第一篇:英語實用文體寫作系列 5請假條
Unit 5 請假條(Note Asking for Leave)
一、寫作技巧
如何用英語寫假條,也就是提前請假的狀況下應該怎樣寫假條。
往往指由于生病或特殊情況不能親自當面請假,用假條的形式告假。所以,請假條大多是病假條。可以自寫,也可請他人代寫。寫假條最重要的是說明原因和請假的期限。寫請假條時,如有醫(yī)生出具的證明,最好一起附上。
首先是假條抬頭: To:假條是遞給誰的 From:請假人
Date:寫假條的日期(注意不是請假的日期)
Subject:寫上請假字樣
假條抬頭范例如下:
To: Peter Stone, Manager
From: Lynn Chen, Financial Department
Date: April 2nd, 2004
Subject: Casual Leave of Absence
其次,在您的請假信第一段,應該開門見山、有禮貌地提出請假。第一段要中心明確,寫清您要請假的日期及期限。
第一段范例如下:
Peter, I would like to know if I could ask for a casual leave of absence for one day on April 4th, this Wednesday.然后,在假條的第二段,您應該簡單明了陳述請假的原因事由。注意敘述清楚明白,并盡可能表示對此帶來工作不便的歉意。
第二段范例如下:
This morning I received a telephone call from my dentist, urging me to come to his practice for immediate treatment of my teeth.I have been experiencing a stinging pain, depriving me of my sleep during the past fortnight.The situation could worsen, should infection occur.Concerning my workload: As Wednesday is not as busy as the other weekdays, I think a one-day leave this Wednesday may be the best solution.I apologize for the inconvenience my absence from work may cause.接著,在假條的最后一段,應寫上您希望獲得準假的句子,或者具體等候答復的時間。
最后一段范例如下:
Thanks.I will call you at 1:30p.m.or you can call me at any time.好,把以上幾段綜合起來,就是一則請假條。寫得成功的請假條,能充分表明您是一個認真負責有條理的人。
二、經(jīng)典范文 例一:
Jan.10th
Dear Ms.Jiang, I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning’s two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever.Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days.I will go back to school as soon as I recover.Yours respectfully,Tian Ye 親愛的江女士:
我非常抱歉, 由于重感冒和高燒,我無法上今天上午的兩節(jié)英語課。附上一份醫(yī)生證明,醫(yī)生說我必須臥床休息幾天。我一恢復就回學校。
敬上
田野 1月10日
例二:
公共英語二級考試作文范文:請假條
[題目要求]王軍的外婆上星期從樓上摔下來,跌斷了右腿,現(xiàn)在臥床。王軍的母親李一花為此向劉老師請假,說明家中的情況,王軍的父親現(xiàn)在北京開會,需要王軍在家照顧外婆,大約3天。請根據(jù)上述提示用英文寫一張請假條,約80-100詞,不要根據(jù)中文翻譯寫作文。
Dear Mr.Liu,I’m Li Jun’s mother.I’m writing to ask for permission for Li Jun’s absence.The fact is that he has to stay at home to take care of my mother who had a serious fall from upstairs and got her right leg broken last week.I’m sure he will be back in three days when my husband returns from a meeting in Beijing.Thank you.Sincerely,Li Yihua 親愛的劉先生:
我是李軍的媽媽。我寫假條來請求您允許李軍請假。事實是, 他必須在家照顧我的媽媽,她上星期從在樓上摔下,右腿骨折。我保證三天之后當我的丈夫從北京開會回來,他就返校。
謝謝。
懇切地,李藝華 例三: 7:30 a.m.Dear Mr.David,I very much regret I was unable to attend school this morning owing to a severe attack of illness.I am enclosing here with a certificate from the doctor who is attending me, as he fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study.I trust my enforced absence will not give you any serious inconvenience.Sincerely yours,Peter
親愛的大衛(wèi)先生:
我非常遺憾,由于突得重病,我無法上今天上午的課。附上一份醫(yī)生證明,他擔心在恢復學習之前還需幾天時間。我相信我迫不得已的缺席不會給您造成任何不便。
