第一篇：2009至2011 山東卷英語作文

2011年

第二節(jié)寫作(滿分30分)

假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Tom上個(gè)月來到北京學(xué)習(xí)。七月份你將去北京參加暑期中

學(xué)生英語演講比賽(speech contest)，你在資料搜集、語言運(yùn)用等方面遇到了困難。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下 要點(diǎn)給Tom寫一封電子郵件：

1．詢問Tom的生活和學(xué)習(xí)情況；

2．談?wù)勀愕睦щy并請(qǐng)Tom幫忙；

3．告訴Tom你打算賽后去看他。

注意：1．詞數(shù)：120—150；

2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

2010年

第二節(jié) 寫作（滿分30分）

假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，你和在上海上學(xué)的英國(guó)朋友Tom約好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴約。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)用英語給他寫一封電子郵件：

1.表示歉意；

2.解釋原因：

3.另約時(shí)間。

注意：1.詞數(shù)120－150；

2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。

2009年

假設(shè)你是李華，曾在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)半年，現(xiàn)已回國(guó)。你想聯(lián)系你的美國(guó)老師Mr.Smith,但沒有其聯(lián)系方式。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)給你的美國(guó)同學(xué)Tom 寫一封信：

1． 感謝Tom對(duì)你英語學(xué)習(xí)的幫助；

2． 詢問Mr.smith的近況并索要其聯(lián)系方式；

3． 邀請(qǐng)Tom在春節(jié)期間來中國(guó)感受中國(guó)文化。

注意：1.詞數(shù)120-150；

2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。

第二篇：山東卷英語高考閱卷心得

今年，我有幸參加了2015年山東卷英語高考閱卷工作，現(xiàn)將發(fā)現(xiàn)的學(xué)生寫作中存在的幾個(gè)突出問題及對(duì)平時(shí)英語教學(xué)的針對(duì)性建議總結(jié)如下。

一、存在的突出問題：

第一，有相當(dāng)比例的學(xué)生在表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)了很多基本甚至低級(jí)的語言知識(shí)錯(cuò)誤。別說是流暢自然的漂亮高級(jí)句式，甚至連正確、基本的句子都寫不好，這使很多學(xué)生暴露了自身薄弱而不扎實(shí)的英語語言知識(shí)功底和水平，而這次閱卷不只看書面表象。第二，要點(diǎn)不齊全，審題不認(rèn)真導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤領(lǐng)會(huì)題目要求都會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響作文得分，尤其是要點(diǎn)不齊全的。

二、對(duì)平時(shí)英語作文教學(xué)的建議：

第一，一定要杜絕、避免低級(jí)、基本的語言知識(shí)表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤，要求學(xué)生能寫出流暢、基本、正確的句子，而后要力求使學(xué)生寫出流暢自然的高級(jí)句式。從用詞到句式，進(jìn)而到句與句間的過渡都要啟發(fā)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生力求高級(jí)、創(chuàng)新。

第二，認(rèn)真正確審題，要點(diǎn)齊全，層次分明，邏輯順暢。平時(shí)要讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行作文審題方面的練習(xí)。未必要讓學(xué)生占用很多時(shí)間寫成一篇作文，可拿出極少時(shí)間，讓學(xué)生就一個(gè)作文題只進(jìn)行審題，進(jìn)而構(gòu)思。長(zhǎng)此練習(xí)學(xué)生審題會(huì)更準(zhǔn)確，思路會(huì)更清晰，邏輯會(huì)更順暢。

第三篇：2016年山東卷滿分作文

囊納青書，劍指遠(yuǎn)方

路上，我扔掉了許多東西，行囊中還有最后一樣沉重。將手探入行囊，指尖劃過青書上的鉛字，看遍千年水淌山屹。回首過往，青書為杖，耕出生命蔥蘢；抬眼未來，青書矢志伴我側(cè)，古道瘦馬，劍指遠(yuǎn)方……

松脂垂淚落成遍地琥珀，蚌兒有心纏裹溫潤(rùn)珍珠，母海追憶漾成滿世珊瑚，青書如刀削刻成如今的我。

母親贈(zèng)我一副軀殼，交由書精心剪裁。海的女兒最終松開了緊握船舷的手，墜入冰冷黑暗的海深處，晃晃間猶可見那雙湛藍(lán)眸子里滿盛著對(duì)天空的渴望，發(fā)絲化海草，雙足成海山。幽深的大海里生長(zhǎng)出黑色的挽歌，吟唱著奉獻(xiàn)的華美。相傳那堵木墻屹立了三年，黑色絲絲鉆進(jìn)木髓，三分不絕，我驚呼奇事，獻(xiàn)之微微欠身，十缸洗筆水被勤奮染成墨黑；《禮記》字字珠璣，告誡我“君子之接如水”；《邶風(fēng)》高吟“謔浪笑敖，中心是悼”，震我耳目，給我“泰山崩于前而面不改色”的沉穩(wěn)……

閱盡前事，唯浩然長(zhǎng)嘆：母親讓我存活于世，而書的智囊讓我行走于世啊！

紅塵萬丈，踞臥眼角，酒綠簡(jiǎn)黃，慢籠心湖，此刻我端坐于此，明天的我將邁入大學(xué)的殿堂，后天的我走在社會(huì)的路上，該如何恐懼汽車飛馳撞碎我金色的下午？該如何平息被沖天噪音驚亂的我那探訪古今的腳步？該如何找回那個(gè)對(duì)李白笑，對(duì)杜甫悲，對(duì)稼軒嘆為觀止的率性書生？我的青書靜靜地躺在行囊里，書一直在。靜靜地，緩緩地，孔子腳下的不逝之水流進(jìn)街道，滲進(jìn)急促的生活里，讓生活的節(jié)奏打個(gè)滑，慢一拍；莊周夢(mèng)見的蝶在高地樓層間翩躚，蝶翅展合，有繁復(fù)而精致的圖案在空中無限變幻；還有那頭超越函谷險(xiǎn)關(guān)的青牛，踏著悠悠的步子，載著老子，載著我，走向遠(yuǎn)方……

撫平青書上的褶皺，妥善放入行囊。如果可以，我愿拿一輩子的時(shí)光去讀書！

一路上，行囊時(shí)輕時(shí)重，然輕時(shí)有書，重時(shí)亦有書。囊中有書，我有無限的韶光；囊中有書，即使塵滿客袍，也可牽著瘦馬，和著西風(fēng)微微笑著走向遠(yuǎn)方。

縱觀上下今古，夷人囊中有書，夷國(guó)位重古今；古人囊中有書，古中國(guó)騰達(dá)古世；而現(xiàn)時(shí)，我之族人已然身臨洪川，唯有囊納青書，才能給自己以精神的厚重，安然走過面前的獨(dú)木橋，走向彼岸那明亮而美好的遠(yuǎn)方……

帶著平常心上路

人生，是一場(chǎng)不能回頭的旅行，備好的行囊再重，也總會(huì)遺漏，人生路途漫漫，誰也無法盡知前程而周密綢繆。與其期望有一個(gè)萬全的行囊，倒不如將平常心打包裝入行囊，淡然地對(duì)待眼前突現(xiàn)的一切，安然走人生。

人生，對(duì)于李清照來說是一場(chǎng)“戲弄”，李清照的人生之路啟程時(shí)，她大概從未想到以后的自己會(huì)經(jīng)歷那樣多的困苦，她的行囊本是為幸福生活而準(zhǔn)備，卻不曾想等待她的是顛沛流離。國(guó)破家亡夫死，人生的苦難傾注在這弱女子身上，易安易安，何處能安？可她是李清照，是那個(gè)高呼“生當(dāng)作人杰，死亦為鬼雄”的李清照，命運(yùn)的捉弄讓她措手不及，幾番痛不欲生之后，她將平常心打包裝入行囊再走人生，重新上路。坎坷途中，幾千個(gè)挑燈不眠夜，一首首精彩絕倫的詞作赫然出世，李清照的一生也因此明亮了幾分。

