第一篇:英語比較性的作文
City Life and Suburban Life
1.最近幾年越來越多的人遷往近郊居住
2.城市生活和近郊生活各有特點
3.比較起來,我喜歡的是…
(1)In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards as the activities of business, government and pleasure tend to be concentrated in the centers of the cities.(2)Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs.(3)It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason people can’t bear to part with city life.(4)But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high.(5)Just think of the places where we live, full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and lorries day and night, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.(6)Besides, as the housing problem in the central city gets more serious, people have to pay high rents for very tiny flats which I would certainly disdain to live in.(7)In contrast, living near the countryside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings—the essentials of a healthy life.(8)Nothing can be compared, as the pace of modern life is getting quicker, with the first cock crow, the twittering of birds at dawn, and sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and green fields.(9)Although living in the suburbs you may suffer a little discomfort brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, the situation will change soon as many highways and subways are being constructed.(10)The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities;and with the development of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life.Newspaper as a Better Source of News
1.現在許多人都從電視上得知天下事
2.但我認為報紙是獲取消息的更好來源
3.其理由是…
(1)For most of us today, television has become our main source of daily news.(2)This is unfortunate, however, because for several reasons newspapers should be regarded as a better source.(3)It is true that television news can vividly bring into our living rooms dramatic events of singular importance, such as space launchings, natural disasters, wars and so on, but it can not cover important stories in the depth they may deserve because of its time limitation.(4)On the contrary, print news excels in its ability to devote as much space to a story as it sees fit, though it can not compete with television visually.(5)Besides, television is essentially a passive medium.(6)Whether we like a particular piece of
news or not, all we have to do is sit in front of the tube and “let it happen”.(7)But a newspaper reader can select what he is interested in, skip what he thinks is boring or irrelevant and read it any time he likes to.(8)Most importantly, if all of us get news and information exclusively from television, there will be a decline in general literacy.(9)By contrast, although to follow and absorb a newspaper article is a little bit hard as it requires a high level of mental involvement, it helps to develop one’s intellectual skills.(10)When we consider television versus newspaper papers on the basis of nature, format and coverage, shouldn’t we think the latter is a better source of our daily news.How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic?
1.為解決交通難,有人建議多造馬路
2.有人則建議限制自行車和小汽車
3.我的看法
(1)Nowadays, heavy traffic has become the source of greatest complaint in many big cities.(2)As it has seriously influenced people’s daily life and economic development, the highest priority of governments has been given to the problem and many experts have been called in for advice.(3)A great number of solutions are being offered.(4)Some people suggest that more streets and roads should be constructed.(5)The advantage is obvious: it can reduce traffic density and hence speed up the flow of buses and cars.(6)But traffic flows constantly rise to fill whatever scale of roads and highways are provided for them.(7)And in a city with booming industry, land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used for traffic.(8)So others argue that the number of bicycles and cars should be limited while more bus routes should be opened up because buses can accommodate more passengers.(9)But the decrease in the number of bicycles and cars might give rise to another new set of problems, such as inconvenience to people.(10)Since neither of the suggestions can effectively solve the problem of heavy traffic, there is an increased awareness that the two solutions may be combined with other possible solutions to produce the best effect.College Lectures and Discussion
1.大學里教學有講授和討論兩種
2.這兩種方式有什么長處和不足
3.我的看法
What is the difference between the lecture system and the discussion system---the two teaching methods prevalent on campus both at home and abroad? As a senior, it is not very difficult for me to tell: they have both strengths and weaknesses.Many students like the lecture system because it helps to learn quickly and much more.Attending a well-prepared lecture is a most rewarding experience: it can open a new horizon for you and save your much time as well—time you might otherwise spend reading one book after another.Yet the fault of the lecture system is that it cultivates a bad habit of passive learning.Students bring their notebooks and even tape recorders to class to write everything down without thinking for themselves, let alone raise any question.On the contrary the discussion system encourages students to form their own ideas and opinions.To engage in frequent and even heated debate, you have to do a lot of homework beforehand, find answers yourselves and thus you develop the analytical skills which benefit both your academic career and your future life.However, it also has its weakness: students do not learn systematically.In my opinion, both the systems must be improved and a hybrid method may gain more popularity among us students.
