第一篇：2018北京高考英語真題

2018年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試

英語(北京卷)

第一部分:知識運用(共兩節,45分)第一節單項填空(共15小題;每小題1分,共15分)從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項, 并在答題卡上:將該項涂黑。

例： it's so nice to hearfrom her again＿＿，we last met more than thirty years ago.A.what's more B.That’s to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not 答案是D。

1.-Hi, I'm Peter.Are you new here? I haven't seen you around？-Hello, Peter.I'm Bob.I just＿＿on Monday.A.start B.have started C.started D.had started 2.＿＿we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will begone.A.Although B.While C.If D.Until 3.＿＿along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A.Travel B.Traveling C.Having traveled D.Traveled 4.Susanhad quit her well-paid job and ＿＿as a volunteer in the neighborhood.when I visited her last year A.is working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked 5.She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit A.which B.who C.as D.that 6.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together＿＿a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A.share B.to share C.having shared D.shared 7.China's high-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the pastfew years.A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown 8.In any unsafe situation, simply＿＿the button and a highly-trained agent willget you the help you need.A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 9.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who＿＿in themountains fortwo days.A.are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped 10.Ordinary soap, ＿＿correctly, can dealwith bacteria effectively.A.used B.to use C.using D.use 11.Without his support, we wouldn't be＿＿we are now.A.how B.when C.where D.why 12.In today's information age, the loss of data＿＿cause serious problems for acompany.A.need B.should C.can D.must 13.They might have found a better hotel ifthey＿＿a few more kilometers.A.drove B.would drive C.were to drive D.had driven 14.-Good morning, Mr.lee's office.-Good morning.I'd like to make an appointment＿＿next Wednesday afternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.at 15.This is＿＿my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope forthe best.A.how B.which C.the D.what

第二節完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

The Homeless Hero

For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source（來源）of temptation（誘惑）.But the 16would no doubt be greater if you wereliving on the streets with little food and money.All of this makes the actions ofthe homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its windowdown，he stood guard in the rain for about two hourswaiting for the 19 to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet outhoping to find some ID so he could contact（聯系）the driver，only to 21 it contained ￡400 in notes，with another ￡50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind tolet the owner know it was safe.When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleagueCarol Lawrence returned to thecar-which was itself worth ￡35，000—in Glasgowcitycentre，they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it.Thepolicemen told them what Mr.Smith did and that the wallet was 24.The pair were later able to thank Mr.Smith for his25.Mr.Anderson said：““I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny.To think heis sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paidfor a place to stay in.This guy hasnothing and 27he didn't take the wallet forhimself；he thought about others 28 it’s unbelievable.It just proves thereare 29 guys out there.”

Mr.smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention.He also won praise fromsocial media users after Mr.Anderson 31 about the act of kindness onFacebook.Now Mr.Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people in the area, which byyesterday had received ￡8,000.“Ithink the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him.People have beenapproaching him in the street;he's ha I job 34 and all sorts, ”Mr.Andersoncommented.For Mr.Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35.The story once againtells us that one good turn deserves another.16.A.hope B.aim C.urge D.effort 17.A.still B.even C.ever D.once 18.A.wallet B.bag C.box D.parcel 19.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman 20.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached 21.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe 22.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing 23.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked 24.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen 25.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement 26.A.when B.if C.where D.because 27.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just 28.A.too B.though C.again D.instead 29.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous 30.A.gave B.paid C.cast D.drew 31.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard 32.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn 33.A.of B.at C.for D.in 34.A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications 35.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge

第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節,40分)第一節(共15小題:每小題2分,共30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最仁選項,并 在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

My First Marathon(馬拉松)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do either well.He later informedme that I was“ not athletic”.The idea that I was”not athletic“stuck with me for years.When I started runningin my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition orwhether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line.Iwoke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋帶)became untied.So Istopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted！

At mile3, I passed a sign:“ GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”

By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despitethe pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving！

As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses onrunning.I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!And I got a medal.In fact, Igot the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself， move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗標簽)，I can now call myself a”marathon winner”.36.A month before the marathon, the author.A.was well trained B.felt scared C.made up his mind to run D.Lost hope 37.Why did the author mention the P.E.class in his 7th year? A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.38.How was the author's first marathon? A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to the end.39.What does the story mainly tell us? A.Aman owes his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.B Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空)Center If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation,education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(榮譽徽章).At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build andfire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模擬)flying to space withthe crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test theiroperating skills in the cockpit(駕駛艙)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees alsoget a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed“pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance ofleadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18.Families can enjoy the experience together,too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week--there is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online atwww.tmdps.cn.40.Why do people come to SAC? A.To experience adventures.B.To look for jobs in aviation.C.To get a degree in engineering.D.To learn more about medicine.41.To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to.A.fly to space.B.get an Aviation badge first.C.study the principles of flight.D.build and fire model rockets.42.What is the most important for trainees? A.Leadership.B.Team spirit.C.Task planning.D.Survival skills.C

Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.qSo farthere is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new studysuggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater waxmoth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and theworms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.To confirmthat the worms' chewing alone was notresponsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物)and applied it to plastic films.14hours later the films had lost 13%of their mass--apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms'stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms'ability to break downtheir everydayfood-beeswax--also allows them to break down plastic ”Wax is acomplex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, “she explains.”The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.“ Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was notinvolved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break downpolyethylene.But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breakingdown in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause ofthe breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ theenzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in somekind of industrial process-not simply”millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”

43.What can we learn about the worms in the study? A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to.A.identify other means of the breakdown B.find out the source of the enzyme C.confirm the research findings D.increase the breakdown speed 45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A.help to raise worms B.help make plastic bags C.be used to clean the oceans D.be produced in factories in future 46.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.D

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream,years away from materializing in the real world.Well, the future is apparently now.TheCalifornia Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companiesto test truly self-driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy-or even worsen-the traffic of today with driverless cars?Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work,entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.They taketheir driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport——an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫車)services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基礎設施)and operations40%by2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(責任與維護問題).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance ofdriverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportationsystem we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance forcities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.47.According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can__________.A.help deal with transportation-related problems B.provide better services to customers C.cause damage toour environment D.make some people lose jobs 48.As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？ A.Safety.B.Side effects.C.Affordability.D.Management.49.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？

A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50.What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars？ A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic

第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Why Do We Get Angry？

Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various.Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits.The main reasons we get angry are triggering（觸發）events，personality traits（特征），and our assessment of situations.51

Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would takehundreds of pages.However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, adeadline approaching, experiencing physicalpain, and much more._52Thereason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one'spersonal history and psychologicaltraits.Each person.no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances.People whohave personality traits that conncct with competitiveness and low upset tolerance aremuch more likely to get angry.53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have todo with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event hasoccurred.____54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, oranger itself.Sometimes ignorance and negative(消極的)outlooks on situations cancreate anger.____55However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know thereasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.With these main reasons inmind, we can evaluate our level of angerthroughout the day and prevent cases ofoutbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised toreduce it.D.Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasonsto feel angry.E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in thebackground of your mind.F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluateourselves with a critical eye.G.Not everyone acts the same in response toevents, and that is why what triggers oneperson may or may not trigger another.第三部分:書面表達(共兩節,35分)第一節(15分)假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華,你的英國朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他 對中國文化感興趣,計劃明年來北京上大學。他向你咨詢相關信息。請給他回郵件,內容包括: 1.表示歡迎； 2.推薦他上哪所大學;3.建議他做哪些準備工作。

注意:1.詞數不少于50；

2.開頭和結尾已給出,不計入總詞數。Dear Jim，___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua

(請務必將作文寫在答題卡指定區域內)

第二節(20分)假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華,請根據以下四幅圖的先后順序,寫一篇英 文周記,記述你們上周接待外國學生,帶領他們體驗中國茶文化的全過程。注意:詞數不少于60。

第二篇：高考2012英語作文真題及其北京卷

2012年高考英語作文真題及其范文

北京卷

第四部分：書面表達（共兩節，35分）第一節 情景作文（20分）

假設你是紅星中學高三（1）班的學生李華，校報英文版正在開展“續寫雷鋒日記”活動。請根據以下四幅圖的先后順序，將你所做的一件好事以日記形式記述下來，向校報投稿。

注意：1.日記的開頭已為你寫好。

2.詞數不少于60。

Saturday，June2

Fine This morning

(請務必將情景作文寫在答題卡指定區域內)

第二節 開放作文（15分）

請根據下面提示，寫一篇短文。詞數不少于50。

You are discussing the following picture with your English friend Jim.Now you are telling him how you understand the picture and what makes you think so.(請務必將情景作文寫在答題卡指定區域內)答案：

第四部分：書面表達（共兩節，35分）第一節 情景作文（20分）

一、內容要點：

1、發現

2、詢問

3、告訴線路

4、分別

二、One possible version: Saturday June 2

This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled.It seemed they were lost.I went up to them and asked how I could help.They told me they were looking for the Temple of Heaven.I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No.20, the bus came.We waved good-bye to each other.Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.第二節 開放作文（15分）One possible version:

I think the white pencil, looking proud and delighted, is laughing at the black pencil by saying “You're nearing the end!” The black pencil, on the other hand, remains calm.The white pencil's words let him fall into deep thoughts.He clearly remembers he has been used in writing and drawing.It's true that he's approaching the end but he has been living a memorable life and there has rarely been a dull moment.In reality, we should learn from the black pencil: not to mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done.

