第一篇：高職高專英語(yǔ)A級(jí)考試輔導(dǎo)材料-寫作部分輔導(dǎo)資料

第五章 寫作應(yīng)試技巧

寫作部分的比分占總分的15%,測(cè)試時(shí)間為15分鐘.對(duì)大多數(shù)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),寫作是一難點(diǎn)。因此，考生該部分的得分一般都不高。

為了使考生熟悉考試寫作體裁，掌握寫作方法，提高寫作能力，根據(jù)《基本要求》和《考試大綱》，下面就高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力考試可能涉及到的體裁及寫作方法一一進(jìn)行分析和講解。

便條（Notes）

一、題型分析

便條在我們的日常生活當(dāng)中隨處可見(jiàn)，往往內(nèi)容涉及信息性較強(qiáng)，所以要求考生用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言完整地傳遞信息。若是有關(guān)道歉內(nèi)容，考生應(yīng)言之成理，動(dòng)之以情。

二、應(yīng)試技巧 1．正確運(yùn)用格式

便條的寫作格式同普通信箋的格式大體一致，包括寫作時(shí)間、稱呼、正文，結(jié)束語(yǔ)和具名共五部分。但在傳遞感謝內(nèi)容的信息與單純的通俗信息時(shí)，寫作時(shí)間可以不具。2．正文寫作應(yīng)注意的技巧

寫作正文時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下四點(diǎn)：(1)使用非正式的、通俗的語(yǔ)言。(2)不要將寫作人與稱呼混淆。(3)單詞或詞組使用的準(zhǔn)確性。

(4)用委婉的語(yǔ)氣、商量的口吻向別人建議、道歉、邀請(qǐng)、詢問(wèn)、感謝，以期對(duì)方接受。3．正確運(yùn)用如下常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)句

(1)通俗信息便條。如：

There／Here is? I have／got?(2)約會(huì)信息便條。如：

Could／Would／will yOU?

I’d like to?(3)感謝便條。如：

Thank you(very much)for?

Many thanks for? I am writing to thank you for?

I am writing to express my appreciation of all that?

I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for?(4)道歉便條。如：

I’m so/terribly／extremely sorry that?

I would like tO express my apologies for?(5)邀請(qǐng)便條。如：

Would you like to?

Would it be possible for you to? We should be very glad if you could?(6)請(qǐng)求、詢問(wèn)便條。如：

Would you please?

I would like to?

I would be grateful if you could?

We would appreciate doing?

三、范文分析 Dear liu，I have something important to tell you，please call me at 8 tonight．

Wang [分析] 這是一張通俗的信息便條，Wang有重要的事要告訴Liu，希望Liu與自己聯(lián)系。該便條很明顯沒(méi)有寫作時(shí)間和結(jié)束語(yǔ)。前面我們提到過(guò)單純的通俗信息與感謝信息的傳遞不須注明寫作時(shí)間，若非注不可，也就是即日，即收箋的那一日。

首句I have?句式表明“我”有一些，很自然地、明確地引出信息內(nèi)容。使用了有說(shuō)服力的詞如important，tell等，突出地表現(xiàn)了信息的重要性。

其他幾類便條就不再一一分析了，它們與同類信箋的寫作技巧大體相似，就不在此贅述了。惟一提醒考生注意的是，在寫道歉便條時(shí)，要實(shí)事求是，條理清晰地道明原委，切不可胡編亂造。

四、練習(xí)

請(qǐng)以Judy的名義給Jane寫一張便條，請(qǐng)Jane盡快將其工作計(jì)劃告訴Judy。[參考答案]

lst, June DearJane，Please inform me as soon as possible your working plan．Thanks．

Judy

通知(Notice)

一、題型分析

英文通知的格式與中文通知格式大體相同，這——點(diǎn)考生容易把握。其內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單、具體，2 要求寫明具體事項(xiàng)，以便告知相關(guān)人員。

二、應(yīng)試技巧

1．注意中、英通知的細(xì)微差別

和中文通知一樣，英文通知由標(biāo)題、正文、落款(或時(shí)間)三部分組成。標(biāo)題寫在正文上方正中部位，常以Notice作標(biāo)題。它可大寫首字母(Notice)成整個(gè)單詞(NOTICE)。落款即發(fā)出通知的單位和時(shí)間寫在正文右下角，有時(shí)發(fā)出通知的單位可以省略，時(shí)間也可寫在單位名稱下一行的左下角。2．書寫正文時(shí)要注意的幾點(diǎn)

(1)內(nèi)容要簡(jiǎn)潔、清楚。例如，會(huì)議通知要寫清時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、出席人員，必要時(shí)還可以寫明會(huì)議內(nèi)容。

(2)多采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，人稱用第三人稱。如：

①All the students of the Computer Department are required to meet? ②A lecture on linguistics will be given by Professor Xiao?

(3)為了能引起廣泛的注意，正文起首常標(biāo)以“ATTENTION“字樣或以“Attention，please”開(kāi)頭。如：

ATTENTION，A visit to?

(4)放假通知應(yīng)寫明放假天數(shù)及收假日期。如：

①Tomorrow being National Day，there will be no work for seven days． ②Work will be resumed on Oct.8．

三、范文分析 Sample 1

NOTICE All the members of the Students’Union are requested tO meet in the department conferenceroom on Monday，July 5，at 7:30 p.m．to discuss the plan of the sports meet．

Students’Union July 1，2000 [分析] 范文是布告體裁的通知。其格式規(guī)范，表述清楚。這是一個(gè)會(huì)議通告，開(kāi)會(huì)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人員、會(huì)議內(nèi)容都一目了然。和中文的通知一樣，發(fā)出通知的部門即范文中的Students’Union和日期可寫在右下角，但有時(shí)日期也可寫在發(fā)通知的部門的下一行的右下角。但考生常習(xí)慣性地將日期寫到右上角，這—點(diǎn)應(yīng)注意。Sample 2 3

March 10，2000 Dear Lily，This is to inform you that due to bad weather tomorrow’s sports meet will be postponed until March 15．

School Athletic Committee [分析] 范文是通知的另一種形式即書信體。它的格式與便條很相似，包括寫在右上角的日期、稱呼、正文及落款即發(fā)通知的部門。同樣，它的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該清楚、簡(jiǎn)潔，讓人一目了然。

四、練習(xí)

①請(qǐng)擬一張國(guó)慶節(jié)放7天假的通知。

②請(qǐng)以英語(yǔ)系辦公室的名義擬一個(gè)組織教師去韶山參觀的通知。[參考答案①]

Notice

Sep.30，2000 Tomorrow being National Day，there will be no work for 7 days．All the managers and workers are required to take part in the celebrations to be held in the conference room in our company on Tuesday，Oct 1，at 8:00 a．m．Work will be resumedOn Oct．8．

Office of General Manager [參考答案②]

Notie

June 2,2000 Attention please,A visit to Shaoshan has been arranged for Saturday,June 7.The teachers who wish to go,please gather at the college gate.The bus is to leave at 6:00 a.m sharp.The English Department Office

請(qǐng)假條

(Asking for Sick Leave or Business Leave)

一、題型分析

在應(yīng)用文能力考試中，請(qǐng)假條因其篇幅短小，格式、內(nèi)容較為容易掌握，故相對(duì)于推薦信、申請(qǐng)信等篇幅較長(zhǎng)的應(yīng)用文而言，其得分率要高，且該類型的應(yīng)用文要求文體正式、語(yǔ)言得體，尤其是用禮貌的語(yǔ)言向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講述清請(qǐng)假的理由。

二、應(yīng)試技巧

1．了解請(qǐng)假條的基本情況(內(nèi)容)

請(qǐng)假條是便條的一種，主要用于因病或因重要事情須向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)請(qǐng)示批準(zhǔn)某一特定時(shí)間 的假。根據(jù)其請(qǐng)假理由的不同，可把請(qǐng)假條分為病假條和事假條兩種。但不管是哪一種，都應(yīng)包括以下四部分內(nèi)容：

(1)日期

日期通常應(yīng)在正文右上角，因清假條涉及到的是最近時(shí)間內(nèi)的事情，故可直接用幾 月，幾日或星期幾來(lái)表示，如April 10或10 April或Thursday。

(2)稱呼

稱呼常用常規(guī)信中的稱呼語(yǔ)，如Dear?，Mr?，Professor?，Dr?等。

(3)正文

正文是請(qǐng)假條的核心部分，主要涉及到請(qǐng)假原因、請(qǐng)假時(shí)間，結(jié)尾時(shí)需用—‘些表示感謝或請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)的話語(yǔ)。切記理由要充分，在必要時(shí)應(yīng)附上相應(yīng)的證明。

(4)結(jié)束語(yǔ)的署名

結(jié)束語(yǔ)常用yours faithfully 或 yours sincerely 或 yours truly等。2．常用句型

(1)起首用語(yǔ)

請(qǐng)假條中起首句常用來(lái)說(shuō)明請(qǐng)假原因或請(qǐng)假時(shí)間，常用句型如下：

I’d like to apply for three days leave of absence，starting from?，and finishing on? I am writing to ask for sick leave of?days，starting from?to? I’m sorry l can’t attend the meeting because／as? Owing to?／As?，I shall be unable to?(2)結(jié)尾常用語(yǔ)

請(qǐng)假條中結(jié)尾用語(yǔ)常用來(lái)表示感謝、請(qǐng)予批準(zhǔn)等。常用句型如下： I should be very obliged／grateful if you grant me the leave． I hope you will grant me the leave． Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance．

I’ll certainly do my best to make up?once／as soon as?

Now l enclose a Doctor’s Certificate／a medical certificate from／issued by the doctor． Now l enclose the telegraph from my father．

三、范文分析

[范文] 事假條

April 25 Secretary Frick，As my brother is moving to Canada tomorrow，I shall be very much obliged if you will grant me my application for one day’s leave tomorrow．

Yours respectfully

Robin Ford [分析] 這是Robin Ford給秘書Frick的一張請(qǐng)假條。其中包括日期(April 25)、稱呼語(yǔ)(Secretary Frick)、結(jié)束語(yǔ)(Yours respectfully)、署名(Robin Ford)以及核心部分——正文。就正文而言，一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句就給出了請(qǐng)假條正文所應(yīng)包含的所有的信息，如請(qǐng)假理由：“My brother is moving to Canada tomorrow“，請(qǐng)假時(shí)間區(qū)間為”tomorrow“，表示感謝的話語(yǔ)：“I shall be very much obliged”，請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)的話語(yǔ)：“you grant me application for one day’s leave”。從這些方面來(lái)看，該請(qǐng)假條體現(xiàn)出了請(qǐng)假條簡(jiǎn)單明了這一特點(diǎn)。正文開(kāi)頭以“As?”引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句引出請(qǐng)假理由，這樣的開(kāi)頭使人一目了然。[范文] 病假條

(English 2nd Year，Class B)

April 21(To Department office)Ms Smith，Owing to a severe headache,I shall be unable to attend classes today.I enclose a medical certificate from the doctor.Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.Yours respectfully

Li Ming [分析] 該請(qǐng)假條從基本格式到內(nèi)容都符合請(qǐng)假條的要求，包括請(qǐng)假條中的信頭(系、年級(jí)、班級(jí)和寫假條的日期)，收假條部門以及收假條人名，其中的系、年級(jí)、班級(jí)和收假條部門也可省略，直接用最簡(jiǎn)單的請(qǐng)假條格式，從內(nèi)容中可推斷出寫請(qǐng)假條人與收請(qǐng)假條人是師生關(guān)系。正因如此，請(qǐng)假人寫上了“I enclose a medical certificate from the doctor”以示請(qǐng)假理由并非借口，以介詞短語(yǔ)“Owingto?”引出請(qǐng)假理由，以句子“I shall be unable to attendclasses today”引出了請(qǐng)假時(shí)間區(qū)間即today，開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，直截了當(dāng)。

四、練習(xí)

①以Mary的名義向Professor John寫一張因病無(wú)法上課的請(qǐng)假條(注明缺漏的課日后 補(bǔ)上)。

要求：不少于30詞

②寫一封因家父病重須回家探望，故請(qǐng)求給予三天假的請(qǐng)假條(注明起止時(shí)間)。要求：60詞左右。[參考答案①]

Nov．12 Dear professor John，I’m sorry l can’t come to your lecture today as I am running a fever．I should be very much obliged if you shall grant me the leave．I’ll do my best to make up the lessons as soon as 1’m recovered．

Yours respectfully，Mary [參考條案②]

Dec．12 Dear Manager，I’d like to apply for three days leave，starting from the 13th-to the 15th，in order to return to my hometown to see my father，who is seriously ill these days．

I should be very much obliged if you grant me the leave．As to the duties to be missed during my absence，I shall do my best to make them up as Soon I get back．

Here I enclose a telegraph from my mother．

Yours faithfully，Wang Fang

邀請(qǐng)信（A letter of Invitation）

一、題型分析

該題型要求考生掌握正式和非正式的書信體邀請(qǐng)信的格式。它的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該完整、明確，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)樸，態(tài)度熱情。其復(fù)函即接受邀請(qǐng)或謝絕邀請(qǐng)也具有上述特點(diǎn)。

二、應(yīng)試技巧

1．注意不同場(chǎng)合的邀請(qǐng)信使用格式的不同

邀請(qǐng)信的正式程度由邀請(qǐng)者與被邀請(qǐng)者間的關(guān)系來(lái)決定。正式的邀請(qǐng)信的格式與普通書 7 信的格式相同，由寫信人的地址、日期、收信人姓名及地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)及署名七個(gè)部分組成。而用于熟悉朋友間的非正式邀請(qǐng)信則可省略寫信人地址、收信人姓名及地址，稱呼也可隨便些。邀請(qǐng)信復(fù)函的格式和正式程度與邀請(qǐng)信相同。2．正文要求寫清的幾個(gè)方面

(1)邀請(qǐng)信的正文

(a)直截了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢鲅?qǐng)并指出時(shí)間(年、月、日、鐘點(diǎn))、地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)合。

(b)請(qǐng)對(duì)方確認(rèn)或表示期待對(duì)方接受邀請(qǐng)。

(2)表示接受邀請(qǐng)的復(fù)函的正文

(a)感謝對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)(有時(shí)可省略)。

(b)表示接受邀請(qǐng)并確認(rèn)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)合。

(c)表達(dá)愉快的期盼之情。

(3)表示謝絕邀請(qǐng)的復(fù)函的正文

(a)感謝對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)。

(b)明確謝絕并給出合理的原因。3．靈活運(yùn)用邀請(qǐng)信及復(fù)函中常用的語(yǔ)句

(1)I should be delighted／pleased if you could come to?

Would／Could you come to?

(2)I shall be happy to accept?

It was thoughtful of you tO?

Thank you for your invitation to?

We look forward to seeing you again.(3)Please accept my sincere regret at?

Unfortunately，it will be impossible for me tO?

What a shame!We can’t?

三、范文分析

Dec．15，2000 Dear Peter，Would you like to come tO my place to have dinner with me on Sunday，Dec．20，at 8:00 p.m.? I haven’T seen you for a long time and I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours，Lucy [分析] 以上是Lucy寫給Peter的一封共進(jìn)晚餐的邀請(qǐng)信。由于是非正式場(chǎng)合，省略了 8 寫信人地址、收信人姓名及地址、正文開(kāi)頭提出了邀請(qǐng)，并講明了具體的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)(on Sunday，Dec.20，at 8:00 p.m.，my place)。最后表達(dá)了熱切的期盼之情(?looking forward to seeing you soon)。

Dec．17，2000 Dear Lucy，Thank you for your kind invitation to dinner at your place on Sunday，Dec．20，at 8:00 p.m．I do accept it with great pleasure．It seems quite a long time since we met last．

I’m looking forward to seeing you.Yours，Peter [分析] 以上是Peter表示接受邀請(qǐng)而寫的一封回信。正文開(kāi)頭對(duì)邀請(qǐng)表示感謝，并確認(rèn)了時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)。接著明確表示樂(lè)意接受邀請(qǐng)(I do accept it with great pleasure)。最后表示了熱切盼望那一天的到來(lái)。此信的關(guān)鍵是要寫明接受邀請(qǐng)，而不能出現(xiàn)“I’ll accept it I’m free“這類模棱兩可的句子。

Dec．17，2000 Dear Lucy，Thank you for your kind invitation to dinner at your place，But l’m sorry that I have to decline it．I’ll visit my former teacher that day．

I do hope to see you when I’m free．

Yours，Peter [分析] 這是一封peter因故不能出席的謝絕邀請(qǐng)信。同樣，正文開(kāi)頭表達(dá)了被邀請(qǐng)的謝意。接著明確地謝絕邀請(qǐng)并解釋了原因(But I’m sorry that l have to decline it,I’ll visit my former teacher that day．)。此處用到的套語(yǔ)有：

Thank you very much for your kind invitation to?

