第一篇:落花生賞析-三篇譯文對比
The 2 Assignment—due on week 13
原文與譯文
【原文】
落花生
我們屋后有半畝隙地。母親說,“讓它荒蕪著怪可惜,既然你們那么愛吃花生,就辟來做花生園罷。”我們幾姊弟和幾個小丫頭都很喜歡——買種的買種,動土的動土,灌園的灌園;過不了幾個月,居然收獲了!
媽媽說:“今晚我們可以做一個收獲節,也請你們爹爹來嘗嘗我們底新花生,如何?”我們都答應了。母親把花生做成好幾樣的食品,還吩咐這節期要在園里底茅亭舉行。
那晚上底天色不太好,可是爹爹也到來,實在很難得!爹爹說:“你們愛吃花生么?”
我們都爭著答應:“愛!”
“誰能把花生底好處說出來?”
姊姊說:“花生底氣味很美。”
哥哥說:“花生可以制油。”
我說:“無論何等人都可以用賤價買它來吃;都喜歡吃它。這就是它的好處。”
爹爹說:“花生底用處固然很多;但有一樣是很可貴的。這小小的豆不像那好看的蘋果、桃子、石榴,把它們底果實懸在枝上,鮮紅嫩綠的顏色,令人一望而發生羨慕的心。它只把果子埋在地底,等到成熟,才容人把它挖出來。你們偶然看見一棵花生瑟縮地長在地上,不能立刻辨出它有沒有果實,非得等到你接觸它才能知道。”
我們都說:“是的。”母親也點頭。爹爹接下去說:“所以你們要像花生,因為它是有用的,不是偉大、好看的東西。”我說:“那么,人要做有用的人,不要做偉大、體面的人了。”爹爹說:“這是我對于你們的希望。”
我們談到夜闌才散,所以花生食品雖然沒有了,然而父親底話現在還印在我心版上。
【譯文】
譯文1
Peanuts
Behind ourhouse there lay half a mu of vacant land.Mother said, “It's a pity to let it lie waste.Since you all like to eat peanuts so much, why not have them planted here.” That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds , ploughing the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!
Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and invite your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?” We all agreed.Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot.It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, Father came nevertheless.“Do you like peanuts?” asked Father.“Yes, we do!” We vied in giving the answer.“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?”
“Peanuts taste good , ” said my elder sister.“Peanuts produce edible oil, ” said my elder brother.“Peanuts are so cheap, ” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them.Peanuts are everyone's favourite.That's why we call peanuts good.”
“It's true that peanuts have many uses, ” said Father, “but they're most beloved in one respect.Unlike nice-looking apple, peaches and pomegranates, which hang their fruit on branches and win people's instant admiration with their brilliant colours, tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain unearthed until they're ripe.When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you touch them.”
“That's true,” we said in unison.Mother also nodded.“So you must take after peanuts,” Father continued , “ because they're useful though not great and nice-looking.” rd
“Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking, ” I said.“That's what I expect of you, ” Father concluded.We kept chatting until the party broke up late at night.Today, though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts, Father’s words remain engraved in my mind.譯文2
ThePeanut
At the back of our house there was half a mu of vacant land.“It' s a pity to let it go to waste like that, ” Mother said.“Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.” At that my brother, sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids.Some went to buy seeds, some dug the ground and others watered it and , in a couple of months, we had a harvest!“Let us have a party tonight to celebrate , ” Mother suggested, “and ask Dad to come for a taste of our fresh peanuts.What do you say?” We all agreed, of course.Mother cooked the peanuts in different styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration.The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Dad came all the same.“Do you like peanuts?” Dad asked.“Yes!” we all answered eagerly.“But who can tell me what the peanut is good for?”
“It is very delicious to eat , ” my sister took the lead.“It is good for making cooking oil, ” my brother followed.“It is inexpensive , ” I said.“Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it.I think this is what it is good for.”
“Peanut is good for many things, ” Dad said, “but there is one thingthat is particularly good about it.Unlike apples, peaches or pomegranates that display their fruits up in the air, attracting you with their beautiful colours, peanut buries its fruit in the earth.It does not show itself until you dig it out when it is ripe and, unless you dig out, you can’t tell whether it bears fruit or not just by its frail stems above ground.”
“That’s true,” we all said and Mother nodded her assent.“So you should try to be like the peanut,” Dad went on, “because it is useful, though not great or attractive.”
“Do you mean, ” I asked, “we should learn to be useful but not seek to be great or attractive?”
“Yes, ” Dad said.“This is what I wish you to be.”
We stayed up late that night, eating all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us.But Father’s words remained vivid in my memory till this day.譯文3
The Peanut
Behind our house there was a patch of land.”It would be a pity to let it go wild.“ said Mother.” I suggest that since you are all so fond of peanuts you should grow some there.“
We children and the little maidservants were all delighted.Some of us bought seeds, some dug up the plot and others watered it.In just a few months we had a harvest.Mother said, ”Let' s have a harvest festival tonight and invite your father to taste our fresh peanuts.“
We all agreed.Mother made a variety of dishes using our peanuts and instructed that the festival should be held in the thatched pavilion in the garden.The weather was not very good that evening, but even Father put in an appearance , which was a rare event.”Do you all like peanuts?“ asked Father.”Yes!“ we all clamoured to reply.”Who can tell me what' s good about peanuts?“
”They taste good , “ said older sister.”They can be made into oil , “ said older brother.”Everybody can afford to buy them, whoever they might be, and everyone likes them.That' s what' s good about peanuts, “ said I.Father said, ”In fact the peanut has many uses, but the most valuable thing about this little nut is this: it' s not like the apple, peach or pomegranate , flaunting their bright , beautiful fruits on their branches for all to see and admire.The peanut lies buried in the soil, waiting until it is ripe before letting people dig it up.If ever you come across a shy peanut plant you cannot immediately tell whether or not it has any nuts.You have to find them to be certain.”
