第一篇：新風(fēng)尚大學(xué)實(shí)用英語綜合教程3短語詞組、句子翻譯期末總結(jié)

1劣于或優(yōu)于

2來自起源于

3被精美的展示出來be inferior or superior to stem from be beautifully displayed

4收集的熱度和廣度 記錄下這些體驗(yàn) 6娛樂活動 7與

相符合 8耐性和個性 9投入時間和金錢 10學(xué)習(xí)的熱情 11卷入陷入 12有趣的設(shè)施 13堅(jiān)定的信仰 14從

中得到樂趣 15優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)

1因

而豐富 2導(dǎo)致成功 3恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?/p>

4實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo) 5學(xué)士學(xué)位 6工商管理 7全球市場 8互惠互利的 9主導(dǎo)力量

10奢侈品和必需品

11將大量的精力集中在12激烈的爭議 13制造產(chǎn)品 14管理結(jié)構(gòu)

15盡管事實(shí)是

1從這個定義上而言 2被。。吸引 3視覺形象

4發(fā)現(xiàn)自己意識到 5親密的語言

6掌握富有表達(dá)力的英語7生動的描述 8經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的證據(jù) 9假裝做。10研究的局限性 11擔(dān)憂。

上the intensity and extensiveness of the collection capture these experiences 6 recreational activity 7 correspond to/with endurance and personality 9 invest time and money in 10 the enthusiasm to learn 11 involve in enjoyable facilities 13 unyielding conviction 14 derive enjoyment from 15 achieve a mutual advantage be enriched by 2 contribute to success 3 a case in point execute one’s objective 5 a bachielor degree bussiness administration 7 global market mutually beneficial 9 the dominant force 10 luxury and necessity 11 focus extensively on 12 intense controversy 13 manufacture products 14 management structure 15 despite the fact that by that definition 2 be fascinated by 3 visual image find myself conscious of 5 language of intimacy expressive command of English belies 7 vivid descreption 8 empirical evidence 9 pretend to do the limitations of research 11 be concerned about

12平靜下來

13容忍更多的借口 14立即收到支票 15驚呆的經(jīng)紀(jì)人

四 1網(wǎng)戀

2下決心做。3最浪漫的語言 4遙遠(yuǎn)而迷人的國度 5一封名為。。的郵件 6走出候機(jī)廳 7激動地握手

8我們簡直無法看對方 9難以置信的情感

10把理智和情感聯(lián)系起來11非盈利機(jī)構(gòu) 12周年慶典 13期待訂婚 14命中注定。15聽到他人的評論

五

1深刻植根于 2 惹惱了眾神 3特別

4懲罰全人類 5深吸一口氣 6被。。迷住 7最終

8一個誘人的重要條件 9想不通 10發(fā)誓 11不再忍受

12沒有財富的痕跡 13感到內(nèi)疚

14一個迷糊的聲音 15悲傷地呼喚

六

1驚嘆于。之美 2創(chuàng)造巨大奇跡 3對。有最深遠(yuǎn)的影響 4面對、面臨 calm down tolerate more excuses receive the check immediately 15 astonished stockbroker cyber love be determined to do the most romantic language the distant and charming country 5 an email entitled….6 walk out of the terminal 7 shake from nerves we could barely look at each other 9 incredible feeling connect mind with the heart 11 non-profit organization 12 anniversary celebration 13 await engagement 14 be destined to receive comments from others profoundly root in 2 upset gods 3 in particular punish the humenity 5 take a deep breath 6 be charmed by 7 eventually a tempting yet important condition 9 puzzle over 10 swear that stand it no longer 12 no sign of treasure 13 feel guilty an indistinct voice 15 miserably call marvel at the beauty 2 make powerful miracles have the most profound impact on 4 be confronted with

5充當(dāng)。角色 6與。構(gòu)成鮮明對比 7因值班而徹夜未眠 8清晰記得

9本能的挪動身子 10小心翼翼地?fù)衤?11恢復(fù)體力 12感到放心的 13換言之

14給了我們這樣的啟示 15第一手的描述

JR serve as make a pleasant contrast with 7 end a sleepless night on duty 8 remember vividly 9 move indistinctively pick up one’s way cautiously 11 regain one’s strength 12 be reassured about sth 13 put it another way 14 give us a reminder that 15 first hand accounts of

第二篇：大學(xué)英語綜合教程3課后句子翻譯

1、我的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)出了毛病，但我覺得問題比較小。We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.2、父親去世時我還小，不能獨(dú)立生活。就在那時，家鄉(xiāng)的父老接過了養(yǎng)育我的責(zé)任。

My father died when I was too young to live on my own.The people of my hometown took over(responsibility for)my upbringing at that point.3、這些玩具必須在達(dá)到嚴(yán)格的安全要求后才可出售給兒童。

The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children.4、作為新聞和輿論的載體，廣播和電視補(bǔ)充了而不是替代了報紙。

Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.5、至于這本雜志，它刊載世界各地許多報紙雜志上的文章摘要。

When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.1、雖然受到全球金融危機(jī)后果的巨大影響，但是我們?nèi)匀幌嘈盼覀兡軌蛎鎸μ魬?zhàn)，克服危機(jī)

Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.2、在持續(xù)不斷的沙塵暴的威脅下，我們被迫離開我們喜愛的村莊，搬到新的地方 Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement.3、根據(jù)最近的網(wǎng)上調(diào)查，許多消費(fèi)者說他們也許會有興趣考慮購買電視廣告中播放的產(chǎn)品 According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials.4、看到卡車司機(jī)把受污染的廢棄物倒在河邊，老人馬上向警方報告

Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.5、一些科學(xué)家堅(jiān)信人們總有一天會喜歡轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物的，因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌蛱岣弋a(chǎn)量，幫助發(fā)展中國家戰(zhàn)勝饑荒和疾病

Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.1、無論在城市還是在農(nóng)村，因特網(wǎng)正在改變?nèi)藗兊纳罘绞健?/p>

The Internet is changing the way people live,(no matter)whether they are in urban or rural areas.2、和大公司相比，中小公司更容易受到全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的威脅。

Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones.3、關(guān)于期末論文，教授要求我們先分析失業(yè)圖表，然后對國家的發(fā)展提供批評性的見解 With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us 2 to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development

4、他從來也沒有想到他們隊(duì)會以大比分贏得那場籃球比賽。

It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.5、回顧二十年的的中學(xué)教學(xué)，我把我的成功歸結(jié)為耐心、才能和對知識的不斷追求 Looking back on my twenty years' teaching in high school, I attribute my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge.1、紅十字會派遣的志愿人員非常小心的對村里的飲用水進(jìn)行消毒，以避免爆發(fā)瘟疫。The volunteers sent/assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague.2、愛因斯坦用了多年時間試圖把電磁學(xué)理論和引力理論結(jié)合起來，但沒有成功。

Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed.3、因其在激發(fā)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性想象力方面的出色表現(xiàn)，王教授獲得了校長獎。Professor Wang received/won the Presidential Award for his excellence in stimulating students' creative imagination.4、因存在一些設(shè)計(jì)上的重大缺陷，董事會沒有同意那個經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃。

As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn't approve of the economic stimulus package.5、喬丹意識到?jīng)]人能給他幫助，終于得出結(jié)論他必須面對現(xiàn)實(shí)，獨(dú)自接受挑戰(zhàn)。Having realized that nobody could help him,Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up/meet the challenge by himself.1、奶奶想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為糧價要漲，所以買了許多大米。

Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice.2、我可以給你引用幾個例子來說明她獻(xiàn)身科學(xué)的精神。

I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.3、20世紀(jì)80年代中國一些經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)開始迅速發(fā)展起來。

The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones inChina.4、兩國關(guān)系的緊張部分是最近的間諜事件引起的。

The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones inChina.5、彼得在一家律師事務(wù)所當(dāng)了多年律師。你可以考慮請他做你的律師，當(dāng)你需要法律援助時，由他代你行事。

