第一篇：專業英語總結

英語總結

世界上最難學的十大語言排行NO.1-漢語(中國)，NO.2-希臘語(希臘)，NO.3-阿拉伯語(阿拉伯)，NO.4-冰島語(冰島)，NO.5-日語(日本)，NO.6-芬蘭語(芬蘭)，NO.7-德語(德國)，NO.8-挪威語(挪威)，NO.9-丹麥語(丹麥)，NO.10-法語(法國)——聯合國教科文組織公布。世界上最難學的語言是漢語，而我們卻能將漢語脫口而出。讓大家痛苦連天的英語卻連榜單都沒有進。

中華民族上下五千年，文化博大精深，如果讓我們靜下心來探究其中的奧妙恐怕一輩子也不夠，可是為什么現在越來越多的人學習英語。當孩子還在牙牙學語的時候，父母會迫切地讓他念出ABCD，上了小學、初中、高中、甚至是大學，英語變得越來越重要，相當于一門必修課，不僅在校期間需要學習，許多家長還為孩子們報了這樣那樣的班。在大學里，我們得過CET4、CET6，并且大多數學校將這些作為評判學生們是否能夠拿到畢業證書的一個標準，可是古代的人卻只研究文言文，卻也有了隋唐、康乾盛世。第一次，第二次世界大戰這血一般的教訓告訴我們，落后就要挨打，落后就要被掠奪，于是中國人民開始聰明起來了，漸漸地了解到學習的重要性。世界上60%以上的信件是用英語寫的，50%以上的報紙雜志是英語的，要想學習其他國家的歷史文化和科研成果，我們就不得不學習英語。

英語，大家都學了十幾年了，可是奇怪的是沒有幾個人能夠流利的講出一句英文，大家的學習方法存在始終問題。專業英語課即將結束，在課程中，老師從來沒有講到“專業英語”（倒是在傳感器中講的較多），聽的多了就明白了老師的初衷：并不單只想讓我們學習專業上的英語，更多的是讓我們了解國外的一些傳統文化。在這一學期中，老師為我們講了很多希臘神話與圣經中的故事，同時也為我們推薦了許多好看的電影和歌曲，通過這些來點撥我們，讓我們對英語產生了濃烈的興趣，而興趣是是最好的老師，最大的動力。

第二篇：專業英語總結

幻燈片1 1.In-class practice 將下面與會議相關詞語翻譯為漢語 ? sponsor贊助者 Cover letter求職信

? organizer組織者 Invitation letter邀請信 ? preparatory committee籌備委員會 ? organizing committee組織委員會

? contact person聯系人 Recommendation Letter推薦信 ? keynote speaker主旨發言人 ? participant與會者 ? co-sponsors協辦方

? honorary chairman榮譽主席 ? program committee程序委員會 ?(vice)chairman副主席 ? members會員

? executive secretary行政秘書 session chair分會場主席 幻燈片2 ? Coffee or tea break with refreshments茶歇 ? Dinner晚餐 ? Lunch午餐

? Tour and sightseeing觀光 ? Banquet晚宴

? Reception接待會

? Welcome speech歡迎詞

? Opening remarks/address/speech開幕詞 ? Closing remarks/address/speech閉幕詞 ? Keynote speech/report主旨發言

? Paper session/paper presentation張貼 ? Poster session海報展 ? Demonstration說明

? Question and answer period/session問答環節

幻燈片3 機場的英語標識 Airport 飛機場

Airport lounges 機場休息室 Airport shuttle 機場班車 Arrivals 進港

Check-in area（zone）辦理登機區 Customers lounges 旅客休息室 Departures 出港

Departure time 離港時間 Departure time on reverse 返航時間

幻燈片4 機場的英語標識

Destination on airport 到達機場 Domestic flight 國內航班 Emergency exit 安全出口 exit/out/way out 出口

arrivals 進站（進港、到達）Exit to all routes 各通道出口 Flight connections 轉機處

Assistance/information/help point(desk)/inquiries 問訊處 Left baggage 行李寄存 Lost property 失物招領

Luggage from flight 到港行李 幻燈片5 機場的英語標識

Luggage pick-up/reclaim/ Luggage(baggage)claim 取行李 Missing people help line 走失求助熱線 Missing, police appeal for assistance 警察提供走失幫助

No smoking except in designated area 除制定區域外，禁止吸煙 customs 海關

Nothing（something）to declare 有（無）報關 Passport control 入境檢驗 Queue here 在此排隊

reclaim belt 取行李傳送帶

幻燈片6 機場的英語標識

Seserved seating 預定的座位 Return fares 往返機票 Short stay 短暫停留 Stay close 跟緊

international airport 國際機場 domestic airport 國內機場

international terminal 國際候機樓

international/dometic departure 國際/國內班出港 check-in 登機手續辦理

boarding pass/card 登機牌 gate/departure gate 登機口

幻燈片7 機場的英語標識

FLT NO（flight number）航班號 arriving form 來自。。

scheduled time(SCHED)預計時間 actual 實際時間 landed 已降落

departure to 前往

departure time 起飛時間 delayed 延誤

stairs and lifts to departure 由此乘電梯前往登機 up/upstairs 由此上樓

down/downstairs 由此下樓

幻燈片8 機場的英語標識

moeny exchange/currency exchange 貨幣兌換處 hotel reservation 訂旅館 luggage locker 行李暫存箱