第二篇:比較性辯題
外國語與國際教育學院辯論隊12級新生培訓1
一,常識:
1,標準:
1,標準的缺失性比較
沒有XXXX,XXXX就更重要。
Eg:革新思想還是革新技術更重要
沒有技術、光有思想是不行的,可這能論證?革新技術更重要?嗎?”辯手把“更”字念得很重,接下來忽然語速加快、順勢一轉,“那我一樣也可以說,在你的例子中——沒有思想、光有技術也是萬萬不行的,——按您的邏輯,是不是革新思想也就更重要了?”
這是重要,還是必要?必要不等于重要
2,辯題關鍵字
關鍵不是思想和技術誰更重要,而是革新哪個更重要?重點是革新~~ 決定一個木桶水容量的,不是最長的那塊板,而是最短的那塊板。”
“所以要增加水的容量,最關鍵是修補最短的那塊板。”
“所以辯題討論的不是技術和思想誰更重要!
——而是技術和思想的“革新”誰更重要。,3,領導人說一句話不能放之四海而皆準 4,問題要刁鉆,既不好回答,也不好回避。
問題要簡潔,張口即來,易于重復追問。
二,分析比較型辯題,常見的思路有四種——
第一種,標準法。
提出一個強大的、令人信服的比較標準,在這一標準下,誰更重要一目了然、顯而易見。
第二種,關系法。
分析兩者的相互關系,論證其中一方起主導作用。
記得提到這一點的時候,你一般會聽辯手說,根據馬克思主義哲學原理,比較誰更重要,要看誰是主要矛盾,起主導作用,決定了事物的發展方向。我敢打包票,這句話已經在上萬場辯論賽中出現過了。
從這個思路走的話,你會聽到很多諸如此類的詞——決定,主導,核心,根源,根本,本質,目的……”
例子:
正方:思想革新源于技術革新,需要技術革新的檢驗和支持。
反方:技術是一把雙刃劍,需要正確思想的引導。
在這個戰場雙方的戰略意圖已經一覽無余,都是想從雙方的關系入手、一口吃掉對方,都是想證明自己才是起決定作用
——決定了對方的“流程、流量、流向和流速”。
雙方是在互相包辯題
關系法的一個變體是“取舍法”,即故意把比較的雙方居于絕對矛盾的狀態,你必須作出取一舍一的抉擇,而此時此刻的最終取舍就反映了你心中的價值排序。
比如“堅持理想和堅持現實誰更重要”的時候,主打的就是“當理想與現實沖突時,你選擇哪一個”。
外國語與國際教育學院辯論隊12級新生培訓1
或者添加合理前提:如1,體育明星偶像化是否有利于體育發展-------放在我國的環境下來探討,2,應不應禁止吸煙-------正方添加條件:在公眾場合中應禁止 反方添加條件------某些特殊行業不吸煙會出事故
第三種,置換法。
就是把要比較的兩個概念轉換成兩個新概念,而兩個新概念誰更重要是一目了然、顯而易見的。
這就好像,如果要論證A比B更重要,把A轉換成C+,把B轉換成C-。
或者把A轉換成C,把B轉換成D,而C又是明顯重于D的。
舉一個例子。愚公移山更好,還是愚公搬家更好——
如果把愚公移山轉換成面對困難,愚公搬家轉換成逃避困難,則愚公移山肯定優于愚公搬家。
如果把愚公移山轉換成直接但低效的辦法,愚公搬家轉換成變通卻高效的辦法,則愚公搬家肯定優于愚公移山。
第四種,打平法。
就是在所有對方優勢的戰場力求和對手打平,然后在我方開辟的主戰場一舉勝出。簡言之就是——
你有的優點我也有,你沒有的我更有!
“為什么是打平,而不是打贏呢?”
