第一篇：2013年醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯

2013年醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯

2013年醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯匯總

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類

（一）（一）醫療、醫院、醫生

1、醫生

① doctor medical worker

② physician 內科醫生

③ surgeon 外科醫生

④ doctor in charge 主治醫生

⑤ intern 實習醫生

⑥ resident doctor 住院醫生

2、醫院

① hospital

The specialized hospital 專科醫院

The general hospital 普通醫院

The community hospital 社區醫院

The public hospital 公立醫院

The private hospital 私立醫院

② clinc 門診

Conventional clinic treatment普通門診

③ ward 病房

④ medical team 醫療隊

醫療手段

① drug therapy 藥物治療

② medical treatment 醫療

③ medical instruments 醫療器械

④ diagnose（v）診斷（n）diagnosis

⑤ prevent（v）預防

⑥ sterilize（v）消毒 |

⑦ administrate a drug 給藥

⑧ prevent and treat disease（v）預防和治療疾病

⑨ TCM 中醫

⑩ chemotherapy 化療

（11）medical service 醫療服務

（12）complain of（v）主述

（13）health checkup 健康普查

（14）diagnosing and treating 診斷和治療

（15）consult the doctor（v）咨詢;

4、醫療體制

（1）healthcare system 醫療體制（2）medical disputes 醫療糾紛（3）medical accident 醫療事故

（4）the relationship between doctors and patients 醫患關系

（5）medical insurance system 醫療保險體系

（6）medical aid fund 醫療救助基金

5、醫德

（1）medical ethics 醫德

（2）patient-oriented 以病人為核心

（3）humanistic 人道主義的（4）compassionate 富于同情性的（5）considerate 體貼周到的（6）resolute 果斷的（7）service quality 服務質量

