第一篇:七口訣搞定英語短文改錯
七口訣搞定英語短文改錯
英語短文改錯絕對不是一道難題,它所考查的語法和詞匯都是最基礎的。那為什么很多同學在這道題上拿不了高分甚至滿分呢?這是因為不了解出題意圖和角度的緣故。所謂”知己知彼,百戰不殆“,今天,分享短文改錯到底考什么,通過以下口訣我們就一目了然了!
動詞形,名詞數;
注意形和副;
非謂動詞細辨別;
習慣用法要記住;
句子成分多分析;
邏輯錯誤須關注。一.動詞形
主要包括兩類錯誤:動詞的時態和語態錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如: Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)
上述錯誤屬于主、謂不一致錯誤。
二.名詞數
指名詞單、復數形式的用法錯誤。常表現為將名詞復數寫成單數。例如: …so that I'll get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)三.區分形和副
區分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的常考點。例如:
I'm sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。
四.非謂動詞細辨別
這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤,也包括不定式類錯誤。例如: Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …(playing)My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure…(to)
上述兩例分別是動名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現在分詞有主動和進行的含義,而過去分詞具有被動態和完成時的含義,不定式有將來的含義。五.習慣用法要記住
主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年高考的常考點,其錯誤表現形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and…(of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)六.句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細致的分析,才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。例如:
They ∧ eager to know everything about China and…(were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)
第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were,這是受漢語習慣的影響而導致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語。七.邏輯錯誤須關注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)
上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端,“我們”把電視機賣了;晚上沒電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用 everyone。
除了上述錯誤類型外,常考的錯誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤),以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)
下面是全國高考英語真題中的短文改錯題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣。現在試著做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與解析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,it’s famous 76._____ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.The weather 77._____ was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78._____
the mountain,the three of them were very excited.As we 79._____
climbed the mountain,we saw monkeys,visiting temples 80._____ and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____ since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.82._____ Evening came down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83._____ of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._____ good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85._____ head touched the pillow.【答案與解析】
76.famous前加上a.(名詞數)
77.正確
78.we前面加when,引導一個時間狀語從句。(句子成分多分析)
79.them→us(邏輯錯誤須關注)
80.visiting→visited(非謂動詞細辨別)
81.picture→pictures(名詞數)82.passes→passed(動詞形)
83.去掉down(習慣用法要記住)
84.and→but(邏輯錯誤須關注)
85.去掉at(句子成分多分析 /習慣用法要記住)
第二篇:短文改錯口訣(推薦)
短文改錯口訣
動詞形,名詞數; 還要注意形和副; 非謂動詞細辨別;習慣用法要記住; 句子成分多分析; 邏輯錯誤須關注。
一、動詞形
主要包括兩類錯誤:動詞的時態和語態錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如: My favourite sport is football.I was member of our school football team.(is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)上述兩例分別屬于時態錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關鍵是樹立牢固的時態概念,注意短文內容發生或存在的時間,保持時間概念的一致性。
二、名詞數
指名詞單、復數形式的用法錯誤。常表現為將名詞復數寫成單數。例如: …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)
三、區分形和副
及區分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的常考點。例如:
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。
四、非謂動詞細辨別
這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤,也包括不定式類錯誤。例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …(playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure…(to)上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現在分詞有主動態和進行時的含義,而過去分詞具有被動態和完成時的含義,不定式有將來時態的含義。