We all agreed with this and Mother nodded her head too.Father continued, “So you should all try to be like the peanut, because it is neither grand nor beautiful, but useful.”
“Does that mean that people should try to be useful rather than famous or great?” I asked.“That is what I hope of you all, ” Father replied.We talked late into the night before dispersing.Although we ate all the peanuts that evening, Father’s words still remain embedded in my mind.
第二篇:落花生的三種譯文
許地山·《落花生》英譯
劉士聰;張培基;楊憲益、戴乃迭 譯
我們屋后有半畝隙地。母親說:“讓它荒蕪著怪可惜,既然你們那么愛吃花生,就辟來做花生園罷。”我們幾姊弟和幾個小丫頭都很喜歡——買種的買種,動土的動土,灌園的灌園;過不了幾個月,居然收獲了!
媽媽說:“今年我們可以做一個收獲節,也請你們爹爹來嘗嘗我們的新花生,如何?”我們都答應了。母親把花生做成好幾樣的食品,還吩咐這節期要在園里底茅亭舉行。
那晚上的天色不大好,可是爹爹也到來,實在很難得!爹爹說:“你們愛吃花生么?”
我們都爭著答應:“愛!”
“誰能把花生的好處說出來?”
姊姊說:“花生的氣味很美。”
哥哥說:“花生可以制油。”
我說:“無論何等人都可以用賤價買它來吃;都喜歡吃它。這就是它的好處。”爹爹說:“花生的用處固然很多;但有一樣是很可貴的。這小小的豆不像那好看的蘋果、桃子、石榴,把它們底果實懸在枝上,鮮紅嫩綠的顏色,令人一望而發生羨慕的心。他只把果子埋在地底,等到成熟,對容人把他挖出來。你們偶然看見一棵花生瑟縮地長在地上,不能立刻辨出它有沒有果實,非得等到你接觸他才能知道。”
我們都說:“是的。”母親也點點頭。爹爹接下去說:“所以你們要像花生,因為他是有用的,不是偉大、好看的東西。”我說:“那么,人要做有用的人,不要做偉大、體面的人了。”爹爹說:“這是我對于你們的希望。”
我們談到夜闌才散,所有花生食品雖然沒有了,然而父親的話現在還印在我心版上。
The Peanut
Xu Dishan
At the back of our house there was half a mu of unused land.“It’s a pity to let it lie idle like that,” Mother said.“Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.” At that my brother, sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids.And then some went to buy seeds, some began to dig up the ground and others watered it and, in a couple of months, we had a harvest!
“Let us have a party tonight to celebrate,” Mother suggested, “and ask Dad to join us for a taste of our fresh peanuts.What do you say?” We all agreed, of course.Mother cooked the peanuts in a variety of styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration.The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Father came all the same.“Do you like peanuts?” Father asked.“Yes!” We all answered eagerly.“But who can tell me what the peanut is good for?”
“It is very delicious to eat,” my sister took the lead.“It is good for making oil,” my brother followed.“It is inexpensive,” I said.“Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it.I think this is what is good for.”
“Peanut is good for many things,” Father said, “but there is one thing that is
particularly good about it.Unlike apples, peaches and pomegranates that display their fruits up in the air, attracting you with their beautiful colors, peanut buries its fruit in the earth.It does not show itself until you dig it out when it is ripe and, unless you dig it out, you can’t tell it bears fruit or not just by its frail stem quivering above ground.”
“That’s true,” we all said and Mother nodded her assent, too.“So you should try to be like the peanut,” Father went on, “because it is useful, though not great or attractive.”
“Do you mean,” I asked, “we should learn to be useful but not seek to be great or attractive?”
“Yes,” Father said.“This is what I expect of you.”
We stayed up late that night, eating all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us.But father’s words remained vivid in my memory till this day.(劉世聰 譯)
Peanuts
Xu Dishan
Behind our house there lay half a mou vacant land.Mother said: “It’s a pity to let it lie waste.Since you all like to eat peanuts so very much, why not plant some here?” That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!
Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and inviting your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?” We all agreed.Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot.It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, father came
nevertheless.”Do you like peanuts?” asked father.“Yes, we do!”we vied in giving the answer.“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?”
“Peanuts taste good,” said my elder sister.“Peanuts produce edible oil,” said my elder sister.“Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them.Peanuts are everyone’s favourite.That’s why we call peanuts good.”
“It’s true that peanuts have many uses,” said father, “but they’re most beloved in one respect.Unlike nice-looking apples, peaches, and pomegranates, which hang their fruit on branches and win people’s admiration with their brilliant colours, tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain unearthed until they’re ripe.When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you touch them.”
“That’s true,” we said in unison.Mother also nodded.“So you must take after peanuts,” father continued, “because they’re useful though not great and
nice-looking.”
“Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking,” I said.“That’s what I expect of you,” father concluded.We kept chatting until the party broke up late at night.Today, though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts, father’s words remain engraved in my mind.(張培基 譯)
The Peanut
Xu Dishan
Behind our house there was a patch of land.“It would be a pity to let it go wild,” said Mother.“I suggest that since you are all so fond of peanuts you should grow some there.”