passport control immigration 護照檢查處 transfer passengers 中轉旅客 transfer correspondence 中轉處 transit 國境

goods to declare 報關物品

Taxi pick-up point 出租車乘車點 coach pick-up point 大轎車乘車點

airline coach service 航空公司汽車服務處 car hire 租車處（旅客自己駕車）

幻燈片9 機場的英語標識

duty-free shop/stores 免稅店 luggage tag 行李牌

ticket confirm 機票確認 carrier 承運人（公司）class（fare basis）座艙等級 nationality 國籍

country of origin(country where you live)原住地 city where visa was issued 簽證簽發地 date issue 簽發日期

accompanying number 偕行人數 official use only 官方填寫 issue date 簽發日期

security check 安全檢查

幻燈片10 Visa application for entering Canada---工簽（work permit工簽 student permit學簽）

1.經過本人簽名的有效護照原件。2.邀請信：

（1）邀請信原件和復印件各一份。

（2）內容包括：邀請人姓名、單位、地址、電話號碼；被邀請人姓名、單位、預定訪問日期、停留期限、訪問目的以及Bench Fee的明確數額，如無Bench Fee也請于信中注明。3.工作許可： 按照加拿大駐華使館簽證處最新規定，公派訪問學者（SPONSORED RESEARCHERS）申請赴加拿大簽證需要提供由加拿大內務部（HOME OFFICE）簽發的“工作許可”（SPONSORED RESEARCHERS WORK PERMIT）。該工作許可應由加拿大邀請人負責到加拿大內務部申請。該工作許可為必須材料，否則加拿大駐華使館簽證處不予受理。

幻燈片11 說明書常用術語

operational/operating instructions 操作說明書 user's manual 用戶手冊

major components and functions 主要部件及功能 assembles and controls 各部件及其操作機構 group designation 各類名稱

operating flow chart 操作流程圖 fine adjustment 微調 coarse adjustment 粗調

direction for use 使用方法 wear-life 抗磨損壽命

幻燈片12 說明書常用術語

high voltage cautions 小心高電壓 transportation 搬運，運輸 instruction for erection 安裝規程 power requirements 電源條件 service condition 工作條件 system diagram 系統示意圖

wiring/circuit diagram 線路圖 operating voltage 工作電壓 factory services 工廠檢修服務 specific wearability 磨損率

幻燈片13 說明書常用術語

precautions/cautions 注意事項 measuring range 量程 data book 數據表 Don't cast 勿擲

standard accessories 標準附件 accessories supplied 備用附件 safety factor 安全系數

tested error free 經檢驗無質量問題 ground/GND terminal 接地端子 earth lead 地線

幻燈片14 說明書常用術語

inflammable 易燃物、防火 keep dry 保持干燥 keep upright 無倒置

To be protected from cold/heat 避免遇冷/熱

Use roller（出現在外包裝箱上時）移動時使用滾子 warranty 保證書 feature 特點

construction 構造

electric system 電氣系統 coolant system 冷卻系統

幻燈片15 說明書常用術語 test run 試運轉

first commissioning 試車 maintenance 維護，維修 dimensions 尺寸 measurement 尺碼 lubrication 潤滑 inspection 檢驗 location 安裝位置 fix screw 固定螺釘 specification 規格

幻燈片16 說明書常用術語

rated load 額定負載 rate capacity 額定容量 nominal speed 額定馬力 Gross/Gr.Wt.毛重 Net Wt.凈重 fragile 易碎

cutting capacity 加工范圍 humidity 濕度

oiling period 加油間隔期 work cycle 工作周期

幻燈片17 合同常用術語和句型

partial shippment 分裝 transshipment 轉船 insurance 保險

compensation allowance 補償津貼 claim indemnity 索賠 other terms 其他條款

the engaging/engaged party 聘方/受聘方 expiration of the contract 合同到期 be covered by the seller 由賣方負責

幻燈片18 協議書常用術語和句型

agreement on academic exchange 學術交流協議

co-operation agreement on science and technology 科技合作協議

agreement on production co-operation 生產合作協議 agreement on persionnel training 人員培訓協議

patterns and contents of co-operation 合作方式和內容 measures of implementation 執行措施 Sino-foreign joint venture 中外合資 duration of agreement 協議有效期 personnel matters 人員交流 the two sides 雙方

technical consulation 技術咨詢 financial arrangements 費用安排

幻燈片19 ? Optimal control and optimization;最優控制及優化 ? Process control過程控制 ? Stochastic systems隨機系統

? Instrumentation systems儀表系統 ? Mobile robotics移動式機器人學 ? Perception systems感知系統

? Robot sensing and data fusion機器人感知與數據融合幻燈片20

TOPICs ? Human/Computer Interaction, ? Human/Machine Systems, ? Image Processing, ? Computer Vision，? Information Assurance and Security, ? Intelligent Communications, ? Intelligent Systems，? Intelligent Transportation Systems, ?

Internet/Electronic Commerce，? Knowledge Acquisition and Engineering, ? Manufacturing Systems, ? Optimization, ?

Pattern Recognition, ?

