共同應(yīng)對氣候變化的原因。幾乎毫無爭議的科學(xué)事實是，如果我們無所行動，我們將面臨更多的干旱、更多的饑荒、更大規(guī)模的流離失所——所有這一切都將在未來幾十年引發(fā)更大沖突。為此，不僅是科學(xué)家和環(huán)保人士呼吁采取迅速和有力的行動——我國和其他國家的軍事領(lǐng)袖也都知道，我們的共同安全處在緊要關(guān)頭。

Agreements among nations.Strong institutions.Support for human rights.Investments in development.All these are vital ingredients in bringing about the evolution that President Kennedy spoke about.And yet, I do not believe that we will have the will, the determination, the staying power, to complete this work without something more--and that?s the continued expansion of our moral imagination;an insistence that there?s something irreducible that we all share.各國間的協(xié)議。強(qiáng)有力的機(jī)制。對人權(quán)的支持。投資于發(fā)展。所有這一切都是實現(xiàn)肯尼迪總統(tǒng)所說的逐漸演進(jìn)的至關(guān)重要的要素。然而，我認(rèn)為，如果沒有另一個要素，我們就不會有意志、決心、持久力去完成這項工作——而這便是我們不斷擴(kuò)展的道德想象力；一個對我們共同享有某種無法削弱的東西的堅定信念。

As the world grows smaller, you might think it would be easier for human beings to recognize how similar we are;to understand that we?re all basically seeking the same things;that we all hope for the chance to live out our lives with some measure of happiness and fulfillment for ourselves and our families.隨著世界越來越小，人們可能認(rèn)為，人類會更容易認(rèn)識到我們是多么相似；懂得我們基本上都在追求同樣的東西；我們都希望在我們一生中，給我們自己和我們的家人帶來某種程度的幸福感和滿足感。

And yet somehow, given the dizzying pace of globalization, the cultural leveling of modernity, it perhaps comes as no surprise that people fear the loss of what they cherish in their particular identities--their race, their tribe, and perhaps most powerfully their religion.In some places, this fear has led to conflict.At times, it even feels like we?re moving backwards.We see it in the Middle East, as the conflict between Arabs and Jews seems to harden.We see it in nations that are torn asunder by tribal lines.但是，由于全球化令人眩目的進(jìn)程以及現(xiàn)代化帶來的文化趨同，人們擔(dān)心喪失他們所珍視的自身特征——他們的種族、部族，以及也許最強(qiáng)有力的，他們的宗教。在有些地方，這種擔(dān)心導(dǎo)致沖突。有時，我們甚至好像在倒退。在中東，隨著阿拉伯人與猶太人之間的沖突似乎深化，我們看到了這種情形。我們在因部族間的沖突而四分五裂的國家看到這種情形。

And most dangerously, we see it in the way that religion is used to justify the murder of innocents by those who have distorted and defiled the great religion of Islam, and who attacked my country from Afghanistan.These extremists are not the first to kill in the name of God;the cruelties of the Crusades are amply recorded.But they remind us that no Holy War can ever be a just war.For if you truly believe that you are carrying out divine will, then there is no need for restraint--no need to spare the pregnant mother, or the medic, or the Red Cross worker, or even a person of one?s own faith.Such a warped view of religion is not just incompatible with the concept of peace, but I believe it?s incompatible with the very purpose of

faith--for the one rule that lies at the heart of every major religion is that we do unto others as we would have them do unto us.最危險的是，我們看到，宗教是怎樣被那些歪曲并玷污偉大的伊斯蘭教，以及那些從阿富汗向我國發(fā)動攻擊的人當(dāng)作謀殺無辜的借口。這些極端分子不是第一批以上帝名義進(jìn)行屠殺的人；對十字軍（Crusades）的暴行有大量記錄。但是這些提醒我們，圣戰(zhàn)絕不會是正義的戰(zhàn)爭。因為如果當(dāng)人真的認(rèn)為自己是在替天行道時，就根本不必有所收斂——不必對孕婦、對醫(yī)務(wù)人員、對紅十字會工作者、甚或有自身宗教信仰的人留情。這樣一種扭曲的宗教觀不僅與和平的理念不相容，而且我認(rèn)為它與信仰的目的本身不相容——因為每一個主要宗教的核心教義都是，己所不欲，勿施于人。

Adhering to this law of love has always been the core struggle of human nature.For we are fallible.We make mistakes, and fall victim to the temptations of pride, and power, and sometimes evil.Even those of us with the best of intentions will at times fail to right the wrongs before us.堅持愛的法則常常是人性掙扎的主要內(nèi)容。人難免要犯錯誤，我們會做錯事，我們會受自負(fù)、權(quán)力、有時甚至邪念所誘。即使是我們中那些最懷善意的人們有時也未能改斜糾偏。

But we do not have to think that human nature is perfect for us to still believe that the human condition can be perfected.We do not have to live in an idealized world to still reach for those ideals that will make it a better place.The non-violence practiced by men like Gandhi and King may not have been practical or possible in every circumstance, but the love that they preached--their fundamental faith in human progress--that must always be the North Star that guides us on our journey.然而，即使我們知道人性不是完美的，我們?nèi)匀豢梢韵嘈牛祟惖臓顟B(tài)是可以改善的；即使我們生活其中的世界不是個理想世界，我們?nèi)匀荒軌蜃非笞屗兊酶篮玫睦硐搿８实嘏c馬丁·路德·金等人所實踐的非暴力也許不是在所有情形下都切合實際或者可行，但他們所宣揚(yáng)的愛——即他們對于人類進(jìn)步的基本信念——必須永遠(yuǎn)是指引我們前行的北斗星。

For if we lose that faith--if we dismiss it as silly or na?ve;if we divorce it from the decisions that we make on issues of war and peace--then we lose what?s best about humanity.We lose our sense of possibility.We lose our moral compass.因為，如果我們喪失了那個信念——如果我們覺得它愚蠢或過于天真而不屑一顧；如果我們在就戰(zhàn)爭與和平問題決策時拋開了它——那么我們就喪失了人性中最美好的東西，我們就失去了能為的信念，我們就失去了道德指南針。

Like generations have before us, we must reject that future.As Dr.King said at this occasion so many years ago, “I refuse to accept despair as the final response to the ambiguities of history.I refuse to accept the idea that the ?isness? of man?s present condition makes him morally incapable of reaching up for the eternal ?oughtness? that forever confronts him.”

和以往世世代代的人們一樣，我們必須拒絕接受這樣的未來。多年前，金博士在同樣的場合曾經(jīng)說道：“我拒絕接受以絕望作為對歷史含糊性的最后反應(yīng)。我拒絕接受所謂反映人類現(xiàn)實狀況的‘實然’(isness)使其無法從道義上達(dá)到永遠(yuǎn)需要面對的終極‘應(yīng)然’（oughtness）。”

Let us reach for the world that ought to be--that spark of the divine that still stirs within each of our souls.(Applause.)

讓我們努力達(dá)到世界應(yīng)該達(dá)到的境界——神圣的火花仍然在我們每一個人的靈魂中激蕩。（掌聲）

Somewhere today, in the here and now, in the world as it is, a soldier sees he?s outgunned, but stands firm to keep the peace.Somewhere today, in this world, a young protestor awaits the brutality of her government, but has the courage to march on.Somewhere today, a mother facing punishing poverty still takes the time to teach her child, scrapes together what few coins she has to send that child to school--because she believes that a cruel world still has a place for that child?s dreams.今天，在某一個地方，此時此刻，在現(xiàn)實的世界上，一名士兵知道自己勢薄力單，但仍然堅定地維護(hù)和平。今天，在某一個地方，在這個世界上，一位年輕的示威者知道將受到政府的殘酷鎮(zhèn)壓，但她仍然有勇氣大步前進(jìn)。今天，在某一個地方，一位母親受盡貧困的折磨，但仍然不惜花時間教育自己的孩子，湊集僅有的一些零錢送孩子上學(xué)——因為她相信，在這個殘酷的世界上，仍然有一線空間可以實現(xiàn)孩子的夢想。

Let us live by their example.We can acknowledge that oppression will always be with us, and still strive for justice.We can admit the intractability of depravation, and still strive for dignity.Clear-eyed, we can understand that there will be war, and still strive for peace.We can do that--for that is the story of human progress;that?s the hope of all the world;and at this moment of challenge, that must be our work here on Earth.讓我們以他們?yōu)榘駱由睢Ｎ覀兛梢猿姓J(rèn)，壓迫將經(jīng)常伴隨著我們，但我們?nèi)詩^力爭取正義。我們可以認(rèn)為，腐化難以消除，但我們?nèi)苑e極要求獲得尊嚴(yán)。保持清醒的頭腦，我們可以知道，戰(zhàn)爭將會爆發(fā)，但我們?nèi)耘幦『推健Ｎ覀兛梢宰龅健驗檫@是人類進(jìn)步的歷程；這是全世界的希望；在當(dāng)前面臨挑戰(zhàn)的時刻，這必須是我們在全球從事的工作。

Thank you very much.(Applause.)

多謝諸位。（掌聲）

第三篇：美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬對全美中小學(xué)生的講話

Hello, everybody!Thank you.Thank you.Thank you, everybody.All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat.How is everybody doing today?(Applause.)How about Tim Spicer?(Applause.)I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia.And we've got students tuning in from all across America, from kindergarten through 12th grade.And I am just so glad that all could join us today.And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host.Give yourselves a big round of applause.(Applause.)

