第一篇：口譯unit eight

Unit eight介紹性口譯Interpreting Informative Speeches Chinese-English Interpretation（漢譯英）

8-1絲綢之路The Silk Road 歡迎各位參加“絲綢之路游”。我相信為期兩周的瀏覽將成為您一生中最難忘的經歷之一。Welcome to the Silk Road Tour!I’m sure you will find this two-week trip one of your most memorable experiences in your life.絲綢之路的歷史可以追溯到公元前二世紀，當時一名中國官員、朝延的使者張騫沿著這條連接亞歐兩大洲的貿易通道出使西域。這條通道源于長安城，即今日的西安，一路穿越陜西省、甘肅省境內的河西走廊、新疆的塔里木盆地、帕米爾山區、阿富汗、伊朗、伊拉克以及敘利亞，最后抵達地中海東岸，全程7千公里，其中4千多公里的路段位于中國境內。

The Silk Road dates back to the second century B.C.When Zhang Qian, a Chinese official and envoy of the royal court, enmbarked on his business trip to Xiyu(meaning western countries)following this trade thoroughfare linking Asia and Europe.Originating from Chang’an(the present-day Xi’an), the route traversed Shaanxi Province, the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, the Pamir mountain region, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria, ending at the eastern shores of the Mediterranean.More than 4,000 of its 7,000 kilometers were in China.15世紀前的一千多年里，中國通過這條通道給西域各國帶去了絲綢織物、火藥、造紙術和印刷術。同時，這條通道也從國外給我們引進了佛教、伊斯蘭教，以及葡萄、核桃、石榴、黃瓜、玻璃、香水等產品。因為中國絲綢是沿著這條道進入西方國家的，所以歐洲學者將此道稱作“絲綢之路”。

For over a thousand years up till the 15th century, China brought its silk cloth and goods, gunpowder, and paper making and printing techniques to the West via this road.This road, in return, introduced into China Buddhism and Islam as well as grapes, walnuts, pomegranates, cucumbers, glass, perfume and other products from the outside world.Because China’s silk reached the West along this road, European scholars came to call it the “Silk Road”.絲綢之路沿途的大批歷史文物、引人入勝的自然風景以及富有情趣的地方文化，使這一長途遠游成了世界上最精彩的旅游項目之一。在絲綢之路的中國段，沿線散居著許多少數民族，他們對來自世界各地的游客都以禮相待，熱情好客。這里的食物和工藝品不同于中國中部的食物和工藝品。這里的民間傳說，如同天方夜譚一般神奇，聽來別有一番情趣。

A wealth of historical relics, fascinating scenery and interesting local cultures along the Silk Road make this long trip one of the world’s most exciting tourist attractions.Many Chinese ethnic minorities inhabit the part of the Silk Road in China, and they treat tourists from all parts of the world with courtesy and hospitality.The food and crafts in the region are different from those in central China.And the folklore is simply exotic and colorful.我社安排的“絲綢之路游”，始于西安古城，止于新疆首府烏魯木齊，期間我們還要瀏覽蘭州、敦煌以及吐魯番，沿線您可以領略自然景觀的魅力，欣賞古代藝術家高超的工藝，品嘗地方風味小吃，結識當地居民。這次瀏覽一定會給您留下可與家人和朋友共享的美好回憶。The Silk Road Tour our travel agency offers will start from the ancient city of Xi’an and wind up at Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang.The tour will also cover Lanzhou, Dunhuang and Turpan.All along the route, you will have a chance to see the charms of the natural landscape, appreciate the super workmanship of ancient artists, enjoy local delicacies and meet local people.The trip will certainly leave you sweet memories that you will share with your family and friends.8-2傳統節日Traditional Holidays 我很高興有機會向各位介紹中國的主要傳統節日，尤其是介紹中國最重要的傳統節日—春節。

I’m very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays and in particular about the Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday.同世界其他地區一樣，節日在中國是人們勤于烹調、飽享口福的時候。菜市場魚肉滿架，購物和烹調成了人們的主要活動。但是節慶膳食除了在數量和質量上與平日不同之外，一些歷史悠久、具有象征意義的特色食物也是節日必不可缺的伴侶。

Like in the rest of the world, holidays in China are a time to enjoy good cooking and eating.Grocery markets are well stocked with all kinds of fish and meat and shopping and cooking become major activities.But in addition to the quantitative and qualitative differences apparent in holiday meals, some special traditional foods with their symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.例如農歷5月5日的端午節，人們過端午節是為了紀念被昏君貶官放逐而抱石投江自盡的古代詩人和忠臣屈原。最初人們將以蘆葦包扎好的糯米粽子投入屈原自盡的那條江，以祭祀亡靈。今天，人們在端午節時舉行龍舟比賽，而粽子則由活生生的人來享用。

The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month(around early June)is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan, an ancient poet and loyal minister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court.Zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves, were originally prepared as sacrificial offerings for Qu Yuan’s departed soul and dropped into the river where he drowned himself.Today, however, dragon boat races are held during the festival and the zongzi are consumed by the living.農歷8月15日的中秋節是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿，進而象征著家庭團聚。中秋節日的特別食品是一種圓形的月餅，內含核桃仁、蜜餞、豆沙或蛋黃等食物。

The Mid-autumn Festival which occurs on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month(around mid-September)is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and by the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and by extension, family reunion.The specialty of the day is the yuebing(mooncake), a round pastry filled with nuts, candied preserved fruits, bean paste, duck egg yolks, etc.春節是中國最重要的傳統節日，標志著農歷新年的開始。春節的日期按農歷而定，通常出現在公歷2月份前半個月的某一天，過春節又叫“過年”，意思是避開“年”這個怪物。相傳“年”是古時候的一種兇猛的怪物。它的樣子像強壯的公牛，長著獅子一樣的頭。這個怪物通常待在深山里。但每到冬末春初，它在山里找不到足夠的食物就會闖入村莊找東西吃。村民們見之非常害怕，于是紛紛搬家，逃離這個怪物。后來人們發現，“年”非常害怕三樣東西“紅色、明亮火焰以及大聲喧嘩。人們為了阻止“年”進村，就把大門漆成紅色，還點火燒竹子，發出噼噼啪啪的響聲。從此以后，“年”再也不來村里了。一個傳統就這樣形成了。竹子燃燒時發出的這種響聲被后來的鞭炮聲所取代。這就是中國人燃放鞭炮歡慶春節的來歷。

The Spring Festival, the most important traditional Chinese festival, marks the beginning of the Chinese Lunar New Year.The Spring Festival is celebrated according to the lunar calendar, and generally occurs some time in the first half of February.The Sping Festival is also called Guo Nian in Chinese, meaning keeping off the monster of Nian.The legend has it that Nian was a fierce monster back in ancient times.It looked like a strong bull with a head like that of a lion.Usually the monster stayed deep in the mountains.But at the turn of each spring, the monster, unable to find enough food in the mountains, came out of its mountain liar and entered villages to eat whatever it could catch.Villagers were so scared that they moved away to escape the ferocious monster.Later people found that Nian was afraid of three things: red color, bright villages, villagers painted their doors red, burned stalks of bamboo, which made cracking sounds.Ever since then, Nian never again came to the villages.Thus, a tradition was established.Later, the noise of the cracking bamboo was replaced by the bang of firecrackers.This is how the Chinese people began to set off firecrackers for the Spring Festival.春節期間人們通常猛吃暢飲。春節的食物比較講究，除了常見的海鮮、家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習俗烹制一些傳統菜肴。因為春節標志著新年的第一天，所以第一頓飯是相當重要的。餃子、湯圓、年糕和八寶飯是過年時家家戶戶必不可少的吉祥食品。“年糕”這個詞里的“糕”字與“高”諧音，寓意來年“節節高”。香甜的湯圓則是合家團圓的象征。Customarily, lavishly consuming food and drink is a major activity during the Spring Festival.People are usually particular about their food.In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, regional custom dictates that traditional favorites should be prepared and consumed.Since the festival marks the first day of a brand new year, the first meal is rather important.Such foods as jiaozi(boiled dumplings), tangyuan(soup of small rice balls cooked with fillings), niangao(New Year cake, thick steamed pudding of glutinous rice flour)and babaofan(steamed sweet glutinous rice pudding)are sings of good luck and indispensable in every household.The Chinese character gao in the world niangao is homonymous with the word “tall”, suggesting “growing up and prospering” in the new year, and the round sweet dumpling is a symbol of family reunion.春節期間的娛樂活動多種多樣，豐富多彩。耍龍燈和舞獅子是春節期間的傳統項目。還有一種至今仍受人歡迎的傳統表演活動，叫踩高蹺。根據記載，中國人的祖先開始使用高蹺是為了從樹上采集水果。如今，熟練的高蹺表演者能夠在高蹺上展示驚人的技藝，表演高難度的動作。

The recreational activities during the Spring Fetival are varied and colorful.The Dragon Dance and Lion Dance are traditionally performed during the festival.Walking on stilts is another traditional performance event popular in China.According to the archives, Chinese ancestors began using stilts to help them gather fruits from trees.Today’s skillful performers can perform truly amazing feats and extremely difficult movements on stilts.現在，隨著生活水平的不斷提高，人們采用了新的方式慶祝新年，但不管慶祝方式怎么變，春節的精華不會變，那就是為了祈求新年吉祥好意，家家戶戶都會打掃得干干凈凈，門上都會貼上對聯，人人穿上新衣裳，拿出最精美的食物，團聚在一起，互道吉利，表示祝賀。最重要的是，春節是一個合家歡聚的日子，出門在外的人總要想方設法在除夕夜到來之前趕回家，吃上一年中最重要的一頓飯—“團圓飯”。

Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, people have taken up new ways to celebrate the traditional Chinese New year.No matter what changes there might be, the traditional highlights of the Spring Festival will remain the same: hoping for a propitious and happy new year, each family will clean up the house and put up an antithetical couplet on each side of the door.Dressed up in their best, people will get together, treat each other to the most delicious foods and exchange auspicious greetings.Most important of all, the Spring Festival is the occasion for a family reunion.People away from home for various reasons will always try their best to come back home before the New Year’s Eve for the family reunion dinner, the most important meal of the year.從傳統意義上說，春節以元宵節為終結日。每年農歷正月十五的元宵節又被稱之為“燈節”，自古以來就是展覽和觀賞花燈的盛大節日。這一節日正如宋詞所描寫的那樣：“魚燈萬里耀長空，鬧燈元宵處處同。頂馬獅龍人物好，街歌巷舞盡兒童。”

Traditionally, the Spring Festival season ends with the Lantern Festival which falls on the 15th of the first lunar month.The Lantern Festival has been the great occasion to display and watch lanterns since antiquity.A poet of the Song Dynasty wrote these lines, “The sky is ablaze with myriads of fish-shaped lanterns.It is fun everywhere on the Lantern Festival.Lanterns in shape of horse, lion, dragon and human figure are all attractive.Streets and lanes are packed with singing and dancing children.”