（8）to give top priority to the lives and health of people、病人

（1）patient

（2）the sick

（3）the invalid

（4）sufferer

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類

（二）必知疾病名稱

1、患病的表達方式

? suffer from（v）

（2）contract（v）

（3）people with some disease 患病人群

（4）the people susceptible to some disease 易感某種疾病的人

2、必知疾病名稱

heart disease 心臟病

hypertension 高血壓

kidney problem 腎病

stroke 休克

the blood pressure 血壓

diabetes 糖尿病

obesity 肥胖

terminal illness 絕癥

incurable illness 不治之癥

cancer 癌癥

tumor 腫瘤

cancer of early stage 癌癥晚期

emergency case 急癥

servious illness 重癥

the difficult and complicated cases 疑難病

short breath 短氣

syndrome 綜合癥

complications 并發癥

process 病程

bone loss 骨質疏松

short-sighted（adj）近視

3、其他相關詞匯

outbreak and spending

break out（v）疾病的爆發

spread（v）疾病的擴散

the incidence of common diseases 常見病發生率

taboo 禁忌

speed up blood circulation（v）

improve the cardiac functions（v）

side effects 副反應

complain of 主述

4、傳染病專題

（1）感染源

virus 病毒 bacteria 細菌 pest 害蟲 channel and media 傳染途徑及媒介

（2）傳染疾病

some disease epidemic 傳染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

influenza（簡）flu 流感

infection contagion 傳染病

infectious diseases 傳染病

AIDS 艾滋病

SARS（3）傳染

epidemic（a）流行的，傳染的 block the chanel（v）

disseminate 傳播

cross infection 交叉感染

5、疾病名稱

illness

sickness

disease

ailment

suffering、疾病的轉歸

（1）疾病的恢復

recover recovery

recuperate

resume

recruit

reinstate

（2）疾病的惡化

deteriorate

aggravate

exasperate

make worse

worsen

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類

（三）藥物、藥物名稱

medicine

drug

remedy

medicinal herbs

power

tablet

pill、相關詞匯

drug therapy 藥物治療

side effects 副反應

drug abuse 藥物濫用

drugstore 藥房

over the counter 非處方藥

drug allergy 藥物過敏

drug poisoning 藥物中毒

prescription 處方

expenses for medicine 藥費

charges for medicine

drug rebate 藥品回扣

3、藥物用法

開藥 ：

prescribe some medicine for some diseases

write out a proscription

服藥

take a medicine

治…的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類

（四）心理疾病、心理學專業詞匯

subhealth 亞健康

psychological benefits 心理健康

psychological problem 心理問題

psychological consultation 心理咨詢

psychological obstacles 心理障礙

mental obstacles 心理障礙

psychological massage 心理按摩

psychology 心理學/ 心理

psychotherapy 心理治療

psychological expert 心理專家

2、相關詞匯

questionnaire、情緒詞匯

overcome

disappoint

disappointed

shy，flush

frustration

failure

willpower

optimism

optimistical

be sensitive to

nervous

tensional

sad agony pessimism pessimistic

confident confidence

stress pressure

depress depressed

depression depressive、疲勞相關詞匯

fatigue tire（v）weariness（n）tired（a）

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類

（五）肥胖與營養、營養物質

nutrient 營養素

protein 蛋白質

fat 脂肪

glucose 葡萄糖

vitamin 維生素

sugar 糖類

heat calories quantity of heat 熱量

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

soft drink beverage 軟飲料

cholesterol膽固醇

2、營養與飲食

a well-balanced diet

nutrition 營養

nutritional 營養的

exhausted（a）fatigued（a）weary

第二篇：2016醫學考博英語寫作常用詞匯

一、2016醫學考博英語寫作常用詞匯：

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類（1）、醫生

① doctor，medical worker ② physician 內科醫生

③ surgeon 外科醫生

④ doctor in charge 主治醫生

⑤ intern 實習醫生

⑥ resident doctor 住院醫生、醫院

① hospital

The specialized hospital 專科醫院

The general hospital 普通醫院

The community hospital 社區醫院

The public hospital 公立醫院

The private hospital 私立醫院

② clinc 門診

Conventional clinic treatment普通門診

③ ward 病房

④ medical team 醫療隊

3、醫療手段

（1）drug therapy 藥物治療

（2）medical treatment 醫療

（3）medical instruments 醫療器械

（4）diagnose（v）診斷（n）diagnosis（5）prevent（v）預防

（6）sterilize（v）消毒 |（7）administrate a drug 給藥

（8）prevent and treat disease（v）預防和治療疾病

（9）TCM 中醫r>（10）chemotherapy 化療

（11）medical service 醫療服務

（12）complain of（v）主述

（13）health checkup 健康普查

（14）diagnosing and treating 診斷和治療

（15）consult the doctor（v）咨詢 ；、醫療體制

（1）healthcare system 醫療體制

（2）medical disputes 醫療糾紛

（3）medical accident 醫療事故

（4）the relationship between doctors and patients 醫患關系

（5）medical insurance system 醫療保險體系

（6）medical aid fund 醫療救助基金、醫德

（1）medical ethics 醫德

（2）patient-oriented 以病人為核心

（3）humanistic 人道主義的

（4）compassionate 富于同情性的（5）considerate 體貼周到的（6）resolute 果斷的

（7）service quality 服務質量

（8）to give top priority to the lives and health of people、病人

（1）patient（2）the sick（3）the invalid（4）sufferer

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類（2）

必知疾病名稱、患病的表達方式

⑴ suffer from(v)受…苦；患…病

(2)contract(v)感染

(3)people with some disease 患病人群

(4)the people susceptible to some disease 易感某種疾病的人

2、必知疾病名稱

heart disease 心臟病

hypertension 高血壓

kidney problem 腎病

stroke 休克

the blood pressure 血壓

diabetes 糖尿病

obesity 肥胖

terminal illness 絕癥

incurable illness 不治之癥

cancer 癌癥

tumor 腫瘤

cancer of early stage 癌癥晚期

emergency case 急癥

servious illness 重癥

the difficult and complicated cases 疑難病

short breath 短氣

syndrome 綜合癥

complications 并發癥

process 病程

bone loss 骨質疏松

short-sighted(adj)近視、其他相關詞匯

outbreak and spending

break out(v)疾病的爆發

spread(v)疾病的擴散

the incidence of common diseases 常見病發生率

taboo 禁忌

speed up blood circulation(v)

improve the cardiac functions(v)