大家好！謝謝你們。謝謝你們。謝謝你們大家。好，大家請就坐。你們今天都好嗎？（掌聲）蒂姆.斯派塞（Tim Spicer）好嗎？（掌聲）我現(xiàn)在與弗吉尼亞州阿靈頓郡韋克菲爾德高中的學(xué)生們在一起。美國各地從小學(xué)預(yù)備班到中學(xué)12年級的學(xué)生正在收聽收看。我很高興大家今天都能參與。我還要感謝韋克菲爾德高中出色的組織安排。請為你們自己熱烈鼓掌。（掌聲）

I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school.And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it's your first day in a new school, so it's understandable if you're a little nervous.I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now--(applause)--with just one more year to go.And no matter what grade you're in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could've stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning.1 / 36

我知道，今天是你們很多人開學(xué)的日子。對于進(jìn)入小學(xué)預(yù)備班、初中或高中的學(xué)生，今天是你們來到新學(xué)校的第一天，心里可能有點緊張，這是可以理解的。我能想象 有些畢業(yè)班學(xué)生現(xiàn)在感覺很不錯——（掌聲）——還有一年就畢業(yè)了。不論在哪個年級，你們有些人可能希望暑假更長一點，今天早上還能多睡一小會兒。

I know that feeling.When I was young, my family lived overseas.I lived in Indonesia for a few years.And my mother, she didn't have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education.So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday.But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.我了解這種感覺。我小時候，我們家生活在海外。我在印度尼西亞住了幾年。我媽媽沒有錢送我上其他美國孩子上的學(xué)校，但她認(rèn)為必須讓我接受美式教育。因此，她決定從周一到周五自己給我補(bǔ)課。不過她還要上班，所以只能在清晨四點半給我上課。

Now, as you might imagine, I wasn't too happy about getting up that early.And a lot of times, I'd fall asleep right there at the kitchen table.But whenever I'd complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she'd say, “This is no picnic for me either, buster.”(Laughter.)

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你們可以想見，我不太情愿那么早起床。有很多次，我趴在餐桌上就睡著了。但每當(dāng)我抱怨的時候，我媽媽都會那樣地看我一眼，然后說：“小子，這對我也并不輕松。”（笑聲）

So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school.But I'm here today because I have something important to discuss with you.I'm here because I want to talk with you about your education and what's expected of all of you in this new school year.我知道你們有些人還在適應(yīng)開學(xué)后的生活。但我今天來到這里是因為有重要的事情要和你們說。我來這里是要和你們談?wù)勀銈兊慕逃龁栴}，以及在這個新學(xué)年對你們所有人的期望。

Now, I've given a lot of speeches about education.And I've talked about responsibility a lot.我做過很多次有關(guān)教育問題的演講。我多次談到過責(zé)任問題。

I've talked about teachers' responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn.3 / 36

我談到過教師激勵學(xué)生并督促他們學(xué)習(xí)的責(zé)任。

I've talked about your parents' responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and you get your homework done, and don't spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox.我談到過家長的責(zé)任，要確保你們走正路，完成家庭作業(yè)，不要整天坐在電視前或玩Xbox游戲。

I've talked a lot about your government's responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals, and turning around schools that aren't working, where students aren't getting the opportunities that they deserve.我多次談到過政府的責(zé)任，要制定高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，支持教師和校長的工作，徹底改善不能為學(xué)生提供應(yīng)有機(jī)會的、教育質(zhì)量差的學(xué)校。

But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world--and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed.That's what I want to focus on today: the

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responsibility each of you has for your education.然而，即使我們擁有最敬業(yè)的教師，最盡力的家長和全世界最好的學(xué)校——如果你們大家不履行你們的責(zé)任，不到校上課，不專心聽講，不聽家長、祖父祖母和其他大 人的話，不付出取得成功所必須的勤奮努力，那么這一切都毫無用處，都無關(guān)緊要。這就是我今天講話的重點：你們每個人對自己的教育應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。

I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself.Every single one of you has something that you're good at.Every single one of you has something to offer.And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is.That's the opportunity an education can provide.我首先要講講你們對自己應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。你們每個人都有自己的長處。你們每個人都能做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。你們對自己應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任是發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的能力所在。而教育能夠提供這樣的機(jī)會。

Maybe you could be a great writer--maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper--but you might not know it until you write that English paper--that English class paper that's assigned to you.Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor--maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine--but you might not know it until you

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do your project for your science class.Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice--but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team.你或許能成為一名出色的作家——甚至可能寫書或在報紙上發(fā)表文章——但你可能要在完成那篇英文課的作文后才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的才華。你或許能成為一名創(chuàng)新者或發(fā)明家——甚至可能設(shè)計出新一代iPhone或研制出新型藥物或疫苗——但你可能要在完成科學(xué)課的實驗后才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的才華。你或許能成為一名市長或參議員或最高法院的大法官——但你可能要在參加學(xué)生會的工作或辯論隊后才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的才華。

And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you'll need an education to do it.You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You're going to need a good education for every single one of those careers.You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job.You've got to train for it and work for it and learn for it.不論你的生活志向是什么，我敢肯定你必須上學(xué)讀書才能實現(xiàn)它。你想當(dāng)醫(yī)生、教師或警官嗎？你想當(dāng)護(hù)士、建筑師、律師或軍人嗎？你必須接受良好的教育，才能從事上述任何一種職業(yè)。你不能指望輟學(xué)后能碰上個好工作。你必須接受培訓(xùn)，為之努力，為之學(xué)習(xí)。

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And this isn't just important for your own life and your own future.What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country.The future of America depends on you.What you're learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future.這并非只對你個人的人生和未來意義重大。可以毫不夸大地說，教育給你帶來的益處將決定這個國家的未來。美國的未來取決于你們。你們今日在校學(xué)習(xí)的知識將決定我們作為一個國家是否能夠迎接我們未來所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。

You'll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment.You'll need the insights and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness, crime and discrimination, and make our nation more fair and more free.You'll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy.你們將需要利用你們通過自然科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)課程所學(xué)到的知識和解決問題的能力來治愈癌癥、艾滋病及其他疾病，開發(fā)新的能源技術(shù)和保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。你們將需要利用 你們在歷史學(xué)和社會學(xué)課堂上所獲得的知識和獨(dú)立思考能力來抗擊貧困和解決無家可歸問題，打擊犯罪和消除歧視，使我們的國家

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更公平、更自由。你們將需要利用 你們在所有課堂上培養(yǎng)的創(chuàng)造力和智慧來創(chuàng)辦新公司，增加就業(yè)機(jī)會，振興我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。

We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.If you don't do that--if you quit on school--you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country.我們需要你們每個人發(fā)揮你們的聰明才智和技能，以便幫助老一輩人解決我們面臨的最棘手問題。如果你們不這樣做，如果你們輟學(xué)，你們不僅僅是自暴自棄，也是拋棄自己的國家。

Now, I know it's not always easy to do well in school.I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork.我自然知道要做到學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)秀并非總是易事。我知道你們許多人在生活中面臨挑戰(zhàn)，難以集中精力從事學(xué)業(yè)。

I get it.I know what it's like.My father left my family when I was two years old, and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times to pay the bills and wasn't always able to give us the things that other kids had.8 / 36

There were times when I missed having a father in my life.There were times when I was lonely and I felt like I didn't fit in.我明白這一點。我有親身感受。兩歲時，我父親離家而去，我是由一位單親母親撫養(yǎng)成人的，母親不得不工作，并時常為支付生活費(fèi)用而苦苦掙扎，但有時仍無法為我們提供其他孩子享有的東西。有時，我渴望生活中能有一位父親。有時我感到孤獨(dú)，感到自己不適應(yīng)社會。

So I wasn't always as focused as I should have been on school, and I did some things I'm not proud of, and I got in more trouble than I should have.And my life could have easily taken a turn for the worse.我并非總是像我應(yīng)該做到的那樣專心學(xué)習(xí)，我也曾做過我如今不能引以為豪的一些事情，我曾惹過不應(yīng)該惹的麻煩。我的人生原本會輕易陷入更糟糕的境地。

But I was--I was lucky.I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my dreams.My wife, our First Lady Michelle Obama, she has a similar story.Neither of her parents had gone to college, and they didn't have a lot of money.But they worked hard, and she worked hard, so that she could go to the best schools in this country.9 / 36

但是，我當(dāng)年際遇不錯。我有過許多第二次機(jī)會，我有幸能上大學(xué)，上法學(xué)院，追求自己的理想。我的妻子，我們的第一夫人米歇爾.奧巴馬，也有著類似的經(jīng)歷。她的父母都未曾上過大學(xué)，家里很窮。但他們非常勤奮，她也是如此，因此她得以進(jìn)入一些美國最好的學(xué)校。

Some of you might not have those advantages.Maybe you don't have adults in your life who give you the support that you need.Maybe someone in your family has lost their job and there's not enough money to go around.Maybe you live in a neighborhood where you don't feel safe, or have friends who are pressuring you to do things you know aren't right.你們中有一些人可能沒有那些有利條件。或許你們生活中沒有成年人為你們提供你們所需要的支持。或許你們家中有人失業(yè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)非常拮據(jù)。或許你們生活在使你們感覺不安全的社區(qū)，或有朋友逼迫你們?nèi)プ瞿銈冎啦粚Φ氖虑椤?/p>

But at the end of the day, the circumstances of your life--what you look like, where you come from, how much money you have, what you've got going on at home--none of that is an excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school.That's no excuse for talking back to your teacher, or cutting class, or dropping out of school.There is no excuse for not trying.10 / 36