We children and the little maidservants were all delighted.Some of us bought seeds, some dug up the plot and others watered it.In just a few months we had a harvest.Mother said, “Let’s have a harvest festival tonight and invite your father to taste our fresh peanuts.”
We all agreed.Mother made a variety of dishes using our peanuts and instructed that the festival should be held in the thatched pavilion in the garden.The weather was not very good that evening, but even Father put in an
appearance, which was a rare event.“Do you all like peanuts?” asked Father.“Yes!” we all clamoured to reply.“Who can tell me what’s good about peanuts?”
“They taste good,” said older sister.“They can be made into oil,” said older brother.“Everybody can afford to buy them, whoever they might be, and everyone likes them.That’s what’s good about peanuts,” said I.Father said, “In fact the peanut has many uses, but the most valuable thing about this little nut is this: it’s not like the apple, peach or pomegranate, flaunting their bright, beautiful fruits on their branches for all to see and admire.The peanut lies buried in the soil, waiting until it is ripe before letting people dig it up.If ever you come across a shy peanut plant you cannot immediately tell whether or not it has any nuts.You have to find them to be certain.”
We all agreed with this and Mother nodded her head too.Father continued, “So you should all try to be like the peanut, because it is neither grand nor beautiful, but useful.”
“Does that mean that people should try to be useful rather than famous or great?” I asked.“That is what I hope of you all,” Father replied.We talked late into the night before dispersing.Although we ate all the peanuts that evening, Father’s words still remain embedded in my mind.(楊憲益、戴乃迭 譯)
第三篇:《童趣》賞析及譯文
18.閑情記趣
課文說明
這是一篇充滿童真童趣的文章。
作者以一顆天真爛漫的童心來觀察事物。在他的眼中,“夏蚊成雷”,如“群鶴舞空”,“又留蚊于素帳中,徐噴以煙,使其沖煙飛鳴,作青云白鶴觀,果如鶴唳云端,怡然稱快”。他“定神細視,以叢草為林,以蟲蚊為獸,以土礫凸者為丘,凹者為壑,神游其中,怡然自得。”在他的筆下,“一癩蝦蟆”也成為“龐然大物拔山倒樹而來”。明察秋毫的觀察力,特別是那顆鮮活生動、充滿奇思異想的童心,使這篇文章洋溢著新奇爛漫的童趣。
作者以生動的筆調,充分展開聯想與想像,運用比喻、夸張等修辭手法進行描寫,并通過“怡然稱快”“怡然自得”“呀然驚恐”等語句表明自己的心理活動,寫出了一種“物外之趣”。
關于練習