I’m sorry that?

四、練習(xí)

按下列要求寫一封邀請(qǐng)信及復(fù)函：

①以Wang Li的名義給他朋友Li Min寫一封邀請(qǐng)信，請(qǐng)他五一節(jié)期間來(lái)杭州游玩。

②以Li Min的名義寫一封接受邀請(qǐng)信。

③因Li Min在這期間要去廣東考察工作單位而謝絕邀請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)以Li Min的名義寫一封謝 9 絕信。[參考答案①]

April 20，2000 Dear Li Min，It is really a long time since l saw you last．I miss you so much．would you like to come to Hangzhou during International Labour Day?

Hangzhou is a beautiful city．There are quite a lot of places of interest and shopping places．you’re welcome to stay as long as you like and I’d like to be your guide．

I’m really looking forward to see you again．If you would tell me the time of your arrival，I’ll meet you at the railway station．

Yours，Wang Li [參考答案②]

April 20，2000 Dear Wang Li，Thank you for your kind invitation，I’m really pleased to meet you in Hangzhou，But now I can’t decide specifically when I will arrive in Hangzhou，However，once I make a specific decision，I will notify you by telephone．

I hope we can meet earlier．

Yours，Li Min [參考答案③]

April 20，2000 Dear Wang Li，Thank you very much for your kind invitation to visit Hangzhou．We really haven’t seen each other for a long time．But I really feel regret that I call’t come．I have to go to Cuangzhou those days，you know I’ll graduate thlis July，so I must go to visit the place where I will work．

I’ll write to you when I get back．

Yours

Li Min

請(qǐng)求信(A Letter of Request)

一、題型分析

請(qǐng)求信是普通書信的一種。常用于比較正式的場(chǎng)合。其格式與普通書信相同。它的主體要求清楚地寫出請(qǐng)求的內(nèi)容及理由，以達(dá)到令對(duì)方愿意幫助的目的。請(qǐng)求信要求語(yǔ)氣謙恭有禮，態(tài)度誠(chéng)懇。考生常犯表述不清、客套語(yǔ)重復(fù)、羅嗦的毛病。

二、應(yīng)試技巧 1．正確運(yùn)用格式

和其他普通書信—樣，請(qǐng)求信由寫信人地址、日期、收信人姓名及地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)尾客套語(yǔ)、署名七個(gè)部分組成。寫信人的地址要詳細(xì)，以便對(duì)方回復(fù)。2．正文要寫清楚如下幾點(diǎn)

(1)可以開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地提出請(qǐng)求，但語(yǔ)氣要有禮貌。(2)簡(jiǎn)明扼要地解釋提出請(qǐng)求的原因。

(3)無(wú)論結(jié)果如何，都向?qū)Ψ街轮x，但客套語(yǔ)不宜過(guò)多。3．靈活運(yùn)用常用于請(qǐng)求的語(yǔ)句

(1)I wish to?

I want tO?

We’d like to?

I would ask you to?

(2)We would feel obliged?

I should feel grateful for?

?will be greatly appreciated?

三、范文分析

No．3 Huangxing Road Changsha，410006

July 11，1999 Admission Office NanJing University Nanjing，210008 Dear Sir，I want to pursue a ph．D at your university．My intended of entrance is Autumn 2000．Your sending me application forms at your earliest convenience will be greatly appreciated.Sincerely yours

Li Mei [分析] 以上是Li Mei給Nanjing University招生辦寫的一封請(qǐng)求寄申請(qǐng)表的信。該請(qǐng)求 11 信包括了寫信人地址(No．3 Huangxing Road，Changsha，410006)、日期(July 11，1999)、收信地址，因不知收信人姓名而寫了招生辦(Admission Office)，相應(yīng)地稱呼也寫成Dear Sir，這樣比較合適。正文開(kāi)頭“I want to?”直奔主題，道明了寫信的目的，接著指明了入校時(shí)間為2000年秋，最后禮貌地請(qǐng)求他寄上申請(qǐng)表。在這里他用的是“?will be greatly appreciated”這個(gè)句型，而不僅僅是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的”Thanks“。

四、練習(xí)

給某電腦公司的銷售部經(jīng)理寫一封請(qǐng)求信，請(qǐng)求他給你寄該公司當(dāng)天在《北京周末 報(bào)》廣告中的家用電腦的詳盡說(shuō)明。[參考答案]

Baihai Road

Shanghai，200030 May 11，2000 Sales Manager Xinnan Computer Company NO，2 Leping Street Beijing，100082 Dear Sir，I’m interested in the personal computers which are advertised in today’s Beokom Weekend．I want very much to get the information about the various computers that you have．

I should feel much obliged if you will kindly send me some details of your computers．

Yours faithfully，Wang Lin

求職信（A Letter of Application）

一、題型分析

求職信是書信的一種。要求考生首先要熟悉普通書信的格式，同時(shí)突出自己與所求工作相關(guān)的經(jīng)歷和能力。另外，表達(dá)要清楚、具體，以便求職者能給對(duì)方留下深刻的印象，最后獲得面試的機(jī)會(huì)。

二、應(yīng)試技巧 1.正確運(yùn)用格式

和其他普通書信一樣，求職信由寫信人的地址及寫信日期、收信人的姓名及地址、稱呼、12 正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、署名和附件七個(gè)部分組成。寫信人的地址要詳細(xì)，以便對(duì)方順利通知寫信人面試。收信人一般為求職單位的人事負(fù)責(zé)人。附件指?jìng)€(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷、有關(guān)證明。2．正文要寫清以下四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容

(1)具體指出所尋求的職位。

(2)描述自己受教育的程度、以前的工作業(yè)績(jī)和工作能力。

(3)提供至少兩個(gè)證明人及其聯(lián)系地址和電話，放在“個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷”中列出，否則在正文中體現(xiàn)。

(4)請(qǐng)求對(duì)方給予面試的機(jī)會(huì)。3．靈活運(yùn)用求職信中常用的語(yǔ)句

(1)I would like to apply for the position?

This is an application for the position?

I wish to apply for the position?

(2)Please let me know if you want an interview．

Can we arrange an interview at your convenience?

I shall be much obliged if you will accord me an opportunity interview．

(3)I’m looking forward to hear from you shortly．

I hope to hear from you soon．

三、范文分析

Weymouth Street Charlottetown Price Edward Island, Canada CIA 4Z2 10 September，1998 Personnel Director Macro Engineering Co.600 Deepdale Drive Toronto，Ontario M5W 4R9 Dear Sir，I would like to apply for the senior position in your first-class standard Laboratory advertised in your advertisement．I graduated from Pacific Rim College in 1996 and got a B．S degree in Electrical Engineering．

After graduation I have been working at the Engineering Laboratory of Pacific Rim College 13 and have got much experience，And I trust I’m qualified to fill your position．

I’m enclosing my CV and looking forward to hearing from you shortly．

Yours Sincerely Alex Gawin [分析] 以上是Pacific Rim學(xué)院電子工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作人員Alex Gawin向Macro工程公司寫的一封求職信。該求職信包含寫信人地址(140 Weymouth Street Charlottetown，Prince Edward Island，Canada CIA 4Z2)和寫信時(shí)間(10 September l998)、收信人姓名(Personnel Director)和地址(Macro Engineering Co．600 Deepdale Drive，Toronto，Ontario，M5W 4R9)、稱呼(Dear Sir)、正文、署名(Alex Gawin)和附件(CV個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷)六個(gè)部分。正文清楚地顯示了所尋求的職位(the senior position in your first-class standards Laborary)、自己受教育的程度(graduated from Pacific Rim College，got a B．S degree in Electrical Engineering)電力機(jī)械專業(yè)理學(xué)土和工作經(jīng)歷及能力(have been working at the Electrical Engineering Laboratory of Pacific Rim College，have got much experience，trust that I’m qualified to fill your position)。至于證明人及其聯(lián)系地址和電話放在附件“個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷”(CV)之中。信中使用的套話有：

I would like to apply for?

I’m looking forward to hear from you shortly．

四、練習(xí)

根據(jù)下列招聘廣告寫一封求職信，字?jǐn)?shù)不少于80個(gè)。

The Representative office Of

an oversea manufacturing

company is looking for an

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

To assist General manager in his job，The person should be able to do the filing，take shorthand，deal with paperwork and correspondence in English，organize meetings and communicate with clients.Computer knowledge is a must preferably with technical background at least 3 years experience． [參考答案]

No．110 Shaoshan Road Changsha 410006, Hunan Nov．17，2000 Personnel Director 14 Oversea Manufacturing Company in Shanghai 120 Beihai Road, Shanghai 200040 Dear Sir，I wish to apply for the position as executive secretary in your company advertised in yesterday’s Guangming Daily．Since my graduation in 1998 from Hunan University with a B．S degree in Public Administration & service，I have been working as the General Manager’s executive secretary of a manufacturing company in Xiangtan and have got quite a lot of experience．Besides professional knowledge，I have a good command of computer and English．I’m sure I call fill your position．

I’m enclosing my CV and looking forward to hear from you shortly．

Yours faithfully

Chen Ming

慰問(wèn)信(Letters of consolation)

一、題型分析

親友生病、受傷或由于某種不幸事件蒙受了損失，應(yīng)該寫信表示慰問(wèn)。考生在寫作中應(yīng)注意慰問(wèn)信的格式和措詞，如果情況并不嚴(yán)重或損失不大，慰問(wèn)信可寫得輕松一些；若是情況嚴(yán)重或損失慘重，就應(yīng)該寫得深沉一些。

總之，慰問(wèn)信要格式正確，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范、簡(jiǎn)潔，感情真摯。

慰問(wèn)信的寫作在實(shí)用性文體中屬中等難度的題型，考生得分一般在6-12分之間。最常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤是主題不突出，語(yǔ)言太羅嗦，或者欠規(guī)范。此外，考生往往忽略格式的寫作，導(dǎo)致失分。

二、應(yīng)試技巧 1．正確運(yùn)用寫作格式

由于慰問(wèn)信通常是寫給親友的，彼此都較熟悉，其信內(nèi)收信人地址、姓名、寫信人地址及姓名均可以省略。所以慰問(wèn)信的格式通常由日期(date)、稱呼(salutation)、正文(body)、結(jié)束語(yǔ)(closing)及署名(signature)五部分組成。2.恰當(dāng)選用如下常見(jiàn)句型

(1)開(kāi)頭常用的有：

I was shocked／saddened／distressed／grieved to hear that?

It was a great／profound shock to hear?

We have just heard／learned with profound sorrow／regret the sad tragic news(of)?

I just can’t tell you how sad I am(to hear of)?

We want to offer our deepest?／May I express my most heartfelt sympathy at the loss of?

(2)結(jié)尾常用的有：

Please accept our very sincere／heartfelt condolence／consolation in your great loss．

We hope our caring will make your sorrow easier to bear．

We hope that time will ease the sorrow of your recent loss．

May our sympathy and consolation help to comfort you．

Our thoughts are with you in this time of sorrow．

May your memories be a source of comfort．

If we can be of any help，please don’t hesitate to let us know． 3．正文部分應(yīng)注意的三個(gè)方面

(1)尊重對(duì)方的感情，表達(dá)慰問(wèn)的主題。同情和慰問(wèn)應(yīng)該是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的，而且要親切、溫暖、富于人情。

(2)語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)潔。所要表達(dá)的感情是豐富而復(fù)雜的，但這些感情不一定全寫進(jìn)一封信中，應(yīng)去掉那些冗長(zhǎng)的頌詞和傷感的話，對(duì)方已經(jīng)很悲痛了，不要用更大的悲痛或與此無(wú)關(guān)事情的冗長(zhǎng)解釋來(lái)加重他的負(fù)擔(dān)。比如用一兩句話表達(dá)對(duì)收信人已故父親的尊重與仰慕，點(diǎn)到為止。

(3)表示愿意提供幫助。這一點(diǎn)不一定適合所有的情況，但如果動(dòng)機(jī)是誠(chéng)懇的，而且確實(shí)能夠做到，那么在信中表示愿意幫助無(wú)疑是一種最有效的安慰。4．避免錯(cuò)誤的文化遷移

中國(guó)學(xué)生受本族文化的影響，在寫慰問(wèn)信時(shí)往往發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤的文化遷移，常使用類似這樣的句子：”There is nothing anyone can say at a time like this．”“Words cannot express our feelings．”或“We don’t know what to say at this time．”這類話是極不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)的，它們顯得似乎有意拉長(zhǎng)一個(gè)表達(dá)悲傷的簡(jiǎn)短句子，而在對(duì)方需要幫助時(shí)卻又無(wú)能為力。

三、范文分析

July 6，2001 My dear Margaret，Today I heard of the passing away of your father，for whom I had the greatest admiration and regard．I know the suddenness of it must have been a dreadful shock，and I will miss your father，as you will．

May your memories be a source of comfort．Please know，Margaret，that my heart and my thoughts are with you and your family．I wish I could do something to soften your grief．

Affectionately，Mary Haskins [分析] 這是Mary Haskins寫給Margaret的一封慰問(wèn)信。信寫得真誠(chéng)、親切，設(shè)身處地替對(duì)方著想。首句巧妙地回避了令人反感和痛心的death，died，killed之類的詞，而代之以pass away這一委婉語(yǔ)，表達(dá)了自己的慰問(wèn)之情。緊接其后的“for whom I had the greatest admiration and regard”又表達(dá)了自己對(duì)朋友之父的尊敬與仰慕。因?yàn)椤皌he suddenness of it must have been a dreadful shock”，所以Margaret此時(shí)的心情一定是很悲痛的，但是“I will miss your father，as you will”，雖然人已死，但是他的音容笑貌依然活在親友的心中，并將永遠(yuǎn)被懷念，這對(duì)生者無(wú)疑是一種莫大的安慰。

信的結(jié)尾十分坦誠(chéng)而熱心地提出幫助：“I wish I could do something to soften your grief．”以實(shí)際的言行來(lái)幫助對(duì)方減少喪父之痛。

文中恰當(dāng)選用了“May your memories be a source of comfort．”和”Please know that my heart and my thoughts are with you and your family．”給對(duì)方以慰藉和勇氣。

四、練習(xí)

你(Harriet)的同事Mrs．Corbin不幸在一次撞車事故中受傷，傷勢(shì)不重。請(qǐng)你代表全校教職工寫一封慰問(wèn)信，字?jǐn)?shù)不得少于80個(gè)。[參考答案]

Aug．12，2000 Dear Mrs．Corbin，I feel I simply must write this note and tell you how much you are in the hearts and minds of everyone in school．

We were greatly shooked and saddened to hear the news of crash，But we were grateful，too，hat your injuries were not worse．We will miss your，but don’t concern yourself with your work here，we will take care of it for you．

The affection and best wishes of the entire school are with you，and everyone is hoping for your quick and complete recovery．

Sincerely yours

Harriet

投訴信(A letter of Complaint)

一、題型分析

相對(duì)于通知、請(qǐng)假等而言，投訴信篇幅長(zhǎng)，難度大，失分率也相應(yīng)地高。該題型要求考生能在20分鐘內(nèi)清楚地表達(dá)出自己所要投訴的事情。而考生的難點(diǎn)也主要在于如何才能措辭準(zhǔn)確，使被投訴方?jīng)]有反感。

二、應(yīng)試技巧 1．了解投訴信的特點(diǎn)

投訴信作為一種私人信件，主要是指在日常生活中，人們因產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量或?qū)Ψ?wù)質(zhì)量不滿等原因而寫的以求得問(wèn)題解決的信，其主要內(nèi)容包括：

(1)投訴內(nèi)容

主要指投訴實(shí)物名稱或抽象的服務(wù)態(tài)度等。

(2)投訴原因

主要指投訴內(nèi)容出了何種問(wèn)題。

(3)希望得到的結(jié)果

主要是指向被投訴的單位或個(gè)人求得解決問(wèn)題的辦法或希望返回其所付出的代價(jià)。

注意：因?qū)懲对V信的目的是為了求得一個(gè)解決問(wèn)題的方法而不是為了泄憤，故在寫信時(shí)語(yǔ)氣要平和，語(yǔ)言不能過(guò)于尖刻。2．掌握常用句型或語(yǔ)句

(1)常用開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)句

I’m writing to you about the bed which I bought from your shop three days ago.I’m sorry to complain of the bad quality of?／the poor service of?