Peter has worked in a law firm for many years.You can consider having him as your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.3

1、這座紅房子在參天古樹的映襯下十分奪目。

The red house stands outagainst the old trees that reach high up to the sky.2、我的新工作薪酬很高，但是其他方面我并不滿意。

The salary in/for my new job is great, but for the rest, I’m not satisfied.3、兩條溪流的水在我們村子附近匯合了。

The waters of the two streams minglenear our village.4、我們不應(yīng)該嘲笑別人的宗教信仰。

We should not mockat other people’s religious beliefs

5、這間房間的窗簾同家具的風(fēng)格不太協(xié)調(diào)。

The curtains of the room are not quite in tunewith the style of the furniture

1、昨天半夜我聽到腳步聲在過道里回蕩，心里害怕極了。

I grew terribly scared when I heard sound of footsteps echoing round the hallway at midnight yesterday.2、這些名牌運(yùn)動鞋保穿12個月。

The name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12months.3、風(fēng)暴使交通運(yùn)輸陷入混亂。

Snowstorms threw communications and transportation into disorder.4、我最近工作壓力很大，我想去海邊度假。

I’ve been suffering a lot of stress from work lately, I feel like taking a vacation at the seaside.5、住公寓不錯，但有其局限——比如說，沒有自家花園。

Living in an apartment is all right, but it has its limitations---for example, you don’t have your own gardens.1、醫(yī)學(xué)專家就克隆人是否應(yīng)被允許及以及對社會有何潛在影響展開了辯論。Medical experts on human cloning should be allowed and as well as to the social implications of debate.2、當(dāng)?shù)匕俜种耸宓娜藫碛辛巳毠ぷ鳎挥邪俜种娜朔Q自己沒有工作。

Eighty-five percent local people have full-time jobs, only three percent said they did not work.3、我國相關(guān)部門將加快立法，保護(hù)農(nóng)民工的權(quán)利。

China's relevant departments will speed up the legislation, the protection of the rights of migrant workers.4、幾年來一些心理學(xué)家試圖從生物學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)解釋智力。

In recent years some psychologists try to explain intelligence from a biological point of view.5、世界金融危機(jī)對該國的出口工業(yè)產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。在僅僅六個月的時間里，許多工廠迫于情勢而關(guān)門歇業(yè)。

The world financial crisis has a great impact on the country's export industry.In just six months, many factories closed because of the situation.

第三篇：商務(wù)英語 短語詞組&句子翻譯 期末復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)!!必考!

短語詞組

Chapter 1 Management control 經(jīng)營管理Management by objective 目標(biāo)管理

Management competence 經(jīng)營才干

management inventory form 管理人才儲備表 Management of trades 行業(yè)管理

management principle 經(jīng)營方針 Management function 管理職能

resolve conflicts 解決矛盾

Set a goal 建立目標(biāo)

motivate subordinates 激勵下屬 Formulate plans 設(shè)立計(jì)劃

previously set goals 預(yù)定的目標(biāo) Controlling function 控制職能

communication channel 溝通渠道

Chapter 2 Job hunter 求職人員

job hopper 頻繁變換工作的人

Job orientation 崗位性質(zhì)

job responsibility system 崗位責(zé)任制 Job search 職業(yè)選擇

job vacancy 職位空缺 Job recruiting 招工

human resource 人力資源

Current assessment 現(xiàn)狀評估human resource inventory 人力資源狀況表 Job analysis 工作分析

job description 工作說明 Job specification 工作規(guī)范

jobholder 在職者 Potential candidates 潛在求職者

Chapter 3 Financial plan 財務(wù)計(jì)劃

cash inflows 現(xiàn)金流入 Cash outflows 現(xiàn)金流出

financial control 財務(wù)控制

Cash outlays 現(xiàn)金支出

cash over and short account 現(xiàn)金盈虧賬戶 Cash management service 現(xiàn)金管理服務(wù)

cash liquidity 現(xiàn)金流動情況 Financial manager 財務(wù)經(jīng)理

credit rating 信用評價 Checking account 活期賬戶

annual sales 年銷售額 Cash management 現(xiàn)金管理

payroll taxes 工薪稅 Bank account 銀行賬戶

excess funds 超額資金

Lock boxes銀行存款箱

controlled disbursement account 控制支付賬號 Interest-free loan 無息貸款

cost of goods sold 銷售產(chǎn)品成本 Work in process inventory 線上盤點(diǎn)

materials inventory 材料盤點(diǎn)

Finished goods available for sale 可銷售成品

depreciation廠房設(shè)備折舊

Chapter 4 Production and operation management(P/OM)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營管理

Product and service quality 產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)質(zhì)量

product quality assurance 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量保證 Product quality control 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量管理

product quality standard 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Product quality variance 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量差異

quality auditing system 質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)制度 Quality certificate 品質(zhì)證明書

quality checks 質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)

Total quality management 全面質(zhì)量管理

competitive pressure 競爭壓力

Quality improvement 質(zhì)量改進(jìn)

product promotion activities 產(chǎn)品促銷活動 R&D processes研制和開發(fā)過程

quality audit 質(zhì)量審核

Employee training 員工培訓(xùn)

group brainstorming 集思廣益 Top management 高級管理層

work flow 工作流程

Chapter 5 Marketing network 營銷網(wǎng)

marketing operating 營銷活動 Marketing agencies 銷售部門

marketing research 營銷調(diào)查

Marketing price 營銷價格

marketing intermediaries 銷售媒介 Marketing products 適銷產(chǎn)品

marketing variance 營銷預(yù)測差異 Marketing strategies 營銷策略

sales volume 銷售量

Prospective customers 潛在顧客

potential profitability 潛在利益性 Target market 目標(biāo)市場

total revenue 總收入 Personalized service 個性化服務(wù)

traffic flow 客流量

International market 國際市場

promotion strategies 促銷策略

Chapter 6 Central bank 中央銀行

investment bank 投資銀行

Commercial bank 商業(yè)銀行

correspondent bank 代理行，通知行 Bank acceptance 銀行承兌匯票

bank clearing 銀行票據(jù)交換 Bank copy 銀行對賬單

current account 活期存款賬戶 Deposit account 定期存款賬戶

electric banking 電子銀行業(yè)務(wù) Information processing system 信息處理系統(tǒng)

financial service 金融服務(wù) Account balance 賬戶結(jié)余

retail customer 小額客戶 Wire transfer 電匯

on-line service 在線服務(wù) Accounting system 記賬系統(tǒng)

personal computer 個人電腦 Transaction history 交易記錄

Chapter 7 Claim for damage 損失賠償要求

insurance certificate 保險憑證 Loss ratio 賠付率

insurance clause 保險條款 Insurance agent 保險代理人

insurance indemnities 保險賠償 Insurable risks 可保風(fēng)險

the insured 投保人 Insurer 承保人

premium 保費(fèi) Policy 保單

coverage 險種

Claim 索賠

policyholder 保單持有人 The deductible 絕對免賠額

Chapter 8 Blue chip 藍(lán)籌股（熱門股）

stockbroker 股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人 Growth share 增長股

defensive stock 防衛(wèi)性股 Stock management 股份經(jīng)營

joint-stock system 股份制度 Public company 股票公開上市公司

share worth 股票值 Equity finance 增股籌資

debt finance 舉債籌資 Stock exchange 股票交易所

stock index 股票指數(shù) Financial difficulty 財政困難

expected profitability 預(yù)期效益 The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500種股票價格綜合指數(shù) Dow Jones Industrial Average 道瓊斯工業(yè)股票價格平均指數(shù)