Quality/Reliability & Systems Engineering

? Computational Intelligence, ? Soft Computing, Fuzzy Systems, ? Neuro-Fuzzy Systems, ? Neural Networks(NN), ? Genetic Algorithm(GA), ? Evolutionary Computation(EC), ? Hybrid CI Algorithms, ? DNA Computing, ? Evolutionary Logistics, ? Evolutionary Systems，? Adaptive Computing Systems, ? Data Mining and Management, ? Decision Support Systems, ? Informatics，? Environmental Systems，? Expert and Knowledge Based Systems

幻燈片21

Control and Decision: ? Adaptive control;? Complex systems and complex network;? Control applications;

? Control engineering education;? Co-operative control;

? Decision-making theory and method;? Decision supporting system;? Delay systems;

? Discrete event systems;? Distributed control systems;? Distributed parameter systems;

? Fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control;? Fuzzy systems;? Game theory;? Hybrid systems;

? Identification and estimation;? Intelligent systems;

? Knowledge Management and Knowledge Engineering;

幻燈片22 ? Management Information Systems and Enterprise Informalization;? Management of Supply Chain and Logistics;? Modeling and Optimization of E-Commerce;?

Motion control;

? Networked control systems;? Neural networks;? Nonlinear systems;

? Optimal control and optimization;? Process control;?

Production planning and scheduling;?

Robust and H-infinity control;? Sensor network systems;? Social economy systems;? Stochastic systems;

? Variable structure control.幻燈片23 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

幻燈片24

Automation: CIMS and manufacturing systems;Factory modeling and simulation;Home, laboratory and service automation;Instrumentation systems;Intelligent automation;Man-machine interactions;Nano-scale automation and assembly;Network-based systems;

Planning, scheduling and coordination;Process automation.Robotics: ? Human centered systems;

? Medical robots and bio-robotics;? Micro robots and micro-manipulation;? Mobile robotics;

? Mobile sensor networks;? Perception systems;? Robot control;

? Robot sensing and data fusion;? Search, rescue and field robotics;? Space and underwater robots;? Tele-robotics;? Visual servicing.幻燈片25 協議書常用術語和句型

provide equipment, technology, engineering technicians and managerial personnel including quality inspectors 提供設備、技術、工程技術人員以及包括質量檢查員在內的管理人員 The take-over will take place on...驗收將于某月某日進行

...hereby indicate the intention to enter into a program of technological co-operation on the basis of mutual benefit(to be benefit both sides)...特此表明雙方在互惠的基礎上簽訂技術合作項目的愿望。

The two sides agree to co-operate with each other in research projects of common interest.雙方同意對共同感興趣的項目進行合作。

must be completed 10 months after the conclusion of the present agreement.限在本協議簽訂后10個月內完成。

幻燈片26

2將下列標題翻譯為英語。

? *附件中有我的簡歷。

? Enclosed here is my resume.? 1 有源電力濾波器控制策略綜述

? Review study of control strategy for active power filter ? 2 基于粗糙集理論的系統參數重要性評價及其應用

? Significance assessment for the system parameters on base of rough set theory and it's application ? 3 基于蟻群算法的多機器人協作策略

? Multi-robot coordination strategy based on ant colony algorithm ? 4 電力系統混沌振蕩的自適應補償控制

? Adaptive compensating control for chaos oscillation of power system

幻燈片27

2將下列標題翻譯為英語。

? 5 基于結構特征的路面裂紋病害檢測算法

? Detection algorithm of road cracks on surface disease based upon architecture feature ? 6 基于虛擬儀器技術的電磁閥綜合特性測控系統

? Research on overall characteristics of measurement and control system for magnetic valve based upon virtual instrument techniques ? 7 基于自組織映射神經網絡的低壓故障電弧聚類分析

? Clustering analysis for low-voltage arc fault based on SOM networks ? 8 基于小波分解的腦CT圖像紋理特征提取

? Texture feature extraction for CT brain images based on wavelet decomposition

幻燈片28 將下面英語（論文標題）翻譯為中文。

?(1)PASSIVITY-BASED CONTROLLER– OBSERVER FOR ROBOT MANIPULATORS ? 機器人執行機構的無源控制觀察器

?(2)ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF NON-LINEAR TELEOPERATOR SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF ADDITIVE INPUT AND OUTPUT DISTURBANCES ? 存在附加輸入和輸出擾動的非線性遙控機器人系統的自適應控制

?(3)AN OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR THE COORDINATED HYBRID AGENT FRAMEWORK ? 協調混合主體框架的優化算法

?(4)BEHAVIOUR EMERGENCE MODEL BASED ON CHANGES IN SENSORY INFORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO MULTIPLE TASKS ? 基于感覺信息變化的行為上升模型及其在多任務中的應用 ?(5)Running Temperature and Mechanical Stability of Grease as Maintenance Parameters of Railway Bearings ? 運行溫度和油脂的機械穩定性鐵路軸承的維護參數

幻燈片29 ?(6)An Improved Approach to Delay-dependent Robust Stabilization for Uncertain Singular Time-delay Systems ? 不確定奇異時滯系統的遲滯相關魯棒鎮定的改進方法

?(7)Stability Analysis of Discrete-time Systems with Additive Time-varying Delays ? 附加時變延遲的離散系統的穩定性分析