side effects 副反應

complain of 主述、傳染病專題

(1)感染源

virus 病毒 bacteria 細菌 pest 害蟲channel and media 傳染途徑及媒介

(2)傳染疾病

some disease epidemic 傳染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

influenza(簡)flu 流感

infection contagion 傳染病

infectious diseases 傳染病

AIDS 艾滋病

SARS

(3)傳染

epidemic(a)流行的，傳染的 block the channel(v)

disseminate 傳播

cross infection 交叉感染、疾病名稱

Illness：病；疾病

Sickness：疾病，嘔吐；弊病

Disease；弊病；疾病

Ailment：小病；不安

Suffering：苦難；苦楚、疾病的轉歸

(1)疾病的恢復

recover recovery：痊愈；復原

recuperate：恢復健康

resume vt.恢復

recruit vi.恢復健康； vt.使…恢復健康

reinstate vt.使健康

(2)疾病的惡化

deteriorate vi.vt

aggravate vt.exasperate vt.make worse vt.worsen vi.vt

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類(3)

藥物、藥物名稱

medicine:藥

drug：藥，麻醉藥

remedy：補救，治療

medicinal herbs：藥草，草藥

powder：粉，粉末

tablet：藥片

pill：n.藥丸，口服避孕藥；

vt.把…制成丸劑；使服用藥丸； vi.做成藥丸；服藥丸

2、相關詞匯

drug therapy： 藥物治療

side effects： 副反應

drug abuse： 藥物濫用 drugstore： 藥房

over the counter： 非處方藥

drug allergy;藥物過敏

drug poisoning: 藥物中毒

prescription: 處方

expenses for medicine： 藥費

charges for medicine:藥品劃價

drug rebate ：藥品回扣、藥物用法

開藥 ：prescribe some medicine for some diseases

write out a proscription

服藥

take a medicine

治?的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類(4)

心理疾病、心理學專業詞匯

subhealth 亞健康

psychological benefits 心理健康

psychological problem 心理問題

psychological consultation 心理咨詢

psychological obstacles 心理障礙

mental obstacles 心理障礙

psychological massage 心理按摩

psychology 心理學/ 心理

psychotherapy 心理治療

psychological expert 心理專家

2、相關詞匯

questionnaire

3、情緒詞匯

overcome：vt.克服；勝過vi.克服；得勝

disappoint：vt.使失望

disappointed：adj.失望的，沮喪的；受挫折的

shy，adj.害羞的；畏縮的，膽怯的 flush：n.激動；面紅；旺盛；

vt.發紅，使發亮；使激動 vi.發紅，臉紅；被沖洗

adj.豐足的，洋溢的；揮霍的

frustration：挫折

failure：失敗

willpower：毅力；意志力

optimism：樂觀

optimistical：樂天的，樂觀的 be sensitive to：對…敏感

nervous：緊張的，神經的 tensional：張力的，緊張的

sad agony pessimism pessimistic：悲傷，憤怒，悲觀，悲觀主義的

confident confidence：自信

stress pressure 壓力；緊張；

vt.使緊張；加壓力于；depress vt.壓抑；使沮喪；使蕭條 depressed：v.使沮喪； depression：n.沮喪；憂愁

depressive：adj.抑郁的；壓抑的、疲勞相關詞匯

fatigue tire(v)weariness(n)tired(a)exhausted(a)fatigued(a)weary（a.v）

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類(5)

肥胖與營養、營養物質

nutrient 營養素

protein 蛋白質

fat 脂肪

glucose 葡萄糖

vitamin 維生素

sugar 糖類

heat calories quantity of heat 熱量

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

soft drink beverage 軟飲料

cholesterol膽固醇、營養與飲食

a well-balanced diet:：均衡飲食

nutrition 營養

nutritional 營養的二、精簡醫學考博寫作常用核心詞匯

1.下降、減少： reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；

上升、增加：

rise;go up;ascend；increase;2.禽流感

H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全

food safety;3.公共衛生突發事件： public health emergencies;應急反應：

immediate response to;4.關注民生：

concern(focus on, pay attention to)people’s livelihood/well-being;