第三篇：高考英語真題2016

2016年高考英語試題全國卷Ⅱ（廣東卷）筆試部分 試卷結構(2015-07-08 15:58:38)轉載▼

標簽： 2016年高考英語試題全 分類： 高考題庫

2016年高考英語試題全國卷Ⅱ（廣東卷）筆試部分 試卷結構 最新

（參考原2015上海，甘肅，內蒙，新疆，陜西，山東，湖北，河北通用卷）

本試題是根據《廣東省教育廳關于廣東省普通高考使用全國統一命題試卷的通知》（粵教考函〔2015〕24號）的精神編制。2016年高考英語試題全國卷Ⅱ（廣東卷）筆試部分 試卷結構 最新

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分 聽力（共兩節，滿分15分）略 第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分40分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(靜電)noise.For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.22.Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1? A.ended all their programs

B.provided fewer channels C.changed to commercials

D.showed all-night movies 23.How did the author finally get this TV set working again? A.By shaking and hitting it

B.By turning it on and off C.By switching channels

D.By having it repaired 24.How does the author sound when telling the story?

A.Curious

B.Anxious

C.Cautious

D.Humorous B Your house may have an effect on your figure.experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.you can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(難為情)when they’re in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock – or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes.And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(攝入)jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.A.their home comforts

B.their body shape C.house buying

D.healthy diets 26.A home environment in blue can help people ____.A.digest food better

B.reduce food intake C.burn more calories

D.regain their appetites 27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music C.Use smaller spoons

D.Turn down the lights 28.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Is Your House Making You Fat?

B.Ways of Serving Dinner C.Effects of Self-Consciousness

D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? C More students than ever before are taking a gap year(間隔年)before going to university.It used to be the “year off” between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy.Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.29.What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A.It is flexible in length.B.It is a time for relaxation C.It is increasingly popular D.It is required by universities 30.According to Tony Higgins.students taking a gap year ____.A.are better prepared for college studies B.know a lot more about their future job C.are more likely to leave university in debt D.have a better chance to enter top universities 31.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon? A.He’s puzzled B.He’s worried C.He’s surprised D.He’s annoyed

32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics? A.Attend additional courses.B.Make plans for the new term C.Earn money for their education D.Prepare for their graduate studies

D Choose Your One-Day-Tours!Tour AOxford & Startford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's-￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges.Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖頂）”from St Mary’s Church Tower.Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.Tour C-Windsor Castle &Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace-￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VILL's favorite palace.Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included).With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宮)where it is easy to get lost!Tour D-Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great-￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.33.Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city? A.Tour A B.Tour B C.Tour C D.Tour D 34.Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March? A.Windsor Castle & Hampton Court B.Oxford & Stratford C.Bath & Stonehenge D.Cambridge 35.Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction? A.It used to be the home of royal families B.It used to be a well-known maze C.It is the oldest palace in Britain D.It is a world-famous castle 第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.37

.As always, you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.39

.After two weeks, start timing yourself.40

.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.A.After six days B.For a good marathon runner C.Before you begin your training D.With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E.If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G.Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time 第三部分

英語知識運用（共兩節，滿分45分）

第一節 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1．5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A, B, C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all

places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want

somewhere else instead.I had the

of seeing this first hand on a

44.My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team.They did well this season and so

a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams.This led to some 46 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams

trained.Through the first two games, her

did not get one serious shot on goal.As a parent, I

seeing my daughter playing her best，50

still defeated.It seemed that something clicked with the

between Saturday and Sunday.When they

for their Sunday game, they were

different.They had begun to integrate(融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had