本來就是對方的優勢戰場,能打成旗鼓相當已經很不錯了,你還想贏?就算能贏,論證難度有多大,要耗掉多少時間精力?等你好不容易贏了,還有時間展開自己的主戰場嗎?”
而如果不展開自己的主戰場,我們的核心觀點又如何有效地傳遞給觀眾呢?
例子:現代社會更需要比爾還是保爾: 也是用不斷的“打平”——
比爾創造了巨大的財富,可保爾也創造了巨大的精神財富啊!
比爾有了革命性的創新,可保爾也寫出了第一部無產階級巨著《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》,這不是革命性的創舉嗎?
通過各種打平堵住對方的進攻之后,才是那句“從本質上看……”
理論應用:比賽的木桶理論,正方常用的表述就是“比較誰更重要——根本無法論證今天的辯題,因為雙方都是重要的,就像左手和右手,男人和女人,所以我們要看的——”要么就是因為這樣那樣的原因“在這個層面我們根本比較不出來,我們只能去看——”
無須多問,這里“所以要看的”或者“只能去看的”,肯定就是他們的優勢戰場了。
“這就像《孫子兵法》說的那樣,先為不可勝,以待敵之可勝。“我們的立論布局要——立于不敗之地,不失敵之敗也!”
雙方不可能都利于不敗之地,一個辯題本來就要看邏輯、事實、價值等各個層面,拼的又不可能只是立論。”
三.戰場劃分
外國語與國際教育學院辯論隊12級新生培訓1
對于辯論賽愛好者來說:很容易聯想到,我們辯論賽場就象一場法庭辯論一樣,正反雙方,誰能讓觀眾更加堅信和肯定己方提出的論證,誰就能獲得更多的勝算,從信息傳播角度來說,惜時如金的辯論賽場,只要能在單位時間內更有效率的提出對我方有利的證據以及論點,單位時間內找出更多的對方論證邏輯鏈中的問題,形式對我方就更有利。在辯論賽前,如果能夠正確的進行戰場的劃分,就可以更有效的實現以上所述的目標。
什么是辯論賽的戰場呢?就是我們在辯論比賽(主要是自由辯論)時候所探討的話題。包括拋給對方的問題以及如何應對對方的問題。
跟軍事斗爭地利的爭奪相比,辯論賽的戰場優勢的爭奪更有其緊張激烈的地方。我們需要判斷,哪個話題是對我們有利的,哪個話題需要我們更多的準備時間,那些話題是我們必須提出的,那些話題是對方必然提出的,這些判斷就相當于戰場上對地形以及必爭之地的認定,我們稱之為辯論賽戰場劃分。
對方如何利用對于我們不利的話題進行準備,對于某個話題我們應該如何進行補充的論證,如何防止對方在對其不利的話題上轉移到對我方不利的話題上,這個就相當于戰爭當中對地利的爭奪,其相關的戰術,都是建立在對辯論賽戰場正確的劃分的基礎上的。
所謂戰場劃分,可以從以下幾個方面進行理解。
第一,按照直觀上的有利不利進行劃分
這個很好理解,很多并沒有深入研究過辯論賽的人,在初次比賽的時候也會自覺或不自覺的應用。比如,《煙草業發展利大于弊/弊大于利》這個辯題,對于全民健身運動這個話題(也就是這個戰場)來說,對于正方是不利的,在比賽的時候,正方就盡量不在這個話題上和對手交鋒,而反方則盡量和對方在這個話題上進行探討。
當然對于自己不利,并不是絕對不談這個話題,當對方談到這個話題的時候,必須作好反擊,逃避話題是很可能大丟印象分的,場下的準備和臨場的反應就很重要,當然了,準備的很充分了,對自己的臨場反應也很自信了,也千萬不要在比賽時候主動把這個問題拋出來,在比賽時候主動談對自己不利的話題絕對是不講究語言效率的盲動。當然了,在準備充分的情況下,雖然不可以主動拋出這個話題,但是可以隱蔽的引誘對方,讓對方進入這個表面上或實質上對自己不利的話題,然后趁著對方心理上的過于自信,在該話題的利用遠遠超過對方的勤奮進行伏擊,是可行的。
比如,學成應不應歸國,這是個對正方有利的話題,但反方拋出了時間點的問題學成后不應歸國而是應積累經驗再歸國(實際上把辯題變成了學成應不應立即歸國)由于正方沒有反方準備的更充分,所以吃了大虧。
再來談對自己有利的話題,要注意這樣一點,并不要因為這個話題
對自己有利,就不要認真準備,相反要更加認真的準備,剛才的例子,已經說明僅僅因為話題對自己有利就不加以充分準備就會吃大虧。因為話題對我們有利,我們就必須要作好充分準備,只要在比賽時候,只要談到這個話題,我們就必須占據絕對優勢。另外,也要設計一 3
外國語與國際教育學院辯論隊12級新生培訓1
些配套的戰術,如果對方逃逸這個話題,怎么又把話題拉回來,如果對方在這個話題上吃了虧,怎么通過追問,讓對方這個虧吃的更大!