然而說到底，你們生活的環(huán)境、你們的膚色、你們的原籍、你們的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入、你們家中的境況等等，這一切都不能成為你們不用功或不努力的理由。你們沒有理由不服從你們的老師、逃學(xué)、或輟學(xué)。沒有理由不付出努力。

Where you are right now doesn't have to determine where you'll end up.No one's written your destiny for you, because here in America, you write your own destiny.You make your own future.你們目前的狀況并不決定著你們的未來。沒有人決定你們的命運(yùn)，在美國，你們決定自己的命運(yùn)。你們掌握自己的未來。

That's what young people like you are doing every day, all across America.這就是像你們這樣的年輕人每天都在做的事情，全美各地都是如此。

Young people like Jazmin Perez, from Roma, Texas.Jazmin didn't speak English when she first started school.Neither of her parents had gone to college.But she worked hard, earned good grades, and got a scholarship to Brown University--is now in graduate school, studying public health, on her way to becoming Dr.Jazmin Perez.來自得州羅馬城的賈茲敏.佩雷斯（Jazmin Perez）就是一個例證，她剛開

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始上學(xué)時并不會說英文。她的父母都沒有上過大學(xué)。然而，她非常勤奮，成績優(yōu)秀，獲得了布朗大學(xué)的獎學(xué)金，她如今正在讀研究生，攻讀公共衛(wèi)生專業(yè)，不久將成為賈茲敏.佩雷斯博士。

I'm thinking about Andoni Schultz, from Los Altos, California, who's fought brain cancer since he was three.He's had to endure all sorts of treatments and surgeries, one of which affected his memory, so it took him much longer--hundreds of extra hours--to do his schoolwork.But he never fell behind.He's headed to college this fall.我想起了加州洛斯阿爾托斯城的安多尼.舒爾茨（Andoni Schultz），他從三歲開始就一直與腦癌進(jìn)行抗?fàn)帲坏貌蝗淌芨黝愔委熀褪中g(shù)帶來的痛苦，其中一項手術(shù)曾影響了他的記憶，因此他花在功課上的時間比一般人長得多，要多出數(shù)百個小時。然而，他從未落后。他今年秋季將邁進(jìn)大學(xué)。

And then there's Shantell Steve, from my hometown of Chicago, Illinois.Even when bouncing from foster home to foster home in the toughest neighborhoods in the city, she managed to get a job at a local health care center, start a program to keep young people out of gangs, and she's on track to graduate high school with honors and go on to college.我還想起家鄉(xiāng)伊利諾伊州芝加哥市的尚特爾.史蒂夫（Shantell Steve）。她

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曾在芝加哥最困難的社區(qū)生活，寄養(yǎng)于多個不同的家庭，但她最終在一家地方醫(yī)療中心找到工作，并開始了一項幫助年輕人遠(yuǎn)離流氓團(tuán)伙的計劃，她即將以優(yōu)異成績從中學(xué)畢業(yè)，緊接著將上大學(xué)。

And Jazmin, Andoni, and Shantell aren't any different from any of you.They face challenges in their lives just like you do.In some cases they've got it a lot worse off than many of you.But they refused to give up.They chose to take responsibility for their lives, for their education, and set goals for themselves.And I expect all of you to do the same.賈茲敏、安多尼和尚特爾與你們中間的每個人沒什么兩樣。跟你們一樣，他們在生活中面臨種種挑戰(zhàn)。在某些情況下，他們的處境比起你們許多人更差。但他們拒絕放棄。他們決定要為自己的一生、自己的教育負(fù)起責(zé)任，為自己設(shè)定各項奮斗目標(biāo)。我期待你們大家都會這樣做。

That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education--and do everything you can to meet them.Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time each day reading a book.Maybe you'll decide to get involved in an extracurricular activity, or volunteer in your community.Maybe you'll decide to stand up for kids who are being teased or bullied because of who they are or how they look, because you believe, like I do, that all young people deserve a safe

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environment to study and learn.Maybe you'll decide to take better care of yourself so you can be more ready to learn.And along those lines, by the way, I hope all of you are washing your hands a lot, and that you stay home from school when you don't feel well, so we can keep people from getting the flu this fall and winter.因此，我今天呼吁你們每一個人為自己的教育設(shè)定目標(biāo)，并盡自己的最大努力來實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)。你的目標(biāo)可以是一件十分簡單的事情，例如完成家庭作業(yè)、上課專心聽 講、或每天花一點時間讀一本書。也許你會決定要參加課外活動或在你的社區(qū)提供志愿服務(wù)。也許你會決定挺身而出保護(hù)那些因為身份或長相而受人戲弄或欺負(fù)的孩子，原因是你和我一樣認(rèn)為所有的年輕人都應(yīng)該享有一個適合讀書和學(xué)習(xí)的安全環(huán)境。也許你會決定更好地照料自己，以便有更充沛的精力來學(xué)習(xí)。順便提一下，除 了這些事情外，我希望大家要勤洗手，身體感到不舒服的時候要呆在家里不去上學(xué)，這樣我們能防止人們在今年秋冬季節(jié)染上流感。

But whatever you resolve to do, I want you to commit to it.I want you to really work at it.但無論你決定做什么，我希望你保證去做。我希望你腳踏實地地去做。I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work--that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star.Chances are you're not going to be any of

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those things.我知道有時候你會從電視上得到這樣的印象：你不用做任何艱苦的工作就能發(fā)財致富并取得成功，唱小調(diào)、打籃球或成為真人秀明星是走向成功的途徑。但實際情況是：你可能不會成為其中的一員。

The truth is, being successful is hard.You won't love every subject that you study.You won't click with every teacher that you have.Not every homework assignment will seem completely relevant to your life right at this minute.And you won't necessarily succeed at everything the first time you try.事實上，取得成功不是輕而易舉的事情。你不會喜歡你學(xué)習(xí)的每一門課目。你不會與你的每一位老師都很投契。不是所有的家庭作業(yè)似乎都與你眼前的生活完全有關(guān)。你第一次嘗試做每件事的時候，不一定成功。

That's okay.Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who've had the most failures.J.K.Rowling's--who wrote Harry Potter--her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published.Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team.He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career.But he once said, “I have failed over and over and over again in my life.And that's why I succeed.”

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這些都沒關(guān)系。世界上最成功的人士中有一些是遭遇失敗最多的人。作者J.K.羅琳（J.K.Rowling）所寫的系列小說《哈利.波特》（Harry Potter）第一部在獲得出版之前被退稿12次。邁克爾.喬丹（Michael Jordan）曾被他的高中籃球隊除名。在喬丹的籃球生涯中，他輸過數(shù)百場比賽，有成千上萬個球沒有投中。但他曾說過：“在我的一生中，我失敗了一次又一次、一次又一次。這就是我成功的原因。”

These people succeeded because they understood that you can't let your failures define you--you have to let your failures teach you.You have to let them show you what to do differently the next time.So if you get into trouble, that doesn't mean you're a troublemaker, it means you need to try harder to act right.If you get a bad grade, that doesn't mean you're stupid, it just means you need to spend more time studying.這些人士獲得成功，因為他們懂得：你不能讓失敗來限制你，而必須讓失敗來開導(dǎo)你。你必須讓失敗向你展示下次如何以不同的方式去做這件事情。因此，如果你遇到 麻煩，那并不表示你是麻煩的制造者，而意味著你需要更加努力去把它做對。如果你有一門課分?jǐn)?shù)低，那不表示你比別人笨，而只表示你需要花更多的時間學(xué)習(xí)。

No one's born being good at all things.You become good at things through hard work.You're not a varsity athlete the first time you play a new sport.You

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don't hit every note the first time you sing a song.You've got to practice.The same principle applies to your schoolwork.You might have to do a math problem a few times before you get it right.You might have to read something a few times before you understand it.You definitely have to do a few drafts of a paper before it's good enough to hand in.沒有一個人天生擅長做各種事情。你通過勤奮而變得擅長于各種事情。第一次從事新的體育項目時，你不可能是一位主力隊員。第一次唱一首歌曲時，你不可能唱準(zhǔn)每 個音。你必須練習(xí)。同樣的道理適用于你的學(xué)業(yè)。你可能要把一道數(shù)學(xué)題做幾次才把它做對。你可能要把一些材料閱讀幾遍才能理解。在交出一篇優(yōu)美的作文之前，你肯定需要打幾遍草稿。

Don't be afraid to ask questions.Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it.I do that every day.Asking for help isn't a sign of weakness, it's a sign of strength because it shows you have the courage to admit when you don't know something, and that then allows you to learn something new.So find an adult that you trust--a parent, a grandparent or teacher, a coach or a counselor--and ask them to help you stay on track to meet your goals.不要害怕提問。不要在需要幫助時害怕請求別人幫助。我天天請求別人的幫助。請求幫助不是軟弱的表現(xiàn)，它是力量的標(biāo)志，因為它表明你有勇氣承認(rèn)自己對某些事情 不懂，這樣做會使你學(xué)到新的東西。因此，請確定一位

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你信任的成年人，例如家長、祖父母或老師、教練或輔導(dǎo)員，請他們幫助你遵循既定計劃實現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。

And even when you're struggling, even when you're discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you, don't ever give up on yourself, because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.即使當(dāng)你苦苦掙扎、灰心喪氣、感到其他人對你不抱希望時，也不要對你自己喪失信心，因為當(dāng)你自暴自棄時，你也拋棄了自己的國家。

The story of America isn't about people who quit when things got tough.It's about people who kept going, who tried harder, who loved their country too much to do anything less than their best.書寫美國歷史的不是在困難時刻退縮的人，而是堅持不懈、加倍努力的人，他們對國家的愛促使他們?nèi)σ愿啊?/p>

It's the story of students who sat where you sit 250 years ago, and went on to wage a revolution and they founded this nation.Young people.Students who sat where you sit 75 years ago who overcame a Depression and won a world war;who fought for civil rights and put a man on the moon.Students who sat where you sit 20 years ago who founded Google and Twitter and Facebook and changed the way

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we communicate with each other.書寫美國歷史的是250年前坐在你們的位置上的學(xué)生，他們后來進(jìn)行了獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭并創(chuàng)建了這個國家。還有75年前坐在你們的位置上的年輕人和學(xué)生，他們走出了大蕭條并打贏了一場世界大戰(zhàn)；他們?yōu)槊駲?quán)而奮斗并把宇航員送上了月球。至于20年前坐在你們的位置上的學(xué)生，他們創(chuàng)辦了谷歌（Google）、嘰喳網(wǎng)（Twitter）和臉譜網(wǎng)（Facebook），改變了我們交流溝通的方式。

So today, I want to ask all of you, what's your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a President who comes here in 20 or 50 or 100 years say about what all of you did for this country?