敬上,彼得
上午7點30分
例四:
Dear Mr.Brown,I beg to inform you that I shall be unable to attend classes tomorrow owing to important business in my family.I shall be very much obliged if you will grant me my application.Xiao Mei 親愛的布朗先生:
我懇切地告知您, 由于家有要事,我無法上明天的課。如果您準許我請假,我將非常感激。
肖梅
例五:病假條(Note Asking for Sick Leave)
Nov.3rd Dear Miss Smith,I’m really sorry that I shall not be able to attend class today.I have caught a serious cold.Enclosed please find a certificate from the doctor who says I must stay in bed for two days.I’ll resume my studies as soon as I feel better.Sincerely yours,Jim 史密斯小姐:
您好!很抱歉我今天不能去上課了。我患了重感冒,附上一張醫(yī)生證明,他說我得臥床兩天。
一旦身體好轉我便到校上課。
吉姆
11月3日
例六:事假條(Note Asking for Compassionate Leave)
Oct.3rd Mr.Zhang,I beg to apply for one week’s leave of absence from the 5th to the 11th instant, both days inclusive, in order to return home to see my uncle, who is now dangerously ill.To support my application, I herewith submit a telegram to the effect received from my father.Yours respectfully,Li Tao 張先生:
因我叔父病危,我打算回家探望,要求請假一周,從本月五日起至十一日止。現(xiàn)附上父親為此發(fā)來的電報,以便您準假。
李濤
10月3日
Notes 1.owing to, 因為,由于
e.g.Owing to the rain the match was cancelled.因為下雨,比賽取消了。2.inconvenience n.不便,困難
e.g.I was put to/I suffered great inconvenience.我感到極不方便。
They have been at great inconvenience in order to help us.為了幫助我們,他們遭遇了極大的困難。
3.oblige vt.施惠,答應要求而作
e.g.Please oblige me by closing the door.請?zhí)嫖谊P上那個門。
I am much obliged to you.我非常感激你。4.herewith adv.(正式用語)同此,并此,附此
三、常用句型 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
1.Will you please excuse my absence on Saturday?
請星期六準假一天。
2.I beg to apply for three days’ leave of absence from 10th to 12th.我想從10日到12日請假三天。
3.Please give an extension of leave for as many days.請準予續(xù)假。
4.Enclosed please find a certificate from the doctor.附上醫(yī)生證明一張。
練習Exercises I.Fill in the blanks with proper words模版填空
請假條(事假)
To: _______ [person’s name], Supervisor
From: _______ [person’s name], Accounting Department Date: __________ [date] Subject: Casual Leave of Absence
John, I would like to know if I could ask for a casual leave of absence from __________ [date] to __________ [date].Yesterday I received a letter from my parents, who are both over 70, telling me that a big flood took place at my home village, causing serious damage to my house.As the only son of my parents, I should be back to assess the situation, and help them to get over these difficulties.Though I cannot stay at home for too long a time, I should at least make arrangements for repair work.I believe my relatives in the village and my neighbors will also come to help.Financially I have no difficulties.I will call you at 1:30p.m.or you can call me at any time.II.Translate the following into Chinese.英譯漢 Dear Mr.Pike,I very much regret I was unable to attend school this morning owing to a severe attack of illness.I am enclosing here with a certificate from the doctor who is attending me, as he fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study.I trust my enforced absence will not give you any serious inconvenience.Sincerely yours