句子翻譯：

Chapter 1 1.Generally speaking, managers perform four basic management functions.(一般來說管理者應(yīng)履行四項(xiàng)基本職能)2.Organizations exist to achieve some purpose.(組織存在是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某一項(xiàng)目標(biāo))3.The textbook on management is organized around management functions.(管理類教科書是按管理的職能編排的)4.Management should be responsible for defining organization’s goals and establishing an overall strategy.(管理負(fù)責(zé)擬定機(jī)構(gòu)的目標(biāo)，制定全面策略)5.The leading function involves motivating subordinates, resolving conflicts among members and directing their actions.(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職能包括激勵下屬，解決員工間的糾紛，指揮他們的行動)6.The actual performance of the organization must be compared with the previously set goals.(組織的計(jì)劃實(shí)施情況必須與預(yù)先設(shè)定的目標(biāo)進(jìn)行比較)7.Once there are significant deviations, management should correct the organization’s performance.(如果一旦出現(xiàn)重大的偏差，管理者必須立即糾正機(jī)構(gòu)的行為)8.The controlling function is performed to ensure everything goes well in the organization.(履行控制職能以確保機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)一切正常運(yùn)行)Chapter 2 1.The information derived from a report provided by personnel department.(這個信息來自人事部提供的一份報告)2.Management is able to estimate shortage —— both in number and in type after it assessed the current status and future needs.(在對現(xiàn)狀和將來的需求進(jìn)行評估后管理可以估算在數(shù)量和類型上計(jì)算出缺少)3.A job specification is concerned with the knowledge skills and abilities needed to do a certain 4.5.job.(工作規(guī)范書關(guān)于做某項(xiàng)工作所需的知識、技術(shù)和能力)Management keeps its attention on human resource planning.(管理主要把注意力集中在人力資源計(jì)劃上)By keeping an inventory of an organization’s human resource, management will know what talents and skills resource are available in the firm.(通過保持組織的人力資源狀況表，管理者將會知道現(xiàn)在公司有什么樣的人才和技術(shù)資源)Employees can be interviewed individually or in a group.(員工可以單獨(dú)或集體接受面試)A job description and job specification assist managers in determining whether the candidates are qualified or not.(工作說明書和工作規(guī)范書協(xié)助管理者決定求職者是否合格)One of the methods for analyzing a job is to have employees record their daily activities in a diary or notebook.(分析工作其中一個方法是讓員工在日志或記錄本上記下他們的日常活動)6.7.8.Chapter 3 1.The salaries of the employees are paid in the form of cash.(員工的薪水是以現(xiàn)金形式支付的)2.One of the duties of financial management is to minimize the amount of cash.(財務(wù)經(jīng)理的其中一項(xiàng)職責(zé)是使現(xiàn)金數(shù)量減少到最低限額)3.Some amount of funds must be available to make interest payments due on loans.(一些資金一定要用以支付到期的貸款利息)4.Whether cash management is efficient or not makes a great difference between making money or losing it for the company.(現(xiàn)金管理是否有效率給公司的盈虧帶來很大的差異)5.Desktop computers give financial managers access to balance on bank account.(桌面電腦為財務(wù)經(jīng)理了解銀行賬戶的收支情況提供了渠道

6.Excess funds which are not earning interest can be moved instantly to investment.(沒有盈利的超額資金應(yīng)該移出到投資處)7.The president began paying attention to managing the company’s cash.(經(jīng)理開始留意管理公司的現(xiàn)金)8.The company with large annual sales only keeps 10,000 dollars in account.(有龐大年銷售額的公司只留一萬美元現(xiàn)金在賬上)Chapter 4 1.TQM is adopted by a growing number of companies.(全面質(zhì)量管理被越來越多的公司采用)2.Total quality management involves the organization in an all-out effort to improve quality.(全面質(zhì)量管理包括組織用盡全力去提高質(zhì)量)3.The objective of quality control is to provide products with higher and better quality for 4.5.6.7.8.customers.(質(zhì)量控制的目的是為顧客提供質(zhì)量更好更高的產(chǎn)品)Management rewards employees for their contribution to meeting the quality standards.(管理會為員工對符合質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而做的貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行獎勵)Some organizations encourage their employees to put their problem-solving techniques to practical work.(一些公司鼓勵它們的員工把解決問題的能力應(yīng)用于實(shí)際工作中)Representatives accepting training come from different divisions of the firm.(接受培訓(xùn)的代表們來自公司的各個部門)Every employee of the organization bears a major responsibility for quality improvement.(組織的每位員工對提高質(zhì)量負(fù)有重大責(zé)任)Three principles should be followed to implement total quality management.(實(shí)施全面質(zhì)量管理應(yīng)遵循三條基本原則)Chapter 5 1.The policies and activities of a company should be directed toward satisfying customer needs.(公司的政策和活動應(yīng)致力于滿足客戶需求)2.Successful marketing requires timely and relevant market information.(成功的營銷要求及時和相關(guān)的市場資訊)3.It’s important to keep up with competitor’s market strategies and make adjustment to one’s own.(跟上競爭營銷策略的步伐和調(diào)整自身的策略很重要)4.A good strategy helps a business focus on the target market it can serve best.(一個好的策略幫助企業(yè)專注于它所能最好服務(wù)的目標(biāo)市場)5.Good salesmanship is very important for small business because of their limited ability to spend on advertisement.(好的推銷技術(shù)對于小公司來說很重要因?yàn)槠淠苡糜趶V告的花費(fèi)是有限的)6.Working through established distribution agents generally is easiest for manufacturers.(通過已有的經(jīng)銷商或代理商工作對制造廠來說是很簡單的)7.Location is not so important for products which customers are willing to go out of their way to find.(地理位置對于產(chǎn)品來說不是那么重要因?yàn)轭櫩驮敢赓M(fèi)力尋找的)8.To make sure business is running healthy on track, entrepreneurs should audit their company’s performance at least quarterly each year.(為了確保企業(yè)在健康的軌道上運(yùn)行，企業(yè)家們應(yīng)當(dāng)每個季度審核公司的運(yùn)行情況)Chapter 6 1.Electronic banking refers to process by which a customer may perform banking transactions electronically without visiting a physical institution.(電子銀行指的是顧客電子地處理金融交易而不是去實(shí)體機(jī)構(gòu)的過程)2.Both large and small banking institutions are now offering a variety of Internet based financial service.(大小金融機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在都有提供各種基于因特網(wǎng)的金融服務(wù))3.Other organizations may choose to expand their customers base to wider only a geographic area by accepting on-line applications for loan and deposit products.(其他組織也許會通過接受在線貸款和儲蓄的申請?jiān)诟嗟牡貐^(qū)拓展客戶)4.Only a very small number of banking organizations are focusing on the Internet as their primary delivery channel.(只有極少數(shù)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)潛心于將因特網(wǎng)作為首要的交付途徑來發(fā)展)These services specially include payroll, automated clearing and wire transfer.(這些服務(wù)專門包括的自動結(jié)算服務(wù)和電匯服務(wù))Transactions initiated through this system are processed by a separate Internet banking application and periodically sent to the institution’s general ledger, deposit and loan accounting system.(交易啟動后，由單獨(dú)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融機(jī)構(gòu)程序進(jìn)行處理并定時將結(jié)果傳送至金融機(jī)構(gòu)的總賬、儲蓄和貸款的記賬系統(tǒng)中)Telephone banking generally allows customers to check account balances transactions and pay bills through voice response system.(電話銀行業(yè)務(wù)允許客戶通過語音應(yīng)答系統(tǒng)查詢賬戶結(jié)余)E-banking can improve a bank’s efficiency and competitiveness.(電子銀行業(yè)務(wù)能提高銀行的效率和競爭力)5.6.7.8.Chapter 7 1.Insurance companies must gather a great deal of information before setting premiums.(保險公司在設(shè)置保險金額前必須收集大量信息)2.The amount of the premium for a specific type of risk is mainly based on the possible losses that may occur in the future.(一個具體類型的風(fēng)險所保的保險總額主要以將來可能出現(xiàn)的損失為依據(jù))3.Insurers will decide which risks to insure.(投保人將決定保哪些險種)4.Insurance companies do not count on paying for a single policyholder’s losses out of the premium paid by that particular policyholder.(保險公司不會指望支付某個投保人由一個普通保單持有人所買下的超出保險金額的損失買單)5.Most insurance companies are not likely to consider issuing this sort of insurance.(大多數(shù)保險公司不可能考慮發(fā)行這種保險)6.Insurance companies are not willing to pay out on all policies at the same time.(保險公司不愿意同時賠付所有的保單)7.Unemployment threatens so many people, so unemployment insurance is wildly easy to come by.(失業(yè)威脅著許多人，所以失業(yè)保險被通常很容易獲得)8.Losses resulting from deliberate actions of the insured are not covered in this policy.(因投保人的故意行為所造成的損失不在這項(xiàng)保單所保的范圍之內(nèi))Chapter 8 1.Companies wishing to raise more money for expansion can issue more shares.(希望籌集更多資金的公司可以發(fā)行更多的股票)2.Stockholders trade shares on stock exchange.(股票持有人在股票交易所交易股票)3.The Dow Jones Industrial Average is based on the prices of the stocks of 30 major US companies.(道瓊斯工業(yè)股票價格平均指數(shù)是以30個主要的美國公司的股票價格為基礎(chǔ)的)The company has run into the financial difficulty for its poor management.(這個公司因?yàn)樗麄冐毞Φ墓芾矶龅搅素斦щy)The prices of shares on stock exchange are determined by the supply and demand in these companies.(股票交易所的股票價格是由這些公司的股票供求關(guān)系所決定的)Compared to bonds, stocks offer the holder higher risks and potentially higher return.(與證券相比，股票在提供高風(fēng)險的同時也潛在地提供了高收益)The company sells bonds to finance the new project.(這個公司通過賣證券來自助這一新項(xiàng)目)When people expect that a company will have little profit, the price of the company’s stock will fall.(當(dāng)人們預(yù)期到這個公司將會有很少的盈利時，該公司的股價就會下跌)4.5.6.7.8.簡答