一、熟讀全文。說說課文哪些描寫富于童趣,你最喜歡哪些句子。參見“課文說明”及“有關資料”。
二、用下列詞語造句。明察秋毫
藐小
怡然自得
本題旨在通過造句練習,使學生注意這幾個詞語,以豐富語匯。
三、每個人的童年都會有很多“神游其中,怡然自得”的趣事。試把你的童年趣事,在小組或班上說給同學聽聽。
本題旨在使學生學習向課外延伸,訓練口語表達能力。教學建議
一、本文較為淺顯,應以學生自讀為主。自讀時先默讀,以疏通文字,了解文意;然后再通過朗讀、揣摩文章的妙處。待學生熟讀之后,可讓學生復述課文,并說說自己最喜歡哪些句子。最后,引導學生講述一下自己“神游其中,怡然自得”的童年趣事。
二、觀察昆蟲是童趣之一,學生大多有此體驗,讓學生講述自己觀察的情形。
三、誦讀文章,學生講述2、3、4段的內容。
四、教師引導學生思考:①“物外之趣”是如何產生的?觀察──聯想想像──玩弄。②寫心情的句子有什么作用?突出情趣。
五、寫一篇“觀察記趣”的短文,突出“物外之趣”。有關資料
一、《閑情記趣》賞析
《閑情記趣》是從清代沈復撰寫的《浮生六記·閑情記趣》中節選的。作者追憶了自己的童年生活,反映了兒童豐富的想像力和天真爛漫的童趣。文章沒有連貫的情節,只是先總后分地敘述了童年生活中的趣事。全文可分為兩部分。
第一部分(第1段),總寫童年時視覺敏銳,喜歡細致地觀察事物,常有意想不到的樂趣。“能張目對日,明察秋毫”,既反映小孩子視覺敏銳,又表現出孩子的稚氣、天真。“見藐小之物,必細察其紋理”,說明作者小時候善于細致地觀察細小事物,看到細微的事物中那些別人所不能看到的妙處,產生超然物外的樂趣。
第二部分(第2段至篇末),具體寫童年觀察景物的奇趣。
先寫夏天觀察蚊飛的樂趣。“夏蚊成雷”是夸張又是比喻,這里則是“我”從蚊群嗡嗡的聲音與悶雷聲相似的特點聯想到雷聲。而把蚊比作鶴,也是蚊子的體形、長足與鶴相像,這是孩子們的聯想。這些聯想不但照應了第一部分的“明察秋毫,見藐小之物,必細察其紋理”,同時也為下文作了鋪墊。“心之所向,則或千或百,果然鶴也”,心里這樣想,眼前就果然出現了群鶴飛舞的景觀。這是在前文聯想基礎上的想像,這正是“物外之趣”。而“留蚊于素帳中,徐噴以煙,使之沖煙而飛鳴,作青云白鶴觀,果如鶴唳云端,為之怡然稱快”,又是“我”創造性的聯想和想像,進一步體現了物外之趣。同時也反映了“我”知識豐富,但活動范圍狹小,沒有機會和條件接觸“青云白鶴”的實景,靠著豐富的想像仍然可以領略到書本上圖畫上所描繪的“青云白鶴”的實景。
再寫“我”觀察土墻、花臺和小蟲爭斗的樂趣。這里寫“我”觀察花臺草木,“以叢草為林,以蟲蚊為獸”神游其中,仍是表現“物外之趣”的。而觀蟲斗、驅蝦蟆的故事,不但緊扣“趣”字,說明“我”觀察入神,而且還能表現出“我”的正直可愛,天真無邪。
全文緊緊圍繞著一個“趣”字,揭示出兒童神奇美妙的內心世界。而這些“物外之趣”對大人來說似乎是閑情逸趣,可這卻是孩子們把他們的小世界與外面的成人大世界融合在一起的結果,這使我們聯想到孩子們“過家家”,視布娃娃為子、以紙盒子作屋的場面和樂趣,那么“我”視蚊為鶴、以草木為林,當然是真實可信的了,而且還能從中領略孩子們純真的感情和豐富的想像力與創造力,啟發我們進一步開發兒童的天性,培養發展他們的智力。
二、參考譯文
回憶起我小時候,(視力特別好)能睜大眼睛直視太陽,能看清秋天鳥兒新生出的最纖細的羽毛,(只要)見到細微的東西,一定要仔細察看它的紋理,因此常常產生超然物外的樂趣。
夏天(的傍晚),蚊子成群地飛,嗡嗡的叫聲像悶雷,(我)暗暗地把它們比作一群在空中飛舞的鶴。我心里這樣想,那成百上千的蚊子果然都變成鶴了。(我)昂著頭看,脖子也累得發僵了。(我)又把蚊子留在白色的睡帳中,慢慢地用煙噴它們,讓它們沖著煙霧飛叫,(我把這個景象)比作“青云白鶴”的景觀,果然它們就像白鶴在云端飛鳴,我高興得(不停地拍手)叫好。
我常在凹凸不平的土墻邊、花臺旁和小草叢生的地方蹲下身來,讓身子和花臺一樣高。聚精會神地仔細觀察,把草叢看作樹林,把蟲蚊想像成野獸,把凸起的土塊比作山丘,把低洼的地方當作壕溝,(我)便在其中安閑自在地神游。
有一天,(我)看見兩個小蟲在草間爭斗,我就仔細觀察,看得興致正濃時,突然一個家伙掀倒“山”壓倒“樹”走來,原來是一只癩蝦蟆,(它)舌頭一吐,兩只小蟲就全被它吞掉了。(當時)我年幼,正在出神地看(那兩只小蟲爭斗),(癩蝦蟆的到來)不覺使我猛然一驚。(等我)神情安定下來,(便)捉住了這蝦蟆,抽了它幾十鞭子,把它趕到別的院子去了。
三、作家作品介紹
1.沈復(1763—1822),清代文學家。字三白,號梅逸。長洲(今江蘇蘇州)人。少時奉父命習幕,曾在安徽績溪、上海青浦、江蘇揚州、湖北荊州、山東萊陽等地作幕僚。筆墨生涯,依人作嫁,沈復見盡熱鬧官場中卑鄙之狀,內心實為厭棄,欲從事藝術而不可能。所幸者有妻陳蕓,伉儷兼知己,情投意合,相敬如賓,在蘇州之滄浪亭畔及畫家魯璋之肖爽樓中,過了一段時期的優游自在生活。由于陳蕓不甘庸俗,失歡于翁姑,兩次被逐,沈復又常失館,貧困逼人,親友白眼相加,小家庭無法保全,子女離散,痛賦悼亡。陳蕓死后,得童年友人石韞玉之助,隨其赴四川重慶之任。嘉慶十三年(1808),經石韞玉推薦,作為赴琉球使團之正使齊鯤幕客,渡海參加冊封琉球國王之盛典。他在琉球那霸的大使館寫作了回憶錄《浮生六記》。書中記敘了他和陳蕓的家居生活、生離死別以及浪游各地之見聞,對山水園林及飲食起居均有獨到的評述,闡發了自己不同凡俗的觀點。后在江蘇如皋作幕僚。60歲時,友人顧翰為他寫了《壽沈三白布衣》詩,詩中說他無力買田去歸隱,夢魂常繞吳門,思歸故鄉。不久去世。