(1)A rising tide lifts all boats.水漲眾船高。(2)Time lost cannot be recalled.光陰一去不復返。(recall vt.召回恢復)(3)To stand still is to move back……
逆水行舟,不進則退。(4)Saving is getting.節約而后有(節約就是獲得。)
(5)It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收(打翻牛奶,哭也沒用)(注:以上五句運用了非謂語動詞。)
主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年高考的常考點,其錯誤表現形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and…(of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)
六、句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細致的分析,才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。例如: They ∧eager to know everything about China and…(were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)
第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were,這是受漢語習慣的影響而導致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作定語從句的主語。
第三篇:高考備考:高考英語短文改錯口訣
高考英語短文改錯口訣
為了提高做短文改錯題的能力,除了要加強基礎知識的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外,還應該對其錯項設置的基本情況有所了解,以便做到目標明確,有的放矢,從而提高解題的正確率。本文擬從語法和邏輯的角度,用口訣的形式,向同學們介紹高考英語短文改錯中最常見的幾類錯誤。
短文改錯口訣:
動詞形,名詞數; 注意形和副; 非謂動詞細辨別;習慣用法要記住; 句子成分多分析; 邏輯錯誤須關注。一. 動詞形
主要包括兩類錯誤:動詞的時態和語態錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如: My favourite sport is football.I was member of our school football team.(is)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)上述兩例分別屬于時態錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關鍵是樹立牢固的時態概念,注意短文內容發生或存在的時間,保持時間概念的一致性。二. 名詞數
指名詞單、復數形式的用法錯誤。常表現為將名詞復數寫成單數。例如: ?so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)三. 區分形和副
及區分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的常考點。例如: I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。四. 非謂動詞細辨別
這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤,也包括不定式類錯誤。例如: ?in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …(playing)My parents love me? and will do all they can ∧ make sure?(to)上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現在分詞有主動態和進行時的含義,而過去分詞具有被動態和完成時的含義,不定式有將來時態的含義。五.習慣用法要記住
主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識。這也是歷年高考的常考點,其錯誤表現形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and…(of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)六. 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結構和句子成分作細致的分析,才能找出用詞不當的錯誤。例如: They ∧eager to know everything about China and?(were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were,這是受寒于習慣的影響而導致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語。七. 邏輯錯誤須關注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如: The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)? no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端,“我們”把電視機賣了;晚上沒電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用everyone。
除了上述錯誤類型外,常考的錯誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤),以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如: She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)下面是2002年全國高考試題中的短文改錯題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣。現在請你試著做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與簡析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,it’s famous 76._____ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.The weather 77._____ Was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78._____ the mountain,the three of them were very excited.As we 79._____ climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80._____ and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____ since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.82._____ Evening came down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83._____ of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._____ good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85._____ head touched the pillow.答案與簡析:
76.famous前加上a.(名詞數)77.正確
78.we前面加when,引導一個時間狀語從句。(句子成分多分析)79.them→us(邏輯錯誤須關注)80.visiting→visited(非謂動詞細辨別)81.picture→pictures(名詞數)82.passes→passed(動詞形)
