第一篇：初中生應用文寫作

應用文寫作范例

1、借條

（2012年安徽省中考語文試題）

校團委開展以“我與環境”為主題的綜合實踐活動。下面是這次活動中的一些問題，請你參與解決。

為了以實際行動美化環境，九(1)班參加了植樹活動。班級向學校總務處借了36把鐵鍬，8個水桶。請你以班委會的名義給學校總務處寫一張借條。（4分）

評分標準：

有“今借到”、“借到”等字樣，1分；寫清向校總務處所借物品的種類、數量，1分；涉及物品的數字大寫正確，1分；正文開頭空兩格、右下方有具名和日期，1分

2、請假條

劉老師8月5日上午給小組同學作“書信與人際交往”專題講座，而張強同學正隨父母在外旅游，他給好友王剛發了一條手機短信：“我跟爸爸媽媽在北京旅游，趕不回去聽講座了，請代我向劉老師請假。”假如你是王剛，請寫一張請假條，代張強向劉老師請假。

3、通知

關于開展“崗位鍛煉，社交培養”暑期社會實踐活動的通知

全體同學：

為充分利用暑期打工的有利時機，提高和培養同學們的社交能力和團隊合作精神，經研究，決定在全體同學中開展“崗位鍛煉，社交培養”暑期社會實踐活動。具體事宜如下：

一、充分認識本次活動的意義

社交能力是一個人生存的必備能力，團隊合作精神是從事工作，合作共事的可貴精神。提高社交能力，培養團隊合作精神對一個人綜合素質的提高具有重要意義。

二、制定計劃，認真實踐

1.每位同學都要認真制定個人實踐計劃，寫好計劃書。2.在崗位工作過程中，注意與各類人員的交往，注意思考與別人交往中的不足，努力克服不足，實現成功交往，成功合作。3.提倡寫《“崗位鍛煉，社交培養”社會實踐日志》，開學后一起上交。

三、有關要求和說明 1.實踐中遇到困惑要聯系咨詢輔導員，各位輔導員為所屬專業本次活動的指導老師。2.開學后上交報告書及日志。3.開學后進行本次活動評選。

學院團總支

xxxx 年xx 月 xx 日

4、申請書

申請書

尊敬的＊＊：

我是＊＊＊，鄭重的向＊＊提出＊＊＊＊＊這一申請。＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊（根據實情詳細說明原因）＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊

我愿意／一定＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊（申請成功后我會怎樣）希望＊＊能夠（批準／考驗／接受）我。此致 敬禮

申請人：＊＊＊

＊＊＊＊年＊＊月＊＊日（1）標題 有兩種寫法，一是直接寫“申請書”，另一是在“申請書”前加上內容，如“入黨申請書”、“調換工作申請書”等，一般采用第二種。

（2）稱謂

頂格寫明接受申請書的單位、組織或有關領導。尊敬的＊＊：（3）正文

正文部分是申請書的主體，首先提出要求，其次說明理由。理由要寫得客觀、充分，事項要寫得清楚、簡潔。（4）結尾

寫明慣用語“特此申請”、“懇請領導幫助解決”、“希望領導研究批準”等，并加上 “此致”“敬禮”。敬禮后面可加感嘆號。

（5）署名、日期

個人申請要寫清申請者姓名，單位申請寫明單位名稱并加蓋公章，注明日期。

5、倡議書

“學雷鋒 樹新風 ”倡議書

親愛的同學們：

早春三月，乍暖還寒，我們需要一種無言的精神來消融這冬天最后的寒意，使我們周圍的天空溫暖起來！那么，就讓我們在3月——紀念雷鋒的日子里趕快行動起來吧！46年前，以毛澤東為代表的第一代領導人發出了“向雷鋒同志學習”的偉大號召，雷鋒精神鼓舞了一代又一代的中華兒女。46年來，雷鋒的名字家喻戶曉，熠熠生輝，雷鋒精神已成為中國人民共同的民族精神。盡管時代已發生很大變化，但雷鋒始終活在我們心里，雷鋒精神始終放射著奪目的光輝。

為此，我們向全校同學提出如下倡議：

1、在班級中，從小事做起，搞好個人衛生，保持教室清潔。

2、在校園中，自覺做到不亂扔果皮紙屑，并能主動拾起地上臟物。把學校當成自己的家。

3、遵守紀律，愛護公物，見到有損壞公物的行為要及時制止。

4、尊敬師長，團結同學，熱心幫助身邊有困難的同學。

5、不購買零食、不吸煙、不踐踏草坪。

6、發揚雷鋒的“釘子”精神，奮進求是，努力學習。學習雷鋒品質，向釘子那樣，有擠勁和鉆勁，多讀書，讀好書，努力掌握文化科學知識，不斷提高自己的水平。“一花獨放不是春，百花齊放春滿園”。希望每位同學都積極參與學雷鋒活動，不僅是在“雷鋒日”，更要時時刻刻將雷鋒精神牢記于心，讓我們從現在做起,從身邊小事做起,把雷鋒精神付諸于行動吧!時代在變遷，雷鋒精神已注入更多新的詮釋，也許我們的行為微不足道，也許我們的行為并不引人矚目，但我們會因自己的熱情而收獲一筆精神財富！讓我們攜起手來，從我做起，從身邊做起，讓雷鋒精神永駐心間！

九（2）班 xxxx年xx月xx日

6、尋物啟事

尋物啟事

本人不慎于xx月xx日乘七路公共汽車時，將xxx、xxx、xxx遺失。有拾到者請與××廠機修車間×××聯系，必有重謝。

電話：×××

啟事人：××× ×年×月×日

尋物啟事一般包括以下幾項內容。(一)標題

尋物啟事的標題可以有兩種構成格式：第一，由文種名稱和緣由構成，如“尋物啟事”。第二，由文種名和具體丟失物名構成，如“尋書啟事”、“尋自行車啟事”。(二)正文 尋物啟事的正文一般由以下幾項內容構成：

其一，寫明丟失物的名稱、外觀、規格、數量、品牌等，同時要寫明丟失的原因、時間和具體地點。

其二，交待清楚拾物者送還的具體方式，或注明發文者的詳細地址、聯絡方式等。第三，尋物啟事是求人協助尋找的，故除文中寫些表謝意的話外，還可以寫明給予拾到者必要的酬金之類的話。(三)落款

落款要署上發文的單位或個人姓名，并署上發文的日期。

7、招領啟事

小區失物招領啟事

尊敬的業主/住戶：

您好！我司安管人員于2011年4月11日晚上十點半左右在陽光美加二期翠湖居大門口文化廣場（即2-3棟間）拾到一部兒童自行車，請失主到翠湖居住戶服務中心（即管理處）認領。

翠居住戶服務中心 二零一一年四月十二日

8、聘書

聘書

為了提高教學質量，本校總部成立了刊授教學研究會。特聘請劉×老師為指導教師，參與教學研究，并關心、指導本校的教學工作。此致 敬禮

刊授大學(蓋章)×年×月×日

聘書

茲聘請趙××同志為××家電集團維修部總工程師、主任，聘期自×年×月×日至×年×月 ×日，聘任期間享受集團高級工程師全額工資待遇。××家電集團(章)×年×月×日篇二：初中語文應用文寫作格式

初中語文應用文寫作格式 1．書信

一般書信（包括請柬）包括五個部分：（1）稱呼。信紙第一行頂格寫，后面加冒號。（2）正文。第二行空兩格寫起，轉行頂格。可有若干段落。（3）結尾。正文寫完，如果正文最后一行空格比較多，可以接著寫“此致”、“祝”等詞語，否則，另起一行空兩格或四格寫“此致”、“祝”等詞語。然后另起一行頂格寫“敬禮”、“進步”等祝頌語。（4）署名。一般寫在祝頌詞下行的后半行。（5）日期。寫在署名下一行，靠右邊寫上年月日。

請柬除具有書信的特點外，還要特別寫明出席的具體時間、地點。用語要客氣有禮貌。

另外，還要注意信封的寫法。要寫清收信方的郵政編碼和詳細地址。收信人的姓名、稱呼位置居中。稱呼是郵遞員對收信人的稱呼，不宜寫“父母大人”、“姐姐”等稱呼。發信人的詳細地址及郵編要寫清楚。如果是掛號信，還要寫清發信人姓名。2．啟事

啟事的寫法是：第一行正中寫啟事的名稱，如“征文啟事”。第二行空兩格起，寫啟事內容。末尾右下方分兩行寫署名、日期。啟事的有些內容要十分具體明確，如地址、時間、聯系辦法等。有些內容就不應寫得具體明確，如“失物招領”中有關失物的詳情，以防冒領。3．通知

通知的一般格式是：第一行居中寫“通知”二字。第二行頂格寫被通知方的名稱，加冒號（如果正文已明確了通知的對象，被通知方的名稱也可略去）。下行空兩格起寫正文，如果正文內容較多，可分條寫，以便讀者把握內容要點。署名和日期分兩行寫在正文的右下方。4．新聞

新聞的樣式很多，下面簡介一下簡訊的格式：（1）標題概括簡訊的主要內容。

（2）導語 導語是簡訊開頭的一段話，要求用極簡明的話概括簡訊的最基本內容。

（3）主體 主體是簡訊的主要部分，要求具體清楚，內容翔實，層次分明。（4）結尾是對簡訊內容的小結。有些簡訊可無結尾。5．申請書

寫申請書的目的是通過向上級或有關主管部門提出自己明確而具體的某種要求并申明理由，以期得到批準。申請書的一般格式是：（1）標題括事由和文件名稱，如“入團申請書”。（2）正文包括申請原因（含申請者有關方面的基本狀況）、事項、理由和要求。（3）結尾署明申請者和日期。寫申請書，事項要明確，態度

要積極，言辭要懇切，理由要充分。6．說明書

說明書要求對所說明對象的介紹既全面又有重點。要客觀、準確、簡明、通俗，不可因追求文詞華美生動而失實，產生誤導作用。

應用文為特定需要服務，受到明確的寫作目的、專門的閱讀對象、一定的使用場合等條件的制約，因此，行文要注重得體：既要準確表達意思，又要適合對方的心理情感，適應特定的人際關系，適應傳遞信息的環境條件和其他條件。遣詞造句既要說得“明”，又要說得“雅”，因此，要學會正確使用一些習慣用語和少量慣用文言詞語。7.請假條

首先頂格寫稱謂，即向誰請假，注意應加上其職務，以示尊重。

第二行空兩格開始寫正文

首先寫明請假事由，其次寫明請假時間，最后加上請假習慣用語“請批準”、“請予批準”等。請假條內容較少的，不用分段。

語言應樸實，簡單，不能作無謂的修飾，把事情說得清楚簡明就好。正文內容結束后，另起一行，空兩格寫禮貌用語（也可省略），一般用“此致”，然后再起一行頂格寫“敬禮 ” ??