the day before into their

55.They played aggressively and

scored a goal.It

me that playing against the other team was a great

moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle.59

is the best teacher.The lessons they learned may not be

what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.41.A.public

B.traditional

C.official

D.special 42.A.passes

B.works

C.lies

43.A.dream

C.habit

44.A.trip

C.weekend

45.A.won

C.organized

46.A.painful

C.common

47.A.less

C.newly

48.A.fans

C.class

49.A.imagined C.avoided

50.A.if

C.but

D.ends

D.chance

D.square

D.watched

D.practical

D.better

D.team

D.missed

D.as

B.idea

B.holiday

B.entered

B.strange

B.poorly

B.tutors

B.hated

B.or

51.A.girls

B.parents

C.coaches

D.viewers 52.A.dressed

B.showed up

C.made up

D.planned 53.A.slightly

B.hardly

C.basically

D.completely 54.A.seen

B.known

C.heard

D.read 55.A.styles

B.training

C.game

D.rules 56.A.even

B.still

C.seldom

D.again 57.A.confused

B.struck

C.reminded

D.warned 58.A.touching

B.thinking

C.encouraging

D.learning 59.A.Experience

B.Independence

C.Curiosity

D.Interest 60.A.harmful to

B.mixed with

C.different from

D.applied to 第二節 語篇填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。

The adobe dwellings(土坯房)61（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even

most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their

(able)to “air condition” a house without

64(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat

65(slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough

(cool)the house during the hot day;67

the same time, they warm up again for the night.This cycle

(go)day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As

(nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly

thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.第Ⅱ卷

第四部分 寫作（共兩節，滿分35分）

第二節

短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞作斜線（）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.Mom said,“How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.第二節 書面表達（滿分25分）

86.假如你是李華，計劃和同學去敬老院（nursing home）陪老人們國重陽節（the Double Ninth Festival）。請給外教Lucy寫封郵件，邀她一同前往，內容包括： 1.出發及返回時間；

2.活動：包餃子、表演節目等。注意：

1.詞數100左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫； 3.結語已為你寫好。

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply.Yours Li Hua

【參考答案】 【答案】 21.C 22.A 23.D 24.D 22.A 詞義推測題。根據后一句，幸運的是，我不用整晚上看電影了，否則我不能睡覺了，故選A。

23.D 細節理解題。根據文章最后一段，可知作者修電視機花了62美元，故選D。

24.D推理判斷題。根據開頭說：沒有電視節目就可以睡覺，中間還說晃動電視來鍛煉肌肉，可知作者語調幽默。故選D。考點：故事類短文閱讀

【答案】 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.A 26.B 細節理解題。根據第三段第二句話in one study,......可知在藍色的房間內人吃的相對較少。

27.C 推理判斷題。最后一段介紹，要想少吃，要用小碗小勺，前面介紹說到，吃得快，房間暗會增加飲食，放舒緩的音樂有助于減少飲食的速度和進食量。故選C。

28.A主旨大意題。根據開頭的后文可知，本文就房間的布置給那些想減肥的人士提了一些建議。所以選A可以更好地概括全文。

考點：科普類短文閱讀

【答案】 29.C 30.A 31.B 32.C 30.A 細節理解題。由人名定位到短文第三段。第三段在說它的優點，有間隔年之后再去上大學，會讓人更成熟有責任感，對大學的學習有幫助。故選A?？键c：社會社會類短文閱讀

【答案】 33.B 34.D 35.A 34.D細節理解題。根據每一部分的價格介紹：Tour A到3月17日為￡37，Tour B為￡36，Tour C為￡37，Tour D為￡33，故選D。

35.A細節理解題。根據Hampton was once the home of four Kings and one Queen判斷答案為A?？键c：廣告類短文閱讀。

【答案】 36.C 37.E 38.A 39.D 40.G 37.E考查對上下文的理解。上文提到：穿著鞋走走路以確保合適，下文提到跑。所以這里應該說如果穿著的感覺很好，就可以跑了。故選E。

38.A考查對上下文的理解。上文提到練習的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，所以這里應該是練習一周后稍做休息，一周是6天，故選A。

39.D考查對上下文的理解。這里在討論逐漸加長跑步的距離，每天增加一定的距離才合理，故選D。

40.G考查對上下文的理解。最后是提速。在規定的距離內如何訓練自己跑得快。這樣才能參加比賽。故選G?？键c：生活類短文閱讀。

【答案】 41.B 42.C 43.D 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.D 48.D 49.B 50.C 51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.A 57.B 58.D 59.A 60.C 42.C考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A.passes傳遞；B.works起作用；C.lies在于； D.ends結束。本句應該分析句子結構：the learning 后是定語從句you really want，所以這里所填的是做謂語的動詞。真正想要的學習卻不在上述的這些地方，在其他的地方。故選C。

43.D考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A.dream夢想；B.idea想法；C.habit習慣；D.chance機會。我有機會看到了這樣的學習。44.C考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A.trip旅行；B.holiday假期；C.weekend周末；D.square廣場。從下文的周六的比賽會很艱苦和It seemed that something clicked with the

between Saturday and Sunday.可知，是周末發生的事。

45.B考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A.won贏；B.entered進入；C.organized組織；D.watched觀看。從下文可知，女兒所在的足球隊打得好所以進入了錦標賽。

