第一篇：英語中狀語相關(guān)知識大全

英語中狀語相關(guān)知識大全 1 下一篇文章

一、什么叫狀語？

修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞以及全句的句子成份叫狀語。例如：

My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past．我父母經(jīng)常給我們講他們過去的苦難生活。She studies hard．她努力學(xué)習(xí)。I am very tired．我非常疲倦。

二、什么可以作狀語？

1．副詞：Say again．再說一遍。

Suddenly it began to rain．天突然下雨了。2．介詞短語：

Please come here in the evening．請晚上來這兒。He wrote with a red pencil．他用紅鉛筆寫的。3．動詞不定式（或不定式短語）：

He went to see a film．他看電影去了。

My father was surprised to hear the news． 我父親聽到這個消息，感到驚奇。4．分詞（或分詞短語）：

He sat there reading a novel．他坐在那兒看小說。4．分詞（或分詞短語）：

He sat there reading a novel．他坐在那兒看小說。The students went away laughing．學(xué)生們笑著走開了。5．名詞：

Wait a moment．等一會兒。

It can go all day and all night．它能整日整夜地走。6．狀語從句：

I’ll write to you as soon as I get there． 我一到那兒就給你寫信。

He didn’t come because he had to stay at home to finish his home work．他沒來，因為他不得不留在家里完成家庭作業(yè)。

三、狀語的分類：

狀語按用途可分為：地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等幾類。1．地點狀語：

三、狀語的分類：

狀語按用途可分為：地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等幾類。1．地點狀語：

The students are doing their homework in the classroom．學(xué)生們正在教室里做作業(yè)。2．時間狀語：

I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside．我在農(nóng)村生活時，向農(nóng)民學(xué)到很多東西。3．目的狀語：

They set out early so that they might arrive on time．他們早點動身，以便準時到達。4．原因狀語：

She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting．因為要開會，所以她不能回家了。5．結(jié)果狀語：

Li Ming studied so hard that he caught upwith the others very quickly．李明學(xué)習(xí)如此努力，結(jié)果很快趕上了其他人。6．程度狀語：

I nearly forgot what he had promised． 我?guī)缀跬浟怂饝?yīng)的事。7．方式狀語：

He came singing and dancing．他唱著跳著走過來。8．條件狀語：

If you work hard at English，you will do well in English．如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)英語，你的英語成績就會好。9．讓步狀語：

He went to school yesterday though he was ill． 昨天他盡管有病，仍上學(xué)去了。10．比較狀語：

Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One． 第二課不像第一課那樣難。

四、狀語的位置：

一般說來狀語在句中的位置比較靈活，它可以處于句首、句中或句末。Tomorrow I am going swimming．明天我要去游泳。

Here in the cinema house，smoking is not allowed． 在電影院這里不準吸煙的。檢舉

回答人的補充 2009-06-06 17:08 2．狀語位于句中：狀語在句中的位置是：(1)如果沒有助動詞，狀語就位于動詞前面。I often go to see a film．我經(jīng)常看電影。

(2)如果動詞前有一個或幾個助動詞，狀語位于第一個助動詞之后。He has already had his lunch．他已吃過午飯了。(3)如果動詞是be，狀語就放在be動詞之后。

第二篇：英語狀語從句

（三）狀語從句

（一）時間狀語從句

例題 I didn’t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.since 分析 時間狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，表示主句動作發(fā)生的時間。引導(dǎo)這種從句的詞有after, before, as, when, while , till , until, since, once;連接副詞immediately 等；起連接作用的短語as soon as, by the 不能用形容詞such.例如：

● Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.4.so+ adj.(adv.)+that+從句●The boy is so old that he can go to school.5.so + adj.+ a(an)+單數(shù)名詞

●He is so good a student that we all like him.time, hardly…when, no sooner…than等。例如： ● I was writing a letter when he came in.● She did not go to bet until she(had)finished her homework.● It is nearly six years since we began to learn English.● Once you begin, you must go on.● By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left.時間狀語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)用法，應(yīng)注意下面兩點： 1． 要用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時，例如： ● I’ll let him know when he comes.2.要用一般過去時替代過去將來時，例如： ●He said he would wait here until I came back.例題的意思是：“直到你說明怎么辦之后，我才設(shè)法把這件事做好。”根據(jù)題意，須由until 引導(dǎo)此例的時間狀語從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為B。

（二）地點狀語從句

例題 When you read the book , you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.A.at whichB.at whereC.the place whereD.where

