第一篇:撒切爾夫人英國國會辯論經典片段
撒切爾夫人英國國會辯論經典片段(雙語文本)
英國前首相撒切爾夫人國會辯論現場,在議會辯論中,撒切爾夫人猛烈抨擊工黨的新稅制,認為新稅制不單是大步奔向社
英國前首相撒切爾夫人國會辯論現場,在議會辯論中,撒切爾夫人猛烈抨擊工黨的新稅制,認為新稅制不單是大步奔向社會主義,更是通往共產主義之路,從而奠定了她強而有力的議會辯手的名聲。鐵娘子最經典的“No,No,No!”把工黨殺得體無完膚。面對質疑和不滿,撒切爾夫人強有力的應對,不失夫人本色,也不忘適度“發飆”。
On economic and monetary union, I stressed that we would be ready to move beyond the present position to the creation of a European monetary fund and a common community currency which we have called a hard ECU.But we would not be prepared to agree to set a date for starting the next stage of economic and monetary union before there is any agreement on what that stage should comprise.And I again emphasised that we would not be prepared to have a single currency imposed upon us, nor to surrender the use of the pound sterling as our currency.關于經濟和貨幣聯盟,我強調過我們需要做好準備,跨越目前的處境,來建立一個歐洲貨幣基金和共同的通用貨幣,也就是我們所說的歐洲貨幣單位。但在開始為下一階段的經濟和貨幣聯盟登上舞臺做好準備之前,我們并不會為這個協議的實現設定一個日期。我再次強調,我們不愿被逼使用統一貨幣,也不會屈服于把英鎊作為我們的使用貨幣的做法。It is our purpose to retain the power and influence of this House, and not to denude it of many of the powers.I wonder what the right honourable gentleman's policy is, in view of some of the things he said.Would he have agreed to a commitment to extend the Community's powers to other supplementary sectors of economic integrations without having any definition of what they are? Would he? Because you would've thought he would from what he said.One of them was that the Commission wants to extend its powers and competence into the area of health.We said no.We weren't going to agree to those since on what he says, he sounded as if he would, for the sake of agreeing, for the sake of being little sir echo, and saying, “Me too.” 我們的目的就是保留政府的權利以及影響,而不是剝奪他們的權利。鑒于剛剛你所說的事情,這位正直尊貴的紳士,我想知道你的政策是什么?在沒有任何明確定義的情況下,他會同意擴大聯盟的權力來補充其他行業沒有的經濟融合嗎?他會嗎?你們會認為他會說到做到。其中之一是,歐盟委員會希望將權力和能力擴展至醫療健康領域。我們不贊成,我們并不打算同意他所說的一切,他聽起來似乎是會這樣做,僅僅是為了一種妥協而已,或者是一種紳士的態度,所以他會說 “我也會。”
Would the he have agreed to extending qualified majority of voting within the Council, to delegating implementing powers to the Commission, to a common security policy, all without any attempt to define or limit them? The answer is yes.He hasn't got a clue about the definition of some of the things he is saying, let alone securing a definition of others.在沒有任何限制和定義的情況下,他會同意理事會擴大合格的多數投票來將權力委托給委員會或制定一個常見的安全政策,嗎?答案是肯定的。他還搞不清楚的他所定義的一些事情,更別提關于其他的定義了。
Yes, the Commission does want to increase its powers.Yes, it is a non-elected body and I do not want the Commission to increase its powers against its House.So of course we are differing.Of course the chairman or the president of the Commission, Mr.Delors, said at a press conference the other day that he wanted the European Parliament to be the democratic body of the Community, he wanted the Commission to be the executive and he wanted the Council of Ministers to be the Senate.No.No.No.的確,委員會并不想要增加它的權利。是的,這是一個非選舉產生的主體,我并不希望委員會增加權利來對抗政府。所以我們當然在改變。Delors先生作為委員會的主席或總統,在新聞發布會上說有一天他希望歐洲議會是一個民主機構,他希望委員會執行力能更強,他希望內閣會議由參議院指出,但這些都沒能實現。
Or, or perhaps the Labour Party would give all those things up easily.Perhaps they would agree to a single currency to total abolition of the pound sterling.Perhaps being totally incompetent with monetary matters, they'd be only too delighted to hand over the full responsibility as they did to the IMF, to a central bank.The fact is, they have no competence on money, no competence on the economy, so, yes, the right honourable gentleman would be glad to hand it all over.And what is the point in trying to get elected to Parliament only to hand over your sterling and to hand over the powers of this House to Europe? 也許工黨會將所有這些事情變得很容易。也許他們會同意用一個單一貨幣來廢除英鎊。也許這完全算不上是貨幣問題,他們會非常高興地將所有責任轉交給中央銀行。事實是,他們在貨幣政策上無所作為,在經濟發展上同樣一事無成,所以這位正直尊貴的紳士很愿意完全交出責任。那么你們在議會中獲選,僅僅是為了將手中的金錢和權利移交給歐洲政府嗎? Norman Tebbit:My right honourable friend not agree that the mark of a single currency is that all other currencies must be extinguished.And not nearly extinguished, but that the capacity of other institutions to issue currency has to be extinguished.And that in the case of the United Kingdom, would involve this parliament binding its successors in a way which we have hitherto regarded as unconstitutional.Norman Tebbit: 我親愛的朋友并不認為單一貨幣是其他貨幣必須消失的標志。或者并不是消失,而是其他部門對金錢的控制力應該消除。在英國的情況來說,應該讓議會將其繼承者和我們認為的非憲法行為結合起來。This government has no intention of abolishing the pound sterling.If the hard ECU evolved into much much greater use, that would be a decision for future parliaments and future generations.It would be a decision which could only be taken once, and a decision which should not be approached in this atmosphere, but only after the greatest possible consideration.I believe both Parliament and sterling have served our country and the rest of the world very well.I believe we are more stable and more influential with it, I believe it is an expression of sovereignty.This Government believe in the pound sterling.政府并不打算廢除英鎊。如果歐元的能力越來越強大,也許該由未來的議會和下一代來做出決定。這個決定只能做一次,但并不是現在,需要在進行過非常謹慎的思考之后。我相信議會和英鎊為我們的國家以及其他國家服務得非常好。政府相信英鎊。
Dr.David Owen: Is it not perfectly clear that what was being attempted at Rome was a bounce and a bounce that led only one way, and that was to a single federal united states of Europe? And is it not vital that in this House, across party lines, it is possible for a prime minister to go and make it clear, if necessary, that Britain is prepared to stand alone? We don's relish it, but that if necessary, if we are faced by the imposition, by treaty of an obligation to a single currency and a situation which would prevent enlargement to Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, Britain would be entitled and right to use the veto? Dr.David Owen:我們現在還不是很清楚,羅馬經濟是否在反彈,經濟反彈又會給這個聯邦制的歐洲合眾國造成怎樣的影響?并不是至關重要的,在這政府里,跨越黨派界線,就有可能靠一個首相去弄清楚,如果有必要,英國正在準備孤軍奮戰?我們不喜歡它,但是,如果有必要,如果我們面臨的實施,通過條約的義務統一的貨幣和情況來防止歐盟東擴至波蘭、匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克,英國將擁有和有權使用否決權嗎?