蘇軾從參加科舉考試名列前茅，到歐陽(yáng)修的極力舉薦，忽地又到了做官后的一貶再貶，他的一生正印證了林清玄的那句：“人生大勢(shì)成久必?cái)。瑪【帽爻桑欠浅蓴∞D(zhuǎn)頭空，幾度夕陽(yáng)紅。”人生的行囊再完備，也無法兼?zhèn)洹Ｔ谌松凸鹊奶K軾，將平常心打包裝入行囊。從此，他能淡看人生風(fēng)雨，即使有悲傷、有苦難，他也從未怨天尤人。“此心安處是吾鄉(xiāng)”便是他最好的詮釋。帶著平常心，安然走人生，于是，才有了“大江東去浪淘盡”的豪情萬丈。

沒有誰的人生之路一路平坦，史鐵生在最狂妄的年紀(jì)里殘疾，失去雙腿，海子也在文學(xué)之路上備受煎熬，貝多芬更是失去了聽力，這大概都是他們?nèi)松心抑形丛鴾?zhǔn)備的。但史鐵生將平常心打包裝入行囊，生死隨緣走出地壇，成就了自己的文學(xué)；貝多芬也將平常心打包裝入行囊，于是用振動(dòng)頻率辨別音律，創(chuàng)作出的《命運(yùn)交響曲》震驚世界；可是海子在高吟面朝大海春暖花開之后，則沒有將平常心打包裝入行囊，結(jié)果，大好的青春年華在鐵軌下戛然而止……

人生之路那樣長(zhǎng)，那樣遙遠(yuǎn)，別寄希望于萬全的行囊，也別期望有誰能做你一輩子的擋風(fēng)墻，將平常心打包裝入行囊，才能安然走出最美麗的人生。

時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著

作家張潔在《我的四季》曾說：“找到了水源，才發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有帶上盛它的容器。”人生之路何其漫長(zhǎng)而艱辛，不要等到真正上路了，才發(fā)現(xiàn)想用的卻沒準(zhǔn)備。唯有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，才能到達(dá)那個(gè)令人眺望的美麗遠(yuǎn)方。

冰心曾說：“成功的花，人們只驚羨她現(xiàn)時(shí)的明艷！然而當(dāng)初她的芽?jī)海噶藠^斗的淚泉，灑遍了犧牲的血雨。”被稱為“中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)史詩(shī)”的《格薩爾王》橫空出世，廣受贊譽(yù)。人們驚羨于阿來帶有藏族氣息的通俗流暢的語言，可曾想到他多年的精心準(zhǔn)備？他在川、青、藏三省邊界藏區(qū)游歷了20多個(gè)縣，對(duì)鄉(xiāng)野實(shí)地走訪，聽故事，悟民歌，他搜集了大量有關(guān)格薩爾王的文獻(xiàn)，親臨每一個(gè)故事發(fā)生的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨二十年，他扎扎實(shí)實(shí)地采風(fēng)，認(rèn)認(rèn)真真地寫作，用知識(shí)充實(shí)行囊，用行動(dòng)走向遠(yuǎn)方。

每一個(gè)不曾起舞的日子，都是對(duì)生命的辜負(fù)。朗朗為了夢(mèng)想時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著，哪怕是替補(bǔ)，哪怕上場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)少之又少，可他仍認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)每一點(diǎn)技巧，堅(jiān)持練好每一首曲目，驗(yàn)證了“機(jī)會(huì)只留給有準(zhǔn)備的人”。在機(jī)遇來臨之時(shí)，朗朗用早已準(zhǔn)備好的本領(lǐng)在舞臺(tái)上彈奏出一曲曲動(dòng)人的樂章，贏得人生的榮光。

尼采曾說：“誰終將聲震人間，必將長(zhǎng)久深自緘默；誰終將點(diǎn)燃閃電，必長(zhǎng)久如云漂泊。”兩次獲得香港金像獎(jiǎng)影帝的張家輝，剛開始只是做幕后，甚至做專門負(fù)責(zé)挨打的人肉沙袋，可他并沒有丟盔棄甲，倉(cāng)皇逃竄，而是默默忍受，把這些歷練看作珍貴的人生財(cái)富，把一點(diǎn)一滴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累到行囊中，以備不時(shí)之需。最終在汗水與淚水的交織中攀上人生高峰，笑傲群雄。

準(zhǔn)備猶如音調(diào)，聲聲入耳，匯成美妙華章。沒有徐霞客訪遍名山大川，《徐霞客游記》又怎會(huì)影響深遠(yuǎn)？沒有達(dá)芬奇千百次的畫蛋練功，《蒙娜麗莎》又怎會(huì)魅力長(zhǎng)存？沒有弗萊明數(shù)年研究，又怎會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素？ 塞涅夫曾說：“如果一個(gè)人不知道他駛向哪頭，那么任何風(fēng)都不是順風(fēng)。”人生也是如此，只有不斷積累，不斷充實(shí)，時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備，才能使自己的知識(shí)日益完備，經(jīng)驗(yàn)日漸豐富，才能踏上漫漫人生征途。

有備無患，奔向遠(yuǎn)方

新的旅程，路途漫漫，回看我們的行囊，必須是充足的，古語有云：“有備無患。”而我們唯一的目標(biāo)，就是奔向遠(yuǎn)方。

歷史長(zhǎng)河奔騰不息，我站在兩岸，望著那一葉葉扁舟因準(zhǔn)備充分而創(chuàng)造輝煌的景象。兵法云：“兵馬未動(dòng)，糧草先行。”是啊，月黑風(fēng)高夜，我靜靜地看著那運(yùn)糧車先軍隊(duì)一步出發(fā)，到達(dá)指定的地點(diǎn)，可是突如其來的一場(chǎng)大火，剩下的只是灰燼，事先準(zhǔn)備的糧草沒有了，何談大軍出發(fā)破敵？可又看到諸葛亮重視糧草，派重兵守衛(wèi)。無人敢攻的準(zhǔn)備，我不得不佩服他運(yùn)籌帷幄，決勝于千里之外的籌謀。

田忌的智慧令人贊嘆，可若沒有他平日的積累，如何贏得后人贊嘆？王羲之的書法縱橫古今，可若沒有那墨池為伴，何來《蘭亭集序》名揚(yáng)天下？當(dāng)年被評(píng)為全球100位“未來領(lǐng)袖”之一的馬云，若沒有近二十年的醞釀與準(zhǔn)備，何以登上“福布斯中國(guó)富豪榜”？此類例子，不勝枚舉，因?yàn)樗麄儨?zhǔn)備了，內(nèi)心再無憂患，才敢放手去做，進(jìn)而奔向遠(yuǎn)方。的確，很多事情都是這樣，時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著，修煉自己不是在意一時(shí)的得失。誰也不可能有洞穿一切的本領(lǐng)，我們難免會(huì)做無用功。但這并不可怕，也完全沒有必要做無謂的功利評(píng)價(jià)。

在我看來，求一個(gè)心理上的安慰更加實(shí)在，如果橫向去比較的話，總比你想用卻沒有好得多，“三只小豬”的故事就是一個(gè)很好的證明。

物質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備是基礎(chǔ)，強(qiáng)大的思想準(zhǔn)備則為皇冠上的那顆明珠，重中之重，伴我們走向心中遠(yuǎn)方。備一顆勇敢之心，不懼前路荊棘密布；備一顆好勝之心，不患前路會(huì)有失敗阻撓；備一顆慈悲之心，不患他人對(duì)你的冷嘲熱諷……因?yàn)橛辛怂麄儯胺降牡缆凡艜?huì)映入眼簾，有了他們，我們才會(huì)釋然、放手、毫無顧忌。

而我們青少年現(xiàn)在正是在這個(gè)準(zhǔn)備的過程中，學(xué)習(xí)接納一切可能收到的東西，為我們的遠(yuǎn)方做好一切可能的準(zhǔn)備，未來用上了，那是運(yùn)氣好，用不上，那是對(duì)自己生命的一種升華，千萬莫有類似“書到用時(shí)方恨少”的悔恨！