I choose to complain to you about?because I’m sure you will be able to have the problem solved．

(2)表述原因的句型

When we／I checked?，we／I noticed／found?

?，it did not work properly．

As you will realize，I was extremely upset to discover all this．

(3)結(jié)尾常用句型

Please let us／me know what you intend to do in this matter．

I’m returning?under／by separate post．

I’m looking forward to receiving a full refund of 500 yuan．

Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible．

三、范文分析

May 18，2001 Dear Sir，I have written two letters telling you that my telephone has been out of order for a few days，but I haven’t heard from you ever since．Now it is hard to get a connection，what is worse，it is ringing like mad every now and then．This causes us not only much inconvenience but also a lot of trouble．

Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.Yours sincerely，Li Fang [分析]這封投訴信是寫信人投訴修理電話機(jī)的人未及時(shí)修理電話機(jī)。寫信人一開(kāi)頭就以“I have written two letters?but I haven’t heard from you ever since“這一句子引出了投訴內(nèi)容及原因即“the telephone has been out of order”and the repairers didn’t give any reply to the writter’s requirement，緊接著寫信人說(shuō)出了電話機(jī)出現(xiàn)的毛病以及這些毛病給人帶來(lái)的不方便，最后以“Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible”這一句子結(jié)尾，直截了當(dāng)?shù)叵虮煌对V人提出給予解決問(wèn)題的辦法。總體上說(shuō)，這篇文章的語(yǔ)言較平和，寫信人的態(tài)度也較為誠(chéng)懇。

四、練習(xí)

①假定你叫李平，寫信給店主投訴你買的羊毛夾克衫已壞，希望要回錢并請(qǐng)求解決問(wèn)題的辦法。

要求：字?jǐn)?shù)不少于80詞。

②假定你叫李華，寫信投訴某商店?duì)I業(yè)員。

投訴內(nèi)容：服務(wù)態(tài)度差。

投訴原因：某天路過(guò)一商店時(shí)看中一件毛皮大衣，故進(jìn)去向營(yíng)業(yè)員說(shuō)明來(lái)意，當(dāng)因她 給的大衣太大要求更換時(shí)，該營(yíng)業(yè)員拒絕這一要求，并說(shuō)你是買不起這種毛皮大衣的人。

希望得到的結(jié)果：要求道歉并希望經(jīng)理能使她懂得如何為顧客服務(wù)。

要求：字?jǐn)?shù)不少于80詞，不能逐句翻譯。[參考答案①]

Dec．25，2000 Dear Mr Manager，I’m sorry to complain to you about the bad quality of the woolen jacket I bought from your shop three months ago when I was in your area．

I’ve been wearing it only at weekends．but now the sleeves have worn badly．As you will realize，I’m extremely upset and annoyed at this.I hope I can have my money hack，if you don’t mind．I’m sorry to give you the trouble，but I’m sure you’ll be kind enough to have the problem solved.I’m returning the jacket under separate post，and enclose the receipt。I’m looking forward to receiving your early reply．

Yours faithfully

Li Ping [參考答案②]

Nov．12，2000 Dear Mr Manager，I’m very sorry to complain to you about the poor service in your store．

The day before yesterday when I was passing your shop，I happened to find a fur coat in the shopwindow which I liked very much．I went in and told a lady assistant(No.2)about my intention．

When l found the coat she showed me was too big，I asked her to show me a smaller one，but she refused，and said that I was not the one who could afford it.I hope she could make an apology to me and that you’ll make her understand how to serve customers．

Yours truly，Li Hua

道歉信(A Letter of Apology)

一、題型分析

道歉信的格式較普通書信簡(jiǎn)單。它的中心是如何解釋清楚犯錯(cuò)的原因并向?qū)Ψ降狼浮Ｆ涮攸c(diǎn)是措詞委婉，語(yǔ)氣誠(chéng)懇，最終達(dá)到使對(duì)方接受你的歉意的目的。

二、應(yīng)試技巧 1．道歉信的格式

道歉信常用于熟悉的朋友之間，因而普通書信中的寫信人地址、收信人姓名、地址可以 20 省略不寫，寫上日期、稱呼、正文、結(jié)尾客套語(yǔ)及署名即可。特別注意日期應(yīng)寫在右上角。2．道歉信的正文

正文要求注意如下三點(diǎn)：

(1)以道歉語(yǔ)句開(kāi)頭。

(2)清晰明了地給出一個(gè)令人信服的理由。

(3)請(qǐng)求對(duì)方接受你的道歉。3．常用于道歉信的語(yǔ)句

(1)I’m terribly sorry for?

I’m awfully sorry that?

I’m very sorry to?

I regret that?

I regret to say that?

(2)Please accept my apology for?

You’ll accept my apology，won’t you?

I should be much obliged if you will please excuse me．

I hope you will accept my apology．

三、范文分析

July 2，2000 Dear Alison，I must apologize to you that I have lost the pen you lent me last Monday，I looked wherever I might have put it，but I just couldn’t find it I know it was a gift from your aunt，I’m going to buy a new one for you，I’m really sorry for being so careless，you’ll accept my apology，won’t you?

Yours，Jim [分析]以上是Jim因丟失了Alison的鋼筆而寫的一封道歉信，其格式規(guī)范，包括了日期(JuLy 2，2000)、稱呼(Dear Alison)、正文、結(jié)尾客套語(yǔ)(yours)、署名(Jim)五個(gè)部分。正文一開(kāi)頭用了“I must apologize to you that?”誠(chéng)懇地向?qū)Ψ降狼福又忉屃说狼傅脑颍骸?lost the pen?”而且他正在采取補(bǔ)救措施：“I’m going to buy a new one for you．”最后承認(rèn)這是因?yàn)樽约旱拇中拇笠猓骸癐’m really sorry for being so careless，”并懇請(qǐng)對(duì)方原諒：“You’ll accept my apology，won’t you?“范文寫得簡(jiǎn)潔明了，措詞委婉，道歉者真誠(chéng)的歉意溢于言表。其中所用到的套話有： I must apologize to you that? I’m really sorry for?

You’ll accept my apology，won’t you?

四、練習(xí)

①Lucy昨天因母病未能去機(jī)場(chǎng)給朋友Mary送行，為此請(qǐng)以Lucy的名義寫封道歉信。

②因Lily要出席一個(gè)重要會(huì)議，特將原定于11月25號(hào)的宴會(huì)推遲，請(qǐng)以此向Smith和Helen道歉。[參考答案①]

Sep．3，2000 Dear Mary，I’m awfully sorry that I couldn’t see you off at the airport yesterday．My mother fell ill and I had to take care of her at home．I hope you will accept my sincere apology．

Yours，Lacy [參考答案②]

Nov．12，2000 Dear Mr．Smith and Helen，I’m terribly sorry that the dinner we have planned for Nov．25 must be postponed．I’ll have to attend an important meeting that day.I’ll write soon to see what we canarrange in December，Thank you for thinking of me．

Sincerely yours，Lily

解雇信(A Letter of Dismissal)

一、題型分析

解雇信的格式比普通書信的格式還簡(jiǎn)單，考生比較容易掌握。考生感到困難的是如何措辭才能使其語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，語(yǔ)氣肯定，解雇原因符合事實(shí)且通情達(dá)理，從而達(dá)到使對(duì)方對(duì)公司有好感的目的。

二、應(yīng)試技巧 1．正確運(yùn)用格式

解雇信是雇主寫給雇員的，不要求回信，因雙方的工作單位一致，所以寫信人的地址和收信人的姓名和地址通常省略。一封解雇信由寫信日期、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)和署名五個(gè)部分組成。

2．正文涉及的內(nèi)容

(1)對(duì)被解雇職員表示抱歉。

(2)陳述解雇這一事實(shí)。

(3)解釋解雇的原因。這一點(diǎn)尤為重要，原因要解釋得合情合理，令人信服，且不能傷對(duì)方的自尊心，要注意語(yǔ)氣委婉，有禮有節(jié)。

(4)以鼓勵(lì)的話語(yǔ)作為結(jié)尾。3．常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)句

(1)I regret having to tell you?

It is with deep regret that I must inform you?

I am sorry to be the one to tell you?

(2)We trust that several new positions will open for you．

I wish you the best in future employment．

I am sure you will soon find work more suited to your abilities．

We wish you well in your endeavor．

三、范文分析

Feb．18，2000 Dear Allan，I am sorry to be the one to tell you this，but your service will no longer be required．However，your pay will continue for two full months．The time is based on your years of service．

We have repeatedly asked you to put more effort and willingness into your work．We believe you have the potential to do a competent job；but your last 3 reports were late，incomplete and inaccurate，and therefore useless to our managers who rely on these reports for operating decisions．

Perhaps you should seek a job that is less demanding and has less critical deadlines．I am confident you will soon find work more suited to your abilities.Sincerely

Ecloise Madden [分析] 這是雇主Ecloise Madden因員工Allan工作表現(xiàn)差而將其解雇的一封信，包括寫信日期(Feb．18，2000)、稱呼(Dear Allan)、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)(Sincerely)和簽名(Ecloise Madden)五個(gè)部分。信中運(yùn)用了常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)句：“I am sorry to be the one to tell you?”“Perhaps you should 23 seek a job?to your ability．”前句表達(dá)雇主的遺憾之情，后句用以安慰和鼓勵(lì)被解雇的職工。解雇原因通過(guò)一句話“?but your last 3 reports were late，incomplete and inaccurate and therefore useless to our managers?”解釋得清楚明了。同時(shí)，通過(guò)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(?but your service will be no longer be required．)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(We have repeatedly asked you?)暗示我們一直苦口婆心規(guī)勸你，可你不聽(tīng)，從而產(chǎn)生今天我們迫不得已解雇你這一事實(shí)，從而讓被解雇人明白：造成今天這個(gè)結(jié)局的原因主要在自己身上，雇主和公司方已經(jīng)做到了仁至義盡。此外，通過(guò)肯定其工作能力(you have the potential to do a competent job)以維護(hù)被解雇人的自尊心。

四、練習(xí)

中友光學(xué)儀器公司因使用生產(chǎn)過(guò)程自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)(the automatic control system of the production process)需要裁減一批員工，其中包括李明。請(qǐng)以董事長(zhǎng)Mr Carol的名義給他寫一封解雇信，字?jǐn)?shù)不少于80個(gè)。[參考答案]

June 25，2000 Dear Mr Li，It is with deep regret that I must inform you of the recent decision to terminate your association with Zhongyou Optical Instruments Company.Because of the automatic control system of the production process，we have to cut down our manpower resourees，and several employees have,unfortunately,suffered in the process．

Your work here has been admirable，and I will certainly provide you with the highest of recommendations if called upon to do so．

With your skills and abilities to work with people，I am sure you will soon find a position with another company．Wish you the best in future employment．

Sincerely yours

Carol

借據(jù)和收條(IOU and Receipt Forms)

一、題型分析

借據(jù)和收條格式簡(jiǎn)單，正文開(kāi)頭有固定的句型引導(dǎo)，要求考生能熟練地運(yùn)用常用句型并簡(jiǎn)明扼要地寫清字據(jù)的內(nèi)容。

二、應(yīng)試技巧

1．注意簡(jiǎn)單格式在不同情況下的區(qū)別

借據(jù)和收條一般由日期、正文、署名三部分組成，但借款借據(jù)一般要寫抬頭(To Mr Smith)，而借物借據(jù)和收條均可省略抬頭。2．注意不同字據(jù)內(nèi)容表述上的細(xì)節(jié)性差別

(1)借物借據(jù)常以“Borrowed from?”這個(gè)句型引導(dǎo)，寫明何人何物即可。

(2)借款借據(jù)常以“I，O，U”開(kāi)頭，也可寫成“IOU”，它是“I owe you”(我欠你)的縮寫形式，即漢語(yǔ)中的“今借到”、“今借”。接著要寫明所借款的數(shù)額及幣種，如果是定期償還的還應(yīng)寫上歸還的具體日期，帶利息的應(yīng)寫明利息多少。利息常以厘為單位，用百分比表示，如：5 percent per annum意思是年息五厘。若要說(shuō)明用途，則在其后加“for?”。

(3)收條開(kāi)頭常以“Received from?”或“Receive of?”引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的“今收到”、“收到”，再寫明收到的具體內(nèi)容。3．牢記并恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用固定表達(dá)

I，O，U?

Borrowed from?for?

Received of／from?

三、范文分析 Sample 1

Feb.2, 2000 To Mr John，IOU three thousand yuan only(RMB)，to be paid within three months from this date with interest at sIX per cent per annum．

Liu Li [分析]這是一張定期償還的借款條據(jù)，其格式正確，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單明了。它用了我們寫借據(jù)時(shí)常用的“IOU?”開(kāi)頭來(lái)說(shuō)明借了3000元整，括號(hào)中的RMB指明了幣種。接著寫了歸還的日期和利息(six percent per annum年息6厘)。Sample 2

May 8，2000 Borrowed from professor kerry an English-Chinese Dictionary．

Lucy [分析]借物字據(jù)較借款字據(jù)簡(jiǎn)單，不必寫抬頭，只須寫明借何人何物即可。Sample 3

April 11，1999 25

Received from the English Department the sum of eight hundred US dollars(US $800)，being my salary for the month of April，1999．

K．Grace [分析] 收據(jù)格式與借據(jù)相同，但省略抬頭，范文中的”Received from the English Deparunent the sum of eight hundred US dollars(US $800)”清楚地告訴我們：收到英語(yǔ)系共800美元。在寫款額時(shí)比較謹(jǐn)慎，不僅寫明了“eight hundred US dollars”，又在括號(hào)里標(biāo)明了，這樣很難被涂改。接下來(lái)的“being my salary for the month of April，1999“指出了錢的用途，如不需說(shuō)明也可省略。

四、練習(xí)

①寫一張借條，內(nèi)容為L(zhǎng)i Bin欠Mrs．smith 5000美元，將在立字據(jù)起兩年內(nèi)償還，年息為3厘。

②Peter John于2000年9月1日收到李平繳納的住宿費(fèi)600元人民幣，請(qǐng)以此寫一張收條。

③Lily于1999年3月4日收到高等教育出版社《實(shí)用業(yè)務(wù)英語(yǔ)》100本，以此寫一張收條。[參考答案①]

Oct．10，2000 To Mrs Smith，I.O.U five thousand US dollars(US $5000)to be paid within two years from this date with interest at three per cent per annum.Li Bin [參考答案②]

Sep．1，2000 Received from Mr．Li Ping six hundred Yuan(RMB)for accommodation fee．

PeterJohn [參考答案③]

March 4，1999 Received from the Highter Education Press one hundred copies of Practical Professional,English．

Lily

證明(Certificate)

一、題型分析

證明或證書涉及面較廣，凡是證明一個(gè)人的身份、經(jīng)歷或某件事情真相的信或文件，都叫做證明或證書。如證明一個(gè)人出生、死亡以及學(xué)歷等內(nèi)容。