83.去掉down(習慣用法要記住)84.and→but(but,and,or和so)
85.去掉at(句子成分多分析 /習慣用法要記住)
改錯要想拿高分 語法口訣要記牢
(一)見到謂語找主語,主謂一致找狀語 見到名詞想多數,可不可數要記牢 見到平行看結構,形式功能要對稱 見到代詞找指代,指代通常不合理 帶賓語必帶to,不帶賓語不帶 to 小小of常抓的點,of前名詞adj最高級 比較級不修飾比較級,最高級不修飾最高級
(二)謂與非謂經常混 謂語句中就一個 其余動詞非謂語 常見形式有三種 v-ing ,v-ed和to do 主謂通常v-ing 動賓通常v-ed 現在分詞表主動 過去分詞表被動 目的要用不定式
by前有過去分詞相擁 by后有動名詞后抱 介詞后跟動名詞 時態基點要搞清 現在還是過去時
(三)規則是說謊 lie lied lied 不規則是躺 lie lay lain 躺過就下蛋 lay laid laid 下蛋不規則
第四篇:經典英語短文改錯20篇(定稿)
經典英語短文改錯20篇(1)
來源:高考寶典 發布日期:2012-03-14 22:27 短文改錯是英語高考復習的一個重點和難點,是影響學生英語高考分數的一個重要知識點。高考英語怎么樣才能取得高分?是很多高三學生特別關心的一個問題。高考寶典特地總結了此部分的高考復習資料供同學們使用!(2009.全國卷I)短文改錯
After five years away in my hometown, I find that
76.________________ The neighborhood which I used to living in has changed
77.________________ a lot.The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop
78._______________
across the street from our middle school were gone.79.________________ There exist now a park that has a small river running
80.________________ through.The factory at the comer of Friendship Street and 81._______________ Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city, and sports 82.______________ center has been built in their place.The market at the corner of 83._____________ Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to
84.________________ a supermarket.Besides the bookstore next to our middle
85._______________ school is still there.【解析】
76.【答案】in→from。句意是我離開家鄉五年,away from屬于固定搭配。
77.【答案】 living → live。used to 后跟動詞原形,表示“過去常常做某事請”。
78.【答案】older → old。句中沒有比較的意思。
79.【答案】were → are。根據上文可知飯店和魚店消失都陳述的是現在的情況。
80.【答案】exist → exists。主語a park是單數第三人稱。
81.【答案】正確
82.83.84.85.【答案】sports前加a。sports center是可數名詞單數,表示不確定。
【答案】their → its。前文中提到了名詞The factory是單數,因此把their改為its。【答案】去掉been。短語give way to“讓路”,用主動語態。【答案】Besides → But。前后表示轉折關系。
經典英語短文改錯20篇(2)
來源:網絡資源
發布日期:2012-03-14 22:27 短文改錯是英語高考復習的一個重點和難點,是影響學生英語高考分數的一個重要知識點。高考英語怎么樣才能取得高分?是很多高三學生特別關心的一個問題。高考寶典特地總結了此部分的高考復習資料供同學們使用!
短文改錯(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。對標有題號的每一行作出判斷:如無錯誤,在該行右邊橫線上畫一個勾(√);如有錯誤(每行只有一個錯誤),則按下列情況改正:
該行多一個詞:把多余的詞用斜線(╲)劃掉,在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞,并也用斜線劃掉。
該行缺一個詞:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧), 在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。
該行錯一個詞:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。
注意:原行沒有錯的不要改。I am very thankful you for inviting me to go 76._____________ and stay with 77.____________ Nanjing is a 78.____________ longing to see
you my
again English this lives to .
so
that
I .summer the and misses
.
can And
get I
more am
.79.____________ from you in 80.____________ I can’t come 81.____________ grandmother, who 82.____________ again and again 83.____________ together with him
study
you
in
Nanjingcity
.and
I
often
I
heard have
that
beautiful that been
help
afraid
coming in go She
vacationsMy
country, spending me I
so wish
asked the
me
vacation that could
much I
I 84.____________ have no choice but obey her85.____________
and see you at the end of this year.
go
【答案】
76.you前加to 77.heard---hear 78.去掉that 79.正確
80.And---But 81.vacations---vacation 82.asked前加has 83.spending---spend 84.him---her 85.but后加to
第五篇:短文改錯
短文改錯
高考英語短文改錯題要求考生判斷一篇短文中十行(自1995年以來)文字是否有錯,如果有錯誤就將其改正。
此題型旨在測試考生發現、判斷并改正短文中錯誤的能力,以及考查考生準確運用詞法、句法、行文邏輯等的綜合能力。
本題型側重考查考生的詞匯和語法基礎知識,但并不是單純的知識檢測,而是考查考生在閱讀的過程中運用語法知識解決實際問題的能力。
縱觀近幾年高考短文改錯,不難發現其設題方式比較固定:正確為1個,多詞或缺詞共計3個,錯詞為6個,其比例為1:3:6。
下面引用近幾年的高考題來分析一下此題的三種錯誤類型:多詞、缺詞和錯詞。
一、多詞
1.多冠詞
(l)Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacherin the crowd.【解析lsight是不可數名詞,且catch sight of是固定搭配,意為“看見”。
(2)For e】cample, when l was a child, the rain was amystery.【解析】,am為不可數名詞,泛指時前面不用冠詞。
【知識拓寬】
(1)不可數名詞表示泛指時不用冠詞。
Modern people know more about the health, havebetter food,and?