分析 地點狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，表示主句的動作發(fā)生的處所或方向，這種從句通常用連接副詞where，wherever(無論在哪里，無論到哪里)引導(dǎo)。例如： ● Where there is oppression, there is struggle.例題的意思是：“你看書時，最好在有問題的地方做一個記號。”此復(fù)合句中的從句是個地點狀語從句，須用連接副詞where 引導(dǎo)，所以正確答案應(yīng)為D。

（三）結(jié)果（程度）狀語從句

例題 She told us _____story that we all forgot about the time.A.such an interestingB.such interesting aC.so an interestingD.a so interesting

分析 結(jié)果狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，表示主句的動作所引起的結(jié)果。這種從句由such…that, so…that, so that等引導(dǎo)。其用法舉例如下： 1． Such +a(an)+(adj.)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that+從句

● He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.2.such+(adj.)+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+從句

●He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.3.such+(adj.)+不可數(shù)名詞+that+從句

●He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.在“such+ adj.+ n.+that+ clause”這個結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中名詞由many, much, few, little 修飾時，須用副詞so,例題中的結(jié)果狀語從句由“such+ an + adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that”引導(dǎo)。屬于第一種情況，所以正確答案應(yīng)為A。

（四）目的狀語從句

例題 I hurried____ I wouldn’t be late for class.A.sinceB.so thatC.as ifD.unless 分析 目的狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，表示主句的動作發(fā)生的目的。這種從句用連詞so that, in order that 等引導(dǎo)。目的狀語從句的謂語動詞中常有情態(tài)動詞may/might, can/ could, will/ would 和should.例如：

● He is working hard so that he may pass his examination.例題中有一個目的狀語從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為D。

（五）條件狀語從句

例題_____he comes, we won’t be able to go.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even 分析 條件狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，表示主句的動作發(fā)生的條件、假定等。條件狀語從句通常由連詞if, unless和起連接作用的短語so/ as long as(只要)，so far as(就…)，suppose(that)(假定)等引導(dǎo)。例如：

● If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.● He will not come unless he is invited.● Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?

● As long as we don’t lose heart , we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.例題的選項中只有unless 可以引導(dǎo)一個條件狀語從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為B。

（六）讓步狀語從句

例題 _____, he doesn’t study well.A.As he is cleverB.He is as cleverC.Clever as he isD.As clever he is

分析 讓步狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，表示某種不利的情況或障礙，但這些因素并不能阻止主句的動作的發(fā)生。這種從句通常用連詞although, though, as, however等；連接代詞whatever, whoever等；起連接作用的短語even if though, no matter how what who 等引導(dǎo)。例如： ● Although/ Though the task was difficult, they managed to complete it in time.● Young as he is, he knows a lot.用as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，常用倒裝語序，如上面例句所示。● Nobody believed him no matter what / whatever he said.● He will never succeed.however/no matter how hard he tries.● Even if/ though an icy wind blew from the north, we always slept with our windows open.例題中有一個as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，故從句中的表語clever 須放到as 前面去，所以正確答案應(yīng)為C。

第三篇：高考英語知識點中很讓人頭疼的——狀語從句

http://www.tmdps.cn/beijing/

高考英語知識點中很讓人頭疼的——狀語從句

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語 從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

狀語從句(Adverbial Clause)

狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。

根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。

時態(tài)特點

一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。

例如：

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我到北京就將給你打電話。

(這是由as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一般將來時，絕不可用will arrive)

As soon as I have finished this work, I will have gone home.我一完成此工作，就回家。

(從句中的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時have finished，表示將來完成時,絕不可用will have finished)

If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了，請通知我。http://www.tmdps.cn/beijing/

(從句中的謂語動詞用comes back,表示一般將來時，絕不可用will come back)從句通常結(jié)構(gòu)：主 do sth.do sb.(條件)+ V.結(jié)果

一、時間狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：when(在?時), as(當(dāng)?時), while(在?期間), as soon as(一??就??), before(在?之前), after(在...之后), since(自從...以來), not...until(直到?才)until/till(直到?時)等

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant(瞬間，頃刻), immediately , directly(不久，立即), no sooner ? than(一...就...), hardly ?when(剛一...就...), scarcely ? when(剛...就.../一...就...)