證明的書寫格式與普通書信格式基本相同，要注意其措詞和內(nèi)容。此外，還要注意證明的權(quán)威性。

二、應(yīng)試技巧 1．正確運(yùn)用格式

前文提到過(guò)，證明的格式與一般書信格式大致相同，只是在稱呼(thesalutation)位置上一般寫上“To whom it may concem，(i)”，而不須寫收信人姓名、地址和結(jié)束語(yǔ)。通常在信箋的上方先注明Certificate(證書)字樣，然而寫將要證明的內(nèi)容，最后在右下方署上自己的名字或單位名稱。2．寫清證明內(nèi)容

無(wú)論是證明還是證書，都要求在正文(the body)開(kāi)頭就寫上證明內(nèi)容。一般采用的句型是：

This is to certify that?(茲證明??)3．證明或證書應(yīng)該是權(quán)威的

證明中應(yīng)體現(xiàn)寫信人作為一個(gè)專家的專業(yè)地位、職業(yè)或者體現(xiàn)所代表機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)威性。

三、范文分析

October 7，2000 TO whom it may concern，This is to certify that Miss Liu Ning has been employed in our company as a typist for the past five years and has been working to oyr complete satisfaction.She has faithfully attended to her duties and has proved herself to be industrious and thoroughly reliable．Now she is leaving as we have no further need of her service．Any inquiries regarding her will be answered．

Yours faithfully

Shao Qiang Director of the office [分析]上面是一位辦公室主任邵強(qiáng)給劉寧小姐寫的一封證明，劉寧小姐由于公司不再需要打字員而離職。這封信簡(jiǎn)短，但包括了證明信的基本要素：寫信日期(October 7，2000)、稱呼(To whom it may concern)、證明的正文(This is to certify that?)、結(jié)束語(yǔ)(yours faithfully)27 和署名(Shao Qiang)，署名中列出寫信人的職位(Director of the Office)，表明了這封信的權(quán)威性。

信中還提到劉寧小姐的具體工作表現(xiàn)：“She has faidfully attended to her duties and has proved herself to be industrious and thoroughly reliable”，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范、正式，措詞嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。此外，還說(shuō)明了我們是怎樣受益于她的工作的(?her work has been to our complete satisfaction)。

四、練習(xí)

以北京大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)的身份寫一封證明信，證明學(xué)生林濤在本校英語(yǔ)系研修英國(guó)語(yǔ)言、文學(xué)和文化課程。[參考答案]

Peking University November 12，1998 To whom it may concern，This is to certify that Mr．Lin Tao has attended a courne in English Language，Literature and Culture from September l995 to July l996 in the Faculty of English．

Wang Gang

President of the University

推銷信(A Letter of Sales Promotion)

一、題型分析

該題型要求考生正確掌握推銷信的寫作格式，簡(jiǎn)單、清晰地描寫所推銷產(chǎn)品的特色。語(yǔ)言要生動(dòng)有力，重點(diǎn)突出，以達(dá)到鼓動(dòng)顧客購(gòu)買該產(chǎn)品的目的。如果考生對(duì)某一產(chǎn)品的特色了解不夠，那么特色描寫就成為推銷信寫作之中的攔路虎，因此失分就會(huì)比較多。

二、應(yīng)試技巧 1．正確運(yùn)用格式

推銷信由寫信人的地址和寫信時(shí)間、收信人的姓名和地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)和署名六大部分組成。如果面對(duì)某個(gè)地方的所有顧客或不知顧客的姓名，可以省略第二部分即收信人的姓名和地址。2．正文寫作應(yīng)注意的技巧

(1)使用有說(shuō)服力的詞語(yǔ)如：advantage，confidence，economical，effective，fair，free，lowest cost，new，money-making，powerful，good quality，successful，valuable等等，為推銷信增色。

(2)使用刺激視覺(jué)的手段，包括大寫、斜體字、黑體字、引號(hào)、下劃線、破折號(hào)、著重號(hào)、表格等吸引顧客的注意力。

(3)特色描述不可面面俱到，只能突出重點(diǎn)，否則難以給顧客留下深刻的印象。

(4)使用富有趣味的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)句，如一句不尋常的評(píng)論、一個(gè)故事、名人名言等。

(5)結(jié)尾時(shí)明確示意顧客立即行動(dòng)起來(lái)。別忘了給顧客提供自己的聯(lián)系地址和聯(lián)系辦法。3．常見(jiàn)的推銷語(yǔ)句

(1)Here is an indispensable invention for anyone who?

I wonder if you have ever had an experience like this one——This may be your last chance to?

(2)So do the right thing for yourself——mail the card today.Send no money，simply mail the card．

Our supply is limited．Act now!We will be happy to assist you．please give us a call．

Send no money．If not satisfied，don’t pay．

三、范文分析

Federal Drug Administration 532 Overbrook Road Michigan 48013 January 4，1999 No．111，Madison Avenue New York，NY100017 Dear Madame，If you have a weight problem，do not despair．The Federal Drug Administration has approved the weight-loss medication“Ionamin”，which is effective and doesn’t have the harmful effects of other medications．

But this is only part of our complete procedure that promises proper weight loss．We perform a medical examination，including heart-rhythm test，blood tests and basic medical history．

From this we can prescribe the proper medication——if needed——diet，and exercise．Each person is different，and you will be treated as an individual．

Weight loss can be promised，but keeping your weight at its proper level can be achieved only with your cooperation and persistence．

Call me at 000—0000 for a free consultation．We can help you maintain your desired weight．

Sincerely

Federal Drug Administration

Atwood

Sales Manager [分析] 以上是美國(guó)聯(lián)邦藥物經(jīng)營(yíng)公司銷售部經(jīng)理Atwood給紐約市麥迪遜大衛(wèi)110號(hào)的一位女士寫的一封推銷減肥藥的信。其組成部分為寫信人的地址(Federal Drug Administration，532 Overbrook Road，Michigan 48013)和寫信時(shí)間(January 4，1999)、收信人的地址(No．111，Madison Avenue，其姓名因不知道而省略)、稱呼(Dear Madame)、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)(Sincerely)和署名(Atwood)，這里為了增加可信度，附有推銷人的工作單位及職務(wù)(Federal Drug Administration，sales manager)。

正文部分使用了有說(shuō)服力的詞如effective，promises，free，desired等；引號(hào)、破折號(hào)等視覺(jué)刺激手法；重點(diǎn)描述“Ionamin”藥品的減肥優(yōu)勢(shì)(effective and doesn’t have the harmful effects of other medications)，最后留下了一個(gè)免費(fèi)咨詢的電話號(hào)碼000—O000。

四、練習(xí)

請(qǐng)以上海貿(mào)易有限公司銷售部經(jīng)理王強(qiáng)的名義，寫一封推銷“大鵬”牌(“ROC”)卷筆刀的信。字?jǐn)?shù)不得少于80個(gè)。[參考答案]

Shanghai Trading Co．Ltd．

NO．10，Jinhua Road

Shanghai 200031

May 10，2001 No．12 Zhongshan Road Changsha 410008 Dear Sir or Madame，We have a point to make——Our“ROC”sharpeners do more than just put a point on your pencil．It will sharpen your pencil down to the last stub without harming the lead core．

Famed for 40 years for quality and low cost，“ROC”pencil sharpeners are sold around the world．

If you have a“ROC”，you have a fine aid to writing，but also have a decorative piece for your desk——or a toy for your child．

We will be happy to assist you．Please call at 021-543703207 for a free consultation．

Yours truly

Shanghai Trading Co．Ltd．

Wang Qiang

Sales Manager

簡(jiǎn)歷(Resume)

一、題型分析

簡(jiǎn)歷是一個(gè)人的工作經(jīng)歷、教育和興趣愛(ài)好的總結(jié)。

簡(jiǎn)歷其實(shí)是一種廣告，為了使雇主安排自己參加面試，簡(jiǎn)歷應(yīng)該寫得整潔、具體、準(zhǔn)確。

二、應(yīng)試技巧

(1)格式可以多樣化。甚至可以以圖表的形式出現(xiàn)。但總的原則是簡(jiǎn)潔明了．一目 了然。

(2)簡(jiǎn)歷可以因個(gè)人情況不同而有差異，但大致應(yīng)該包括以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。

①個(gè)人資料(Personal Information)。包括簡(jiǎn)歷人的姓名、性別、詳細(xì)地址、郵編、電子郵件地址甚至國(guó)籍等。

②受教育情況(Education)乙列出就讀的每所學(xué)校的名稱和地址，學(xué)習(xí)的起止年月，尤其要突出與目前求職的工作緊密相關(guān)的課程。

③個(gè)人經(jīng)歷(Experience)。列出所有曾從事的工作，包括專職和兼職工作，乃至假期臨時(shí)性的工作。從事每項(xiàng)工作的時(shí)間、雇主、職銜以及職責(zé)都應(yīng)一一按順序陳列清楚。

④附件(References)，包括權(quán)威人士的證明信，或推薦信，或者說(shuō)明附件備索。

三、范文分析

Resume Wang Mingda 1200 Sichuan Road，Chengdu Sichuan 610000 The People’s Republic of China Job objective：a position as a computer programmer Experience：Programming ——Skilled in computer programming．

Analysis——Developed skill in analyzing flow charts，programs，and systems

procedures．

Organization——Highly organized with demonstrated leadership skill in coordinating

and motivating team members．

Human Relations——Able to work well with people，work hard and make significant

contributions to an organization Education：Bachelor of science，Chongqing University，1994． Minor：Computer Science Work History：August，1995~August，1996，Engineer，Xinglong Electronics，Inc．Chongqing September，1994~July，1995，technician，Dongfang Computer Company，Chengdu Foreign Language：Studied English throughout the undergraduate years；Excellent reading

ability，good at translation and good spoken English Personal Data： Date of Birth：March 20，1971 Place of Birth：Chengdu，Sichuan Province，China Marital Status：Single

Health：Excellent Interests：Sports，theatre，reading Reference：Available upon request [分析] 這是四川成都市王明達(dá)的一份個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷。整個(gè)簡(jiǎn)歷雖然沒(méi)有以表格形式出現(xiàn)，但布置整齊(主要項(xiàng)目實(shí)行左對(duì)齊)。包括六個(gè)方面的主要內(nèi)容(Personal Information，Experience，Education，Work History，F(xiàn)oreign Language和Reference)。全面、系統(tǒng)地介紹了自己過(guò)去學(xué)習(xí)、工作的情況。在列出個(gè)人信息之后，明確列出了求職意向(Job objective)是a position as a computer progrmmner，讓雇主一目了然。個(gè)人經(jīng)歷又分四項(xiàng)(Programming，Analysis，Organization，Human Relations)詳細(xì)回顧任職資歷，充分地向雇主證明了自己的能力。在教育一項(xiàng)中，突出了自己所獲得的學(xué)位“Bachelor of Science，1994 Chongqing University”，所主攻的專業(yè)是“Computer Science“。然后進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明自己并非只具有專業(yè)知識(shí)，還兼有豐富的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，曾在“Xinglong Electronics，Inc．Chongqing”擔(dān)任“Engineer”一職，又曾作過(guò)"“Technician，Dongfang Computer Company，Chengdu”。最后，以所掌握的ForeignLanguage來(lái)證明自己除專業(yè)外，外語(yǔ)也學(xué)得不錯(cuò)，是一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人才。

四、練習(xí)

根據(jù)以下中文信息寫份英文簡(jiǎn)歷。

姓名：約翰·史密斯

國(guó)籍：美國(guó)

目前所在地址：美國(guó)加利福尼亞州洛杉磯市高街506號(hào)

電話：101—818—4575911

傳真：010—818—4575912 32

出生日期：1964年4月9號(hào)

出生地點(diǎn)：紐約

已婚，生有一女。1970—1978年，在紐約Walshall Elementary School學(xué)習(xí)，1978~1982年在洛杉磯Lincoln High School學(xué)習(xí)，1982~1986年在University of California的Law School學(xué)習(xí)。上大學(xué)期間始終學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)，具有很好的閱讀能力，且擅長(zhǎng)筆譯，并能流利地交談。從1986-1988年在加利福尼亞大學(xué)任助教，1988年至今在該大學(xué)任講師。希望尋求一份律師工作，原因是本人一直渴望作律師，因?yàn)檫@工作不僅有趣，而且有助于提高工作能力，薪金也很誘人。[參考答案]

Resume Name：John Smith Present Address：506 High Street Los Angeles，California U．S．A．

Tel No:101—818—4575911

Fax No:O1O—818—4575912 Date of Birth: April 9th，1964

Place of Birth: New York Nationality: American

Marital Status:Married，1 daughter Education: 1970~1978；Walshall Elementary School N．Y．

1978~1982：Lincoln High Sch001，Los Angeles 1982~1986：Law School，University of California Foreign Language：I had been studying French for four years at college．Now I have excellent reading ability．I am good at translation and can talk with others in French fluently． Work Experience：1986~1988，Teaching Assistant，University of California 1988~present，Lecturer，University of California Job Objective：a lawyer Reasons：I have been longing to work as a lawyer，because the work is not only interesting but also provides me with more chances to improve my ability．Besides，the salary is very attractive.33

第二篇：高職高專英語(yǔ)A級(jí)考試輔導(dǎo)材料-聽(tīng)力部分輔導(dǎo)資料

第一章 聽(tīng)力理解應(yīng)試技巧

一、題型分析

《高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力考試大綱》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《大綱》)規(guī)定：聽(tīng)力理解是測(cè)試考生理解所聽(tīng)對(duì)話、會(huì)話和簡(jiǎn)單短文的能力，所力材料的語(yǔ)速為每分鐘120詞。本部分的比分占總分的15％，測(cè)試時(shí)間為15分鐘，對(duì)話、會(huì)話和短文以日常生活和交際中的實(shí)用性內(nèi)容為主，詞匯限于《高職高專教育英語(yǔ)課程教學(xué)基本要求》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《基本要求》)詞匯表的范圍。

英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力聽(tīng)力考試分為兩種模式即選擇模式和聽(tīng)寫模式。選擇模式包括section A對(duì)話和section B段落理解兩種題型，要求對(duì)所聽(tīng)材料進(jìn)行快速理解分析，做出合理選擇，選出問(wèn)題所對(duì)應(yīng)的相關(guān)選項(xiàng)；聽(tīng)寫模式出現(xiàn)于section C中，考生除了要進(jìn)行正確的聽(tīng)力理解，還要進(jìn)行短時(shí)記憶、信息記錄、書面表達(dá)。這一種考試題型較前兩種題型難度要大一些，如果考生的語(yǔ)言基本功不扎實(shí)，該題的得分一般來(lái)說(shuō)不會(huì)理想。

二、對(duì)話部分應(yīng)試技巧

歷年考題都把對(duì)話設(shè)置在聽(tīng)力理解的第一部分(section A)，并采用靈活多變的方式考查學(xué)生日常生活中的信息接收能力和快速判斷能力，聽(tīng)完一遍對(duì)話后要在15—20秒鐘內(nèi)讀完四個(gè)選項(xiàng)并做出合理選擇。Section A包括5—10道題，每題由一組對(duì)話及一個(gè)提問(wèn)組成。

對(duì)話部分常包括下列題型： 1.計(jì)算題

該題要求考生對(duì)所聽(tīng)到的數(shù)字進(jìn)行運(yùn)算，并得出一個(gè)新的重要信息。該題解題關(guān)鍵 在于聽(tīng)清兩個(gè)已知數(shù)字的關(guān)系并采用正確的算法。對(duì)于高校學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，口頭速算是小學(xué) 階段就已經(jīng)解決了的問(wèn)題，但用英文表達(dá)出來(lái)的數(shù)字信息聽(tīng)起來(lái)就有一定的難度。這類 計(jì)算題通常有價(jià)格計(jì)算、時(shí)間計(jì)算等。[例1]You will hear：

W：What is the time by your watch?

M：Eight fifty three，but my watch is ten minutes slow．

Q：What is the exact time now?

You will read：

A)8:53

B)8:57

C)9:00

D)9:03

本題關(guān)鍵在于“ten minutes slow”，因此D)為正確答案。[例2]You will hear：

M：How much are the tickets?

W：Ten dollars for the general public，but student tickets are half price．

Q：How much will the man pay for two student tickets?