?(8)CONTROL OF A SCARA ROBOT: PSO-PID APPROACH ? SCARA機器人的控制：粒子群優化-PID方法

?(9)FRACTIONAL CALCULUS-BASED OPTIMAL CONTROLLERS OF AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR IN POWER SYSTEM.? 在電力系統中自動電壓調節器的基于微積分的最優控制器

?(10)RESEARCH OF WEATHERSENSITIVE SHORT-TERM LOAD FORECASTING ? 氣象敏感的短期負荷預測的研究

幻燈片30 ?(11)DISPERSED GENERATION IN MODERN POWER SYSTEMS AND ITS IMPACT IN EUROPE ON POWER SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND SECURE OPERATION ? 現代電力系統分散發電及其對歐洲電力系統體系結構和安全運行的影響 ?(12)COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR DIGITAL REGULATORS IN SERIES DC MOTOR CONTROLLED DRIVE ? 串聯直流電機控制驅動器的數字顯示調節儀的比較性能分析

?(13)An Assessment Tool for Land Reuse with Artificial Intelligence Method ? 采用人工智能方法的土地再利用評估工具

?(14)Watermarking of Digital Images in Frequency Domain ? 在頻域中的數字圖像水印技術

?(15)Action Control of Soccer Robots Based on Simulated Human Intelligence ? 基于人工智能模擬的足球機器人的行為控制

幻燈片31 ?(16)Real-time Virtual Environment Signal Extraction andDenoising Using Programmable Graphics Hardware ? 使用可編程圖像硬件進行實時虛擬環境信號的提取和去噪

?(17)Soft Sensing Modelling Based on Optimal Selection of Secondary Variables and Its Application ? 基于二次變量最優選擇的軟測量模型及其應用

?(18)Adaptive Fuzzy Dynamic Surface Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems ? 具有不確定非線性系統的自適應模糊動態表面控制

?(19)Kalman Filtering with Partial Markovian Packet Losses ? 有部分馬爾科夫丟包損失的卡爾曼濾波 ?(20)On Problems of Multicomponent System Maintenance Modelling ? 多元系統維護的建模問題

幻燈片32 In-class practise: Conclusion(結論)：

An effective positioning means is developed by establishing pseudo_range-pseudo_range rate-heading measurements model of a miniature AHRS/GPS.Due to the large drifts and poor stability of MEMS sensors, the QEKF gauss nonlinear filter algorithm is applied to the whole system through computing the complicated Hessian matrix related to the second-order form of nonlinear equations.After carrying on a numerical simulation, the optimal estimates of parameters are achieved as expected, that is(viz.), the root mean squares(RMS)of attitude error and position error never exceed 90“ and 3m respectively, even if the accuracy of the sensors is modest, which thus demonstrates that the QEKF yields to accurate estimates and it is proved to be feasible for this low-cost AHRS/GPS integration.The following investigation will focus on the improvement of the accuracy of micro inertial sensors, if the accurate results are desired.幻燈片33 4.Abstrace例文翻譯 In-class practise:

以低成本陸用航姿參考系統(AHRS)/ GPS緊耦合系統為研究對象,建立了基于偽距、偽距率、航向角的組合觀測數學模型。引入強跟蹤濾波(STF)算法,利用漸消因子的作用,增強濾波器對狀態快速變化的跟蹤能力。同時,針對微慣性器件漂移過大的缺點,采用二階EKF(QEKF)方法,通過對Hessian 矩陣的求解,補償系統觀測方程線性化的二階截斷誤差。仿真表明: STQEKF 方法可高速準確地逼近系統非線性模型,實現陸地載體導航控制,在傳感器精度有限的情況下,使姿態和位置的控制效果較標準EKF 分別提高了約8.9 %～38.2 %和48.7 %～54.4 %。幻燈片34

Time delay of the internet is characterized as random, unbounded, and different for both branches in the control loop [9, 10] and it may cause instability of the system.Therefore, researchers developed some methods to deal with time delay, including passivity theory-based and control theory-based approaches [11].Anderson and Spong [12] derived a control law based on passivity and scattering theory to ensure tele-operative stability subject to any time delay.Niemeyer and Slotine [13] proposed the wave variables-based approach to address time-delay in tele-operation.Lawrence [14] addressed time delay in a four-channel bilateral tele-manipulation.Yoshikawa and Ueda [15] used scattering theory to assess the stability of four conventional tele-operation architectures.Munir and Book [16] incorporated a Smith predictor and Kalman filter to improve the performance of a wave-based tele-operator in the presence of a varying-time delay.幻燈片35 ? 互聯網時延的特點是隨機的、不受限的，并且在控制回路中的分支間是不同的，這可能導致系統的不穩定。因此，針對時延，研究者開發了一些方法，包括基于無源性理論和控制理論的方法。安德森和斯幫推導出一個控制律，這個規律是基于無源性和散射理論的，它能確保在任何時延的情況下的遙操作的穩定性。尼邁耶和斯洛坦提出了波變量方法來處理遙操作中的時延。勞倫斯解決了四通道雙邊遙操作中的時延。吉川和上田使用散射理論來研究四個傳統遙操作架構的穩定性。穆尼爾和布克將史密斯預估器和卡爾曼濾波器結合起來，以此來提高波在變化的時延情況下的遙操作性能。