Jack
Key to Exercises I.Fill in the blanks with proper words模版填空 Open-ended.II.Translate the following into Chinese.英譯漢
親愛的派克先生:
非常抱歉,我因今晨突然生病不能前來上課。現(xiàn)附上醫(yī)生證明,醫(yī)生擔心我也許要幾天后才能上課。希望我這次身不由己的缺勤不致給您帶來很大的麻煩。
忠實于您的杰克
第二篇:英語寫作文體
Description 描述文
A description is a verbal picture of a person, place or things.To make the work picture as vivid and real as possible you must observe and record specific details that appeal to your reader’s sense(sight, hearing , taste, smell, and touch.)Narration記敘文
Relating a single story or several related ones.Though narration, we make a statement clear by relating in detail.We present the details in which they happened Narration includes 5W and 1H.Exposition說明文
In exposition, the writer provides information about and explains a peculiar subject.Argumentation 議論文
Exposition is to illustrate the main means of expression to explain things, explains reasons and give people knowledge genre of literature
第三篇:中考英語文體寫作指要
中考英語文體寫作指要
就是同學們需要具備一些初步的文體基礎知識,特別是記敘文、說明文和應用文的一些基礎知識。
一、記敘文
有時間、地點、人物、事件、原因和結果6個要素。其中時間、地點、人物一般作為故事的開端放在文章的開頭;事件和原因常用為故事的發(fā)展,放在文章的中間,是文章的主體;結果常作為故事的結局放在文章的最后。溫馨提示:(1)時態(tài):故事、日記和報道之類的文章常是記敘過去發(fā)生的事,為常用一般過去時。敘述當前的自然、社會現(xiàn)象多用一般現(xiàn)在時。(2)人稱:常用第一人稱或第三人稱。
二、說明文
中考中的說明主要是介紹物品、人物、家庭、班級、學校、家鄉(xiāng)房間或建筑及地點場所等中。可按時間順序和空間位置進行說明。除介紹歷史人物用一般過去時外,通以一般現(xiàn)在時為主。
三、應用文
中考中的應用文主要有書信、通知、請假條、留言條等。同學們要著重注意與漢語格式的不同之處。如漢語信中的寫信日期寫在信末的右下方,而英語信的寫信日期位于信箋的右上方,漢語信的稱呼后冒號,而英語信的稱呼后一般用逗號;漢語信末常在結束語后寫上“某某敬上”、“某某頓首”等,而英文信末,在右下方寫上Yours(truly / sincerely / faithfully)后加逗號,再在其下面簽名;請假條和便條的格式與英文書信差不多,只是寫的日期一般不需寫年月,只寫日期或星期幾、上午 / 下午或幾點鐘;英文書面通知的發(fā)布單位可像漢語通知一樣寫在通知正文末的右下方,也可寫在NOTICE的上方或前方,通知日期可寫在通知正文的右上方也可寫在通知最后的左下方;口頭通知均以That’s all.Thank you結尾。
第四篇:英語作文文體及其寫作要領
英語作文文體及其寫作要領
文體
? 記敘文
? 描寫文
? 說明文
? 議論文
? 應用文
一、議論文
定義: 擺事實、講道理來闡明自己的觀點的文體
說明文:重客觀陳述;重“解釋”
議論文:重發(fā)表自己的看法;重“勸說”
議論文
立論:作者先提出自己的觀點,然后擺事實證實其正確性
駁論:首先給出一個明顯錯誤的觀點或批駁對象,然后針對其觀點的謬誤、論據(jù)的虛假或論證的邏輯錯誤進行批駁。
The world is getting smaller and smaller
1.現(xiàn)代化的交通工具越來越發(fā)達;
2.人與人之間的交往越來越頻繁;
3.結論
Do lucky numbers really bring luck?
? 有些人認為某些數(shù)字會帶來運氣;
? 也有些人認為數(shù)字與運氣無關;
? 試說明你的觀點;
立論性議論文
? 分析建議類
? 原因分析類
? 對比/比較分析類
? 各抒己見類
? 批駁分析類
分析建議類
Anti-drug Battles
? 目前我國吸毒人數(shù)驚人, 且呈上升趨勢;
? 毒品是萬惡之源;
? 如何開展全民反毒斗爭;
原因分析類
Harmfulness of Video-Games ? 中小學生玩電子游戲屢禁不止;
? 試分析電子游戲給學生和社會帶來的危害;
各抒己見類