而今天，我要問問你們大家，你們將做出什么貢獻(xiàn)？你們將解決什么問題？你們將有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？20年、50年或100年后來到這里講話的總統(tǒng)將會怎樣評價你們大家為這個國家所做的一切？

Now, your families, your teachers, and I are doing everything we can to make sure you have the education you need to answer these questions.I'm working hard to fix up your classrooms and get you the books and the equipment and the computers you need to learn.But you've got to do your part, too.So I expect all of you to get serious this year.I expect you to put your best effort into everything you

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do.I expect great things from each of you.So don't let us down.Don't let your family down or your country down.Most of all, don't let yourself down.Make us all proud.你們的家人、你們的老師和我正在竭盡全力保證你們接受必要的教育，以便回答上述問題。我正在努力工作，以便你們的教室得到修繕，你們能夠得到學(xué)習(xí)所需的課 本、設(shè)備和電腦。但你們也必須盡自己的努力。因此，我希望你們大家從今年起認(rèn)真對待這個問題。我希望你們盡最大努力做好每一件事。我希望你們每個人都有出 色的表現(xiàn)。不要讓我們失望。不要讓你們的家人或你們的國家失望。而最重要的是，不要辜負(fù)你們自己，而要讓我們都能[為你們]感到驕傲。

Thank you very much, everybody.God bless you.God bless America.Thank you.(Applause.)

非常感謝你們大家。愿主保佑你們。愿主保佑美國。謝謝你們。（掌聲）

But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world--and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the

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hard work it takes to succeed.That's what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education.然而，即使我們擁有最敬業(yè)的教師，最盡力的家長和全世界最好的學(xué)校——如果你們大家不履行你們的責(zé)任，不到校上課，不專心聽講，不聽家長、祖父祖母和其他大 人的話，不付出取得成功所必須的勤奮努力，那么這一切都毫無用處，都無關(guān)緊要。這就是我今天講話的重點：你們每個人對自己的教育應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。

I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself.Every single one of you has something that you're good at.Every single one of you has something to offer.And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is.That's the opportunity an education can provide.我首先要講講你們對自己應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。你們每個人都有自己的長處。你們每個人都能做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。你們對自己應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任是發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的能力所在。而教育能夠提供這樣的機(jī)會。

Maybe you could be a great writer--maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper--but you might not know it until you write that English paper--that English class paper that's assigned to you.Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor--maybe even good enough to come up with the

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next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine--but you might not know it until you do your project for your science class.Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice--but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team.你或許能成為一名出色的作家——甚至可能寫書或在報紙上發(fā)表文章——但你可能要在完成那篇英文課的作文后才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的才華。你或許能成為一名創(chuàng)新者或發(fā)明家——甚至可能設(shè)計出新一代iPhone或研制出新型藥物或疫苗——但你可能要在完成科學(xué)課的實驗后才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的才華。你或許能成為一名市長或參議員或最高法院的大法官——但你可能要在參加學(xué)生會的工作或辯論隊后才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的才華。

And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you'll need an education to do it.You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You're going to need a good education for every single one of those careers.You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job.You've got to train for it and work for it and learn for it.不論你的生活志向是什么，我敢肯定你必須上學(xué)讀書才能實現(xiàn)它。你想當(dāng)醫(yī)生、教師或警官嗎？你想當(dāng)護(hù)士、建筑師、律師或軍人嗎？你必須接受良好的教育，才能從事上述任何一種職業(yè)。你不能指望輟學(xué)后能碰上個好工

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作。你必須接受培訓(xùn)，為之努力，為之學(xué)習(xí)。

And this isn't just important for your own life and your own future.What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country.The future of America depends on you.What you're learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future.這并非只對你個人的人生和未來意義重大。可以毫不夸大地說，教育給你帶來的益處將決定這個國家的未來。美國的未來取決于你們。你們今日在校學(xué)習(xí)的知識將決定我們作為一個國家是否能夠迎接我們未來所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。

You'll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment.You'll need the insights and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness, crime and discrimination, and make our nation more fair and more free.You'll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy.你們將需要利用你們通過自然科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)課程所學(xué)到的知識和解決問題的能力來治愈癌癥、艾滋病及其他疾病，開發(fā)新的能源技術(shù)和保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。你們將需要利用 你們在歷史學(xué)和社會學(xué)課堂上所獲得的知識和獨(dú)立思考

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能力來抗擊貧困和解決無家可歸問題，打擊犯罪和消除歧視，使我們的國家更公平、更自由。你們將需要利用 你們在所有課堂上培養(yǎng)的創(chuàng)造力和智慧來創(chuàng)辦新公司，增加就業(yè)機(jī)會，振興我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。

We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.If you don't do that--if you quit on school--you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country.我們需要你們每個人發(fā)揮你們的聰明才智和技能，以便幫助老一輩人解決我們面臨的最棘手問題。如果你們不這樣做，如果你們輟學(xué)，你們不僅僅是自暴自棄，也是拋棄自己的國家。

Now, I know it's not always easy to do well in school.I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork.我自然知道要做到學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)秀并非總是易事。我知道你們許多人在生活中面臨挑戰(zhàn)，難以集中精力從事學(xué)業(yè)。

I get it.I know what it's like.My father left my family when I was two years old, and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times

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to pay the bills and wasn't always able to give us the things that other kids had.There were times when I missed having a father in my life.There were times when I was lonely and I felt like I didn't fit in.我明白這一點。我有親身感受。兩歲時，我父親離家而去，我是由一位單親母親撫養(yǎng)成人的，母親不得不工作，并時常為支付生活費(fèi)用而苦苦掙扎，但有時仍無法為我們提供其他孩子享有的東西。有時，我渴望生活中能有一位父親。有時我感到孤獨(dú)，感到自己不適應(yīng)社會。

So I wasn't always as focused as I should have been on school, and I did some things I'm not proud of, and I got in more trouble than I should have.And my life could have easily taken a turn for the worse.我并非總是像我應(yīng)該做到的那樣專心學(xué)習(xí)，我也曾做過我如今不能引以為豪的一些事情，我曾惹過不應(yīng)該惹的麻煩。我的人生原本會輕易陷入更糟糕的境地。

But I was--I was lucky.I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my dreams.My wife, our First Lady Michelle Obama, she has a similar story.Neither of her parents had gone to college, and they didn't have a lot of money.But they worked hard, and she worked hard, so that she could go to the best schools in this country.25 / 36

但是，我當(dāng)年際遇不錯。我有過許多第二次機(jī)會，我有幸能上大學(xué)，上法學(xué)院，追求自己的理想。我的妻子，我們的第一夫人米歇爾.奧巴馬，也有著類似的經(jīng)歷。她的父母都未曾上過大學(xué)，家里很窮。但他們非常勤奮，她也是如此，因此她得以進(jìn)入一些美國最好的學(xué)校。

Some of you might not have those advantages.Maybe you don't have adults in your life who give you the support that you need.Maybe someone in your family has lost their job and there's not enough money to go around.Maybe you live in a neighborhood where you don't feel safe, or have friends who are pressuring you to do things you know aren't right.你們中有一些人可能沒有那些有利條件。或許你們生活中沒有成年人為你們提供你們所需要的支持。或許你們家中有人失業(yè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)非常拮據(jù)。或許你們生活在使你們感覺不安全的社區(qū)，或有朋友逼迫你們?nèi)プ瞿銈冎啦粚Φ氖虑椤?/p>

But at the end of the day, the circumstances of your life--what you look like, where you come from, how much money you have, what you've got going on at home--none of that is an excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school.That's no excuse for talking back to your teacher, or cutting class, or dropping out of school.There is no excuse for not trying.26 / 36

然而說到底，你們生活的環(huán)境、你們的膚色、你們的原籍、你們的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入、你們家中的境況等等，這一切都不能成為你們不用功或不努力的理由。你們沒有理由不服從你們的老師、逃學(xué)、或輟學(xué)。沒有理由不付出努力。

Where you are right now doesn't have to determine where you'll end up.No one's written your destiny for you, because here in America, you write your own destiny.You make your own future.你們目前的狀況并不決定著你們的未來。沒有人決定你們的命運(yùn)，在美國，你們決定自己的命運(yùn)。你們掌握自己的未來。