1.Four basic management functions: planning organizing leading controlling.2.Current assessment includes: generating a human resource inventory and making a job analysis.3.The difference between job description and job specification: Job description describes job content, environment, and conditions of employment.It focuses on the job.Job specification focuses on the person.It defines the knowledge, skills and abilities needed to perform the job effectively.4.Five methods for analyzing a job: the observation method, interview, the use of questionnaire, the use of technical conference and daily activity recording.5.How can a financial manager minimize a firm’s needs? And to what extent? Pay bills as late as possible and collect money owed to the firm as quick as possible as long as they do not damage the firm’s credit rating or cost more than they save.6.The controlled disbursement account: refers to a system that lets a firm know how many checks and in what amounts will clear what banks at what time.7.Three principles of TQM: the objective of quality control is to achieve constant and continual improvement in quality;the focus of quality improvement is on every process in the organization;employees bear a major responsibility for quality improvement.8.Four elements in implementing TQM: communicating the need for quality, training employees in the skills and knowledge of quality, securing employee involvement in quality, rewarding for quality.9.What is the quality audit and why is it conducted? It refers to a careful study of every factor that affects quality in an activity or in process.It is conducted to identify quality problems and discover new ways to improve quality.10.Marketing works primarily on two principles: all company policies and strategies should be directed toward satisfying customer needs.Profitable sales volume is more important than maximum sales volume.11.The main functions of marketing research:(1)To uncover dissatisfaction or possible new products or services.(2)To identify trends that affect sales and profitability.(3)To identify problems and opportunities.(4)To keep up with competitor’s market strategies.12.Four components of marketing program: product and service, promotion, pricing and distribution.13.E-banking services comprise personal computer banking through traditional proprietary communication channels, retail and corporate Internet banking services, telephone banking, and potentially other forms of remote electronic access to banking services.14.Why do more and more financial institutions eager to adopt e-banking? Because e-banking can improve a bank’s efficiency and competitiveness, existing and potential customers can benefit from a greater degree of convenience in effecting transaction.This increased level of convenience, when combined with new services, can expand the bank’s target customers beyond those in traditional markets.15.The deductible: the insurance company will pay only that part of a loss greater than an amount stated in the policy.It represents small losses that the insured has agreed to absorb.16.Stock indexes reflect future economic conditions.17.When people become optimistic about a company’s future, the price of a share of the stock rises;when people come to expect a company to have little profit or even losses, the price of a share fails.

第四篇：大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語綜合教程3課文翻譯

My dream is to become a painter，to study hard is the key to success，I like to see good art documentary, accept the edification of the art, to improve the professional skills, to my dreams我的夢想是成為一個畫家,努力學(xué)習(xí)是成功的關(guān)鍵，我喜歡看優(yōu)秀的美術(shù)記錄片，接受藝術(shù)的熏陶，努力提高我的專業(yè)技能，以實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想

I'm from Fijian province fuqing city, Although it is the coastal cities, but our house at the foot of the mountain, the distance from the sea, we still have an hour drive from the hometown of the green good, and the fresh air 我來自福建省福清市，雖然是沿海城市，但我們家在山腳下，距離海還有半個小時車程，我們家鄉(xiāng)的綠化很好，空氣很清新

It's wonderful.I have made lots of friends here and learned to take care of myself well.And I can learn knowledge from all areas.Teachers and friends all taught me so much.And I really like the library, where is full of the study atmosphere.這真棒。我有很多朋友在這里,學(xué)會自己照顧自己。我可以學(xué)到知識的所有領(lǐng)域。所有的老師和朋友們教給了我那么多。我真的很喜歡圖書館,哪里是完整的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍

I think she is a very lovely girl, her usual learning seriously。She is very attached to painting, in order to reach her dream, do a painter我覺得她是個很可愛的女孩，她平時學(xué)習(xí)很認(rèn)真她非常執(zhí)著于畫畫，以達(dá)成她的夢想，做一名畫家

I think he is a pretty cool of boys，He learning attitude easily, He seems to like singing, and sing well我覺得他是個蠻酷的男生，他的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度挺輕松他好像喜歡唱歌，而且唱得不錯 Though my English is not good but I like English, because I like to listen to English songs, watch Hollywood movies雖然我英語不好但是我挺喜歡英語的，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g聽英文歌曲，看好萊塢電影

大學(xué)生活A(yù) :What is your feeling toward your life in university? B: It's wonderful.I have made lots of friends here and learned to take care of myself well.A: Well, can you learn knowledge all by yourself? B: Of course not.The knowledge is from all areas.Teachers and friends all taught me so much.And I really like the library, where is full of the study atmosphere.A: OK.When I heard your introduction of your life and study in university, I’d like to have a look on my own.B: Wish you lucky.你的感覺是怎樣的大學(xué)生活A(yù):向你的生活在大學(xué)嗎? 那太好了。我有很多朋友在這里,學(xué)會自己照顧自己。

好的,你能學(xué)到知識都是你自己做的嗎? 當(dāng)然不應(yīng)該。知識來自各個領(lǐng)域。他們所有的老師和朋友們教我那么多。我真的很喜歡圖書館,那里滿是學(xué)習(xí)氛圍。

A: Now, today we will talk about friendship.What do you think about friendship? B: Everyone needs friendship.No one can sail the ocean of life single handed.We need help from, and also give help to, others.A: Yes, I agree with you.In the modern age, people attach more importance to relations and connections.A man of charisma has many friends.His power lies in his ability to give.B: The term, friend, can be a nodding acquaintance, a comrade, a partner, a playmate, a brother, an intimate etc.A: True friends share not only joy but, more often than not, they share sorrow.B: Yes!Without friendship, our life is hostile , unfortunate and meaningless.A: To many of my friends, I know what to treasure, what to tolerate and what to share, I will never forget my old friends and keep making new friends.I will not be cold and indifferent to the poor friends and will show concern for them.現(xiàn)在,今天我們要討論的是友誼。你怎么看待友誼?