What is a good teacher in the new century? ? 有人認為好老師最重要的是要有淵博的知識;? 也有人認為好老師最重要的是要有奉獻精神;? 我的看法;
批駁分析類
Can Success Be Measured in Terms of Money? ? 許多人認為金錢是衡量成功的標準;? 相反的意見;? 結論
二、記敘文
1.六大要素
Who, when, where, what, why, how 2.注意問題 1).選材得當 2).條理清楚
順序法;倒敘法;插敘;夾敘夾議 3).交待明白
? An Unforgettable Event in My Childhood ? A Memorable Trip ? A Car Accident
三、說明文
定義:說明事實、情況或道理的文章,即對事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結果或事物的性質、特征等進行解釋說明以闡明事理的一種文體。通過如實的解說來啟發(fā)讀者,向讀者提供知識或給予指導。說明書;內容提要
說明文的種類
舉例/列舉型 知識型 對比型
定義說明型
舉例/列舉型
通過舉例或列舉闡明事理的寫作方法。
設定實例-----說明實例的發(fā)展與結果----得出結論
通過實例解釋現(xiàn)象,介紹知識,說明事物的性質或特征的寫作方法。
Risk Worth Taking in Life
There is no denying that life is filled with uncountable undesirable risks.To illustrate, a driver throws himself into danger when driving too fast or after drinking a lot, and a heavy smoker is running the risk of
suffering from lung cancer.Still in our life, however, there are many risks worth taking, since they will bring you success, fame or pleasure.There are many worthy and rewarding risks.A case in point is that you try to pursue the girl you love;another case in point is that starting one’s own business, esp.for a laid-off worker.Besides, buying stocks is another risk worth taking.But one thing is certain, luck and misfortune will accompany you as twin brothers.To sum up, although undergoing risks can make you more
experienced and enable you to weather the crisis, it is advisable to take only the rewarding risks whose opportunities far outweigh their risks.知識型說明文
? 通過解釋說明來闡述事實、道理或介紹知識、信息等的寫作方法The English Names 1.說明名與姓的區(qū)別;
2.中間名及其適用范圍和場合;
3.說明Mr.與Mrs.與姓的連用方法;4.說明不用姓時的稱謂方法;
對比型說明文
通過對兩種事物進行對比或比較, 找出共同點或不同點說明方法 Teachers and Actors ? 教師和演員的共同點;? 不同點 ? 結論
定義型說明文
通過提示概念的內涵或用下定義的方法來明確概念的方法 Youth
? 青春的定義
? 從男女青年、中年人、老年人、孩子多個視角說明青春對不同年齡的人含義不
同
信件
英語書信的格式 Heading(信頭)
Inside name & address(收信人姓名地址)Salutation(稱呼)Body(正文)
Complimentary close(結尾謙語)
Signature(簽名)Enclosure(附件)postscript(再啟)
superscription(信封的寫法)
信頭 收信人姓名地址 稱呼
正文
附件及再啟
HeadingEnglish Section
Department of Foreign Languages Dalian University ofTechnology Dalian, China October 5, 2007
Inside nameMr.Charles Smith
Head of the Department
Department of Communication Technology University of Sydney Australia
SalutationMr.+ family name Mrs./Miss/Ms.President/Professor/Doctor Smith, Black Bush Dear Sir/Madam,Complimentary close Yours sincerely/ Sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Respectfully yours,Yours, /Love,/ Yours ever, Charles Read
(Dean of the Faculty)
結尾謙語簽名
EnclosureEncl.my Resume
P.SI have sent you a New Year present.信封
From Wang Nanstamp Department of Computer Science Northwest University Xi’an, 710069 China
Dr.George F.Jones322 Fall River RoadWashington D.C.10038U.S.A.