(2)與by連用的交通工具及air,land,sea等名詞前不用冠詞。
by bike騎自行車,by sea由海路,乘船
(3)有些名詞(如school,class,hospital,church,prison,bed,table,town等)與相應介詞連用,表示進行和這些詞直接相關的活動時,前不用冠詞。
___ _去上學,_______坐牢,_______在吃飯
(4)球類運動、棋類游戲前,不用冠詞。
___ _打籃球,_______下棋
(5)mo。t副詞作“非常”解時,前面不用定冠詞the。
She is most pretty.她非常漂亮。
(6)。或though引導讓步狀語從句,構成倒裝結構,前置的單數名詞前不用任何冠詞。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.雖然他只是孩子,知道的卻很多。
2.多介詞
(l)ln fact,they are planning to visit China in next yeaL
(2)We practice for three times every week..(3)So l'm really sorry that l won't be able to come inthis time.【解析】以上三例都是作時間狀語的名詞短語前多了介詞。
(4)?but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.【解析】talk about意為“談到??”,是及物動詞短語,后須接介詞賓語,但根據本句語境,此處不必接賓語,故去掉about。
【知識拓寬】
(1)last night, next week, this year, one day,threetimes等名詞詞組直接充當時間狀語,前面不用介詞。
(2)有些動詞在漢語中是不及物動詞,在英語中卻是及物動詞,由于受漢語影響,可能多一個介詞。
serve for the people, follow after the teacher, marrywith her,make him as our monitor,play with Tom in amatch(畫線介詞多余)
(3)有些表示地點的副詞,其意義中已包含to,如果再加to,則多余。
on one's way to there, return to home, go to upstairs(畫線介詞均多余)
(4)有些副詞或介詞詞組后加另一個介詞,構成復合介詞,若后面沒有介詞賓語,介詞則多余。同樣,有些動詞短語是“動詞十介詞”結構,若后面沒有介詞賓語,介詞則多余。
①If you won’t go,I'll go instead of.(畫線介詞多余)
②She listened to but heard nothing(畫線介詞多余)
(5)有些動詞或形容詞后接名詞或代詞時,須加一個介詞,但接從句時,必須去掉介詞。
①l never knew about a ride down a river could be soexciting.(畫線介詞多余)
②I am sorry for that he won't come(畫線介詞多余)
3.詞義重疊
(1)Whenever I see them l will often think of myEnglish teacher.【解析】在whenever l see them這一時間狀語從句后再用often顯得重復,應去掉。
(2)1'11 spend all the whole weekend reading andpreparing for it.【解析】the whole weekend意為“整個周末”,再加上all,詞義重疊。
【知識拓寬】
(1)有些詞受漢語影響,多一副詞或介詞,造成詞義重疊。
return back回來,repeat again重復,flee away逃走,enter into進入,blue color藍色,stop down停下來,raiseup舉起來,unpack open打開
(2)定語從句中的一個名詞,已由關系代詞取代,再用其替代詞是多余的。
I do remember you having apologized to the old lady Imet her last week
(3)單音節的形容詞或副詞比較等級加-er.-est,多音節加more、most,但二者不能同時重疊使用。
As a result, people in the modern world generally livemuch more longer than people in the past.4.出現冗言現象
(l)Today l visited the Smiths-my first time visit toan American family.【解析】本句中的first修飾visit,visit此處為名詞,意為“我的第一次訪問”,time多余。
(2)Now I can't watch much television,but?【解析】根據上下文,此處應是“我根本不能看電視”,因此受漢語影響,多了much,造成冗言。
【知識拓寬】
(1)狀語從句與主句之間多一并列連詞。
①Though he tried his best, but he failed.②The more he has, and the more he wants.(2)充當狀語的介詞短語與主句之間多一關系代詞或關系副詞。
①In the last five years that they have climbed churches一②?in other places where you are limited to a certainnumber...(3)充當狀語的分詞與主句之間多一并列連詞。
Sitting down,and he began to work.(4)從屬連詞后多一個that。
She was absent from the meeting because that she was ilL(5)復合賓語前多一個that。
I found that her lying on the ground.5.固定搭配中多詞
(1)I was used to watch it every night.【解析】此處屬于used to do與be used to兩個固定搭配的誤用,應去掉was,取“過去常常”之意。
(2)?in any other words,Iam only a child.【解析lin other words為固定搭配,意為“換句話說”,而any other意為“任何別的??”,與本文上下文不符。