有備無患，遠(yuǎn)方的道路沖破烏云，呈現(xiàn)在我們面前。

第四篇：最新山東卷高考英語作文和：暑期打算

2013年山東卷高考英語作文題目是關(guān)于暑期的打算，主要的過程是你的美國(guó)朋友問你即將到來的暑假你有什么打算。希望同學(xué)們根據(jù)這個(gè)情節(jié)作文寫出自己的想法和打算。下面為同學(xué)們提供了一份2013年山東卷高考英語作文范文，僅供參考。

假如你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Tom一周前給你發(fā)電子郵件，詢問你暑假里的打算，但你因準(zhǔn)備期末考試未能及時(shí)回復(fù)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)雙下要點(diǎn)給他回封郵件：

1.未及時(shí)回信的原因;

2.你假期的打算(如做兼職、旅行、做志愿者等)

注意：1.詞數(shù)：120-150;可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

【參考范文】

Dear Tom，How are you doing? You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation.I am sorry that I didn’t reply without delay.How I wish I would read and reply your email as soon as I received it.However, I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time, which is vital for me.As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study, for which I am very sorry.I hope you can understand me.During the holiday, I am going to do a part-time job.On the one hand, I can earn some money to reduce the burden of my family.On the other hand, I accumulate the social experience, which does good to my future life.At the same time, I will not forget to go over my lesson.I will spend a instructive holiday.How will you spend your holiday? I hope you have a good time.These are my plan for the summer vacation.What’s yours? I am looking forward to your earliest reply.Yours，Lin Hua

這篇英語作文比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要平時(shí)作文基礎(chǔ)和英語單詞扎實(shí)，就能取得一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的分?jǐn)?shù)，跟優(yōu)秀的英語范文相比較，你的作文有哪些不足呢。

第五篇：05-11高考英語(山東卷)聽力原文

學(xué)英語簡(jiǎn)單嗎？肯定會(huì)有許多學(xué)生說：“難死了”。

為什么有好多學(xué)生對(duì)英語的學(xué)習(xí)都感到頭疼呢？答案只有一個(gè)：“不得法。” 英語與漢語一樣都是一種語言，為什么你說漢語會(huì)如此流利？那是因?yàn)槟阒蒙碛谝粋€(gè)漢語環(huán)境中，如果你在倫敦呆上半年，保準(zhǔn)說起英語來會(huì)非常流利。但很多中學(xué)生沒有很好的英語環(huán)境，那么你可以自己設(shè)置一個(gè)英語環(huán)境，堅(jiān)持“多說”、“多聽”、“多讀”、“多寫”，那么你的英語成績(jī)肯定會(huì)很出色。

一、多“說”。

自己多創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)與英語教師多講英語，見了同學(xué)，尤其是和好朋友在一起時(shí)盡量用英語去問候，談心情……這時(shí)候你需隨身攜帶一個(gè)英漢互譯小詞典，遇到生詞時(shí)查一下這些生詞，也不用刻意去記，用的多了，這個(gè)單詞自然而然就會(huì)記住。千萬別把學(xué)英語當(dāng)成負(fù)擔(dān)，始終把它當(dāng)成一件有趣的事情去做。

或許你有機(jī)會(huì)碰上外國(guó)人，你應(yīng)大膽地上去跟他打招呼，和他談天氣、談風(fēng)景、談學(xué)校……只是別問及他的年紀(jì)，婚史等私人問題。盡量用一些你學(xué)過的詞匯，句子去和他談天說地。不久你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)與老外聊天要比你與中國(guó)人談?dòng)⒄Z容易的多。因?yàn)樗湍憬徽剷r(shí)會(huì)用許多簡(jiǎn)單詞匯，而且不太看重說法，你只要發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，準(zhǔn)能順利地交流下去。只是你必須要有信心，敢于表達(dá)自己的思想。

如果沒有合適的伙伴也沒關(guān)系，你可以拿過一本書或其它什么東西做假想對(duì)象，對(duì)它談你一天的所見所聞，談你的快樂，你的悲傷等等，長(zhǎng)此堅(jiān)持下去你的口語肯定會(huì)有較大的提高。

二、多“聽”

尋找一切可以聽英語的機(jī)會(huì)。別人用英語交談時(shí)，你應(yīng)該大膽地去參與，多聽聽各種各樣人的發(fā)音，男女老少，節(jié)奏快的慢的你都應(yīng)該接觸到，如果這樣的機(jī)會(huì)少的話，你可以選擇你不知內(nèi)容的文章去聽，這將會(huì)對(duì)你幫助很大，而你去聽學(xué)過的課文的磁帶，那將會(huì)對(duì)你的語言語調(diào)的學(xué)習(xí)有很大的幫助。

三、多“讀”。

“讀”可以分為兩種。一種是“默讀”。每天給予一定時(shí)間的練習(xí)將會(huì)對(duì)你提高閱讀速度有很大的好處，讀的內(nèi)容可以是你的課本，但最好是一些有趣的小讀物，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的英語高考越來越重視閱讀量和閱讀速度。每道題的得分都與你的理解程度有很大關(guān)系，所以經(jīng)過高中三年閱讀的訓(xùn)練后，你必定會(huì)在高考中勝券在握。另一種是“朗讀”這是學(xué)語言必不可少的一種學(xué)習(xí)途徑。

四、多“寫”

有的同學(xué)總是抱怨時(shí)間緊，根本沒時(shí)間寫作文。其實(shí)“寫”的形式很多，不一定就寫作文才提高寫作能力。比如寫下你一天中發(fā)生的一些重要的事情，或當(dāng)天學(xué)了某一個(gè)詞組，你可以創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)語境恰如其份地用上這個(gè)詞。這樣即可幫你記住這個(gè)詞的用法，又可以鍛煉你的寫作能力，比如學(xué)“wish”一詞時(shí)，可寫一小段如下：

The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different.I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.只幾句話：但wish的幾種用法已躍然紙上，這樣寫下來印象會(huì)深刻得多，這樣比死記硬背wish的用法也有趣輕松的多。

學(xué)習(xí)英語不用花大塊的時(shí)間，10分鐘的散步可以練“說”,吃完飯后可以讀一會(huì)兒英語小說，睡前聽?zhēng)追昼娪⒄Z，可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些時(shí)間來練英語，你的英語成績(jī)肯定會(huì)很快提高的。背英語單詞技巧

1、循環(huán)記憶法 艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線

人的大腦是一個(gè)記憶的寶庫(kù)，人腦經(jīng)歷過的事物，思考過的問題，體驗(yàn)過的情感和情緒，練習(xí)過的動(dòng)作，都可以成為人們記憶的內(nèi)容。例如英文的學(xué)習(xí)中單詞、短語和句子，甚至文章的內(nèi)容都是通過記憶完成的。從“記”到“憶”是有個(gè)過程的，這其中包括了識(shí)記、保持、再認(rèn)和回憶。有很多 人在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中，只注重了學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶效果，孰不知，要想做好學(xué)習(xí)的記憶工作，是要下一番工夫的，單純的注重當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶效果，而忽視了后期的保持和再認(rèn)同樣是達(dá)不到良好的效果的。

在信息的處理上，記憶是對(duì)輸入信息的編碼、貯存和提取的過程，從信息處理的角度上，英文的第一次學(xué)習(xí)和背誦只是一個(gè)輸入編碼的過程。人的記憶的能力從生理上講是十分驚人的，它可以存貯1015比特(byte，字節(jié))的信息，可是

每個(gè)人的記憶寶庫(kù)被挖掘的只占10%，還有更多的記憶發(fā)揮空間。這是因?yàn)椋行┤酥魂P(guān)注了記憶的當(dāng)時(shí)效果，卻忽視了記憶中的更大的問題--即記憶的牢固度問題，那就牽涉到心理學(xué)中常說的關(guān)于記憶遺忘的規(guī)律。