You will read：

A)Five dollars．

B)Twenty dollars．

C)Fifteen dollars．

D)Ten dollars．

本題測(cè)試學(xué)生理解明示信息的能力，要求考生聽(tīng)懂細(xì)節(jié)。女士說(shuō)：“普通票10美元，學(xué)生票半價(jià)。”買兩張學(xué)生票應(yīng)付10美元，因此，答案為D)。[例3]You will hear：

W：Wasn’t our appointment fOr 10:30?

M：It was．But l had to be 15 minutes late．

Q：What time did the man arrive?

Yal will read：

A)10:00

B)10:30

C)10:45

D)11:15

本題關(guān)鍵在于聽(tīng)懂“I had to be 15 minutes late”，故選C)。[例4]You will heal：

W：If we hurry we can take the express train and save an hour．

M：Yes．The express takes only three hours to get to New York．

Q：How long does it take the local train to New York?

You will read：

A)One hour．

B)Two hours．

C)Three hours．

D)Four hours．

考生若能聽(tīng)懂第一句，就不難選出本題的正確答案D)。

注意下列與計(jì)算題有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵信息詞和短語(yǔ)：

spend，cost

花費(fèi)

save，spare

節(jié)省

buy，purchase

購(gòu)買

plus

加上還有

amount

數(shù)量

dollar；cent

美元；美分

pound；penny

英鎊；便士

change

零錢

twice；couple；double；pair

兩次；一對(duì)；雙；一副

quarter

四分之一

dozen

一打，12個(gè)

score

二十

percentage

百分比

10％ discount 優(yōu)惠了10％，打9折

times as much as

是??的2倍

knock 20％ off the price

降價(jià)20％

take 2 pills a time，3 times a day

吃藥一日三次，一次兩粒

zero point six

0.6

nine forty-five／a quarter to ten

9:45 five thirty／half past five

5:30

twelve fifty／ten to one

12:50

the day before yesterday

前天

the day after tomorrow

后天

every day

每天

every other day

每隔一天

the other day／a few days ago

幾天前

week days

工作日(周一至周五)

from nine a．m．to five p．m．

從早上9點(diǎn)到下午5點(diǎn)

more；less

多；少

early；late

早；晚

fast；slow

快；慢

before；after

前；后

ahead of time；earlier

提前

put off；delay；postpone

延遲 2．推理判斷題

推理判斷題是聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中一個(gè)主要的題型，也是難度較大的一類題型，其特點(diǎn)是說(shuō)話人表達(dá)思想的方式比較含蓄，往往不能為選擇書面答案提供直接的信息。

(1)相關(guān)詞推理題

在小對(duì)話中相關(guān)詞推理題不乏其題，這要求考生在解答這類題目時(shí)把握語(yǔ)境相關(guān)詞，然后進(jìn)：—步推知可能問(wèn)到的對(duì)話發(fā)生地點(diǎn)(Where does the conversation take place?)、人物職業(yè)及身份(What does the man do?What is the occupation of the woman?)、人物關(guān)系(What is the probable relationshipbetween the two speakers?)。

聽(tīng)力對(duì)話離不開(kāi)特定語(yǔ)境，理解對(duì)話內(nèi)容首先就要辨認(rèn)語(yǔ)境相關(guān)詞，然后做出合理推斷。

下面列舉出一些以地點(diǎn)為主題的詞群，這些詞群在各種聽(tīng)力考試中常常出現(xiàn)。

①School 學(xué)校

dormitory

宿舍

campus

校園

required course

必修課

department

系

scholarship

獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金

elective／optionel course 選擇課

freshman

(大學(xué))一年級(jí)學(xué)生

undergraduate

本科生

junior

(大學(xué))三年級(jí)學(xué)生

sophomore(大學(xué))二年級(jí)學(xué)生

graduate

研究生

senior

(大學(xué))四年級(jí)學(xué)生

credit

學(xué)分

language lab

語(yǔ)音室

tuition fee

學(xué)費(fèi)

paper

論文 ②Hospital 醫(yī)院

pill

藥丸

medicine

藥品

surgeon

外科醫(yī)生

capsule

膠囊 dentist

牙醫(yī)

treatment

治療

fever

發(fā)燒

vomit

嘔吐

stomachache

胃疼

emergency room 急診室

X-rays X

光

③Restaurant

餐廳

Order

點(diǎn)菜

Chicken

雞肉

fish

魚(yú)

sandwich

三明治

pizza

比薩餅

hamburger

漢堡包

pudding

布丁

beef

牛肉

noodle

面條

coffee

咖啡

soup

湯

salad

色拉 ④Hotel 旅館

check in

登記人住

receptionist

接待員

sinSleroom

單人間

suite

套間

physician

內(nèi)科醫(yī)生

operation

手術(shù)

cough

咳嗽

flu

流感

faint

昏迷

headache

頭疼

menu

菜單

reserve a table 訂一張桌位

waiter

男侍者

waitress

女侍者

customer

顧客

pay the bill

買單

fork

叉

knife

刀

spoon

勺

egg

雞蛋

tip

小費(fèi)

make a reservation

訂房間

check out

結(jié)賬離開(kāi)

receptiondesk

接待處

double room

雙人間

air-conditioner

空調(diào)

bathroom

浴室 ⑤Post office 郵局

airmail

航空信

mail；send；post

郵寄

stamp

郵票

registered letter

掛號(hào)信

parcel

包裹

overweight

超重

postal clerk

郵局職員

telegram

電報(bào)

postage

郵資 ⑥Bank銀行

cash

現(xiàn)金

overdraw

透支

savings account

戶頭

deposit money

存錢

⑦Airport 機(jī)場(chǎng)

flight number

航班號(hào)

passenger

乘客

land

著陸

passport

護(hù)照

see sb off

送行 ⑧Railway Station 火車站

one way ticket

單程車票

express

快車

⑨Telephone office 電話局

leave a message

留言

hold the line

別掛電話

ring sb up

給某人打電話

hang up

掛斷電話

have a telephone installed安裝一部電話 ⑩Library 圖書館

librarian

館員

borrow

借入

loan

借出

traveller’s check 旅行支票

credit card

信用卡

open an account

開(kāi)戶

interest

利息

flight

航班

flight schedule

航班時(shí)刻表

departure

離開(kāi)

take off

起飛

platform

站臺(tái)

round-trip ticket

往返車票

operator

接線員

long distance call 長(zhǎng)途電話

dial a number

撥號(hào)

The line is busy

占線

renew

續(xù)借

retum

歸還

library card

借書證

check out

辦手續(xù)借出

fine

罰款（11）Office辦公室

secretary

秘書

boss

老板

cmployer

雇主

manager

經(jīng)理

interviewer

面試考官

employee

雇員

job applicant

求職者

interviewee

面試者

type a letter

打印信件

qualification

資歷

arrange the file

整理文件

send a fax

發(fā)傳真

printer

打印機(jī)

computer

電腦

resulne

簡(jiǎn)歷

xerox

復(fù)印機(jī)

position；post

職位

experience

經(jīng)驗(yàn)

income

收入

以上總結(jié)并非面面俱到，做題時(shí)還會(huì)碰到其他一些對(duì)話語(yǔ)境，如cinema、shop、laundry(洗衣店)、tlavel agency(旅行社)、wedding(婚禮)、graduation(畢業(yè)典禮)等。[例1]You will hear：

W：Are these treatments really necessary?

M：I’m afraid so，Miss Jones.You’ll see some result soon．

Q：Where does this conversation most pmbably take place?

You will read：

A)In a doctor’s office．

B)In a professor’s office．

C)In a lawyyer’s office．

D)In a businessman’s office．

本題要求考生判斷對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，主要考的是理解treatmenks(治療，療法)這個(gè)詞在對(duì)話中的含義。男士的回答是：“不久你就會(huì)看到——些效果。”男士顯然是——位醫(yī)生，因此，對(duì)話最有可能發(fā)生在醫(yī)生的診所，答案是A)。[例2]You will hear：

M：I don’t have an appointment，but could I see Mr．Wang just a few minutes?

W：I’m very sorry，but he meets people only by appointment．

Q：Who is probably the woman?

You will read：

A)The man’s boss。

B)Mr．Wang’s colleague．

C)The man’s secretary．

D)Mr．Wang’s secretary．

本題測(cè)試考生辨別人物職業(yè)身份。從文中“but he meets people only by appomtment”得知“he”為老板，則可推斷說(shuō)話的“woman”為老板的秘書，正確選項(xiàng)為D)。[例3]You will hear：

W：How long will it take you to fix my watch?

M：I’ll call you when it is ready，but it shouldn’t take longer than a week．

Q：What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

You will read：

A)Librarian and student．

B)Customer and repainnan。

C)Boss and secretary。

D)Operator and caller．

本題是推斷人物關(guān)系題，句中語(yǔ)境相關(guān)詞不太明顯，但女士在詢問(wèn)中明確提到“fixmy watch”，與修理手表有關(guān)，故推知男士必然有此類專長(zhǎng)，而四組人物關(guān)系分唰是：A)圖書管理員和學(xué)生，B)顧客與修理工，C)老板和秘書，D)電話接線員和打電話者，故正確選擇項(xiàng)為B)。

(2)意義解釋推斷題

這種題型涉及到考生是否具有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功，能否一次聽(tīng)懂較復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言信息。這就要求考生通過(guò)語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)，根據(jù)對(duì)話的內(nèi)涵，利用邏輯推理的思維過(guò)程來(lái)判斷說(shuō)話人的真實(shí)意圖。

推理判斷題的典型提問(wèn)形式：

What does the man／woman mean／imply?

What do we learn from the conversation?

What call be concluded from the conversation? [例1]You will hear：

W：0h，heHo．I’m calling about an invoice you’ve sent us．

M：I’m afraid this office doesn’t deal with invoices．

Q：What does the man mean?

‘

You will read：

A)He couldn’t find the invoice the woman wanted．

B)The woman called the wrong department．

C)He wasa’t sure about the affair．

D)The woman shouldn’t bother him．

此題要求考生根據(jù)對(duì)話推斷出男士講話的含義。對(duì)話中女士想要了解有關(guān)發(fā)票(invoice)一事，而男士卻說(shuō)本部門與發(fā)票一事無(wú)關(guān)。因而在4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，惟有B)最合題意，是本題的正確答案。[例2]You will hear：

M：Could you tell me the train schedule to London?

W：There is a train going to London every hour from 6 a．m to 8 p．m.0：What do we know about the man?

You will read：

A)He will soon leave London．

B)He is on board a train．

C)He is going to take a trip.D)He is late for the train．

本題要求考生根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容對(duì)男士的行為作出推斷。男士要了解前往倫敦的火車時(shí)刻表，女士告訴他上午6點(diǎn)到晚上8點(diǎn)每小時(shí)一班，選項(xiàng)A)、B)、D)與對(duì)話情景不符，故答案為選項(xiàng)C)。[例3]You will hear：

W：Hello，Mr walters，is there anything l can do for you?

M：I’d like to see Mr．Benson about your company’s new product．

0：What does Mr walters want?

You will read：

A)To sell a product to Mr．Benson．

B)To invite Mr.Benson to his company.C)TO discuss something with Mr.Benson．

D)To place an order with Benson’s company．

答案為選項(xiàng)C)。此題測(cè)試考生理解信息的能力，題目要求回答Mf．Waiters到公司來(lái)有什么事，而男土在回答中說(shuō)：“我想就貴公司的新產(chǎn)品與MrBenson見(jiàn)一面。”選項(xiàng)A)、B)和D)都屬于主觀推測(cè)，缺乏事實(shí)根據(jù)。[例4]You will hear：

W：Who’s your new secretary，Tom?

M：Miss Brown．I’m very，pleased with the work she’s been doing so far．

Q：What do we know about Tom’s secretary?

You will read：

A)She’s not efficient．

B)She’s often late．

C)She’s capable．

D)She’s honest．

本題測(cè)試考生推測(cè)理解的能力，要求考生能聽(tīng)懂男士說(shuō)話的深層含義。首先必須抓住關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，通過(guò)其表層意思去發(fā)掘深層意思。男士在談話中指出，“到目前為止，我對(duì)她所做的工作非常滿意”，不言而喻，這個(gè)秘書是非常有能力的，所以選項(xiàng)C)是正確答案了。

3．對(duì)話部分解題技巧

(1)信息預(yù)測(cè)及推理

對(duì)話聽(tīng)力錄音一次放完，實(shí)考中氣氛緊張，如果考生不能全神貫注，思維靈活，消除被動(dòng)迎戰(zhàn)，往往會(huì)反應(yīng)遲緩，措手不及，落入出題者預(yù)先設(shè)置的一系列陷阱中。改變這一種被動(dòng)狀態(tài)的最好方法是進(jìn)行聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)，與speakers搶時(shí)間，利用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和洞察力推測(cè)關(guān)鍵信息和考查的內(nèi)容，做到知己知彼。

(2)注意關(guān)鍵信息指示語(yǔ)

從對(duì)話的出題習(xí)慣可以看出第二個(gè)speaker所說(shuō)的話至關(guān)重要，而且通常對(duì)第一個(gè)speaker的話進(jìn)行解釋、補(bǔ)充或回答，在其中設(shè)置——些詞組、慣用語(yǔ)、特殊表達(dá)，有時(shí)用較長(zhǎng)的句子來(lái)考驗(yàn)考生的反應(yīng)速度和準(zhǔn)確性，出題者常常會(huì)在第二個(gè)speaker的言語(yǔ)中設(shè)置一個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息提示語(yǔ)，提醒考生：要問(wèn)的話即將發(fā)生，應(yīng)集中精力聽(tīng)好這句話。

關(guān)鍵信息提示語(yǔ)往往是具有邏輯關(guān)系的某些連詞和過(guò)渡語(yǔ)，可以用來(lái)表轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系、建議等。如but，however，instead，no，not really，yet，to be honest，because，why not，asfar as I know，as a matter of fact，等。

[例1] W：Do you mind if I open the window?

M：As a matter of fact，I’m feeling a bit cold．

Q：What does the man want the woman to do?

答案為：Leave the window closed．

[例2] M：I hear you didn’t buy the coat.Did it cost too much?

W：No，I had enough money and I wanted to buy it，But they didn’t have my size．

Q：Why didn’t the woman buy the coat?

答案為：It didn't fit her．

三、短文部分應(yīng)試技巧

短文部分聽(tīng)力包括Section B和Section C。

Section B題型一般有5個(gè)題，分別安排在兩段較長(zhǎng)會(huì)話或短文之后。每段會(huì)話或短文只讀一遍，然后就其內(nèi)容提問(wèn)，內(nèi)容一般為交際會(huì)話、講演、敘事、淪述等，每篇長(zhǎng)度一般為100個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞左右。Section C通常給出長(zhǎng)度為130個(gè)詞左右的短文，要求考生聽(tīng)完錄音后就短文回答5個(gè)問(wèn)題，通常每一個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案都已經(jīng)給出一兩個(gè)信息詞。Section C這種題型考查學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力、邏輯思維能力，以及包括語(yǔ)法和詞匯在內(nèi)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用及書面表達(dá)能力，它是集聽(tīng)、讀、寫于一體的測(cè)試題型。這種題型使試題形式主客觀相結(jié)合，從而進(jìn)一步提高考試的信度和效度，使其更加科學(xué)、完善。短文部分主要考查考生聽(tīng)懂材料、抓住材料的主要內(nèi)容和重要細(xì)節(jié)，并且加以歸納總結(jié)乃至推斷的能力。如果說(shuō)聽(tīng)力部分是整個(gè)試卷中的難點(diǎn)，那么短文理解則是難中之難，很多考生聽(tīng)而生畏，做而卻步，甚至有的考生干脆放棄了該題。那么它究竟難在何處?應(yīng)采取何種對(duì)策? 1．難點(diǎn)分析

①對(duì)話部分要求對(duì)語(yǔ)句理解，而短文部分則屬于語(yǔ)篇水平理解，更強(qiáng)調(diào)整體性和邏輯性，考生不僅要聽(tīng)懂，而且要概括、分析、綜合、記憶所聽(tīng)到的信息，這一系列活動(dòng)都要在十幾秒鐘內(nèi)完成。

②對(duì)話部分內(nèi)容涉及的不過(guò)是日常生活中人人都經(jīng)歷了的事件；而短文部分內(nèi)容包羅萬(wàn)象，人文科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)、自然科學(xué)應(yīng)有盡有。有的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)一部分考生是第一次了解，知識(shí)性強(qiáng)，話題變化大，考生幾乎完全處于被動(dòng)狀態(tài)。從某種意義上說(shuō)，考生是在通過(guò)聽(tīng)力形式接觸新東西。

③對(duì)話部分用詞簡(jiǎn)單，結(jié)構(gòu)日常化，而短文部分因其內(nèi)容決定了其用詞面廣，信息量大，相當(dāng)于準(zhǔn)書面語(yǔ)言。

④對(duì)話部分問(wèn)題拐彎抹角，答案在錄音材料中交待得比較含蓄婉轉(zhuǎn)，而短文部分問(wèn)題直接，答案在材料中表現(xiàn)得比較明確。

⑤對(duì)話部分選擇項(xiàng)在音、形、義上對(duì)錄音原文干擾性強(qiáng)，考生必須掌握其同義、近義、反義、近音、近形詞，短文部分選擇項(xiàng)對(duì)原文干擾作用小。2．提問(wèn)形式

短文部分的提問(wèn)形式主要分為兩大類：主題類和細(xì)節(jié)類。主題類即對(duì)短文的中心思想、主旨大意進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，細(xì)節(jié)類即對(duì)短文中所涉及的情節(jié)、人物、事件的因與果進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。

①主題類問(wèn)題

What is the main topic／idea of the passage?