注意：

應用文較之一般記敘文、說明文和議論文，與生活、社會聯系更緊密，格式、行文習慣更有規矩。我們無論使用哪種應用文，都必須按其各自規范化的約定俗成的格式來寫，不能隨意杜撰。

強化常見應用文的格式訓練，包括書寫要求、行款式樣、結構形式、習慣用語，稱謂和簽署等，這是應用文寫作訓練的重點。語言要簡明得體，注重規范性。1）簡明。簡明是指語言簡要、明確，不能象記敘文那樣細致描述，也不能象說明文那樣具體闡明，更不能象議論文那樣邏輯推理。2）得體。得體是指語言的運用要注意語言環境。這里主要指具體的時間、地點、場合、對象及表達方式等。語言得體首先要注意表達對象。對領導、老師、父母及其他長輩，一般不能用“希”“望”，應該用“請”、“懇請”。應用文中的某些公告，有告之于公的意思，所以表達上應十分客觀，如合同、規則等，而有些則不同，如報告、請假條等，帶有請示性質，語言應謙敬些，應用文中的書信，帶有最重的主觀色彩，給不同對象寫信，更得強調語言的得體。語言的得體還要注意表達方式。有的應用文要用書面語表述，如計劃、總結、調查報告、告示等，有的則強調口語，如發言稿等；大部分應用文在表達方式上用記敘、說明和議論性文字，如果用抒情筆調來寫，則顯然不得體。

1、自強中學初二（３）班的同學們為幫助貧困山區的孩子上學，集體捐款１９８．３元，由班長李剛代表全班到郵局匯款。需按要求填空：

① 匯款金額（大寫）_______________________________ ② 匯款人簡短附言（寫出匯款目的或匯款心愿等，語言要得體，不超過２０個字）________________________________________________________________

2、“十一”快到了，育英中學決定在全校發起一次“歌頌祖國”的征文活動，請你以該校學生會的名義寫一份《“歌頌祖國”征文啟事》。要寫清楚這次征文活動的目的、要求、做法，格式行款要正確，字數在１５０左右。

3、根據文后的問題，修改下面的尋物啟事

尋物啟事

本人是供銷社會計，于５月１５日騎車經過農科大學教援樓附近時，不小心

丟失皮包一只。有拾到者請交給本人，我愿意負出重金表示感謝。

此致

敬禮 春風供銷社全體職工 ５月１６日 ⑴ 它在格式上有兩個毛病：①__________ ② _________ ⑵ 它在內容上有兩個問題：①__________ ② __________ ⑶ 文中有兩個錯別字，在原文中圈出，并在旁邊寫上正確的字。

4、下面的會議通知有四處錯誤，請一一指出。

通 知

研究決定，本星期六下午第二節課后分年級召開各班學生代表會議，收集對

各科教學的意見。希各班派代表按時參加會議。

此致

敬禮

教務處３月１日

⑴ 格式方面的錯誤是：① ________ ② __________ ⑵ 內容方面的錯誤是：① ________ ② __________

5、下邊是一份按書信格式寫的申請書，其中行款格式有三處錯誤，文字表達有四處毛病，請指出或改正。

申請書

敬愛的學校團委：

我通過團章的學習，團組織和團員同學的教育和幫助，認識到作為九十年代的青年，①必須爭取積極加入到青年人自己的組織──中國共產主義青年團。共青團是黨領導下的先進青年的群眾性組織，是黨的可靠助手和后備軍，②是培養青年學習共產主義理論，具有“四有”、“五愛”品質。正是如此，我應該爭取加入共青團。

我向你們申請，我要用實際行動爭取及早加入共青團，③請一定批準。如果我被批準了，我決心遵守團章，④執行團員義務，參加團的工作，做名副其實的共青團員，處處起模范作用，為“四化”貢獻力量；如果我一時未被批準，決不灰心，要接受考驗，繼續創造條件努力爭取。

我寫了一份自傳，包括我的家庭成員情況，請審查。

此致

敬禮！

育英中學初三（２）班 楊瀾 ⑴ 指出行款格式的三處錯誤：①________ ；②________；③ ________。⑵ 改正文字表達的四處毛病：① __________；② _________ ；③ ___________；④__________。

6、廣播搞寫作要求內容有針對性，同時要寫得短小、得體、通俗、口語化。下邊是一篇廣搞的頭兩段，其中有五處不得當（已用橫線標出），請加以修改。同學們，告訴大家一個敲擊我們心扉①的好消息。我校男子藍球隊今天上午在縣中學生運動會男藍決賽中，經過一個多小時的激烈比賽，以８８：８５力克②了松柏中學代表隊，取得了本屆中學生男子藍球錦標賽冠軍。

今天上午，驕陽似火。我校男藍隊員，發揚“一不怕苦，二不怕死”；③的精神，打出了風格，打出了水平。陳帆同學（高二５班）④沉著冷靜，一人獨得２２分，為我隊的勝利立下了豐功偉績⑤

修改意見：

① _________；②__________ ；③_________；④_________；⑤ ___________； 【參考答案】 １２、⑴ ① 標題應放中間 ② “此致敬禮”多余 ⑵ ① 沒說清如何交還②不應署單位名

⑶ “援”改“授”“負”改“付”

１３、⑴ ① 通知發布者和發布日期寫在了一行 ② 正文后濫用致敬語

⑵ ① 地點不明 ② 代表人數不明

１４、⑴ ① “敬愛的校團委”沒有頂格寫

② “敬禮！”沒有頂格寫

③ 申請人后面或下面一行沒有寫上申請日期

⑵ ① 必須積極爭取

② 是培養青年??具有“四有”、“五愛”品質的大學校③請批準 ④“執行”改為“履行” １７、① 激動人心 ② 戰勝（打敗）③ 不怕累、不怕苦

④ 高二年級五班陳帆同學 ⑤ 汗馬功勞篇三：初中應用文寫作指導及范文整編 英語應用文寫作指導及范文整編

應用文是人們日常生活中廣泛使用的文體。它最突出的特點是它的實際應用性，應用文包括很廣，如書信、通知、日記、海報、便條、啟事、請柬、電報、合同等。應用文的語言應使用規范語言，重在實用，力求樸實、準確、簡潔。

一、書信類

書信我們分為兩部分：信封和內容。

1、信封的寫法。

英語信封正面的左上角，寫發信人的姓名和地址。在信封的正面中央偏左一點，寫收信人的地址和姓名。

英語信封上的地點名稱由小到大，視其長短可占二至五行不等。

寄信人只寫姓名，不寫頭銜。但是，收信人一般都在名字前加上頭銜，以示禮貌和尊敬。對于沒有官銜和學銜的人士，通常在姓名前寫上mr., mrs.,或ms.。

信封的寫法，一般來說，很少出現在中考英語的作文中。信封寫法例文：

發信人：中國貴州興義市湖南路65號劉斌，郵編，562400 收信人：美國舊金山林肯大道112號jimmy，av 3042 dear cathy, i like your program very much.it has a lot of interesting stories, attractive games and popular english songs.from your program we can learn many new words and exp(轉載于:初中生應用文寫作)ressions.we can improve our listening and speaking in english.we can also know more about the culture of other countries in the world.in a word, we learn a lot from your program.i’m sorry to tell you that i can’t follow you easily sometimes because you speak little bit fast.it’s also a pity that we can only watch your program twice a week.thank you for giving us a lot of fun!i wish your program a bright future!yours sincerely wang ping 有的時候，出題者會讓考生寫e-mail。e-mail的寫法和書信的寫法基本一致。只不過少了書信在信封上的繁瑣。

例，（2005年北京）根據中文大意，寫出意思連貫、符合邏輯、不少于50詞的短文。

假設你叫王明，昨天收到了筆友david的e-mail，得知他不久要到北京來學習中文。他想了解如何學好中文。請你用英文給他回復一封e-mail，介紹學習中文的體會和方法，提出你的建議，以及表達你幫助他學好中文的愿望。dear david, hope to see you soon in beijing.yours, wang ming subject: help rent a room date 30/06 9:04am dear jenny, im going to study in canada, so ill have to find a room to live in.i know housing is very expensive there.please help me find a room at a lower price(about 150 dollars).please e-mail me if you have any good news.i am looking forward to seeing you soon.yours, li ming cc: none subject: re: pen-pal wanted hello, kayla, i’m mike.i am 15 years old.i’m glad to know that you would like to have a pen-pal.i also want to find a pen-pal from the internet.when i’m free, i like to listen to the music, go hiking and play basketball.i’m good at english and art.we can learn from each other and be good friends.i hope to hear from you soon.best wishes.mike 明信片

jenny正在北京玩，她昨天去參觀長城，很快樂。她要把長城介紹給她的父母，長城大約6500公里長，用大石頭在大山上建成的，她很高興自己成為一個真正的好漢。請幫她寫一份明信片，上面有一張長城的圖片。時間是2月4日，星期四。地址是加拿大阿爾伯特省艾得蒙頓市公園路522號。

thursday, february 4th dear mom and dad, i miss you.love, jenny

二、發言稿

發言稿要注意以下三點：

1、發言的地點

2、發言的對象

3、發言的內容。

請看例文：

（2005年河北）在一次英語班會上，老師請同學們以“proud of my school”為主題發言。請根據下面所給的提示寫一篇發言稿。字數要求在80～100詞之間。文中不得出現真實的人名、地名。

提示：①what does your school look like？

②what fun do you have at school？

③why do you like your school？ proud of my school my school is very big with several tall buildings.there are over 1，000 students in my school.we have a big playground, a big soccer court and two basketball courts.there are lots of trees around our schoo.we have lots of fun at school.after class we play games and do lots of sports, like a big family.the teachers in my school are as kind to us as our parents.i feel proud of my school because it is one of the best schools in my heart.發言稿(2)假定你班今天下午要開一次以keep our school clean為主題的英語班會，請以班長的身份準備一篇70詞左右的發言稿。

提示：不隨地吐痰，不亂扔垃圾，不在墻壁上亂涂亂畫，每天保持教室內外清潔等(不要逐句翻譯)good afternoon, everyone!were studying in this school.its our duty to keep it clean and tidy.its not polite to spit in public places, such as in the library, in the classroom.we should neither draw pictures on the walls nor throw any litter onto the ground.i think we must make it a rule to do some cleaning every day.if everyone tries his best to do something useful for our school will be more beautiful.thats all.thank you!

三、通知

書面通知一般都是在第一排中間寫notice，第二行不必寫稱呼語和結束語。空出4個字母的位置后直接寫正文，正文要說明通知事件的具體時間、地點、活動內容及注意事項。發出通知的單位寫在正文的右下叫。通知的時間寫在通知單位下一行的左下角。正文一般采用文章式，有時為了醒目，也可采用廣告式。廣告式要力求簡明扼要，一個句子可分幾行。每行第一個字母一般要大寫。，1）廣告式的通知示例 english evning by students’ union, foreign language school 7 p.m.saturday, may 29, room 316 meeting hall programmes songs dances stories plays please go to room 205 office building for tickets, may 25 2）文章式的通知示例，(1)notice there will be a teachers and staff’s sports meeting at digua high school from april 28 to 30.the events consist of basketball and tug-of-war.all the players and viewers should be present on time.digua educational trade union april 25th , 2011(2)notice tomorrow is tree planting day.it is warm.you will have no classes.we shall plant trees in the park.we will meet at the school gate at 8:00 in the morning and go there by bike.we will have lunch there.please bring some water and food with you.dont be late.headmaster office mar.11,2004(3)notice all the teachers and students are supposed to meet outside the school gate at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning in old clothes to plant trees on west hill.the school hill march 11, 2009(4)notice may 24, 2007 monitor thth篇四：中考常用應用文寫作格式及范例

高考語言運用常用應用文寫作格式及范例

1、感謝信

是為表示感謝而寫的一種專用書信。①標題：第一行正中寫“感謝信”三字； ②稱謂：頂格寫被感謝的單位名稱或個人姓名、稱呼，后加冒號；

③正文：寫感謝的內容，敘述先進事跡，贊揚好的品德作風以及產生的效果； ④結尾：寫表示感謝、敬意的話； ⑤署名：寫提出感謝的單位名稱或個人姓名；

⑥日期：寫在署名下一行的右邊。例：

感謝信

××農科所：

在今年五月我鄉玉米發生大面積蟲害，嚴重影響生長的緊急時刻，貴所派出全部農業技術人員來我鄉根治病蟲害，避免了上千畝玉米絕收。目前作物長勢良好，豐收在望。謹向你們表示衷心感謝!我們決心在黨的十八大精神指引下，繼續努力生產，以實際行動答謝你們的幫助和關懷。