That's what young people like you are doing every day, all across America.這就是像你們這樣的年輕人每天都在做的事情，全美各地都是如此。

Young people like Jazmin Perez, from Roma, Texas.Jazmin didn't speak English when she first started school.Neither of her parents had gone to college.But she worked hard, earned good grades, and got a scholarship to Brown University--is now in graduate school, studying public health, on her way to becoming Dr.Jazmin Perez.27 / 36

來自得州羅馬城的賈茲敏.佩雷斯（Jazmin Perez）就是一個例證，她剛開始上學(xué)時并不會說英文。她的父母都沒有上過大學(xué)。然而，她非常勤奮，成績優(yōu)秀，獲得了布朗大學(xué)的獎學(xué)金，她如今正在讀研究生，攻讀公共衛(wèi)生專業(yè)，不久將成為賈茲敏.佩雷斯博士。

I'm thinking about Andoni Schultz, from Los Altos, California, who's fought brain cancer since he was three.He's had to endure all sorts of treatments and surgeries, one of which affected his memory, so it took him much longer--hundreds of extra hours--to do his schoolwork.But he never fell behind.He's headed to college this fall.我想起了加州洛斯阿爾托斯城的安多尼.舒爾茨（Andoni Schultz），他從三歲開始就一直與腦癌進(jìn)行抗?fàn)帲坏貌蝗淌芨黝愔委熀褪中g(shù)帶來的痛苦，其中一項手術(shù)曾影響了他的記憶，因此他花在功課上的時間比一般人長得多，要多出數(shù)百個小時。然而，他從未落后。他今年秋季將邁進(jìn)大學(xué)。

And then there's Shantell Steve, from my hometown of Chicago, Illinois.Even when bouncing from foster home to foster home in the toughest neighborhoods in the city, she managed to get a job at a local health care center, start a program to keep young people out of gangs, and she's on track to graduate high school with honors and go on to college.28 / 36

我還想起家鄉(xiāng)伊利諾伊州芝加哥市的尚特爾.史蒂夫（Shantell Steve）。她曾在芝加哥最困難的社區(qū)生活，寄養(yǎng)于多個不同的家庭，但她最終在一家地方醫(yī)療中心找到工作，并開始了一項幫助年輕人遠(yuǎn)離流氓團(tuán)伙的計劃，她即將以優(yōu)異成績從中學(xué)畢業(yè)，緊接著將上大學(xué)。

And Jazmin, Andoni, and Shantell aren't any different from any of you.They face challenges in their lives just like you do.In some cases they've got it a lot worse off than many of you.But they refused to give up.They chose to take responsibility for their lives, for their education, and set goals for themselves.And I expect all of you to do the same.賈茲敏、安多尼和尚特爾與你們中間的每個人沒什么兩樣。跟你們一樣，他們在生活中面臨種種挑戰(zhàn)。在某些情況下，他們的處境比起你們許多人更差。但他們拒絕放棄。他們決定要為自己的一生、自己的教育負(fù)起責(zé)任，為自己設(shè)定各項奮斗目標(biāo)。我期待你們大家都會這樣做。

That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education--and do everything you can to meet them.Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time each day reading a book.Maybe you'll decide to get involved in an extracurricular activity, or volunteer in your community.Maybe you'll decide to stand up for kids who are being teased or bullied because of who they are or how

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they look, because you believe, like I do, that all young people deserve a safe environment to study and learn.Maybe you'll decide to take better care of yourself so you can be more ready to learn.And along those lines, by the way, I hope all of you are washing your hands a lot, and that you stay home from school when you don't feel well, so we can keep people from getting the flu this fall and winter.因此，我今天呼吁你們每一個人為自己的教育設(shè)定目標(biāo)，并盡自己的最大努力來實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)。你的目標(biāo)可以是一件十分簡單的事情，例如完成家庭作業(yè)、上課專心聽 講、或每天花一點時間讀一本書。也許你會決定要參加課外活動或在你的社區(qū)提供志愿服務(wù)。也許你會決定挺身而出保護(hù)那些因為身份或長相而受人戲弄或欺負(fù)的孩 子，原因是你和我一樣認(rèn)為所有的年輕人都應(yīng)該享有一個適合讀書和學(xué)習(xí)的安全環(huán)境。也許你會決定更好地照料自己，以便有更充沛的精力來學(xué)習(xí)。順便提一下，除 了這些事情外，我希望大家要勤洗手，身體感到不舒服的時候要呆在家里不去上學(xué)，這樣我們能防止人們在今年秋冬季節(jié)染上流感。

But whatever you resolve to do, I want you to commit to it.I want you to really work at it.但無論你決定做什么，我希望你保證去做。我希望你腳踏實地地去做。

I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work--that your ticket to success is through rapping

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or basketball or being a reality TV star.Chances are you're not going to be any of those things.我知道有時候你會從電視上得到這樣的印象：你不用做任何艱苦的工作就能發(fā)財致富并取得成功，唱小調(diào)、打籃球或成為真人秀明星是走向成功的途徑。但實際情況是：你可能不會成為其中的一員。

The truth is, being successful is hard.You won't love every subject that you study.You won't click with every teacher that you have.Not every homework assignment will seem completely relevant to your life right at this minute.And you won't necessarily succeed at everything the first time you try.事實上，取得成功不是輕而易舉的事情。你不會喜歡你學(xué)習(xí)的每一門課目。你不會與你的每一位老師都很投契。不是所有的家庭作業(yè)似乎都與你眼前的生活完全有關(guān)。你第一次嘗試做每件事的時候，不一定成功。

That's okay.Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who've had the most failures.J.K.Rowling's--who wrote Harry Potter--her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published.Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team.He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career.But he once said, “I have failed over and over and over again in my life.And that's why I succeed.”

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這些都沒關(guān)系。世界上最成功的人士中有一些是遭遇失敗最多的人。作者J.K.羅琳（J.K.Rowling）所寫的系列小說《哈利.波特》（Harry Potter）第一部在獲得出版之前被退稿12次。邁克爾.喬丹（Michael Jordan）曾被他的高中籃球隊除名。在喬丹的籃球生涯中，他輸過數(shù)百場比賽，有成千上萬個球沒有投中。但他曾說過：“在我的一生中，我失敗了一次又一次、一次又一次。這就是我成功的原因。”

These people succeeded because they understood that you can't let your failures define you--you have to let your failures teach you.You have to let them show you what to do differently the next time.So if you get into trouble, that doesn't mean you're a troublemaker, it means you need to try harder to act right.If you get a bad grade, that doesn't mean you're stupid, it just means you need to spend more time studying.這些人士獲得成功，因為他們懂得：你不能讓失敗來限制你，而必須讓失敗來開導(dǎo)你。你必須讓失敗向你展示下次如何以不同的方式去做這件事情。因此，如果你遇到 麻煩，那并不表示你是麻煩的制造者，而意味著你需要更加努力去把它做對。如果你有一門課分?jǐn)?shù)低，那不表示你比別人笨，而只表示你需要花更多的時間學(xué)習(xí)。

No one's born being good at all things.You become good at things through

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hard work.You're not a varsity athlete the first time you play a new sport.You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song.You've got to practice.The same principle applies to your schoolwork.You might have to do a math problem a few times before you get it right.You might have to read something a few times before you understand it.You definitely have to do a few drafts of a paper before it's good enough to hand in.沒有一個人天生擅長做各種事情。你通過勤奮而變得擅長于各種事情。第一次從事新的體育項目時，你不可能是一位主力隊員。第一次唱一首歌曲時，你不可能唱準(zhǔn)每 個音。你必須練習(xí)。同樣的道理適用于你的學(xué)業(yè)。你可能要把一道數(shù)學(xué)題做幾次才把它做對。你可能要把一些材料閱讀幾遍才能理解。在交出一篇優(yōu)美的作文之前，你肯定需要打幾遍草稿。

Don't be afraid to ask questions.Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it.I do that every day.Asking for help isn't a sign of weakness, it's a sign of strength because it shows you have the courage to admit when you don't know something, and that then allows you to learn something new.So find an adult that you trust--a parent, a grandparent or teacher, a coach or a counselor--and ask them to help you stay on track to meet your goals.不要害怕提問。不要在需要幫助時害怕請求別人幫助。我天天請求別人的幫助。請求幫助不是軟弱的表現(xiàn)，它是力量的標(biāo)志，因為它表明你有勇氣

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承認(rèn)自己對某些事情 不懂，這樣做會使你學(xué)到新的東西。因此，請確定一位你信任的成年人，例如家長、祖父母或老師、教練或輔導(dǎo)員，請他們幫助你遵循既定計劃實現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。

And even when you're struggling, even when you're discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you, don't ever give up on yourself, because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.即使當(dāng)你苦苦掙扎、灰心喪氣、感到其他人對你不抱希望時，也不要對你自己喪失信心，因為當(dāng)你自暴自棄時，你也拋棄了自己的國家。

The story of America isn't about people who quit when things got tough.It's about people who kept going, who tried harder, who loved their country too much to do anything less than their best.書寫美國歷史的不是在困難時刻退縮的人，而是堅持不懈、加倍努力的人，他們對國家的愛促使他們?nèi)σ愿啊?/p>

It's the story of students who sat where you sit 250 years ago, and went on to wage a revolution and they founded this nation.Young people.Students who sat where you sit 75 years ago who overcame a Depression and won a world war;who fought for civil rights and put a man on the moon.Students who sat where you sit

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years ago who founded Google and Twitter and Facebook and changed the way we communicate with each other.書寫美國歷史的是250年前坐在你們的位置上的學(xué)生，他們后來進(jìn)行了獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭并創(chuàng)建了這個國家。還有75年前坐在你們的位置上的年輕人和學(xué)生，他們走出了大蕭條并打贏了一場世界大戰(zhàn)；他們?yōu)槊駲?quán)而奮斗并把宇航員送上了月球。至于20年前坐在你們的位置上的學(xué)生，他們創(chuàng)辦了谷歌（Google）、嘰喳網(wǎng)（Twitter）和臉譜網(wǎng)（Facebook），改變了我們交流溝通的方式。

So today, I want to ask all of you, what's your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a President who comes here in 20 or 50 or 100 years say about what all of you did for this country?