一、艾賓浩斯記憶規(guī)律曲線解釋

德國(guó)有一位著名的心理學(xué)家名叫艾賓浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)，他在1885年發(fā)表了他的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告后，記憶研究就成了心理學(xué)中被研究最多的領(lǐng)域之一，而艾賓浩斯正是發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶遺忘規(guī)律的第一人。

根據(jù)我們所知道的，記憶的保持在時(shí)間上是不同的，有短時(shí)的記憶和長(zhǎng)時(shí)的記憶兩種。而我們平時(shí)的記憶的過程是這樣的：

輸入的信息在經(jīng)過人的注意過程的學(xué)習(xí)后，便成為了人的短時(shí)的記憶，但是如果不經(jīng)過及時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)，這些記住過的東西就會(huì)遺忘，而經(jīng)過了及時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)，這些短時(shí)的記憶就會(huì)成為了人的一種長(zhǎng)時(shí)的記憶，從而在大腦中保持著很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。那么，對(duì)于我們來講，怎樣才叫做遺忘呢，所謂遺忘就是我們對(duì)于曾經(jīng)記憶過的東西不能再認(rèn)起來，也不能回憶起來，或者是錯(cuò)誤的再認(rèn)和錯(cuò)誤的回憶，這些都是遺忘。艾賓浩斯在做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)候是拿自己作為測(cè)試對(duì)象的，他得出了一些關(guān)于記憶的結(jié)論。他選用了一些根本沒有意義的音節(jié)，也就是那些不能拼出單詞來的眾多字母的組合，比如asww，cfhhj，ijikmb，rfyjbc等等。他經(jīng)過對(duì)自己的測(cè)試，得到了一些數(shù)據(jù)。

然后，艾賓浩斯又根據(jù)了這些點(diǎn)描繪出了一條曲線，這就是非常有名的揭示遺忘規(guī)律的曲線：艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線，圖中豎軸表示學(xué)習(xí)中記住的知識(shí)數(shù)量，橫軸表示時(shí)間(天數(shù))，曲線表示記憶量變化的規(guī)律。

這條曲線告訴人們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中的遺忘是有規(guī)律的，遺忘的進(jìn)程不是均衡的，不是固定的一天丟掉幾個(gè)，轉(zhuǎn)天又丟幾個(gè)的，而是在記憶的最初階段遺忘的速度很快，后來就逐漸減慢了，到了相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候后，幾乎就不再遺忘了，這就是遺忘的發(fā)展規(guī)律，即“先快后慢”的原則。觀察這條遺忘曲線，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),學(xué)得的知識(shí)在一天后，如不抓緊復(fù)習(xí),就只剩下原來的25%)。隨著時(shí)間的推移,遺忘的速度減慢，遺忘的數(shù)量也就減少。有人做過一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，兩組學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一段課文，甲組在學(xué)習(xí)后不久進(jìn)行一次復(fù)習(xí)，乙組不予復(fù)習(xí)，一天后甲組保持98%，乙組保持56%；一周后甲組保持83%，乙組保持33%。乙組的遺忘平均值比甲組高。

二、不同性質(zhì)材料有不同的遺忘曲線

而且，艾賓浩斯還在關(guān)于記憶的實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，記住12個(gè)無意義音節(jié)，平均需要重復(fù)16.5次；為了記住36個(gè)無意義章節(jié)，需重復(fù)54次；而記憶六首詩(shī)中的480個(gè)音節(jié)，平均只需要重復(fù)8次！這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們，凡是理解了的知識(shí)，就能記得迅速、全面而牢固。不然，愣是死記硬背，那也是費(fèi)力不討好的。因此，比較容易記憶的是那些有意義的材料，而那些無意義的材料在記憶的時(shí)候比較費(fèi)力氣，在以后回憶起來的時(shí)候也很不輕松。因此，艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線是關(guān)于遺忘的一種曲線，而且是對(duì)無意義的音節(jié)而言，對(duì)于與其他材料的對(duì)比，艾賓浩斯又得出了不同性質(zhì)材料的不同遺忘曲線，不過他們大體上都是一致的。

因此，艾賓浩斯的實(shí)驗(yàn)向我們充分證實(shí)了一個(gè)道理，學(xué)習(xí)要勤于復(fù)習(xí)，而且記憶的理解效果越好，遺忘的也越慢。

三、不同的人有不同的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線--個(gè)性化的艾賓浩斯

上述的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線是艾賓浩斯在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中經(jīng)過了大量測(cè)試后，產(chǎn)生了不同的記憶數(shù)據(jù)，從而生成的一種曲線，是一個(gè)具有共性的群體規(guī)律。此記憶曲線并不考慮接受試驗(yàn)個(gè)人的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)，而是尋求一種處于平衡點(diǎn)的記憶規(guī)律。但是記憶規(guī)律可以具體到我們每個(gè)人，因?yàn)槲覀兊纳硖攸c(diǎn)、生活經(jīng)歷不同，可能導(dǎo)致我們有不同的記憶習(xí)慣、記憶方式、記憶特點(diǎn)。規(guī)律對(duì)于自然人改造世界的行為，只能起一個(gè)催化的作用，如果與每個(gè)人的記憶特點(diǎn)相吻合，那么就如順?biāo)畵P(yáng)帆，一日千里；如果與個(gè)人記憶特點(diǎn)相悖，記憶效果則會(huì)大打折扣。因此，我們要根據(jù)每個(gè)人的不同特點(diǎn)，尋找到屬于自己的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線 2》如何學(xué)英語 下定決心，堅(jiān)持不懈

英語學(xué)習(xí)作為一門語言技能，通過大量的訓(xùn)練和練習(xí)任何人是可以掌握的。一般地說，英語學(xué)習(xí)的原則是聽、說領(lǐng)先，讀、寫跟上。李揚(yáng)的瘋狂英語提倡，首先建立起我能學(xué)好英語的信心，然后以句子為單位，大量地模仿，瘋狂地操練，大聲地朗讀，最后達(dá)到自如地說英語，他的方法對(duì)提高說英語的能力很奏效。鐘道隆教授45歲開始學(xué)英語，一年后，學(xué)成出國(guó)當(dāng)口語翻譯，并創(chuàng)造了逆苦惱、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向?qū)W習(xí)英語的方法。他還提出學(xué)習(xí)英語要遵循聽、寫、說、背、想的方法，他的方法強(qiáng)調(diào)以聽為主，并且把所聽到的內(nèi)容全部寫下來。尤其是他的學(xué)習(xí)精神最可佳，他學(xué)習(xí)英語用壞了十幾臺(tái)錄音機(jī)，你可想象他聽了多少英語；用完的圓珠筆芯幾乎裝滿了一個(gè)一拉罐，你可想象他寫了

多少，在一年半內(nèi)，累計(jì)業(yè)余學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí)間大約三千小時(shí)，也就說每天抽出幾個(gè)小時(shí)來學(xué)英語。如果我們做到他那樣，一定也能學(xué)好英語。最重要的是堅(jiān)持，只要能下定決心，堅(jiān)持每天至少一個(gè)小時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)英語，戰(zhàn)勝自我最后肯定會(huì)有收獲的。

注意方法，循序漸進(jìn)

決心下定，還注意學(xué)習(xí)方法，有時(shí)根據(jù)自己的情況和不同的學(xué)習(xí)目的，選擇不同的學(xué)習(xí)方法，但是學(xué)習(xí)英語一定要踏踏實(shí)實(shí)地、一步一個(gè)腳印地走。要把基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握好，也就是說，發(fā)音要正確、基本詞匯要掌握牢、基本句式要熟練、基本語法要會(huì)用。