第二,通過準備充分性進行劃分
如果初了解辯論賽,就能想到這種層次的劃分,就可以稱的上入門了。劃分戰場的時候,必須充分意識到,哪些自己不可讓步必須充分準備的,哪些是對方不可讓步對方必須充分準備的。
這個劃分我認為與第一種劃分的區分并不明顯。能看出兩種分法的不同才能真正的有效的利用這種劃分方法實現辯論賽戰術上的勝利
其實,著兩種分法,本來就是同構同質的,不同的是出發點,在戰術考慮上前面的分法更多是以我為主,這個分法更多的是以敵為主。
前面的更多的考慮自己,后面的更多的考慮對方。
在劃分的指導意義,前面更多的是考慮立論的框架,后面的更多的是考慮立論的底線
比如,錢是/不是萬惡之源,這個“萬”是正方不可讓步的,在自由辯論時候,反方馬大指出,這個萬是全部的意思,如果指出一個惡的源不是錢,就可以推翻對方的立論,而正方武漢大學,并沒有意識到這里是不可讓步的------關于“萬”應該是很多意思,在比賽時候關于萬的定義,拋的很少,而且拋的很晚。結果非常被動。
這里大家應該充分理解第一種分法和第二種分法的不同了吧!
第一種,關于對于自己不利的,不能主動拋出;而第二種,關于自己不可讓步的,可以主動拋出,而且要多次(至少是充分)的拋出。
再舉個例子,《法制可以消除腐敗/不可以消除腐敗》在這個辯題里面,“消除”的定義是什么,對于正方來說,意義和剛才那個“萬”一樣,是正方必須考慮早點拋出,多拋出!在網絡的發展對于文學來說是福音/是災難,對于反方來說,“災難”不能被正方那樣理解成為“滅頂之災”,而應該理解成為
影響大的災難,這個“災難”的定義,就是反方必須充分準備,要早拋出,多拋出的。
第三,從論證義務來進行劃分
就是要明確哪些是,在比賽時候應該充分論證的,哪些是應該論證的,哪些是不需要,甚至是絕對不應該論證的。
在比賽時候,我們的論證義務在原則上是越少越好,而不應該 仗著準備充分,把論證義務越搞越多。減少闡述!!用一句話來表達自由辯論和規范陳詞的 4
外國語與國際教育學院辯論隊12級新生培訓1
關系,“當你在自由辯論時候,有了想解釋的沖動,你的規范陳詞就是失敗的”,對于戰場劃分和自由辯論的關系同樣應該這樣理解,在自由辯論時候,如果論證的義務太多,又不能推卸掉,就只好
拼命的解釋自己是如何論證的,這樣會浪費大量的寶貴的時間。
舉個例子吧。
在松散式管理對于大學生培養利大于弊/弊大于利這個辯題里面,對于正方來說,其論證義務僅僅是證明:在條件具備下,在適合松散式管理的大學中,實行松散式管理利大于弊。
其附加義務:
義務1,這樣的大學現實中是存在的;義務2,適合將來推行的大學現在有很多;義務3,對于這些大學來說,松散式管理有意義。
可見這個辯題,在附加義務上,論證起來有難度,即使成功論證了對于自己的辯題沒有什么幫助,如何論證失敗了,影響非常惡劣,在微觀經濟學判斷上,叫做“成則利小敗則損大”
反方為了增加正方的論證義務,就責問對方;
為什么母校沒有實行松散式管理。
這個時候,正方應該意識到自己只要證明實行了松散式和將要實行
松散式的大學好處多多,而不應該去論證母校也是松散式管理。
即使真要論證對于母校松散式管理利大于弊,也應該論證,對于母校來說,將來實行松散式管理是利大于弊的。而不應該強出頭,論證普天之下,松散式對于任何大學都是利大于弊的。這樣的話,要浪費多少時間,很多真正該證明的東西反而沒有時間證明。
后來,反方的觀眾拋出:我們的長城松散不得,軍校也應該實行松散式管理嗎?