第五篇:英語實用文體寫作系列 祝賀
祝賀
(一)祝辭、賀辭從祝賀對象上看可以分為四類
1.祝賀壽誕
祝賀壽誕的主要對象是老年人。在祝賀中,即贊頌他已取得的輝煌成績,又祝愿他幸福 健康長壽。祝賀壽誕的對象也可以是新得子女的一對夫妻,賀其喜得子嗣,祝其夫妻生活更 加甜美。祝賀壽誕的對象也可以是自己,稱自壽。自壽往往抒發(fā)個人的感慨、抱負,或自勉。如 :
2.祝賀事業(yè)
事業(yè)成功的祝賀涉及范圍極廣。如會議開始時祝其圓滿成功,會議結束時賀會議圓滿結束; 展覽會剪裁時祝其取得較好的社會效益,展覽會結束時賀其已取得了預期目的;某人考入大學時,賀其金榜題名,祝其鵬程萬里、百尺竿頭再進一步;其它如公司開業(yè)、銀行開張、報刊創(chuàng)刊、社團紀念等均可賀其已取得的成就,祝其今后事業(yè)的順利發(fā)達。3.祝賀婚嫁
既賀新婚,又祝新人婚姻今后和諧美滿。4.祝賀酒宴。
(二)(二)祝辭、賀辭從表達形式上看可分為兩類 1.現(xiàn)場即席致辭祝賀
一般說來,在較為隨意輕松的場合可以即興表示祝賀;但在公共事務場合下,為莊重嚴肅起見,應按事先擬好的祝賀辭發(fā)言。2.信函電傳祝賀
有時祝賀人無法到場祝賀,在這樣的情況下,可以用書信的方式祝賀,也可以拍發(fā)電報、傳真或用電子郵件來表示祝賀之意。
My dear friend, it’s time for you to cast a wise vote.Please don’t hesitate to vote for me,(期待投票是老套)because you have known me quite well and I will exert myself to live up to your expectation.(表態(tài)感謝也重要)Thank you.從該演講詞中看出,作者開頭先做了個簡單的自我介紹(姓名和所讀院系),然后直奔主題---參加學生會主席一職的競選,并表示客套(be honored to)。接著,第二段緊扣提綱,介紹自己可以勝任學生會主席的工作的原因,即作者自身的素質表現(xiàn),如能力、性格、愛好等完全適合該職。介紹自我表現(xiàn)要有條理性,所以一二三不能少,因為聽眾是根據(jù)演講者的自我陳述來判定該投票選誰,這也關系到演講者能否競選成功。同時,要注意把客觀陳述和主觀評論結合起來,因為這樣能更好地引導聽眾的想法和判斷,也能更好地表現(xiàn)演講者的自信并增加互動。此外,演講中一般都要談假如競選成功的打算,而這也是在場即將投票的聽眾們最關心的實質性問題。所以,一定要有較切實的行動打算。當然,演講者前面所做的一切努力都是為了爭取作為聽眾的同學們手中的選票,所以別忘了寫期待對方能投自己一票。作后,演講者應表態(tài),表示自己將屢行承諾,不負眾望。演講詞一般以道謝告終。
以上談的是演講詞,尤其是競選演講詞寫作的七大原則。值得注意的是,競選演講詞的寫法又有別于其他文體的寫作,下面談談四個注意事項。
其一,演講詞較偏重口語體,但又與完全通俗的口語體不盡相同。更確切地說,演講詞應亦狀亦諧,雅俗共賞。因為太通俗,演講詞就缺少文采,缺乏感召力,不足以表現(xiàn)演講者的才華;太文謅謅,演講就非常呆板,沒生氣,很教條,缺乏親和力。因此,選詞時要注意詞語的正式程度。一些口語化過重的詞,如well, yeah, gonna, wanna, gotta, alas, O.K ,all right, Good, 都不大適宜使用。
其二,注意演講詞句法結構不宜太復雜。演講的關鍵是要讓聽眾聽清并明白演講的內容。如果句子結構太長太復雜,就會增加聽眾聽力理解的困難,就會影響演講者信息的傳達與聽眾信息的接收。如果演講者表達的信息都不能很好地被接收,那么演講者要想打動和影響聽眾就會難上加難。所以,在演講詞寫作中,句式不宜過長,不宜太復雜。
其三,演講要有親和力,不要讓人有演講者在背書之感。要做到這一點,除了演講者本人要訓練有素,要有高超的演講技巧外,演講詞寫作中還應注意人稱和語態(tài)的使用。一般而言,演講詞應較多運用第一和第二人稱,少用或不用第三人稱,以增加演講的對話性和親和力。同時,演講詞應多用主動語態(tài),少用或不用被動語態(tài)及It is +adj./done +that 從句的無人稱句,因為被動句和無人稱句過分強調客觀性,往往讓人感覺太正式,太沒人情味。
其四,演講詞尤其是競選演說詞應具有極大的感召力和鼓動性。因此,競選演說詞寫作時應注意語氣禮貌客套,但不卑不亢,自信練達,但不狂妄孤傲。所以在演講中宜多用褒義詞,少用中性詞和貶義詞。此外,要注意在文中應不止一次提及對方(如上面例文中My dear friend),這樣便可加強演講色彩,也有助于演講者提請聽眾提高注意力。演講中為達到感召力和鼓動性,還往往運用一些特定句式,如祈使句、感嘆句、反意疑問句、設問句、排比句、強調句等。
1.Dear Mr/Ms,On the occasion of the 35th anniversary of your National Day, please accept our heartiest congratulations.May the trade connections between our countries continue to develop with each passing day!Yours faithfully 尊敬的先生/小姐,值此國慶三十五周年之際,請接受我們最真誠的祝賀。愿我們
兩國之間的貿易聯(lián)系持續(xù)發(fā)展。
你誠摯的
2.Dear Mr Minister
Allow me to convey my congratulations on your promotion to Minister of Trade.I am delighted that many years service you have given to your country should have been recognized and appreciated.We wish you success in your new post and look forward to closer cooperation with you in the development of trade between our two countries.Sincerely