（1）要過好語音關(guān)。把每一個(gè)音標(biāo)發(fā)正確，注意改正有問題的音素，特別是那些容易混淆的音素，盡早地掌握國(guó)際音標(biāo)，并盡量的掌握一些讀音規(guī)則，盡快地能利用讀音規(guī)則來拼單詞，掌握讀音規(guī)則對(duì)單詞的記憶和拼寫非常有用。（2）掌握一定數(shù)量的英語單詞。對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)者來說掌握英語詞匯是一難關(guān)，學(xué)習(xí)單詞要從單詞的形、音、義這三方面去掌握，要注意單詞的一詞多義，一詞多類的用法，要學(xué)會(huì)一些構(gòu)詞法的知識(shí)，來擴(kuò)展詞匯量。學(xué)習(xí)單詞要在語言材料中去學(xué)，要結(jié)合詞組，通過句子，閱讀文章來活記單詞，死記的單詞是記不牢的。堅(jiān)持在讀、說前，先反復(fù)聽，聽的時(shí)候反應(yīng)單詞、句子的意思和節(jié)奏，想一下單詞的拼法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)。并要同學(xué)習(xí)語法規(guī)則有機(jī)結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行。（3）掌握好基本語法。語法在學(xué)習(xí)英語中也很重要，它能幫助我們把握住英語的基本規(guī)律，通過例句或語言現(xiàn)象把死的語法規(guī)則要記住，活的規(guī)則要通過做大量的練習(xí)掌握。總之學(xué)習(xí)英語要通過聽、說、讀、寫、譯來進(jìn)行操練，不但要注意數(shù)量，更重要的是要注意質(zhì)量，尤其是基本知識(shí)要掌握的準(zhǔn)確，熟練。只有經(jīng)過大量的實(shí)踐，才能做到熟能生巧，運(yùn)用自如。提前預(yù)習(xí)，有的放矢

作為學(xué)生，在每次上課前，都要對(duì)要學(xué)的課文提前預(yù)習(xí)。首先在音標(biāo)的幫助下試著拼讀單詞，也可以借助配套磁帶反復(fù)聽，對(duì)比一下，把握不準(zhǔn)的要標(biāo)出來，注意上課老師的發(fā)音，還要記一下單詞的漢語意思和詞性。借助課文的注釋或輔導(dǎo)材料，預(yù)習(xí)一遍課文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有數(shù)，在教師講課時(shí)注意聽這些地方。總之，預(yù)習(xí)的目的是熟悉要學(xué)的內(nèi)容，找出不明白的地方，帶著問題聽課，做到有的放矢。認(rèn)真聽課，積極配合

課堂是老師與學(xué)生一起學(xué)習(xí)、掌握、運(yùn)用知識(shí)的主要場(chǎng)所。作為起主導(dǎo)作用的老師一方引導(dǎo)學(xué)生搞好課堂教學(xué)是很必要的，但也需要學(xué)習(xí)者的積極配合。上課要專心聽講、作好筆記、認(rèn)真操練、積極思考。預(yù)習(xí)時(shí)出現(xiàn)的問題在課堂上教師沒有講到的，要向老師提出，把問題搞清楚，老師講授的問題，先注意聽，下課后整理一下筆記，反復(fù)思考一下這些問題，抓住老師所講的重點(diǎn)，難點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn)。總之，上課時(shí)要做到耳聽、眼觀、嘴動(dòng)、腦想，調(diào)動(dòng)起多個(gè)感官來。完成作業(yè)，找出問題

學(xué)完每一課，要認(rèn)真完成課后作業(yè)。做作業(yè)時(shí)一定不要看參考書上題的答案，做完后再對(duì)答案，對(duì)于作業(yè)中所出現(xiàn)的不明白的問題，應(yīng)該記下來，等下次上課時(shí)提出來。做作業(yè)是英語學(xué)習(xí)的很重要的環(huán)節(jié)，它是消化知識(shí)和鞏固知識(shí)的過程，一定要認(rèn)真完成規(guī)定的作業(yè)，筆頭作業(yè)要?jiǎng)右粍?dòng)筆，口頭作業(yè)要?jiǎng)右粍?dòng)嘴，提高聽力要練一練耳，課文在聽和讀的基礎(chǔ)上，最好背誦某些精彩段落。總之，要做大量的練習(xí)，英語是練出來的，一定不要偷懶。及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)，鞏固知識(shí)

學(xué)會(huì)了的東西隨著時(shí)間的流逝會(huì)逐漸遺忘，但學(xué)語言有遺忘現(xiàn)象是正常的。更不必因?yàn)橛羞z忘現(xiàn)象而影響自己學(xué)好英語的信心與決心。問題在于怎樣來減輕遺忘的程度。善于類比，總結(jié)知識(shí)，把新學(xué)的知識(shí)同過去學(xué)的有關(guān)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行橫向和縱向比較和聯(lián)系。建立錯(cuò)誤檔案記錄，加深印象，以避免再反同樣錯(cuò)誤。我們大部分知識(shí)和技能是靠重復(fù)獲得的，及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)對(duì)于記憶非常必要，學(xué)英語就是要堅(jiān)持天天不斷的練，不斷地重復(fù)基本句型，常用詞匯和基本語法等。學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程也是同遺忘做斗爭(zhēng)的過程。

總而言之，只要你能做到下定決心學(xué)，注意學(xué)習(xí)方法，把課前預(yù)習(xí)，認(rèn)真聽課，完成作業(yè)，及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)這些環(huán)節(jié)作好了，你一定能夠?qū)W好英語

2005年高考試題全國(guó)卷Ⅰ聽力原文

W: Very nice skirts.How much are they?

M: Ten dollars each and one dollar off if you buy two.They are on sale.2

M: I know you want to talk about this report but I’d like to tell you about my new computer.W: Let’s keep to the point.We can talk about that later.All right? M: OK.3

W: Bill , that’s a lovely painting in your living room.M: I’m glad you like it.It’s a Christmas gift from my son.W: Well, it’s beautiful.Your son has very good taste.4

M: So, how is your new roommate? W: She really makes me angry.M: What happened?

W: She’s always making loud noises at midnight.When I remind her she is always rude.5

W: Excuse me,I’m looking for Mr.Town.M: Oh!He is not on this floor.He is on the fourth floor.Go down this stairs and turn left.6-7

M: Did you finish typing that report? W: Yes, I did.But I worked late.M: It must be a long repot, I guess.W: Exactly.Twelve pages.I spent three hours on it.M: By the way, what time did you go home?

W: I left the office at about 9 o’clock.I got home at ten.M: What did you have for dinner?

W: I sent out for a sandwich and I ate it at my desk.8-9

M: Ricky, what’s going on? Fred just told me now that you’re going to leave us.W: Yes.I really feel bad about it.But BMD came up with a really good offer.M: Well, I didn’t know that you are looking for a new job.W: Well , just between you and me.I think we have some real problems in this department.Don’t get me wrong.It has nothing to do with you, Frank.Everybody says that you’re an excellent manager.M: Problems? What problems? Do we have time to talk about it? 10-12

W: You know, I’ve just finished some very interesting research for the newspaper about things people do in their spare time.M: Really? What did you learn?

W: Well , I talked to 20 people, and 19 of them watch TV.M: That’s interesting.I never watch it.Do you?

W: Not much..Anyway, about half of them, 9 people play some kind of sport.M: I’m not surprised.People are getting more exercises these days.W: Yes.A few of them go to movies.M: Mm, I do, too.W: But here is the most interesting result.Only one of them reads.M: That’s terrible.13-16

M: Excuse me, do you mind if I sit here? W: Not at all, go ahead.M: Thank you.W: Are you going somewhere or are you meeting someone? M: I’m on my way to Washington, and you? W: I’m on my way to San Francisco.M: Really? I think San Francisco is probably the most exciting city in the US.W: So do I.No other city has as many good restaurants or as much good music

M: Is San Francisco your hometown?