What is the best title of the passage?

What does the story imply?

What can we learn／infer from the passage?

②細(xì)節(jié)類問(wèn)題

What is the reason for??

Where does the??

How does sb feel about??

When does??

Why?? 3．解題技巧

①聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)。聽(tīng)前掃視選擇項(xiàng)，預(yù)測(cè)短文內(nèi)容和可能提出的問(wèn)題，考生可利用Direetion的播放時(shí)間快速搶讀卷面上的選擇項(xiàng)，尋找重復(fù)率高的詞，并將這些詞在意義上串聯(lián)起來(lái)，運(yùn)用自己的知識(shí)和判斷力，初步確定文章內(nèi)容。然后捕捉選項(xiàng)之間的不同點(diǎn)，從而對(duì)提問(wèn)作大致判斷。

②注意開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾，抓住主題思想。短文雖短，但也像一部結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膽騽。行蚰弧⒄归_(kāi)和結(jié)局，序幕即開(kāi)頭最為重要，文章的主題一般在開(kāi)頭交待。因此，聽(tīng)懂了開(kāi)頭一兩句，至少能答對(duì)1-2題。

③仔細(xì)聆聽(tīng)細(xì)節(jié)，理清文章的脈絡(luò)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，提問(wèn)的順序和錄音原文內(nèi)容的展開(kāi)基本同步。考生可按錄音的進(jìn)展順序閱讀選擇項(xiàng)，根據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)的問(wèn)題，初步圈定答案范圍。這樣，問(wèn)題一旦提出，即可迅速作出選擇，騰出時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)向下題。

④聽(tīng)懂問(wèn)題是關(guān)鍵，否則，即使聽(tīng)懂原文也可能答非所問(wèn)，前功盡棄。

⑤聽(tīng)后檢查，核對(duì)答案在意義上的邏輯連貫性。每篇短文的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題雖然各不相同，但出自同一篇文章，在邏輯意義上應(yīng)該是連貫的。如果問(wèn)題的答案相互矛盾，那么肯定其中有錯(cuò)。

⑥如果漏聽(tīng)某一句或遇到生詞，不要慌亂，留意“thatis”，“in other words”，“namely"等解釋性詞句，追加理解錯(cuò)過(guò)的或不懂的內(nèi)容。

⑦在做長(zhǎng)對(duì)話及段落理解時(shí)，考生往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)下列反應(yīng)：

a．有兩三個(gè)單詞沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，導(dǎo)致后面的句子都聽(tīng)不進(jìn)去。

b．有某個(gè)長(zhǎng)單詞似乎記得，為了回憶起該單詞，一下錯(cuò)過(guò)了三四句話，因小失大。

c．第一句總是聽(tīng)不進(jìn)去，段落讀到快一半了，才逐漸進(jìn)入狀態(tài)。

d．段落句型太復(fù)雜，只能把若干單詞記住，就是不知道句子在說(shuō)什么。

e．只顧看選項(xiàng)，聽(tīng)到的信息一個(gè)也沒(méi)記住。

f．每一句話都仔細(xì)聽(tīng)，而且聽(tīng)懂了，只是看選項(xiàng)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)都沒(méi)記住。

根據(jù)上述障礙，建議日常訓(xùn)練方法——跟讀。其練習(xí)過(guò)程如下：

Stepl：每聽(tīng)完一個(gè)句子按下暫停鍵，復(fù)述聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。

Step2：每聽(tīng)完兩三個(gè)句子按下暫停鍵，復(fù)述聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。

Step3：聽(tīng)完一個(gè)完整的長(zhǎng)對(duì)話或段落后讓錄音停止，復(fù)述或概述全部?jī)?nèi)容。

第三篇：專升本考試英語(yǔ)寫作輔導(dǎo)資料

專升本考試英語(yǔ)寫作輔導(dǎo)資料

一、說(shuō)明文Exposition型

1）Hot Issue型 模板一 1

With the development of modern industry,more and more people are concerned about the

problem that ______________(主題問(wèn)題).Accordingly,_______________________________(伴隨主題問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的新問(wèn)題)is becoming more and more serious.Confronted with ___________________________(主題問(wèn)題), weshould take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For onething, _____________________________(解決方法 1).For another, _________________________________(解決方法 2).Finally，_________________________________(解決方法 3).As far as I am concerned, the best way outis ________________________(解決方法 4).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future isawaiting us because ____________________(解決方法4的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和好處).模板二 2

With the development of the society, withthe advent of _____________(相關(guān)事物或現(xiàn)象), we have to face a problem that______________________(主題問(wèn)題).What are the reasons for it? In thefollowing paragraphs, I’ll venture to explore the reasons.To

start with, _____________________(闡述原因 1).Moreover,________________________(闡述原因 2).In addition,____________________________________(闡述原因3).Inview of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken.Forone thing, it is

high time that people all over Chinarealized the importance of __________________(解決主題問(wèn)題).For another, the government should issuestrict laws and regulations in order to put the situation under control.2）圖表型

模板一（適用于單一圖表題型）1

As is seen from the table / graph / chart,_____________(圖表所描述的事物 A)ascent

significantly from __________(數(shù)字 1)in __________(年份 1)to ____________(數(shù)字 2)in __________(年份 2)while over the same period,_______________(圖表所描述的事物 B)shrank slightly from _________(數(shù)字

3)to ___________(數(shù)字 4).It can be observed easilythat _____________________________________(分析圖表所反映的問(wèn)題).There are many reasons responsible forthis.In the following paragraphs, I’ll venture to explore the reasons.For one thing, _________________(原因 1).For another, ________________(原因 2).Inaddition, _________________________(原因3).However, this table / graph / chart may notpredict the entire situation in the future, I believe ____________________________________(前瞻性預(yù)測(cè)和展望).模板二（適用于多 2個(gè)圖表題型）1

The figure of the first graph shows that________________________(簡(jiǎn)述圖表 1概況)while thefigure of the second graph shows that _____________________(簡(jiǎn)述圖表 2概況).The relationship

between these two figures warns us that________________________________(指出兩表所反映的問(wèn)題).However, there are many effective methodsto _____________(解決這一問(wèn)題).For instance，___________________(解決方法 1).At the same time,________________________(解決方法 2).In a word, ________________________________(總結(jié)).As far asI am concerned, the more we

80% of them 贊成這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的影響)。

There might be some element of truth inthese people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel noreservation to conclude that 與錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)。

There are a number of reasons behind mybelief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。

3．社會(huì)問(wèn)題(現(xiàn)象)式：

A．一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題或者現(xiàn)象 B．產(chǎn)生的原因

C．對(duì)社會(huì)和我們生活的影響 D．如何杜絕。

(如果是問(wèn)題的話)E．前景的預(yù)測(cè)。

Nowadays, there exists an increasinglyserious social/ economic/ environmental problem.(X has increasingly become acommon concern of the public).According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說(shuō)明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。(或者是一個(gè)例子)。

There are a couple of reasons booming thisproblem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文寫法。

X has caused substantial impact on thesociety and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take toprevent X from bringing us more harm.同上

Based on the above discussions, I caneasily forecast that more and more people will ……..辯論式議論文

模版 1

Some people believe(argue, recognize,think)that 觀點(diǎn)

1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 觀點(diǎn)

2.As for me, I agree to the former/latteridea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 論據(jù)

1.More importantly, 論據(jù)

2.Most important of all, 論據(jù)

3.In summary, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).As acollege student, I am supposed to 表決心.或:From above,we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè).模版 2

People hold different views about X.Somepeople are of the opinion that 觀點(diǎn)

1, while others point out that 觀點(diǎn)

2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latteropinion holds more weight.For one thing, 論據(jù)

1.For another, 論據(jù)

2.Last but not the least, 論據(jù)

3.To conclude, 總結(jié)觀

點(diǎn).As acollege student, I am supposed to 表決心.或

From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè).模版 3

There is no consensus of opinions among peopleabout X(爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn))。

Some people are of the view that 觀點(diǎn)

1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點(diǎn)

2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion ispreferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 論據(jù)Furthermore, 論據(jù)

2。Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.Thatis, 論據(jù)

3。A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè).三、范文

However, other people harbor oppositepoints of view.Their reasoning is as follows.Firstly, having a leadingposition in business does not solely depend on passion and courage.Managementskills and mature personality weigh highly to ensure that a venture cansurvive, but some students don't possess these necessities.Secondly, learningas much as possible when one is young is vital to one's later development.Theydoubt whether suspending one's study is worthwhile.In my view, to suspend college study tolaunch one's own career should be either encouraged or curbed.The ambitiousstudents need to give themselves an objective evaluation before they'redetermined to be an entrepreneur right now.Certainly, it should not be thebest choice of the majority of the students.4．環(huán)境污染

Environmental Pollution

1）環(huán)境污染的情形，包括空氣、環(huán)境、河流等污染的情形及原因；

2)）討論怎樣治理和預(yù)防污染；

3)保護(hù)環(huán)境是每個(gè)公民的職責(zé)。

Environmental problem is extremely cared bythe world now.Regretful to say, the situation of

pollutions is rather serious.For onething, because of the exhaust of motor vehicles, the air of almost all the bigcities is badly polluted.For the other, owing to the rapid industrialization,environments and rivers are also seriously polluted.In substance, many of ushave deeply suffered from the harm caused by the pollutions.As matters stand, it’s high time for us tosettle the problems of pollutions.On account of the overproduction of vehiclesand chemical factories, they should be sharply disused, reduced, and limitedaccording to the related regulations.In the similar way, the disposal ofrubbish and wastes cannot be overvalued.It’s a duty for every citizen of the worldto protect the environment.Everyone should coordinate the government’s policyto eliminate the pollutions.5．互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

Internet

1）因特網(wǎng)在生活中逐漸普及；

2）因特網(wǎng)給人們生活帶來(lái)的影響（好的方面，不好的方面）；

3)你的觀點(diǎn)。

Nowadays, Internet is becoming very popularin all walks of life.On the one hand, statistics show

that the number of people who apply to haveaccess to Internet doubles every six months.On the other hand, Internet isemployed in business, government agencies, and educational sections.Internet brings us a both advantages anddisadvantages.The advantages are as the following.Firstly, we can communicatewith our friends more rapidly and quickly.Secondly, Internet brings us fun.For example, many websites open chat rooms where we can talk with differentpeople and make new friends.Finally, many businessmen are taking so-calledbusiness seriously on the net.The Internet also has its disadvantages, just asa coin has two sides.In the first place, some people may linger too long onthe net while neglecting their work or study.In the second place, some columnson the net may have a negative influence on the youth electronic commerce.In my opinion, Internet becomes an integralpart of our lives, but it is certainly not everything.Living in the 21st century, we need to makegood use of the new tool-Internet, but it is just a tool, not life itself.Weshould not depend on it too much, nor should we ignore it deliberately.6．貸款

Loan

1）現(xiàn)今，在高校通過(guò)助學(xué)貸款完成學(xué)業(yè)的學(xué)生越來(lái)越多；

2）但是有些學(xué)生畢業(yè)后沒(méi)有能力或拒絕按時(shí)還貸；

3）你認(rèn)為貸款的學(xué)生如何對(duì)待還貸問(wèn)題。

On Paying back Student Loans Nowadays，student loans provided bystate-owned commercial banks are available to more and more college students.The money may not be much but it is timely support for those who

allowed tocontinue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by westerntraditions.Nobody expects such a consequence.So let’s join hand in hand toprotect Chinese tradition, especially traditional holidays.9．兼職

Part-time Job

1）有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生應(yīng)作業(yè)余兼職；

2）有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生兼職有很多弊端；

3）你的觀點(diǎn)。

Many college students take part-time jobsin their spare time.Whether it is good or bad is still subject to constant debate.Some people believe that taking a part timejob certainly brings about several advantages.To

begin with, students can learn how to getalong with people and know the society better by taking a part time job.Furthermore, to take a part-time job provides the students with a valuableopportunity to put what he has learned from books into practice.Finally,students can make some money, which helps to unload their families' financialburden.However, problems may also arise.Firstly,some students spend too much time doing part|time jobs while neglecting theirstudies.Secondly, when taking part-time jobs, the students may be distractedfrom their studies by the colorful lives in the society.Thirdly, some studentsmay be cheated or hurt by their employers, because they don't know how toprotect themselves.As for me, I share the view that collegestudents need to step out of the campus and take some part time jobs if theirschedule permits.After all, it opens them a window to know about the society,which is essential to their maturity.10.虛假證書的危害

The Bad Effects of Fake Diplomas

1）學(xué)歷證書造假普遍存在并且愈演愈烈；

2）學(xué)歷證書造假的危害；

3）如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

There has been a serious epidemic of fakediplomas in some big cities recently.Obviously, its

appearance and development involve twoparts: the demander and the supplier.People who do not have the necessarydiploma to get a desire job naturally thin of this short cut, especially whenso many profit-driven people make fake diplomas so easily available.Usually acertificate of Bachelor’s Degree costs about 200 yuan, which is really cheapcompared with the 4 years of hard work and the pretty big sum of fees involvedin normal ways of getting the diploma.The victims of fake diplomas are firstof all employers, who pay high salaries but do not get real talents.By and by,his business will suffer, and it takes time and money to fine another one whomay or may not hold a real degree.People who have genuine diplomas are alsohurt greatly.They have honestly spent 4 or even more years and great energyworking hard in schools, but cannot get any advantage in job hunting.Thus,actually this phenomenon may encourage people to cheat instead of acquiring adegree honestly.To combat the epidemic, we should stopputting ever more emphasis on the academic achievement of job or promotioncandidates.Instead, practical ability and individual personality should berecognized as important factors of excellent job performance.Besides,effective measures supported by advanced IT technology should be introduced andtaken to help employers distinguish genuine diplomas from fake ones.Once thedemand disappears, the supply will be gone too

作文類型

校園生活: psychological problems among college students;staying healthy;myopinion of today’s education社會(huì)生活：global shortage of fresh water;Environment pollution/protection ofEnvironment;the prevalence of western holidays;make our city greener

書信/敘事描寫:an unforgettable party;a volunteer experience

諺語(yǔ)類: where there is a will;there is a way;practice makes perfect

第四篇：淺談高職高專英語(yǔ)寫作

淺談高職高專英語(yǔ)寫作簡(jiǎn)陽(yáng)市云龍職中 鄒長(zhǎng)平

英語(yǔ)寫作是測(cè)評(píng)學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)綜合知識(shí)掌握的途徑之一，學(xué)生是否能用英語(yǔ)順利來(lái)表達(dá)，可以反饋其對(duì)英語(yǔ)的掌握程度。根據(jù)《高職高專英語(yǔ)課程教學(xué)基本要求》，要求高職高專學(xué)生在考試時(shí)，30分鐘內(nèi)寫出60-80字的英語(yǔ)短文。