而今天，我要問問你們大家，你們將做出什么貢獻(xiàn)？你們將解決什么問題？你們將有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？20年、50年或100年后來到這里講話的總統(tǒng)將會怎樣評價你們大家為這個國家所做的一切？

Now, your families, your teachers, and I are doing everything we can to make sure you have the education you need to answer these questions.I'm working hard to fix up your classrooms and get you the books and the equipment and the computers you need to learn.But you've got to do your part, too.So I expect all of

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you to get serious this year.I expect you to put your best effort into everything you do.I expect great things from each of you.So don't let us down.Don't let your family down or your country down.Most of all, don't let yourself down.Make us all proud.你們的家人、你們的老師和我正在竭盡全力保證你們接受必要的教育，以便回答上述問題。我正在努力工作，以便你們的教室得到修繕，你們能夠得到學(xué)習(xí)所需的課 本、設(shè)備和電腦。但你們也必須盡自己的努力。因此，我希望你們大家從今年起認(rèn)真對待這個問題。我希望你們盡最大努力做好每一件事。我希望你們每個人都有出 色的表現(xiàn)。不要讓我們失望。不要讓你們的家人或你們的國家失望。而最重要的是，不要辜負(fù)你們自己，而要讓我們都能[為你們]感到驕傲。

Thank you very much, everybody.God bless you.God bless America.Thank you.(Applause.)

非常感謝你們大家。愿主保佑你們。愿主保佑美國。謝謝你們。（36 / 36

第四篇：美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬對全美中小學(xué)生的講話

美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬對全美中小學(xué)生的講話

Hello, everybody!Thank you.Thank you.Thank you, everybody.All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat.How is everybody doing today?(Applause.)How about Tim Spicer?(Applause.)I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia.And we’ve got students tuning in from all across America, from kindergarten through 12th grade.And I am just so glad that all could join us today.And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host.Give yourselves a big round of applause.(Applause.)大家好！謝謝你們。謝謝你們。謝謝你們大家。好，大家請就坐。你們今天都好嗎？（掌聲）蒂姆.斯派塞（Tim Spicer）好嗎？（掌聲）我現(xiàn)在與弗吉尼亞州阿靈頓郡韋克菲爾德高中的學(xué)生們在一起。美國各地從小學(xué)預(yù)備班到中學(xué)12年級的學(xué)生正在收聽收看。我很高興大家今天都能參與。我還要感謝韋克菲爾德高中出色的組織安排。請為你們自己熱烈鼓掌。（掌聲）I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school.And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it’s your first day in a new school, so it’s understandable if you’re a little nervous.I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now--(applause)--with just one more year to go.And no matter what grade you’re in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could’ve stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning.我知道，今天是你們很多人開學(xué)的日子。對于進(jìn)入小學(xué)預(yù)備班、初中或高中的學(xué)生，今天是你們來到新學(xué)校的第一天，心里可能有點緊張，這是可以理解的。我能想象 有些畢業(yè)班學(xué)生現(xiàn)在感覺很不錯——（掌聲）——還有一年就畢業(yè)了。不論在哪個年級，你們有些人可能希望暑假更長一點，今天早上還能多睡一小會兒。

I know that feeling.When I was young, my family lived overseas.I lived in Indonesia for a few years.And my mother, she didn’t have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education.So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday.But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.我了解這種感覺。我小時候，我們家生活在海外。我在印度尼西亞住了幾年。我媽媽沒有錢送我上其他美國孩子上的學(xué)校，但她認(rèn)為必須讓我接受美式教育。因此，她決定從周一到周五自己給我補(bǔ)課。不過她還要上班，所以只能在清晨四點半給我上課。

Now, as you might imagine, I wasn’t too happy about getting up that early.And a lot of times, I’d fall asleep right there at the kitchen table.But whenever I’d complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she’d say, “This is no picnic for me either, buster.”(Laughter.)

你們可以想見，我不太情愿那么早起床。有很多次，我趴在餐桌上就睡著了。但每當(dāng)我抱怨的時候，我媽媽都會那樣地看我一眼，然后說：“小子，這對我也并不輕松。”（笑聲）

So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school.But I’m here today because I have something important to discuss with you.I’m here because I want to talk with you about your education and what’s expected of all of you in this new school year.我知道你們有些人還在適應(yīng)開學(xué)后的生活。但我今天來到這里是因為有重要的事情要和你們說。我來這里是要和你們談?wù)勀銈兊慕逃龁栴}，以及在這個新學(xué)年對你們所有人的期望。Now, I’ve given a lot of speeches about education.And I’ve talked about responsibility a lot.我做過很多次有關(guān)教育問題的演講。我多次談到過責(zé)任問題。

I’ve talked about teachers’ responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn.我談到過教師激勵學(xué)生并督促他們學(xué)習(xí)的責(zé)任。

I’ve talked about your parents’ responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and you get your homework done, and don’t spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox.我談到過家長的責(zé)任，要確保你們走正路，完成家庭作業(yè)，不要整天坐在電視前或玩Xbox游戲。I’ve talked a lot about your government’s responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals, and turning around schools that aren’t working, where students aren’t getting the opportunities that they deserve.我多次談到過政府的責(zé)任，要制定高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，支持教師和校長的工作，徹底改善不能為學(xué)生提供應(yīng)有機(jī)會的、教育質(zhì)量差的學(xué)校。

But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world--and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed.That’s what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education.然而，即使我們擁有最敬業(yè)的教師，最盡力的家長和全世界最好的學(xué)校——如果你們大家不履行你們的責(zé)任，不到校上課，不專心聽講，不聽家長、祖父祖母和其他大 人的話，不付出取得成功所必須的勤奮努力，那么這一切都毫無用處，都無關(guān)緊要。這就是我今天講話的重點：你們每個人對自己的教育應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。

I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself.Every single one of you has something that you’re good at.Every single one of you has something to offer.And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is.That’s the opportunity an education can provide.我首先要講講你們對自己應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。你們每個人都有自己的長處。你們每個人都能做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。你們對自己應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任是發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的能力所在。而教育能夠提供這樣的機(jī)會。

Maybe you could be a great writer--maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper--but you might not know it until you write that English paper--that English class paper that’s assigned to you.Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor--maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine--but you might not know it until you do your project for your science class.Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice--but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team.你或許能成為一名出色的作家——甚至可能寫書或在報紙上發(fā)表文章——但你可能要在完成那篇英文課的作文后才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的才華。你或許能成為一名創(chuàng)新者或發(fā)明家——甚至可能設(shè)計出新一代iPhone或研制出新型藥物或疫苗——但你可能要在完成科學(xué)課的實驗后才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的才華。你或許能成為一名市長或參議員或最高法院的大法官——但你可能要在參加學(xué)生會的工作或辯論隊后才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的才華。

And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you’ll need an education to do it.You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You’re going to need a good education for every single one of those careers.You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job.You’ve got to train for it and work for it and learn for it.不論你的生活志向是什么，我敢肯定你必須上學(xué)讀書才能實現(xiàn)它。你想當(dāng)醫(yī)生、教師或警官嗎？你想當(dāng)護(hù)士、建筑師、律師或軍人嗎？你必須接受良好的教育，才能從事上述任何一種職業(yè)。你不能指望輟學(xué)后能碰上個好工作。你必須接受培訓(xùn)，為之努力，為之學(xué)習(xí)。

And this isn’t just important for your own life and your own future.What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country.The future of America depends on you.What you’re learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future.這并非只對你個人的人生和未來意義重大。可以毫不夸大地說，教育給你帶來的益處將決定這個國家的未來。美國的未來取決于你們。你們今日在校學(xué)習(xí)的知識將決定我們作為一個國家是否能夠迎接我們未來所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。

第五篇：美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在諾貝爾和平獎頒獎典禮的講話

美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在諾貝爾和平獎頒獎典禮的講話

2009年12月10日，美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在接受挪威諾貝爾委員會頒發(fā)的諾貝爾和平獎時發(fā)表講話，以下是講話全文：

Remarks by US.President at the Acceptance of the Nobel Peace Prize

Oslo City Hall, Norway

December 10, 2009 奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在諾貝爾和平獎頒獎典禮上的講話

挪威奧斯陸市政大廳

2009年12月10日

Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, distinguished members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, citizens of America, and citizens of the world: 國王和王后陛下，各位殿下，杰出的挪威諾貝爾委員會委員，美國公民及全世界公民們：