乙:人人都需要友誼。沒有人能駕駛單手生命的大海。我們需要幫助,也在幫助別人,。是的,我同意你的看法。在當(dāng)今時代,人們更重視關(guān)系和聯(lián)系。一個魁力非凡的人有許多朋友。他的力量在于他的奉獻(xiàn)能力。

乙:這個詞的朋友可以是點(diǎn)頭之交、同志、伙伴、玩伴、一個弟弟,一個親密的等。答:真正的朋友不僅與我們同甘,而且共苦。

是的!沒有友誼,我們的生活充滿敵意,不幸而無意義。

答:我的許多朋友,我知道該珍惜什么,容忍什么,分享,我決不會忘記老朋友,保持結(jié)交新朋友。我將不會冷,對可憐的朋友,關(guān)心他們。

I want a clone of myself.Because if I cloned myself one day.I would let him do a lot of work for me.I would be relaxed.We could talk each other and help each other.After all, two heads are more clever than one.If he did something wrong , I would think of myself and avoid doing the wrong things.Above all , I find it interesting

我想要一個克隆自己。因?yàn)槿绻铱寺∽约旱囊惶臁Ｎ医兴隽舜罅康墓ぷ?我將會輕松。我們可以說話,互相幫助?畢竟,三個臭皮匠,更聰明。如果他做錯了,我想我自己和我的避免做錯誤的事情.Dave and Peter are college classmates as well as good friends.They are talking about a trip in summer（Dave和Peter是同學(xué)同時也是很好的朋友，他們在討論關(guān)于暑假的旅行）

Dave: Peter, we have been working very hard the whole school year.Don’t you think we need a nice summer vacation?

（Peter，我們努力學(xué)習(xí)了一整學(xué)年啦.你不覺得我們需要一個很棒的暑假嗎？）

Peter: Absolutely.I am planning a trip for my summer vacation.Do you want to join me?(當(dāng)然，我有一個暑期旅行。你想和我一起嗎？)Dave: Why not? I’d love to go with you.(為什么不呢？我當(dāng)然愿意.)Peter: Great!But I can't make up my mind as to which city we should go.It is really hard to decide

(太好了！但我不知道該去哪座城市。這是真的很難作出決定。)Dave: Hehehe...decision, what’ you’re your mind right now?(呵呵呵呵,去哪兒呢,去哪兒呢，你怎么想的？)Dave: I went to Suzhou last year.I had very bad experiences there.The taxi drivers were rude.The hotel services were lousy and the food was...(我去年去過蘇州了。我有非常糟糕的經(jīng)歷。粗魯?shù)某鲎廛囁緳C(jī)。差勁的酒店服務(wù)和食品還.Peter: all right, forget Suzhou then.How about Hangzhou and Yangzhou?(好吧，忘掉蘇州把。杭州和揚(yáng)州如何？)Peter: you are right.I really hate to go to a scenery packed with people.We can always pick a better time to go to Hangzhou.right?

(你是對的。我真的不想去到處都擠滿了人的風(fēng)景區(qū)。我們還能挑一個更好的時間去杭州,對吧.)Dave: absolutely(當(dāng)然。).Peter: so I will book the tickets and the hotel right now.(那么我現(xiàn)在就訂機(jī)票和酒店了。)

Dave: Thank you so much, Peter!What shall I do?(非常感謝，Peter！我現(xiàn)在做什么？)Peter: Nothing.Just get ready and relax.(什么都不用。只要做好準(zhǔn)備和放輕松就好了。)Dave: I can’t wait for this trip.(我都迫不及待了。)

Peter: me neither.I’ ll let you know, Ok?(我也是。到時候叫你，好嗎？)Dave: Ok.Bye.Take care.(好的。拜拜。小心點(diǎn)。)Peter: You, too.寫作 Hello,now I want to talk about you.we are writing to introuduce a produce.It is useful to you.we completely make goood use of do some things.In order to do it,we do our best finish make it.however we mkae research from all kinds of people.many people think it important to them.If it is widely all over the world,the world can commmunicate in different country.every people may improve friendship.I think we all hope it.so the produce have a importance.In technical development,our life better and better.we have enough money to buy it.Becauce society make marketing strategy,the price is low.選擇題 the maket____B until interview__C that inourcity for__C another the train for beijing__C leaves a __ woman D mature the proposal_A being discussed

his___style C casual 8 is no evidence_B that related_D to

weather will _B persist

填空題

(pay)___payment___

(interview)____were interviewed___

(be)___be__

(conduct)___conducted___

if I(be)___were __you Iwill study hard

(responsible)___responsibility__

(injure)____injured___

(accept)___to accept__

(quick)___quickly___

(weak)___weakness__

閱讀理解 we need to plan ahead in order to __B better organize our activitier strategic times are.........._____C study efficiently which of the following could be used as a motiation to do our assignments?B Any activities we are eager to do what can help us to keep refreshed throughout day?B takeing a short nap in the afternoon which of the following could be the best tille...? A study habits and time management this quide is intended to help people to____ B start a new small business what are most important for a business to survive? D petermination and originality 3 what does the word forewarn mean?

C advise beforehand what kind of.......as small in the UK?

A those with fewer than 50....more information...is available by___ B linking to other..._______print____ your name......to be included 1)____address__

2)_____email___

not be included 1)___infomation__ such as

2)____a photograph what is the brand of the apple....?

Great wall Brand S 30000

[US3000] when will the good be shipped..?

August 2009 what are the terms of payment?

By letter of credit where....?

Vancourer canada

搭配題

現(xiàn)金價格_____ cash price___ 銷售合同___sales contract

到達(dá)港___port of arrival

供貨合同supply agreement 逾期付款 late payment

索賠通知 note of claim

貿(mào)易協(xié)定 trade agreement

信用證 letter of credit

固定價格 fixed...即行裝運(yùn)prompt shipment 翻譯1A錯的2C錯的3B錯的4D錯的

一：選擇題

1.The new drug will not be put on the market B it has proved sage on humans.A.if

B.until

C.since D when

2.It was because of his good performance at the interview C he got the job with the big company.A.so

B.what

C..that

D.while

3.Our company is visitors decided to stay in our city for C two days as they wanted to have a look around.A.oter B.the other C, another D.other's 4.According to the time table, the rain for Beijing

C

at 9:10pm.from Monday to Friday.A.was leaving B.is leaving C.leaves D.has left 5.Although she is only 14,she looks like a D woman, beautiful and full in figure.A.ripe B.grown C.big D.mature

6.The proposal

at the meeting now is of great importance department.A.being discussed B.to be discussing C.having discussed D.discussing 7.When he patted her on the shoulder, she was very upset at his

B style.A.where B.that C.which D.how

9.It is reasonable for people to pursue a career in frelds related B there favorite hobbies.A.pleserve

B.pelsrst C.insist D.endure 二．填空題 1.Nowadays，electronic（pay）

payment

in a more convenment way to pay for purchase than cash and checks.2.Most of the high school students who（interview）

were

interviewed

yesterday believed that they should continue with then education.3.It is important that he

was

（be）called back ……

4.According to the survey(conduct)

conducted

recently ,52% of American business people booked then business travel online last year.5.If I(be)

were

you ,I will study hard.6.It is the(responsible)

responsibility

of the human resources department to employ new staff members.7.It was reported that the(injure)

injured

people were taken to the hospital immediately after the accident.8.The bank refused(accept)

to accept

my application for the loan because they weren’t convinced by my business plan.10.It is important to realize how（quick）

quickly

this disease can spread over the globe.三.閱讀理解。

1.（內(nèi)容：只是一點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，文章的第一句）College is a place to explorer many possibilities，you really can't do it all----unless you manage your time wisely……………….（問題）（1）.We need to plan ahead in order to ? B

B.better organize our activities

（2）Strategic times are best for to？

C C．study

sfficiently

（3）Which of the following could be used as a motivation to do our assignments ？

B B．Any activities we're eager to do

(5).Which of the following could be the best little for the article ? A.Study Habits and Time Management.2.Welcome to our small business set－up guide,providing all the information you…….1.This guide is intended to help people to ＿＿……… 答案：start a nem small business.（下同）

2.What are most important for a business to surrive?