Mr.Ron Leighton: There is no majority in the House for EMU, but is the Prime Minister aware that I attended a conference in Italy last year at which an Italian Minister spoke to me about EMU? I said, “What if Mrs.Thatcher opposes it?” And ungallantly, he laughed loud and he said, “We have met Mrs.Thatcher many times-she squawks and makes a noise at the beginning but always comes round and gives way in the end.” Now what assurances and guarantees can seek of this House today that she will not give way on this issue, as she did give way on the Madrid condition about British inflation before joining the ERM? Mr.Ron Leighton:支持貨幣不統一化的占多數,但是部長你還記得去年我在意大利參加會議時,意大利部長和我說的這件事嗎?我當時說;“如果撒切爾夫人反對的話怎么辦?”他笑的很大聲,然后說,“我們見過撒切爾夫人很多次了,她總是在一開始意見很多,反對不休,但最終會妥協。”在這種情況下,什么樣的擔保和保證能夠確保她一開始的反對不會化為最終的妥協呢?尤其是她曾在英國通貨膨脹之后妥協于馬德里條約加入了匯率機制。That is what they said, Mr Speaker, when I was negotiating for a better budget deal for Britain.Twice, they and the people in the Commission and our people in the Commission and we had the presidency of the Commission, advised me to give way.They found out differently.這是他們說的,當我曾為了英國進行更好的財務溝通時,他們以及委員會的人以及我們的人溝通之后,勸我還是妥協。但他們現在的說法完全不一樣。
Mr.Tony Favell: Mr Speaker, next Wednesday, the doors of this Chamber will be closed to Black Rod as a symbol of the independence of this House.What would be the effect on the independence of this House and the nation which elects it if the power to veto proposals affecting social affairs, the environment and taxation were to be removed? Mr.Tony Favell:下周三,這個房間的門將會對黑人關閉,作為政府獨立的象征。那么政府的獨立會有什么樣的效果?投反對票的國家呢?受到影響的社會事件,環境以及稅率會變嗎?
Mr Speaker, I hope that, when the next election comes, people who want to come to this House will come to uphold its powers and its responsibilities, and not to denude the House of them.We have surrendered some of them to the Community.In my view we have surrendered enough.我希望,當下一屆選舉到來之時,人們想要進入政府的能夠擔當好自己的權利和責任,而不是屈服于政府中的其他人。我們已經向某些人妥協了,我認為已經足夠了。
Mr.Tony Benn: And then is the Prime Minister aware that what we are really discussing is not matter of economic management, but the whole future of the relation between this country and Europe? Are the British people when they vote in a general election to be able to change the policies of the government that has previously veto? And it is already a fact, as the House knows full well, that whatever Government is in power, our agricultural policy is now controlled from Brussels, our trade policy is controlled from Brussels and our industrial policy is controlled from Brussels and if we go into EMU, our financial policy will be controlled.It is a democratic argument, not a nationalistic argument.But now as they say this is the Prime Minister and it’d be the member of the Government who took us into the EC without consulting the British people, having been the Prime Minister of the Government who agreed to the Single European Act without consulting the British people, having now agreed to the ERM without consulting the British people.We find it hard to believe that she is really intent on preserving democracy rather than gaining some political advantage from waving some national argument in the eve of a general election.That is why we do not trust her own judgment on the matter.Mr.Tony Benn:部長意識到我們實際上討論的并不是經濟的管理問題,而是我們國家和歐洲未來關系的走向問題。英國人民在大選當中投票能夠改變政府先前的投票結果嗎?這已是一個事實,政府心里也很清楚,無論政府有著什么樣的權利,我們的農業政策是掌控在布魯塞爾手里,我們的貿易政策,工業政策也是如此。如果我們加入統一匯率機制,我們的金融政策也會被控制。這是一個共和的爭辯,并不是一個國家的爭辯。但是他們說這是部長,政府的一員使英國人在不知情的情況下加入了歐盟,那么也可以在英國人不知情的情況下加入統一的貨幣機制。我們覺得很難去相信她真正的目的保留共和而不是在大選前夕從一些國家辯論中獲得更多的政治優勢。這也是為什么我們不相信她在這件事上將會做出合理決斷的原因。
Mr Speaker, I think that I would put it just a little bit differently from the right honorable Gentleman, although I recognise some of the force of some of the points that he is making.I think when the Delors proposals for EMU came out, the economic and monetary union, it was said immediately by my right hon.Friend, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer that this was not really about monetary policy at all.It is really about a back door to a federal Europe, a federal Europe taking many many democratic powers away from democratically elected bodies to non-elected ones.I believe fervently that that is true, which is why I will have nothing to do with their definition of economic and monetary union.我認為想對那位紳士提出一點點不同的一件,盡管我在某種程度上承認他說的話。我認為Delors對統一貨幣機制的建議來自于經濟和貨幣協會。朋友們,這一切和貨幣政策毫無相關。這實際上是對聯邦歐盟開后門的表現,聯邦的歐盟用很多共和的手段來使得有選舉機制的國家朝著無選舉機制發展。這是我的想法。這也是我為什么認為他們的經濟和貨幣聯盟定義毫無意義的原因。
第二篇:英語演講撒切爾夫人英國國會辯論經典片段(雙語)
撒切爾夫人英國國會辯論經典片段(雙語)
【名人簡介】
瑪格麗特·希爾達·撒切爾,英國右翼政治家,第49任英國首相,1979年-1990年在任,她是至今為止英國唯一一位女首相,也是自19世紀初利物浦伯爵以來連任時間最長的英國首相。她的政治哲學與政策主張被通稱為“撒切爾主義”,在任首相期間,對英國的經濟、社會與文化面貌作出了既深且廣的改變。在擔任首相前后高姿態地反對共產主義,而被前蘇聯媒體戲稱為“鐵娘子”,這個綽號甚至已成為了她的主要標志。
1970年,進入愛德華·希思內閣擔任教育及科學大臣。1975年的出任保守黨黨魁,1979年率領保守黨重奪政權,展開保守黨長達18年執政。其領導保守黨在1979年、1983年和1987年三次大選中接連勝出,僅次于哈羅德·威爾遜。1990年未能擊敗黨內對手邁克爾·赫爾塞廷,宣布辭職,其后她所屬意的候選人財政大臣約翰·梅杰參選并最終獲勝,11月28日正式離任,結束長達11年半的執政。1990年下臺后,繼任的保守黨約翰·梅杰政府以及工黨托尼·布萊爾政府,依然沿行了她所推行的經濟變革,該政策方向持續到2008年世界金融危機爆發。
2013年4月8日,撒切爾夫人因中風病逝,終年87歲,骨灰被安葬在切爾西皇家醫院墓地、亡夫丹尼斯的墳墓旁邊。
撒切爾夫人曾四次訪問中國,并于1984年在北京代表聯合王國和時任國務院總理的趙紫陽簽署了《中英關于香港問題的聯合聲明》。為香港回歸中國奠定了堅實的政治基礎。(以上來自百度百科)
下面來看看她在英國國會辯論經典片段吧~
【雙語文稿】