沈復平生好游覽山水,工詩善畫。除《浮生六記》外,詩稿散佚,僅存《望海》《雨中游山》及題畫詩數首。
2.《浮生六記》,清代小說。六卷。系沈復在嘉慶年間所寫的一部回憶錄。全書以抒情散文寫成,撰情入語,感人至深。書名取李白《春夜宴季弟桃李園序》中“浮生若夢,為歡幾何”之意,故題為《浮生六記》。各卷依次標題為《閨房記樂》《閑情記趣》《坎坷記愁》《浪游記快》《中山記歷》《養生記道》。今存前四記,后兩記已佚。
此書乃作者46歲時,隨同冊封琉球國王的使團渡海,在琉球那霸的大使館中寫成。其寫作時間在嘉慶十三年(1808)五月至十月。作者身處海外,回顧了自己大半生的遭遇,有可樂者亦有可憂者,感慨萬千。
書中以較多的篇幅,記敘了作者和亡妻陳蕓的家庭生活。兩人志趣投合,互相尊重體貼,伉儷情深,甘愿過一種布衣蔬食而從事藝術自得其樂的生活。卜居蘇州的滄浪亭與肖爽樓時,視為“不啻煙火神仙”“如梁上之燕,自去自來”。肖爽樓有四忌,即談官宦升遷,公廨時事,八股時文,看牌擲色。亦有四取,即慷慨豪爽,風流蘊藉,落拓不羈,澄靜緘默。由此可見其主人之胸襟與雅識。他們雖然身當“太平盛世”,且在“衣冠之家”,由于封建禮教的壓迫,陳蕓失翁姑之歡,兩次被逐,加上貧困生活的煎熬,終至其理想幻滅,兩人經歷了生離死別的慘痛,兒子送去當學徒,女兒送人作童養媳。一對美滿伴侶,終至悲劇結局。作者將歡愉與愁苦兩相對照,各有重筆渲染,顯得凄惻動人。
在這部回憶錄里,作者塑造了亡妻陳蕓的形象,林語堂謂之曰:“中國文學上一個最可愛的女人。”陳蕓是個柔和的女子,內心充滿激情。她不愛珠玉首飾,卻對破書殘畫倍加珍惜。古代詩人中她最推崇李白,認為其詩“宛如姑射仙子,有一種落花流水之趣”。她在肖爽樓中招待丈夫愛好藝術的朋友,拔釵沽酒,不動聲色,而且省儉雅潔。《閑情記趣》一章中記述了一些她的創造與發明。她有意識地與凡夫俗子相對抗,反其道而行之,因之招致翁姑的斥責。臨終她也絕不后悔自己的所作所為,對丈夫吐露了心中的話:“知己如君,得婿如此,妾已此生無憾。”
《浮生六記》可說是繼宋代李清照《金石錄后序》及明代歸有光《項脊軒志》之后的一部佳作。陳寅恪在《元白詩箋證稿》中說:“吾國文學,自來以禮法顧忌之故,不敢多言男女間關系,而于正式男女關系如夫婦者,尤少涉及。蓋閨房燕昵之情景,家庭米鹽之瑣屑,大抵不列載于篇章,惟以籠統之詞,概括言之而已。此后來沈三白《浮生六記》之閨房記樂,所以為例外創作,然其時代已距今較近矣。”俞平伯《重刊浮生六記序》,也稱贊此書:“雖有雕琢一樣的完美,卻不見一點斧鑿痕。猶之佳山佳水,明明是天開的圖畫,卻仿佛處處吻合人工的意匠。”
清道光年間,楊引傳在蘇州冷攤上獲得《浮生六記》手稿,其時后兩記已缺。道光二十九年(1849)王韜曾為之題跋,稱作者“筆墨之間,纏綿哀感,一往情深。”光緒三年(1877)楊引傳以王韜之介將此手稿交上海申報館以活字版排印,距成書已70年。此書后有多種版本,1923年北京樸社出版了俞平伯校點本,后附《浮生六記年表》。1980年人民文學出版社重新排印。此書有英、法、日、德、俄等譯本,在海外亦頗傳誦。
1935年世界書局出版《美化名著叢刊》,收有《浮生六記足本》,補全之后兩記皆是偽作。鄭逸梅《清娛漫筆》中之《浮生六記的偽作》及《書報話舊》中之《三種偽書》均有此論。據考證,《中山記歷》一卷系抄襲李鼎元的《使琉球記》,加以改頭換面。李鼎元是嘉慶五年(1800)冊封琉球國王的副使,去琉球的時間比沈復早8年。將李作冒充沈作,真所謂“張冠李戴”。最后一卷,原標題為《養生記道》,“足本”篡改為《養生記逍》,其內容系剽竊張英《聰訓齋語》和曾國藩《求闕齋日記類抄》等書,拼湊而成。
第四篇:《聲聲慢》譯文及賞析
引導語:李清照的《聲聲慢》想必有不少人都有學過,亦是一首非常經典的詞,那么接下來是小編為你帶來收集整理的《聲聲慢》譯文及賞析,歡迎閱讀!
聲聲慢·尋尋覓覓
宋代:李清照
尋尋覓覓,冷冷清清,凄凄慘慘戚戚。乍暖還寒時候,最難將息。三杯兩盞淡酒,怎敵他、晚來風急?雁過也,正傷心,卻是舊時相識。
滿地黃花堆積。憔悴損,如今有誰堪摘?守著窗兒,獨自怎生得黑?梧桐更兼細雨,到黃昏、點點滴滴。這次第,怎一個愁字了得!
譯文
苦苦地尋尋覓覓,卻只見冷冷清清,怎不讓人凄慘悲戚。乍暖還寒的時節,最難保養休息。喝三杯兩杯淡酒,怎么能抵得住早晨的寒風急襲?一行大雁從眼前飛過,更讓人傷心,因為都是舊日的相識。
園中菊花堆積滿地,都已經憔悴不堪,如今還有誰來采摘?冷清清地守著窗子,獨自一個人怎么熬到天黑?梧桐葉上細雨淋漓,到黃昏時分,還是點點滴滴。這般情景,怎么能用一個“愁”字了結!