當(dāng)用no sooner ? than，hardly ?when，scarcely ? when作為引導(dǎo)詞的時候，從句要部分倒裝。

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.直到我成為了一個成年人我才意識到我的母親是多么的特殊。

While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.當(dāng)約翰看電視時，他的妻子正在做飯。

The children ran away from the orchard(果園), the moment they saw the guard.孩子們一看到守衛(wèi)就逃出了果園。

No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.還沒等我到家就開始下雨了。

(<---This translation is wrong.No sooner...than...means something happened right after something happened.)(我一到家就開始下雨了。)

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.每當(dāng)我聽取你的建議時，我就會惹上麻煩。http://www.tmdps.cn/beijing/

二、地點狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：where

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.一般來說，有工廠的地方空氣污染就嚴重。

Wherever you go, you should work hard.無論你去哪里，你都應(yīng)該努力工作。

地點狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導(dǎo)，已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型，例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在沒有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的或根本不可能的。

They were good persons.Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。

You should have put the book where you found it.你應(yīng)該把書放回原來的地方。

Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中國共產(chǎn)黨，哪里的人民就得解放。

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海員。

三、原因狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as，特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.http://www.tmdps.cn/beijing/

我的朋友都不喜歡我，因為我又英俊又成功。

Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.既然每個人都到了，讓我們開始我們的會議吧。

The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.更高的收入稅是有害的，因為它或許會阻礙人們努力賺錢。

四、目的狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.老板要求秘書快寫函件以便他能在上面簽字。

The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.為了讓后面的學(xué)生聽得更清楚，老師有意地提高了他的聲音。

注意，由for引導(dǎo)的是一個并列句，不是原因狀語從句，但有表原因的意思，是并列連詞。

五、結(jié)果狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：so ? that, such ? that，特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that，He got up so early that he caught the first bus.他很早起床以便趕上第一班公共汽車

It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.這是一個好機會，千萬不能錯過它 http://www.tmdps.cn/beijing/

To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.他激動到這個程度，以至于他昨晚睡不著

六、條件狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,whether(whether...or not)

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case(美語中表條件，英語中表目的), on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.如果總統(tǒng)同意，我們將開始我們的項目

You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.只要你繼續(xù)努力，你一定會成功的。

Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.如果沒有人反對，我們就在這里開會。

七、讓步狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while(一般用在句首)，no matter ?，in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.盡管我很尊敬他，但是我卻不同意他的建議。

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.老人都很喜歡游泳，即使天氣很惡劣。

No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.不論他如何努力，她都不會改變她的主意。

He won’t listen whatever you may say.他不會聽你說什么。http://www.tmdps.cn/beijing/

八、比較狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more ? the more ?;just as ?，so?;A is to B what/as X is to Y;no ? more than;not so much A as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.她和她媽媽一樣脾氣很壞。

The house is three times as big as ours.這房子是我們的三倍大。

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.你運動的越多，你就越健康。

Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，猶如油之于機器。

九、方式狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way

When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入國問禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。

She behaved as if she were the boss.她表現(xiàn)得好像她是老板。

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.有時，我們用父母教導(dǎo)我們的方式教導(dǎo)我們的孩子。

十、狀語從句的省略

狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it;②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞常可省略。例如：

When(the museum is)completed , the museum will be open to the public next year.http://www.tmdps.cn/beijing/

當(dāng)博物館完成，該博物館將于明年向公眾開放。

He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if(it is)possible.如果可能，他將去海邊度假的話

另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：

I’m taller than he(is tall).我比他高

The higher the temperature(is), the greater the pressure(is).溫度越高，氣壓越大

就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進行“簡化”。狀語從句的“簡化”現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對其進行全面、透徹的了解。

狀語從句的“簡化”現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:

①由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;

②由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;

③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句;

④由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句;

⑤由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。

(1)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。

例如:

If(it is)possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。

You must attend the meeting unless(it is)inconvenient to you。

除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。

(2)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:

連詞+形容詞

As(he was)young, he learned how to ride a bike.http://www.tmdps.cn/beijing/

他小時候就學(xué)會了騎自行車。

Whenever(she is)free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。

Work hard when(you are)young, or you'll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。

連詞+名詞

While(he was)a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩子時代就樂于助人。

Although(he was)a farmer, now he is a famous director.盡管他曾是個農(nóng)民,但現(xiàn)在他是位著名的導(dǎo)演了。

連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞

As(she was)walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。

Although(he is)doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.盡管近來他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),但他仍然沒有取得好成績。

連詞+過去分詞

He won't go there with us unless(he is)invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那里。

The concert was a great success than(it was)expected

.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。

連詞+不定式

He stood up as if(he were)to say something.當(dāng)時他站起來好像要說什么。

He wouldn't solve the problem even if(he were)to take charge.即使他來負責(zé),他也解決不了這個問題。

連詞+介詞短語

She looked anxious as though(she was)in trouble.http://www.tmdps.cn/beijing/

她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。

He had mastered the English language before(he was)in the USA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。

注意:當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。

例如:

When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當(dāng)會議結(jié)束時,人們都走出了會議室。(=The meeting over)