On economic and monetary union, I stressed that we would be ready to move beyond thepresent position to the creation of a European monetary fund and a common communitycurrency which we have called a hard ECU.But we would not be prepared to agree to set a datefor starting the next stage of economic and monetary union before there is any agreement onwhat that stage should comprise.And I again emphasised that we would not be prepared tohave a single currency imposed upon us, nor to surrender the use of the pound sterling as ourcurrency.關于經濟和貨幣聯盟,我強調過我們需要做好準備,跨越目前的處境,來建立一個歐洲貨幣基金和共同的通用貨幣,也就是我們所說的歐洲貨幣單位。但在開始為下一階段的經濟和貨幣聯盟登上舞臺做好準備之前,我們并不會為這個協議的實現設定一個日期。我再次強調,我們不愿被逼使用統一貨幣,也不會屈服于把英鎊作為我們的使用貨幣的做法。
It is our purpose to retain the power and influence of this House, and not to denude it of manyof the powers.I wonder what the right honourable gentleman's policy is, in view of some of thethings he said.Would he have agreed to a commitment to extend the Community's powers toother supplementary sectors of economic integrations without having any definition of what theyare? Would he? Because you would've thought he would from what he said.One of them wasthat the Commission wants to extend its powers and competence into the area of health.Wesaid no.We weren't going to agree to those since on what he says, he sounded as if he would,for the sake of agreeing, for the sake of being little sir echo, and saying, “Me too.” 我們的目的就是保留政府的權利以及影響,而不是剝奪他們的權利。鑒于剛剛你所說的事情,這位正直尊貴的紳士,我想知道你的政策是什么?在沒有任何明確定義的情況下,他會同意擴大聯盟的權力來補充其他行業沒有的經濟融合嗎?他會嗎?你們會認為他會說到做到。其中之一是,歐盟委員會希望將權力和能力擴展至醫療健康領域。我們不贊成,我們并不打算同意他所說的一切,他聽起來似乎是會這樣做,僅僅是為了一種妥協而已,或者是一種紳士的態度,所以他會說 “我也會。”
Would the he have agreed to extending qualified majority of voting within the Council, todelegating implementing powers to the Commission, to a common security policy, all without anyattempt to define or limit them? The answer is yes.He hasn't got a clue about the definition ofsome of the things he is saying, let alone securing a definition of others.在沒有任何限制和定義的情況下,他會同意理事會擴大合格的多數投票來將權力委托給委員會或制定一個常見的安全政策,嗎?答案是肯定的。他還搞不清楚的他所定義的一些事情,更別提關于其他的定義了。
Yes, the Commission does want to increase its powers.Yes, it is a non-elected body and I donot want the Commission to increase its powers against its House.So of course we are differing.Of course the chairman or the president of the Commission, Mr.Delors, said at a pressconference the other day that he wanted the European Parliament to be the democratic body ofthe Community, he wanted the Commission to be the executive and he wanted the Council ofMinisters to be the Senate.No.No.No.的確,委員會并不想要增加它的權利。是的,這是一個非選舉產生的主體,我并不希望委員會增加權利來對抗政府。所以我們當然在改變。Delors先生作為委員會的主席或總統,在新聞發布會上說有一天他希望歐洲議會是一個民主機構,他希望委員會執行力能更強,他希望內閣會議由參議院指出,但這些都沒能實現。
Or, or perhaps the Labour Party would give all those things up easily.Perhaps they would agreeto a single currency to total abolition of the pound sterling.Perhaps being totally incompetent withmonetary matters, they'd be only too delighted to hand over the full responsibility as they did tothe IMF, to a central bank.The fact is, they have no competence on money, no competenceon the economy, so, yes, the right honourable gentleman would be glad to hand it all over.Andwhat is the point in trying to get elected to Parliament only to hand over your sterling and tohand over the powers of this House to Europe? 也許工黨會將所有這些事情變得很容易。也許他們會同意用一個單一貨幣來廢除英鎊。也許這完全算不上是貨幣問題,他們會非常高興地將所有責任轉交給中央銀行。事實是,他們在貨幣政策上無所作為,在經濟發展上同樣一事無成,所以這位正直尊貴的紳士很愿意完全交出責任。那么你們在議會中獲選,僅僅是為了將手中的金錢和權利移交給歐洲政府嗎?
Norman Tebbit:My right honourable friend not agree that the mark of a single currency is thatall other currencies must be extinguished.And not nearly extinguished, but that the capacity ofother institutions to issue currency has to be extinguished.And that in the case of the UnitedKingdom, would involve this parliament binding its successors in a way which we have hithertoregarded as unconstitutional.Norman Tebbit: 我親愛的朋友并不認為單一貨幣是其他貨幣必須消失的標志。或者并不是消失,而是其他部門對金錢的控制力應該消除。在英國的情況來說,應該讓議會將其繼承者和我們認為的非憲法行為結合起來。
This government has no intention of abolishing the pound sterling.If the hard ECU evolved intomuch much greater use, that would be a decision for future parliaments and future generations.It would be a decision which could only be taken once, and a decision which should not beapproached in this atmosphere, but only after the greatest possible consideration.I believe bothParliament and sterling have served our country and the rest of the world very well.I believe weare more stable and more influential with it, I believe it is an expression of sovereignty.ThisGovernment believe in the pound sterling.政府并不打算廢除英鎊。如果歐元的能力越來越強大,也許該由未來的議會和下一代來做出決定。這個決定只能做一次,但并不是現在,需要在進行過非常謹慎的思考之后。我相信議會和英鎊為我們的國家以及其他國家服務得非常好。政府相信英鎊。Dr.David Owen: Is it not perfectly clear that what was being attempted at Rome was a bounceand a bounce that led only one way, and that was to a single federal united states of Europe?And is it not vital that in this House, across party lines, it is possible for a prime minister to goand make it clear, if necessary, that Britain is prepared to stand alone? We don's relish it, butthat if necessary, if we are faced by the imposition, by treaty of an obligation to a singlecurrency and a situation which would prevent enlargement to Poland, Hungary andCzechoslovakia, Britain would be entitled and right to use the veto? Dr.David Owen:我們現在還不是很清楚,羅馬經濟是否在反彈,經濟反彈又會給這個聯邦制的歐洲合眾國造成怎樣的影響?并不是至關重要的,在這政府里,跨越黨派界線,就有可能靠一個首相去弄清楚,如果有必要,英國正在準備孤軍奮戰?我們不喜歡它,但是,如果有必要,如果我們面臨的實施,通過條約的義務統一的貨幣和情況來防止歐盟東擴至波蘭、匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克,英國將擁有和有權使用否決權嗎?