I receive this honor with deep gratitude and great humility.It is an award that speaks to our highest aspirations--that for all the cruelty and hardship of our world, we are not mere prisoners of fate.Our actions matter, and can bend history in the direction of justice.獲此殊榮，我深懷感激并深表謙恭。這個獎表達(dá)出我們的最高理想——盡管這個世界存在種種兇殘困苦，但我們并不任命運(yùn)擺布。我們的行動是有作用的，能夠推動歷史向正義方向發(fā)展。

And yet I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the considerable controversy that your generous decision has generated.(Laughter.)In part, this is because I am at the beginning, and not the end, of my labors on the world stage.Compared to some of the giants of history who’ve received this prize--Schweitzer and King;Marshall and Mandela--my accomplishments are slight.And then there are the men and women around the world who have been jailed and beaten in the pursuit of justice;those who toil in humanitarian organizations to relieve suffering;the unrecognized millions whose quiet acts of courage and compassion inspire even the most hardened cynics.I cannot argue with those who find these men and women--some known, some obscure to all but those they help--to be far more deserving of this honor than I.不過，如果不坦承你們這項厚愛有加的決定所引起的相當(dāng)激烈的爭議，那我就有失疏忽了。（笑聲）其中部分原因是，我在世界舞臺上的奮斗才剛剛開始，而不是接近尾聲。與曾經(jīng)獲此殊榮的一些歷史巨人相比——史懷哲和馬丁·路德·金；馬歇爾和曼德拉——我的成就微不足道。還有全世界為追求正義而遭到監(jiān)禁和歐打的男女志士；那些為減輕苦難而在人道組織中艱辛工作的人；那千百萬默默無聞地以充滿勇氣和關(guān)愛的無聲行動讓最悲觀的憤世嫉俗者也受到感召的人們。我絕不反駁那些認(rèn)為這樣的男女志士——有些知名，有些只為他們所幫助的對象所知——遠(yuǎn)比我有資格獲此殊榮的看法。

But perhaps the most profound issue surrounding my receipt of this prize is the fact that I am the Commander-in-Chief of the military of a nation in the midst of two wars.One of these wars is winding down.The other is a conflict that America did not seek;one in which we are joined by 42 other countries--including Norway--in an effort to defend ourselves and all nations from further attacks.但與我獲獎有關(guān)的最深層的問題可能在于我是一個正打著兩場戰(zhàn)爭的國家的三軍統(tǒng)帥。其中一場戰(zhàn)爭已接近尾聲。另一場并非是美國挑起的沖突；有包括挪威在內(nèi)的42個國家在與我們共同努力，為的是保護(hù)我們及其他所有國家不再遭受攻擊。

Still, we are at war, and I’m responsible for the deployment of thousands of young Americans to battle in a distant land.Some will kill, and some will be killed.And so I come here with an acute sense of the costs of armed conflict--filled with difficult questions about the relationship between war and peace, and our effort to replace one with the other.然而，我們?nèi)蕴幵趹?zhàn)爭時期，是我派遣成千上萬名美國年輕人遠(yuǎn)赴戰(zhàn)場。有些人要?dú)⑸洌行┤艘粴⑸洹Ｒ虼耍沂菐е鴮ξ溲b沖突的代價的敏銳感覺來到這里的——心中充滿有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭與和平的關(guān)系以及我們?yōu)橛煤推饺〈鷳?zhàn)爭而努力的難題。

Now these questions are not new.War, in one form or another, appeared with the first man.At the dawn of history, its morality was not questioned;it was simply a fact, like drought or disease--the manner in which tribes and then civilizations sought power and settled their differences.而這些問題并不新鮮。戰(zhàn)爭，以這樣或那樣的形式，隨著人類的誕生而出現(xiàn)。在歷史初期，戰(zhàn)爭的道義性無人質(zhì)疑；它是如同干旱或疾病一樣的現(xiàn)實——是各個部落以及后來的各種文明謀求權(quán)力和解決分歧的方式。

And over time, as codes of law sought to control violence within groups, so did philosophers and clerics and statesmen seek to regulate the destructive power of war.The concept of a “just war” emerged, suggesting that war is justified only when certain conditions were met: if it is waged as a last resort or in self-defense;if the force used is proportional;and if, whenever possible, civilians are spared from violence.后來，隨著旨在控制群體內(nèi)部暴力的規(guī)范的出現(xiàn)，哲學(xué)家、宗教領(lǐng)袖和政治家也紛紛致力于用條文限制戰(zhàn)爭的破壞力。“正義戰(zhàn)爭”的概念由此形成，亦即認(rèn)為，在符合以下幾個具體條件時，戰(zhàn)爭是正義的：如果戰(zhàn)爭是最后手段或是為自我防御；如果武力程度適當(dāng)；以及在一切可能的情況下不對平民使用暴力。

Of course, we know that for most of history, this concept of “just war” was rarely observed.The capacity of human beings to think up new ways to kill one another proved inexhaustible, as did our capacity to exempt from mercy those who look different or pray to a different God.Wars between armies gave way to wars between nations--total wars in which the distinction between combatant and civilian became blurred.In the span of 30 years, such carnage would twice engulf this continent.And while it’s hard to conceive of a cause more just than the defeat of the Third Reich and the Axis powers, World War II was a conflict in which the total number of civilians who died exceeded the number of soldiers who perished.當(dāng)然，我們都知道，在人類歷史的大部分時間內(nèi)，這種“正義戰(zhàn)爭”的概念鮮被理會。人類顯然有無窮的能力不斷想出新的方式相互殘殺，同樣也有無窮的能力毫不憐惜那些外貌不同或信仰不同的人。軍隊之間的戰(zhàn)爭變成國家間的戰(zhàn)爭——模糊了戰(zhàn)斗人員與平民界線的全面戰(zhàn)爭。這種戰(zhàn)爭大屠殺曾在30年內(nèi)兩度侵吞這塊大陸。雖然難以設(shè)想還有什么比擊敗第三帝國和軸心國更正義的事業(yè)，但在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中死亡的平民總數(shù)超過了戰(zhàn)死疆場的軍人。

In the wake of such destruction, and with the advent of the nuclear age, it became clear to victor and vanquished alike that the world needed institutions to prevent another world war.And so, a quarter century after the United States Senate rejected the League of Nations--an idea for which Woodrow Wilson received this prize--America led the world in constructing an architecture to keep the peace: a Marshall Plan and a United Nations, mechanisms to govern the waging of war, treaties to protect human rights, prevent genocide, restrict the most dangerous weapons.在這種毀滅之后，并且隨著核時代的到來，戰(zhàn)勝者與戰(zhàn)敗者同樣清楚地認(rèn)識到，這個世界需要有防止另一次世界大戰(zhàn)的機(jī)制。為此，在美國參議院拒絕接受國際聯(lián)盟的四分之一世紀(jì)后——而伍德羅?威爾遜正因為提出成立國聯(lián)的設(shè)想而榮獲諾貝爾和平獎，美國帶動世界建起維護(hù)和平的體制：馬歇爾計劃和聯(lián)合國，對發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的規(guī)范，以及保護(hù)人權(quán)、防止種族滅絕大屠殺和限制最危險武器的各項條約。

In many ways, these efforts succeeded.Yes, terrible wars have been fought, and atrocities committed.But there has been no Third World War.The Cold War ended with jubilant crowds dismantling a wall.Commerce has stitched much of the world together.Billions have been lifted from poverty.The ideals of liberty and self-determination, equality and the rule of law have haltingly advanced.We are the heirs of the fortitude and foresight of generations past, and it is a legacy for which my own country is rightfully proud.這些努力在很多方面獲得了成功。不錯，可怕的戰(zhàn)爭仍然發(fā)生，種種暴行依然出現(xiàn)，但第三次世界大戰(zhàn)沒有爆發(fā)。冷戰(zhàn)以興高采烈的人群推倒一堵墻而告結(jié)束；商貿(mào)將世界大片地區(qū)緊密連在了一起；數(shù)十億人口擺脫了貧困；自由、自決、平等和法治的理想斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地向前推進(jìn)。我們是先輩們的堅韌精神和遠(yuǎn)大目光的繼承人，這是我自己的國家有理由為之感到驕傲的業(yè)績。

And yet, a decade into a new century, this old architecture is buckling under the weight of new threats.The world may no longer shudder at the prospect of war between two nuclear superpowers, but proliferation may increase the risk of catastrophe.Terrorism has long been a tactic, but modern technology allows a few small men with outsized rage to murder innocents on a horrific scale.然而，在進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)已10年之際，這一舊有的架構(gòu)正在越來越難撐新生威脅的重壓。世界或許不再為兩個超級核大國之間可能發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭而顫栗，但核擴(kuò)散可能會增加發(fā)生巨大災(zāi)難的危險。恐怖主義一貫是一種手段，但現(xiàn)代技術(shù)會使少數(shù)怒火超量的小人以可怕的規(guī)模殘殺無辜。

Moreover, wars between nations have increasingly given way to wars within nations.The resurgence of ethnic or sectarian conflicts;the growth of secessionist movements, insurgencies, and failed states--all these things have increasingly trapped civilians in unending chaos.In today’s wars, many more civilians are killed than soldiers;the seeds of future conflict are sown, economies are wrecked, civil societies torn asunder, refugees amassed, children scarred.而且，國與國的戰(zhàn)爭正在日益被國家內(nèi)部的戰(zhàn)爭所取代。民族和宗派沖突的重新抬頭、分離主義運(yùn)動、叛亂活動和失控國家的增加，都越來越將平民困于無休止的**中。在今天的戰(zhàn)爭中，平民的死亡大大超過軍人；埋下未來沖突的種子；破壞經(jīng)濟(jì)；摧毀公民社會；形成大批難民；使兒童遭受創(chuàng)傷。