我們拋出了“烏雞白鳳丸”的例子:問烏雞白鳳丸是利大于弊的,難道也要逼著男人也去吃嗎?通過這個類比,我們的戰場就回來了。我們沒有必要增加自己的論證義務,去證明連軍校都要實行松散式管理。
舉個反面例子:
在以《成敗論英雄可取/不可取的辯題中》,正方錯誤的采取了立論:
外國語與國際教育學院辯論隊12級新生培訓1
任何人只要其正效應大于負效應,就是英雄。
大家可以自己看看,這個立論,正方的論證義務是不是太多了!
第四種方法
是按照時間效率分
就是那些話題是對自己有利可以簡單說清楚不用太多時間的,哪些話題是對自己不利的,而且要費很多時間才能說清楚。另外要注意,雖然對自己有利但是要花費很多時間才能說清楚的,在比賽時候,無論是主動和被動都不要過多的談論。
比如,《網絡的發展對于文學來說是福音/災難》,對于反方來說:馬克思有個文藝的發展不平衡論,可以支持反方的觀點,而且對方不好反駁,但是呢,要把這個不平衡論和辯題的關系說清楚至少要1分鐘,所以反方就沒有怎么使用不平衡論。
而網絡帶來的論文剽竊,文學體驗因為網絡發展帶來的缺失是很容易說清楚的,而且費不了多少時間,反方就反復的談。
如果遇到對方反復扯一個扯不清的戰場,不要戀戰,引入新戰場,時間就是生命!
第五,從共同前提來劃分
哪些東西是雙方都必須承認的,哪些是雙方都必須否認的。在實戰有這樣賴皮的戰術,用連續追問逼著對方承認本來雙方都應該承認的東西,然后再禮貌的說:“謝謝對方承認我方觀點。”多么誤導人啊。這種方法,雖不應為,但是不可不防。
比如:大學生考研是個人需求更重要,還是社會需求更重要。對于正反方來說:個人個基本生理需求是必須要滿足的,而且不應該破壞社會功利,這兩條雙方都必須承認,至少不應該公開反對。但是正方就可能,逼著對方承認:考研必須考慮個人基本生理需求,然后給對方扣上一個“承認正方觀點”的高帽子,反方就可能逼著對方承認,“不應該沖犯社會公德”,然后扣上“正方承認反方觀點”的高帽子。
第六種:按照戰術特點劃分
1,就是哪些話題適合自己發揮,哪些話題不適合自己發揮的。
比如,管理學院抽到了“松散式管理對于大學生培養利大于弊”這個辯題,從松散式管理的結構性特點來論證其優越性,是適合管理系發揮的,因為有專業優勢。比如:相對于對方的辯手,己方的吐詞更清晰,就可以多談論一些很拗口的話題。(但不要總拽詞,注意適度原則, 2,比如:相對于對方的辯手,己方的表達力更強,就要多討論那些不容易表述清楚的問題。還有種應用比較難把握,就是根據對方的戰術特點以及對方在觀眾中的印象,來進行設計,6
外國語與國際教育學院辯論隊12級新生培訓1
比如對方是法律專業的,就在法律方面的專業概念上駁倒對方,對方是計算機專業的,而恰好談論計算機的話題就,引用一些計算機行業的專業理論去攻擊對方。如果觀眾面前,法律專業在法律話題上輸給了對方,計算機在計算機話題上輸給了對方,管理專業在管理學話題上輸給了對方,后果如何??