Mr.Ron Leighton: There is no majority in the House for EMU, but is the Prime Minister awarethat I attended a conference in Italy last year at which an Italian Minister spoke to me aboutEMU? I said, “What if Mrs.Thatcher opposes it?” And ungallantly, he laughed loud and he said, “We have met Mrs.Thatcher many times-she squawks and makes a noise at the beginningbut always comes round and gives way in the end.” Now what assurances and guarantees canseek of this House today that she will not give way on this issue, as she did give way on theMadrid condition about British inflation before joining the ERM? Mr.Ron Leighton:支持貨幣不統一化的占多數,但是部長你還記得去年我在意大利參加會議時,意大利部長和我說的這件事嗎?我當時說;“如果撒切爾夫人反對的話怎么辦?”他笑的很大聲,然后說,“我們見過撒切爾夫人很多次了,她總是在一開始意見很多,反對不休,但最終會妥協。”在這種情況下,什么樣的擔保和保證能夠確保她一開始的反對不會化為最終的妥協呢?尤其是她曾在英國通貨膨脹之后妥協于馬德里條約加入了匯率機制。
That is what they said, Mr Speaker, when I was negotiating for a better budget deal for Britain.Twice, they and the people in the Commission and our people in the Commission and we had thepresidency of the Commission, advised me to give way.They found out differently.這是他們說的,當我曾為了英國進行更好的財務溝通時,他們以及委員會的人以及我們的人溝通之后,勸我還是妥協。但他們現在的說法完全不一樣。
Mr.Tony Favell: Mr Speaker, next Wednesday, the doors of this Chamber will be closed to BlackRod as a symbol of the independence of this House.What would be the effect on theindependence of this House and the nation which elects it if the power to veto proposalsaffecting social affairs, the environment and taxation were to be removed? Mr.Tony Favell:下周三,這個房間的門將會對黑人關閉,作為政府獨立的象征。那么政府的獨立會有什么樣的效果?投反對票的國家呢?受到影響的社會事件,環境以及稅率會變嗎?
Mr Speaker, I hope that, when the next election comes, people who want to come to this Housewill come to uphold its powers and its responsibilities, and not to denude the House of them.Wehave surrendered some of them to the Community.In my view we have surrendered enough.我希望,當下一屆選舉到來之時,人們想要進入政府的能夠擔當好自己的權利和責任,而不是屈服于政府中的其他人。我們已經向某些人妥協了,我認為已經足夠了。
Mr.Tony Benn: And then is the Prime Minister aware that what we are really discussing is notmatter of economic management, but the whole future of the relation between this country andEurope? Are the British people when they vote in a general election to be able to change thepolicies of the government that has previously veto? And it is already a fact, as the Houseknows full well, that whatever Government is in power, our agricultural policy is now controlledfrom Brussels, our trade policy is controlled from Brussels and our industrial policy is controlledfrom Brussels and if we go into EMU, our financial policy will be controlled.It is a democraticargument, not a nationalistic argument.But now as they say this is the Prime Minister and it’d bethe member of the Government who took us into the EC without consulting the British people,having been the Prime Minister of the Government who agreed to the Single European Actwithout consulting the British people, having now agreed to the ERM without consulting the Britishpeople.We find it hard to believe that she is really intent on preserving democracy rather thangaining some political advantage from waving some national argument in the eve of a generalelection.That is why we do not trust her own judgment on the matter.Mr.Tony Benn:部長意識到我們實際上討論的并不是經濟的管理問題,而是我們國家和歐洲未來關系的走向問題。英國人民在大選當中投票能夠改變政府先前的投票結果嗎?這已是一個事實,政府心里也很清楚,無論政府有著什么樣的權利,我們的農業政策是掌控在布魯塞爾手里,我們的貿易政策,工業政策也是如此。如果我們加入統一匯率機制,我們的金融政策也會被控制。這是一個共和的爭辯,并不是一個國家的爭辯。但是他們說這是部長,政府的一員使英國人在不知情的情況下加入了歐盟,那么也可以在英國人不知情的情況下加入統一的貨幣機制。我們覺得很難去相信她真正的目的保留共和而不是在大選前夕從一些國家辯論中獲得更多的政治優勢。這也是為什么我們不相信她在這件事上將會做出合理決斷的原因。
Mr Speaker, I think that I would put it just a little bit differently from the right honorableGentleman, although I recognise some of the force of some of the points that he is making.Ithink when the Delors proposals for EMU came out, the economic and monetary union, it wassaid immediately by my right hon.Friend, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer that this was notreally about monetary policy at all.It is really about a back door to a federal Europe, a federalEurope taking many many democratic powers away from democratically elected bodies to non-elected ones.I believe fervently that that is true, which is why I will have nothing to do with theirdefinition of economic and monetary union.我認為想對那位紳士提出一點點不同的意見,盡管我在某種程度上承認他說的話。我認為Delors對統一貨幣機制的建議來自于經濟和貨幣協會。朋友們,這一切和貨幣政策毫無相關。這實際上是對聯邦歐盟開后門的表現,聯邦的歐盟用很多共和的手段來使得有選舉機制的國家朝著無選舉機制發展。這是我的想法。這也是我為什么認為他們的經濟和貨幣聯盟定義毫無意義的原因。
第三篇:撒切爾夫人英國國會辯論經典片段(雙語文本)
撒切爾夫人英國國會辯論經典片段(雙語文本)
英國前首相撒切爾夫人國會辯論現場,在議會辯論中,撒切爾夫人猛烈抨擊工黨的新稅制,認為新稅制不單是大步奔向社會主義,更是通往共產主義之路,從而奠定了她強而有力的議會辯手的名聲。鐵娘子最經典的“No,No,No!”把工黨殺得體無完膚。面對質疑和不滿,撒切爾夫人強有力的應對,不失夫人本色,也不忘適度“發飆”。
On economic and monetary union, I stressed that we would be ready to move beyond the present position to the creation of a European monetary fund and a common community currency which we have called a hard ECU.But we would not be prepared to agree to set a date for starting the next stage of economic and monetary union before there is any agreement on what that stage should comprise.And I again emphasised that we would not be prepared to have a single currency imposed upon us, nor to surrender the use of the pound sterling as our currency.關于經濟和貨幣聯盟,我強調過我們需要做好準備,跨越目前的處境,來建立一個歐洲貨幣基金和共同的通用貨幣,也就是我們所說的歐洲貨幣單位。但在開始為下一階段的經濟和貨幣聯盟登上舞臺做好準備之前,我們并不會為這個協議的實現設定一個日期。我再次強調,我們不愿被逼使用統一貨幣,也不會屈服于把英鎊作為我們的使用貨幣的做法。
It is our purpose to retain the power and influence of this House, and not to denude it of many of the powers.I wonder what the right honourable gentleman's policy is, in view of some of the things he said.Would he have agreed to a commitment to extend the Community's powers to other supplementary sectors of economic integrations without having any definition of what they are? Would he? Because you would've thought he would from what he said.One of them was that the Commission wants to extend its powers and competence into the area of health.We said no.We weren't going to agree to those since on what he says, he sounded as if he would, for the sake of agreeing, for the sake of being little sir echo, and saying, “Me too.” 我們的目的就是保留政府的權利以及影響,而不是剝奪他們的權利。鑒于剛剛你所說的事情,這位正直尊貴的紳士,我想知道你的政策是什么?在沒有任何明確定義的情況下,他會同意擴大聯盟的權力來補充其他行業沒有的經濟融合嗎?他會嗎?你們會認為他會說到做到。其中之一是,歐盟委員會希望將權力和能力擴展至醫療健康領域。我們不贊成,我們并不打算同意他所說的一切,他聽起來似乎是會這樣做,僅僅是為了一種妥協而已,或者是一種紳士的態度,所以他會說 “我也會。”
Would the he have agreed to extending qualified majority of voting within the Council, to delegating implementing powers to the Commission, to a common security policy, all without any attempt to define or limit them? The answer is yes.He hasn't got a clue about the definition of some of the things he is saying, let alone securing a definition of others.在沒有任何限制和定義的情況下,他會同意理事會擴大合格的多數投票來將權力委托給委員會或制定一個常見的安全政策,嗎?答案是肯定的。他還搞不清楚的他所定義的一些事情,更別提關于其他的定義了。
Yes, the Commission does want to increase its powers.Yes, it is a non-elected body and I do not want the Commission to increase its powers against its House.So of course we are differing.Of course the chairman or the president of the Commission, Mr.Delors, said at a press conference the other day that he wanted the European Parliament to be the democratic body of the Community, he wanted the Commission to be the executive and he wanted the Council of Ministers to be the Senate.No.No.No.的確,委員會并不想要增加它的權利。是的,這是一個非選舉產生的主體,我并不希望委員會增加權利來對抗政府。所以我們當然在改變。Delors先生作為委員會的主席或總統,在新聞發布會上說有一天他希望歐洲議會是一個民主機構,他希望委員會執行力能更強,他希望內閣會議由參議院指出,但這些都沒能實現。
Or, or perhaps the Labour Party would give all those things up easily.Perhaps they would agree to a single currency to total abolition of the pound sterling.Perhaps being totally incompetent with monetary matters, they'd be only too delighted to hand over the full responsibility as they did to the IMF, to a central bank.The fact is, they have no competence on money, no competence on the economy, so, yes, the right honourable gentleman would be glad to hand it all over.And what is the point in trying to get elected to Parliament only to hand over your sterling and to hand over the powers of this House to Europe? 也許工黨會將所有這些事情變得很容易。也許他們會同意用一個單一貨幣來廢除英鎊。也許這完全算不上是貨幣問題,他們會非常高興地將所有責任轉交給中央銀行。事實是,他們在貨幣政策上無所作為,在經濟發展上同樣一事無成,所以這位正直尊貴的紳士很愿意完全交出責任。那么你們在議會中獲選,僅僅是為了將手中的金錢和權利移交給歐洲政府嗎?