第四篇：狀語從句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(條件、讓步和對比從句)條件從句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引導(dǎo)，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.讓步從句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述讓步從句的某些從屬連詞時注意以下幾點：

a.although(though)不可與連詞 but 連用；

b.as 引導(dǎo)的從句意義和 though 相似，但表示的語氣較強，并須將強調(diào)的詞放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引導(dǎo)的從句中，however / no matter how 后須緊跟形容詞或副詞，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.對比從句

表示兩個人或兩件事之間的對比，常用 while 或 whereas 引導(dǎo)，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、結(jié)果和目的從句)原因從句

主要由下列從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 語氣最強，表示直接、主要原因，通常引導(dǎo)的從句放在句尾，特別是回答 why 提出的問題只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明顯的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。這些連詞與 as, since 意思相近，通常用于書面語，并且它們兼有其它意義。now that 有“時間”含義，表示”既然”，說明一種新

情況；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“條件”含義；in that 有”某一方面”含義，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.結(jié)果從句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的從句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果從句也可引導(dǎo)目的從句，但結(jié)果從句表示事實，通常不含情態(tài)動詞；目的從句表示希望或想要實現(xiàn)的事實，通常含有情態(tài)動詞，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（結(jié)果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意義，并且從句中動詞須用 “動詞原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虛擬語氣，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比較從句)方式從句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語氣，但如果主句謂語是感官動詞，并且所述情況實現(xiàn)可能性大，也可用陳述語氣，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比較從句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例從句和其它從句)比例從句

由關(guān)聯(lián)詞 the...the...連接形容詞或副詞比較級構(gòu)成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它從句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引導(dǎo)的類比從句；so(as)far as 引導(dǎo)的范圍從句；except that 引導(dǎo)的例外從句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引導(dǎo)的擇比從句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，駱駝似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（鐵路對于運輸，好比血管對于人的身體。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（據(jù)我所知，他是一個誠實的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我會很高興去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他寧可沿街乞討，也不愿意用欺騙手段騙取錢。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他寧可要那個小的，而不愿要那個大的。）

第五篇：狀語從句1

狀語從句

一：什么是狀語從句？

用一個句子(從句)來作另一個句子(主句)的狀語，用作狀語的句子就叫作狀語從句。作什么樣的狀語就叫什么類型的狀語從句。例如：條件狀語從句就是用一個句子來作條件狀語。二：狀語從句的分類。

1.時間狀語從句用法要點。

凡是從句都必須有引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的詞有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具體用法如下：

（1）.when 意為“當(dāng)??時”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時或先后發(fā)生。例如：

I feel very happy when you come to see me.你（們）來看我時，我感到很高興。

When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.你（們）過街道時，一定要小心。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動詞，也可以用點動詞。He was working at the table when I went in.當(dāng)我進去的時候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.當(dāng)我正在睡覺時，有人敲門。I will visit my good friend when I have time.當(dāng)我有空兒時，我將去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.當(dāng)我在上海時，我為一家外國企業(yè)工作。

注：when也可以作并列連詞，表示一個動詞正在進行的時候，突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。

I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help.我正在河邊釣魚，就在那時有人求救。

We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我們正在化學(xué)實驗室工作，突然燈都熄滅了。

比較while, when, as

1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動作的動詞。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）當(dāng)從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個從句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）從句表示“隨時間推移”連詞能用as，不用when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。

（2）.before 意為“在??之前”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。例如：

We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天離開學(xué)校之前，我們打掃了教室。

He had been a cook before he went to college.他上大學(xué)前曾當(dāng)過廚師。

after 意為“在??之后”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。例如：

After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about.你（們）用過了塑料袋之后，不準到處亂扔。

He called me after he had finished his work.他在工作完之后給我打了個電話。

注：若主句和從句兩個動作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成時態(tài)，例如 1

上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.（3）.since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，譯為“自從??”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句常用一般過去時。

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook.自從我們開始做飯起，我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。

We haven't seen each other since we parted.我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。

注：常用句型：It is +時間段+since從句譯為：自從??有多長時間了。

It is six years since she graduated from the university.自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有六年的時間了。

（4）.until 意為“直到??時”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞時，主句常用肯定形式；當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是非持續(xù)性動詞時，從句常用否定形式, not...until...意為“直到??才??”，這時的until可以用before 來替換。例如：

I'll stay here until you come back.我會呆在這里，直到你回來。(stay表示的動作可以持續(xù))

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。(go to bed 表示的動作不能持續(xù))

（5）表示“一?就?”的結(jié)構(gòu)

hardly/scarcely?when/before, no sooner?than 和as soon as都可以表示“一?就?”的意思，表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作馬上就發(fā)生。例：