而“英語(yǔ)寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔的給分范圍和要求：第一檔，完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)，覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容；第二檔，應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；第三檔，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致；第四檔，有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；第五檔，完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的，有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。”

針對(duì)上述要求，我們今天來(lái)探討一下如何提高英語(yǔ)寫作能力。我們知道，在日常教學(xué)過(guò)程中，我們常見(jiàn)的作文命題形式有以下幾種：

圖表式作文。圖表式作文所給出的大致有表格、數(shù)軸圖、和圓形圖等。這就要求同學(xué)們首先要讀懂圖表，然后根據(jù)理解到的信息來(lái)形成文字材料。做圖表式作文時(shí)，一定要仔細(xì)解讀圖表，準(zhǔn)確把握?qǐng)D表傳遞的信息，將其擴(kuò)展成文。

圖畫式作文。這類作文通常是給出一幅或幾幅圖畫，聯(lián)想圖畫的信息來(lái)組成文段。圖畫式作文一般為記敘文體，我們只需按照?qǐng)D畫的順序描述其基本內(nèi)容即可。

圖表式作文和圖畫式作文都是較難的題型之一，考生可以根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容的不同采用不同的段落發(fā)展方式。如果寫作以描述為主，即按空間方位或時(shí)間先后順序排列。，寫作時(shí)考生應(yīng)該把圖畫所蘊(yùn)涵的意義在首段告訴讀者，當(dāng)然也可以在首段描述圖畫內(nèi)涵的社會(huì)背景，為下個(gè)段落的點(diǎn)題作好鋪墊。

提綱式作文。這類作文的特點(diǎn)是題中給出漢語(yǔ)或英語(yǔ)提示信息，即給出要點(diǎn)或提綱。同學(xué)們只能圍繞提示信息來(lái)表達(dá)，不能過(guò)度地隨意發(fā)揮。在做提綱式英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)，首先要認(rèn)真分析提示信息，抓住寫作主旨或主題。只有按照題目所給的提示信息來(lái)組織作文。

社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)式作文。這類作文主要考察我們對(duì)社會(huì)事實(shí)熱點(diǎn)的關(guān)心。如：環(huán)保，生活和國(guó)家重大事件等。

盡管學(xué)生學(xué)英語(yǔ)有幾年了，但由于缺乏使用英語(yǔ)的環(huán)境和其它原因，他們運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)作文的能力低下，多數(shù)學(xué)生不能自由地流暢地用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。這與我們教與學(xué)兩方面都存在問(wèn)題有關(guān)：

一方面，我們老師在英語(yǔ)寫作上的教學(xué)有疏忽，主要是：

首先，老師對(duì)英語(yǔ)寫作的教學(xué)沒(méi)有計(jì)劃。有些教師對(duì)平常的英語(yǔ)作文布置隨意，沒(méi)有考慮先后難易，也沒(méi)有針對(duì)性分類作文練習(xí)。或者有的老師為了給自己減少負(fù)擔(dān)，干脆就不布置英語(yǔ)作文。

還有，就是老師對(duì)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)作文批改方式單一或不重視學(xué)生批改作文。有的老師雖然在學(xué)生作文中作了各種批注，但沒(méi)有歸納統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)生的共性優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，沒(méi)有備足課，所以講評(píng)時(shí)只是憑印象。或者舍不得花時(shí)間給學(xué)生相互批改作文，這使得學(xué)生失去了許多發(fā)現(xiàn)別人同時(shí)又是自己錯(cuò)誤的機(jī)會(huì)。

要么，就是老師忽視英語(yǔ)作文的講評(píng)拓展。英語(yǔ)作文講評(píng)不只是讓學(xué)生抄或背范文。更重要的是讓學(xué)生知道同類作文思考的方向和寫作的方法。

另一方面，我們的學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)，由于對(duì)課本和知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握的不牢，對(duì)常用句型不熟悉，常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一下幾種錯(cuò)誤：

1、句子結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單單調(diào)，缺乏一定的修飾。

2、由于受母語(yǔ)的影響，有些同學(xué)寫英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)用漢式英語(yǔ)，如，I very like English.甚至有些英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)好的學(xué)生也會(huì)時(shí)而寫出語(yǔ)義不清，主謂不明的句子。

3、學(xué)生詞匯量給不上，有的學(xué)生連常用的單詞都不會(huì)拼寫或弄混淆。如：feel的過(guò)去式寫為fell, buy寫成by, eat的ing形式寫成eatting等。有的學(xué)生找不到恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~來(lái)表達(dá)意思,就用拼音代替，有的學(xué)生不管英語(yǔ)詞匯的詞性和用法，只要其漢語(yǔ)意思相同就用上。如,I came true my predict(我實(shí)現(xiàn)了我的夢(mèng)想).4、不會(huì)用多種詞匯和句型表達(dá)同一意思。如：“喜歡”有多種表達(dá)：like, enjoy, be interested in, be fond of, prefer等。

5、刻意追求復(fù)雜句式。有些學(xué)生一味追求復(fù)雜句式，他們寫的作文從頭到尾都是長(zhǎng)句和復(fù)合句，以此來(lái)顯示他們的能力。其實(shí)，英語(yǔ)寫作只要修飾得當(dāng)，應(yīng)盡量用單句，少用復(fù)合句。

因此，結(jié)合上述問(wèn)題，要提高英語(yǔ)寫作，我們認(rèn)為我們平常在教學(xué)中應(yīng)從以下幾方面著手：

加強(qiáng)詞匯量的積累。學(xué)生只有具備了充分的英語(yǔ)詞匯量，才能滿足寫的需要。教師要幫助督促學(xué)生每天背單詞，教給學(xué)生記憶單詞的方法，如，根據(jù)讀音記、根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法記、閱讀記憶、聯(lián)想記憶、分類記憶等。師生還要共同堅(jiān)持，持之以恒。

強(qiáng)調(diào)簡(jiǎn)單句的訓(xùn)練。英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句共有六種句型，即：（1）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；（2）主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；（3）主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)；（4）主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)；（5）主謂賓賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）there be結(jié)構(gòu)。這六種基本句型是復(fù)雜句子的基礎(chǔ)，任何復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)都是由簡(jiǎn)單句組成的。所以，我要求學(xué)生首先會(huì)寫簡(jiǎn)單句。

注重語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系練習(xí)。常用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)有：主謂關(guān)系一致、系表結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。在平常的背誦和寫作中要隨時(shí)注意。

固定句型訓(xùn)練。英語(yǔ)教材中有許多固定句型，熟練運(yùn)用這些句型能使自己的作文更具文采。例如，中學(xué)階段學(xué)了無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)it作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)的句型，there be句型

注重時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)訓(xùn)練。英語(yǔ)句子離不開(kāi)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，這是中英文的一個(gè)不同。很多學(xué)生受中文影響，常常忘了考慮謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。我的訓(xùn)練方法是分類型各個(gè)擊破，比如，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)。訓(xùn)練的方法和步驟同簡(jiǎn)單句的訓(xùn)練。

經(jīng)典優(yōu)美語(yǔ)句語(yǔ)段的背誦。只有腦袋里面有了相似的優(yōu)美語(yǔ)句語(yǔ)段，才能將其轉(zhuǎn)換為自己的語(yǔ)言。

背范文，多仿寫。背范文是許多師生都采用的方法。但有一點(diǎn)要強(qiáng)調(diào)：學(xué)生一定要在寫過(guò)之后再背才更有效。仿寫一般放在句型訓(xùn)練之后。學(xué)生模仿背過(guò)的范文，套用其中的詞匯、句型和連接詞，既有助于鞏固前面的句型訓(xùn)練，又有助于增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的自信。

同時(shí)，在作文時(shí)應(yīng)該遵循一定的順序和方法。

一認(rèn)真審題, 寫好提綱。

很多學(xué)生不愿打草稿列提綱，認(rèn)為這是耽誤時(shí)間，其實(shí)這是認(rèn)識(shí)的不到位。相反打草稿列提綱既有助于節(jié)約寫作時(shí)間，又能幫助我們減少寫作錯(cuò)誤。每次考試中每次都有人審錯(cuò)題、漏寫要點(diǎn)、錯(cuò)寫要點(diǎn)，如果列提綱的話，這些問(wèn)題都可避免。

在正式寫作文時(shí), 可參照以下步驟:

認(rèn)真審題, 確定題目中的關(guān)鍵詞。

對(duì)該題引申出各種聯(lián)想和“找關(guān)系”。

根據(jù)已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和詞匯量選擇自己最熟悉、最有把握的方面和論點(diǎn)來(lái)寫作。

確定基本的寫作時(shí)態(tài), 如記敘文通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

對(duì)于有能力的同學(xué), 注意不能通篇均用簡(jiǎn)單句型, 可適當(dāng)引入初中的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)如狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)等,這會(huì)使作文錦上添花。

另外，當(dāng)作文要點(diǎn)都寫全而沒(méi)有達(dá)到規(guī)定字?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，一定要緊扣要點(diǎn)“無(wú)事生非，沒(méi)話找話說(shuō)”。

二通讀全文, 仔細(xì)檢查

當(dāng)整篇作文寫完, 一定要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的檢查, 主謂是否一致，注意使句子是否流暢, 時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用是否準(zhǔn)確, 單詞拼寫是否正確, 冠詞運(yùn)用是否正確, 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)是否正確, 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)無(wú)誤。

在了解英語(yǔ)作文的基本解題技巧后, 我們?cè)谝貏e提出學(xué)生作

文時(shí)的幾種誤區(qū)，值得大家注意：

有句話叫“言多必失”，所以英語(yǔ)作文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜, 學(xué)生越容易出錯(cuò)。因此，英語(yǔ)作文的句子宜短不宜長(zhǎng), 結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)單。不寫出幾個(gè)復(fù)合句不足以反映自己的英語(yǔ)水平的想法與作法往往使錯(cuò)誤更多, 適得其反。

其次，英語(yǔ)作文不是對(duì)英漢互譯。考生做英語(yǔ)作文時(shí), 不死盯某個(gè)漢字不放,不能死扣漢語(yǔ)字眼, 重要是弄清英語(yǔ)意思就意表達(dá)，不去刻意追求華麗的詞藻。

另外，英語(yǔ)有其約定俗成的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方法,不可隨意更改和瞎編。我們?cè)谧鲇⒄Z(yǔ)作文時(shí),要警惕違背固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。

最后，“不要在一棵樹(shù)上吊死”，英語(yǔ)作文題是考察學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力手段之一，同一意思可用不同方法表達(dá)。在英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)應(yīng)開(kāi)闊思路，在表達(dá)方式中選擇出最熟悉、最有把握得分的一種去做題, 沒(méi)有把握的詞匯或句子最好不用。

淺

談

高

職

高

專

英

語(yǔ)

寫

作

簡(jiǎn)陽(yáng)市云龍職中 鄒長(zhǎng)平2012年5月

第五篇：英語(yǔ)寫作輔導(dǎo)

英語(yǔ)寫作輔導(dǎo)

英語(yǔ)短文的結(jié)構(gòu)及段落的組織

一、短文的結(jié)構(gòu)

文章、段落、句子、詞組、單詞

從文到段，從段到句，是篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的主要內(nèi)容。

了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，是進(jìn)行寫作的必備常識(shí)。

一篇文章通常可分為以下三種段落：

(一)引言段(Introductory Paragraph)：向讀者介紹此片文章的主題及背景材料。在文中起到開(kāi)宗明義，即“啟”的作用，是全文的主題所在。

(二)主題段(Body Paragraph(s))：也叫正文，是文章的主體部分，也是情節(jié)發(fā)展、事實(shí)說(shuō)明或者層層遞進(jìn)的部分，把要論述的，具體而明晰。文章內(nèi)容要具有 一致性、連貫性，在文章中起到“承”和“轉(zhuǎn)”的作用。

(三)結(jié)尾段(Conclusion Paragraph)：也叫結(jié)束語(yǔ)，是由通篇文章所得出的簡(jiǎn)短結(jié)論，或者事情發(fā)展到了最后一個(gè)情節(jié)，即故事的結(jié)束、結(jié)局、其作用是概括全文內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或者肯定文章的中心思想，用以加深印象，在文章中起到“合”的作用。

二、文章的段落

段落是英語(yǔ)作文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)單位，是文章中相對(duì)獨(dú)立的一個(gè)部分。

段落與文章的三個(gè)組成部分相對(duì)應(yīng)，通常由三個(gè)部分組成：主題句、發(fā)展句和結(jié)尾句。短文寫作的技巧與套路

一、寫作步驟

1.多讀多練 充分準(zhǔn)備 2.細(xì)讀指令 認(rèn)真審題 3.理清思路 構(gòu)思布局 4.精選素材 列出提綱 5.動(dòng)筆寫作 組織成文 6.用詞簡(jiǎn)潔 篇幅適中 7.認(rèn)真檢查 仔細(xì)修改

二、寫作套路 1.寫作類型 1)現(xiàn)象闡釋型

通常要求考生對(duì)某一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，分析其原因并加以評(píng)論。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：首先描述現(xiàn)象并說(shuō)明其現(xiàn)狀；然后分析這種現(xiàn)象的原因或相關(guān)因素；最后提出建議或總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。典型題目如：

Why College Students Have Difficulty Finding Jobs?

Why College Students Take a Part-time Job?

Chatting on Line

2)問(wèn)題解決型

通常要求考生從試題的提示行文字入手，描述其反映出的問(wèn)題，提出解決方案或應(yīng)對(duì)措施。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：首先引出要解決的問(wèn)題及其嚴(yán)重性或必要性，并簡(jiǎn)要分析其產(chǎn)生的原因或帶來(lái)的危害和影響；然后提出解決問(wèn)題的辦法或措施；最后表明自己的態(tài)度，提出建議并展望前景。典型題目如下： How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic How to Succeed in a Job Interview How I Finance My College Life Staying Healthy hatting on Line 3）對(duì)比選擇型

這類作文的標(biāo)志十分明顯，其要求比較明確，即直接要求考生比較兩種觀點(diǎn)或兩種做法，進(jìn)而表明自己對(duì)問(wèn)題或事物的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)，也就是做出選擇。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)：首先對(duì)要評(píng)論的事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行整體介紹；然后陳述兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)或做法及其理由;之后表明自己的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。典型題目如： It Pays to Be Honest Should Education Be Commercialized? Choose a Famous University or a Favorite Major? Reading Selective or Extensively? 4）利弊評(píng)述型

此類作文要求考生客觀地分析和評(píng)論某一事物的正反兩方面，或在某一問(wèn)題上反映出的兩種不同看法，并不需要明確表明態(tài)度，說(shuō)明事物的對(duì)與錯(cuò)，尤其是會(huì)有較大爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題，可采用平衡利弊的態(tài)度，提出某種希望和設(shè)想。典型題目如： The Positive and Negative Aspects of Skyscrapers The Development of a Private Car Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good LUCK? College Life in Internet Era My View on Examination 5)觀點(diǎn)論證型

此類作文一般要求考生根據(jù)題目所給的論點(diǎn)，按照題目要求通過(guò)擺事實(shí)、講道理的方式對(duì)該論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證或反駁。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：首先提出要論證或反駁的論點(diǎn)；然后提出論據(jù)對(duì)其進(jìn)行論證或反駁；最后表明自己的立場(chǎng)和看法。典型題目如：

Harmful of Fake Commodities Why I Attended College The Job I Like Best The Benefits of Making Friends of Different Kinds 2.段落類型

（1）描述段：一般首先對(duì)命題中提供的信息（如某現(xiàn)象、問(wèn)題、背景或事件）進(jìn)行提煉和概括，然后進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展描述。