W: No, I’m from a very small town in Pennsylvania.I wouldn’t want to live there again either.I don’t like small town living very much.M: En, neither do I really.But small towns have their advantages.less traffic.W: And friendly people.You know I’m beginning to feel homesick.By the way , where are you from? M: China.W: China? But you speak English like a native speaker.I didn’t have any idea.M: Oh, excuse me.It’s time for my flight.Well, nice talking with you.17-20

M: Could you suggest some ways to bring family members close together? W: Well, I feel it is very important for families to have regular meals together.One of my good childhood memories was dinner with my parents and two sisters.Because my husband and I both work, and our three children are busy with their studies, we seldom had a chance to get together as a family.But we thought it would be possible for us to sit down and enjoy meals together every week.First, we tried setting three fixed days: Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.But almost everyone was unhappy.Then my son had an idea that everyone told me his or her most convenient days and I would choose the two best days.For a while, the children were still unhappy with the idea, they said they would rather spend the time with their friends playing sports.Gradually though, they began to see these evenings together an interesting and helpful.We laughed a lot.We made plans for trips.We discussed each other’s problems.After a couple of months, anybody who had to miss a family meal felt regretful.And now, we all feel that we have been able to build much stronger relationships within family than we had before.2006 年高考全國(guó)卷(I)(Text 1)

M: How much are the tickets?

W: There are 15 pounds each, but student tickets are half price.M: Could I have two students’ tickets please?(Text 2)

M: Excuse me.I just want to check the boarding gate for BA16 to London, isn’t it 22? W: Oh it just changed, be 25, down that way on the right.Thanks.(Text 3)

W: Do you live very far from your school?

M: About 8 kilometers, but it doesn’t seem very far, there is much traffic along this road.It’s great to go by bike.(Text 4)

W: Now, can we get the computers before Wednesday?

M: Well, it depends, if it is less than 10 kilometers, we can deliv?er them on Tuesday, but it is further away, it will be on Thursday.Where is your office? W: Just around the corner.(Text 5)

W: You can’t wear that, John.It’s black.M: What’s wrong with a black shirt, everybody has a black shirt.W: It doesn’t look like going to a party.聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。

(Text 6)

M: Hello, may I speak to Mr.Brown?

W: I am sorry, he is out for lunch.Would you like to leave a message? M: Err, what time do you expect him back? W: Say, in half an hour.M: Thank you, I’ll try back later.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。

(Text 7)

W: Welcome to Youth Hotel, can I help you? M: I’d like a room for a night.W: Would you like a single room, a double room or a room for three? M: Oh, a single room please.Can I pay by check? W: Sure, fill in this form please.M: Need my student card number?

W: No, just your address and telephone number.M: OK, here is the form.W: Very well.Here is your key to room 212.M: Thank you!

W: Have a good stay!

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

(Text 8)

M: Hi, you must be that new secretary, welcome!I’m Tom Robison from public relations.W: Hi, Mr.Robison, Thanks.My name’s Lisa Jones, working in sales now.M: Please call me Tom, Lisa.W: OK, Tom.Have you worked here long? M: Yes, over 20 years.W: Wow that is a long time.Do you enjoy working here?

M: Well, yes.I suppose I took the job because err well the money is good, and it’s good place to work in, but to be honest, what I re?ally enjoy is the chance to go abroad, just visiting other coun?tries.That’s the best thing.W: That’s nice, for me the best thing about working here is that I live close to the office, I can go home for lunch, and I don’t have to worry about the traffic.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

(Text 9)

M: Now Cathy, do you know when the visitors from India are coming?

W: We offer them three choices: the end of March, the middle of April and the beginning of May, and choose the earliest one which is good actually with exams coming up in May.M: Right.And how many are coming? Did you say about 12? W: Yes, they said 12 at first, but changed to 10 this morning.M: Good, we have 8 weeks to prepare, here are my suggestions.On the first day, a welcome party, then they can visit the schools in the district on the second and third days.W: We’ve got to remember this group wants to look at how com?puters are being used in the classroom.M: Exactly, so I want to ask Mr.Goodman to give them a talk on this on the afternoon of the third day.W: That will fit in very nicely.M: And on the last day, they would do some sightseeing, we could take them on the tour of London but many of them may have been there already, and Scotland will be too far away.W: Why not take them for a walk along the coast, it should be interesting.M: Good idea!Cathy I’m sure they’ll like it.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

(Text 10)

W: There are many interesting stories about how a baby learns to say its first word.Now Mike, would you like to share your story with us?

M: OK, here’s my story, I was about 18 months old I think and I had just started to say my first word.Every time a truck went by, I would shout a word that sounded like a track, but to eve?ryone else, it sounded nothing like it.My parents tried to cor?rect me, but failed.Then, about three months later, we traveled to New York, as we were waiting for our plane at the air?port.I looked out of a huge window, at that very moment I saw the largest truck in the world, I had to tell someone about this.I turned to my father who was standing next to about a thousand people waiting for the very flight and screamed “Track!Track!” My father tried hard to shut me up, but I was so excited, I kept screaming my special word.My poor mother decided she didn’t know this baby and then ran into the ladies-room where she hid until I finally stopped.Well, I learned how to say truck correctly, and soon I was talking like a normal child.Howev?er, my parents will never forget the very first word I pro?duced in my life.2007年高考英語真題山東卷聽力部分原文材料

第一部分：

1.W: John, is Mark coming for tea tomorrow? M: Yes ,I told you yesterday, Tracy.W: Oh, did you? Sorry, I must have forgotten.2.W: What’s the hurry? We’d like you to stay for dinner.M: Well, thank you, but Helen and I have to meet my parents at the railway station.3.W: Hi, Tom.We have to start the meeting without you.M: I know.my flight was delayed because of the heavy rain.W: But you are just in time for the discussion.4.M: How much are these shoes? W: Oh, they are 35 dollars a pair.M: Do you have size 9?

W: I’m afraid they are sold out.5.M: Hi, I’m thinking of taking a trip during the Christmas holidays.W: Where would you like to go ?

M: Well, maybe somewhere warm and sunny.M: How about a tour to Southeast Asia?

第二部分：

1.M: Ladies and gentlemen, let’s welcome Jane Carter.Jane, you’re so young, how can you sing so well?

W: Well, Mr.Green.I like singing very much and I’ve been doing this for a while.Above all, I have Mr.James as my teacher.M: No wonder.I believe you do a wonderful job tonight.Now, ladies and gentlemen, Jane Carter.2.W: Happy birthday, Jimmy.Are you ready for the next present? M: You mean there is more besides the watch?

W: Come with us, it’s in the car.Now, here we are.You’ve been talking about this for a month.M: Oh, it’s a new computer.It’s just what I want.I’m so happy about it.Thank you so much, Mum and Dad.3.W: Excuse me, sir? M: Can I help you?

W: My name is Jane Smith.I’m a designer looking for a job.M: See my secretary.She’ll search you up with the test.W: When?

M: Next month.W: I can’t wait that long.M: Excuse me?

W: I can’t wait a month.I need something sooner.M: I’m sorry.4.M: Hi, Lily.How is your new flat? W: It’s so great.I really like it.M: How big is it?

W: It’ a one big room, but it has a bath room and a small kitchen, too.M: How far is it from the office? W: It’s only about 10 minutes.M: 10 minutes by bus or by car?

W: On foot.I walked to work this morning.I was 10 minutes early.M: You’re lucky.I was 10 minutes late.W: What happened?

M: All the buses came late.W: What did Susan say? M: She was late, too.W: What happened to her?

M: She took the train and it was late, too.W: Well, then, you were really lucky after all.But what are you going to do tomorrow? M: I’ll start out 15minutes earlier.5.Good afternoon, everybody!And welcome to this class on English words.I hope all of you can hear me, if not, please let me know.I am Professor John Morros.I’ll be your teacher for the next 13 weeks.As you can probably tell, this is one of the most popular and crowded class.Indeed, every time this course is offered, this room is very full.Why is that? Well, in order to use the English language, it’s very important to have at least a basic understanding of how words are formed.Just to mention one figure and there are many.There are about one million words in English.If you’re an English learner, you might wonder how you can possibly remember all of the words.Well, for one thing, you don’t have to.No need of speaker exists who knows all of the words in English language.Besides, there are short cuts.Short cuts? Yes, for example, if you know how words are formed by using parts of words from other language, such as Greek and French, you’ll understand a good number of words when you first come across them.Let me put them in this way, Knowing the rules will help you master a large number of words.This is probably the number one reason why the class is so popular.2008年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)卷）聽力原文

Text 1

M: I think it’s going to rain.W: I guess so.The sky is dark and cloudy.Text 2

M: Lucy is going back to China next month, Alice.W: Oh, really?