此致

敬禮

××鄉人民政府 ×年×月×日

2、留言條

是指找人沒有找到，又沒有時間等候，只能留給對方一個簡短而明了的條據。①稱謂：稱謂要頂格寫，條子留給誰就稱呼誰；

②正文：轉行空兩格寫正文，簡單明了的把你要給對方說的事情寫清楚；

③署名和日期：在正文右下方寫清楚誰

留的條子，并在署名的下一行寫清年、月、日。例：

劉磊同學：

原定星期日的春游改在星期六了。原因是氣象臺預報星期日有中雨。上午八時在校門口集合，請你準時參加。

同學：王明

×年×月×日

3、請假條

①標題：第一行正中寫“請假條”三字；

②稱謂：頂格寫稱謂，即向誰請假，注意應加上其職務，以示尊重；

③請假原因：空兩格，說明請假事由，如病假、事假等；

④請假起止時間：ⅹ月ⅹ日至ⅹ月ⅹ日，共ⅹ天； ⑤祝頌語：如“此致 敬禮”（注：可要可不要）；

⑥請假人簽名：右側對齊；

⑦請假時間：在簽名下面，寫上請假條書寫的日期。

例：

請假條

尊敬的李老師：

因我的生活費所剩無幾，需回家去取，特向您請假兩天（3月16、17日）。請您批準。學生：張小光 2014年6月15日

4、通知

①標題：第一行居中寫明“通知”或“關于xx 的通知”；

②稱呼：換行頂格寫明被通知方的名稱，后用冒號；

③正文：另起一行空兩格寫通知內容，如會議通知包括會議內容、時間、地點、出席對象和有關準備事項等；

④署名：正文下一行的右下方寫發出通知的單位或組織；

⑤日期：寫在署名下一行的右邊。例：

通知

各班班主任和政治老師：

明天下午第三課后在黨支部辦公室召開班主任和政治老師會議，討論研究怎樣加強學校政治思想工作問題。請充分準備意見，準時參加。

校黨支部辦公室 2014年6月6日

5、啟事

①標題：第一行居中寫明“xx啟事”； ②正文：另起一行空兩格寫啟事內容，交代有關事情的原委和目的，提出要求和希望，說明有關注意事項及辦理程序等。有些內容則不應寫具體明確，如“招領啟事”中有關失物的詳情，以防冒領； ③署名：正文下一行的右下方寫提出啟事的單位或個人；

④日期：寫在署名下一行的右邊。

第二篇：應用文寫作

證明信

XX公司：

貴公司陳紅確是我校畢業生。該學生在校期間品學兼優，2000、2001、2002學期均被評為校級三好學生，在校期間積極參加校內戶外活動并取得較好的成績。2003年被評為市級優秀畢業生。

特此證明

XX職業（公章）二00四年三月七日

推薦信

各位校領導：

您好！

某某皮具有限公司在我校招聘文員和秘書實習生，為此，特向您推薦黃文武同學去實習。我認為黃文武同學去人秘書實習生，其理由如下：

一、他學完了所有的秘書大專自考課程，并全部一次性通過全國統一考試。

二、他不僅拿到了XX大學的自考專科文憑，而且在計算機方面取得了計算機操作員中級職業資格證書，曾參加全市計算機錄入比賽獲二等獎。

三、在校連續三年獲優秀學生稱號，2007年獲國家獎學金。特此推薦，請予考慮。此致 敬禮

班主任：XXX（私章）

二00八年五月五日

感謝信

XX職校：

尊敬的校長、老師和同學們，你們好！

我是貴校剛畢業的學生王曉珍。我在貴校學習期間，因為家里發生了巨大的變故，負債累累是我無法繼續完成學業，只能輟學。老師和同學們知道了我的情況后，積極替我排憂解難，讓我順利的完成了學業。在此我們全家非常感動。老師和同學們對我的關心和友愛，我由衷地感謝你們！

我今后會更加努力學習，爭取取得更優異的成績。我用實際行動來感謝你們對我的幫助。再次感謝你們！衷心祝愿貴校全體師生工作順利、學習進步、身體健康！

王曉珍全家

二00九年十月六日

愛護鳥類倡議書

親愛的市民朋友們：

鳥類和野生動物是人類親密的朋友，也是維護自然生態平衡的重要因素，保護鳥類的野生動物就是保護我們人類自己！

保護鳥類和野生動物是我們每一個市民朋友義不容辭的責任。在此，我們向全體市民朋友們發出如下倡議：

一、主動學習保護鳥類的科學知識和相關法律法規，牢固樹立保護鳥類光榮，破環鳥類違法的理念，養成愛鳥保護鳥的良好習慣；

二、積極行動起來，不傷害、不捕殺、不籠養野鳥，拒食野鳥等野生動物，從我做起，做一名文明、守法的公民；

三、保護鳥類的野生動物的自然棲息地，愛護一草一木，保護綠地和濕地，減少環境污染，為鳥類和野生動物創造良好的生存和生活空間；

四、自覺遵守保護野生動物的法律、法規，及時舉報并制止非法捕捉、傷害鳥類和野生動物的行為，堅決與各種破環鳥類和野生動物資源的違法行為做斗爭。

市民朋友們，讓我們共同努力，積極行動，從我做起，從小事做起，爭做保護鳥類和野生動物的衛士，讓鳥類和野生動物與我們人類在同一片藍天下平安快樂地生活，為建設我們美好和諧的家園做出自己應有的貢獻。

上海市烹飪協會 二0一一年四月五日

開業申請書

XX省工商管理局：

我是XX市XX職業學校計算機應用技術專業畢業后的學生。考有計算機資格證書，加強實踐鍛煉，現在已充分掌握了計算機應用的知識和技術，我也自籌了資金20萬元。

這一年來，本省的用電腦的群眾極速增加，許多人對電腦的需求越來越多。

為此，我申請開辦個體電腦公司。懇請主管部門批準我的要求，盡早發給營業執照。開業后，我保證遵守國家的政策、法令，嚴格按章繳納稅金；對客戶做到熱情服務，合理收費，保證質量，使客戶滿意。

此致 敬禮

申請人 項XX 二00六年六月六日

建議書

黃老師：

最近，我們班學習風氣不好，影響了全班的正常上課，會分心。為了轉變學習風氣、改善學習態度，提高學習成績。我向您提出以下幾點建議：

一、每天早自修安排兩個同學負責早讀，督促大家認真早讀；

二、安排班干部記錄課堂紀律，違紀者予以記名；

三、在班級合適地方張貼學習資料；

四、開展“結對幫帶”的帶動全班一起進步。以上幾點不成熟的建議，供您參考。此致 敬禮

文秘班學生付XX 二00九年三月六日

建議書

教導處主任：

我們是07商務（3）班的學生。半個多學期來，大家感到作業負擔太重。每天下課都是做作業，課外活動也被擠掉。這主要是因為有的老師喜歡拖堂，即講課條理性較差造成的。為了提高課堂學習效率，保障休息時間，所以我們建議：

一、希望教導處對這些老師提出要求，盡量不要拖堂，最好課堂上留五之十分鐘讓大

家做作業；

二、希望教導處指導教師改進教學方法，盡可能做到精講多練，活躍課堂氣氛；

三、盡可能保證我們的課外活動時間。這樣可以豐富我們的課余生活。以上建議，不當之處，請批評。此致 敬禮

07商務（3）班全體學生

二00八年五月三日

慰問信

敬愛的老師們：

流光溢彩的九月，秋風送爽，桃李芬蕓。我們迎來了教師節，在這丹桂飄香的金秋時節悄然而至。九月如期而至。九月獻給老師。我們銘記九月，因為這是你們永恒的節日；我們贊頌九月，因為這是我們真誠的表白。

三寸舌 三寸筆 三尺講臺 三千桃李 十載風 十載雨 十年樹木 十萬棟梁

你們總是如此默默無聞的執著于自己的工作崗位，你們總是如此深沉地奉獻著自己的知識和青春。用你們陽光般溫暖，雨露般甘甜的教誨，讓我們從混沌中領悟人生，讓我們在學習中升華！是你們，造就了生機勃勃、欣欣向榮的人民職高！是你們，伴隨著我們成長，培育出自強不息、不斷進取的品德！是你們，辛勤耕耘在三尺講臺上，無怨無悔！從認字的那天起，我們的每一步成長都離不開你們無限的關愛！

光陰輕輕帶走了你們辛勤勞動的一幕幕，正如它輕輕帶來了這讓我們回憶與感動并存的九月。

九月，是只情滿泗意的杯子，我們用雙手高高地舉起——在一片真誠的祝福聲中，請你們干杯。

九月的樂章已經奏響，請接受我們九月的獻禮吧！所有拼搏在教育戰線的老師們。祝全校老師節日快樂、身體健康、工作順利！

XX學校學生會 二00九年九月十日 本學期的個人學習計劃

上學期因為復習課的時候不是很認真的聽講，而造成了期末考試成績不太理想。根據上學期的期末考試各科的成績，為保證能在這學期中的個人學習活動有序進行，進一步的提高自身學習成績。結合上學期的學習要點，根據自身的實際能力，特制定本學期計劃：

一、認真聽老師講課，認真做好筆記，認真做好家庭作業；

二、多讀課外書，增強自身的課外知識，以及增強自身的閱讀能力；

三、積極向老師或同學請教自己不理解的題目，以便于你更好的復習；

四、自信是非常重要的，要經常對自己說：“我是最棒的，不要讓自己失去自信心。”擁有樂觀，積極向上的學習態度才能更好地完成最后學習考核。

11禮儀班 葉舒婷 二0一二年五月二日

XX學校上學期創安全班級的工作總結

現在每個家庭只有兩三個孩子，孩子的安全健康成長關系著每個家庭的幸福和平安，要為家長分憂解困，為做好安全教育工作是班主任工作的重中之重。班級安全是確保構建和諧校園這一目標任務實現的重要前提和保障。班級安全工作，直接關系到學生生命安全和學生健康成長，關系到千家萬戶幸福安寧和班級聲譽。為了深入貫徹上級有關文件精神，進一步提高全校學生的安全防范意識，切實加強學生人身安全教育，創設一個穩定、安全、有序、平安 的校園環境，確保班級正常的教育教學秩序，一學年來，我認真貫徹班級有關“創建平安校園” 暨 做好班級安全工作的精神，結合我班實際，提高認識，加強管理，注重落實，講求實效，取得了很好的成效，得到領導的肯定和社會家長的認可，切實達到了創建平安校園的目的。現將班級安全工作總結 如下：

一、班級是未成年人較為聚集的地方，班級安全工作的主要對象是在校學生，他們的自我保護意識和防范能力相對較弱，是安全工作領域的弱勢群體，確保他們安全的任務十分艱巨。班級安全工作有其特殊性：

1)學生每天都有變化，都需要重申安全紀律，強調防范措施；

2)從初級中學八年級學生的年齡、生理以及知識結構、認知和自我防范能力等特點來看，班級安全工作的這根弦得時刻繃緊，時刻提防；

二、責任分工，層層落實

按照學校工作部署，具體負責本抓班的安全工作，落實班級的安全管理。成立了班主任主管，班長分管，學習委員、團支部書記、體育委員、勞動委員層層分解負責，做到一人主抓一塊，層層抓落實。班主任在學年初給每位學生簽訂安全責任書 全面抓好下列安全工作：學生個人飲食衛生安全、參加勞動人身安全防范、安全法制教育；校內打架斗毆事件的預防與處理；禁煙和防賭安全工作。教室宿舍居住、床位安全；教學、生活設施安全；食堂飲食衛生安全；用電安全；預防基建工地人身安全。課堂教學人身安全；體育課、活動課、實驗課、電腦課教學安全；實驗室、電腦室等有關器材使用安全；外出教學活動人身安全。

三、建設“平安校園”，保障班級安全的關鍵在防范

班級 堅持 “預防為主”的方針，強化管理，落實各項安全措施。進一步明確目標責任，落實到人，學生對個人安全防范形成書面材料并上交班主任。各小組責任人認真進行自查，做到邊查邊改，對檢查中發現的隱患和問題做好記錄，并由專人負責，限期整改，切實做到層層有目標，人人有責任。