注釋
⑴尋尋覓覓:意謂想把失去的一切都找回來,表現非常空虛悵惘、迷茫失落的心態。
⑵凄凄慘慘戚戚:憂愁苦悶的樣子。
⑶乍暖還(huán)寒:指秋天的天氣,忽然變暖,又轉寒冷。
⑷將息:舊時方言,休養調理之意。
⑸怎敵他:對付,抵擋。晚:一本作“曉”。
⑹損:表示程度極高。
⑺堪:可。
⑻著:亦寫作“著”。
⑼怎生:怎樣的。生:語助詞。
⑽梧桐更兼細雨:暗用白居易《長恨歌》“秋雨梧桐葉落時”詩意。
⑾這次第:這光景、這情形。
⑿怎一個愁字了得:一個“愁”字怎么能概括得盡呢?
賞析
靖康之變后,李清照國破,家亡,夫死,傷于人事。這時期她的作品再沒有當年那種清新可人,淺斟低唱,而轉為沉郁凄婉,主要抒寫她對亡夫趙明誠的懷念和自己孤單凄涼的景況。此詞便是這時期的典型代表作品之一。
這首詞起句便不尋常,一連用七組疊詞。不但在填詞方面,即使在詩賦曲也絕無僅有。但好處不僅在此,這七組疊詞還極富音樂美。宋詞是用來演唱的,因此音調和諧是一個很重要的內容。李清照對音律有極深造詣,所以這七組疊詞朗讀起來,便有一種大珠小珠落玉盤的感覺。只覺齒舌音來回反復吟唱,徘徊低迷,婉轉凄楚,有如聽到一個傷心之極的人在低聲傾訴,然而她還未開口就覺得已能使聽眾感覺到她的憂傷,而等她說完了,那種傷感的情緒還是沒有散去。一種莫名其妙的愁緒在心頭和空氣中彌漫開來,久久不散,余味無窮。
心情不好,再加上這種乍暖還寒天氣,詞人連覺也睡不著了。如果能沉沉睡去,那么還能在短暫的時間內逃離痛苦,可是越想入眠就越難以入眠,于是詞人就很自然想起亡夫來。披衣起床,喝一點酒暖暖身子再說吧。可是寒冷是由于孤獨引起的,而飲酒與品茶一樣,獨自一人只會覺得分外凄涼。
端著一杯淡酒,而在這天暗云低,冷風正勁的時節,卻突然聽到孤雁的一聲悲鳴,那種哀怨的聲音直劃破天際,也再次劃破了詞人未愈的傷口,頭白鴛鴦失伴飛。詞人感嘆:唉,雁兒,你叫得這樣凄涼幽怨,難道你也像我一樣,老年失偶了嗎?難道也像我一樣,余生要獨自一人面對萬里層山,千山暮雪嗎?胡思亂想之下,淚光迷蒙之中,驀然覺得那只孤雁正是以前為自己傳遞情書的那一只。無可奈何花落去,似曾相識燕歸來。舊日傳情信使仍在,而秋娘與蕭郎已死生相隔,人鬼殊途了,物是人非事事休,欲語淚先流。這一奇思妙想包含著無限無法訴說的哀愁。
這時看見那些菊花,才發覺花兒也已憔悴不堪,落紅滿地,再無當年那種“東籬把酒黃昏后,有暗香盈袖”的雅致了。詞人想:以往丈夫在世時的日子多么美好,詩詞唱和,整理古籍,可如今呢?只剩下自己一個人在受這無邊無際的孤獨的煎熬了。故物依然,人面全非。“舊時天氣舊時衣,只有情懷,不得似往時。”獨對著孤雁殘菊,更感凄涼。手托香腮,珠淚盈眶。怕黃昏,捱白晝。對著這陰沉的天,一個人要怎樣才能熬到黃昏的來臨呢?漫長使孤獨變得更加可怕。獨自一人,連時間也覺得開始變慢起來。
好不容易等到了黃昏,卻又下起雨來。點點滴滴,淅淅瀝瀝的,無邊絲雨細如愁,而下得人心更煩了。再看到屋外那兩棵梧桐,雖然在風雨中卻互相扶持,互相依靠,但是兩相對比,自己一個人要凄涼多了。
急風驟雨,孤雁殘菊梧桐,眼前的一切,使詞人的哀怨重重疊疊,直至無以復加,不知怎樣形容,也難以表達出來。于是詞人再也不用什么對比,什么渲染,什么賦比興了,直截了當地說:“這次第,怎一個愁字了得?”簡單直白,反而更覺神妙,更有韻味,更堪咀嚼。相形之下,連李煜的“問君能有幾多愁,恰似一江春水向東流”也稍覺失色。一江春水雖然無窮無盡,但畢竟還可形容得出。而詞人的愁緒則非筆墨所能形容,自然稍勝一籌。
前人評此詞,多以開端三句用一連串疊字為其特色。但只注意這一層,不免失之皮相。詞中寫主人公一整天的愁苦心情,卻從“尋尋覓覓”開始,可見她從一起床便百無聊賴,如有所失,于是東張西望,那仿佛飄流在海洋中的人要抓到點什么才能得救似的,希望找到點什么來寄托自己的空虛寂寞。下文“冷冷清清”,是“尋尋覓覓”的結果,不但無所獲,還反被一種孤寂清冷的氣氛襲來,使自己感到凄慘憂戚。于是緊接著再寫了一句“凄凄慘慘戚戚”。僅此三句,一種由愁慘而凄厲的氛圍已籠罩全篇,使讀者不禁為之屏息凝神。這乃是百感迸發于中,不得不吐之為快,所謂“欲罷不能”的結果。
“乍暖還寒時候”這一句也是此詞的難點之一。而此詞作于秋天,但秋天的氣候應該說“乍寒還暖”,只有早春天氣才能用得上“乍暖還寒”。這是寫的一日之晨,而非寫一季之候。秋日清晨,朝陽初出,故言“乍暖”;但曉寒猶重,秋風砭骨,故言“還寒”。至于“時候”二字,有人以為在古漢語中應解為“節候”;但柳永《永遇樂》云:“薰風解慍,晝景清和,新霽時候。”由陰雨而新霽,自屬較短暫的時間,可見“時候”一詞在宋時已與現代漢語無殊了。“最難將息”句則與上文“尋尋覓覓”句相呼應,說明從一清早自己就不知如何是好。