這說明,即使和自己專業對口的辯題,也要充分準備。
要防止對方使出這招,同時這一招比較險,如果正好對方精通專業,出現了對方怎么說,觀眾怎么信的情況,己方就危險了。
第七種劃分
是按照觀眾和評委的公共意識來劃分,哪些是易于接受的,哪些是
不利于接受的。
比如,在觀眾心目中,詭辯絕對是貶義詞,所以,就不要輕易稱贊
古希臘的詭辯者,盡管他們為人文事業功不可沒。
比如,關于自律的辯題,如果你在游戲界很出名,就不要宣稱,你對游戲很克制,即使你真的如此,觀眾也會喝倒彩的。
比如,離婚率的上升是愛情觀念的進步還是退步。為了論證是進步,我們說離婚不是因為小三而是為了讓另一半追求更好的幸福。(此觀點雖然合理,但是很難讓觀眾評委信服,有故意站在道德制高點之嫌)
第八種劃分
是按照價值導向劃分的。
庸俗的說,就是哪些地方是容易扣對方高帽子的,哪些地方是容易被對方扣高帽子的。
嚴肅的說,哪些地方更能體現時代發展的核心價值,哪些地方的交鋒對于我們更有時代意義,哪些地方是不能庸俗化討論的。案例:1,《比如對待貧困學生應該扶貧為主還是扶志為主》這個辯題 一方一個成功大學生的例子進行論證,另外一方馬上就說,他居然用獎學金上只有經濟條件非常好才能報名的非常出名的計算機培訓班,其實大部分觀眾對于貧困大學生利用獎學金進高檔培訓班是贊許的,這是一個高消費行為,但是并不是一個奢侈行為,如此亂扣奢侈化帽子,是很對抗觀眾意識的。
第九種劃分
外國語與國際教育學院辯論隊12級新生培訓1
是按照戰術設置來劃分,這個可能是立論結束后才進行的。比如90年代初的南京大學,喜歡先集中火力攻擊一個話題,然后再轉向另外一個戰場。優點:便于論證自己的觀點,便于觀眾理解自己的觀點,缺點:太重視準備,對于實戰的應變性不強,有的時候,可能會出現,備戰內容和實際中對方的漏洞,都成了雞肋的兩難境地。現場感永遠是最重要的。
賽前的最后一點時間里,把所有的知識點一一梳理,找出其中最有利的幾個領域,設計出一個又一個圈套,準備好一個又一個炸彈,這些領域便構筑成了“優勢戰場”。
戰場的選擇要豐富,一會天文一會地理,古今中外無所不包、迅速切換,讓人有應接不暇的感覺。
每一個戰場,都必須要有絕對的把握。最終依靠知識優勢終結每一個戰場,立即引向下一戰場,絕不戀戰。
第三篇:英語作文-比較類
45班xxxxx
The Comparison Between Watching TV and Reading Books
In our daily life, Watching TV and reading books has become the mainly way for children to get varies messages about the world by themselves.The two ways both can make an influence on the growth of children.In this essay, I’d like to make a comparison of the influence on children between watching TV and reading books.First of all, both of them are valuable to children to open up their eyes to the world.In addition, children can also enjoy themselves from watching interesting program and reading meaningful story books.Finally, children usually talk with friends using the topics that get from watching TV and reading books.With the colorful program, children maybe waste lots of time on it which leads them to a shortage of communicating with family and friends.While reading books may seldom results in the question like that.books need children to think and image what the authors want to tell them by themselves.By comparison, the programs on TV usually have been edited by others so that children need not to think more about them.Base on the comparison, we can see that reading books is more useful for children to develop the abilities of understanding and imagination than watching TV.In addition, watching TV often breaks children’s attention every twenty minutes by the advertizements.By comparison, children can read books in a world of their own as long as they want.urge children to pay more time on reading books than watching TV.