我今天簡要介紹了一下中國的傳統節日，希望各位朋友有機會去親身體驗一下我國傳統節日的歡樂氣氛。

I have given a brief introduction of traditional Chinese festivals.I sincerely hope that you have the chance to experience for yourself the happy festival atmosphere in China.8-3教育之本The Purpose of Education 我代表香港中文大學歡迎各位同學。

Welcome to the Chinese University of Hong Kong.香港中文大學，簡稱“中大”，成立于1963年，由當時的崇基學院、新亞書院和聯合書院合并而成。中大是一所研究型綜合大學，以“結合傳統與現代、融合中國與西方”為創校使命。中大設有文學院、工商管理學院、教育學院、工程學院、醫學院、理學院、社會科學院和法學院等8個學院。

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963, which comprises the original Chung Chi College, New Asia College and The United College.CUHK is a research-oriented comprehensive university with a world vision and a mission to combine tradition with modernity and bring together China and the West.At CUHK, there are eight faculties, namely, Arts, Business Administration, Education, Engineering, Medicine, Science and Social Science, and Law.40多年來，我們一直致力于弘揚中華傳統文化，堅持雙語教育，并推行獨特的書院制度，在香港高等教育界卓然而立。中大校園占地達134公頃，是世界上最美麗的校園之一。For more than 40 years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue of our rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique college system.Instruction is conducted in both Chinese and English.CUHK’s 134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.中大的師生來自世界各地。我們有教職員5200多人、近萬名本科生、約2000名研究生，其中約2500人來自45個不同的國家和地區。我們開設的主、副修課程各有58門，可供學生自由選修。中大與全球近200所高等院校建立了學生交換計劃。以2006年為例，約有800名海外交換生來到中大進行一個學期以上的學習交流，與我們的學生互相切磋；而人數相當的中大學生則赴海外學習，親身體驗異國文化。此外，中在還有7000名研究生通過接受繼續教育和專業教育獲取研究生文憑或證書。

CUHK’s faculty and students come from all corners of the world.We have more than 5,200 staff members, approximately 10,000 undergraduates and 2,000 postgraduate students.Of these students, some 2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong.We offer 58 majors’ programmers and 58 minors’ programmes for undergraduate students to choose from.We also have exchanges programmes with almost 200 institutions of higher learning around the world.In 2006, for example, approximately 800 exchange students spent a semester or more at CUHK and they and our students learned from each other by exchanging views, and our students learned from each other by exchanging views, and an approximately equal number of CUHK students studied abroad and experienced foreign cultures.In addition, 7,000 postgraduate students study in CUHK’s continuing and professional education programmes leading to postgraduate diplomas.中大各學院的課程設計靈活，使學生在接受專業訓練的同時，他們的創意也得以發揮。中大實行靈活的學分制，學生可在3年內修滿99個學分畢業。學分制不僅有助于培養又專又博的人才，而且還賦予學生更大的學習自主權。中大的多元教育有助于充分發揮每一個學生的潛能。

CUHK’s faculties offer programmes designed with flexible structure to encourage creativity while grounding students in specialized knowledge.The flexible credit unit system, requiring the completion of 99 units in 3 years, allows a balance between depth with breadth, and a high degree of free choice by students in designing their own learning.The multi-faceted education at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student.中大的校訓“博文約禮”出自《論語》，講求智育與德育并重。我們既強調知識的創造與傳承，又注重學生的全面發展，學校致力于培養懷抱理想、目光遠大、品德高尚的年輕人。The CUHK motto “Broadening one’s intellectual horizon and keeping within the bounds of propriety”, which is taken from the Analects of Confucius, gives equal stress to the intellectual and moral aspects of education.At CUHK, we emphasize not only creation and knowledge but also the development of the whole person, both socially and spiritually.We aim to nurture young people with vision, moral character and global mindset.孔子曰：“興于詩，立于禮，成于樂。”詩與樂能夠打動人心，陶冶性靈。以文學和藝術來陶冶學子的性格品德，可收到潛移默化之效果，并非一般知識傳授所能做到。

Confucius said, “It is by the Odes that the mind is aroused.It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established.It is from the Music that the finish is received.” Poetry and music can touch the soul and cultivate the spirit.The workings of the arts and literature are such that they change and influence the temperament unobtrusively and imperceptibly, something which classroom pedagogy cannot achieve.作為一所綜合性大學，中大的諸多院系提供多種學科教育，十分注重通識教育，讓莘莘學子得以探求廣博的知識。“學而后識禮”，學生適當運用所學知識，既可自律，又可促成群體生活的和諧。

As a comprehensive university, its many6 academic departments offer a wide range of courses that cover diverse disciplines and provide an all-round undergraduate programme for the students.Its General Education Programme forms an integral part of such a programme to provide ample opportunities for young people to broaden their horizons.“Moral propriety follows naturally intellectual development.” Through their studies, students will learn how to stay in the right path, how to exercise self-discipline, and how to create harmony in the community.中大以中國古代神話中的“鳳”為校徽，因為自漢代以來，鳳被視為“南方之鳥”，是高貴、美麗、忠耿和莊嚴的象征。中大的校色是紫色和金色，紫色象征熱誠和忠耿，金色則象征堅毅和果敢。

The emblem of the University is the mythical Chinese bird feng.Feng, regarded since the Han Dynasty as the “Bird of the South”, is a symbol of nobility, beauty, loyalty and majesty.Purple and gold are chosen as university colours, with purple representing devotion and loyalty and gold representing perseverance and resolution.中大矢志發展成為一所國內領先、東南亞地區的世界級的卓越學府。歡迎你們加入我們的行列。Join us in our journey to become a leading university in China and an international university of choice in East Asia.8-4出版王者The Super-Publisher 歡迎各位來訪中國國際出版集團的總部大樓。

Welcome to the head office of the China International Publishing Group.中國國際出版集團是中國最大、最權威的外語出版、印刷和發行單位，其前身是與中華人民共和國同時誕生的中央人民政府新聞出版署國際新聞局。

The China International Publishing Group is the largest and most authoritative foreign language publishing, printing and distribution establishment in China.Its predecessor was the International Press Bureau of the Central People’s Government Press and Publication Administration, set up at the same time as the founding of the People’s Republic of China.我集團堅持“讓中國走向世界，讓世界了解中國”的出版原則，全心致力于中國外語教育與研究事業的發展，全心致力于中外文化交流事業的拓展。

Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “Assisting China’s march to the world and facilitating the world’s understanding of China”, the Group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.我集團現有職工4000名，包括100名外國專家和一大批高級編輯、記者和翻譯，擁護排版、印刷和發行的最新技術與設備。為了加強對出版人才隊伍的建設，為了滿足日益增長的特殊出版業務的需要，我集團每年都要選派一些青年員工到國內外知名高等學府和研究機構進修。

Today the Group employs over 4,000 staff members, including 100 foreign experts and a large group of senior editors, journalists and translators, working with the latest technology and equipment for composition, printing and distribution.In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technically demanding business, the Group attaches great importance to its human resources investment and makes it a rule that young staff be selected and sent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas, for further studies.我集團所轄的11家出版社以50多種語言推出各類圖書達2萬種，圖書重印率高，內容包括政治、經濟、藝術、科技、對外漢語、醫學、文化習俗，以及兒童讀物、旅游指南、小說、古典文學、專業教科書、工具書等。我集團的出版增長新亮點多媒體電子出版物也在逐年擴大。我集團與北京外語印刷廠合作，負責出版7份雜志，這些雜志以36種不同的語言編寫，內容涉及貿易、國家政策和中國文化。我們的制版與印刷設備堪稱一流，可以用50種不同語言進行印刷。我們與中國國家圖書貿易公司合作，建立了一張遍布世界182個國家和地區的發行網絡。

The Group’s 11 publishing houses put out books of about 20 thousand titles with a high reprint rate in more than 50 languages on political science, economics, art, science and technology, Chinese language as a foreign language, medicine, culture and custom literature, academic textbooks, and dictionaries.The increasing digital multi-media publications constitute the new growth point Of the Group.Through the partnership with the Beijing Foreign Language Printing Works, the Group is responsible for the publication of seven journals and magazines printed in 36 different languages covering trade, state policies and Chinese culture.Our first-class plate-making and printing equipment enables us to print texts in 50 different languages.We have a distribution network with the China International Book Trading Corporation covering 182 countries and regions throughout the world.我們在上海、廈門、煙臺、無錫、桂林等城市都設有分社。幾乎在所有的書店、旅館、入境口岸、機場和旅游景點都能見到我們的出版物。我們還在許多海外圖書及出版展示會上展出我們的出版物。此外，我們還可以提供以不同形式出現的中國出版物，例如手工藝品、圖片、幻燈片、音像制品、縮微膠卷、激光視盤、電腦可讀光盤等。