總之，班級安全管理是造福學生的一項重要舉措，也是事關廣大學生、班級的生命財產安全的一項重要工作，班級安全建設的成功與否與班級的改革、發展、穩定息息相關。我 們始終把安全工作擺在班級各項工作的重要位置加以落實，給學生提供一個安全健康的環境，讓每位學生都充分認識到安全工作的重要性，要人人關心、人人支持、人人參與，始終圍繞保障學生生命和財產安全作為重中之重，切實為班級創造安全穩定的工作發展環境貢獻自己的力量。班級多一分管理，學生就多一分平安，社會就多一分和諧。

XX學校 XXX 二0一二年五月九日 XX學院辦公會議記錄

時間：2009年5月5日上午8：30至上午10：00 地點：第一會議室 出席人：尹XX（院長）、孔XX（辦公室主任）、徐X（院長辦公室秘書）及學院各部門主要負責人

缺席人：王XX、鄭XX（另有會議參加）主持人：胡XX（副院長）

記錄：徐X（院長辦公室秘書）

議題：討論我院如何按照市教育局的《通知》精神抓好安全工作

一、主持人開場白 略

二、主題報告

主持人傳達市教育有關安全文件的通知（略）

三、討論發言 1.尹XX：（略）2.孔XX：（略）3.徐X：（略）

四、決議

1.傳達《通知》精神，對全部人員開展一次安全教育 2.各部門責成有關人員安排好安全檢查、整頓工作 散會。

主持人：（簽名）記錄員：（簽名）2009年5月5日

省商務廳深入學習實踐科學發展觀活動

簡報 第二十五期

省商務廳深入學習實踐科學發展觀活動領導小組 2008年11月19日 _____________________________________________________________________ 編者按：開展深入??，供全廳人員學習參考。

金融危機的影響及應對建議

去年年底發生在美國的??不利影響。為此建議：

一、是密切關注金融危機??，促進產業升級。

在國內，隨著原材料價格上漲，運費??具有重要的指導意義。

_____________________________________________________________________ 送：省委學習實踐活動領導小組辦公室，省委學習實踐活動領導小組第六指導檢查組，省商務廳學習實踐活動領導小組成員，廳領導 發：廳機關各支部（總支）、各處室、廳屬事業單位

（本期共印80份）

歡送詞

尊敬的XXX博士：

在您訪問結束，即將回國之際，我代表我方向您表示熱烈歡送。

XXX博士的訪問雖然短暫，然而是極其成功的。在北京期間，他會晤了有關方面的領導同志，參加了工廠、農村、學校，與各界人士進行了談話，并認真研究了我國政治、經濟、文化和教育。促進了對我國的認識和了解，增進了相互之間的友誼，為今后的合作奠定了良好的基礎。

在最后，希望XXX博士再來我國進行訪問，不斷加深研究和了解，是合作取得更大的成就。

祝XXX博士回國途中一路平安！身體健康！

開幕詞

各位老師們、各位同學們：

大家好！在今天這個令人激動的時刻，我們迎來了我校校運動會的勝利召開，在此，我代表全校老師和同學們，向這次體育盛會的召開表示熱烈的祝賀！

這次運動會是對我校體育教學工作的大檢閱，更是對我校師生精神面貌和綜合素質的大檢閱。體育是力量的角逐，體育是智慧的較量，體育是美麗的展示，體育是理想的飛揚。在這緊張激烈的賽場上，希望全校師生要以我國的體育健兒為榜樣，以飽滿的激情、昂揚的斗志，勇于拼搏進取的信念，團結向上的精神投入到本次運動會上。賽出成績，賽出水平，賽出風格！讓我們的實際行動來追求更高、更快、更強！

最后，祝全體運動員們賽出好成績！預祝大會圓滿成功！

XXX

二0一一年九月二十九日

第三篇：應用文寫作

應用文寫作

胡建舫

第一講

應用文概述

一、概念

國家機關企事業單位社會團體個人在處理事務工作進行社會活動中經常使用的具有規范格式的文種。

訓練:舉例說明哪些文章屬于應用文.二、特點

價值實用性

應用廣泛性

建構模式性

表述簡約性

使用時效性

三、作用

管理國家

宣傳教育

聯系溝通

憑證記載

四、分類

應用文分公務私務兩大類;公務應用文可再分通用專用兩類

上行

平行

下行

訓練:舉例說明哪些文章屬于上行文

五、文本的構成要素及其要求

主旨:客觀

單一

明晰

語言:直接

行業

模式

材料:真實

充分

具體

結構:合理

規范

訓練:修改下面段文字

時間如白駒過隙,過得飛快，一轉眼，2010年將要過去了。在過去的一年里,我公司的經濟效益猶如穿云燕子,飛向百尺竿頭.公司上下興高采烈,笑逐顏開.現在,我們把去年的工作總結一下。

試寫一則留言條,集體修改。

六、應用文特用詞舉例

稱謂用語:你

我本

貴

該

開端:為了

依照

茲定于

頃接

遞送:報

呈

印發

頒發

下達

轉發

擬辦:擬辦

責成交辦

試辦

引敘:悉

收悉

過渡:為此

鑒于

綜上所述

期請:懇請

特請

擬請

如蒙

希望

尚望

希予

結尾:當否 ,請批示

特此報告

為要

訓練:解詞

茲經

如蒙

擬請

鑒于

為此

此復 責成謝忱

謹悉

屆期

頃接

七、關于經濟應用文,略

八、常見公文的開頭和結尾

開頭:目的式 根據式 融合式 引文式 自然式 引敘式 時間式

結尾:自然式 強調式

總結式

說明式

希望式

征詢式

第二講

行政應用文

一、行政應用文的廣義與狹義

廣義,略

狹義,略

二、版式及構成要素

1.文頭

1)版頭

2)發文字號(聯合發文

簽發)

3)簽發

4)秘密等級和保密期限

5)緊急程度

6)文件份號

2文件主體

1)標題(程式 簡化式

標點

省略關于

戒虛題)

訓練:修改標題

(1)中共中央國務院關于法輪功的通知

(2)關于召開布置增產節約勞動競賽活動的通知

擬標題

拾金不昧

再要經費

砍伐樹木

自然災害

人事調動

轉發

2)主送(頂格

順序

概稱)

3)文章主體

4)附件

5)發文機關成文日期印章(聯合發文)

3.文尾

1)主題詞

2)抄送

3)印制日期份數

訓練:根據標題擬主題詞

國務院關于十一五期間深化科學技術體制改革的決定

關于禁止在新關水庫內搞旅游問題的批復

國務院辦公廳克拉瑪依特大火災事故情況的通報

國務院關于發布《國家行政機關公文處理辦法》的通知

關于崇明島發電用煤缺口問題的請示

解釋意思:

滬府[2007]51號

新政辦函[2007]3號 填空: 關于（）《廣東省碧水工程計劃》的（）各市縣自治縣人民政府,省府直屬有關單位: 《廣東省碧水工程計劃》業經省人民政府同意,現（）給你們,請認真執行。北京市人民政府（）各區縣人民政府,市府有關直屬單位:

現將國務院《關于修訂<發明獎勵條例>的通知》(國發[1999]279號)（給你們,請認真執行.)

第三講

通知

一、用法

批轉下級機關公文，轉發上級機關和不相隸屬機關公文,傳達要求下級機關辦理和需要有關單位周知或執行的事項，任免人員.二、批轉轉發類通知的寫法

1.標題

1)不出現關于 2)例舉

國務院辦公廳轉發工商總局等部門關于嚴厲打擊傳銷和變相傳銷等非法經營活動意見的通知

云南省人民政府批轉省工商局《關于做好<中華人民共和國合同法>貫徹實施工作的意見》的通知

江蘇省教育廳轉發教育部辦公廳《關于印發<高等學校學報管理辦法>的通知》的通知 2.主送,略 3.正文主體:

1)現將

《》(X[]X號)

給你們，執行。

2)

業經

同意，現批轉給你們,請貫徹執行。4.附件認定

訓練:修改下面一則通知。

關山市財政局轉發省財政廳文件的通知 各區財政局:

現在，將財政廳二00七年九月十五日第六號《關于個部門召開訂貨會議,其住宿費一律由招待所旅館等部門出具收費的通知》發給你們.通知中指出的以會議專用章等名義出具,隨意提高收費標準,加收空房費,為會議上請客招待開方便之門的違反財經紀律的現象在我市也是存在的。今后，我市各單位的會議，其住宿費出具收費的單位,均擬按照上述通知的規定執行。

二00七年

月

日

三、會議通知的寫法

1標題:關于召開

會議名稱

的通知

2正文開頭

1)自然式

目的式

融合式

2)會議名稱

3)過渡:現將會議有關事項通知如下

3主體 1)分條列項式

2)內容

地點

時間

與會人員

攜帶材料

報到

食宿等 4結尾:自然式

強調式

希望式 訓練:修改一則會議通知

關于召開布置開展增產節約勞動競賽活動的通知 各分公司分廠各車間黨支部總公司直屬部門:

為貫徹上級精神，總公司董事會研究決定在全公司范圍內廣泛開展增產節約勞動競賽活動.現在把會議有關問題通知如下:

一會議時間:10月4日至8日.二會議地點:總公司招待所.三與會人員:各分公司分廠總公司各直屬部門主管生產的負責同志工會主席等。

四請各單位準備好本單位開展勞動競賽活動的經驗材料,限5000字.并請與會人員于10月4日前來報到。

吉林省石化總公司

****年**月**日

四、任免人員通知

例文: 海防市人民政府關于單邊王鵬同志職務任 免的通知 各區縣人民政府,市政府各委辦局,直屬機構:

經2007年9月4日海防市第十一屆人民代表大會常務委員會第三十次會議決定: 任命單邊同志為海防市規劃委員會主任。

免去王鵬的海防市規劃委員會主任職務。

二00七年九月四日

五、指示性通知

例文: 烏魯木齊市人民政府辦公廳關于在機構改革中加強我市中等專業學校管理工作有關問題的通知

各區縣人民政府,市政府各委辦局,各中等專業學校: 為在政府機構改革和中等職業教育結構中切實保護國有教育資產，為我市中等專業學校的發展創造良好的環境，現就加強我市中等專業學校管理工作有關問題通知如下：

一

二

第四講

通報

一、用法

表彰先進批評錯誤,傳達重要精神情況。

二、寫法 1.標題

1)關于表彰(獎勵)趙楠同學的通報 2)關于青海省特大騙匯案件的通報 2.正文

1)開頭:概括敘述通報事實

2)主體:定性

通報根據

(過渡)決定 3)結尾:希望式

推及到面

訓練:根據所給材料寫一份通報

鐘荷花同學是烏魯木齊成人教育學院財經系2007級經濟管理班學生。2009年9月4日下午5點30分,她去參加應聘工作.當路過建設銀行幸福路儲蓄所門前,撿到了一捆錢,坐等右等不見人來認領，就把錢交給銀行工作人員。經查,為人民幣三萬元.又過了半個小時,失主裴順福老人跌跌撞撞沿途找到銀行.當老人拿到失而復得的錢時，老人異常激動,差點暈了過去。他淚流滿面,抽出一沓錢硬要塞給鐘荷花,她謝絕了.最終,老人打聽到她所在學校，給學院送了一份感謝信。學院研究決定,表揚該生并獎勵人民幣500元。

韓成是我院計科系2005級信息管理專業的學生。2007年7月5日下午,他一個人在宿舍用電爐子煮火鍋吃,釀成火災,經過周圍師生的奮力撲救，大火撲滅,但宿舍的被褥,桌椅等均不同程度受損,價值折合人民幣521元。代學院寫一份批評通報。