第四篇:比較愛你初三英語作文
I willgraduate soon. In junior high school life, I met a lot of people and a lot of things.
In my junior high school learning career Mrs.Feng let me remember that I alwayscan't learn your English well, but you never give up me. You often encourage me to let me find the fun of learning English.Althoughyou looks very fierce,you are very gentle actually. I don't want to leave you, but high school is the way I had to choose. I will miss you. When you ask we whether we will think of the teacher after graduation, Ireally want to say to you loudly. But I can't , so I write it in the composition. I will always remember that I have a teacher she name is Mrs.feng.
第五篇:英語作文激勵性評語
英語作文激勵性評語
一、宏觀性評價 1.整體印象類評語
Super!Excellent!Perfect!Wonderful.Fantastic.Marvelous.采用整體印象類評語對于高中起始階段的學生有較好的激勵作用,但若千篇一律德使用此類評語,就會使學生無法正確認識自己的寫作水平,最終導致教師的評語失去應有的作用。2.規范導知類評語
Beautiful.Clear.Wonderful.Good hand-writing.You’re careful of using pronunciation.Glad to see your improvement in handwriting.I'm expecting clearer/more beautiful hand-writing from you next time.You’d better pay more attention to word order.Better be more careful of your spelling.It's important to compose a draft beforehand.3.情感調控類評語
I appreciate your handwriting.You have a good knowledge of English proverbs.You are quite aware of making meaningful sentences.You are richer than others in collecting and using typical sentences an idiom.I'm expecting greater progress from you in writing.Come on.If you need my help, never hesitate to come to me.警句:
Hard work leads to success.Not to advance is to go back.No one is without faults.Keeping is harder than winning.Keep it up.二、微觀寫作技能方面的評語 1.專項點撥類評語
It's proper to use the proverb in Para.2 Quite clever.You are good at using attributive clauses in your writing.The “struck” sentence is perfectly used.You'd better use “third person” in the first Para.It's good to use the past tense in your writing.2.佳句欣賞類評語
教師可以在句尾統一標注贊美性的符號(如E--Excellent)或標識不同星級等。
What a wonderful sentence using “cover”.It's really clever of you to use this beautiful sentence.The inverted sentence is well written.3.謀篇布局類評語
A good beginning.A perfect ending.Well-organized.Perfectly-expanded.The first para.makes a good beginning.The last para.makes a perfect ending.All the points have been covered.It's clever of you to use a topic sentence at the beginning of a para.It's wonderful to use proper conjunctions between sentences.You are good at developing a Para.You have made great progress in developing a passage.I am glad to see the sentence coherence in your last Para.Better pay more attention to the relationship between sentences.It's really wonderful to start/end your sentences with adverbials.What is your name? I am very glad to see that your ideas.I think it is a good essay.You are good at developing a Para.The structure is very clear and you organize your points in a logically way.If there is more detailed information, it will be better.and pay attention to some basic grammar points.Expand your vocabulary!I’m expecting better writing from you next time.What is your name?