Our branch bureaus operate in many cities such as Shanghai, Xiamen, Yantia, Wuxi and Guilin.Our publications are available at nearly every bookstore, hotel, port-of entry, airport, and tourist attraction.We also have our publications displayed at many overseas book and publishing exhibitions.In addition, we can provide access to Chinese publications in the form of handicrafts, prints, slides, audio and video tapes, microfilm, video compact and laser disks, DVD-ROMs, etc.在全球化步伐加快的時候背景下，我集團主動參與國際競爭，積極參與國際版權交流與合作，與境外45家出版機構建立并保持了良好的合作關系。我集團以敏銳的視野、專業的水準和超人的膽略，引進或合作出版了大量的海外專業著作、外語教材，以及百科辭書。我集團采用各種不同的合作形式，或購買版權，或輸出版權，或策劃選題，或合作出版，與諸多國際著名的出版集團建立了戰略伙伴關系，為拉近中國與世界的距離做出了卓越了貢獻。

Against the backdrop of increasing globalization, the Group actively involves itself in international competition and copyright cooperation by establishing and maintaining good cooperative relations with 45 overseas publishing establishments.With a discriminating vision, professional expertise and overwhelming courage, the Group has imported and co-published with overseas partners a great of number of academic works, foreign language textbooks, dictionaries and encyclopedias.The Group has succeeded in instituting a variety of schemes of collaboration with overseas publishers, such as copyright purchasing and licensing, subject and title engineering, and co-publishing.The Group has established strategic partnerships with prestigious publishing groups in the world, thus making contributions to shortening the distance between China and the outside world.我集團在取得的豐碩成果面前并沒有停止前進的步伐。根據集團的發展新戰略，除了向國內讀者繼續推出精品圖書之外，我們還要將前進的步伐邁出國界走向世界，我們瞄準海外讀者群，在歐美建立了若干個出版公司和分社，并已取得了良好的開局。我們將繼續奮斗，為把中國國際出版集團打造成一個具有國際標準的世界級出版機構而做出不懈的努力。

The Group has not ceased its advancement with its prolific achievements.As is clearly spelled out in the Group’s new development strategy, apart from producing high quality books for domestic readership, we go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the world circulation market.We have established a number of publishing companies and branch offices in Europe and America, aiming at international readership.Our initial efforts have been very rewarding.We will continue our endeavor in implementing our international strategy and work unremittingly to build the Group into a world publishing enterprise of international standards.Sentences in Focus 1.連接亞歐兩大洲的貿易通道“絲綢之路”全程長達7千公里，其歷史可以追溯到公元前二世紀。

The 7,000-kilometer-long “Silk Road”, whose history dates back to the second century B.C., is a trade thoroughfare linking Asia and Europe.2.我社安排的“絲綢之路游”，始于古城西安，止于新疆首府烏魯木齊，沿線游客可以領略自然景觀的魅力，欣賞古代藝術家的高超工藝，品嘗地方風味小吃，結識當地居民。“The Silk Road Tour” that we offer follows a route beginning from the ancient city of Xi’an and winding up at Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang, along which the tourist will take pleasure in the charms of the natural landscape, appreciate the superior workmanship of ancient artists, enjoy local delicacies and meet local people.3.絲綢之路沿途的大批歷史文物、引人入勝的自然風景以及富有情趣的地方文化，使“絲綢之路游”成了世界上最精彩的旅游項目之一。

A wealth of historical relics, fascinating scenery and interesting local cultures along the Silk Road makes this trip one of the world’s most exciting tourist attractions.4.中國農歷5月5日的端午節旨在紀念古代詩人屈原。

The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th month of China’s lunar calendar is set aside and celebrated in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan.5.中秋節的特制食品是一種內含核桃仁、蜜餞、豆沙或蛋黃等食物的圓形月餅，圓象征著圓滿，進而象征著家庭團聚。

The mooncake, a special food of China’s Mid-autumn Festival, is a round pastry filled with nuts, candied preserved fruits, bean paste, duck egg yolks, etc., symbolizing completeness and perfection, and by extension, family reunion.6.春節是中國的農歷新年，其日期按農歷而定，通常出現在公歷2月份前半個月的某一天。

The Spring Festival, or the Chinese lunar New Year, is celebrated according to the lunar calendar, and generally occurs some time in the first half of February.7.大飽口福歷來是春節的主要內容，除了常見的海鮮、家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習俗烹制一些傳統菜肴。

Lavishly consuming food and drink is customarily a major activity during the Spring Festival season.In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, regional custom dictates that some traditional favorite dishes should be prepared and consumed.8.漢語“年糕”這個詞里的“糕”字與“高”諧音，寓意來年“節節高”，而香甜的湯圓則象征著合家團圓。

The Chinese character gao in the work niangao is homonymous with the word “tall”, suggesting “growing up and prospering” in the new year, and the round sweet dumpling is a symbol of family reunion.9.熟練的高蹺表演者能夠在高蹺上展現異常驚人的技藝，表演高難度的動作。

Skillful performers can perform truly amazing feats and extremely difficult movements on stilts.10.春節是一個合家歡聚的日子，出門在外者總要想方設法在除夕夜到來之前趕回家，吃上一年中最重要的一頓飯—“團圓飯”。

The Spring Festival is the occasion for a family reunion.People away from home for various reasons will always try their best to come back home before the New Year’s Eve for the family reunion dinner, the most important meal of the year.11.香港中文大學，簡稱中大，是一所研究型綜合大學，以“結合傳統與現代、融會中國與西方”為創校使命。

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, is a leading research-oriented comprehensive university with a global vision and a mission to combine tradition with modernity, and bring together China and the West.12.我們一直致力于弘揚中華傳統文化，堅持雙語教育，并推行獨特的書院制度，在高等教育界卓然而立。

We have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue of our rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and a unique college system.13.多元教育學分制賦予學生更大的學習自主權，不僅有助于培養又專又博的人才，而且還有助于充分發揮每一個學生的潛能。

The credit unit system of multi-faceted education allows students more freedom in designing their own learning, and helps strike a balance between depth with breadth and bring out the best in every student.14.我校的校訓“博文約禮”出自《論語》，講求智育與德育并重，注重培養懷抱理想、目光遠大、品德高尚的年輕人。

Our university motto “Broadening one’s intellectual horizon and keeping within the bounds of propriety”, which is taken from the Analects of Confucius, gives equal stress to the intellectual and moral aspects of education and attaches importance to nurturing young people with vision, moral character and a global mindset.15.詩與樂能夠打動人心，陶冶性靈，可收到潛移默化之效果，并非一般知識傳授所能做到。

Poetry and music can touch and soul, cultivate the spirit, and influence the temperament unobtrusively and imperceptibly, something which classroom pedagogy cannot achieve.16.我們矢志發展成為一所國內領先、國際知名的卓越學府。歡迎你們加入我們的行列，與我們一起來實現這個愿望。

Join us in our journey to become a leading university in China and an excellent university with established reputation in the world.17.我們并沒有在取得的豐碩成果面前停止前進的步伐。

We have not ceased our advancement in front of the prolific achievements.18.中國國際出版集團是中國最大、最權威的外語出版發行單位，其前身是中央人民政府新聞出版署國際新聞局。

The China International Publishing Group is the largest and most authoritative foreign language publishing and distribution establishment in China, its predecessor being the International Press Bureau of the Central People’s Government Press and Publication Administration.19.為了加強對出版人才隊伍的建設，為了滿足日益增長的特殊出版業務的需要，我集團每年都要選派一些青年員工到國內外知名高等學府和研究機構進修。

In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technically demanding business, the Group attaches great importance to its human resources investment and makes it a rule that young staff be selected and sent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas, for further studies.20.根據我們的發展新戰略，我們會將前進的步伐邁出國界走向世界，瞄準海外語者群，這一戰略已取得了良好的開局。

As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy, we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the world circulation market, arming at the international readership.Our initial efforts have been very rewarding.

第二篇：口譯詞匯

口譯詞匯

Health and Diseases 衛生機構

世界衛生組織 World Health Organization 衛生部 Ministry of health 綜合醫院 general hospital 專科醫院 specialized hospital 兒童醫院 children’s hospital 產科醫院 maternity hospital 整形外科醫院 plastic surgery hospital 精神醫院mental hospital 腫瘤醫院 tumor hospital 診所 clinic

醫院科室

內科(internal)medical department 外科 surgical department 婦產科 department of gynecology and obstetrics 小兒科 pediatrics department 急診室 emergency room 掛號處 registration office 住院處admissions office 門診部 out-patient department/ OPD 住院部in-patient department 護理部 nursing department 手術室 operation room 病房ward 藥房 pharmacy

醫務人員

院長 director of the hospital 內科醫生 physician 內科主任 head of physician 外科醫生 surgeon 外科主任 head of surgeon 住院醫生 resident doctor 主治醫生 attending doctor 產科醫生 obstetrician 小兒科醫生 pediatrician 護士長 head nurse 實習醫生 intern 救死扶傷 save the dying people and rescue the wounded

疾病

先天性疾病 congenital disease 急性病 acute disease 慢性病 chronic disease 流行病 epidemic disease 職業病 occupational disease 傳染病 contagious disease 過敏 allergy

小兒麻痹癥 polio 闌尾炎 appendicitis 霍亂 cholera 癌癥 cancer 糖尿病 diabetes

高血壓 high-blood pressure 肥胖癥 obesity

支氣管炎 bronchitis 哮喘 asthma 關節炎 arthritis

非典型性肺炎 SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome 流感 influenza

甲型流感 A Influenza 禽流感 bird flu

瘋牛病 mad-cow disease

口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease

手足口病 had-foot-and-mouth disease 塵肺病 black lung disease 狂犬病 rabies 水痘 chickenpox 天花 smallpox 瘧疾 malaria

艾滋病 AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome

治療方法

西醫 western medicine 量體溫 take temperature 量血壓 take blood pressure 驗血 test blood 血型 blood type 胸透 chest X-ray