Determination and orginality.3.What does the word “forewarn”mean?

Advise beforehand.4.What kind of businesses are regard as “small”in the UK?

Those with fevrer than 50 empcoyees.5.More information about how to start a small………

Linking to other relevant articles.3.閱讀理解 三

How to write contact details in your CV? Print your name in lage letters…………… Top of page:(Print)your name inlarge letters To be in cluded:1.(address)

2.(email)

3.mobile phone number Not to be included:1.(personal information),such as......2.(Include a photograph)unless it is requested.5.五

Sale

contract No:SC～3 Done and signed in Beijing on this 4th day...A 1.What is the brand of the Apple Jam? 答案：Great wall Brand(下同)2.What is the total value of the contract? Us ＄30.00.3.When will the goods be shipped?

Auyust 2009.4.What are the terms of payment? By letter of credit.5.Where are the goods to be sent to?

Vancouver Canada.翻譯題

Trade agreement貿(mào)易協(xié)定

Cash price現(xiàn)金價格 Sales contract銷售合同

Port of arvival到達(dá)港 Supply agreement供貨合同

Late panyment逾期付款 Note of claim索賠通知

Letter of credit信用證

Fixed price固定價格

Prompt shipment即期轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn) 翻譯句子

1.When exporting goods,it is essential to arrange in surance cover in case the goods are lost or damaged in transit.當(dāng)出口商品,它是必要的安排在surance蓋萬一貨物在運(yùn)輸途中丟失或損壞。2.If we do not receive payment by the end of this month, we will have no alternative but to take legal action.如果我們沒有收到付款到這個月底,我們將別無選擇只好采取法律行動。

3.Party B has the right to cancel the contract with a written notice to party Aunder the following conditions.乙方有權(quán)解除合同,一份書面通知乙方有下列情形Aunder 4.I have already given instructions for the tash to be taken up firit.我已經(jīng)給予了說明,對tash firit挪開。

作文句型（應(yīng)該為寫信形式的作文，注意寫信的格式）1.This is to introduce that……

2.We have great pleasure in introducing to you,by this letter,Ms/Miss/Ms……..3.Thsnk you fou the trouble you will have to take for…….4.We are writing to introduce that……..5.I am looking for ward to hearing frow you soon ……… 6.yours sincerely..一，單選； 1.1,without 2,while 3,unless 4,will find 5,whose 1.6,so 7,finish 8,shocked 9,at 10,That 1.二，填空；

1.1，complaint 2,brought 3,rebuilt 4,correcting 5,heavily 1.6,advanced 7,occasionly 8.were interviewed 9,lost 1.10,will be discussed 1.三，閱讀；

1.A篇；1，C bosses determine your career future 1.2, C being promoted in position 1.3, A do your best in your work 1.4, D effective communcation 1.5, B Hoe to get along with your boss 1.B篇；1，A Help poor people 1.2, B find out where infection 1.3, D small and medium-sized business 1.4, D conduct studies relatedn to climate changes 1.5, A Google's........1.四；閱讀填空

1.1,fastened 2,on the ground 1.3,during the flight 4,video programs 1.5,Northern China 1.問答題

1.1，the after-sales manage 1.2, a lawyer 1.3, Employment service office 1.4, 1June 10 1.5, automatically with drawn 1.五；搭配

1.A------air traffic control system B------armed police 1.C------crime prevention D------entry requirement 1.E------international criminal police organization F------level of security 1.G------picket line H------police station 1.I------patrolling vehicle J------safety precaution measure 1.K------safety control device L------safety command center 1.M------security service N------security control center 1.O------security personnel P------valid documents 1.Q------security monitoring and control 1.(A)空中交通管制系統(tǒng)（J）安全預(yù)防措施 1.（I）巡邏車

（B）武裝警察 1.（E）國際刑警組織

（P）有效證件 1.（D）入境要求

（O）安保人員 1.（F）安全保障級別（Q）安全監(jiān)控 1.六；翻譯

1.1.If either party wants to renew the contract, it should submit a written notice to the other party three months prior to the expiration of the contract.1.D）如果任何一方希望續(xù)簽合同，必須在合同期滿前三個月書面通知對方。2.2.2.There is no sign that the world economic crisis will lessen in the next few months, although a certain degree of recover is in sight.2.C)盡管已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)出一定程度的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，但沒有跡象表明世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)在未來幾個月會緩減。3.3.3）Most of the issues conserning personnel management have been solved satisfactorily;only a few of secondary importance remain to be discussed.3.B）大多數(shù)有關(guān)人事管理問題已經(jīng)得到圓滿解決，只剩下幾個次要的問題還有待于討論。4.4.4.Only in this way can Chinese enterprises improve their competitiveness and avoid being defeated by their foreign rivals after China`s entry into the WTO.4.A）只有這個方法才能幫助中國企業(yè)去參加競爭，避免在加入世茂組織后被其他國外對手所擊敗 5.。

5.參考譯文：

我們是下午2:00舉行的中每個房間的教學(xué)樓205班同學(xué)在下周一監(jiān)察會議上，11月30日。本次會議的主題是“如何提高我們的英語口語”。請你就如何練習(xí)英語口語，告訴什么問題，你的同學(xué)正面臨一種你的想法。你可以說你在學(xué)習(xí)英語，或者你可以做什么來幫助你的同學(xué)取得進(jìn)步的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。您的寶貴意見和建議歡迎。請準(zhǔn)備好，并及時到。沒有人是不存在。學(xué)生會Nov.25，2009 6.7.June 20th.2010 Dear Madam or Sir: nowadys , the cellphone has become very popular among people.accourding to a recent survey conducted by CCTV , the past five years has witnessed a sharp increase in the number of people who get to an astonishing number of 18,784,627,000.so i am writing to you in the hope that I may get a new cellphone,as all we know, at recent times,our cellphone are changed sharp fast,i thought my celephone had been out of style early , so i conclude to get a new one.would you like to tell me some informationsuch as the qualities,functions and so on , of course , you should keep in mind that is really suit for me.i sincerely hope you can give me a hand!i look forward to yourreply!--yours sincerely

第五篇：大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語綜合教程3課文翻譯

Unit1 蛙的故事

最近發(fā)生了幾樁怪事兒。

我在北威斯康星州的樹林中有一座小木屋。是我親手搭建的，前面還有一間花房。住在里面相當(dāng)愜意。實(shí)際上我是在戶外做音頻制作和環(huán)境方面的工作--作為干這一行的工具，我還裝備了一間帶電腦的工作室。

還有一只樹蛙也在我的工作室中住了下來。

去年十一月，我第一次驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)他（只是這樣稱呼罷了，事實(shí)上我并不知道該稱“他”還是“她”）坐在電腦的音箱上。我把他放到花房里去，認(rèn)為他呆在那兒會更舒服一些。可他又跑回來呆在原地。很快我就習(xí)慣了有他做伴，清晨我上網(wǎng)查收郵件和閱讀新聞的時候，他也在一旁關(guān)注這個世界。

可上周，我突然對這個爬上爬下的 “小綠人或小灰人”產(chǎn)生了好奇心。

于是有一天，我正在工作室里干活，電腦嗡嗡作響。當(dāng)樹蛙從我面前爬過時，我不得不停止工作。他停下了并轉(zhuǎn)過身來，坐在那兒看著我。好吧，我也干脆停下來望著他。五個月了，他一直這樣陪著我。我突然有一股強(qiáng)烈的欲望想了解他：為什么他要呆在這兒而不樂意呆在花房里？我認(rèn)為對樹蛙來說，花房顯然要舒適得多。