46.A考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A.painful痛苦的；B.strange奇怪的；C.common普通的；D.practical 實用的。由語境可知，對手比作者女兒的隊better trained，可以推斷這將是一場痛苦的比賽。

47.D考查副詞以及對語境的理解。A.less少于；B.poorly差的；C.newly新的；D.better更好的。根據常識可知，進入錦標賽的一般都是訓練更好的隊伍。

48.D考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A.fans粉絲；B.tutors教練；C.class班；D.team隊。根據上下文可知，是女兒所在的足球隊沒進球得分。49.B考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A.imagined想象；B.hated不喜歡；

C.avoided避免；D.missed想念，錯過。作為家長，一般都不會喜歡看自己的孩子盡力了，又要輸。

50.C考查連詞以及對語境的理解。A.if 如果；B.or或者；C.but但是；D.as因為。根據上文可知，沒進球，自己的孩子盡力了卻要輸，這是作為家長所不愿意看到的。

51.A考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A.girls女孩；B.parents家長；C.coaches教練；D.viewers觀眾。本文一直在說女兒，當然應該是說女孩子們的變化。

52.B考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A.dressed給??穿衣服；B.showed up出現；C.made up編造；D.planned計劃。從下文可知，周日和周六的表現完全不同。

53.D考查副詞以及對語境的理解。A.slightly輕微地；B.hardly幾乎不；C.basically基本地；D.completely完全地；根據后面文章可知，這些孩子們表現和之前完全不同，completely符合語境。54.A考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A.seen看；B.known

知道；C.heard聽到；D.read讀。她們把她們所看到的球隊的打法運用到自己的比賽中。

55.C考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A.styles風格；B.training

訓練；C.game比賽；D.rules規則。她們把前一天在賽場上看到的打法和團隊精神運用到自己的賽場上。所以才和以前不同。59.A考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A.Experience經歷；B.Independence獨立；C.Curiosity好奇；D.Interest興趣。結合全文的意思可知，經歷是最好的老師。

60.C考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A.harmful to對??有傷害；B.mixed with混合；C.different from不同；D.applied to應用于。親身體驗得到的東西和在學校里學到的可能不同，但是更有個性有意義。

考點：教育類短文閱讀。

【答案】 61.built 62.the 63.ability 64.using 65.slowly 66.to cool 67.at 68.goes 69.natural 70.how 64.using

介詞without后接動名詞use去掉字母e再加-ing。65.slowly 用slow的副詞形式slowly修飾動詞give out.66.to cool 形容詞加enough后接不定式。67.at

at the same time是固定詞組。

68.goes

根據上下文，此處用一般現在時態。這種循環日復一日。

69.natural 形容詞做定語修飾名詞architects。

70.how 根據句意，應用how修飾形容詞thick，連接賓語從句?？键c：語法填空。

【答案】

71.parent改為parents 72.on改為in 73.very去掉 74.looks改為looking 75.where改為that 或者去掉 where 76.begun改為began 77.telling改為told 78.a改為the 79.saw后加his 80.terrible改為terribly 【解析】

試題分析：本文講述了小男孩Tony和父母上街購物，街上人多，Tony沒有告訴父母就獨自進了一家商店，結果和父母走散，后來在街上又得以相見的故事。71.parent改為parents 看下文可知，是父母兩個，所以用parents。72.on改為in Tony走進商店，說明玩具在櫥窗里面，用in。73.very去掉

這里是“如此喜歡以至于”的意思，應該是：like so much that?.74.looks改為looking after之后跟從句或v-ing形式，故looks改為looking。

75.where改為that 或者去掉 where found后面的賓語從句是陳述句，故where改為that或者去掉where。

76.begun改為began and前后的謂語動詞時態要一致，故begun改為began。

77.telling改為told and前后的謂語動詞時態要一致，see和tell是并列謂語，故telling改為told。

78.a改為the 由上下文可知，此處shop是第二次出現，應該用定冠詞，故a改為the。

79.saw后加his 由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。

80.terrible改為terribly 修飾形容詞worried要用副詞，故 terrible改為terribly?？键c：語法填空。

Dear Lucy, I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.It is the day for the elderly in our culture.We’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there.We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon.If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the gate at 9 in the morning.Looking forward to your reply.Yours Li Hua 【解析】