全身檢查 general check-up 藥房 prescription

開藥 give sb.a prescription 口服 oral administration

外用 external use 中醫Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)/ alternative 計劃生育 family planning

提倡優生優育,鼓勵晚婚晚育 advocate healthy pregnancy medicine 針灸 acupuncture and moxibustion 草藥 herbal medicine 拔火罐 cupping 推拿 massage 氣功療法 traditional Chinese breathing exercises 中西醫結合 a combination of Chinese and western medicine 保健

保健食品 health food/health-care food 藥酒 medical wine/liquor 人參 ginseng 蜂王漿 royal jelly 疫苗 vaccine 鮮血 donate blood 個人衛生 personal hygiene 免疫力 immunity 治愈率 cure rate 發病率 incidence of a disease 預防為主 put prevention first

Population and family planning 常住人口 permanent population 流動人口 floating population

盲流 the unemployed migrant people 勞動力 labor force 外來工 migrant worker 臨時工 seasonal worker 人口普查 census

人口基數 population base 人口稠密 densely populated 人口稀少 sparsely populated 人口爆炸 population explosion 人口過剩 overpopulation 出生率 birth rate 死亡率 mortality rate

自然增長率 natural growth rate 人口老化 aging of population 合法婚齡 legal age for marriage 結婚高峰 marriage boom 生育高峰 baby boom period

and scientific nurture, and encourage late marriage and postponed child-bearing

破除重男輕女習俗 change attitude of viewing sons as better than daughters

多子多福 the more sons, the more blessings 男尊女卑 Man is superior to woman 傳宗接代 carry on the family line

養兒防老 bring up sons to support parents in their old age 避孕 contraception

避孕用品 contraceptives 人工流產 abortion 節育 birth control 產婦 lying-in women

婚前檢查 premarriage health checkings 孕產婦死亡率 maternal mortality rate 嬰兒死亡率 infant mortality rate

節育率（避孕率）contraceptive prevalence rate 總和生育率 total fertility rate(tfr)平均預期壽命 life expectancy at birth

每年人口增加數 annual increment of the population 人口基數大 large population base

平均年增長數 average annual increase 平均年增長率 average annual growth rate 城市化 urbanization

人口流動 movement of population 流動人口 floating population

人口老齡化 the aging of population 更替水平population replacement level 社會保障體系 social security system

農村剩余勞力的轉移 the transfer of rural surplus labors 正規的學校教育 formal school education

到去年年末，中國人口已達到11億8千5百萬，比上一年凈增長1346萬。By the end of last year, the Chinese population had reached 1,185 million, a net increase of 13.34 million from a year ago.計劃生育政策符合中國國情，符合整個國家的利益。The family control policy suits China’s basic conditions and serves the interests of the whole nation.sixth nationwide population census 第六次全國人口普查 door-to-door interviews/door-to-door household survey 入戶摸底調查

census enumerators 人口普查員 confidentiality agreements 保密協議

Beijing permanent residency/hukou 北京市常住戶口 household register 戶口登記簿 temporary residence permit 暫住證

local permanent residence permit 長期居住證 mobile population流動人口 aging of population 人口老齡化 demographic dividend 人口紅利

rural left-behind population 農村留守人口 urban population 城鎮人口 rural population 農村人口

functional population zones人口功能區 birth rate/natality rate 出生率 births 出生人數 birth peaks 出生高峰 mortality rate 死亡率

general mortality rate 總死亡率 infant mortality rate 嬰兒死亡率

sex-age-specific death rate 分性別年齡死亡率 mean age at death平均死亡年齡 average length of life平均壽命 natural growth 人口自然增長

NPG(negative population growth)人口負增長 ZPG(zero population growth)人口零增長 annual growth rate 年增長率

average annual rate of growth平均年增長率 vital index 出生死亡比例 vital statistics 人口統計

age-sex composition 年齡性別組成 age structure 年齡結構 age group 年齡組

expectation of life平均預期壽命

rejuvenation of population 人口年輕化 sex ratio 性比率

sampling survey 抽樣調查 random sampling 隨機抽樣 questionaire 調查表 place of birth 出生地 date of birth 出生日期 sampling error 抽樣誤差 migration 遷居

emigration 遷出、移居國外 immigration 遷入、移居入境 migrant 移民

internal migration 國內遷移 migration rate 遷移率

Education and Talents

School Personal and organs

小學一、二年級學生 a primary school student in Grade One/ a second-grade pupil

中學初

一、高三學生 a(secondary school)student in Junior One/ Senior Three

一年級大學生 freshman 二年級大學生 sophomore 三年級大學生 junior student 四年級大學生 senior student

研究生 a graduate student/ a postgraduate student 向某人授予學位 confer a degree on sb.走讀生 a day student/ a non-resident student 應屆畢業生 graduating student 學生會 the students’ union

班主任 the teacher in charge of the class/ the Head Teacher of the class

訪問學者 a visiting scholar 碩士生導師 tutor

博士生導師 supervisor/ adviser 院士 academician

兩院院士 academician of Chinese Academy of Science and Chinese Academy of Engineering

School activities

教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people

學生交付 alleviate/ lighten the burden of the students 教學大綱 the reaching program/ syllabus 批改學生的卷子 to correct students’ papers 期中考試 the mid-term exam

我們語法測試了 We took a test in/ on grammar.口試、筆試 oral exam/ written exam 給考卷打分 to mark the papers

他正忙于畢業設計、寫論文 He is busy with his graduation project/ paper

文憑、畢業證書 a diploma/ a graduation certificate 學生證 the student’s identity card 補考 make-up exam

學校紀律 school discipline

獎狀、獎勵證書 a certificate merit 他曠了一節課 He cut a class.他逃學 He cut school.他被學校開除了 He was expelled from school.他擅自曠課 He was absent from school without leave.給他一個警告處分 give him a disciplinary warning 學費，書費 tuition/ money spent on books

Schools, universities and subjects 托兒所 a nursery 幼兒園 a kindergarten 北大附中 Middle School attached/ affiliated to Peking University 大專 a junior college 高等院校 institutions of higher education/ higher learning 重點、非重點大學 a key/ a non-key university 成人夜校 a night school/ an evening school for adults 函授學校 a correspondence school 遠程教育 distance education/learning 專升本 upgrade from associate degree to bachelor’s degree 中等專業學校 a secondary specialized school 技工學校 a technical school 職業學校 a vocational school 普及初等、中等教育 achieve universal primary/ secondary education 義務教育 compulsory school 聾啞學校 a school for deaf-mutes 幼兒師范學校 a school for kindergarten teachers 護士學校 a nursing school 舞蹈學校 a dancing school 戲劇學校 a drama school 文科大學 universities of liberal arts 理工科大學 universities of science and engineering 必修課 compulsory class 選修課 optional/ elective class 招生簡章 prospectus/ enrolment catalogue 準考證 exam admission card

Hot issues in educations 普及九年制義務教育 make the nine-year compulsory education universal 民辦學校 schools run by non-governmental sectors 自學考試 examination for self-taught students 學分制 credit system 應試教育 exam-oriented education

素質教育 quality-oriented education 實踐能力 practical ability

大學生創業 university students start up their own business 自費留學 self-funded study abroad

海外留學人員 Chinese students and scholars studying abroad

托福熱降溫了 the TOEFL fever has cooled down.考研 take part in the entrance examination for graduate/ postgraduate schools

考研熱 craze for graduate school

大專生 a junior college student;associate-degree student 在職博士生 an on-the-job doctorate

碩博連讀 a continuous academic project involves postgraduate and doctoral study

同等學力 have the same educational level 雙學位 double degree

特困生 the most needy student

擔任系學生會干部 serve as an official of the departmental school union

擔任校學生會宣傳部部長 be the Head of the Publicity Department of the university’s student union

通過大學英語四級考試 pass the College English Test Band 4

獲六級證書 obtain a certificate of CET-6

被評為“三好學生” be cited as “three-good student” 獲三等獎學金 be awarded the third-class scholarship 召開家長會 to hold a parent-teacher meeting

雙向選擇 two-way selection(with employers and graduating students choosing each other in a job market)

世界觀，人生觀，價值觀 world outlook/ outlook on life/ outlook on values

陶冶情操 cultivate taste and temperament

因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 知識經濟 knowledge economy 知識密集 knowledge intensive 偽科學 pseudo-science

招生就業指導辦公室 enrollment and vocation guidance office

人才流失 brain drain

人才交流 talents exchange 職業培訓 job training

211工程 211 Project for higher education

科教興國 rejuvenate China through science and education 復合型人才 inter-disciplinary talent 勤工助學 work-study 師資力量 the quality of teaching staff 品學兼優 excellent in character and learning

經濟類

1.出租車起步價 flag down fare 2.法定準備金率 required reserve ratio 3.實體經濟 real economy 虛擬經濟 fictitious economy 4.反盜版 anti-piracy

知識產權 intellectual property rights 5.出口退稅 tax rebates

人民幣升值 the yuan’s appreciation 6.信貸緊縮 credit crunch

次貸危機 subprime mortgage rate 最優惠貸款利率 prime rate 7.經濟適用房 economically affordable house 8.安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents 9 住房保障制度 housing security system 10.大宗交易系統 block trading system 競價交易系統 bid trading system 11.暴利稅 windfall tax 12.從緊的貨幣政策 tight monetary policy 13.寬松的貨幣政策 easy monetary policy 14.審慎的財政政策 prudent fiscal policy 15.油價飆升 oil prices surge 16.原油價飆升 crude oil prices surge 17.石油輸出國組織 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)18.原油儲備 crude oil stockpiles 19.輕質原油 light sweet crude 20.使人均GDP翻兩番 to quadruple per capita GDP 21.股權收購、股權投資 stake purchase;take stakes 22.房屋中介 letting agent 保險經紀人 insurance agent 地產經紀人 estate agent 23.直銷 direct selling 傳銷 pyramid selling 24.吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback 25.洗錢 money laundering 26.透支 overdraft 27.股市牛年 bullish year 28.上市子公司 listed subsidiary