Norman Tebbit:My right honourable friend not agree that the mark of a single currency is that all other currencies must be extinguished.And not nearly extinguished, but that the capacity of other institutions to issue currency has to be extinguished.And that in the case of the United Kingdom, would involve this parliament binding its successors in a way which we have hitherto regarded as unconstitutional.Norman Tebbit: 我親愛的朋友并不認為單一貨幣是其他貨幣必須消失的標志。或者并不是消失,而是其他部門對金錢的控制力應該消除。在英國的情況來說,應該讓議會將其繼承者和我們認為的非憲法行為結合起來。
This government has no intention of abolishing the pound sterling.If the hard ECU evolved into much much greater use, that would be a decision for future parliaments and future generations.It would be a decision which could only be taken once, and a decision which should not be approached in this atmosphere, but only after the greatest possible consideration.I believe both Parliament and sterling have served our country and the rest of the world very well.I believe we are more stable and more influential with it, I believe it is an expression of sovereignty.This Government believe in the pound sterling.政府并不打算廢除英鎊。如果歐元的能力越來越強大,也許該由未來的議會和下一代來做出決定。這個決定只能做一次,但并不是現在,需要在進行過非常謹慎的思考之后。我相信議會和英鎊為我們的國家以及其他國家服務得非常好。政府相信英鎊。
Dr.David Owen: Is it not perfectly clear that what was being attempted at Rome was a bounce and a bounce that led only one way, and that was to a single federal united states of Europe? And is it not vital that in this House, across party lines, it is possible for a prime minister to go and make it clear, if necessary, that Britain is prepared to stand alone? We don's relish it, but that if necessary, if we are faced by the imposition, by treaty of an obligation to a single currency and a situation which would prevent enlargement to Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, Britain would be entitled and right to use the veto? Dr.David Owen:我們現在還不是很清楚,羅馬經濟是否在反彈,經濟反彈又會給這個聯邦制的歐洲合眾國造成怎樣的影響?并不是至關重要的,在這政府里,跨越黨派界線,就有可能靠一個首相去弄清楚,如果有必要,英國正在準備孤軍奮戰?我們不喜歡它,但是,如果有必要,如果我們面臨的實施,通過條約的義務統一的貨幣和情況來防止歐盟東擴至波蘭、匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克,英國將擁有和有權使用否決權嗎? Mr.Ron Leighton: There is no majority in the House for EMU, but is the Prime Minister aware that I attended a conference in Italy last year at which an Italian Minister spoke to me about EMU? I said, “What if Mrs.Thatcher opposes it?” And ungallantly, he laughed loud and he said, “We have met Mrs.Thatcher many times-she squawks and makes a noise at the beginning but always comes round and gives way in the end.” Now what assurances and guarantees can seek of this House today that she will not give way on this issue, as she did give way on the Madrid condition about British inflation before joining the ERM? Mr.Ron Leighton:支持貨幣不統一化的占多數,但是部長你還記得去年我在意大利參加會議時,意大利部長和我說的這件事嗎?我當時說;“如果撒切爾夫人反對的話怎么辦?”他笑的很大聲,然后說,“我們見過撒切爾夫人很多次了,她總是在一開始意見很多,反對不休,但最終會妥協。”在這種情況下,什么樣的擔保和保證能夠確保她一開始的反對不會化為最終的妥協呢?尤其是她曾在英國通貨膨脹之后妥協于馬德里條約加入了匯率機制。That is what they said, Mr Speaker, when I was negotiating for a better budget deal for Britain.Twice, they and the people in the Commission and our people in the Commission and we had the presidency of the Commission, advised me to give way.They found out differently.這是他們說的,當我曾為了英國進行更好的財務溝通時,他們以及委員會的人以及我們的人溝通之后,勸我還是妥協。但他們現在的說法完全不一樣。
Mr.Tony Favell: Mr Speaker, next Wednesday, the doors of this Chamber will be closed to Black Rod as a symbol of the independence of this House.What would be the effect on the independence of this House and the nation which elects it if the power to veto proposals affecting social affairs, the environment and taxation were to be removed? Mr.Tony Favell:下周三,這個房間的門將會對黑人關閉,作為政府獨立的象征。那么政府的獨立會有什么樣的效果?投反對票的國家呢?受到影響的社會事件,環境以及稅率會變嗎?