試題分析：本篇書面表達屬于英文書信，根據提示信息說明邀請Lucy去參加的活動和時間等。寫作時注意以下幾點：

1、仔細閱讀有關提示，弄清試題提供的所有信息，明確三個要點：邀請、時間、具體活動。

2、提綱是文章的總體框架，要在提綱的范圍內進行分析、構思和想象。要依據提示情景或詞語，按照一定邏輯關系來寫。本文寫作時可以按照要點所給的順序寫。

3、根據要表達的內容確定句子的時態、語態；就本文而言應該用一般將來時態。4.注意使用高級詞匯和句式，以增加文章的亮點。【亮點說明】本文結構緊湊，層次分明。We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.中用了which引導的定語從句和句式spend time doing。此外，還有if從句以及一些短語如invite you to join us，for a visit to，make dumplings等?？键c：考查提綱作文。

第四篇：2017高考真題北京卷 語文

2017年高三2017年北京卷語文

語文

簡答題（綜合題）（本大題共4小題，每小題____分，共____分。）

1.閱讀下面材料，完成1—8題。材料一

首都博物館正在舉辦兩個精品展，一個是南昌漢代漢昏侯考古成果展，一個是紀念殷墟婦好墓考古發掘四十周年特展。展覽甫一開始，便引來熱切關注，預約名額很快告罄。文物曾“無人問津”，只為少數專家學者所識，如今竟備受大眾青睞。這反映了大眾對文物價值的渴求，也提醒我們，要合理利用文物，充分發掘其文化內涵，讓沉睡的古老文物“活”起來，發揮它們在公眾知史愛國、鑒物審美，以及技藝傳承、文化養心等方面的作用。文物是人類觸摸歷史的“活化石”，每一件文物都是歷史故事的講述者。一件件出土文物，一個個考古故事，足以讓每個觀展者沉浸在千年歷史之中——無論是拿著放大鏡對著一枚玉器細細觀察的老人，還是那些被罕見金餅“亮瞎眼”的年輕人。很難想象，三千多年前的工匠，如何將一塊玉石切割成型，又琢磨成高8.1厘米，厚只有0.3厘米、憨態可掬的對尾鸚鵡。那一套套大氣而不失華麗的西漢編鐘，雖靜默無聲，卻仿佛讓我們聽到了古老的宮商角徽羽……那些走向博物館的熱切步伐，讓我們看到了經濟快速發展后現代人對“精品文化”消費的需求，更看到了現代人對自己從哪里來、到哪里去的歷史追問。精美的文物凝聚著工匠們的心血和智慧，不僅代表了當時高超的技藝水平，而且有助于現代技術發展。古代不少青銅器都是用失蠟法制造的。20世紀初，德國人曾用失蠟法鑄造工業用齒輪；1929年，又對失蠟法進行改造，以硅酸乙酯為耐火涂料，用熔點達1500℃的鉻鎢鈷合金制成假牙。第二次世界大戰期間，美國人奧斯汀在云南保山見到用失蠟法鑄成的青銅器，大受啟發，鑄成了噴氣發動機葉片和渦輪盤。之后，失蠟法技藝發展成為現代精密鑄造技術。

（取材于楊雪梅、黃洋的相關文章）

(1)下列對材料一的理解，不正確的一項是()（3分）A.以前因為精品不多，所以文物展覽觀者寥

寥B.要合理利用文物，發掘其內涵，發揮其作用C.文物熱反映大眾對“精品文化”消費的需求D.奧斯汀從失蠟法鑄造的青銅器中得到了啟發

(2)下列加點字詞的讀音和解釋，全都正確的一項是（3分）A.甫一開始：“甫”讀作pǔ意思是“剛剛”B.告罄“罄”讀作qìng 意思是“盡”C.乏人問津“津”讀作jīn 意思是“路”D.憨態可掬：“掬”讀作jǔ 意思是“令人喜愛”

材料二

文物與大眾親密接觸才能實現其價值，可是與海量文物庫藏相比，目前展出的文物只是九牛一毛。由于展出空間有限、擔心損毀等原因，很多文物都“藏在深閨人未識”。感謝數字技術，打破了層層壁壘，盤活了很多被“雪藏”的文物，使之在線上“活”起來。大眾足不出戶，便可欣賞到以前難得一見的珍貴文物。在尊重歷史文化遺產的基礎上，數字技術不斷將今人的創造融入傳統文物，使之獲得了新生。文物不再僅僅是擺在展柜里的靜態展品，而以更加豐富多彩、生動活潑的方式走進大眾，真正“活”了起來。