第五講

報告

一、用法

向上級機關匯報工作反映情況答復上級機關的詢問。

二、種類:工作 專題 答復 遞送

三、寫法

1.標題

《烏魯木齊職業大學2010年工作報告》

《關于組織師生觀看討論影片<一曲難忘>情況的報告》 《關于近來學生思想動態的報告》 2.正文開頭

1)報告的目的或緣由 2)自然式

總括式 3正文主體,略

4.正文結尾:強調式 自然式 期請式 總結式

三、習作訓練:根據材料寫作.2007年8月26日下午約4點,烏魯木齊地區普降大雨,為歷史上五十年不遇.當日的氣象預報也沒能及時準確報出.當晚12點,南山礦區暴發了泥石流,區人民醫院四間藥品庫平房被沖毀,八間職工宿舍被沖倒塌,很多醫療器械被沖走.該院領導趕緊組織職工搶險.經過三個小時的奮戰,該院把價值128萬元的藥品搬到了安全的地方,被沖跑的醫療器械也全部找了回來。此時,大雨忽停忽下，領導安排其他職工先回去休息.萬一出現緊急情況再通知大家。

代請該院給區政府寫一份反映這次災害的報告。

第四篇：應用文寫作

如何規范應用文寫作

應用文不但是人類在長期的社會實踐活動中形成的一種文體，而且是人們傳遞信息、處理事務、交流感情的工具，有的應用文還用來作為憑證和依據。可是隨著社會的發展，人們在工作和生活中的交往越來越頻繁，事情也越來越復雜，因此應用文的功能也就越來越多了。所謂應用文是人們在生活、學習、工作中為處理實際事物而寫作，有著實用性特點，并形成慣用格式的文章。

1.當今社會包括政府單位在內，很多應用文寫作不規范的行為，如何更好規范應用文寫作呢？

一、明確概念、認清特點、把握語體特點

1、概念：

應用文是黨政機關、企事業單位、人民團體和個人在日常工作、學習和生活中處理公私事務時使用的具有實用價值和固定格式的文體。對應用文的認識，應從兩方面考察，一是從文章的功用來看，應用文從產生到發展都是以應用為目的的，或用于處理公務，或用于個人事務，這一點，使它鮮明的區別于以審美為主要功能的文學作品；二是從文章的表現形式上看，應用文較之于其他文體，有著更為嚴格的寫作格式，語言文字也較簡明通俗，這一點是與它功能上的實用性相適應的。

2、特點：

第一，功能上的實用性。

應用文的產生源于社會發展和社會生活方方面面的實際需要。國家出現，需要政事管理，出現公文，有了商品交換，契約文書應運而生；社會進入法制階段，便產生了訴訟文書，實用性是應用文最為根本的特征和生命之所在。應用文是據以辦事的工具，它既有明確具體的實用目的，又有明確、固定的使用對象。

第二，內容上的真實性。

應用文的實用性是以真實性為基礎和前提的，失去真實性，應用文就失去了價值和意義，甚至會造成重大的破壞性影響。第三，形式上的程式性。

由于社會交際的需要，應用文的文體形式不斷完善和充實，在結構形式、語言表達上形成了一些慣用的格式，在有些公用文書的辦理上也形成了一定的程式，這就是應用文的程式性。這些程式化的東西，有的是約定俗成的，如信函、請柬的寫法；有的是由國家權威行政機構做出統一規定的，如行政公文的格式及寫法，都是由《國家行政機關公文處理辦法》規定的，這個規定，1993年由國務院辦公廳發布，2000年由國務院發布，體現了高度的統一性。還有的是由行業約定，如經濟應用文的寫法、建筑行業的招投標書、司法應用文中的起訴狀、上訴狀、申訴狀等都有具體的要求和約定。第四，時限性。

應用文的寫作是服務于生活和工作的實際需要的，是為解決實際問題的，所以要在一定時限內完成，這就是它的時限性。這其中包括兩方面的內容： 一方面從應用文發揮作用的角度說，它有一定的時限性，應用文在一定時間內有效，過了時間就不再有效，時間短的如開會的通知，會議結束了通知就失效了，長的如行政法規、規章，最長的是國家的根本大法《憲法》，當下一部《憲法》出臺后，原來的就只有保存的價值了。另一方面，從應用文的撰寫的角度來說，它也要講究時限性，在規定的時間內完成應用文的撰寫，否則，就影響了工作。

二、應用文寫作要遵守約定俗成的格式要求

關于應用文的寫作，要十分注重人們所說的“約定俗成”的格式要求。這種寫作規范并非是一種嚴格規定的法定形式，而是無數前人在寫作實踐中所取得的某種共同的認識和約定，也可以說是一種審美趣味上的趨同和共識。可見，“約定俗成”雖然不屬法定規范，但它必然包含著寫作規范中許多合理因素，我們應該加以繼承和保留，不應隨意破壞和擅自修改，以免影響應用文的特定交際功能。能夠善于運用應用文的“約定俗成”格式，也是一個人語文修養和水平的具體體現。

比如就書信而言，不要以為它的寫作十分簡單。寫信寫了十幾年了，還有錯。實際上，真正能夠規范地全部書寫正確書信格式的人，可以說是鳳毛麟角。有的人對此不以為然，書信格式錯了，不也照樣收到，意思也能理解。但它不知道，它所體現的語文修養卻是有天壤之別。就像吃飯一樣，有的人用臟手抓飯往嘴里塞，有的人卻用高級餐具進餐，其風格的粗魯和優雅是不可相比的。

三、注重應用文的語言特征

應用文作為一種實用性文體，語言上與其他文體相比較，主要表現出“樸實、沿習、多元、明確、簡練、生動”等特征。

1、樸實——開門見山、自然質樸

文學作品屬形象思維范疇，主要用場景渲染、人物描寫、心理刻畫等手法塑造出活生生的藝術形象來感染讀者，即“以情動人”。語言上特別重視積極的修辭手法，特別講究動詞、形容詞的錘練。論文寫作屬邏輯思維范疇，以對事理的解剖分析、綜合歸納、邏輯推論“以理服人”，語言上特別重視語法、邏輯和專業術語的準確。

應用文是一種處理公私事務的工具，是用來說明事實、解決實際問題的，側重于“以事告人”。所以語言要求樸實無華、開門見山。

2、沿習——文有定型、約定俗成。

一般說“文無定法”，但寫作應用文應當遵循“慣例”。應當符合相對穩定的格式、表述規定的內容、使用習慣的語言。標題、開頭、結尾、轉折過渡采用習慣的用語。

3、多元——文字數據、表格圖形。

一般文章多用文字表述，應用文除了用文字表述外，還可以用數據、表格、圖形來說明事理，可謂“語出多門”。特別是財經類應用文則大量采用數據、表格、統計圖形。

商務類文體寫作

4、明確——確切無誤、明白通曉。

文學創作講“文貴曲”，而應用文有很強的政策性、實用性。要求語言明確，使人一看就懂，一懂就可執行、答復或辦理，不能模棱兩可，不能有再創造的余地。明確特征要求，不用或少用比喻，不用或少用具有描寫性和感性色彩的詞語。

5、簡練——言簡意賅、文約事豐。

“簡”本來是戰國至魏、晉時代的書寫材料，是削制成的狹長竹片或木片。由于這種書寫材料制作的困難，就要求作者必須言簡意賅，盡量爭取以少少的文字，容進多多的意思。“練”指把絲麻或布帛煮得柔軟潔白，這里是要求文字寫得明白。

應用文寫得簡實、煉是高速傳遞信息的需要，是節省時間、提高辦事效率的需要，也是樸明確特征在“文字量”上的體現

6、生動——有聲有色、活潑鮮明。

語氣莊重、言簡意明、直來直去、明白顯露是應用文用語的基本要求。但在調查報告、總結等應用文種里，也可以用生動活潑的語言表達事理、吸引讀者，感染讀者。誠然，上述應用文文種不會象文學作品那樣借用種種寫作手法來塑造形象，只可以有限使用比喻、借代、夸張等修辭技巧，穿插使用成語、俗語、歇后語等增強文章的吸引力、感染力、新鮮感。

應用文不但是人類在長期的社會實踐活動中形成的一種文體，而且是人們傳遞信息、處理事務、交流感情的工具，有的應用文還用來作為憑證和依據。可是隨著社會的發展，人們在工作和生活中的交往越來越頻繁，事情也越來越復雜，包括政府單位在內，很多應用文寫作不規范的行為，如何更好規范應用文寫作呢？

2.如何更好在社會各界推廣應用文寫作？

隨著經濟和社會的發展，人們在工作和生活中的交往越來越頻繁，事情也越來越復雜，因此應用文的功能也就越來越多了，主要體現在以下幾個方面：

一、新聞媒體所說的消息，也叫新聞。新聞這一概念有狹義和廣義之分。狹義的單指消息；廣義的指消息、通訊、報告文學、特寫、評論、新聞照片等等。新聞消息是我們幾乎天天在報上和電視上見面的一種應用文。在各種新聞宣傳形式中，消息是目前世界上發表量最大、受眾最多的一種文體。它在報紙、廣播電臺、電視臺每天安排的新聞節目中，大多放在前面，而且使用頻率最高的一種文體。在西方發達國家，每天播出消息的數量占整個新聞節目的70％、80％，有的甚至超過這個比例，因此在新聞方面加強應用文推廣有著至關重要。

二、營銷人才不僅要精通網絡信息，能熟練運用電子工具，而且還必須具有較強得應用文寫作能力，也就是說具有較強的應用文寫作能力是衡量現代營銷人才的重要標準。所以說對市場營銷專業學生的應用文寫作能力的培養在現代營銷活動中具有極其重要的作用。

三、應用文是國家黨政機關、企事業單位、民主黨派、社會團體以及廣大人民群眾，在日常工作、生產、科研、學習和生活中辦理公務和個人事務時所常用的具有直接使用價值和某種慣用體勢的一類文章總稱。它是人們交流思想、互通情況、解決問題、處理事務的工具。因此在國家黨政機關、企事業單位、民主黨派、社會團體加強應用文推廣有著至關重要。

四、應用文在日常工作、生產、科研、學習和生活中辦理公務和個人事務涉及的范圍比較寬廣，不僅體現在導游、海報、啟事、禮儀類文體寫作、主持詞的寫作、演講詞的寫作、名片和請柬的創意與寫作，而且體現在求職應聘類文體寫作、策劃類文體寫作、商務類文體寫作、報告類文體寫作、法律類文體寫作、實用類文體寫作、常見公文寫作等等之類的文體中。

總之，應用文寫作有很明確的對象和目的，內容強調真實不能有虛構、夸張、什么比喻、擬人等等，它的文風相對來說就要樸實一些，不要憑個人好惡主觀臆斷。應用文寫作在思維上側重邏輯思維，講究邏輯體現在文章結構上。就是有條理清楚、井井有條，斷了之間有明顯的邏輯關系。陳述事項界限清晰，不交叉、不困亂，內容前后講究因果，材料能夠證明觀點。應用文有規定的格式，寫作過程要按固定格式來寫，不能標新立異要遵守慣用或通用格式來寫。應用寫作的目的是實用，語言要求簡潔、明確、概括、精煉、恰當使用詞語、專業詞語。應用文寫作體現了實用性、功用性、固定性、真實性、明確性、針對性、客觀性、邏輯性、規范性、簡明性、是應用文所應具備的基本特征，也是對應用文寫作的基本要求。

所以在社會各界推廣應用文寫作對國家經濟和社會發展有著極其重要和積極促進的重要作用和意義。

第五篇：應用文寫作

Practical Writing I.Notices

Notices are mostly written to make known something about to happen or, sometimes, something that has happened.It may be an announcement of a meeting, a party, a film or video show, a contest, a match, etc.Such a notice includes at least three parts.1.Date—day of the week—time 2.Place 3.Activity For lectures or talks, the notices should also include: 4.Background information about the speakers, and for tours 5.Other details Models

Class Meeting Wednesday Oct.5 p.m.Rm 405

Movie— Hamlet in the Auditorium 4:00—6:00 p.m.Sat.Apr.5 Admission Free 3

Basketball Match on Playing Court # 1 English Dept.vs French Dept.Mon.June 6 5:00 PM 4

Women's Lib Movement on U.S.Campus

Speaker: Prof.Betty Powell Professor of Sociology, Smith College Author of The Other Half of the Sky

Date: Friday, 8 May Time: 10 a.m.Place: Rm.101 All Welcome!