5.城鄉衛生體系：

urban-rural medical and health system 6.預防保健：

Disease Prevention and Health care 服務體系：

service system；

7.講究衛生：

pay attention to hygiene； 個人和環境衛生：

personal and environmental hygiene 8.清淡的： lite；

蛋白添加飲食：

protein-complemented diet；

9.預防的措施： preventive initiatives=preventive measures

10.人畜共患：

zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人獸共患病

11.蟲媒：

insect pollination； 蟲媒傳染病：

insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease；

12.腎病綜合征：

nephrotic/renal syndrome；

13.流行性出血熱：

epidemic hemorrhagic fever；

14.爆發流行：

break out, explode;an epidemic outbreak of explosion

15.傳染：

infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable；

communicable 可傳達的, 會傳染的, 愛說話的[醫] 有傳染性的;

communicative

a.健談的, 愛說話的, 交際的16.傳播途徑: route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission

17.傳播,散布：

diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation

18.污染: pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate

19.福祉: well-being, happiness；

20.衰老: grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile

21.每況愈下: from bad to worse；相似的: akin to=similar to；膿的,化膿的: Purulent

22.脂肪肝: fatty liver;

血壓: hypertension 23.腸癌:

Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亞健康: sub-health

24.過勞死:

karoshi;death from overwork 25.長期以來:

for a long time;over the years 26.養生:

preserve one's health;nourishing of life;keep in good health

27.分類: be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds.28.基本職責

=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations；

基本原則

fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle;

29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于實踐方面，指按習慣或社會公認的道德標準，尤指男女之間關系的道德。morality指符合道德標準的行為，或用道德標準衡量某事，既指社會的又指個人的道德。ethics多用于倫理方面，指符合于倫理學中所指的好的行為，常指公平正真地對人對事的品德。

30.民眾:

the(general)public，the masses of the people，the common people；

合作者

co-worker;collaborator;copartner;coagent;

31.死亡人數:

death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from

The death toll is expected to rise.The death toll continues to rise.There have been more deaths from drowning.How much is the death toll? 死亡人數是多少？

32.歸結為:

boil down to；come down to；

歸因為/歸功于: be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute? to、owe?to;

歸咎于:

lay or put the blame on sb、blame?on、ascribe or attribute? to、impute? to。

33.大規模:

on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；

大規模流行:

large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak

34.表面上:

on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly;

因果關系: cause-and-effect relationship, causal 句！一般真題范例在10－15句左右。

relationship/relations;

2.現場寫作技巧：

孤立現象:

①劃線，劃出實質性，實詞性句子。②an isolated phenomenon；

翻譯標題，有標題就譯，沒有標題不能加。復雜的: ③末尾重復標題，首尾呼應。

complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；

極端復雜性: extreme/exceeding complexity/complicacy。

35.低保: basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；

養老保險: endowment insurance；

退休養老金:retirement pension；

Health Care Reform醫療改革

36.激烈運動: strenuous exercise；vigorous activity；

37.月經期: menstrual period 38.生活的節奏: the tempo/the pace of life;a life of quick /fast pace

39.嬰幼兒保健: the infant health care 40.安樂死: euthanasia；

41.得絕癥的: terminally ill；

42.臨終關懷

=Hospice Care=end-of-life care 瀕臨死亡的病人：

dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient

43.Secondhand Smoking，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”.三、醫學考博英語寫作總結