動漫技術在文物的文化創意中越來越受重視。三星堆博物館與四川省文物考古研究院合作推出了數字動漫《神樹的傳說》，以新近發掘的?；韬钅篂樗夭牡膭赢嬜髌贰逗；枘хR》也在緊鑼密鼓地籌備著。借助動漫，專業的學術介紹變成了幽默的旁白和“萌萌噠”的漫畫，“高冷”的文物也一下子變得活潑起來，實現了學術性、趣味性和藝術性的同意。其實，早在1981年，我國已有讓文物“活”起來的動畫作品——上海美術電影制片廠根據敦煌壁畫《鹿王本生》的故事創作了《九色鹿》。無數人通過這部動畫片知道了莫高窟，看到了敦煌壁畫。

移動應用程序（APP）以新鮮時尚的方式提供給觀眾審美與求知、娛樂與鑒賞的多元文化體驗。過去，由于保存和展出的特殊要求，五代的《韓熙載夜宴圖》能夠呈現在觀眾面前的機會十分有限。故宮博物院推出的《韓熙載夜宴圖》APP彌補了這一缺憾，讓觀眾隨時隨地可以欣賞這幅傳世經典的精妙之處，在鮮活的文化體驗中感受中國古代繪畫作品的非凡魅力。此APP獨創了三層立體賞析模式——總覽層、鑒賞層和體驗層，使這幅“數字畫卷”可遠觀、可近賞，全方位向觀眾解讀畫作中的每個細節。點開APP，琵琶聲起，撥動江南寂靜的月色，觀眾仿佛隨著畫家顧閎中一起，走進韓府。畫卷中的墨痕筆意、人物的衣紋表情都纖毫畢現。輕輕觸動屏幕，指尖所至之處，似有燭光追隨；移動“燭光”，人物、用品的名稱、典故一一呈現，如同“秉燭夜讀”，在靜夜里與千古佳作“對話”……忽然之間，畫中人“活”了起來，樂伎輕掃琵琶，舞伎翩翩起舞，畫與真實的界限瞬間模糊起來，觀眾沉浸在畫卷創造的藝術氛圍之中。

虛擬現實技術（VR）借助計算機圖形系統、傳感器技術等生成三維環境，創造出一種嶄新的人機交互狀態，通過調動用戶的多種感官，帶來沉浸感覺。以前，游客只能在兵馬俑坑外觀看，有了VR技術，戴上特制的眼鏡，你會發現自己置身坑內，變身成了一個兵馬俑，低頭就能看到自己的身體——殘破卻依然威嚴。抬起抬頭來，你會發現博物館的穹頂慢慢向兩邊散開，建筑逐漸退去，轉化成荒野，風沙彌漫，你的身體同時下沉，身處地表起伏的俑坑之中，周圍是千軍萬馬……（取材于胡克非、張英等的相關文章）

(3)根據材料二，下列對數字技術作用的理解，不正確的一項是()（3分）A.讓大眾了解到更多文物 B.增強了文物的學術性價值C.增強文物欣賞的趣味性 D.幫助大眾更好地理解文物

(4)根據材料二，下列成語中最能準確表達VR技術帶給人的體驗的一項是()（3分）A.身不由己 B.感同身受 C.設身處地 D.身臨其境

(5)根據材料一和材料二，文物原來只為少數專家學者所識，現在卻走近了大眾。如果用詩句來描述這一現象，下列最合適的一項是()（2分）A.此曲只應天上有，人間能得幾回聞B.十年窗下無人問，一舉成名天下知C.莫愁前路無知己，天下誰人不識君D.舊時王謝堂前燕，飛入尋常百姓家

材料三

有的博物館認為保護好文物不出事情是頭等大事，將文物封閉在庫房，秘不示人，覺得這樣才可以確保萬無一失。其實不然，“流水不腐，戶樞不蠹”，有些文物同樣如此。2010年浙江省博物館利用館藏的“彩鳳鳴岐”和“來凰”，舉辦了唐代雷琴演奏會。古琴屬于漆器，很難保存。這兩把古琴之所以能歷經千年保存下來還能使用，是因為歷朝歷代都有人使用它。古琴在安裝上琴弦以后，才能保持力學上的平衡，不至于散架。

數字技術使文物在線上“活”起來，更是對文物的一種保護。敦煌石窟集珍貴性、脆弱性于一身，歷經千年的莫高窟藝術品，每一件都像岌岌可危的病人，游客的參觀成為莫高窟最大的隱患。2003年，莫高窟全年游客接待量為30多萬人次，2014年已增長到81萬人次。根據測算，莫高窟一天的游客接待量極限在3000人次左右，而黃金周的日接待量曾超過2萬人次，莫高窟不堪重負。實驗檢測數據顯示，40個人進入洞窟參觀半小時，洞窟內空氣中的二氧化碳含量升高5倍，空氣相對濕度上升10%，空氣溫度升高4℃，這都有可能侵蝕壁畫，加速其老化。在自然和認為因素的雙重作用下，彩塑和壁畫正在緩慢退化，千百年后人們何以領略莫高窟的神韻？