幻燈片36 Abstract: The theoretical study due to the giant magneto-impedance(GMI)effect of Co-rich amorphous wire sensor is presented.As a practical device, this sensor may be used to sense the Earth’s magnetic field and to provide a measure of the attitude of a moving vehicle.It is proposed a multivibrator bridge should be adopted as the structure module.The measuring principle of the sensor is stressed, which is accomplished by means of establishing corresponding mathematic model.In sequence, with a numerical simulation being carried out, a good linear characteristic between voltage and measured field in the range of is achieved, which demonstrates this sensor is a linear one, and it is capable of measuring weak signal of magnetic field.In addition, the application of this sensor for the attitude and heading reference system(AHRS)with the micro inertial measurement units(MIMUs)is studied, providing an effective method for low cost solid-state AHRS with high accuracy theoretically.幻燈片37 鈷基非晶絲傳感器的巨磁阻抗影響已經有了相關理論性研究，作為一個實用裝置，該傳感器可被用于感知地球磁場以及測量行駛中小車的姿態，并提出多諧振蕩橋應該用于結構模塊。該傳感器的測量原則強調要通過建立相應的數學模型來完成測量。通過進行逐一的數值仿真，實現了電壓和測量范圍間能具有良好的線性特性，這也表明了該傳感器是線性的，并且能夠測量磁場的微弱信號。此外，對該傳感器在姿態航向參考系統與微慣性測量單元的應用也進行了研究，并在理論上為高精度低成本的固態姿態航向系統提供了一種有效的方法。幻燈片38 In-class practise: ? 3.Abstract翻譯 Healthy sensors are essential for the reliable monitoring and control of building automation systems(BAS).This paper presents a diagnostic tool to be used to assist building automation systems for online sensor heath monitoring and fault diagnosis of air-handling units.The tool employs a robust sensor fault detection and diagnosis(FDD)strategy based on the Principal Component Analysis(PCA)method.Two PCA models are built corresponding to the heat balance and pressure-flow balance of an air-handling process.Sensor faults are detected using the Q-statistic and diagnosed using an isolation-enhanced PCA method that combines the Q-contribution plot and knowledge-based analysis.The PCA models are updated using a condition-based adaptive scheme to follow the normal shifts in the process due to changing operating conditions.The sensor FDD strategy, the implementation of the diagnostic tool and experimental results in an existing building are presented in this paper.幻燈片39 ? 優良的傳感器對于可靠監控和樓宇自動化系統是至關重要的。本文提出了一種診斷工具，用來協助樓宇自動化系統進行在線傳感器優良檢測以及空氣處理單元的故障診斷。該工具采用基于主成分分析方法的魯棒傳感器故障檢測及診斷策略。構建的兩個主成分分析模型與空氣處理過程的熱平衡以及壓力流量平衡相對應。傳感器故障是用Q統計量來檢測并用隔離加強的主成分分析法來診斷的，并結合了Q貢獻圖和只是分析。由于變化的操作狀態，該主成分分析模型是通過使用基于自適應方案條件跟蹤正常移距來完成矯正的。本文還提出了該傳感器故障檢測和診斷策略、診斷工具的實現以及在現有建筑中的試驗結果。

幻燈片40 40 In-class practise: Conclusion：

本文提出了一種基于自適應進化學習的約束多目標粒子群優化算法。該算法根據不符合約束條件粒子的約束違反程度修正多目標粒子群優化算法的進化學習公式，有效地提高了算法在約束邊界區域的搜索能力；引入了一種基于擁擠距離的Pareto最優解分布性動態維護策略，在不增加算法復雜度的前提下，改進了Pareto前沿的分布性。實驗結果表明，在處理帶約束多目標優化問題時，基于自適應學習的約束多目標粒子群優化算法可以獲得具有更好收斂性、分布性和多樣性的Pareto前沿。

幻燈片41

將下列Abstract翻譯為中文

? Metabolism provides a basis for using first principles of physics, chemistry, and biology to link the biology of individual organisms to the ecology of populations, communities, and ecosystems.Metabolic rate, the rate at which organisms take up, transform, and expend energy and materials, is the most fundamental biological rate.We have developed a quantitative theory for how metabolic rate varies with body size and temperature.Metabolic theory predicts how metabolic rate, by setting the rates of resource uptake from the environment and resource allocation to survival, growth, and reproduction, controls ecological processes at all levels of organization from individuals to the biosphere.幻燈片42

邀請信（Invitation letter）

? Dear Dr.Men: ?

It is my pleasure to invite you to International Heat Transfer Conference(IHTC-14/2010), which is being held in Washington D.C, WA, USA on 08/08/2010-08/13/2010.?