1.原則與要求：

考博英語不直譯原文，抓主要論點，果斷舍棄次要內容，突出新點，論點清晰,主要寫中長句子！2－5個長句！不寫或少寫短

第三篇：醫學英語考博作文詞匯歸納

★醫學英語考博作文詞匯歸納★

（一）醫療、醫院、醫生、醫生

① doctor medical worker

② physician 內科醫生

③ surgeon 外科醫生

④ doctor in charge 主治醫生

⑤ intern 實習醫生

⑥ resident doctor 住院醫生、醫院

① hospital The specialized hospital 專科醫院

The general hospital 普通醫院

The community hospital 社區醫院

The public hospital 公立醫院

The private hospital 私立醫院

② clinc 門診

Conventional clinic treatment普通門診

③ ward 病房

④ medical team 醫療隊醫療手段

① drug therapy 藥物治療

② medical treatment 醫療

③ medical instruments 醫療器械

④ diagnose(v)診斷(n)diagnosis

⑤ prevent(v)預防

⑥ sterilize(v)消毒 |

⑦ administrate a drug 給藥

⑧ prevent and treat disease(v)預防和治療疾病

⑨ TCM 中醫

⑩ chemotherapy 化療

(11)medical service 醫療服務

(12)complain of(v)主述

(13)health checkup 健康普查

(14)diagnosing and treating 診斷和治療

(15)consult the doctor(v)咨詢;4、醫療體制

（1）healthcare system 醫療體制

（2）medical disputes 醫療糾紛

（3）medical accident 醫療事故

（4）the relationship between doctors and patients 醫患關系

（5）medical insurance system 醫療保險體系

（6）medical aid fund 醫療救助基金、醫德

（1）medical ethics 醫德

（2）patient-oriented 以病人為核心

（3）humanistic 人道主義的（4）compassionate 富于同情性的（5）considerate 體貼周到的（6）resolute 果斷的

（7）service quality 服務質量

（8）to give top priority to the lives and health of people 6、病人

（1）patient（2）the sick（3）the invalid(4)sufferer

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類

（二）必知疾病名稱、患病的表達方式

? suffer from(v)(2)contract（v）

(3)people with some disease 患病人群

(4)the people susceptible to some disease 易感某種疾病的人、必知疾病名稱

heart disease 心臟病

hypertension 高血壓

kidney problem 腎病

stroke 休克

the blood pressure 血壓

diabetes 糖尿病

obesity 肥胖

terminal illness 絕癥

incurable illness 不治之癥

cancer 癌癥

tumor 腫瘤

cancer of early stage 癌癥晚期

emergency case 急癥

servious illness 重癥

the difficult and complicated cases 疑難病

short breath 短氣

syndrome 綜合癥

complications 并發癥

process 病程

bone loss 骨質疏松

short-sighted（adj）近視、其他相關詞匯

outbreak and spending break out(v)疾病的爆發

spread(v)疾病的擴散

the incidence of common diseases 常見病發生率

taboo 禁忌

speed up blood circulation(v)improve the cardiac functions(v)side effects 副反應

complain of 主述、傳染病專題

(1)感染源

virus 病毒 bacteria 細菌 pest 害蟲 channel and media 傳染途徑及媒介（2）傳染疾病

some disease epidemic 傳染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

influenza（簡）flu 流感

infection contagion 傳染病

infectious diseases 傳染病

AIDS 艾滋病

SARS(3)傳染

epidemic(a)流行的，傳染的block the chanel(v)disseminate 傳播

cross infection 交叉感染、疾病名稱

illness sickness disease ailment suffering 6、疾病的轉歸（1）疾病的恢復

recover recovery recuperate resume recruit reinstate(2)疾病的惡化

deteriorate aggravate exasperate make worse worsen

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類

（三）藥物、藥物名稱

medicine drug remedy medicinal herbs power tablet pill 2、相關詞匯

drug therapy 藥物治療

side effects 副反應

drug abuse 藥物濫用

drugstore 藥房

over the counter 非處方藥

drug allergy 藥物過敏

drug poisoning 藥物中毒 prescription 處方

expenses for medicine 藥費

charges for medicine drug rebate 藥品回扣、藥物用法

開藥 : prescribe some medicine for some diseases write out a proscription

服藥

take a medicine

治?的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類(四)

心理疾病

1、心理學專業詞匯

subhealth 亞健康

psychological benefits 心理健康

psychological problem 心理問題

psychological consultation 心理咨詢

psychological obstacles 心理障礙

mental obstacles 心理障礙

psychological massage 心理按摩

psychology 心理學/ 心理

psychotherapy 心理治療

psychological expert 心理專家、相關詞匯

questionnaire 3、情緒詞匯

overcome disappoint disappointed shy , flush frustration failure willpower optimism optimistical be sensitive to nervous tensional sad agony pessimism pessimistic confident confidence stress pressure depress depressed depression depressive 4、疲勞相關詞匯

fatigue tire(v)weariness(n)tired(a)exhausted(a)fatigued(a)weary

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類(五)