6.行文邏輯上多詞First, let me tell you something more about myself.【解析】由first可知是剛開始向別人講述自己的故事,故只能說something,而不能加more。
二、缺詞
1.名詞前缺限定詞
(1)Each player must obey^captain, who is theleader of the team.the【解析】此處應加上the,特指“球隊的隊長”。
(2)The day before the speech contest^Englishteacher talked to me.my【解析】根據上下文分析,此處English teacher是有所指的,指的是“我的”英語老師,故加上my,表達一個更確切的概念。
(3)I'1I take this chance to wish you^ wonderful timeon your birthday.a【解析lwish sb.awonderful time為固定搭配,意為“祝某人玩得愉快”。
【知識拓寬】
(1)在“so+形容詞十可數名詞單數”結構中,名詞前不能缺a或an。
This is so good a book that we will buy it.=This is such a good book that we will buy it.(2)little,few表示肯定時,前面不能缺a,意為“一些”。
如a little water,但是“每隔幾分鐘”應說成every fewminutesa
(3)有些不可數名詞(如metal, beauty, iron, tea,coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure等),表示“一種”“一個“一份”時,應加上a或an。
Work is a pleasure to me.(4)“the+姓氏復數”表示一家人時,the不能省。
The Browns like to go skating.(5)表示“兩者之中比較??的一個”時,比較級前應加the。
He is the taller of the two boys.(6)在句中可數名詞不可單獨使用,前面應有限定詞,如his,that,Tom's,the,a等。
When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook^head.his2.缺動詞不定式符號to(1)I'd like very much^come but I have anexamination on Monday morning.to【解析】like后面不能直接加動詞,需加to,構成固定搭配“would like to do”,意為“想做??”。
(2)一.and will do all they can^ make sure that l geta good education to【解析】不定式作目的狀語,不定式符號to不可省。
【知識拓寬】
(1)不定式作后置定語,不定式符號to不能省。
But then there are always more mysteriesAlook into:_____to
(2)-般說來,兩個實義動詞不能并列使用,中間常用to連接。
①7Ihe World Health()rganization and other organizationsare workingAimprove health all over the world_____to
②i had always wantedA retum to the village _____to
(3)feel, hear, let, make,have, see, notice, watch,ob。rv。等動詞變成被動結構時,充當主語補足語的不定式不能省去to。
Little Tom was made to do heavy work
(4)為了避免重復前面的動詞,后面的不定式常常省略,但要保留不定式符號to。
We wanted to go to the lecture, but we weren't able to
3.缺系動詞
(l)neyA eager to Imow everything about China:.'were【解析】eager為形容詞,必須加系動詞構成系表結構。
(2)What^ your favourite sport?IS【解析】本句缺謂語動詞,應加is。
(3)I'd like to^ your pen-friend, and.be/become【解析】本句考查I'd like to do結構,根據上下文,必須加上系動詞。
【知識拓寬】
(1)由于受漢語語法規則的影響,有些形容詞作表語時,常常缺少系動詞。
She is afraid of her boss.(2)在被動結構中,由于缺少助動詞,變成了主動語態,造成錯誤。
?and let you know when the book you want has^returned and is ready for you to pick up.been4.缺介詞(l)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminstead^ ourselves._____ of【解析linstead of為固定短語,意為“而非,而不是”,后接賓語。
(2)?but the others spent a lotA time arguing_____of【解析la lot of是固定習語,意為“許多,大量”,后加賓語。
【知識拓寬】
改錯題對介詞的考查,重點是一些固定搭配,再如:
WhenI have free timeI go^along walk..for,因此,同學們在學習和復習中應牢記一些固定搭配。
5.缺連詞In one class,l learned^ it rained.why【解析】本句因缺連詞而造成句子成分殘缺,只有加上why,句子的意義才完整。
【知識拓寬】
(1)在漢語中,分句與分句之間往往不用連詞,但在英語中卻不行。
It began to rain,^ they had to stop working.and
(2)受母語影響,幾個同類詞并列連用時,它們之間往往缺一連詞。
CDi told Mother, Father, Sister,^ all my friends herewhat a great time I had.and②He looked inside but saw nothing.(3)that引導的主語從句置于句首時,that常常不能省。