You will be presenting the paper(s), Paper #:22747 ”Study on Biocorrosion Induced by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria on Heat Exchanger Material in Cooling Water“.ASME is the premier organization for the promotion of the art, science, and practice of mechanical engineering throughout the world.Our mission is to promote and enhance the technical competency and professional well-being of our members, and through quality programs and activities in mechanical engineering better enable its practitioners to contribute to the well-being of humankind.? You are expected to undertake all expenses.? John Beck, ? Director, International Affairs ? Tel: +1(973)882-1170 ? Fax: +1(973)882-1717 E-mail: beckj@asme.org

第三篇：專業英語總結

《專業英語》課程總結

轉眼間已經度過了一個學期的學習英語的過程。

首先，我想說的是，我們中國人真的是很會背單詞，學語法，所以，對于我們而言，似乎英文閱讀是不尷尬的事情。我以前學的都是很acamedic 的語法，包括單詞，我都沒有學好，我學的單詞最大功用是閱讀使用，和說話時候偶爾用到，即使是這樣，我的好朋友還是說我的英語雖較比較fluent,但是不夠natural,有點太academic了。我們知道很多單詞，但是沒有真正熟悉這些單詞的發音，這里的熟悉不是單純知道發音是什么，而是當別人說出來的時候，我們可以很快的識別它，我們知道其實美式發音對很多單詞的發音，重音，是和中國字典里音標標出來的不一樣的。所以現在我想來，一個必要的做法是，背單詞是一定要聽錄音，熟悉美式發音讀音，自己也要跟讀，模范美式的發音。多讀，讓自己的腦細胞熟悉透了這些單詞，然后才能在自己需要用的時候，一下想起來。

我學習英語總結為五條：

一、感情第一

In my opinion，要想學好英語或者說至少在學的過程中不感到痛苦，就必須學會將英語變成一種愛好，一種興趣，這樣在學習的過程中才不至于半途而廢、有始無終且學習時如座針氈、抓耳撓腮、味同嚼蠟、痛苦無比！

二、長期積累

“積累”可以說是任何學習所必需的，在英語學習中它顯得更為重要！For example ：我將英語中的“單詞、語法、句子、結構、閱讀、寫作、聽力、口語”等等一切比喻成不同的層，你每學一些相關的東西就會在相應的層上加一些東西，而你學的越扎實，同樣層與層之間就砸的越扎實。

三、正確認識

只有經過正確修改的東西才值得牢記。不要反復去看那些做了而未經別

人修改的練習，看多了就會不自覺地連同錯誤一起記在腦子里。假若你純屬自學而無旁人相助，那你就去記那些肯定是正確無誤的東西。

四、敢于出口

要敢于說話，不要怕出錯誤，但要請別人糾正錯誤。尤其重要的是，當

別人確實開始幫你糾正錯誤時，不要難為情，也不要泄氣。

五、執著追求

所謂“執著追求”，引用英國利茲大學一位教授的話就是一定要相信“the power of your dream”。我的理解是：first，你一定要夢想，只有有了夢想你才有了追求的目標，才有力量，才有方向和動力。

人生總是面臨著無數次選擇。當你一次次站在十字路口的時候，你可曾彷徨、可曾無助、可曾一籌莫展？可是當你經過深思熟慮作出決定后，我想你已經找到了自己繼續前進的方向！學習外語一天也不能中斷，倘若確實沒有時間，哪怕每天擠出十分鐘來也行。早晨是學習外語的大好時光，要是學厭了，不必過于勉強，但也不要扔下不學。如果真的學厭了，這時可以變換一下學習方式。比如，可以把書放在一邊去聽聽廣播，或暫時擱下課本的練習去翻翻詞典等。但絕不要脫離上下文孤立地去死記硬背，應該隨時隨地記下并背熟那些平時用得最多的“句套子”。盡可能“心譯”你接觸到的東西，如一閃而過的廣告和偶爾聽到的話語等，這也是一種休息方式。最后堅信自己一定能達到目的，要堅信自己有堅強不屈的毅力和語言方面非凡才能。

班級:09電子301

姓名：陳士升

學號：20094033105

第四篇：專業英語要點總結

1.Writing requirements for title2.3.The function of affiliation are : 4.5.The general requirements of keywords :

6.Common problems in abstract writing are Mixed writing style, 7.General writing requirements of introduction: 8.General functions of reference are 9.10.General functions of footnotes are 11.Tenses in papers are :12.Sentence Structure of Scientific English:

Professional authors prefer to use indicative sentences to describe experiments or investigations conducted, state the quality or property of the matter used, confirm laws or principles worked out.Various complex sentences are often used to reflect the logical analyses and the complicated interrelations in the scientific research accurately.13., 14.Process undertaken in the experiment includes 15.Introduce to the equipments used in the experiment: 16.17.General requirement for research description are:

18.Types of logical development: Developing byDeveloping the ResearchDeveloping the Research 19.Classification of professional papers: 20.The general function of a title in a professional paper a professional paper are 21.The general requirements for the authors and affiliation in a professional paper are:22.General requirements of abstract are: Miniaturizing the Text, 23.24.Writing requirements of abstract are: 25.26.27.Main elements of discussion are analyzing data, pointing our doubts, expounding viewpoint, stating the significance, arriving at a conclusion.28.Avoidance of writing aconclusion should be :Avoid drawing conclusions from data involving 29.5S Strategy for Abstract Writing:

30.5A Strategy

Five questions to answer in the abstract:

Q1: What is the general knowledge of your topic in the academic field?

Q2: What research topic is the paper to focus on?

Q3: What method or material do you use to support your main point of view? Q4: What conclusion will you draw?

Q5: What is the main contribution of the paper?