M: And she will not take Richard this time.Text 3

W: I hate to say it, but Jackie isn’t doing well in the film.M: Well, I think he is only playing a different type of role.My sister thinks he is still the best.Text 4

M: Professor Miners, could I talk to you about my paper?

W: Sure, come to my office between two to three.It’s Room 340.Text 5

W: OK, time to go home.M: I can’t.I haven’t finished the report about the newly opened restaurant.W: Well, if you carry on working like that, you’ll make yourself ill.Text 6

M: I haven’t seen you for a long time.Where have you been?

W: I went to New York to visit my sister and stayed there for two months.Actually, I really went to meet my new nephew.M: That’s great!How old is he?

W: Well, he was five months old when I got there and he could possibly be the most beautiful baby I’ve ever seen.M: What did you do in your sister’s home?

W: I helped the baby and played with him a lot which was nice, but what I enjoyed most was feeding him.Text 7

M: Air pollution is so bad in this city.I think the government should stop people from driving cars on certain days.W: You have a point.Air pollution is a problem, but not letting people drive on certain days is a bad idea.People have to go to work by car.M: I’m afraid I don’t agree with you there.Reducing air pollution is really important.People are so used to driving that they don’t think about ways to do things.If we stop them from driving on certain days, maybe they could think of new ways to get around.W: I see your point, but I still think it wouldn’t be possible to stop people from driving.Text 8

M: Let’s go and have lunch together.W: OK.M: By the way, I’m thinking of going to New Zealand around Christmas for three weeks.It’s such a beautiful country.I’ve never been there before.W: Have you booked a flight?

M: Not yet.I’m planning to book my flight in two weeks’ time.W: Book your flight right now.M: Why?

W: Because the longer you leave it, the more expensive it’ll be.As a matter of fact, the prices may double at Christmas time.New Zealanders usually go home for Christmas.M: Then, I’m going to book my flight tomorrow morning.Text 9 M: Hello.W: Hello, Mike.This is Jane.M: Oh, hello, Jane.W: Listen, Mike, I’ve got a real problem.M: What is it?

W: The car is broken down.M: Oh, not again.W: Yeah, I checked the oil, and I checked almost everything.It’s just not starting at all.M: You have to get ready of it, you know.W: I know, I know.But, look, the thing is I’ve got to pick Tom up at the airport.Can I …? M: Use my car? Yes, of course.W: That’ll be great;it’s very kind of you.M: Come on when you like, I don’t need it until tonight.W: OK.I’ll be around in about an hour.Thanks a lot.M: It’s all right.See you then.W: See you.Text 10

OK, when we met last week, we talked about different kinds of short stories and some well-known short story writers.I remember that many of you said you liked the American writer Ernest Hemingway, right? I hope you all followed my advice and finished reading his story “A Day’s Wait”, because as I said, we’re going to study it together in today’s lesson.Now, since you’re supposed to have read the story, let’s have some discussion.Please look at the four questions on the blackboard.First, when and where does the story take place? Second, what does the boy wait for in the story? And what kind of person does he show himself to be? Third, what kind of person is the boy’s father? Fourth, what is the writer’s main purpose of writing this story? I’d like you to work in groups of four or five and present your answers in ten minutes.Is everything clear?

2009年高考試題—英語聽力（全國(guó)10）第一節(jié) 1.W: What do you think we need to buy for our new kitchen? M: We’ve got a fridge and a dinner table already, we needs some chairs.2.M: I like to stay two nights, please.W: Do you want full board or half board? M: What’s the difference? W: Full board includes all meals and half board includes just breakfast and dinner.3.M: Shouldn’t we invite Cathy to the party tonight? W: Invite Cathy? She is the one who is complaining whole thing.4.M: Did you say you were driving to town this morning? W: Yes, I have to draw some money from the bank to pay my bookstore bills.5.M: What are you working on so hard? W: An article for the newspaper, if I am late, it won’t get printed until next week.第二節(jié) 6-7 M: Excuse me, I think you are in my seat.W: Sorry, but it says 7A on my boarding card.M: Oh, uh, right, I asked for window seat, you see.W: yes, so did I, what’s your seat number? M: Let’s see, oh, it’s 8A.W: Yes, I guess you are in the seat behind me.M : Oh, yes, sorry about that.8-9 M: Can I help you? W: Yes, how mush are these T-shirts? M: They are 12 dollars 50 cents each.W: I like the green one, but it isn’t big enough.Have you got larger size? M: Just a minute.No, I am sorry, we haven’t.What about the black one? W: No, it is too dark, I prefer something lighter, yellow or pink? M: How about the pink one? W: That’s nice, I will take it.M: That’s 12 dollars 50cents then.W: Here you are.10-12 W: So how long have you been living in London? M: A couple of years.How long have you been working here?

W: Only a few months.I moved down here for the job.There is no work for me where I came from.M: Where did you come from then?

W: I came from a small village called Arnside near Lancaster a year ago.There is nothing to do there, so I moved to London.M: Do you enjoying working here in this restaurant? W: Very much so.13-16 M: I am sure you’ve noticed a lot of things that are different about our school.W: Oh, yes, in the United States, we don’t have to carry a big school bag with us like you do.M: Why is that?

W: We have a locker of our own which is a small box with a lock within textbooks and our personal things in it.I just bring a day pack to school.M: A day pack? W: Yes, it is a small bag which you carry on your back.M: What do you carry in it? W: My notebooks, or a few books for homework.M: That’s convenient.Is there anything else you’ve noticed about our school? W: Yes, I am surprised that everyone is so silent in class.M: What do you mean? W: Well, we usually ask questions about exams, homework or textbooks on the first day of the school year.The teachers like such questions.M: So you thought it different.W: Yes, I expected to see a lot of discussions in class, because we learned that way in the United States.M: I see, that would be a good topic for our school newspaper for the fist month of the term.Nice talking with you.See you around.Bye.W: Bye.17-20 W: Good morning, everybody.Today for our writing class, we are glad to have Mr.Henry Stone with us.A well know writer in this country, he is going to share with us his writing experiences.Now, Henry, please tell us how you find so many interesting things for your stories.M: Ok, I watch people a lot, I do that when I travel, I have been to many countries such as Britain, Italy, and Sweden.So I spent a lot of time at the airports, while waiting for my flights, I watch people passing by and start my imagination.For example, the other day when I was waiting for my flight to Greece, I saw a couple, they were buying magazines at that moment, they were not wearing business clothes, but the man was carrying a suitcase, every few seconds, the women looked around, I wondered someone was following them.Perhaps they were running away and, you know, this reminded me of a story in the newspaper that day: a banker stole one million ponds a week before and disappeared with his wife, there was a picture of them in the paper, the couple really looked like the thieves, maybe I should stop them.Just then, I saw them say goodbye to each other.And the women walked away.Well, sometimes I make mistakes like that, but I find things like that very useful for my writing，2010年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（山東卷）原文

第一節(jié)

1.M: Do you have any plans for the weekend, Dorothy.Would you like to join me for an outing? W: Thanks, but I am going to work on my paper all weekend.2.W: So what did you buy? M: A T-shit, it was a real bargain.I got it half price, saving 15 dollars.3.M: I am going to the museum Sunday afternoon.There is a new exhibition of Indian art.Want to come with me?

W: I’d love to, but my best friend is getting married on Sunday, and I won’t miss it for anything.4.W: National Bank, can I help you? M: Yes, please.What are your business hours?