肥胖與營養

1、營養物質

nutrient 營養素

protein 蛋白質

fat 脂肪

glucose 葡萄糖

vitamin 維生素

sugar 糖類

heat calories quantity of heat 熱量

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

soft drink beverage 軟飲料 cholesterol膽固醇、營養與飲食

a well-balanced diet nutrition 營養

nutritional 營養的nutritious 有營養的nutritionist 營養學家

malnutrition 營養失調

metabolism 物質代謝

fat free food the prepared food 熟食

grain 谷物

food shortages 食品短缺

lack of food breakfast lunch supper 一日三餐

imbalance(n)unbalance(a)失衡、營養失衡相關疾病

stroke;obesity hypertension diabetes!4、治療措施

diet drug 減肥藥

lose weight 減肥

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類(六)

生活習慣、健康及運動、生活習慣

life-style 生活習慣

a disorder of body and mind a physical and mental disorder crazy tempo of life 快節奏的生活

high tempo of life be accustomed to sth the exercise habit 2、運動與休息

ample sleep 充足的睡眠

relax oneself take sports physical exercises sport activities do sports sports ground（簡）gym 體育場館

entertainment be more/less physically fit sustain the exercise habit constitution 體質

hormone 激素

subhealth亞健康

cooperative medical caresystem合作醫療體系

resist mutation防癌

immunomodulator免疫調節劑

enthusiasm熱情

醫學考博英語寫作必記詞匯分類(七)醫學研究領域相關詞匯

1.下降、減少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise;go up;ascend；increase;2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety;3.公共衛生突發事件public health emergencies;應急反應 immediate response to;4.關注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to)people’s livelihood/well-being;5.城鄉衛生體系

urban-rural medical and health system 6.預防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服務體系service system； 7.講究衛生pay attention to hygiene；個人和環境衛生personal and environmental hygiene 8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加飲食； 9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures預防的措施 10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人獸共患病，11.蟲媒insect pollination；蟲媒傳染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease：

12.腎病綜合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome； 13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血熱；

14.爆發流行：break out, explode;an epidemic outbreak of,explosion 15.傳染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable；

communicable可傳達的, 會傳染的, 愛說話的[醫] 有傳染性的;

communicative a.健談的, 愛說話的, 交際的

16.傳播途徑route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission 17.傳播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation 18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate 19.福祉 well-being, happiness；

20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile 21.from bad to worse每況愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent膿的,化膿的 22.脂肪肝fatty liver;血壓 hypertension 23.腸癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亞健康 sub-health 24.過勞死 karoshi;death from overwork 25.長期以來 for a long time;over the years 26.養生preserve one's health;nourishing of life;keep in good health 27.分類 be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds.28.基本職責=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations；

基本原則fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle;29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于實踐方面，指按習慣或社會公認的道德標準，尤指男女之間關系的道德。morality指符合道德標準的行為，或用道德標準衡量某事，既指社會的又指個人的道德。ethics多用于倫理方面，指符合于倫理學中所指的好的行為，常指公平正真地對人對事的品德。

30.民眾the(general)public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker;collaborator;copartner;coagent;31.死亡人數death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from

The death toll is expected to rise.The death toll continues to rise.There have been more deaths from drowning.How much is the death toll? 死亡人數是多少？ 32.歸結為 boil down to；come down to；

歸因為/歸功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute? to、owe?to;

歸咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame?on、ascribe or attribute? to、impute? to。

33.大規模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大規模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak 34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly;因果關系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations;

孤立現象an isolated phenomenon；

復雜的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；

極端復雜性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；

養老保險 endowment insurance；

退休養老金retirement pension； Health Care Reform醫療改革

36.激烈運動strenuous exercise；vigorous activity；

37.月經期menstrual period 38.生活的節奏the tempo/the pace of life;a life of quick /fast pace 39.嬰幼兒保健the infant health care 40.安樂死euthanasia；

41.得絕癥的terminally ill；

42.臨終關懷=Hospice Care=end-of-life care

瀕臨死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient 43.Secondhand Smoking，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”.