第五篇：專業英語【神總結】

詞語翻譯

band width 帶寬

flip-flop、trigger(觸發器)

diode(二極管)、triode(三極管)triple（3倍）、capacitor(電容)vacuum tube 真空管、電子管 transistor晶體管

integrated circuit（IC）集成電路 electron tubes 電子管 impetus 動力

resistors 電阻器、電阻（復數）RADAR.雷達 computers

Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)核磁共振 computed axial tomography 軸向計算層析成像

技術 X-rays

three-dimensional images 三維圖像 Circuit and System 電路與系統

Analog and Digital Circuits Design模電與

數電設計

Radio Receiver Circuit 無線接收機電路、收音機電路

Basic concepts 基本概念 neutron 中子protons 質子

electric conductivity 導電性 free electrons自由電子 electric current電流

Signal and System 信號與系統

Digital Signal Processing 數字信號處理 Speech Signal Processing 語音信號處理 continuous-time 連續時間 discrete-time離散時間

signal energy and power 信號能量與功率 transform …into… 轉變成…、轉換成…described….as…被描述為…、說成是… sensoryadj.感覺的, 感官的vibrationsn.振動, 顫動, 搖動, 擺動 ubiquitousadj.無處不在的, 普遍存在的 utilityn.效用, 有用

weight function權值函數、加權函數 approximatev.近似, 接近， 約計

integraln.[數學] 積分, 完整, 部分 sparse matrix matrices稀疏矩陣 invariantadj.無變化的, 不變的seriesn.系列、串聯

delayv.耽擱, 延遲, 延期, 遲滯 transitionn.轉變, 躍遷, 過渡, 變調 suboptimumadj.次優的attenuationn.衰減

Windowed Fourier Transform（WFT）

窗口傅立葉變換 multiplying 乘法的、倍增的 matrix矩陣factored into 分解成hardware, firmware, and software 硬件、固件

和軟件

Fast Fourier Transform、FFT快速傅立葉變換 The Speech Signal 語音信號 Signal Processing信號處理

Digital Speech Processing 數字語音處理 characterizevt.特征化,提取…特征 encryption加密 cipher密碼

enciphern.[計] 加密、加密器 decryption解密

deciphern.[計] 解密

encode、decode編碼、譯碼 queryv.詢問, 表示懷疑 transactionn.辦理, 交易, 事務

Electromagnetic Fields Theory 電磁場理論 Antenna 天線

feed point 饋電點、供給點 waveguide 波導

transmission line 傳輸線 nonisotropic 各向異性的 narrow main lobe 窄主瓣 broad main lobe寬主瓣 satellite TV衛星電視

electromagnetic waves 電磁波

wireless wide area networks(WWAN)無線廣域網

wireless personal area networks(WPAN)無線個域網 Bluetooth 藍牙

Ultra-wideband(UWB)超寬帶

Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance

()多路復用和碰撞避免 back haul空載傳輸、回送

Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM)全球移動通信系統

Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA)碼分多路復用

parallel paths平行路徑 industry standards 工業標準 WLAN 無線局域網 IEEE 801.11b standard

國際電氣與電子工程師學會801.11b標準

microwave 微波

carrier frequency 載波頻率 forward direction 正向

client/server network主從網，客服網 DNSDomain Name System域名系統 peer-to-peer network對等網 user authentication用戶認證 Local Area Network(LAN).Wide Area Network(WAN).CSMA/CD 載波偵聽多路訪問 packet switching.包交換

invited session proposal邀請會話提議

2．When we Consider the fact that the transfer functions of the neurons in the output layer are linear, we solve the problem with system of linear equations.因為輸出層神經元的激活函數是線性的，我 們用線性方程組來求解該問題。

Thus for a fixed signal power and in the presence of white Gaussian noise the channel capacity approaches an upper limit.因此，對于一定的信號功率，且存在白高斯噪聲時，信道容量將趨近于上限值。

The presence or absence(or, alternatively, the sign)of pulses in a group of pulses is made to depend, in a some what arbitrary manner, on message samples.或許從屬性的角度來說，在每組脈沖中激發或中斷脈沖電流，都取決于消息樣本。

Electronic amplifiers are used mainly to increase the voltage, current, or power of a signal.電子放大器主要放大信號的電壓、電流及功率。

句子翻譯

The signal levels inside power-amplifiers are so much larger than these weak inputs that even the slightest ―leakage‖ from the out-put back to the in-put may cause problem.功率放大器中的信號幅度比微弱的輸入信號大得多，即使輸出的極微小的泄露傳輸到輸入端都會引發一些問題。

1．If there were no attraction between the proton and the electron, the electron would fly away from the proton in a straight line.倘若質子和電子之間不存在引力，電子就會沿直線飛離質子。

2.Suppose f(x)is periodic continuous.設f(x)是周期連續函數。

1．Using of neural models can make simulation and optimization process less time-consuming, shifting much computation from on-line optimization to off-line training.采用神經網絡建?？晒澥》抡婧蛢灮臅r間，將在線優化轉為離線訓練。

Operational amplifiers(op-amps), built with integrated circuitsand consisting of DC-coupled, multistage, linear amplifiersare popular for audio amplifiers.運算放大器內建直流耦合多級線性放大集成電路，它（該元件）廣泛用于音頻放大器。

the largest early computers occupied a volume of hundreds of cubic metersand requiredmany tens of kilowatts of electrical powerand a sizable air conditioning installationto allow this amount of energy to be dissipatedwithout raising the room temperature to unbearable values.例如，早期最大的計算機要占據成百立方，需要幾十kW的電源和一個相當大的空調設備，目的是來消除大量的熱，而不讓室溫過高。