29.海關稅收 customs revenue 30.稅收減免 tax break 31.貨幣升值 revaluation

32.貨幣經紀人 money broker 33.起征點 cutoff point 34.暴發戶；新貴 upstart

35.養老保險 endowment insurance 36.解雇金 severance pay 37.勾銷債款 write off 38.職員總數 headcount 39.逃稅 tax evasion

40.公開募款 initial public offering

41.戰略石油儲備 strategic petroleum reserve 42.基準點，衡量標準 benchmark 43.出口補貼 export subsidy 44.反托拉斯 anti—trust

45.資產負債表 balance sheet 46.貨存，庫存量 inventory 47.反傾銷 antidumping

48.不足，赤字，差額 shortfall

49.美國聯邦儲備系統 Federal Reserve 50.資本凈值 net worth

香爐 incense burner 八仙桌 square table

王母娘娘 the Queen of Heaven 銀河 the Milky Way

因公殉職 perish in the line of duty 藥檢；興奮劑檢查 doping test 壓力鍋 pressure cooker

終點裁判員 finishing [placing] judge 救生衣 life vest

泄洪 release flood waters 代理市長 acting mayor 槍支管控 gun control 擱淺 run aground 馬賽克 digital mosaic

第三篇：口譯學習心得

學習口譯的小結

學習口譯課程的收獲：

口譯課程對于我們是一個全新的挑戰，初接觸時覺得過程甚是艱難。經過一個學期的學習與磨合，我在聽譯方面能的能力有了些提高，雖然事實上還只是知道了些皮毛而已。

從口譯的基本理論知識上，明白了什么是口譯、口譯的特點、口譯的類型等等；從課堂上的練習上，聽辨信息能力、辨音能力也得到了提高；從老師教授的學習方法上，明白了如何進行口譯記憶與記錄口譯筆記等。所授所學十分的豐富，可實際的接受能力又是因人而異的。

個人在口譯學習上的問題：

首要的問題是聽力，這是我的弱項之一。課堂一直都在訓練，畢竟時間有限。知道這只能是個人的問題。老師也只能耳提面命，要加強這方面的訓練呀。因此也常常覺得對老師有種愧疚感。

第二，記憶方面。聽的時候，腦子要記，筆頭也要記。對于手腦平衡思維不夠的，還真是個大麻煩。

第三，則是翻譯。在聽的時候，所有接受到的信息，需要在短時間安內經過邏輯思維，以清晰的語言組織出來。這需要有較好的母語表達能力以及廣博的知識。總而言之，這是個復雜的過程。口譯對口譯工作者的要求很高。扎實的語言基礎、較強的記憶力、較好的表達能力、良好的心理素質等都是口譯員應該具備的素質。

建議；

一、避免制造緊張的氛圍，因為會導致同學們的思維混亂，口齒不清。也需要提高同學們的心理素質。

二、可以設置口譯模擬。讓同學們互相合作。在犯錯誤的過程中，我們會學會思考，進而容易接受。

作為個人，也許將來我不是從事口譯員的工作，我相信今天所學的知識在潛移默化中對我是很有助益的。在今后，我會加強對自身的管理，為將來的可能口譯機會做準備。

謝謝老師！

第四篇：口譯學習方法

各位大家好

我就是jacky，那個帖子《我如何用一年考上歐盟口譯司》一文的作者。我一直都想把這種系統的方法能夠通過一個很好的方式傳遞給其他人，讓更多的人找到夢想，發現真諦。所以，我和朋友們一起集中智慧，起草了下面的這個操作的原則和程序，算作是一次大型的免費口譯培訓，希望你能夠看懂，如果有什么問 題，可以回帖，如果沒有，就可以直接開始了，一共六個月的進程，如果你能嚴格執行下來，考上二級口譯應該沒問題 1 分為6個不同的階段，也就是6個月，到什么階段，達到什么程度 2 在論壇上法帖，監督自己學習，也接受別人的監督，3 完成了一個階段，給負責人發郵件，才可以收到下一階段的學習指示，所以大家必須要學習后在論壇上發帖，證明你每天都在學習，我們的方法，只能提供給真正熱愛的朋友。4 辦一個經驗口譯員解答專欄。稍候我們會開通這個服務 7 有關學習的具體進程：

第一個月: 模仿新聞1h + 新聞精聽 2h 基本上聽新聞同類話題可以大致理解

第二個月：（該月學習計劃將在前一個計劃結束后給你）新聞聽力一次準確理解大約50-60%，語言能力得到增長，語音有所轉變

第三個月：（該月學習計劃將在前一個計劃結束后給你）新聞聽力一次準確理解大約70-80%，基本上達到語言的運用有了一定積累，新聞聽力一次準確理解大約80-90%，語言運用比較正規，能夠用新聞和標準的語言來表述一些復雜論點，開始筆記練習

第五個月:（該月學習計劃將在前一個計劃結束后給你）新聞聽力進入快速階段，越來越好。語言能力繼續提升，筆記基本上能夠紀錄短時間的文章

第六個月：（該月學習計劃將在前一個計劃結束后給你）新聞聽力達到接近2倍速，語言運用比較完整，筆記基本上能夠應付一般場合可以參加二級口譯考試，并且通過（嚴格按照所說的程序的情況下）。其中1h，2h，均指一個小時，或者兩個小時，也就是每次學習時間長度，每天的學習內容是一定的，但是具體什么時候，這個可以自由安排

請大家注意，如果你真地想要緊緊依靠在線學習成功的話，請務必按照我們的步驟來做，這些都是我實踐之后得出的一些規律，希望大家不要倒行逆施。你每天都必須要寫每一個涉及學習項目的心得，否則的話，我們認為你沒有在學習。

各個學習課程的具體程序，以下程序都可在電腦上完成，并且建議使用其中提到的標準表格，所以最好能夠有個便攜式電腦：

標準表格下載：

每日精聽具體程序,時間120：

一）下載新聞資料（包括文本和音頻）

如果你沒有問題了，就可以開始踏上自己孤獨的征服口譯的歷程了！！

進入第一個階段：

第一個月: 模仿新聞1h + 新聞精聽 2h + 實用英語口譯教程 1h篇二：口譯學習方法 if youre just beginning to explore interpretation as a career choice, the first thing you need to know is that with simultaneous interpretation, youre multitasking like crazy.you listen to what the speaker says, wait a second or two, interpret what they said while at the same time listen to what the speaker says next and remember that so you can interpret that segment correctly when youre done with the current one your working on!thats why a simultaneous interpreter needs at least a 5 minute break for every hour of interpretation.so in order to improve your skills, you need to be able to multitask on a high level.the very first step then is to do something called shadowing.shadowing is repeating what the speaker says word for word in the same language.this will get you used to maintaining the correct delay and will help you listen to what the speaker says while repeating what he/she has just said.the next step is to add another element while your shadowing.this can be something simple like bouncing a ball to yourself or drawing a simple picture while youre shadowing.what this does is get your brain used to doing multiple things at once.the goal is to get to where youre doing things on a subconscious level because if you have to think while you interpret, youll be dead in the water.finally, when you can do multiple things while shadowing(in both languages), its time to add in the actual interpretation.it is a jump to go from shadowing to full-fledged interpretation, but the shadowing part is necessary to help you get a feel for the super-linguistic phenomenon youll encounter in the actual interpretation, such as the speed of different speakers, how much you can delay, and endurance.the great thing about practicing simultaneous interpretation is that you can do it anywhere.while youre driving, tune your radio to talk radio and shadow what the host and callers say.while exercising with your ipod, listen to some podcasts and practice shadowing or interpreting what is being said.shadowing while exercising is definitely multitasking!just remember that even though interpretation is difficult, it is a skill that can be learned after a lot of practice, so if youre willing to stick to it, you will reach your goals.as part of our degree training, we did a couple of interpreter training exercises to get a feel for what it was like to interpret.when we did our training, we would go into a small room, listen to a speech played back on a cassette tape, and use that tape to do whatever exercise we were supposed to do that day, whether it was shadowing, or interpreting(or in my case, a sad, sad excuse for interpreting).the one thing about the tapes, though, was that they were cumbersome.it was hard finding the right spot, you couldnt easily go back and go over a spot you wanted to try again, and it was difficult if you wanted to record yourself trying to interpret because that meant you had to deal with two tapes.well, luckily, the internet(and technology in general)has given interpreters some more convenient tools for simultaneous interpreter training.now you dont have to go to a separate room somewhere and use specialized equipment to at least find out if interpreting is something that you like to do or get more advanced training in.as you can see in the video below, the nearly 9 minute-long press conference is entirely in spanish.簡歷：外交部翻譯室

為美國總統奧巴馬及米歇爾、副總統丹奎爾/馬來西亞總理納吉/新加坡總理/英國王子/成思危/曾培炎/數十位中外部長大使/薩馬蘭奇/羅格/朗朗/以及芮成鋼、王小丫等主持的大型活動做過同傳；曾為北京奧組委近30場新聞發布會做同傳；擔任廣州2010年亞運會50多場決賽賽后新聞發布會口譯（與日英、韓英、俄英、阿英譯員進行接力交傳）。(我對這兩個問題的理解。特貼于此，希望對學習口譯的朋友有所幫助。問1.一篇材料應該練到什么程度才算是過關？

學生：我比較傾向于細化。常常巴不得把一篇材料中涉及的所有背景知識弄明白，把所有的詞匯都列出來，甚至還會對比較難的文章進行翻譯，覺得只有這樣做才會心安。但這樣一來，進度就會非常慢。而且一篇翻譯過的文章應該就不再適合同傳練習了，因為我已經知道講者的內容，沒有新鮮感了。有人認為可先同傳一遍，聽自己的錄音，然后再對文本進行交傳。但是有時吃得太透不被鼓勵。我現在的搭檔非常非常刻苦，這對我來說是一件求之不得的事情，但是這位同學似乎更注重于練習時間的長度與材料的篇數，而對準確度要求不太高。在這個程度的把握上，我有些不知所措。