Notice

The gentleman/lady who bought two ivory figurines and a lacquer ware coffee set from the Chinese Arts and Crafts Store on the morning of May 2nd has been overcharged through an accounting error.Will he/she please contact the Manager's Office to be refunded?

Manager's Office

FOUND

A brown leather wallet, in the dining hall on the morning of Sept.29th.Owner please claim at the Lost and Found Office, Rm.320 on the 3rd floor of the Office Building.Lost and Found Office

FOUND

A brown leather wallet, in the dining hall on the morning of Sept.29th.Owner please claim at the Lost Property Office, Rm.320 on the 3rd floor of the Office Building.Lost Property Office

SUNRISE TOUR GROUP Schedule for Tuesday, August 10

8:50 a.m.Meet in hotel lobby

to board bus for

the Summer Palace

Lunch at the Summer Palace

Quick stop at

the Friendship Store

for last-minute purchases 4:30 p.m.Return to hotel

Liu Xinhua，Tour Guide Monday, August 9 8

BUS

TOUR

We are arranging for a bus tour to the Summer Palace on this SATURDAY, 24th September.The bus will depart from the Beijing Hotel shortly after 8：30 a.m.and will return around 6 p.m., in time for dinner at the Hotel.Lunch will be served atRestaurant in the Summer Palace.There will be quick stops at the Haidian Free Market and the Beijing Zoo on our way back.If you would like to join us, please place your name on the sheet on the Notice Board, or tell Mr.Wang Huaide or Xiao Liu at the front desk, and meet in the lobby at 8:30 a.m., SATURDAY, 24th September.Cordially yours，(Signature)

Hu Wendi, Tour Guide

II.Greetings, Good Wishes, Congratulations, and Condolences

These are words conveying different messages for different occasions usually written on cards which include: 1.name of the person to whom the message is sent: To Mr.& Mrs.Smith/Dr.Brown/Prof.Stone/Dick/Annette 2.the message 3.name of the sender:

from Li Lihua Model

To Dr.Brown, A Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year!

from Li Lihua 1.Greetings(1)For Christmas and the New Year:

1)A Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year!2)Sending you wishes for a beautiful Christmas and a New Year filled with happiness!3)Best wishes for a Happy and Prosperous New Year!4)Warm regards and season's greetings.5)Warmest thoughts and best wishes for a wonderful holiday and a very Happy New Year.6)Remembering you with a warm wish for a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.(2)For a birthday: Happy Birthday!Many Happy Returns of the Day!(3)For a wedding anniversary: Many Happy Returns of Your Wedding Anniversary!2.Good Wishes(1)To someone in hospital: 1)Best wishes for a speedy recovery.2)Get Well Soon!3)Warmest Get-Well Wishes.(2)For an examination: Good luck in your examination!(3)For an interview for a jobs: Good Luck in your interview!3.Congratulations(1)On success in doing something:

Hearty congratulations on your success!(2)On a marriage: Hearty congratulations on your marriage and best wishes to you both!Best wishes for a long and happy married life to you both.4.Condolences Heartfelt/Sincere condolences in your great loss.We were shocked and deeply sorry to learn the passing away of Mr.A.Please accept our very sincere condolences in your great loss.III.Notes

Notes are short letters written for various purposes.Compared with a letter, a note is simpler in form and often informal or colloquial in language.In a note, the following may be omitted: 1.the addresses of the addressee and the addresser 2.the word “Dear” in the salutation 3.the complimentary close 4.the year in the date Be sure that the date of your note is made quite clear.Though the date may be written in numbers only, it is best not to use only numbers to avoid misunderstanding and confusion;for 10/1/93 is Oct.1, 1993 to the Americans, but Jan.10, 1993 to the British and most Europeans.October 1, 1993 may also be written as 1(st)October(,)1993 or abbreviated to 1 Oct.'93, with or without a comma between the month and the year when you write the day before the month.The names of other months with the exception of May are often abbreviated to Feb., Mar., Apr., Aug., Sept., Nov., and Dec.June and July may be abbreviated to Jun.and Jul., but it is better lo spell them out.Models

1.Appointments 1.Feb.11

Helen, Could we see each other for about an hour on Friday afternoon at 3 o'clock?

Xiaohong

2.July 15 Larry, I have to meet my wife at the airport at 3 p.m.today.Shall we discuss the matter at 10 tomorrow morning? If not, please ring me to make another time—many thanks.Liu

3.Tues.May 9 Prof.Lowell, I'd like to discuss with you the outline of my BA thesis.Could you please appoint a time and leave a message for me with Ms.Lin at/in the department office? Thank you.Wang Hong 4.Mar.8 Mr.Magee, Would you please arrange for(our)Mr.Tan Yiguo to be met at the...airport? He arrives at 18:40 hours on Flight BE 421 from London.Many thanks, Su Hoping

2.Apologies 1.Tues.Oct.20 Dear Prof.Richards, I'm sorry I couldn’t' make our 4 o’clock appointment.My meeting lasted a lot longer than I expected.I could meet you in the department office tomorrow at 3, if that is convenient for you.If not, please leave a note in my mailbox, # 529, tomorrow morning.Thank you, Zhang Hongyi

Tuesday 20th October Dear Prof.Richards, I'm sorry I couldn’t' make our 4 o’clock appointment.Prof.Sterne's lecture lasted a lot longer than I expected.I could meet you in the department office tomorrow at 3, if that is convenient for you.If not, please leave a note in my mailbox, # 529, tomorrow morning.Thanks, Zhang Hongyi

2.Sat, Oct.31 Dear Mr.Clark, I would like to express my apologies for not being able to keep our 9 o'clock appointment.I had a small accident on my way to school.I will come over to your apartment the day after tomorrow----Monday, November 2, at 9 a.m.if that is convenient for you.I will check my mailbox(# 245)tomorrow to see if you have left a note for me.Otherwise, I will see you at nine, Monday morning.With many apologies，Li Xiaomei

3.Dec.10 Dear Mr.Liang, I am so sorry I have been unable to get you the address of Mr.John Eastman yet.I have tried very hard but have had no success.1 shall keep on trying.Yours sincerely, Jane Bunyan

4.Dec.12 Dear Ms.Bunyan, I am sorry I have given you so much trouble over finding Mr.John Eastman’s address.I am very grateful to you for all you have done.Please do not worry about the matter any further.Sincerely, Liang Xinyu 5.Oct.4 Susan, I am sorry to have to tell you that I shall not be able to come to the party, because I have a bad cold.I do hope you will have a good time.Feihong

6.2nd Nov.Henry, I am sorry I shall be out of town on business on Nov.8, so I am afraid I am having to postpone our meeting to Thursday, Nov.12 at the same hour.I do hope you can still come, and very much regret any inconvenience the postponement may cause you.Shihui

7.3rd July Jianhua, I am terribly sorry 1 failed to meet you at the school gate yesterday afternoon.I had one of the bike tires punctured on my way, and by the time I had the puncture mended and got to school, you must have given up hope and left.Do please forgive me.George

3.Informal invitations 1.Julyl George, Would you like to come swimming with me next Monday afternoon? We could meet at the school gate at about 1:30 p.m.and then go together.Jianhua

2.Cathy, We are having tea and moon cakes in my flat(392)tomorrow night(Thursday)about 8 p.m.Do come if you are free.Huiling 3.Dear Mr./Prof.Leavis, There will be a meeting of our drama group on Saturday afternoon, April 5, at 5 in our classroom, # 410, in this building to discuss which play to put on for English Evening.We would like to hear your suggestions and hope you will come if you possibly can.Song Liping

4.Dear Ms.Gates, We are having a party in our classroom, # 402, to celebrate....Would it be possible for you to join us on Friday, December 29, at 8 p.m.? We would be very happy if you could be with us.Students of Class 5 Grade '93

5.Mr.& Mrs.Johnson, We should be very glad if you could come to dinner with us at our apartment at about 7 p.m.on Wednesday, Sept.21st.We look forward to seeing you.Liling & Dahua

4.Requests

1.1st August Dear Judy, Congratulations on your very good paper at the conference.Could I have a copy of it sent to the following address...? Thank you.Jiaxin

2.Dan, Please let me know as soon as possible what arrangements you have made.Thank you.Tong

3.Dear Mr.White, Would you please let us have the information about your flights to Sydney by next week.Thanks.Zhang Qingyuan

* I would like to receive this publication regularly.* I would be grateful if you could let me have full details of the symposium.* We would appreciate having the addresses and telephone numbers of your branches in Tokyo, London, and San Francisco.5.Thanks 1.Huiling, Thank you very much for the invitation.I would be delighted to come.Cathy 2.Dear Hongfei & Weizhou, Many thanks for your kind invitation to dinner on September 23rd.David and I accept with pleasure.Teresa

* Thank you very much for the lovely dinner yesterday.We enjoyed the evening a lot.* 1 am writing to thank you for the wonderful time we had at your party l.ast night.3.Dear Mr.Singh, I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for your warm hospitality during my stay in New Delhi.I enjoyed it greatly.Fang Tongbao

* I am writing to express my appreciation of all that you did for me during my visit to New Delhi.* Thank yon so much for your assistance / for the information you gave us.1 should be happy to reciprocate your kindness at any time.* It was most kind of you to give us the benefit of your experience.Please accept our warmest thanks.6.Messages 1.Dear Mr.Ali, Here is a ticket for the exhibition tomorrow.The car will come around at 10:00 tomorrow morning.Hong 2.Dear Mr.Hussain, A Mr.Ali who recently arrived from Egypt wishes to see you.You are requested lo ring him up any lime this evening from 8:00 to 10:00 at 500-5566, Ext.2106.Liu IV.Letters

Letters are important means of communication.Generally speaking, there are two types of letters, business letters and personal letters.By “business” we do not mean buying, selling, or exchanging goods with people or companies but important matters we have to discuss or deal with.Business letters may be a recommendation, a job/school application, an inquiry, an answer, an invitation, a complaint, etc.In other words, all letters which are not “personal“ are ”business“ letters.1.Form A letter has six parts: the heading, the inside address, the salutation, the body, the complimentary close, and the signature.(1)The heading The heading gives the full address of the writer and the date of the letter.It is usually written or typed in the upper right-hand corner of the first page.It may be either blocked or indented.It may or may not have end punctuation.If letterhead stationery is used, the date is often centered two or three spaces below the printed matter, though it may be written flush with either margin.The British may put a comma after each line in the heading and end the address with a period, but the Americans do not: British Ms.Jennifer Stone, 20 Fairview Drive, Eastbourne, 2BU.England.Take care that the date of your letter is made perfectly clear(See III.Notes)

(2)The inside address The inside address, which is often omitted in personal letters, gives the name and full address of the addressee.It goes above the salutation.As in the heading, the use or nonuse of end punctuation depends on the preference of the writer.BN18

American

Ms.Jennifer Stone 20 Fairview Drive Eastbourne, BN18 2BU England(3)The salutation The salutation is a greeting to the addressee.It is written flush with the left margin two spaces below the inside address.The British tend to use a comma after the salutation and the Americans a colon, especially in a business letter.The first name(Christian name)may be used in friendly personal letters.But in the salutation of a business letter, the surname of the addressee is used, as in the following examples: British: Dear Professor/Prof.Smith, Dear Mr./Dr.Stein, Dear Ms.Santos,(or Dear Miss Santos,)Dear Ms.Singh,(or Dear Mrs.Singh,)

American: Dear Professor/Prof.Smith: Dear Mr./Dr.Stein: Dear Ms.Santos:(or Dear Miss Santos:)Dear Ms.Singh:(or Dear Mrs.Singh:)

What merits the attention of Chinese students is that they should use Ms.when the marital status of a woman addressee is not known or when she(married or not)prefers the Ms.In letters to organizations, or to persons whose names you do not know, the following greetings are used:

Dear Sir:(or Dear Madam:)(or Dear Sir or Madam: if you do not know the sex of your addressee)

To whom it may concern:(only for testimonials and things of that kind)

Dear colleague:(to a person who is of the same profession as the writer, and usually used when you are sending a circular to many people)(4)The body In the body of the letter, all paragraphs should begin flush with the left margin(the block style)or begin with an equal indention(the indented style), and the letter is usually single-spaced within-the paragraph and doubled-spaced between paragraphs.(5)The complimentary close The closing of a business letter consists of three parts: complimentary close, signature, and the typed name.In the complimentary close, only the first word is capitalized.The close is followed by a comma.The conventional complimentary closes in business letters are: ”Yours truly,“ ”Yours Sincerely,“ ”Sincerely yours,“ ”Sincerely,” “Cordially yours” or ”Yours cordially.”