在起始年級應側重對學生寫作行為規范的引領,重在對學生進行詞句方面的引導;對高年級學生則應側重對文章的結構、行文的邏輯、句子的變化等方面的指點和引導。雖然這些評語對我們大部分學生來說不太適合,因為他們連老師評他們什么都看不懂。但我們平時對作文的批改確實沒做到這么仔細。有很大啟發。英語作文評語集錦
1, criticism style: For example: “this article does not fluent language, writing is not serious, the lack of vivid description, is an unsuccessful essay.” Such a comment, for those who are not serious student writing would be appropriate to use a bit but can not be used;otherwise it will discourage the entrepreneurial spirit of students.2, in recognition of type: “that this is writing new material selection, design sophistication, using a comparison of contrasting a variety of writing style, the characters are detailed image of reading a long time people forget, is a superb masterpiece......” Such comments, suitable for writing with rich experience of those students, teachers willing to work hand in hand assessment of the essay will make them more height and depth.3, incentive-style: Student's writing skills are not balanced, and some writing is only a partial or individual sentences, words wonderful, then a teacher at the time of writing reviews, it is necessary to seize the students of these bright spot, to stimulate their interest in writing.“Wen's two Bi Yuju very wonderful, unique, reading a immersive feeling, I like the hope that the future can enjoy, the teachers believe that you will not let me disappointed.” Although a few words, but The role of such incentives are inestimable.4, exhorted formula: writing is that students express their spiritual herb, their emotions and Jin Xian where, so the teacher the time to write reviews, but also pay attention to the ideological trend of students and put them onto a positive track.“People can make their own away from the spirit of a high degree of material poverty, others enjoy the food, you can be immersed in the spiritual food intake, it will give you a lot of fun, so you go beyond the width and depth, they are!”I think, so a few words with advising the type of discourse, so that those who are poor enough to bring troubled students feel relieved.and ask a question type: teachers can sometimes be characterized by the student's essay, some with a depth so as to enable the students themselves to think about to answer, in the continual process of reflection in improving writing skills.For example: Where do you think best describe? Why?;Text which deep understanding?;You use and what writing skills?;You are most dissatisfied with is that of what?......6, an explicit: “It's like you in this writing, funny, humor, much has been philosophy, writing is smooth, such as Hangyunliushui, if re-writing something beautiful, even more icing on the cake is not it?” Such recognition among the implicit criticism will touched the hearts of the students, arouse their attention.7, seminar-style: for the writing on some of the issues, teachers may use to discuss type of tone, and students to explore and improve.For example: “If the reference one and the poem at the beginning of this article, do you feel?” “Narrative of events, using plug Syria is not more interesting?”
1、批評式:例如:“此文語言不流暢,書寫不認真,缺少生動形象的描寫,是一篇不成功的作文。”如此評語,對于那些寫作不認真的學生,可適當采用一下,但不可常用,否則會挫傷學生的進取心。
2、表揚式:“本篇作文選材新穎,構思精巧,動用了對比、反襯等多種寫作手法,人物刻畫細致形象,讀后讓人久久難忘,是一篇上乘的佳作……”這樣的評語,適于那些寫作功底深厚的學生,老師衷肯的評價,會讓他們的作文更有高度與深度。
3、激勵式:學生的寫作水平是不均衡的,有的作文只是局部或個別句子、詞語精彩,那么老師在寫評語的時候,就要抓住學生的這些閃光點,來激發他們的寫作興趣。“文中的兩個比喻句很美妙,獨特,讀后有身臨其境的感覺,我很喜歡,希望以后還能享受到,老師相信你不會讓我失望的。”雖然寥寥數語,但這樣激勵所起的作用是不可估量的。
4、勸勉式:作文是學生抒發心靈的芳草地,他們的喜怒哀樂盡顯其中,因此教師在寫評語的時候,更要關注學生的思想動態,把他們引到積極向上的軌道。“人可以用精神的高度讓自己遠離物質的貧困,在別人享受美食的時候,你可以沉浸在精神食糧的攝取中,它將給你帶來無窮的樂趣,讓你在寬度與深度上超越他們!”我想,這樣幾句話帶有勸勉式的話語,足可以使那些因貧困帶來煩惱的學生感到釋然。
5、反問式:教師有時可以根據學生的作文特點,提出一些帶有深度的問題,讓學生自己去思考、解答,在不斷反思中提高寫作水平。例如:你認為哪些地方描寫最精彩?為什么?;文中有哪些深刻的體悟?;你使用了哪些寫作技巧?;你最不滿意之處是什么?……
6、暗示式:“很喜歡你這篇作文,風趣、幽默之中不乏哲理,文筆流暢如行云流水,如果書寫再漂亮些,不就更錦上添花了嗎?”如此表揚之中的含蓄批評,更會觸動學生的心靈,引起他們的重視。
7、研討式:針對寫作上的某些問題,教師可采用商量式的口氣,和學生共同探討、改進。例如:“如果引用一首和本文有關的詩開頭,你感覺如何?”“敘述的事件,采用插敘的方法是不是更引人入勝?”