That light travels in straight line is known to all.(4)引導同位語從句的連詞that,when等常不可省。
(DThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patientwas suffering from cancer.②i have no idea when he will return(5)在even if,even though,as if'as though等短語中,第二個連詞不能少。
He walks as if/though he were drunk
三、錯詞
1.可數名詞單復數誤用
(l)They were eager to know everything about Chinaand asked me lots of question
(2)We study quite a few subject, such as maths,Chinese, English and physics.(3)We practise three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.(4)She said that she and my schoolmate' all.wishedme success,.(5)?so that l'11 get good marks in all my subject.___
(6)?and many happy return of the day_____
(7)I used to love science class-all of them-biology,chemistry, geography, physics.【知識拓寬】
對名詞單復數的考查是高考的熱點之一,幾乎每年考查一處。因此,為了對名詞錯誤判斷準確,應該:
(1)弄清名詞是可數名詞還是不可數名詞。
We stopped to rest for a while and to drink somewaters from a stream water
(2)掌握好可數名詞復數的變化規則。
There are branch library in many villages libraries
(3)要熟練運用名詞的所有格。
2.時態誤用
(l)We havea good tinte talking and laughing together.had
(2)I learn about you from my English teacher, MissFang.learned
(3)I was a member of our school football team am
(4)I arn happy with any programme but the othersspent a lot of time...was
(5)I remembered her words and calm down calmed
(6)They did not want me to do any w,ork at home do【知識拓寬】
動詞時態是短文改錯考查的熱點之一,一般說來每年考查一處,而且近幾年高考主要考查現在時與過去時的使用,再如:I had an examination on Monday moming.have
3.非謂語動詞誤用
(l)It was very kind of them to meet me.at the railwaystation and drove meto their home drive
(2)I look forward to hear from you soon hearing
(3)Play football not only makes us grow up...Playing
(4)I was often alittle tired after a day's work andwatch TV demands very little effort.watching【知識拓寬】
(1)由以上考例可見,v.-mg形式作主語、賓語或狀語是考查的熱點。
CDi'ii spend the whole weekend reading and preparefor it.preparing②After learn the basics of the subject, nothing elseseemed very practical to me.learning
(2)過去分詞與現在分詞的區別是另一考查熱點。此時重點要看分詞與主語或邏輯主語的關系。
①After an hour or so, we began to feel veryfrightening.frightened②?but now l am interesting in football.interested(3)被動語態中的過去分詞誤用成動詞原形。
Books may be keep for four weeks.kept(4)掌握好動詞不定式帶to與不帶to的差異。
(5)有些動詞后接不定式,有些動詞后接動名詞,應分別牢記這些動詞。
4.主謂不一致
(1)Playing football not only makes us grow up talland strong but alsoglve us a sense of fair play and teamspirit.gives
(2)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in thelibrary.are【知識拓寬】
(1)謂語動詞的單復數一般取決于前面主語的單復數。
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing toborrow them.costs
(2)not only;一but also, neither.—nor.一,either.or..-等并列連詞連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞的單復數應采取就近一致原則。
(3)There be結構中,謂語動詞也應采取就近一致原則。
But then there is always more mysteries to look into.are
(4)注意把集合名詞(如family,class,team等)和不定代詞(如all,none等)放在具體語境中,判斷其謂語動詞的單復數。
5.代詞不一致
(l)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their