It can be shown that a system using a three-level code must have a signal-to-noise ratio of 8.5 dB, or 3.7 dB greater, for equal performance in the same channel.這表明對于相同的信道特性，使用三級編碼的系統信噪比為8.5分貝, 或高于3.7分貝。

Let the forward–path transfer function be given by the linear difference equation.設前向傳遞函數由下列線性差分方程給出。

Taking the former view gives a good insight into the behavior of the quantization error.前面的講解使我們更好地理解量化誤差的特性。（或者：

前述講解使得量化誤差特性更好理解。）

eg.2．由動詞派生的名詞轉譯成動詞。

Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已用來探索宇宙?；鸺延糜趯τ钪娴奶剿?。

eg.14Most satellites are designed to burn up themselves after completing mission.按照設計大部分衛星在完成任務后自行燃燒。一般衛星的設定為完成任務后自燃銷毀Eg19 Both compounds are acids, the former is strong while the latter is weak.The adj.這兩種都是酸。前者是強酸，后者是弱酸。Alloy steel is stronger and harder than carbon steel.譯文：合金鋼的強度和硬度比碳鋼大。（形容詞轉化為名詞）

eg.23 The performance was a success.我們的演出很成功60。執行結果很成功。eg.25 We must make full use of exiting technical equipment.我們必須充分利用現有的技術設備。我們必須對現有技術設備進行充分利用。我們必須讓現有技術設備得到充分利用。2．由于英語中的動詞在翻譯的時候可以轉換成漢語名詞，所以修飾該動詞的副詞轉譯成形容詞。

eg.26 This film im-pressed him deeply.這部電影給了他深刻的印象。這部電影給他印象很深

eg.28 When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一發現有可能反對他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和風趣將這人爭取過來。95 只要一看到潛在的反對者，他的本能就是用魅力和風趣贏得這人。90

eg.10The acquaintance of science means mastering the law of nature.譯文：認識科學意味著掌握自然規律。（名詞轉化為動詞）

I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.譯文：有可能是氧氣設備和或|引擎出故障，或兩者都出故障。

eg.4While stars and nebulae look like specks or small patches of light, they are really enormous bodies.譯文：星星們看起來是小光斑，但其實是巨大的天體。

eg.16Stainless steels possess good hardness and high strength.譯文：不銹鋼硬度大、強度高。

不銹鋼擁有高硬度、高強度的特性

eg.31Some theorems like regarding noise as Gaussian white noise.譯文：許多理論傾向于將噪聲看作高斯白噪聲。

The sampling theorem shows that

all values of a signal can be determinedby sampling the signal

at a rate equal to at least twice the bandwidth.譯文：抽樣定理表明，信號的抽樣頻率至少為信號頻率的兩倍信號時，該信號才能全部恢復。

Correct：

1、基于高斯小波濾波器的語音識別特征提取方法 摘要：把小波理論應用于抗噪語音識別特征提取，提出了基于高斯小波濾波器的語音識別特征提取方法，通過對人耳聽覺特性的研究，按照人耳臨界帶寬設計了一組高斯小波帶通濾波器。詳細討論了高斯小波濾波器的尺度參數選擇方法。使用RBF識別網絡，仿真實現了使用新特征與原特征的識別結果，證明了新特征具有較高的識別率和優良的抗噪性能。

關鍵詞: 特征提取；高斯小波；語音識別 Feature-Extraction Method Based on Gauss-Wavelet-Filter in Speech-Recognition Abstract:——used wavelet theory in noise robust feature-extraction of speech-recognition and introduced a feature-extraction method based on Gauss wavelet filter.The Gauss wavelet filter with human critical frequency band was obtained by studying human auditory characteristics.The method of scale parameter choosing was also studied in designing Gauss wavelet filter.The methods with novel and original feature

was simulated.The RBF neural net was used in train and recognition course.The results show that new feature has higher recognition rate and better robustness than traditional feature.Key words: feature extraction;Gauss wavelet;speech recognition2、基于獨立分量分析的單通道語音增強算法 摘要：傳統的獨立分量分析要求觀測信號的個數不能小于源信號的個數，無法直接對單路信號進行獨立分量分析。為了能夠利用獨立分量分析分離加性噪聲，須構造一路觀測信號?；谡Z音信號的短時平穩的特性，該文提出一種構造噪聲信號的算法，實現了信號與噪聲的分離。仿真結果表明，利用該算法可得到很好的消噪結果，提高信號的信噪比。

關鍵詞：獨立分量分析；盲源分離；語音增強；單通道

Single Channel Speech Enhancement Algorithm Based on Independent Component Analysis

Abstract: The standard independent component analysis algorithm require that the number of sensors is more than or equal to that of sources, so it is impossible to apply independent component analysis to a single channel signal directly.This paper proposes an algorithm for constructing a noise signal for noise reduction based on ICA, thereby noise and signal can be separated through ICA.Simulation result shows that much better de-noise effect and signal-noise ratio can be obtained by using this algorithm.Key words: Independent Component Analysis(ICA);blind sources separation;speech enhancement;single channel