The close of a personal letter is of a more free choice.“Affectionately,” “Fondly,” “ Yours with love, ” “With best wishes, “ ”Love,” “Yours,” ”As ever, “ etc., can be used apart from ”Yours sincerely, “ ”Yours truly, “ etc.;which one of these you use depends on your exact relationship with the addressee.The closing can be put either on the right-hand side or left-hand side of the page.Some writers even prefer to have it in the middle one or two spaces below the last line of the letter.(6)The signature In a business letter the handwritten signature is placed between the complimentary close and the typed name of the writer, and writer's official capacity is indicated after the typed name.In a personal letter, you may sign your full name, your first name, or even a nickname in accordance with your relationship with the addressee.If you send along with your letter such things as a resume check, a receipt, etc., write Enclosure(s)or EHC.to remind addressee that besides the letter, there is another material in the envelope.If you happen to have something additional to say after you have finished the letter, you may begin with P.S., which stands for ”postscript“, and then write what you wish to add.2.Language The style and tone of letters can be greatly varied.Generally speaking, the style and tone of a personal letter differ from those business letters—the former is casual, whereas the latter is form However, for either of them, the language should be clear and direct.Business letters should be polite in lone, exact and concise wording.387 Paragraphs in business letters tend to be short.Very often you find the first and last paragraphs are single-sentence paragraphs.The first paragraph may be a single sentence that indicates the subject and purpose of the letter.If necessary, one more sentence may be used to refer to previous correspondence when such correspondence needs to be remembered.When you answer a business letter, it is advisable to identify it by mentioning its subject and date.Always remember that you begin and end a business letter with a cour-teous tone.The following are some useful expressions with which to begin or end you letters.(1)Business letters 1)Invitation * I am writing on behalf of all the members of our Literature Society to ask...* We should be very grateful if you could give a talk on ”The Latest Development in...“ to our...Club on Saturday afternoon, June 20th...2)Application for entry to a college * I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about your college and for the application forms...* I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to do graduate study in your university...' ?

* Thank you very much for the information you sent me about your college and for the application forms, which I am returning with

388 three letters of recommendation * Thank you for your enquiry about the possibility of coming as a visiting Scholar to the Department of....We should be very pleas welcome you here and to invite you to participate in the activity the Department.3)Application for scholarships/assistantships/membership jobs * I should like to apply for one of the scholarships that your department may be offering to students from other countries.Would please send me the necessary application forms and any truth tails about the scholarships...* I should be very grateful if you could let me have details c teaching assistantships in electric engineering that your department may have...* I am thinking of applying for membership of your library/d should be grateful if you would let me know how I should go it.../would you be kind enough to let me know the facility provide? * Thank you for the information about your scholarships/teaching assistantships....* Thank you for the scholarship application forms which you are

kind enough to send me...? Thank you for your help in this matter.? Thank you for your letter/I have received your letter of/date 19...* I see from your advertisement in yesterday's China Daily.* I am interested in the post/I should like to apply for the position which you advertised in yesterday's China Daily...389 * I should very much like to be considered for the post of...which was advertised in...* I am looking for a job as..., and would be grateful if you would consider me for such a post in your firm.* Thank you for your time and consideration.? I can come for an interview at any time convenient to you.? I look forward to your early reply/the interview.? I look forward to hearing from you and I do hope I shall have the opportunity of an interview.4)Applications for visas * I am planning to visit Singapore in June and should be grateful if you would let me know what I have to do to get a visa...* Will you please kindly let me have a visa for entry to your country? I enclose the forms which you sent me and also two photographs...(2)Personal letters * I am sorry that it has taken me so long to reply.., but...You will be very glad to hear that...* I thought you would be interested to hear of...* Best regards to you and your family.* Please remember me to.../ Please say hello for me to...* Please accept our thanks in advance.* If there is anything I can do for you, please do not hesitate to let me know.* In the meantime, please accept my very best wishes for a complete and speedy recovery.*...join me in sending you our warmest congratulations/in conveying our sincere sympathy to members of his family.390 3.Addressing an Envelope Write the full name and the address of the addressee in the middle part of the envelope.The return address which gives the full name and address of the writer is placed in the upper left-hand corner of the envelope.Note that the name of the addressee is written first;then the number of his/her house, followed by the name of the road/street, on the same line;then the town/city in which he/ she lives;then the county/state and the zip code;and lastly the country, if the letter is an international one.Li Mingxin

Dept.of English Beijing Foreign Studies Univ.Beijing.100081 China

Prof.Richard Miller 502 North Olive Avenue

West Palm Beach.Florida 33402 U.S.A.The following may be written on the top left-hand corner of the envelope '?(1)Put Printed Matter for printed material to be sent by surface mail.(2)Write Please Forward if you want your letter to be sent on to the addressee whose new address you do not know.(3)Mark the envelope with Photo(graph)s:(Please)Do not bend or Photos Enclosed if there are photographs in your letter.391(4)If you ask Mr.Richard Miller to pass on a letter to Mr.Li Mingxin, write Mr.Li Mingxin first, followed by c/o(which stands for ”care of“)Prof.Richard Miller and the latter's address;Mr.Li Mingxin

c/o Prof.Richard Miller

502 North Olive Ave.West Palm Beach, Florida 33402

U.S.A.5)If you ask Mr.Li Mingxin to forward a letter to Prof.Richard Miller in person, there is no need to write the address;just put Prof.Richard Miller in the middle of the envelope and underneath, Kindness of Mr.Li Mingxin.Prof.Richard Miller Kindness of Mr.Li Mingxin

392Models

1.Business Letters

Inquiry

f English Department Beijing Foreign Studies Univ.Beijing, 100081 China , Sept.5.1993

HEditor Newsweek International 444 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10022 U.S.A.Dear Editor:-

? Inside address

Salutation

I read in Newsweek/ September 14, 1987 that an updated second edition of the unabridged Random House Dictionary of the English Language is being published.I would be very grateful if you could give me some information on-where and how I can get a copy of the dictionary and if there is a less expensive edition than the one described.Thank you for any help you can give me.Complimentary close ? Signature — Typed name ? Invitation

Date

Dear Mr.Harvey: We should be very grateful if you could give a talk on ”...“ to students of the English Department on Saturday, Apr.19.If I his subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would also he welcome.We have already had several very interesting talks from distinguished visitors from various countries this semester and look forward eagerly to the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom.I Sincerely yours.J Li Gang, President, Student Union ^Beijing Foreign Studies Univ.Closing ?

Offici(3)Dear Prof.Li:

On behalf of Acting President Catherine Chapman and Wellesley College, I am extending to you our formal invitation to visit Wellesley' s campus.We have arranged a meeting between you and Mrs.Chapman for the morning of June 29 at 9:00.We would like to have you as the guest of the College for an overnight stay at the College Club either the night of June 28 or June 29.We are all looking forward to your visit to our campus.Sincerely,(Signature)Helen T.Lynn Chairman and

Kenan Chair Professor Application and Reply

338 E.44th St.Apt.11A New York, NY 10017 U.S.A.Mav 16, 1992 Professor Wang Yiming Department of English Beijing Foreign Studies University Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China

395 Dear Professor Wang: I am interested in teaching English in the People's Republic of China.I am qualified to teach reading, writing and literature.An acquaintance of mine, Mr.Liu Yongli of your University suggested that I should write to you.Presently, I work as a teaching assistant in X College in Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.My background is strong in the liberal arts, especially in the English language.I have a Ph.D.degree in linguistics from University of Michigan.Enclosed you will find a copy of my resume.Basically, I am interested in a position as a foreign language expert or as a teacher.If you have any positions available, please allow me to interview with you.Thank you for your time and consideration.'

Respectfully yours,(Signature)Christine Stein End.396 BEIJING FOREIGN STUDIES UNIVERSITY Department of English 2 North Xisanhuan Ave.Beijing，100081 China letterhead June 14, 1993 Ms.Christine Stein 338 E.44th St.Apt.11A New York, NY 10017 U.S.A.Dear Ms.Stein: Thank you for your letter of May 16.I must apologize for taking so long in answering, a situation caused by a number of recent conferences.We appreciate your desire to offer your services to our University.From the information you supplied about yourself, there would be no question about your qualifications.However, we have only a small quota for foreign teachers, and all our positions for this year and the coming academic year have already been filled.We shall keep your offer on file and inform you should there be any openings.In the meantime, you might try other colleges here in Beijing or other cities.397 Thank you once again for your offer.Best wishes for success.Sincerely,(Signature)Wang Yiming(,)Chairman Department of English

Date

Chairman Department of Sociology University of Massachusetts at Amherst Amherst, MA 01003 U.S.A.Dear Sir:

I am writing to you in the hope of obtaining a one-year grant to do some research work in your department.I am an associate professor in the Department of History in the Central Institute for Nationalities.In addition to research work, I also offer courses in ethnology and sociology.Recently I have just finished a book on the history of the Jews in China, which is to be published by the New World Press ill(lie coming year.Enclosed please find three letters of recommendation and my resume.398

Thank you for your time and consideration.I look forward, to your reply

Sincerely yours,(Signature)Lo Liguo End.Department of Sociology UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AT AMHERST

(Letterhead)

Thompson Hall Amherst, MA 01003(413)545-0577

June 30, 1990 Mr.Lo Liguo Dept.of History Central Institute for Nationalities Beijing, 100081 P.R.C.Dear Mr.Lo;Thank you for your inquiry about obtaining a one-year grant to do some research work in our department.At the present time there are no grants available, and there is nothing immediately in prospect.Thank you for your interest in our department.I wish you well in find-

399 ing a one-year grant for doing research this coming year.Sincerely yours,(Signature)Joseph Lasky Professor and Chair