湯的理解： 1.沒有任何一點疑問了才算過關，也就是100%吃透。這樣要求看似不合理，實際是必須的，盡管有難度。試想：真正的口譯現場千變萬化的、無法預測講話具體內容和討論邊界，各種知識永遠不夠用。是不是？所以平時練習應該做到都搞透，自己上網、搭檔互助、請教老師（注意：知識面的東西，像海洋，往往老師也不能當面給你答案，所以要在實在無法獲得答案的情況下再請教老師，并給老師解答的時間，比如給其發郵件，老師解決問題的經驗豐富，他或她也可以請教其同事好友，或查閱相關網絡或資料，最終也許能給你解答。總之不篇三：中級口譯相關學習方法

中級口譯考試筆試題型分值一欄 發布時間：2006年8月21日

中級口譯考試筆試項目一覽表（及格分：150）卷別 序號 題號 1-20 1 第一 階段 1-7 c: listening translation 主觀聽譯 7 30 12 項目名稱 聽力 a：spot dictation 題型 忠實填空

題數 計分 20 30 比重 % 36 12 40 時間(分鐘)2 3 4 合計

英譯漢 漢譯英

單選 主觀翻譯 主觀翻譯 30 1 1 89 60 50 50 250 24 20 20 100 50 30 30 150 中級口譯考試口試項目一覽表（主觀判斷及格分）

卷別 序號 題號 第二 階段 1 2 1 1-16 項目名稱 口語 口譯

題型 主觀 主觀

題數 1 16 考試時間（分鐘）

:1.下個月上旬也就是2009年3月14日，我要參加上海市中級口譯筆試部份的考試。聽力我想問題不大，現在我也在聽寫“中口”的聽力資料。閱讀有些問題，我明顯感到時間不夠而且看得有些一知半解，錯誤率挺高。它的要求是在五十分鐘內讀6篇文章，平均下來一篇也就留給考生8分鐘左右的時間，而且篇幅很長詞匯量也挺多的。

雖然special english的文章很簡單沒什么難度，但平時我也會買一份shanghai daily 看看，里面的文章也挺好理解的。可為什么“中口”里的文章看得卻令人發暈，或許是里面存在著許多“因、轉、并、比”的邏輯關系。在您的講座中強調閱讀也要一字一字“摳”，力求字字懂，句句懂。可考試只有五十分鐘，時間不允許啊！另外新東方教口譯的老師推薦的一種方法是：選重點的讀。也就是跳過“分詞在句首的句子、引語、插入語、例子?..”，只讀專家的話，轉折強調詞以后的句子?..。對此我就比較困惑了，閱讀到底該怎么“讀”，您能否幫我指點一下。2.“中口”考試中漢譯英的考題都是些政治性很強的文章，如：“我國首次月球探測工程的成功，實現了中華民族的千年奔月夢想，并開始了中國人走向深空探索宇宙奧秘的時代，標志著我國已經進入世界具有探測能力的國家行列。這是我國推進自主創新、建設創新型國家取得的又一標志性成果，是中華民族在攀登世界科技高峰征程上實現的又一歷史性跨越，是中華民族為人類和平并發利用外層空間作出的又一重大貢獻。全體中華兒女都為我們偉大祖國取得的這一輝煌成就感到驕傲和自豪！”我現在的水平只能背一背special english里的文章，讓我翻上述這段文字確實有些困難。怎么辦呢？我該如何準備？（提問者：應屆畢業生網友，提問時間:2009年03月30日）

答: 長篇巨制的問題，問得好不辛苦！呵呵 做閱讀是很泛泛的了，建立在一定英語水平上才談得上“技巧”，首先，從應試的角度，不需要也不可能看通每篇文章。時間有限，先看題目，然后略讀全文，把握主旨，然后到文中找關鍵字，重點讀和問題相關的句子，其他的只好掃一眼過去了。如果像你分析的那樣“精讀”，恐怕15分鐘也搞不定。至于翻譯，更是與語言基礎相關，中級口譯，翻譯并不難的，所以你記住，表達出意思，基本分就有了。政治類經濟類的也不難，你會背書，為什么不看翻譯書，那本書上盡是這些與時俱進，開拓創新之類的套話，背出來，問題就解決了。中級口譯不會讓你翻譯類似文言文的，最重要的意

思表達出來，要想翻譯得高分，比聽力閱讀難得多了。長難句如果翻譯有困難，把它拆開，平時要留心英語中老長的句子，多加分析，很快自己就會翻譯的。好吧，加油吧。祝你好運

推薦：

重點閱讀editorial和feature這種文體，文體特點：實效性、爭議性

雜志national geographic 電子光盤discovery 看盤的方法：聽原聲看英文字幕 口試有一定難度，首先你要加強自己的口語和聽力能力，這點是硬的，誰都沒辦法給你提供捷徑。

然后，你要會速記。因為音帶速度很快，一些關鍵性的詞語很容易漏掉而因此失分，很不值。這里有一點很重要，你要學會提煉關鍵詞，把沒用的句子剔除。不然時間會來不及的。最后，就是口譯詞匯的背誦了，因為和常用詞匯不同，比較官方。所以，一定要事先有一定的詞匯量，這樣才不怕聽不懂，說不出。

我就是這么學口譯的，至于有什么書么。一個是 梅德明教授的教材是最關鍵的，還有昂立的中口必備是不錯的參考書，建議你去買一本看看。希望我的回答能給你的學習有所幫助！！

多練,聽原版英語,做真題.第一，去學一點簡單的速記 第二，多聽多翻多練。

第三，全方面提高自己的英語水平，比如多看英文報紙，原版碟等等。推薦：shanghai star，輕松有趣的一份報紙

把那本口譯書背出來，我就是這么過的。

其它回答(3)多練,聽原版英語,做真題.第一，去學一點簡單的速記 第二，多聽多翻多練。

第三，全方面提高自己的英語水平，比如多看英文報紙，原版碟等等。推薦：shanghai star，輕松有趣的一份報紙

把那本口譯書背出來，我就是這么過的。

準備四本教材《中級口語教程》，《中級翻譯教程》，《中級口譯教程》，《中級聽力教程》，將上面所有的詞匯全都背上，課文最好也能背上，考試前2個月寫真題，中級挺好過的，祝你考個好成績！

筆譯部分的話，將需要買的那幾本書看一看，其中聽力要多練練，特別是聽譯句子和段落，翻譯那本書比較不錯，要精讀，如果你底子還不錯的話，估計就差不多了，口譯要等筆試過了才報名，到時候在準備吧！加油，好運！

中級口譯口試該如何準備？

本文作者：汪亮 悄無聲息間，上海中高級口譯考試迎來了第十二個年頭，而這十二年也見證了口譯考試從最初的不為人所知，到普遍接受，再到如今 ” 滿城盡報中高口 ” 熱潮的點點滴滴。從歷年中級口譯第二部分的考試情況來看，難度逐年加大。這種難度不僅僅反映在單詞，句型的復雜程度，而且反映在句子的長度上。此外，考試中對于考生需要掌握的背景知識的深度也是 2000 年之前難以想象的。下面，筆者就結合在上海新東方中級口譯班上的教學經驗，針對如何備考 2007 年口譯第二階段口試給廣大考生提一些建議，希望能夠對大家有所幫助。第二階段口試共分兩部分。一是三分鐘的英語命題口語，二是四段口譯：二段英譯中、二段中譯英。第一部分，即三分鐘口語，要求考生用英文表達自己對于所給題目的觀點，要求觀點清晰，論據充足，表達流利，語法正確。從考試的普遍情況來看，說不滿三分鐘是很多考生最終失敗的主要原因。其根源就在于考生平時忽視了對于這個部分的練習，總以為考前背幾個主題方面的句子或者段落就可以解決問題。其實不然。因為口語的內容五花八門，包羅萬象，不是簡簡單單背幾個段落就可以的。這需要考生平時長期系統的口語練習。

筆者拙見，考生首先應擴充自己的知識面，盡量能夠多閱讀報刊，雜志，多聽多看新聞，把握住最新的時事動態。原因很明顯，第二部分口試對于時事的考核是非常多的，很多考生其實有不錯的詞匯量和口語表達能力，但是由于對某個主題，尤其是自己平時不太熟悉的主題缺乏了解，導致在考試中出現無話可說的窘境，而其結果只能是和兩位考官“相顧無言，惟有淚千行。”與其考前臨時抱佛腳，不如平時苦煉內功。考生可以每天準備一個主題，按照論點，論據，論證，結論的步驟來進行闡述，盡量控制在三分鐘以內。一般來說，一個月之內，就會得到初步的效果。實際上，在考試中，只要考生能夠流利的用英語對一個主題表達一分到一分二十秒鐘的時間就已經足夠了。篇四：初級口譯學習方法

初級口譯學習方法 佳域通翻譯公司提供

毋庸置疑，學好英語是非常有重要的，而能夠說英語才是最終目的，譯網天下總結了一下初級口譯的學習方法，給初級口譯學員提供一點參考。

第一、模擬

模擬是最好的提供口語能力的方法之一，通過多模擬電影、電視或以英語為母語的人的語音和語調來提高自己的口語能力。

第二、朗讀

要想提高口語能力，一定要大聲的把英文讀出來，而且要帶有意識的去模擬母語朗讀也可以說是第二模擬，所以也需要有意識地以磁帶里的語音、語調去朗讀。在朗讀時，可以把自己的聲音錄下來，認真聽一聽，并進行比較，找出差距，發現自己的弱點。

第三、復述

復述是在模擬、朗讀之后的一個再創作的過程，它比背誦要難。可以盡量用自己的話復述朗讀、聽過的或閱讀過的，也可以完全擺脫原文，組織、創作材料內容。對于程度較差的人，可以先復述原文的中心思想，一句、兩句話即可。然后，由少至多。復述是在沒有人對話的情況下提高口語最有效的途徑之一。