Mr Speaker, I hope that, when the next election comes, people who want to come to this House will come to uphold its powers and its responsibilities, and not to denude the House of them.We have surrendered some of them to the Community.In my view we have surrendered enough.我希望,當下一屆選舉到來之時,人們想要進入政府的能夠擔當好自己的權利和責任,而不是屈服于政府中的其他人。我們已經向某些人妥協了,我認為已經足夠了。Mr.Tony Benn: And then is the Prime Minister aware that what we are really discussing is not matter of economic management, but the whole future of the relation between this country and Europe? Are the British people when they vote in a general election to be able to change the policies of the government that has previously veto? And it is already a fact, as the House knows full well, that whatever Government is in power, our agricultural policy is now controlled from Brussels, our trade policy is controlled from Brussels and our industrial policy is controlled from Brussels and if we go into EMU, our financial policy will be controlled.It is a democratic argument, not a nationalistic argument.But now as they say this is the Prime Minister and it’d be the member of the Government who took us into the EC without consulting the British people, having been the Prime Minister of the Government who agreed to the Single European Act without consulting the British people, having now agreed to the ERM without consulting the British people.We find it hard to believe that she is really intent on preserving democracy rather than gaining some political advantage from waving some national argument in the eve of a general election.That is why we do not trust her own judgment on the matter.Mr.Tony Benn:部長意識到我們實際上討論的并不是經濟的管理問題,而是我們國家和歐洲未來關系的走向問題。英國人民在大選當中投票能夠改變政府先前的投票結果嗎?這已是一個事實,政府心里也很清楚,無論政府有著什么樣的權利,我們的農業政策是掌控在布魯塞爾手里,我們的貿易政策,工業政策也是如此。如果我們加入統一匯率機制,我們的金融政策也會被控制。這是一個共和的爭辯,并不是一個國家的爭辯。但是他們說這是部長,政府的一員使英國人在不知情的情況下加入了歐盟,那么也可以在英國人不知情的情況下加入統一的貨幣機制。我們覺得很難去相信她真正的目的保留共和而不是在大選前夕從一些國家辯論中獲得更多的政治優勢。這也是為什么我們不相信她在這件事上將會做出合理決斷的原因。
Mr Speaker, I think that I would put it just a little bit differently from the right honorable Gentleman, although I recognise some of the force of some of the points that he is making.I think when the Delors proposals for EMU came out, the economic and monetary union, it was said immediately by my right hon.Friend, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer that this was not really about monetary policy at all.It is really about a back door to a federal Europe, a federal Europe taking many many democratic powers away from democratically elected bodies to non-elected ones.I believe fervently that that is true, which is why I will have nothing to do with their definition of economic and monetary union.我認為想對那位紳士提出一點點不同的一件,盡管我在某種程度上承認他說的話。我認為Delors對統一貨幣機制的建議來自于經濟和貨幣協會。朋友們,這一切和貨幣政策毫無相關。這實際上是對聯邦歐盟開后門的表現,聯邦的歐盟用很多共和的手段來使得有選舉機制的國家朝著無選舉機制發展。這是我的想法。這也是我為什么認為他們的經濟和貨幣聯盟定義毫無意義的原因。
第四篇:撒切爾夫人名言
撒切爾夫人名言
1、沒有人會記得起樂于助人者,如果這個人只有好心。他還得有錢,人們才會記得。(1980年)
2、哪里有混亂,我們就帶去和諧;哪里有錯誤,我們就帶去真實;哪里有懷疑,我們就帶去信任;哪里有沮喪,我們就帶來希望。——撒切爾夫人
3、我不在意我的大臣們談了多少,只要他們按我說的做。(1980年)
4、任何一位知道如何管理一個家庭的人將更透徹的知道如何管理一個國家。(1979年,那一年成為了英國首相)
5、如果你愿意,大可自己改變。但女士是不會轉變的。(1980年,撒切爾在其經濟政策受到抨擊時堅持立場)
6、以一名資歷尚淺的保守黨黨員的身份,我們有權發言;我們將激流勇進,將過去的苦難轉變為今天的平靜。(1945年,首次政治演說。)