①、I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回來我就告訴他這件事。

②、I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.③、I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.④、As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：

Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.（6）.while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，常譯為“與??同時，在??期間”，while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。

They rushed in while we were discussing problems.當(dāng)我們正在討論問題時，他們沖了進來。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時，爸爸正在清洗汽車。

注：while也可以作并列連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于but，譯為“然而”。eg.I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜歡聽音樂，而我的兄弟愛好運動。

（7）.till和until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，譯為“直到??為止”，not ? till / until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，譯為“直到??才”。前者強調(diào)主句動作的結(jié)束，用延續(xù)性動詞，后者強調(diào)主句動作的開始，用點動詞。

比較until和till

此兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某時”，動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達的意思是“直至某時才做某事”。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。

肯定句：

I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜時醒了。

Wait till I call you.等著我叫你。

（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

否定句：

She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.她直到6點才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才會做。

1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點也不知道。

2)Until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。

---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么時候？

---Until next Monday.呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。

(1）Not until ?在句首，主句用倒裝。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世紀初，人類才知道熱能是什么。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我開始工作，我才認識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。

(2)It is not until? that?

I will wait for my friend until / till he comes.我要一直等到我朋友來。

We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.我們要等到他來了，再開始我們的討論。

2、地點狀語從句用法要點。

常用where（哪里）和wherever（無論哪里）引導(dǎo)。

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

We will go wherever the motherland need us most.我們要到祖國最需要的地方去。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方樹很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都會想到你。方式狀語從句

方式狀語從句通常由as,(just)as?so?, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。

1）as,(just)as?so?引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as?so?結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如?”，“就像”，多用于正式文體，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。

2）as if, as though

兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作“仿佛??似的”，“好像??似的”，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）

說明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。原因狀語從句用法要點。

常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有because, as和since。三者的區(qū)別是：在回答問題的時候，使用because；對于顯而易見的原因，常用as或since；as和since的從句常放在主句之前，而because的從句常放在主句之后。

Why did you go?I went because Tom told me to go.你為何去？那是因為湯姆叫我去。He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.他很生氣不是因為我們來遲了，而是因為我們弄出了聲音。

As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.由于雨太大，我們只好呆在家里。

Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work.既然你感覺不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。比較：because, since, as和for

1）because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。

I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.5、目的狀語從句用法要點。

常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有so that, that和in order that譯為：以便，為了，目的是。此外還有l(wèi)est, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)，例如，Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.請講慢一點，以便我們能作詳細筆記。

I shall write down your address that I may not forget.我要把你的地址記下來，以免忘記。

I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.這封信我以航空信發(fā)出，以便他能及時收到。

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.注：目的狀語從句可以用動詞不定式來替換做目的狀語

We work harder than usualfinish it in a week.我們比平常加倍努力工作以在一周內(nèi)完

成工作。結(jié)果狀語從句

結(jié)果狀語從句常由so? that 或 such?that引導(dǎo)，掌握這兩個句型，首先要了解so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。

比較：so和 such

其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。

so foolishsuch a fool

so nice a flowersuch a nice flower

so many / few flowerssuch nice flowers

so much / little money.such rapid progress

so many peoplesuch a lot of people

（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）

so?that與such?that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school條件狀語從句用法要點。

我們主要看一下由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。if 意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時，表示假如有從句的動作發(fā)生就(不)會有主句的動作發(fā)生。例如：

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我們就騎自行車去那里。

If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快點看病。連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。

unless = if not.Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.典型例題

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or

答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否則你就回遲到的。可轉(zhuǎn)化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不對，or表轉(zhuǎn)折，句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late.8讓步狀語從句

though, although

注意： 當(dāng)有though, although時，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>

He is very old, but he still works very hard.雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。（諺語）

典型例題

1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.A.When B.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless

答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。

2)as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句

as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

b.句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems?

雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。

3)ever if, even though.即使

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.4)whether?or-不管??都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5)“no matter +疑問詞” 或“疑問詞+后綴ever”

No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換：no matter what = whatever

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。

（錯）No matter what you say is of no use now.（對）Whatever you say is of no use now.你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)

（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,（對）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。三：主句與從句時態(tài)一致的問題。

在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句和從句之間的時態(tài)一致問題一般分下列兩種情況：

1.若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情態(tài)動詞，或主句中謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。例如：

Be careful when you cross the road.過馬路時要小心。

Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask.如果你們有問題要問的話，請舉手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red.紅燈亮?xí)r，車輛必須停下。

2.若主從句謂語動詞都是陳述過去，那么主從句都可以用一般過去時。例如：She could sing when she was four years old.她四歲的時候就會唱歌。