第四、背誦

練習口語不免背誦一些東西，但很多人不喜歡背誦。不過，背誦一些名篇偶是非常有必要的.基礎較差的人一定要背誦一些常用的句型和表達方式。

第五，堅持用英語寫日記。用英語寫日記無論是對提高口語還是提高英語其他方面的能力都是一個行之有效的好方法

毋庸置疑，學好英語是非常有重要的，而能夠說英語才是最終目的，譯網天下總結了一下初級口譯的學習方法，給初級口譯學員提供一點參考。篇五：無敵英語口譯學習方法

用一年時間從六級水平到考上歐盟口譯司！gre詞匯竟然六小時背一遍！un 和美國白宮會議變成2倍速度做泛聽 基本一次聽懂！發現2.5倍速是人聽力速度反彈極限 目前在練習！我們還有多少借口繼續墮落呢？？？ 來源： 曹圣瞾的日志

請大家別再留言了 別再加我好友了 太多網友我就看不到自己朋友的新鮮事了！喜歡的話就分享吧！謝謝大家了！很多人喜歡我轉載的文章 來加我好友 其實我文章為了分享給更多人都是所有人可見 所以不加我也可以在主頁看到的！

我的網名叫做jacky，大學在青島市念書，4年，中國海洋大學的計算機科學與技術。我并不象很多人那樣關注現在的流行，超級女聲，快樂男聲，加油！好男兒，李宇春，張靚穎或者周筆暢，我甚至可能也不知道誰是全國7進6，8進7，我可能還不知道有關滿城盡帶黃金甲，鞏俐和章子怡的最新消息，可是我卻知道第六輪六方會談的結果，我也知道中國暴雨洪災的后果，受災地區，我還有著一段值得人駐足的一段經歷。

畢業之后工作兩年，辭職孤單一人來到北京準備考研。

當初準備的是北外的高翻學院，也就是大家俗稱的同傳專業。但是那時候除了看的是同傳的高薪之外，還有自己提高自己的英語水平。

我一開始，英語程度也就是6級，但是經常鍛煉口語，所以交流很流暢。這是我惟一的優勢，其他的，沒有工作，計算機專業，看來都不是什么好事情。可是我有著很多人沒有的一樣東西。那就是堅定的毅力。這樣是我后來能夠成功被錄取的最重要的一點。

從那年1月開始，我認真準備，但是當時對于高翻沒有清晰的概念，所以很幼稚的覺得，把一套新東方推薦的60篇文章背誦下來，然后背誦gre詞匯就可以解決問題了。結果，大概一個月之后，發現語言運用能力的確有所提高，但是要是參加考試遠遠不夠，因為那時候開始接觸<經濟學家>，發現根本看不懂。于是在網絡上瘋狂的搜索和高翻相關的內容，論壇，網站，blog等等，也開始獲得了大量的信息。其中幾個重要的網站在這里推薦一下： 如果你想要找一個最綜合的口譯資料資源練習方法的網站，就去這里看看

（口譯天下/）如果你要考北外，那么究一定要經常到北外專門的校內網去看看最新的消息，還有很多牛人在哪里發帖，北外星光： /）

這些是主要的一些論壇，接下來我說自己的努力過程的時候會提高他們的用處

為了能夠清晰明了的說明我自己的努力過程，我把自己針對每一個考試所必需掌握的技能，進行的練習列出來：

英語基礎------中英互譯新概念3，4冊，新東方精選60篇文章，張培基散文50篇，實用口譯教程全部，現代漢英口譯教程，現代漢英口譯教程練習冊，然后熟練背誦，這一共7本書！其實還有很多其他的我背誦了只有2-3遍的，就不想提了。這些書腰背誦至少3-4遍，我自己背誦了大概有10遍左右，之后總結當中重要的，自己不熟練的句型，詞組等等，要針對自己。

聽力------這個是我自己感到最重要的，為了鍛煉聽力，我找到了普特論壇，并且嚴格的每天跟著一起訓練，方法大家都可以在論壇上找到。每天聽寫bbc，因為voa太簡單，大概一個月左右就可以完全聽懂。所以我一直堅持精聽bbc直到那年9月份，我找到了一個軟件，可以把音頻變速，叫做nv player，大家搜索，可以找到并且免費下載，其他的軟件我也嘗試了，但是基本上都還是聲音會失真，但是這個軟件只會加快速度，聲音不會失真。之后我開始把bbc變速聽，變到1。1，1。2，，，最后倒了2倍速，你聽起來這個變速可能沒有什么大不了的，但是當你真正的用這個軟件開始聽的時候，才發現，就算是從1。1跳到1。2你都會有很多東西突然間就聽不懂了，與此同時，我還每天下載聯合國網站的會議現場和白宮的會議現場，不斷的變速聽，而且普特論壇上又各種各樣的材料共我選擇，我也在不斷的精聽，精練，倒了10月，我開始精聽bbc2倍速，同時開始了我正式的同傳練習，是的，我已經可以進行同傳了，不過都是同傳un的現場，還有白宮的現場，每天都是一個小時左右，大概過了一個月，我開始同傳voa新聞，新聞的同傳，在同傳界是一個忌諱，也就是說沒有人去做新聞同傳，因為信息集中，密度大，速度太快，挑戰太大，但是我很勇敢的接受了挑戰，并且開始堅持每天同傳新聞，因為我發現un會議和美國白宮的會議太簡單了，我每天都會把un 和美國白宮的會議現場變成2倍速來做泛聽，基本上一次就可以聽懂了。新增國內會外會議視頻下載---聯合國，白宮，英國議會，中國國家新聞辦公室

后來我曾經嘗試一次在安南進行的聯合國的演講錄像，直接進行同傳，基本上對我來說就是放慢鏡頭！每次聽2倍速的作用就顯現出來了，因為最后我發現基本上90%的安南演講內容我都同傳出來了。在此期間，我不但堅持鍛煉同傳新聞voa，并且開始嘗試加速同傳，也就是把新聞變速到1。3倍速同傳，這個的確非常又難度，但是我還是克服了，這需要很多的勇氣還有毅力，很多人會問我，你怎么又這樣的動力，我說，他們都源自我的夢想，一個心中的夢想，希望能夠成為一個語言運用自如的人，運用自己的天分非常自如的人。于是，漸漸的，我到了12月份，已經可以同傳voa新聞的1。5倍速了，這個是非常難的，因為速度很快，而你有必須要同時傳譯，但是這些都造就了我非凡的反映速度，還有我穩定的心理素質，因為，現在我聽人們說話，就真的好像在放慢鏡頭一般。而且12月份的時候我也開始同傳cnn，也是1。5倍速，以及npr，但是bbc我還從來沒有嘗試過，因為bbc我一直都留給自己做每天的精聽 在后來，voa的同傳我就變速倒了1。7倍速了，但是這已經是今年的事情了。

第五篇：口譯考試

3.2中國酒店

中國的酒店按照星級標準劃分為一級、二級和三級酒店。

五星級和大多數的四星級酒店屬于一級酒店。一級酒店的客房配備了全套浴室，冰箱，電話以及衛星電視。這些酒店都擁有可以通過中央空調設備調節氣溫的遙控。其他由酒店提供的附屬設施包括如商務中心、會議設施、美容室、桑拿浴室、外匯和保齡球中心、迪斯科舞廳、游泳池、健身館、飯店、咖啡廳、購物中心以及酒吧等，全天24小時開放。

二級酒店大致包括三星級酒店和一些二星級酒店。其客房設施和服務沒有達到一級酒店的標準。不過，旅游團通常更樂意選擇住二級酒店。

說到設施和服務，三級酒店看起來跟西方國家的汽車旅館差不多。這些三級酒店的硬件設施自然比起那些二級酒店來是要差一些。但是，這些酒店的費用只需低于二級酒店價格的一半的價格。因此，也廣受游客的喜歡。

3.3 史蒂夫 福布斯談《福布斯》

我祖父20世紀初來到美國。他離開英格蘭時身上沒什么錢。連他在內兄弟姐妹10人，不過他自小就受到很好的教育。像許多人一樣，他也是滿懷憧憬和理想來到美國的。他創辦了《福布斯》雜志，報道那些實干家，那些改變商業社會的人。

我祖父常說，做生意不是堆積百萬財富，而是為帶來幸福快樂。如今我們講到公司、經營，文章中會用到許多數字，但焦點一直放在人上面。對公司來說，最重要的是人，而不是資產負債表。以前我祖父是這樣看的，我們現在也是這樣看的。

當前的世界信息泛濫，足以將人淹沒，人們迫切需要一本刊物來解讀這些信息，告訴讀者哪些重要，哪些不重要。這就是《福布斯》的價值所在。我們提供額外的視角和判斷。我們從不停留于表面，總想看看公司到底是如何經營的，正是當今蕪雜繁多的信息使得《福布斯》日益重要。

3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts company

Distinguished guests, dear friends,I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference.Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts.Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50;now the figure is 1,700.Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of 4,500 square meters;now our own facility covers a floor space of 24,000 square meters.These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success.Our leading products are various architectural exotic European cathedrals, the Empire State Building, the White House, and the Pentagon in the U.S., along with cartoon animal toys and Christmas gifts with a variety of designs.Our designs have become trend setters in the industry.Nowadays, our products are sold worldwide in more than twenty countries including Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, America, the UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany.They are well received by both local importers and customers.For fifteen years our output value has manifested an annual growth rate of 30%.4.4 Preserve core values of the Lunar New Year