第四篇：考博英語寫作

考博英語寫作模板、絕招

開頭萬能公式

1． 開頭萬能公式一：名人名言

有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！

原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦！而且沒準將來我們就是名人呢！對吧？

經典句型：

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（適用于已記住的名言）

It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（適用于自編名言）

更多經典句型：

As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2． 開頭萬能公式二：數字統計

原理：要想更有說服力，就應該用實際的數字來說明。

原則上在議論文當中十不應該出現虛假數字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來這個數字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造：

Honesty：根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，大學生向老師請假的理由當中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike：根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。

Youth：根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，在某個大學，學生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：

A recent statistics shows that …

結尾萬能公式

1． 結尾萬能公式一：如此結論

說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經歷，領導長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領導說結束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了！

更多過渡短語：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 結尾萬能公式二：如此建議

如果說“如此結論”是結尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語氣用得很經典，因為考官本來經常考這個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢？

更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.（1）不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優點一______.And secondly ___優點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.（3）答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（4）諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）圖表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the

table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.（6）實用性寫作（申請信)

Your address

Month, Date, year

Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours，X X X 寫作的“七項基本原則”

一、長短句原則

工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人！寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：

As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可見，長短句結合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉？牢記！

強烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長一短，且先長后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結尾一般用一長一短就可以了。

二、主題句原則

國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感！相信各位讀過一些破爛文學，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內，結果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險型）或者結尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安無事！

特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的！

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一二三原則

領導講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點… 如此羅嗦。可畢竟還是條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過這些關鍵性的“標簽”來判定你的文章是否結構清楚，條理自然。破解方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。

1）first, second, third, last（不推薦，原因：俗）

2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗）

3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗）

4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強烈推薦）

6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強烈推薦）

7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強烈推薦）

8）most important of all, moreover, finally

9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點的情況）

10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點的情況）

建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時說話的時候也應該條理清楚！

四、短語優先原則

寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其

一、用短語會使文章增加亮點，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認識的短語，必然會看你低一等。相反，如果發現亮點—精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會得高分了。其

二、關鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字數，怎么辦？用短語是一個辦法！比如：

I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短語表達：I am looking forward to it.這樣字數明顯增加，表達也更準確。

五、多實少虛原則

原因很簡單，寫文章還是應該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候，不應該之說nice這樣空洞的詞，應該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如：

走出房間，general的詞是：walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房間應該說：slip out of the room

小姐走出房間應該說：sail out of the room

小孩走出房間應該說：dance out of the room

老人走出房間應該說：stagger out of the room

所以多用實詞，少用虛詞，文章將會大放異彩！

六、多變句式原則

1）加法（串聯）

都希望寫下很長的句子，像個老外似的，可就是怕寫錯，怎么辦，最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關系或者并列關系。比如說：

I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個超級句式：

Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短語可以用：

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2）轉折（拐彎抹角）

批評某人缺點的時候，我們總習慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優點，然后轉入正題，再說缺點，這種方式雖然陰險了點，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說話的時候，只要在要點之前先來點廢話，注意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短語：

despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3）因果（so, so, so）

昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩，然后我主動搭訕，然后我們去咖啡廳，然后我們認識了，然后我們成為了朋友…可見，講故事的時候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。其實這個詞表示的是先后或因果關系！

The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短語：

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）

有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現這樣的句子，就更會讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實就是主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句的變形。

舉例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復雜成分：

When to go, Why he goes away…

5）附加（多此一舉）

如果有了老婆，總會遇到這樣的情況，當你再講某個人的時候，她會插一句說，我昨天見過他；或者說，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面，那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其實很簡單，同位語--要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個句子的構成；定語從句—借用之前的關鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中，但是whom or that 關鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。

6）排比（排山倒海句）

文學作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句，一個個得對偶句，一個個的不定式，一個個地詞，一個個的短語，如此表達將會使文章有排山倒海之勢！

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（氣勢恢宏）

要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

七、挑戰極限原則

既然是挑戰極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀！

原理：在學生的文章中，很少發現諸如獨立主格的句子，其實也很簡單，只要花上5分鐘的時間看看就可以領會，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨立主格則不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！

文章主體段落三大殺手锏

一、舉實例

思維短路，舉實例！提出一個觀點，舉實例！提出一個方案，舉實例！而且者也是我們揭示一個觀點最好的方式，任何情況下，只要我們無法繼續文章，不管三七二十一，盡管舉例子！

In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance.For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they find him or her.更多句型：

To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

二、做比較

方法：寫完一個要點，比較與之相似的；又寫完一個要點，再比較與之相反的；

世界上沒有同樣的指紋，沒有相同的樹葉，文章亦同，只有通過比較，你才會發現二者的相同點（through comparison）和不同點（through contrast）。下面是一些短語：

相似的比較：

in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner

相反的比較：

on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

三、換言之

沒話說了，可以換一句話再說，讓你的文章在多一些字，或者文鄒鄒地說，是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點。

實際就是重復重復再重復！下面的句子實際上就三個字 I love you!