(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant to win the game.we(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybody【知識拓寬】
(1)根據上下文判斷,出現了代詞不一致。
①1 felt that it helped me understand how the worldworks.they②They have been to Europe many timesWe
(2)傾向于考查學生對不定代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞以及代詞的主格與賓格等諸方面知識的掌握與運用能力。
And I can’t forget the good food you cooked forl me
(3)人稱代詞性別上的誤用也是常見的錯誤形式之一。
6.連詞誤用
(l)~esaid that she and my schoolmates all wished mesuccass,but it didn’t matter thatI would win or notwhether【解析】it為形式主語,whether l would win or not是真正的主語,意為“我是否能贏”。
(2)lt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor andaguest.or【解析】句意為:看起來我的父母親把我當成了“visitor”或“guest”。二者為選擇關系而非并列關系,故將and改為or。
(3)It is a very important exam butI can't afford tofail it.and/so【解析】此處應是并列或因果關系,而非轉折關系。
【知識拓寬】
(1)正確掌握各連詞的含義及其在從句中的應用。
①?because I felt that they helped me understandwhat the world works.how②Most people can quickly get help from a doctor orgo to a hospital sir ce they areill when/if
(2)熟練應用表示并列、選擇、轉折、因果等關系的連詞:and, or, but, so, therefore, however等.①She was smiling but nodding at me.and②Therefore, there are still some countries wherepeople have shorter lives.However
(3)弄清whether和if的含義及用法區別。
?and whether you pay the cost of sending apostcard,the librarian will write to you.if
7.關系代詞與關系副詞誤用
I live inBeijing,where is the capital of China.which【解析】此處是非限制性定語從句,關系代詞which作主語。
【知識拓寬】
(1)正確區分關系代詞之間的區別,尤其是that和which的區別。
?in other places you are limited to.a certainnumber, of that some may be novels.which
(2)正確區分關系代詞與關系副詞的區別,并掌握它們的用法。
However,there are still some countries there peoplehave shorter lives.where
8.詞性誤用
(1)Also the sport teaches us the important ofobedience.importance【解析】本句應該用名詞importance作動詞teach的直接賓語。
(2)Unfortunate, there are too many people in myfamily.Unfortunately【解析】此處應該用副詞unfortunately作狀語,意為“不幸的是”。
(3)After learning the basics of the subject,nothingelse seemed very practically to me.practical【解析】。eem為系動詞,后面應接形容詞作表語。
【知識拓寬】
詞性誤用指的是動詞與名詞混淆,副詞與形容詞混淆等。這就要求我們在平時學習中重視詞性及各類詞在句中的基本功能。再如:
I'm sure we'IIhave 8 wonderfully time together.wonderful
9.限定詞誤用
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to aAmerican family.an【解析】American為元音音素開頭的單詞,故應用部定冠詞 an
(2)wemay be one family and live under a sameroof,?the【解析】same意為“同樣的”,前面應加定冠詞the。
10.近義詞混用They did not want me to do any work at family......home【解析】family側重指“家庭這個結構或家里的人。,而home則側重指“家庭的所在地”。因此,“在家里”應用athome。
【知識拓寬】
在英語中,有許多同義詞、近義詞和反義詞,在平時學習中應抓好基礎,牢記每一個詞的基本含義。再如:.Uncle Ben will alsogo back for Christmas.come總之,平時學習中應加強對基礎知識的積累,熟練掌握高考詞匯、基本詞法、句法,同時還應加強閱讀能力的訓練。因為,較快的閱讀速度、較好的語感和牢固的基礎知識是做好短文改錯的重要前提。平時訓練短文改錯時,不應只是為了做題而做題,而應善于總結、摸索答題的規律。
參考答案
一、1.(3)go to school;in prison;at table(4)play basketball;play chess
三、1.(1)question-*questions(2)subject—subjects(3)match-*matches(4)schoolmate—+ schoolmates(5)subject-+ subjects(6)return—.retums(7)class-classes