“你為什么呆在這兒？”我情不自禁地問他。

我目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地盯著他，他也直視著我。然后我聽到一種叮咚聲。這種聲音似乎一下子就進(jìn)入了我的大腦中樞，因?yàn)樗碗娔X里發(fā)出來的聲音十分接近。在那個聲音里我聽到樹蛙對我“說”：“因?yàn)槲蚁胱屇忝靼住薄｀。豢伤甲h了。“明白什么？”我腦海中突然跳出了這個問題。然后經(jīng)過短暫的體驗(yàn)這種交流之后，我覺得我已經(jīng)理解了樹蛙待在這兒的原因。我開始理解樹蛙只是想聽到其他同類的叫聲并并與之交流。或許他誤以為計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)出的聲音就是其他樹蛙在呼喚他。

真是有趣。

我繼續(xù)工作。我正在寫一個關(guān)于全球氣候變化的故事。有個朋友剛好發(fā)過來一份傳真，說地球的溫度正以每十年1.9度的速度上升。我知道，照這種速度下去，每年春天我都愛去提取樹漿的這片楓林，到我孩子的那一代就將不復(fù)存在。我的故鄉(xiāng)美麗的威斯康星州也會在下一代變成一片草原。

此刻，樹蛙從我腳背跳過去站在電腦前的地板上。然后他伸出手來從后面攏起左耳凝神傾聽，接著他又站在電腦前伸出右手?jǐn)n起另一支耳朵。他這樣轉(zhuǎn)動著腦袋，聆聽那個聲音，非常專心致志。他的皮膚起了微妙的變化，呈現(xiàn)出一種亮麗的綠色，然后他就用盡全力跳到電腦上。

我猛然想起去年在收音機(jī)里聽到的一則關(guān)于青蛙的消息，說是全世界的青蛙正在死亡。消息說因?yàn)榍嗤艿钠つw就像是一個內(nèi)里朝外的肺，所以正在受到污染和全球氣候變化的影響。據(jù)說已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)有些青蛙的皮膚已變得像紙一樣干癟。還說青蛙是一個“物種指示器”，由于對環(huán)境敏感，這個物種會先遭滅頂之災(zāi)。

這時我明白了。

青蛙向我們傳遞了一個信息。一些頭腦清醒的人士也曾向我們傳遞過同樣的信息，那就是“我們別無選擇。”我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了關(guān)鍵時刻，為了人類的子孫后代，也為青蛙，我們必須對這個星球負(fù)起主人的責(zé)任。

因?yàn)槲覀冃萜菹嚓P(guān)。

我還明白了我們之間沒有界限，明白了時間的緊迫。

為了我們的親人，我們必須馬上行動起來。

于是我明白了這只青蛙此行的目的，也知道自己在這兒該做些什么。

Unit4

且慢，神奇醫(yī)生

塞韋里諾·安蒂諾里是一個富有的意大利醫(yī)生，在他名下有一連串治療不育癥的私人診所。他喜歡觀看足球比賽，自稱為天主教的忠實(shí)信徒，然而梵蒂岡對他的研究卻不感興趣。

在他的診所里，安蒂諾里已能給患者提供天下所有的試管受精治療，但對某些夫婦，他仍然無能為力。因此，這個被意大利人稱作神奇醫(yī)生的人現(xiàn)在打算克隆患者本人來幫助他們得到迫切想要的孩子。

當(dāng)然這就引起了軒然大波，宗教領(lǐng)袖群起而攻之，認(rèn)為這是對人類尊嚴(yán)的玷污，同時其他科學(xué)家也出來抨擊他的克隆計(jì)劃。盡管在此之前安蒂諾里已多次提到過他的遠(yuǎn)大志向，但這次不同的是他好像是要動真格的了。與安蒂諾里志趣相投的美國科學(xué)家加入了他的克隆冒險試驗(yàn)。上周在羅馬舉行的一次新聞發(fā)布會上，他們宣布已有上百對夫婦自愿成為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象。

七年前，安蒂諾里由于使用捐贈的卵子幫助高齡婦女成功生育，頓時名聲大噪。隨后，他率先使用老鼠為生殖力低下的男子培育精子。很顯然，他不是一位普通的科學(xué)家，而是一個愛出風(fēng)頭的人。他靠論爭而成名，并將生殖學(xué)推到了極限。為此他便理所當(dāng)然地被視為危險人物。

然而，他利用克隆技術(shù)來戰(zhàn)勝不育癥的想法并不是想象的那樣不可理喻。很多人還難以理解利用克隆進(jìn)行生育的意義，但對某些夫婦而言，他們想要一個攜帶自己基因的孩子，克隆技術(shù)是他們唯一的希望。就這點(diǎn)而言，與安迪諾瑞觀點(diǎn)一致的科學(xué)家或許是正確的，他們指出我們沒有充分的理由來反對作為醫(yī)療手段的克隆生育技術(shù)。將來我們也許會改變觀點(diǎn)并允許在特殊的情況下使用克隆技術(shù).但前提條件是要等到科學(xué)發(fā)展成熟之后，而這才是問題的實(shí)質(zhì)。克隆羊多利出生五年了，克隆技術(shù)卻一直見不到曙光。克隆的失敗率令人震驚，高達(dá)97%，畸形嬰兒屢見不鮮。即使克隆成功了，也無人能理解其究竟。所以我們先別去爭論復(fù)雜的倫理道德。在最基本問題得到澄清之前就開展人體克隆，簡直就是浪費(fèi)時間和精力。

這并不是說安蒂諾里定會失敗，問題僅僅在于即使他成功了，代價也許會高得讓人難以接受。將會浪費(fèi)大量的卵子和胚胎，很多婦女將經(jīng)歷懷孕的艱難過程，而結(jié)果卻是流產(chǎn)或墮胎。從現(xiàn)在算起幾年以后，技術(shù)將會有長足的進(jìn)步，無謂的損失就會極大地降低。然而，在現(xiàn)階段要想阻止生育克隆，似乎任何人對此都幾乎無能為力。

這不僅僅是安蒂諾里和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)熱衷于這項(xiàng)研究，還有一個叫做雷利安的宗教組織相信克隆是實(shí)現(xiàn)永生的關(guān)鍵，并聲稱已經(jīng)擁有了必要的卵子捐贈者和自愿接受移植胚胎的人。

那末，制定更加嚴(yán)厲的法律又將如何呢？雖然目前在很多國家移植克隆的人類胚胎是非法的，但是絕不是所有的地方都會禁止。禁止克隆很有可能會使其轉(zhuǎn)入地下，而不是將其根除。因?yàn)槊孛苎芯繒饐栴}，安蒂諾里和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)拒絕透露他們將把哪個國家作為研究基地。不管人們喜歡與否，克隆研究仍將進(jìn)行下去。遲早我們將要做出抉擇：對克隆研究進(jìn)行規(guī)范是否比強(qiáng)行禁止更為有利。

當(dāng)然安蒂諾里會主張對克隆進(jìn)行規(guī)范。他相信人們定會擺脫由克隆生育帶來的情感沖突，將其作為另一種試管受精技術(shù)，這只是時間上的問題。上周他說道，一旦第一個克隆嬰兒呱呱墜地，全世界一定會歡迎他的到來。

但是，如果第一個克隆嬰兒不健康、畸形，或者只是千百個克隆胎兒中的唯一幸存者，世界絕不會接受他。過早搶先開始克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)，神奇醫(yī)生和他的同事們的確面臨著極大的風(fēng)險。如果他們的直覺出錯，對克隆技術(shù)乃至對整個科學(xué)事業(yè)的沖擊將是災(zāi)難性的。

Unit5 無言以對

幾周前我乘坐出租車，司機(jī)通過后視鏡看著我說：“對不起，小姐，能幫個忙嗎？”

精明老練的城里人都知道，對諸如“能幫個忙嗎？”這樣的問題，回答永遠(yuǎn)應(yīng)該是“那要看是什么忙了。”而我卻高聲地說：“當(dāng)然可以。”

“謝謝！”他說，并向后排座遞過來一張黃紙條。

我盯著紙條，疑心頓起：難道他在開玩笑？抑或是威脅？紙條上是手寫的工工整整幾個小字：proverb，peculiar，idiomatic。

“請問，這幾個字是什么意思？”