7、在11年半的美好時光后,我們終將離開唐寧街。我感到非常高興,因為相比11年半前上任的時候,今天的英國已經變得更好。(1990年,撒切爾含淚發表離職演說。)
8、凡是有不和的地方,我們要為和諧而努力;凡是有謬誤的地方,我們要為真理而努力;凡是有疑慮的地方,我們要為信任而努力;凡是有絕望的地方,我們要為希望而努力。如今有工作等著我們去做。(1979年,首次當選首相后)
9、僅僅為了我們的陸軍和海軍獲勝的消息欣喜……欣喜。(1982年,英阿馬島之戰)
10、我們所需求的僅僅是把我們的錢拿回來——盡管這句話曾被誤讀為‘我想拿回我的錢’。(1984年,歐盟峰會)
11、我帶著一個目的來到這個辦公室:令英國社會從依賴走向自力更生;從人人為我到我為人人;建立一個奮發有為的英國,而不是消極怠工的英國。(1984年,撒切爾概述其政治哲學)
12、注意你的思想,因為它將變成言辭;注意你的言辭,因為它將變成行動;注意你的行動,因為它將變成習慣;注意你的習慣,因為它將變成性格;注意你的性格,因為它將決定你的命運。——撒切爾夫人
13、在我這個時代沒有女性將成為首相或者外交大臣,不可能出任這些最高級的職位。不管怎樣,我不想當首相,但是你該對自己有百分百的自信。(1969年,時任反對黨保守黨議員)
14、家就是你沒事可做時去的地方。(1991年5月,卸任6個月后)
15、撒切爾夫人名言
1、沒有人會記得起樂于助人者,如果這個人只有好心。他還得有錢,人們才會記得。(1980年)
2、哪里有混亂,我們就帶去和諧;哪里有錯誤,我們就帶去真實;哪里有懷疑,我們就帶去信任;哪里有沮喪,我們就帶來希望。——撒切爾夫人
3、我不在意我的大臣們談了多少,只要他們按我說的做。(1980年)
4、任何一位知道如何管理一個家庭的人將更透徹的知道如何管理一個國家。(1979年,那一年成為了英國首相)
5、如果你愿意,大可自己改變。但女士是不會轉變的。(1980年,撒切爾在其經濟政策受到抨擊時堅持立場)
6、以一名資歷尚淺的保守黨黨員的身份,我們有權發言;我們將激流勇進,將過去的苦難轉變為今天的平靜。(1945年,首次政治演說。)
7、在11年半的美好時光后,我們終將離開唐寧街。我感到非常高興,因為相比11年半前上任的時候,今天的英國已經變得更好。(1990年,撒切爾含淚發表離職演說。)
8、凡是有不和的地方,我們要為和諧而努力;凡是有謬誤的地方,我們要為真理而努力;凡是有疑慮的地方,我們要為信任而努力;凡是有絕望的地方,我們要為希望而努力。如今有工作等著我們去做。(1979年,首次當選首相后)
9、僅僅為了我們的陸軍和海軍獲勝的消息欣喜……欣喜。(1982年,英阿馬島之戰)
10、我們所需求的僅僅是把我們的錢拿回來——盡管這句話曾被誤讀為‘我想拿回我的錢’。(1984年,歐盟峰會)
11、我帶著一個目的來到這個辦公室:令英國社會從依賴走向自力更生;從人人為我到我為人人;建立一個奮發有為的英國,而不是消極怠工的英國。(1984年,撒切爾概述其政治哲學)
12、注意你的思想,因為它將變成言辭;注意你的言辭,因為它將變成行動;注意你的行動,因為它將變成習慣;注意你的習慣,因為它將變成性格;注意你的性格,因為它將決定你的命運。——撒切爾夫人
13、在我這個時代沒有女性將成為首相或者外交大臣,不可能出任這些最高級的職位。不管怎樣,我不想當首相,但是你該對自己有百分百的自信。(1969年,時任反對黨保守黨議員)
14、家就是你沒事可做時去的地方。(1991年5月,卸任6個月后)
15、撒切爾夫人名言
1、沒有人會記得起樂于助人者,如果這個人只有好心。他還得有錢,人們才會記得。(1980年)
2、哪里有混亂,我們就帶去和諧;哪里有錯誤,我們就帶去真實;哪里有懷疑,我們就帶去信任;哪里有沮喪,我們就帶來希望。——撒切爾夫人
3、我不在意我的大臣們談了多少,只要他們按我說的做。(1980年)
4、任何一位知道如何管理一個家庭的人將更透徹的知道如何管理一個國家。(1979年,那一年成為了英國首相)
5、如果你愿意,大可自己改變。但女士是不會轉變的。(1980年,撒切爾在其經濟政策受到抨擊時堅持立場)
6、以一名資歷尚淺的保守黨黨員的身份,我們有權發言;我們將激流勇進,將過去的苦難轉變為今天的平靜。(1945年,首次政治演說。)
7、在11年半的美好時光后,我們終將離開唐寧街。我感到非常高興,因為相比11年半前上任的時候,今天的英國已經變得更好。(1990年,撒切爾含淚發表離職演說。)
8、凡是有不和的地方,我們要為和諧而努力;凡是有謬誤的地方,我們要為真理而努力;凡是有疑慮的地方,我們要為信任而努力;凡是有絕望的地方,我們要為希望而努力。如今有工作等著我們去做。(1979年,首次當選首相后)
9、僅僅為了我們的陸軍和海軍獲勝的消息欣喜……欣喜。(1982年,英阿馬島之戰)
10、我們所需求的僅僅是把我們的錢拿回來——盡管這句話曾被誤讀為‘我想拿回我的錢’。(1984年,歐盟峰會)
11、我帶著一個目的來到這個辦公室:令英國社會從依賴走向自力更生;從人人為我到我為人人;建立一個奮發有為的英國,而不是消極怠工的英國。(1984年,撒切爾概述其政治哲學)
12、注意你的思想,因為它將變成言辭;注意你的言辭,因為它將變成行動;注意你的行動,因為它將變成習慣;注意你的習慣,因為它將變成性格;注意你的性格,因為它將決定你的命運。——撒切爾夫人
13、在我這個時代沒有女性將成為首相或者外交大臣,不可能出任這些最高級的職位。不管怎樣,我不想當首相,但是你該對自己有百分百的自信。(1969年,時任反對黨保守黨議員)
14、家就是你沒事可做時去的地方。(1991年5月,卸任6個月后)
15、我要繼續戰斗,我要戰斗直至勝利。(1990年11月21日,撒切爾夫人在未能贏得足夠保守黨內選票后如是說。次日,她辭去首相職務。)
16、假如你想要的是空談,問男人;假如你想有些作為,問女人。(1982年)
17、我喜歡爭論,我喜歡辯論,我不希望任何人只是坐在我邊上,同意我的觀點,這不是他們的工作。(1980年)
18、我不是一位共識政治家,我是一個有信念的政治家。(1979年)
19、我喜歡戈爾巴喬夫先生。我們可以一起做生意。(1984年,會晤前蘇聯領導人戈爾巴喬夫后)
20、我們必須阻止英國倒退。如今,英國的精神重現,像過去一樣熊熊燃燒。(1982年,馬島之爭)
21、根本就不存在‘社會’這種東西。(1987年,專訪)
16、假如你想要的是空談,問男人;假如你想有些作為,問女人。(1982年)
17、我喜歡爭論,我喜歡辯論,我不希望任何人只是坐在我邊上,同意我的觀點,這不是他們的工作。(1980年)
18、我不是一位共識政治家,我是一個有信念的政治家。(1979年)
19、我喜歡戈爾巴喬夫先生。我們可以一起做生意。(1984年,會晤前蘇聯領導人戈爾巴喬夫后)
20、我們必須阻止英國倒退。如今,英國的精神重現,像過去一樣熊熊燃燒。(1982年,馬島之爭)
21、根本就不存在‘社會’這種東西。(1987年,專訪)
16、假如你想要的是空談,問男人;假如你想有些作為,問女人。(1982年)
17、我喜歡爭論,我喜歡辯論,我不希望任何人只是坐在我邊上,同意我的觀點,這不是他們的工作。(1980年)
18、我不是一位共識政治家,我是一個有信念的政治家。(1979年)
19、我喜歡戈爾巴喬夫先生。我們可以一起做生意。(1984年,會晤前蘇聯領導人戈爾巴喬夫后)
20、我們必須阻止英國倒退。如今,英國的精神重現,像過去一樣熊熊燃燒。(1982年,馬島之爭)
21、根本就不存在‘社會’這種東西。(1987年,專訪)