下面的“三杯兩盞淡酒,怎敵他曉來風急”,正與上文“乍暖還寒”相合。古人晨起于卯時飲酒,又稱“扶頭卯酒”。這里說用酒消愁是不抵事的。至于下文“雁過也”的“雁”,是南來秋雁,而正是往昔在北方見到的,所以說“正傷心,卻是舊時相識”了。《唐宋詞選釋》說:“雁未必相識,卻云‘舊時相識’者,寄懷鄉之意。趙嘏《寒塘》:‘鄉心正無限,一雁度南樓。’詞意近之。”
上片從一個人尋覓無著,寫到酒難澆愁;風送雁聲,反而增加了思鄉的惆悵。于是下片由秋日高空轉入自家庭院。園中開滿了菊花,秋意正濃。這里“滿地黃花堆積”是指菊花盛開,而非殘英滿地。“憔悴損”是指自己因憂傷而憔悴瘦損,但也不是指菊花枯萎凋謝。正由于自己無心看花,雖值菊堆滿地,卻不想去摘它賞它,這才是“如今有誰堪摘”的確解。然而人不摘花,花當自萎;及花已損,則欲摘已不堪摘了。這里既寫出了自己無心摘花的郁悶,又透露了惜花將謝的情懷,筆意比唐人杜秋娘所唱的“有花堪折直須折,莫待無花空折枝”還要深遠多了。
從“守著窗兒”以下,寫獨坐無聊,內心苦悶之狀,比“尋尋覓覓”三句又進一層。“守著”句如依張惠言《詞選》斷句,以“獨自”連上文。秦觀(一作無名氏)《鷓鴣天》下片:“無一語,對芳樽,安排腸斷到黃昏。甫能炙得燈兒了,雨打梨花深閉門”,與此詞意境相近。但秦詞從人對黃昏有思想準備方面著筆,李則從反面說,好像天有意不肯黑下來而使人尤為難過。“梧桐”兩句不僅脫胎淮海,而且兼用溫庭筠《更漏子》下片“梧桐樹,三更雨,不道離情正苦;一葉葉,一聲聲,空階滴到明”詞意,把兩種內容融而為一,筆更直而情更切。最后以“怎一個愁字了得”句作收,也是蹊徑獨辟之筆。自庾信以來,或言愁有千斛萬斛,或言愁如江如海(分別見李煜、秦觀詞),總之是極言其多。這里卻化多為少,只說自己思緒紛茫復雜,僅用一個“愁”字如何包括得盡。妙在又不說明于一個“愁”字之外更有什么心情,即戛然而止,仿佛不了了之。表面上有“欲說還休”之勢,實際上已傾瀉無遺,淋漓盡致了。
這首詞大氣包舉,別無枝蔓,相關情事逐一說來,卻始終緊扣悲秋之意,深得六朝抒情小賦之神髓,而以接近口語的樸素清新的語言譜入新聲,運用凄清的音樂性語言進行抒情,又卻體現了倚聲家的不假雕飾的本色,誠屬個性獨具的抒情名作。
第五篇:滿江紅譯文及賞析
原文:
滿江紅·暮雨初收
柳永
暮雨初收,長川靜、征帆夜落。臨島嶼、蓼煙疏淡,葦風蕭索。幾許漁人飛短艇,盡載燈火歸村落。遣行客、當此念回程,傷漂泊。
桐江好,煙漠漠。波似染,山如削。繞嚴陵灘畔,鷺飛魚躍。游宦區區成底事,平生況有云泉約。歸去來、一曲仲宣吟,從軍樂。
滿江紅翻譯:
傍晚的落雨剛剛停止,桐江一片寂靜,遠征的航船在夜幕中靠岸停泊。對面的島嶼上,水蓼稀疏霧靄寒涼,秋風吹拂蘆葦蕭索作響。多少漁人行駛著小船,卻只見船上的燈火飛快地回歸村落。對此令我思念起回歸的路程,對漂泊生活產生了厭倦而憂傷的情緒。
桐江景色美麗,霧靄漠漠密布,好似浸入了水波之中,山峰如刀削一般,白鷺和魚兒圍繞嚴陵瀨飛翔和跳躍。游宦生涯跋涉辛苦一事無成,何況早就有歸隱云山泉石的心愿。回歸吧,羨慕淵明的躬耕田園,厭倦仲宣的從軍艱苦。
滿江紅字詞解釋:
⑴滿江紅:詞牌名,唐人小說《冥音錄》載曲名為《上江虹》,后改今名。柳永始填此調,有仄韻、平韻兩體,此詞為仄韻,為正體。《樂章集》注“仙呂調”,高栻詞注“南呂調”。格調沉郁激昂,前人用以發抒懷抱,佳作頗多。雙調九十三字,上片八句四仄韻,下片十句五仄韻。
⑵長川靜:長河一片平靜。川,指江河。征帆:遠行船上之帆。
⑶蓼煙:籠罩著蓼草的煙霧。蓼,水蓼,一種生長在水邊的植物。
⑷葦風:吹拂蘆葦的風。蕭索:象聲詞,形容風聲。元稹《酬樂天雪中見寄》:“知君夜聽風蕭索,曉望林亭雪半糊。”
⑸幾許:有幾個。短艇:輕快的小艇。
⑹遣:使,令。行客:詞人自謂。回程:回家的路程。
⑺桐江:在今浙江桐廬縣北,即錢塘江中游自嚴州至桐廬一段的別稱。又名富春江。
⑻漠漠:彌漫的樣子。杜甫《茅屋為秋風所破歌》:“俄頃風定云墨色,秋天漠漠向昏黑。”
⑼嚴陵灘:又名嚴灘、嚴陵瀨。在桐江畔。
⑽游宦:春秋戰國時期,士人離開本國至他國謀求官職,謂之游宦,后泛指為當官而到處飄蕩。底事:何事,為了什么事呢?