To people of Chinese descent around the world, the Lunar New Year(also called Spring Festival)is undoubtedly the most important festival of the year.Dating back 3,000 years, it celebrates the passing of a peaceful year and welcomes a new year.The reunion dinner, eaten on New Year’s Eve, is the most special, with members of the extended family gathering for the most significant meal of the year.Even the absent members will endeavor to return home in time for it.It underscores the supreme importance of the family in Chinese culture, and aims at strengthening the sense of togetherness and cohesion.The way people celebrate the New Year embodies two important core values.The first value is the sense of family togetherness;members of multi-generation families are all there to have a big reunion dinner.Everyone will follow this custom.The female members are always held responsible for preparing the dinner, and some rich families may take on extra hands.The second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives, a good way to strengthen kinship and friendship.However, economic development has resulted in some changes in lifestyles.After a busy year, people are tired of preparing for the reunion dinner, and would rather hold their reunion dinner in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs.The festival door-to door visits have given way to New Year greetings via telephone or text messages.Some families even go to such extremes as to travel and seek temporary refuge in a hotel so as to avoid being visited.Some tradition-minded people regard the reunion dinner and visits to relatives and close friends during the New Year as core values, without which the holiday would lose much of its significance.Some pessimists contend that, as the popularity of western culture grows, Chinese traditional festivals gradually lose their original meaning and degenerate into commercial festivals like Christmas.The Spring Festival is an important part of the Chinese cultural heritage, and it will continue to be celebrated.The modes of celebration may change, but the core value should be sustained: that of respect for kinship and friendship.5.2 游覽白宮

兩百多年來，白宮作為美國總統、美國政府以及美國人民的標志一直屹立在那里。和這個國家的首都的歷史一樣，白宮的歷史開始于1790年12月。華盛頓總統和城市設計師皮埃爾·雷芬一起選擇該址作為新的居住地，即現在的賓夕法尼亞大街1600號。

1792年10月，當第一塊奠基石造好的時候，白宮的建設就開始了。盡管華盛頓總統監督了白宮的建設，但是他從未入主白宮。直到1800年，也就是白宮臨近竣工的時候，第一位入主者約翰·亞當斯總統和他的妻子阿比蓋爾搬進了白宮。從那以后，每位入主白宮的總體都會改變原有的裝潢或擺設，使得白宮以新面貌出現。

白宮有著極其獨特和引人注目的歷史。1814年，白宮曾被付之一炬。1929年，白宮的西翼也曾被縱火。白宮的內部全部修復過。盡管如此，其外圍石墻就是兩百多年前白宮建成時建造的。

在星期二至星期六這段時間的上午，白宮是全面開放的。而星期天和星期一，則不對外開放。所有在白宮內的旅游觀光都是免費的。

在游客進入白宮時，通過安全檢查后方可攜帶照相機入內。但是，在白宮內禁止拍照和錄像。

9.3 Multivariate family planning policy in China

It has been over two decades since China adopted the Family Planning Policy.However, there still exist misunderstandings about this policy.People mistakenly think that China’s Family Planning Policy equals the One Child Policy, which allows

one couple to have only one child.Their impression is that this policy is implemented more strictly in urban areas: in cities where people are better-off, one couple can have only one child, while in the poor rural areas, one couple can have two or three children.Furthermore, they think that the One Child Policy is the cause of gender imbalance.I will now clarify these misunderstandings.As a matter of fact, the policy adopted in the early 1980s is a multivariate policy called the Family Planning Policy, or the fertility policy.Its multivariate nature can be proved by two facts.First, the total fertility rate in China now stands at 1.8, which means there is more than one child per family in most areas.For example, there is generally only one child in a family in urban areas, but two in rural areas, and three in ethnic minority areas.In some areas, like Tibet, there are no restrictions at all on the number of children a family can have.We can tell from this fact that China’s Family Planning Policy varies in accordance with the economic and social development level of different areas.Secondly, China is seeing an unbalanced sex ratio at birth at the moment.The sex ratio at birth refers to the number of boys born per 100 girls born.This is not the same concept as the sex ratio of the total population.The unbalance is not entirely the result of the Family Planning Policy.I would like to cite two interesting examples.My first example is the ROK.In 1988, the sex ratio at birth in the ROK was 114, and the ratio now in China is 117.I believe there is no family planning policy in the ROK.My second example is Singapore, whose sex ratio at birth in1984 was 109.Why is it a common problem in Asia? There are two reasons.The first reason is the influence of traditional culture and ideology, that is, a preference for sons, which poses a great problem for the sex ratio at birth.Second, China’s unbalanced birth ratio is attributable to the poor social security in rural areas.The Chinese government has launched a nationwide Girl Care Project to hamper the rising sex ratio at birth.This project aims to educate the general public to abandon their traditional preference for male children and to advocate female children’s status and rights.Secondly, the Chinese government is also making an effort to establish and improve the social security system, particularly in rural areas.Thirdly, the phenomenon of allowing one child for urban families and two to three children for families in poor areas is called reverse selection of population quality.I have two points to make in the regard.The policy in rural areas is made in accordance with the economic situation there.The social security system is being gradually improved in rural areas.If a stringent One Child policy is to be introduced in this process, the household insurance coverage is likely to be reduced for rural families.Therefore, the number of children allowed in rural families is dependent on the economic situation.10.3 中國與歐盟的關系

女士們、先生們、朋友們：

今天，我很榮幸給大家介紹歐盟的一些情況以及歐盟與中國的關系。

歐盟全稱叫歐洲聯盟，是在歐洲共同體基礎上有25個獨立的國家組成的，目的是為了加強政治、經濟和社會合作。原來叫“歐共體”或“歐洲經濟共同體”。

目前的25個成員國是：奧地利、比利時、丹麥、芬蘭、法國、德國、希臘、愛爾蘭、意大利、盧森堡、荷蘭、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英國、塞浦路斯（希臘部分）、捷克共和國、愛沙尼亞、匈牙利、拉脫維亞、立陶宛、馬耳他、波蘭、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亞。歐盟25國總面積400平方公里，差不多半個中國的面積。總人口數為4.544億，排行第三，僅次于中國和印度，約占世界總人口的7%。

歐盟同一貨幣為歐元，2002年一月正式啟用。到目前為止，已經有12個歐盟國家用歐元取代其本國貨幣。同一貨幣使旅行和價格比較容易些，它還為歐洲的商業往來、刺激增長和競爭創造了一個穩定的環境。

目前為止，歐盟的國內生產總值逾10萬億美元。作為一個整體，這個規模與它的主要競爭對手美國差不多。經濟總量和貿易總額分別占全球25%和35%。

歐盟與中國的關系十分良好。今年5月歐盟與中國就建交30周年了。去年，歐盟與中國的進出口貿易總額達到2，000億歐元。德國是中國的最大貿易伙伴，英國、荷蘭名列第二和第三。

歐盟正抓住當前這一大好歷史機遇-團結曾經分裂的歐洲大陸，創造一個和平、穩定、民主的歐洲。這次歐盟的擴大還將創造一個幾乎擁有5億消費者的大市場，這個市場飽含經濟的增長和不斷繁榮的極大潛力。

我的話完了，謝謝大家！

11.3傾銷與反傾銷

如果一家公司以比自己國內正常市場價格更低的價格出口商品，即構成“傾銷”。有些人認為這是不正當競爭但有些則持不同意見。但許多國家的政府采取一些行動抵制傾銷行為以保護本國市場。世貿組織的協定并沒有針對反傾銷的制裁措施。它側重于規定一些政府是否可以或者不可以對傾銷行為采取行動-它通常被稱為“反傾銷協定”。

典型的反傾銷行動的手段是指對特定的出口國的特定產品征收額外進口關稅，以便將其價格接近“正常價值”或消除對進口國國內產業的損害。

一般而言，美國、歐盟、澳大利亞和加拿大一直是反傾銷措施的主要支持者。四個傳統成員發起的案件占了世貿組織反傾銷案件總數的45%之多的記錄。

為什么發展中國家容易被鎖定？

首先，外向型經濟容易引起貿易爭端。由于積極從事出口是促進國內經濟發展的捷徑，許多發展中國家采取了出口型政策。因此，他們的經濟比發達國家更依賴于對外貿易，發展中國家和發達國家難免會有許多摩擦沖突。

第二，發展中國家的出口價格非常低。由于勞動力比發達國家更便宜，產品成本低是可以理解的。此外，來自發展中國家的產品往往不是精心設計也不是成品，從而會影響價格。相反，發達國家的勞動密集型產業是夕陽產業，它們遠遠沒有其他知識型產業有競爭力。產品價格在它們的國內市場上不合情理的高。這些因素容易引起國內產業和當局的注意。

12.4 The Secret of Nano Technology

The term nanotechnology may not sound unfamiliar any more.It has become a buzzword within the hi-tech community, but when asked what’s it about and its impact on our life, I’m afraid many people are not able to answer right away.In fact, it’s already a part of daily life for many.The promise of nanotechnology is almost unlimited.If you think nanotechnology is all in the future, think again.Nano trousers are already on sale in the United States.They feel like ordinary cotton trousers but there’s a thin nano layer, which resists spills and stains.So, if you spill your drink, this is what happens, it just runs off.The trousers aren’t even damp.So nano technology is the science of the very small.But how small is small? Well imagine I was shrunk to a 1,000 times smaller.I’d be about as big as the eye of a fly, but nano is even

smaller than that.In fact, much, much smaller.Imagine I was shrunk again, this time 10,000 times.I’d be about as big as a virus, but nano is even smaller than that.You’d have to shrink4 me another 100 times to get the nano version of me, a billion times smaller than the real me.Industry is already building devices on that scale.Here in Cambridge they’re making very thin nano layers of a plastic that emits light when electrical current runs through it.The technology will soon be on the market, in mobile phones with very bright, energy-saving displays.People will see these initially in fairly simple products like mobile phones but ultimately they will be in TV’s, and when the technology moves on to plastic, you’ll have the roll-down TV that you can put on your wall.Nanotechnology can also be applied to medicine.Ultimately, it will be applied in making a chip that can go into the body, which will release a drug or a whole variety of drugs at an assigned period of time, thus having a healing effect on the body.Nanotechnology can be used in many other fields which are closely related to our daily life as well.The promise of nanotechnology is almost unlimited.That’s why the government is backing itstrongly, yet still many critics fear possible side effects.