I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you.In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我們舉過的例子：

I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達：I cannot put up with it.因此可以這樣說：I cannot bear it.That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短語：

in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

第五篇：醫學考博英語歷年真題摘要寫作

醫學考博英語歷年真題摘要寫作范文

97年題

A Blind Zone in Childr-Nutrition

This article reveals a mistaken idea in child-raising which deserves correcting.Most parents take it for granted that children should eat more animal foods such as chicken, meat and fish than grain food because the former are far more expensive and the more expensive the food is the more nutritious it is.However, this is, in fact, a mistaken idea which has lead to malnutrition among many city kids.This is indicated in a survey recently made in Shanghai.What parents don’t know is that carbohydrate in grains, starch and sugar, the main and most inexpensive nutrient for energy supply, is of equal importance in metabolism.The energy it supplies is the main source of calories in human bodies,about 60% of the total amount of calories.If there is a lack of calories provided by carbohydrate, protein and fat will be used up to provide the heat and thus can’t play their original roles in the body.Consequently, it results in a retarded development in the children and even malnutrition.Apparently, the solution to the problem is to provide kids with a well-balanced food containing protein, carbohydrate and many other nutrients, none of which can be done without.Writing Drill 4(98 FATMD)

In the past several years, many Chinese college students have come to accept psychological consultation(PC)they used to reject.In 1994, many students didn’t care to think about the consultation while in 1996, over 90% of 2132 students in a survey answered the related questionnaires carefully.PC is now gradually accepted by college students in China.Surveys indicate that 70-80% college students have psychological problems and 20.3% have such obstacles.There have been reports on many severe cases resulting from misunderstanding and lack of PC.In view of this, many universities in Nanjing have set up psychological healthcare service for students.Many students have corrected their misunderstanding about PC and bravely asked the consultants for help, which has greatly helped them overcome their mental obstacles.Even some military cadets have begun to consult experts for advice.Experts point out that prompt consultation can prevent mental problems from developing into obstacles, mental illnesses and even suicide.University psychological consultation, young as it is, has made remarkable progress and grown into a unique course in universities.Though it contributed to students’ healthy growth, it still has a long way to go to be fully understood and appreciated by both students and faculties.Writing Drill 5 老年健康飲食為先

Aging usually brings about recession in many bodily functions such indigestion, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other metabolic dysfunctions.However, scientists find that these hypofunctions are actually caused by irrational diets or eating habits.This article discusses this problem and the solution to it.First, balanced diet with more vegetables than animal food is especially good for the old people.Second, less staple food and less salt in food should be suggested for the aged because overconsumption of these two can lead to cardiovascular diseases.Third, more bean food can replace proteins such as eggs and fat as sources of protein.Fourth, light food should be taken in instead of fat and oily foods which usually contribute to cardiovascular diseases.Fifth, doctors always advise people eat more fruit to regulate their digestion, metabolism and cardiovascular balance.In a word, a balanced diet, more vegetable food instead of fat food are of the first significance to the health of the aged and a long life.Writing Drill 6

Recently, more attention has been paid to a behavioral prescription for various and physical diseases.It includes laughter, sports, dancing and even crying.These methods have different functions.Laughter activates over 80 muscles.In laughing, smooth muscles in organs contract and help improve digestion.Crying can give vent to harmful chemicals in the body accumulated by stress.Sports and dancing can relieve chronic illness such as bronchitis, back pain, diabetes, etc.that medication alone can’t do.2013年醫學考博英語正確的復習方法：http://www.tmdps.cn/product/PR000082 2013年醫學考博英語協議全程班：http://www.tmdps.cn/product/PR000276

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