Dear Mr.Stratton: I would like to apply for the summer position of proofreader which you advertised in the June 16 issue of Beijing Youth.Currently I am a junior at Beijing Foreign Studies University, where I am working toward a BA degree in English.Last summer I held a similar position with Beijing Review, working as their summer replacement in the editorial department.I enjoyed the seemingly tedious work which I knew would further my professional goal of becoming an editor.The experience also helped me improve my typing skills, which I understand, is required for the job I am applying for.Mr.Liu Kailu, head of the editorial department thought well of my ability, enthusiasm, and devotion.He said that he would welcome a call from you if you wish to know more about me.His office telephone number is 831-0645.In Beijing Foreign Studies University I have been working hard and doing well in the major courses.I am fluent in both written and spoken English and my reading skills are also satisfactory.Besides, I am learning computer languages such as Basic and Fortune, so I believe I can work for your magazine without much additional training.My English teacher.Professor Shi Danian has kindly agreed to write a reference for me if it is required.400 I am available for an interview every afternoon except Wednesday.Please contact me at 842-2277, ext.309 or P.0.Box 235, Beijing Foreign Studies University, 100081.Thank you for your consideration.Sincerely yours, Su Hua Dear Professor Cooper: I have read the annual prospectus issued by your school and found that it has the best graduate program of cross-cultural studies, which you are currently presiding over.I am greatly interested in the program and hope that I may do my MA work under your instruction.I am 28 years old and am now working in the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, in charge of affairs in the Pacific areas.I love my work, as it brings me into contact with all kinds of people.At the same time, I feel the urgent need to improve myself and update my knowledge so that I can do my work better.I graduated from Beijing Foreign Studies University in 1989, majoring in English and majoring in cross-cultural communications.In college I took such courses as World History, American Society and Culture, Introduction to European Culture, and Cultural Exchanges between the East and the West, which were all conducted in English.So I believe I will have no difficulty in my MA studies.401

I have broad interests in various fields such as history, literature, music, and photography.I love sports, too;I joined the Literary Society in college and was also on the English Department's volleyball team.I have discussed my application with three of my former professors, who have urged me to apply and have kindly written letters of recommendation for me, which I enclose with this letter.I would be very grateful if you could send me the necessary application forms and any information about your scholarships or teaching assistantships.I look forward very much to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours, Zhao Jingsheng Enclosures

Introduction

532 Overbrook Road Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 48013 January 4, 1992 Prof.Liu Fangyi Dept.of Foreign Languages Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008 People's Republic of China

402 Dear Prof.Liu^ May I introduce Professor Robert Kim, Professor of Chinese language and literature at San Francisco State University and Director of the Institute for Sino-American Studies at San Francisco State University.The Institute for Sino-American Studies has responsibility for facilitating academic exchanges between appropriate institutions in China and San Francisco State University.The Board of the Institute has requested that its Director pursue discussions and preliminary negotiations with likely institutions in China.We would greatly appreciate your receiving Professor Kim as our representative in these matters and engaging in discussions with him.Truly yours,(Signature)John M.Gould, Chairman of the Board Institute for Sino-American Studies Congratulations

Mr.Hugh MacDougal(Address)June 18, 1991 Dear Mr.MacDougal，403 I was very happy to learn that you have been elected President of the Scotland China Association and I would like, on behalf of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and in my own name, to express to you my warmest congratulations.I hope that during your tenure of office the relations of friendship and cooperation that already exist between our two organizations will be further developed.Let us join our efforts to make greater contributions to the promotion of mutual understanding and friendship between the peoples of China and Scotland.With best wishes.Sincerely yours,(Signature)Chen Haitao President CPAFFC Reference To whom it may concern:

Tao Xiaoling was enrolled as student in my...course at the...University in 1990.Her performance in the class was outstanding.^ Ms.Tao participated in all of the class discussions with obvious interest, and she made valuable contributions.She has a keen mind, capable of clear logical analysis of complex subjects.She also has worthwhile original ideas, and she expresses them clearly and effectively.404 In addition, Ms.Tao has a pleasant personality.She gets along very well with other people because of her

warm and friendly attitude toward them.Ms.Tao has already proved that she can do outstanding work as an undergraduate in our university.I am sure that she would continue to do well in any university in Canada.I recommend her to you with no reservations.Sincerely yours.(Signature)(Typed name)(Official capacity)2.Personal Letters

Date Dear Liping, Jim and I want to thank you again for your part of the delicious dinner at the Wang house the other night.Everything was marvelous—obviously;I'm afraid that I'll go back to Boston even rounder than when I arrived!We want to thank you for all sorts of other things too—but I imagine we'll see you again—so I'll end

for now.As ever, Elizabeth

405

LETTERHEAD DATE Dear Liping:

It has been a few months since I last wrote you and sent you a box of books, and as I have not heard anything from you, I thought I would write again to make certain that you did, in fact, receive my letter and the books.I am concerned about the books arriving there and would appreciate your letting me know if you have received them and if they were the kind of books that you could use.Best regards, George

Date

Dear Liping, Liu Danhong called me about two weeks ago and said he had a message from you, so I asked him and his wife to have dinner and invited Hugh and Evelyn Levin, whom I thought it might be good for him to know.I was delighted to get the lovely cloth shoes and to hear that your father is recovering from the operation and that things seem hopeful.407 I appreciate your recommendation of Ms.Yan Fangzhi, and I will make certain that a copy of your letter is placed in her application review folder.I have recently accepted the post as Director of the Institute of Asian Culture at the Center.I find this position a very challenging one which entails a lot of administrative work.The Center will also be looking forward to greeting our new president.Dr.Michael Palana, a China specialist from Oxford.Dr.Palana is planning to start in January.We have an exciting year ahead of us.Carolyn joins me in sending all good wishes to you and your family.Sincerely, Philip Enclosure Dear Zhang, Thank you very much for the postcard you sent us on your arrival home.We were glad to know that you had arrived home safely and were settling down to your way of life again.We also received today a card from Yang Daoming and perhaps you would be kind enough to thank him for me 408-I should see him.Eddie was thrilled to receive a card from you as well [ know he will be writing to you.Matthew is getting to be a little chatterbox and is now at the climbing i.I think he still remembers you as when he wakes up in the mornings times calls out ”Zhang“.I'm sure he also misses the sweet-tin from second drawer of the chest in your room!

We do hope you are reaping the benefit now of your studies in England, that it is a help to you with your teaching.We often think of you when-there is news on the T.V.from China.Please remember us to all your friends and should you ever have time to ie we would be pleased to hear from you.Matthew sends you all a big kiss.Best wishes，James, Linda, and Matthew

Curriculum vitae

Curriculum vitae(c.v.)or resume is a short written account main events of one’s life.It is often required when one applies for a job.A curriculum vita usually includes the following items: name, s, telephone number, date of birth, education, and work ex-=e.Among other headings that may be added are marital status-citizenship/nationality，present position/current status, S/honors and scholarships, publications, current studies/re-t professional affiliations/memberships, languages, travel, is and interests;and references/referees.These should be inserted at suitable and logical places, but when letters of recommen-dation are not sent along with the c.V, references/referees should be the last item.When you compose your curriculum vitae, try to give the information that will show you in the best possible light.1.Name;unlike most Westerners, we Chinese put our family name at the beginning as surname, whereas they put it at the end as last name.To avoid misunderstanding, you may either put a comma after your surname—Wang, Ming—or capitalize every letter of it like this—WANG Ming.2.Address: If you like, you may write both your business or temporary address and your home address.For example: Temporary address: 17 University Ave.Providence, RI 02906(until Dec.31, 199-)

3.Telephone.”(0)or(W)is put after your office telephone number and(H), your home telephone number.4.Marital Status: Put Single or Married(, no/two children).5.Education: Schools should be listed either in chronological order(usually starting from the year when you entered college or when you got your first degree)or from the most recent backwards with the dates of attendance.Whichever way you choose, be sure that the items under such headings as work experience, awards and publications follow the same order.For example,(1)1978-1979

Nankai University Major: History 1979-' 1982

Zhongshan University Major: History 1988-1989

Harvard University Major: American Civilization(2)1985

M.A.in Computer Science, Qinghua University 1980

B.A.in Mathematics, Lanzhou University 6.Professional/Work Experience: Under this heading, in addition to the date, write also your position/title and the name of the institution.For example '?

1992-

Associate Professor of Economics, Wuhan University 19861989

Fulbright Award, United States State Department Exchange Program，Washington

USA.1990

Excellent Student, University 8.Publications: Books and articles follow the format of the biblioj raphy card in Part Eight The Research Paper, with the name ' the author omitted.411

Book:

Introduction to English Stylistics.Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1987.Article:

“Journals and Letters of Henry David Thoreau.' Trans.American Literature Quarterly, No.4, 1983.9.Professional Affiliations/Memberships: Examples under this heading are: 1971-

Member, Yunnan Provincial Writers' Association 1980June 1984 Nicholas Evans Scholarship in English Literature, 1987-88.-Illinois State Scholarship, Scholastic honors: 1984-88.416

Technical training

Attended a two-week seminar on

”Advertising in Today's Marketplace, “ sponsored by College of Business and Murray County Association of

Personal Data Age

Married, one child Health

Excellent

Willing to relocate Memberships

Journalism Club(President, 1986-87)Hobbies

Photograph, swimming

References Ms.Helen Grim

Dr.John Undsay

Mr.David Reed Grim'8 Variety Store

Prof.of English

Advertising ManageState Univ.682 Sumner St.Somerville, MA 02143 Nonnal, IL 61761

Akron, OH 44311 Phone(617)628-0977 Phone(309)436-9903.Curriculum Vitae Name

Lo, Liguo Address

Dept.of History

Central Institute for Nationalities 'Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China Telephone

842-0077 Ext.3931(0)Ext, 2024(H)Languages Date of Birth

May 8, 1953 Nationality

Chinese Education 1973-1977

People's University, Beijing Major: History 1983-1985

University of Hawaii at Manoa Major: History 1987-1991

Central Institute for Nationalities, Beijing Major: Ethnology Received Ph.D.in Ethnology, July 1991.English, fluent in spoken and written Japanese and French, able to read Professional Experience 1977-1987

Assistant, Lecturer of History, Central Institute for Nationalities 1992-Present Associate Professor of Sociology, Central Institute for Nationalities Courses offered: Introduction to Sociology, EthnoloAwards and Scholarships 1977

”Excellent Student“, People's University 1980

”Outstanding Teacher“, Central Institute for Nationalities 1987

Recipient of Wu Wenzao Scholarship, Central Institute for Nationalities 418 Publications

”China's Regional Autonomy Law.“ China Daily, 10 Dec.1989, P.4.”The Influence of Islamism on Chinese History." Chinese Muslims, No.4(1990), pp.14-16,21.A Brief History of the Jews in China.Beijing: New World Press, 1993.Exercises

I.Notices Write a notice 1.to announce a meeting/party/film show/football match/ talk;2.to give information about a bus tour to the Great Wall/some scenic spot/place of historic interest.II.Notes 1.Write a note to a foreign expert(1)making an appointment to discuss the outline of your paper with him/her;(2)asking him/her to a party to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival;

(3)apologizing for not being able to hand in your paper on time;(4)thanking him/her for lending you the reference book you 419 need.2.Write a note to a foreign friend(1)asking him/her to go to a Peking opera;(2)asking him/her to a birthday party;(3)apologizing for not being able to keep an appointment;(4)thanking him/her for a small gift.Note that the style and tone you use for notes in 1 and 2 should be somewhat different—the former is more formal, and the latter, ratDI.Letters 1.Write a business letter(1)asking a well-known professor to give a talk to students of your department;(2)asking for/giving information about a new product;(3)asking for information about a college and for the application forms;(4)applying for a scholarship/an assistantship;(5)applying for a job.Note that in(3),(4)and(5)you usually provide some information about yourself, such as age, educational background, professional expemodel Business Letters(4),(6),(8)and(9).2.Write a personal letter to a pen friend, telling him/her whatever you would like him/her to know about yourself.3.Write a personal letter to a friend.4.The following is a letter from a reader published in ChinaDaily.Write a letter in reply, explaining China' s single-child policy.The letterand meant to be published in China Daily.Editor: I'm a woman's liberationist.I read in a newspaper that women in China are not allowed to decide how may children they want to have.Thercalling itself a socialist state could trample on this first and most sacred of women' s rights—the right to motherhood—in such a flagrant way.have more than one child, and any woman who gets into a second pregnancy is forced by law to undergo induced abortion followed by surgical s

Boston, U.S.A.Ruth Hancock IV.Curriculum Vitae Prepare curriculum vitae for yourself.