W: We open at 9:00 and close at 4:00 during the week, on Saturday we close one hour earlier at 3:00, and we are closed on Sunday.5 W: May I help you, sir.M: Yes, I seem to have lost my room key.W: In that case, you need to go to the front desk to get another one.第二節(jié) 6-7 M: Hello, Nora, I heard about a flat that might interest you girls.It’s near the central bus station on the main road, and about 75 pounds a week, quite reasonable.The problem is, it’s only got two bedrooms, but I expect two of you could share.W: Well, as long as it’s to me, I’ve got to have my own room, because I’ve been working at home most of the time, any other information？

M: Yes, it’s got a very big and well equipped kitchen, and I know you like cooking.So that’s another point in its favor, but there is a small sitting room and not much furniture yet.So let me know quickly if you want it or it will be taken.8-9 M: Hello, Barbara, welcome back.You look great.W: Rod, it’s lovely to see you again.M: How was your trip? W: Fine but tiring.Milan was interesting, it’s bigger than I expected, noisier and dirtier, too.M: And Florence, what did you think of Florence?

W: Well, I didn’t go there.Have you been there?

M: No, I’ve never been to Italy.I’d really like to go to Roma.Well, the cars are in the car park.Is this all your luggage? W: Yes, but the suitcase is very heavy.M: Barbara, what’s in it? Books or stones? W: Just 20 pairs of shoes.10-12 W: Hello, Thomas Brothers.M: Hello, this is Mike Landon here.Is Jack Cooper there by any chance? W: I am afraid not, he is away for a day or two, back on, let’s see, Monday morning.M: Oh, well perhaps I can live a message for him.W: Yes, of course, just a minute.Now, let’s see, to Jack Cooper from Mike London.M: No, Landon, L-a-n-d-o-n.W: Sorry, yes, got that, and what’s the message?

M: Well it’s just this: could he come to a meeting on Monday afternoon at 5:00 pm? W: That’s this coming Monday, October 12th? M: Right, it’s to discuss the new factory in France.W: Fine, I’ve got that.I will see that he gets it as soon as he comes in on Monday.M: Good, thank you, goodbye.13-16 M: Now, Mrs.Franks, I just like to read your statement back to you, and then you can write your name on it.W: Fine.M: I was standing in front of the Second National Bank building at about 8:50 am, I saw a small red car heading for the cross roads of Churchill Avenue, and York Road, it was coming towards me along Churchill Avenue at about 40 miles per hour.The traffic lights on York Road changed to green, and a delivery lorry began to move forward at about 5 miles per hour.The driver of the car probably didn’t see that his traffic light has changed from orange to red, and ran into the side of the lorry.W: That’s correct.17-20 Welcome to Montfort School, thank you for choosing our school and for joining the happy Montfort family, which has been educating boys since 1916.We are so happy that you have taken time off to be with us today.It is with great pleasure that we have prepared some events that we hope will please you.At 9:00 am, our headmaster will give a welcome speech;this will be in the school hall.Please be sited by 8:45 am.Following the speech, it’s the guide tour of the exhibition at 9:30, here you can see the proud history of our school and our achievements in the field of education.The exhibition is laid out in the classrooms on the 2nd floor.Then the guide tour of science labs at 10:20 am, here you can see the subjects that new students will be studying.You will also notice that our labs have excellent equipment.At 11:00 am, you will be guided to the tool to practical areas.This covers our technical workshops, music, and other areas of our school life.At Montfort, we believe in all around development of our students.Lunch will be at 12:00.It has been specially prepared for our guests.All our teachers and student leaders will be present to answer any questions that you have in your minds.We are so happy that you could be with us today.2010 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（山東卷）原文

Text 1 W: Jack, how do you like the play? M: It’s a simple story with a happy ending, but, luckily, they had a very strong actor, he managed to carry the whole play.Text 2 M: Have we missed it? The man said it’s only five blocks away opposite the bank.W: Wait a minute, the Chinese restaurant, the national bank, there it is, the Radisson Hotel.Text 3 M: Let’s meet at 20 to 5.W: Well.Could we make it 20 past 5? W: That’s a bit late for me.I could manage 10 past.M: OK.See you then.Text 4 M: What time are we leaving for the outing? W: I’ll phone you tomorrow.I should have everything sorted out by then.Text 5 W: Thanks for all you’ve done for me.Hey, listen, would you like to go to see a film sometime? M: Yeah, that’d be great.I’d love it.Text 6 W: Hey, where is everybody? M: They took Ben to the park.Where have you been? W: Sorry, I’m late.I picked up the cake and it took me longer than I expected.When will the party start? M: Ben invited eight children from school.And they’ll arrive at about 2 in the afternoon.W: OK.Then I’ll put the candles on the cake and leave it in the kitchen and then I’ll come

and help set the table.Text 7 M: So, Macy, how was your holiday? W: Oh, we loved it.Tom liked Germany best, but France was my favorite.M: So did Rachael finally go with you? W: No, she wasn’t able to.She was called away(請(qǐng)到別的地方,分心,改變思想,叫走,轉(zhuǎn)移)

for a business trip to China.M: That’s a pity.So where exactly did you go and visit?

W: Well, we traveled all over, Italy, Spain and Holland;we even bathed in a Swiss lake M: You did, really? Text 8 W: Bob, I’m sure you know about second-hand smoke.M: Of course, I do.W: But have you heard about third-hand smoke? M: Third-hand smoke? I’m afraid not.What is that then?

W: Well, it is here in today’s paper.Parents may think they are protecting children from second-hand smoke when they smoke outside their home or only when the children are not there.But now researchers are warning about what they call third-hand smoke.When you smoke dangerous matter from cigarettes get into your hair and clothing.As babies are the weakest, when you come to a baby, you pass it to the baby and increase the chances of disease in the baby.M: Is that so? In that case I have to say that I should never get close to a baby.W: That’s right.Actually all smoking parents should do the same or better give it up completely.Text 9 M: Hello, welcome to our program “Today City”.I’m Larry.We’re going to Louisville Kentucky where our guest Michelle Ray comes from.She is proud of her middle-sized city with a small town feel and big city dreams.Now, Michelle, tell us about your city.W: Thank you, Larry.Here is my city.Louisville is my city.The first place I take visitors from out of town is to the Highlands for shopping and night life.When I have delicious Asian food I always go to the Zen Garden which provides wonderful all vegetable dishes.M: Wow, that’s interesting.Many people go for(追求,喜歡,被吸引)healthy food now.W: You can say that again（我完全同意!你說對(duì)了）.If I want to go camping and fishing, I go to the Red River area.For complete quiet I can hide away in my house with a good book from one of our public libraries.M: That all sounds very exciting.I’m sure some of our listeners will include Louisville in their travel plan for their next holiday.Thank you, Michelle.Text 10 M: We are glad to have Dr.Garfield to talk to us today about dreams.Let me start by asking the first question.Does everyone dream? W: It appears that everyone does.Mostly when people say that they never dream, what they really mean is that they don’t remember their dreams or they don’t think their dreams are important.The reason behind is that they might have been made fun of with a child when they first reported their dreams or it was so frightening that they just turned off {(使)沮喪,(使)不感興趣 } dreaming completely.The other day, someone named Davis came to me and said that he used to be a great dreamer, but suddenly he stopped having dreams.I asked him what it happened.It turned out {（常與to, that連用）結(jié)果} that his brother died by heart attack and he never expected that such a terrible thing would happen to a young person.Generally, when there was some frightening event and dream about it was too terrible.People prefer not to dream about it.Actually the worst thing you can do is stop dreaming.Because it means that the bad experience would be too painful to even appear in dreams.As long as you dream about it and even the dream is frightening, your mind is working on it.My personal opinion about what dreams do is that they help us deal with our problems.We see certain patterns take place in dreams.When a person is hurt deep inside, when a person is seriously ill or when a person has been really sad, if people turn off their dreams totally, it means they don’t love themselves to even think about it.