我沮喪地看著紙條上的字，就好像在晚會上你盯著幾個以前曾經(jīng)見過的面孔，卻怎么也想不起他們的名字。Proverb？Peculiar？Idiomatic？我怎么會知道？會用一個詞是一回事兒，會解釋可是另外一回事兒。于是我故意轉(zhuǎn)移話題。

“這些字是哪兒來的？”

司機(jī)解釋說他是巴基斯坦人，開車時喜歡聽收音機(jī)，經(jīng)常把不熟悉的、精彩的詞隨手記下來，然后向乘客詢問他們的意思和拼法。

“Peculiar，這個詞什么意思？”他問。

這個我知道。“指奇特、古怪，經(jīng)常帶點(diǎn)兒懷疑的意味，”我說。

“謝謝您，小姐。那么，idiomatic呢？”

我清清嗓子，說：“嗯，它是指，嗯，它是語言的一種獨(dú)特運(yùn)用。”

我自以為“獨(dú)特”一詞用得很妙，他卻一臉的迷惑。這是在提示我，如果對方?jīng)]有明白，這詞兒就不能算用得妙。

“啊，這么說吧，idiomatic和idiom有關(guān)，而idiom是指一個國家的某一特定地區(qū)或一個民族的某一特定人群使用的詞，該地區(qū)以外的人，不屬于這個群體的人一般不用或不明白它的用法。”

看著他迷惑不解的樣子，我不知用什么恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~才好，只好繼續(xù)解釋下去，似乎一千個模糊的詞加起來可以等于一個準(zhǔn)確的定義。

“你能舉個例子嗎？”

我絞盡腦汁地想：“圍觀塞車，”這是個獨(dú)特的芝加哥慣用語。

可這算得上名副其實(shí)的慣用語嗎？我不得而知。我越想慣用語，就越?jīng)]有把握說清楚慣用語到底是什么？

“那么proverb呢？”

我本該當(dāng)時就告訴這個可憐的人，我的解釋也許會誤導(dǎo)他對諺語真正含義的理解，但我卻說：“我覺得諺語就是一種警語，但又不完全是。”

“一種什么？”

“算了，別管它，諺語是給人們以警示的短小精悍的句子。”

“比如說……”

當(dāng)我在腦海里拼命地搜索時，記價器上的數(shù)字又跳了20美分。最后我低聲說：“欲速則不達(dá)？”

但它算是諺語嗎？且慢，諺語是否應(yīng)該是些小故事而并非短語呢？我還在掂量諺語可能就是小故事時，他又問：“那慣用語是諺語嗎？”

這我可以回答，但不是在此時。因?yàn)榇藭r這一回答至關(guān)重要，一個好奇聰明的外國移民以為他所期待的答案會從一個本國人的口中自然而然地脫口而出，就好像十月的樹葉會自然地落下來一樣。因此我退卻了。

“你請乘客給你解釋詞意的時候，他們大多都會給你答案嗎？”

“會的，小姐，很有意思的解釋。”

直到那時，我一直在為這位司機(jī)學(xué)習(xí)英語的執(zhí)著而感動，陶醉于能有機(jī)會與一個充滿好奇心的人一起來滿足自己對語言詞語的好奇心，卻未能充分意識到在這輛出租車上可能犯下的語言欺詐錯誤。我?guī)缀醪桓蚁胂筮@位司機(jī)聽到的是什么樣的蹩腳英語，因?yàn)橄裎疫@樣的懦夫不敢坦白地承認(rèn)：“我對自己的母語并不懂。”

我只能希望像他這樣好奇的人會有一本字典，希望他能明白，不論乘客如何解釋，發(fā)生圍觀塞車時，欲速則未必不達(dá)。

Unit6 開羅的女出租車司機(jī)

她叫娜格特。

我第一次見到她是在開羅機(jī)場。一個女出租車司機(jī)——在一大群男伙伴中唯一干這一行的女性。

你知道在深夜到達(dá)一個陌生的城市是一種什么感受嗎？沒有任何人，甚至沒有一縷陽光來迎接你。當(dāng)我步出機(jī)場時，迎面而來的是成群的出租車司機(jī)——在全世界所有的機(jī)場都有眾多出租車司機(jī)四處轉(zhuǎn)悠。在開羅，出租司機(jī)人更多，更喧鬧。“出租車！”“你要出租車嗎？”我耳邊充斥著這些聲音。

我感到一只有力的手抓住了我的左臂。“你需要出租車，跟我來！”那個女人說。她什么都沒有問，只是拉著我穿過人群。我順從地跟著她。一個旅游者，特別是一個婦女，有些時候就不得不信賴某個人。我們來到一輛破舊的小車前。這輛車的風(fēng)光已過——如今車身上有不少擦傷，輪胎磨得光禿禿的，擋風(fēng)玻璃上還有一道裂縫。但它的確是一輛出租車。而且這個女人將親自開車送我。她把我的包搬進(jìn)行李箱，上好鎖，然后坐在駕駛座上。這時我才松了一口氣。“我會開車送你。別擔(dān)心，”她說。

娜格特向我解釋說，她每周開幾個晝夜的出租車。她另有一份工作，在辦公室任職，但語焉不詳。這輛破舊的小車不是她的，而是一個老板的。只要有可能，她就向他租來開。自從十來年前她丈夫撒手人寰，留下兩個十多歲的孩子和她的雙親之后，她就一直開出租車養(yǎng)家糊口。

她熟知開羅的每一個角落——這并非一日之功。開羅迷宮般的大街小巷、居民區(qū)、集市所構(gòu)成的復(fù)雜體系，宛如古代說書人編造的迷津。數(shù)百座清真寺——其中許多是伊斯蘭建筑的精華，緊緊擠在一起的的老街區(qū)，郊外巨大的公寓樓群，靜靜流淌的尼羅河穿城而過——所有這些組成了這座過于擁擠的城市。

娜格特熟諳人情，略帶幽默。她全權(quán)負(fù)責(zé)我的觀光日程安排。每天早上9點(diǎn)正，我都能看見她矮壯的身影準(zhǔn)時出現(xiàn)在旅館大廳外。每當(dāng)她瞥見我走下樓梯，她圓圓的臉上馬上會綻放出燦爛的笑容。幾乎每天她都穿著一件土黃色的帶風(fēng)帽的斗蓬。她動作利索，從不浪費(fèi)任何時間。她做事果斷似乎是由于經(jīng)濟(jì)條件所迫而養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣，不得不盡可能多做些事情。

隨著她開車帶我從博物館到金字塔，從城市的一端到另一端，我很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)她卓爾不群。每當(dāng)我們停下來，喝一杯茶小憩或到達(dá)一個歷史景點(diǎn)--在這些地方的停車場總是男出租車司機(jī)云集之處--無論何處，她總是引人注目。男人們走向她的車，臉上充滿了疑惑。正如她告訴我的那樣，他們首先都會問?quot;你是開出租車的嗎？“經(jīng)過她簡短的解釋，我看見那些男人臉色緩和下來，微笑著，尊重而和善地與她聊天。這種場面多次出現(xiàn)。我感覺到，她總是能贏得遇到她的人的友情。

娜格特自尊并自立。有一天，我看見她在博物館外等我的時候，從出租車行李箱里取出備用輪胎--有一個磨禿的輪胎終于癟了--準(zhǔn)備自己換輪胎。幾個好奇的旁觀者圍上來，還有人愿意幫忙--但是不，她不需要任何人幫忙。她麻利而從容地?fù)Q好了輪胎，用瓶裝水洗過手，然后坐進(jìn)車?yán)铮瑔栁遥骸爆F(xiàn)在去哪兒？"

如果你有機(jī)會去開羅機(jī)場，記得到國際迎客廳外去找她。如果你幸運(yùn)的話，你就有機(jī)會通過一個女出租車司機(jī)的眼睛去看看開羅。