（2）說(shuō)明段：主要對(duì)原因、危害、影響、作用、方法、過(guò)程等進(jìn)行分析說(shuō)明，段落的組織必須要注意以下兩點(diǎn)：一是要條理清楚，盡量使用一些比較清晰的表達(dá)方式。如說(shuō)明原因時(shí)，可以使用the main reason, what is more, as a result等短語(yǔ)，以突出文章的條理性；二是要根據(jù)標(biāo)題和提綱內(nèi)容確定合適的說(shuō)明角度和說(shuō)明方法，如說(shuō)明原因或舉例說(shuō)明等。（3）議論段：通常是考生根據(jù)文章的主題提出、論證或總結(jié)某項(xiàng)觀點(diǎn)。寫議論段時(shí)應(yīng)做到觀點(diǎn)明確、論證充分，并有令人信服的數(shù)據(jù)和例子來(lái)支持論點(diǎn)，使文章具有說(shuō)服力。議論段主要有四種：提出觀點(diǎn)段（有時(shí)是提出一種觀點(diǎn)，有時(shí)是提出兩種對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)）、論證觀點(diǎn)段、對(duì)比論證段（對(duì)兩種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比論證，有時(shí)可分成兩段來(lái)分述兩種觀點(diǎn)）和總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)段。3.寫作模板 1）現(xiàn)象闡釋型

①Nowadays, there exists a social/economic/environmental phenomenon, which has aroused great concern among people around us./ 總體現(xiàn)象has increasingly become a common concern of the public./ 總體現(xiàn)象is commonly accepted by the people from all walks of life.②According to a survey, …。

③There are a couple of reasons booming this phenomenon./This problem/phenomenon has a great effect on … ④Firstly,/above all/First of all/原因一/影響一⑤Secondly/what’s more/ furthermore（原因二/影響二）⑥Besides/Finally（原因三/影響三）

⑦As a result/ Therefore/ consequently,（結(jié)果）⑧As far as I am concerned/ As to me /In my opinion, “我”的觀點(diǎn)/態(tài)度/做法⑨furthermore,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明 ⑩Therefore/ based on the above discussions, I can conclude/ it can be concluded that…(總結(jié)全文)(1)描述段：描述現(xiàn)象 ①開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，總述現(xiàn)象

②闡釋現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)或變化(2)說(shuō)明段：闡述原因

③承上啟下，引出原因/因素/影響 ④具體闡述原因一/因素一/影響一

⑤列舉原因二/因素二/影響二（可以用例證支持）⑥列舉原因三/因素三/影響三（可以用例證支持）⑦總結(jié)以上原因或因素導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果/該現(xiàn)象的最終影響(3)議論段：表明觀點(diǎn)

⑧我對(duì)此現(xiàn)象的思考或看法（可能是個(gè)人選擇或者是對(duì)現(xiàn)象、趨勢(shì)或影響的評(píng)述）⑨進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明自己的看法或陳述理由 ⑩總結(jié)全文

例：

Cards 1.現(xiàn)代城市中持卡的人越來(lái)越多； 2.原因在于。。； 3.“我”的看法。

①Nowadays, holding cards has become a common phenomenon.②According to a survey, over 80%of people in big cities hold various kinds of cards issued by banks, restaurants, supermarkets ,etc.（描述段）③There are a number of reasons for it.④ First of all, it is convenient to consume by cards.⑤What’s more, it is safer to carry cards than cash.For example, if one’s cards are lost, the owner needn’t worry too much because no one else can get the money out without the password.⑥In addition, cards can give card holders certain privilege or discount in service.⑦Therefore, holding cards, especially among the youth, becomes fashionable recently.（說(shuō)明段）⑧ As for me, cards have a bright future.⑨With the development of science and technology, cards will become much safer and easier to use.⑩Therefore, it can be concluded that more people will use cards.(議論段，表明觀點(diǎn))

模仿練習(xí)1 ? Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags outline:

1.一次性塑料袋曾被廣泛的使用 2.造成的問(wèn)題

3.限制使用的意義 模仿練習(xí)2 ? On Power Failure ?

1．很多城市缺電現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重 ?

2．分析原因 ?

3．提出建議 模仿練習(xí)3 ? Online Education ? Outline:

1.目前網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育形成熱潮

2.我認(rèn)為這股熱潮的的原因是……

3.我對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育的評(píng)價(jià) 模仿練習(xí)4 Skipping Classes on College Campus Outline：

1.大學(xué)里逃課現(xiàn)象時(shí)有發(fā)生； 2.分析學(xué)生逃課的原因； 3.如何減少逃課現(xiàn)象 2）問(wèn)題解決型

①In recent years, increasing numbers of people關(guān)注/牽涉/參與不良現(xiàn)象或某一問(wèn)題 ②It is obvious that 危害一/作用一 ③Additionally, 危害二/作用二④therefore, special/considerable attention should be paid to 該問(wèn)題

⑤on the one hand/ firstly, 方法一 ⑥On the other hand/ secondly, 方法二⑦ In addition/ thirdly, 方法三

⑧Of course, following these suggestions/methods may not surely solve the problem, but it is worth of trying ⑨As for me/ in my opinion, “我”的思考或看法 ⑩Only in this way… 倒裝句總結(jié)全文/undoubtedly, it is necessary/ essential… 根本途徑(1)描述段：描述問(wèn)題

①開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，綜述不良現(xiàn)象或某一問(wèn)題 ②問(wèn)題的危害一/解決問(wèn)題的作用一 ③問(wèn)題的危害二/解決問(wèn)題的作用二

④承上啟下，表達(dá)解決問(wèn)題的必要性和緊迫性，引出解決問(wèn)題的方法或相關(guān)因素(2)說(shuō)明段：說(shuō)明方法因素 ⑤解決方法一/決定因素一 ⑥解決方法二/決定因素二 ⑦解決方法三/決定因素三(3)議論段：

⑧指出這些方法不一定能成功解決問(wèn)題，但付出總是值得的 ⑨“我”傾向的方法和途徑

⑩提出根本途徑或建議，應(yīng)該采取的態(tài)度，總結(jié)全文 例： How to Treat the Parent-Child Relationship 1.父母與孩子之間的代溝越來(lái)越大； 2.代溝帶來(lái)那些影響；

3.如何消除代溝，并改善父母與孩子之間的關(guān)系。

①M(fèi)ore and more people are paying attention to the generation gap between parents and their children.②Obviously, the generation gap is a source of family disharmony.③Additionally, it may lead to a number of social problem.④Therefore, measures should be taken to deal with the issue.⑤On the one hand, parents should be more tolerant to their children , remembering that a child is a child and there is always such a stage in one’s growth.⑥On the other hand, children should also understand that without parents’ guidance, they won’t be able to grow up healthily.⑦ Finally, parents should spent more time with their children.⑧Of course , following these suggestions may not surely solve the problem, but it is worth the effort.⑨As for me, mutual understanding is the key solution.⑩Undoubtedly, it is essential for both parents and children to understand each other for a good parent—child relationship.模仿練習(xí)1 ? How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic

? 1.Importance of solving the problem of

heavy traffic ? 2.Ways to solve the problem of heavy traffic ? 3.My suggestion 模仿練習(xí)2 ? How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities.? 1.解決住房問(wèn)題的重要性

? 2.三種可能解決住房問(wèn)題的方案：

1)多造高層建筑；

2)向地下發(fā)展；

3)疏散城市人口。? 3)對(duì)比選擇型 ? 3.我的建議

①When asked about/ when it comes to事物/問(wèn)題 , different people will offer different opinions.②Some people take it for granted that觀點(diǎn)一③ in their opinion, 選擇觀點(diǎn)一的理由一④Besides,選擇觀點(diǎn)一的理由二

⑤ however, others hold that觀點(diǎn)二⑥ They maintain that觀點(diǎn)二/選擇觀點(diǎn)二的理由一⑦And觀點(diǎn)二/選擇觀點(diǎn)二的理由二

⑧Weighing up these two arguments, I am for the former/ later viewpoint/ choice.⑨”我”的理由⑩Therefore , as stated above, 重申觀點(diǎn)/選擇(1)議論段：提出觀點(diǎn)

①開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，指出人們對(duì)某事物/問(wèn)題存在不同的觀點(diǎn)/選擇 ②提出觀點(diǎn)一/選擇一

③提出觀點(diǎn)一/選擇一的理由一 ④提出觀點(diǎn)一/選擇一的理由二(2)議論段：對(duì)比論證 ⑤提出觀點(diǎn)二/選擇二 ⑥提出觀點(diǎn)二/選擇二的理由一 ⑦提出觀點(diǎn)二/選擇二的理由二(3)議論段：總結(jié)觀點(diǎn) ⑧標(biāo)明“我”的傾向 ⑨闡述“我”的理由

⑩總結(jié)全文，重申“我”的觀點(diǎn)/選擇

例：To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond 1.在大企業(yè)工作的特點(diǎn)； 2.在小企業(yè)工作的特點(diǎn)； 3.我的選擇。

①To the question whether to work in a large enterprise or in a small firm, different people may have different answers.②Some may choose to be a small fish in a big pond.③They hold that they can derive a sense of pride from being a member of a famous organization such as General Motors.④Besides, they can work with people from different parts of the world.⑤Still others may prefer to be a big fish in a small pond.⑥According to them, in a small company, they may be given greater responsibilities without much restriction.⑦Consequently, they can show their talents fully and freely.⑧Weighing up these two choices, I am for the latter.⑨I prefer to work in a small enterprise, where I can get more chances of promotion.⑩I’d rather become an important figure within my own small pond.練習(xí)1 Money Outline: 1.有人認(rèn)為金錢是萬(wàn)能的。

2.有人說(shuō)金錢是萬(wàn)惡之源（the source of all crimes）3.我對(duì)金錢的看法。模仿練習(xí)2 Choose a Famous University or a Favorite Major Outline: 1.有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該選擇重點(diǎn)大學(xué)； 2.有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該選擇重點(diǎn)專業(yè)； 3.我的觀點(diǎn)。模仿練習(xí)3 Reading Selectively or Extensively? 針對(duì)閱讀，人們有不同的看法： 1.有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該精讀； 2.有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該泛讀； 3.“我”的看法 模仿練習(xí)4 The Best Means of Transportation Outline：

1.私家車越來(lái)越多，污染問(wèn)題、交通問(wèn)題隨之產(chǎn)生； 2.人們出行時(shí)其實(shí)有多中交通方式可以選擇； 3.從健康和環(huán)保節(jié)能出發(fā)，我認(rèn)為最好的交通方式是 4)模板一（駁論）

①Up to now, many people hold it true that某觀點(diǎn) ②They believe進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明此觀點(diǎn)③However, recent survey/ research shows that 與上述觀點(diǎn)相反的論點(diǎn) ④The arguments for this point of view can be listed as follows.⑤Above all, 論據(jù)一⑥For example,（支持論據(jù)一的事例）⑦Furthermore,論據(jù)二及支持論據(jù)二的事例 ⑧Most importantly, 論據(jù)三

⑨All that has been discussed above points to the fact that重申本文論點(diǎn) ⑩Therefore,與該觀點(diǎn)相符合的做法和態(tài)度

(1)議論段：提出觀點(diǎn)

①指出普遍存在的某種觀點(diǎn)活態(tài)度或做法 ②進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明此觀點(diǎn)

③轉(zhuǎn)折提出與之相反的本論文觀點(diǎn) ④承上啟下，引出對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的論證(2)議論段：論證觀點(diǎn) ⑤列舉論據(jù)一

⑥舉例說(shuō)明論據(jù)一

⑦列舉論據(jù)二并加以說(shuō)明 ⑧列舉論據(jù)三

(3)總結(jié)段：總結(jié)觀點(diǎn) ⑨承接上文，重申觀點(diǎn)

⑩總結(jié)全文，可表達(dá)我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持該觀點(diǎn)或采取該觀點(diǎn)相符合的做法 模板二（立論）

①People are familiar with/it is widely accepted that某觀點(diǎn)②As we know,觀點(diǎn)正確性的表現(xiàn)③Therefore,小結(jié)觀點(diǎn)④There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑤ A case in point is 例一 ⑥For another example, 引出說(shuō)明例二⑦M(jìn)oreover, 闡述第三個(gè)例子

⑧From what has been discussed above, we should understand that重申觀點(diǎn) ⑨But(one thing we have to notice is that)提出個(gè)人建議 ⑩Therefore,總結(jié)全文(1)議論段：提出觀點(diǎn)

①開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，直接提出觀點(diǎn) ②闡述觀點(diǎn)正確性的表現(xiàn) ③小結(jié)觀點(diǎn)

④承上啟下，引出對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的論證(2)議論段：論證觀點(diǎn)

⑤列舉支持論點(diǎn)的具體事例一 ⑥列舉支持論點(diǎn)的具體事例二 ⑦列舉支持論點(diǎn)的具體事例三(3)總結(jié)段：總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)

⑧承接上文，重申觀點(diǎn) ⑨指出堅(jiān)持該論點(diǎn)應(yīng)該注意什么 ⑩總結(jié)全文，指出正確的態(tài)度或做法 例1

Wealth and Happiness 1.每個(gè)人都想獲得財(cái)富，財(cái)富似乎就是幸福，其實(shí)不然； 2.世界上有許多東西是財(cái)富換不來(lái)的。

①Up to now, many people still hold that wealth can bring happiness.②They believe that with a great amount of money, they must live a happier life.③However, recent survey shows that wealth is not necessarily associated with happiness.④The arguments for this point of view can be listed as follows.⑤Above all ,good health plays an important role above wealth in a happy life.⑥For example, people can buy medicine with money, but cannot buy health.⑦Furthermore, wealth may encourage those harmful habits which may ruin the wealth owner, such as addition to drugs and gambling.⑧Most importantly, there is one thing essential to happiness which cannot be bought with wealth---love.⑨All that has been discussed above shows that wealth is not equal to happiness.⑩Therefore, we should not be crazy about money and earn it with honest work.例2

Blood Donation ①In modern society, it is widely accepted that blood donation is good for health.②As we know, donating blood benefit both society and people.③Therefore, people should be encouraged to donate blood regularly.④Many remarkable facts can support this argument.⑤First of all, according to medical research findings, donating blood can effectively reduce the happening of certain disease.⑥What’s more, donating blood regularly could reduce the pace of aging.⑦Besides, donating blood regularly could help people keep good mood.⑧All mentioned above tell us that blood donation does more than harm to health.⑨We should hold a positive attitude towards it.⑩Therefore, it can be concluded that bllod donation should be encouraged under the scientific instruction.5)利①For the past years,某事物has been widely accepted by people/has come into people’s daily life.②No one can deny that 某事物的好處.③For one thing, 好處一④For another, 好處二

⑤However, just as all coins have two sides, there are also disadvantages about某事物的弊端.⑥For example 弊端一⑦M(jìn)oreover, 弊端二.⑧Finally,弊端三

⑨In my opinion, “我”的建議⑩only in this way, can we 總結(jié)全文.弊評(píng)述型(1)議論段：

①開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，總述現(xiàn)象 ②分析某事物的有利面 ③舉例說(shuō)明好處一 ④舉例說(shuō)明好處二 ⑤舉例說(shuō)明好處三

(2)說(shuō)明段：

⑥承上啟下，引出對(duì)弊端的討論 ⑦舉例說(shuō)明弊端一 ⑧舉例說(shuō)明弊端二

(3)總結(jié)段：

⑨“我”的建議（如何趨利避害）⑩總結(jié)全文 例

The Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Computers 1.家用電腦的普及； 2.家用電腦的好處；

3.家用電腦帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。

①Nowadays, computers have come into people’s home as one of common household appliances.②There is no doubt that like TV, home computers benefit people greatly.③With the computer, the home becomes a library, a school, an office and an entertainment center.④All kinds of information can be close at one’s finger tips.⑤In addition, home computers bring people far away closer to us.⑥D(zhuǎn)espite the convenience that home computers bring about, they have disadvantages.⑦For example, people, especially the youth, may easily get addicted to computer games.⑧Besides, since nearly everything can be done in front of the computer, we may become more isolated from people around us.⑨In my opinion, we all should consider how to control home computers, so that they won’t control us.⑩Only in this way, can we make full use of them, while avoiding of the side effects.模仿練習(xí)1 The Development of Private Cars Outline：

1.私家車普及的好處； 2.私家車帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題； 3.“我”的看法 模仿練習(xí)3 Reading Selectively or Extensively? 針對(duì)閱讀，人們有不同的看法： 1.有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該精讀； 2.有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該泛讀； 3.“我”的看法