尊敬的部長先生,請允許我向您升任貿易部長表示祝賀。多年來你對國家的貢獻
被認可,欣賞,我非常高興。我們祝愿您在新的職位取得成功,期待我們兩國在貿易發(fā)展上進一步合作。
誠摯的回信
Dear Mr/Ms,Thank you for your letter conveying congratulations on my appointment.I wish also to thank you for the assistance you have given me in my work and look forward to better cooperation in the future.Sincerely
尊敬的先生/小姐,感謝你來信對我的任命表達的祝賀。
我也感謝您對我的工作給予的支持,并期望未來能有更好的合作。
誠摯的
在西方,得知朋友訂婚、結婚、生孩子、升職都要寫信祝賀。祝賀信如同一般的簡短書信,可長可短,格式上無特別的要求,但書寫時應做到:真誠、自然、親切動人。內容上可盡情發(fā)揮。
1、賀生日 Congratulations on a birthday Dear Babs:
So you're a year older today —— or don't you want to be reminded? Anyway, congratulations and best wishes.If you feel like holding a celebration, will you let me take you to dinner and the movies, as a sort of birthday treat? You name the day.And in the mealtime, many happy returns!
Cordially, Tom 親愛的巴博斯:
今天您又大了[一歲]了,您不喜歡別人這樣對你講嗎?但不管怎樣,我得向您祝賀,表示美好的祝愿。
如果您對慶賀有雅興的話,我想請您吃飯,或看電影,作為祝賀您生日的款待。請定個日期,同時,祝您幸福愉快!
2.、祝賀朋友大學畢業(yè) Congratulations on graduation Dear Mr.Li:
I learned from Wang Ying that you were graduated with high honors from Huabei University yesterday.I can well imagine how proud of you your parents are now, who have been anxiously hoping to witness your brilliant success.As I understand, you will continue studies in the United States soon.I wish you greater success in your studies and research work.With best wishes.Yours sincerely, Tom 親愛的李先生:
從王英處得悉你以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè)于華北清華大學,我可以想像,你的父母現(xiàn)在是怎樣地引以為榮。他們一直殷切地希望你獲得輝煌的成就。我聽說你不久要到美國去繼續(xù)深造。預祝你在學習和研究工作上取得更大的成就。
3.、祝賀朋友在運動會上獲勝 Congratulations on winning a game
Dear Jerry:
Mother sent me the clippings about your success at the swimming meet.Naturally, I am not surprised at all, but I thought I'd just say “Congratulations” where are going to find room for another silver cup? Some of our girls may be going up to the Tri-State meet.If the tape unrolls straight, and there I shall expect to see you win again.When we're all home for Thanksgiving vacation, we'll have to hold a real celebration.Your one-time swimming rival.親愛的瑪麗:
媽媽把你在游泳運動會上獲勝的剪報寄給了我。當然,我一點也不感到吃驚;但是,我覺得還是應當向你祝賀。你哪里去找到爭取另一個銀杯的機會呀?
如果能獲得順利批準,我們當中的一些姑娘可能要去參加三州運動會。在那里,我希望能看到你再次獲勝。
你從前的游泳對手
4.、祝賀新年
Extending New Year greetings Dear Mr.Barton:
As the New Year is quickly approaching, I take this opportunity to send my greetings and best wishes to you for 2005.I hope that the coming year will bring a further increase in exchange of culture between our two countries and we look forward to continued friendly relations with you.Yours faithfully, Tom 親愛的巴頓先生:
值此2005年即將到來之際,我謹向你致以最良好的祝愿和問候。
我希望,在新的一年里我們兩國之間的文化交流有進一步的增加,并希望我們與你們之間的友好關系繼續(xù)下去。