第五篇:《撒切爾夫人》影評
《撒切爾夫人》影評
2010990020
10行管
江媛媛
1342395297@qq.com
傳記電影只所以吸引人,重要的原因之一就是它給予觀眾一種錯覺:可以借2小時的銀幕之旅來了解歷史、一個重要人物的一生,還有他的心靈。有時導演未必有這樣的野心或能力在電影中重建歷史、偉人,只有少數偉大的傳記片才會讓觀眾在看過之后產生更多的思考和探尋歷史真實的沖動。影片《撒切爾夫人》,它試圖詮釋一個“鐵娘子”稱號下“真實”的瑪格麗特·撒切爾,但在看過影片之后,我們仍然無法確認銀幕上的撒切爾和真正的撒切爾有多大程度上的吻合。
影片的導演菲利達·勞埃德之前只拍過一部音樂劇電影《媽媽咪呀》,這位女導演讓影片充滿細膩溫婉的氣氛,卻也失去了傳記電影最吸引人的力量感。反復的閃回、倒敘使影片頗具有現代感,同時則失去了敘事的流暢性。對比《國王的演講》的高度集中、高度戲劇化,《撒切爾夫人》就顯得有些瑣碎輕盈。
在“中美文化藝術論壇”中與斯特里普交流的環節里,一位英國人站起來表示,他就是當年朝撒切爾夫人的車子扔東西,高喊“撒切爾滾蛋”的那些年輕人之一,至今仍然不贊同撒切爾的主張和作為,但影片讓他有了一個重新的認識,這都要感謝斯特里普的精彩表演。
出乎我們的意料,影片從退休后身體每況愈下的撒切爾開始寫起,中間穿插著閃回來講述這位政壇的鐵腕人物是如何走到這一步的。這個結構就已經奠定了整部影片的基調:回憶的、個人的、溫和與失落的鐵娘子。老年的鐵娘子神經質、敏感,甚至可以說多愁善感,她時常有看到死去丈夫的幻覺,對孩子充滿母性的思念之情。斯特里普的表演已臻化境,演起這樣一位老人來真切自如,但從效果來看,則遠不如回憶段落中從青年走到盛年的撒切爾夫人來得真實。當她第一次和政敵在議員中論戰時,當她斬釘截鐵地決定與阿根廷開戰時,那種歷史風云人物的震撼才在銀幕上展現出來,令你全心投入。
“當心你的思想,因為思想會變成言語;當心你的言語,因為言語會變成行動;當心你的行動,因為行動會變成習慣;當心你的習慣,因為習慣會變成性格;而性格會變成你的命運。”這是影片中老年撒切爾夫人對她的醫生說的一段話。我們在影片中看到了撒切爾的性格,她的習慣,她的言語,可對于她的思想,她何以成為撒切爾夫人,還是只能停留在導演提供的片面解讀上——沒有中英談判的內容,對收取“人頭稅”也一筆帶過。
影片用濃重的筆墨,勾勒了一個在男人世界里打拼的女人背后的心酸。影片還原了撒切爾夫人的工作處境:在滿是灰黑色男性西裝的議會里,只有一個穿著亮藍色裙裝的她,孤零零地坐著。為了能夠適應在清一色男性的政壇立足,撒切爾還專門接受過培訓,改變發型、整形牙齒、練習說話腔調。女兒卡羅爾曾提到,母親的衣櫥里面沒有一件女性休閑款的衣服,齊刷刷地掛滿了適合在正式場合穿著的套裝。雖然生活在男人幫里,撒切爾依然保有很多女性特質。像不少女性一樣,她也隨身不離手提包,但是除了梳子、口紅和手帕,包里還有應對斷電的手電筒、防止反對者朝她臉上潑硫酸而毀容的解毒劑。
據說,撒切爾夫人會把手提包放在會議桌中央,在辯論中隨時從中取出文件應對。英國前首相布萊爾年輕時曾質問撒切爾夫人是否讀過凱恩斯,撒切爾夫人從容地從手提包里拿出這位英國經濟學家的文章,反駁布萊爾。如今,“手提包”在牛津詞典里,多了一層“抨擊或者威嚇”的意思。
撒切爾夫人是永不服輸的“鐵娘子”。
撒切爾夫人那個時代,英國還處在“二戰后遺癥|”中,臃腫的政府部門、效率低下的國企、“垮掉的年輕人”等等一系列問題,使國家陷于內耗,發展停滯。瑪格麗特從政后,旗幟鮮明的反對官僚主義,大力削減政府開支,減少對經濟的干預。同時,她擯棄懶散怠惰的社會風氣,鼓勵年輕人努力工作,高效率的工作,從而贏得人生價值。工黨掌握的工會勢力,借撒切爾縮減開支、關閉國企的政策,大力鼓動公務員和工人罷工,一時倫敦街頭籠罩在“血雨腥風”之中。這時,撒切爾夫人勇敢的來到工廠、事業單位中,平息公眾對其的不滿,并發表了振奮人心的演說,宗旨便是:勞動才有飯吃,罷工只會害了英國人。
隨著一系列改革執行,中小型企業迅速崛起,并成為英國經濟發展、產業轉型的中堅力量,失業數和不滿度也隨之銳減。奮起直追的沖勁戰勝了懶散怠惰的氤氳,撒切爾不僅挽救了國家,也鞭策了英國人。
福克蘭群島一直是英國在南美的根據地,同時也是涉足南極的前哨,戰略位置非常重要。因為年年削減政府開支,撒切爾時期的福克蘭群島,因缺乏財政支持,駐軍數量減少、裝備長期未更新。此時,軍人掌政的阿根廷政府認為“奪回”國土的時候來了,于是來了一個“偷襲群島”。打還是不打?不服輸的撒切爾夫人毅然選擇了戰爭,一來可以樹立英國還是軍事強國的形象,二來能提振自己的支持度。作為政治家,撒切爾無法顧及軍人親屬的感受,舍小為大,義無反顧。
撒切爾夫人是永不妥協的鐵娘子,但,唯有時間擊敗了她。
熟悉撒切爾夫人鐵腕形象的人,恐怕會認不出電影片頭那個步履蹣跚的老婦人。她行動遲緩,語無倫次,眼神里充滿了怯懦。這正是如今的撒切爾夫人。“母親一生的最愛只有兩個:一是唐寧街10號,二是父親丹尼斯。她的最愛都被剝奪了。”女兒卡羅爾說。
2003年,丈夫丹尼斯去世,可撒切爾遲遲不能接受這個事實。瑪格麗特是撒切爾夫人的本家姓,但就像大多數女強者,她對丈夫的姓同樣看重。丈夫是瑪格麗特靈與肉的支持,這也是撒切爾先生的幽靈貫穿全片之故。
步入政壇前,撒切爾只是父親雜貨店里的服務員。因聽了保守黨的演講,開始對政治有了興趣,并因此考取了牛津。和撒切爾先生的婚姻,有一半原因來自政治考慮,片中撒切爾向瑪格麗特求婚時說得很直白:你缺少一個大商人的背景,而我正好可以填補這部分。有志于政治的瑪格麗特,當然不會放過這一絕佳機遇。撒切爾不僅在政治上幫了妻子一把,也是其最好的心靈依靠。從政之初,瑪格麗特除面對政敵們的挑釁,還面臨著性別歧視。片中有個場景俯拍議院人群,黑壓壓的全是西裝革履的男士,只有撒切爾夫人一位女士,起眼的高跟鞋成了獨特的風景;繁雜的政事讓瑪格麗特很難顧及家人,撒切爾先生對此深表理解,因為他喜歡妻子的與眾不同。據女兒卡羅爾介紹,如今,患有老年癡呆癥的她會在餐廳里掛上丈夫的畫像,一邊吃飯,一邊跟“丈夫”說話,有時候還會跟女兒解釋:“看,爸爸并沒有離開我們!”
與撒切爾夫人結識30多年的琳達·麥克多戈感嘆道:“我曾經是那么羨慕她身上所擁有的那股常人鮮有的自信,而現在,我只能從她的眼神中看到膽怯和猶豫。她自己也感覺到了這些變化,她感到恐懼,因為她想要阻止這些變化卻又無能為力。”
在影片中,當丹尼斯·撒切爾向年輕的瑪格麗特求婚時,瑪格麗特非常認真地對他說:“我不想成為一個在家洗碗洗到死的女人。”但影片的最后一幕中,晚年的撒切爾夫人慢慢喝完咖啡,蹣跚地走向洗碗池,自己把咖啡杯洗凈,然后轉身離開。這一巨大的悖論,看來讓人心靈一顫。
如今,87歲高齡的撒切爾平時既不看電視,也不讀報紙,一個人住在倫敦的家里。每天早上醒來,她會坐在窗邊,盯著不遠處的海德公園里游玩的人們發呆。由于年輕時專注工作,和家人接觸少,她跟兒女的關系并不密切,他們平均6個月來看望她一次。雖然在任期間交友廣泛,但當她過77歲生日的時候,本以為至少能收到幾十張賀卡,最后只收到了4張卡片。它們被精心擺放在壁爐臺上,閑下來的時候,撒切爾夫人就會出神地盯著它們。
為了與電影相呼應,《每日郵報》記者特地在圣誕節的時候跑去她家門口蹲點,捕捉昔日鐵娘子的風采。可是,他既沒有拍到兒女來歡聚,也沒有政客來寒暄,只有替她開門的警衛和攙她走路的護士。鏡頭里的撒切爾夫人風光不再,她左手扶著門框,艱難地向前邁步。
瑪格麗特是撒切爾夫人,也是鐵娘子。撇開她政治家的身份,她身上那種不比男人差的強硬和睿智,還是很值得現代人學習的。