⑾云泉約:與美麗的景色相約,引申為歸隱山林之意。云泉,泛指美麗的景色。
⑿歸去來:趕緊回去吧。陶潛著《歸去來兮辭》以抒歸隱之志,故后用“歸去來”為歸隱之典。仲宣:三國時王粲的字,王粲初依荊州劉表,未被重用,作《登樓賦》,以抒歸土懷鄉之情。后為曹操所重,從曹操西征張魯。
⒀從軍樂:即《從軍行》。王粲曾作《從軍行》五首,主要抒發行役之苦和思婦之情。
滿江紅賞析:
這首詞抒發了詞人對游宦生涯的厭倦和對歸隱生活的向往之情。
桐江秋夜,秋風蕭索,霧靄密布,山峰如削,景色凄涼,加之漁火回歸,鷺魚自適,怎不令詞人“念回程,傷漂泊。”,怎不令詞人感嘆“游宦區區成底事,平生況有云泉約。”此時此刻,詞人一心羨慕淵明的躬耕田園,厭倦仲宣的從軍艱辛,終于忍不住高喊——歸去來兮!
嚴陵灘畔,即嚴陵瀨,是漢代嚴光(字子陵)釣魚處。嚴子陵因不屈就所任諫議大夫的官職而隱耕于富春山。王粲,字仲宣,作《從軍五首》,寫從軍的辛苦與對故鄉的懷念。陶淵明,作《歸去來兮辭》。
這首詞與柳永的另一首《思歸樂(天幕清和堪宴聚)》詞表現“歸隱”情緒手法相同,都是觸景生情。所不同的是,前者因凄涼的桐江秋夜景色而生情,后者因“宴飲聚會”和“佳麗歌舞”而生情。景生情,情生景,情景交融。桐江秋夜之景無不染上詞人厭倦宦游、向往歸隱的心緒。
不過,由于柳永平生追求功名與愛情,“歸去來兮”也只是空喊而已,就如同這東流的桐江之水,終難歸去。
一說“一曲仲宣吟,從軍樂。”是詞人寫仲宣作《登樓賦》抒其歸土懷鄉之情,后為曹操所重,晚年從軍,以此表達詞人希望自己也能得明主一售的愿望。這倒也符合柳永一貫的價值取向,但恐有違本詞主題。
傍晚的落雨剛剛停止,桐江一片寂靜,遠征的航船在夜幕中靠岸停泊。對面的島嶼上,水蓼稀疏霧靄寒涼,秋風吹拂蘆葦蕭索作響。多少漁人行駛著小船,卻只見船上的燈火飛快地回歸村落。對此令遠行客思念起回歸的路程,并對漂泊生活產生了厭倦而憂傷的情緒。
桐江景色美麗,霧靄漠漠密布,好似浸入了水波之中,山峰如刀削一般,白鷺和魚兒圍繞嚴陵瀨飛翔和跳躍。游宦生涯跋涉辛苦一事無成,何況早就有歸隱云山泉石的心愿。回歸吧,羨慕淵明的躬耕田園,厭倦仲宣的從軍艱辛。
個人資料:
柳永(約984年—約1053年),原名三變,字景莊,后改名柳永,字耆卿,因排行第七,又稱柳七,福建崇安人,北宋著名詞人,婉約派代表人物。
柳永出身官宦世家,少時學習詩詞,有功名用世之志。咸平五年(1002年),柳永離開家鄉,流寓杭州、蘇州,沉醉于聽歌買笑的浪漫生活之中。大中祥符元年(1008年),柳永進京參加科舉,屢試不中,遂一心填詞。景祐元年(1034年),柳永暮年及第,歷任睦州團練推官、余杭縣令、曉峰鹽堿、泗州判官等職,以屯田員外郎致仕,故世稱柳屯田。
柳永是第一位對宋詞進行全面革新的詞人,也是兩宋詞壇上創用詞調最多的詞人。柳永大力創作慢詞,將敷陳其事的賦法移植于詞,同時充分運用俚詞俗語,以適俗的意象、淋漓盡致的鋪敘、平淡無華的白描等獨特的藝術個性,對宋詞的發展產生了深遠影響。