I do not bring with me today a definitive solution to the problems of war.What I do know is that meeting these challenges will require the same vision, hard work, and persistence of those men and women who acted so boldly decades ago.And it will require us to think in new ways about the notions of just war and the imperatives of a just peace.我今天沒有帶來對戰(zhàn)爭問題的決定性解決辦法。但我確知，應(yīng)對這些挑戰(zhàn)要求具有幾十年前那些英勇無畏的前輩所具有的遠(yuǎn)見、勤勞和堅韌不拔。這需要我們從新的角度思考正義戰(zhàn)爭的含義和正義和平的必備條件。

We must begin by acknowledging the hard truth: We will not eradicate violent conflict in our lifetimes.There will be times when nations--acting individually or in concert--will find the use of force not only necessary but morally justified.我們必須首先承認(rèn)這個嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實：在我們的有生之年，我們不會根除暴力沖突。會有一些時候，國家——不論是單獨(dú)或共同行動——發(fā)現(xiàn)使用武力不僅必要，而且為道義所需。

I make this statement mindful of what Martin Luther King Jr.said in this same ceremony years ago: “Violence never brings permanent peace.It solves no social problem: it merely creates new and more complicated ones.” As someone who stands here as a direct consequence of Dr.King’s life work, I am living testimony to the moral force of non-violence.I know there’s nothing weak--nothing passive--nothing na?ve--in the creed and lives of Gandhi and King.我說這番話時并沒有忘記馬丁·路德·金多年前在這同一儀式上說過的話：“暴力永遠(yuǎn)不會帶來持久和平。它解決不了社會問題：只會制造新的、更復(fù)雜的問題”。我站在這里，作為金博士畢生奮斗的直接受益者，就是對非暴力的道義力量的活見證。我知道在甘地和馬丁·路德·金的信念與人生中，絕無軟弱——絕無消極——絕無天真。

But as a head of state sworn to protect and defend my nation, I cannot be guided by their examples alone.I face the world as it is, and cannot stand idle in the face of threats to the American people.For make no mistake: Evil does exist in the world.A non-violent movement could not have halted Hitler’s armies.Negotiations cannot convince al Qaeda’s leaders to lay down their arms.To say that force may sometimes be necessary is not a call to cynicism--it is a recognition of history;the imperfections of man and the limits of reason.但是，作為宣誓保衛(wèi)自己國家的一國元首，我不能只以他們的榜樣為指南。我面對的世界是現(xiàn)實的世界，我不能面對美國人民遭到的威脅無動于衷。因為，切莫誤會：邪惡在世界上確實存在。一場非暴力運(yùn)動不可能阻止希特勒的軍隊。談判不能說服基地組織的頭目放下武器。說武力有時是必要的并不是讓大家變得憤世嫉俗——這是承認(rèn)歷史；是人類的不完美和情理的限度。

I raise this point, I begin with this point because in many countries there is a deep ambivalence about military action today, no matter what the cause.And at times, this is joined by a reflexive suspicion of America, the world’s sole military superpower.我說起這一點，我以這一點開頭，因為今天在許多國家，對軍事行動，不管出于什么理由，都存在一種深深的矛盾心理。有時候，這種矛盾又摻雜著對美國，這個世界上惟一的超級大國的一種反射性的不信任。

But the world must remember that it was not simply international institutions--not just treaties and declarations--that brought stability to a post-World War II world.Whatever mistakes we have made, the plain fact is this: The United States of America has helped underwrite global security for more than six decades with the blood of our citizens and the strength of our arms.The service and sacrifice of our men and women in uniform has promoted peace and prosperity from Germany to Korea, and enabled democracy to take hold in places like the Balkans.We have borne this burden not because we seek to impose our will.We have done so out of enlightened self-interest--because we seek a better future for our children and grandchildren, and we believe that their lives will be better if others’ children and grandchildren can live in freedom and prosperity.但世人必須記住，不簡單地是因為國際體制——不只是條約和宣言——才給二戰(zhàn)后的世界帶來穩(wěn)定。不管我們犯了多少錯誤，一個明白的事實是：美利堅合眾國在60多年里，以自己公民的鮮血和軍力，幫助維護(hù)和保證了世界的安全。我們的男女軍人的貢獻(xiàn)與犧牲促進(jìn)了從德國到韓國的和平與繁榮，使民主能在像巴爾干這樣的地方扎根。我們承受這些重負(fù)并不是因為我們謀求強(qiáng)加我們的意志。我們這樣做是出于開化的自身利益——因為我們?yōu)槲覀兊淖幼訉O孫追求更美好的未來。我們相信如果別人的子子孫孫能生活在自由和繁榮中，他們的生活會更好。So yes, the instruments of war do have a role to play in preserving the peace.And yet this truth must coexist with another--that no matter how justified, war promises human tragedy.The soldier’s courage and sacrifice is full of glory, expressing devotion to country, to cause, to comrades in arms.But war itself is never glorious, and we must never trumpet it as such.所以，是的，戰(zhàn)爭的手段確實在保衛(wèi)和平中具有作用。但這個事實必須同另一個事實共存——不管理由多么正當(dāng)，戰(zhàn)爭導(dǎo)致人間悲劇。軍人的勇敢和犧牲無比光榮，表達(dá)了對國家、事業(yè)、戰(zhàn)友的忠誠。但戰(zhàn)爭本身決不光榮，我們決不能如此宣揚(yáng)。

So part of our challenge is reconciling these two seemingly inreconcilable truths--that war is sometimes necessary, and war at some level is an expression of human folly.Concretely, we must direct our effort to the task that President Kennedy called for long ago.“Let us focus,” he said, “on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a sudden revolution in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human institutions.” A gradual evolution of human institutions.因此，我們面對的挑戰(zhàn)部分來自于調(diào)和這兩個看似不可調(diào)和的事實——戰(zhàn)爭有時必要，戰(zhàn)爭在某種程度上是人類愚蠢的表現(xiàn)。具體說，我們必須把我們的努力放在肯尼迪總統(tǒng)很久以前所指出的使命上。他說：“讓我們把注意力，集中在更實際，更能取得的和平上，這種和平不是基于人類本性的突發(fā)革命，而是基于人類體制的逐漸演進(jìn)。”

What might this evolution look like? What might these practical steps be? 這種演進(jìn)可能具有何種形式？哪些可能是切實可行的步驟？ To begin with, I believe that all nations--strong and weak alike--must adhere to standards that govern the use of force.I--like any head of state--reserve the right to act unilaterally if necessary to defend my nation.Nevertheless, I am convinced that adhering to standards, international standards, strengthens those who do, and isolates and weakens those who don’t.首先，我認(rèn)為所有國家，無論強(qiáng)弱，都必須遵循對使用武力的規(guī)范。與任何國家元首一樣，我保留在必要時采取單邊行動保衛(wèi)自己國家的權(quán)利。然而，我確信遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——的國家更有力量，而那些不遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國家會陷于孤立，并且被削弱。

The world rallied around America after the 9/11 attacks, and continues to support our efforts in Afghanistan, because of the horror of those senseless attacks and the recognized principle of self-defense.Likewise, the world recognized the need to confront Saddam Hussein when he invaded Kuwait--a consensus that sent a clear message to all about the cost of aggression.“9.11”之后，全世界團(tuán)結(jié)一致，與美國站在一起，并在今天繼續(xù)支持我們在阿富汗的努力，這是濫殺無辜的殘忍與公認(rèn)的自衛(wèi)原則使然。同樣，當(dāng)薩達(dá)姆?侯賽因入侵科威特時，世界也認(rèn)識到必須與其抗衡。這一共識發(fā)出的清晰信息是：侵略必須付出代價。

Furthermore, America--in fact, no nation--can insist that others follow the rules of the road if we refuse to follow them ourselves.For when we don’t, our actions appear arbitrary and undercut the legitimacy of future interventions, no matter how justified.另外，美國──以及任何國家──都不能在自己拒絕遵守規(guī)則時要求別人遵守規(guī)則。如果我們不以身作則，我們的行動就會表現(xiàn)為專橫武斷，使未來進(jìn)行干預(yù)的合理性受到影響，無論理由多么充足。

And this becomes particularly important when the purpose of military action extends beyond self-defense or the defense of one nation against an aggressor.More and more, we all confront difficult questions about how to prevent the slaughter of civilians by their own government, or to stop a civil war whose violence and suffering can engulf an entire region.當(dāng)軍事行動的目的超越了自衛(wèi)或幫助某一國抵抗侵略者的防衛(wèi)行動時，這一點變得尤其重要。我們大家都越來越多地面對棘手的問題：如何防止一國政府屠殺本國的平民？如何制止一場其暴行和所導(dǎo)致的痛苦會殃及整個地區(qū)的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)? I believe that force can be justified on humanitarian grounds, as it was in the Balkans, or in other places that have been scarred by war.Inaction tears at our conscience and can lead to more costly intervention later.That’s why all responsible nations must embrace the role that militaries with a clear mandate can play to keep the peace.我認(rèn)為，基于人道理由的武力是正當(dāng)?shù)模缭诎蜖柛傻貐^(qū)或飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)亂的其他地區(qū)。不采取行動不僅折磨我們的良心，還會導(dǎo)致未來以更高的代價進(jìn)行干預(yù)。因此，所有負(fù)責(zé)任的國家都必須相信使命明確的軍事行動所能夠發(fā)揮的維護(hù)和平作用。