面對日益增多的游客，如何化解保護和利用的矛盾？敦煌數字化工程，猶如一縷明媚的科技之光，照進古老的莫高窟。有了數字化展示中心，游覽模式發生了變化，藝術體驗搬到洞窟外面，游客先通過數字化體驗藝術“做足功課”，再進個別洞窟實際體驗。這種模式既能滿足游客看真品的需求，同時又減少了在洞窟內的停留時間，減少了對莫高窟的破壞。中心建成后，游客停留時間由2小時縮短至70分鐘左右，莫高窟最高日接待游客量因此可提高到6000人次。

(6)根據材料三，下列關于文物保護的說法，不正確的一項是()（2分）A.將文物“深藏閨中”不是最好的保護方法 B.實際上有些文物使用起來反而有利于保存C.二氧化碳含量的降低會加速壁畫的老化 D.彩塑和壁畫的退化也有自然因素的作用

(7)根據材料三，下列對敦煌“數字化展示中心”作用的理解，不正確的一項是()（2分）A.減少了莫高窟的游客接待量B.改變了洞窟的游覽模式C.縮短了游客在洞窟內的停留時間 D.減少了游覽對莫高窟的破壞

(8)請結合上述三則材料，簡述讓文物“活”起來的含義與作用。（6分）2.閱讀下面的文言文，完成9—14題。

秦廢封建

秦初并天下，丞相綰等言：“燕、齊、荊地遠，不置王無以鎮之，____。” 始皇下其議，群臣皆以為便。廷尉斯曰：“周文、武所封子弟同姓甚眾，然后屬疏遠，相攻擊如仇讎，諸侯更相誅伐，天子不能禁止。今海內賴陛下神靈一統，皆為郡縣。____，甚易制；天下無異意，則安寧之術也。置諸侯不便?！笔蓟试唬骸疤煜鹿部鄳鸲凡恍?，以有侯王。賴宗廟天下初定，又復立國，是樹兵也，而求其寧息，豈不難哉!廷尉議是。”分天下為三十六郡，郡置守、尉、監。

蘇子曰：圣人不能為時，亦不失時。時非圣人之所能為也，能不失時而已。三代之興，諸侯無罪不可奪削，因而____，可得乎？此所謂不能為時者也。周衰，諸侯相并，齊、晉、秦、楚皆千余里，其勢足以建侯樹屏。至于七國皆稱王，行天子之事，然終不封諸侯，不立強家世卿者，以魯三桓、晉六卿、齊田氏為戒也。久矣，世之畏諸侯之禍也，非獨李斯、始皇知之。

始皇既并天下，分郡邑，置守宰，理固當然，如冬裘夏葛，時之所宜，非人之私智獨見也，所謂不失時者，而學士大夫多非之。漢高帝欲立六國后，張子房以為不可，李斯之論與子房無異。高帝聞子房之言，知諸侯之不可復，明矣。然卒王韓信、彭越、英布、盧綰，豈獨高帝所為，子房亦與焉。故柳宗元曰：“____” 昔之論封建者甚眾，宗元之論出，而諸子之論廢矣，雖圣人復起，不能易也。故吾取其說而附益之，曰：凡有血氣必爭，爭必以利，利莫大于封建。封建者，爭之端而亂之始也。自書契以來，臣弒其君，子弒其父，父子兄弟相賊殺，有不出于襲封而爭位者乎？____至漢以來，君臣父子相賊虐者，皆諸侯王子孫，其馀卿大夫不世襲者，蓋未嘗有也。近世無復封建，則此禍幾絕。仁人君子，忍復開之歟？故吾以為李斯、始皇之言，柳宗元之論，當為萬世法也?！?】（取材于宋·蘇軾《東坡志林》）注釋：【1】書契：指有文字記載。

(9)下列對句中加點詞的解釋，不正確的一項是()（3分）A．然后屬疏遠 屬：親屬B．諸侯更相誅伐 更：交替C．子房亦與焉 與：參與 D．不能易也 易：交換

(10)下列各組語句中加點詞的意義和用法，不同的一項是()（3分）A．以有侯王 爭必以利B．三代之興 知諸侯之不可復C．而學士大夫多非之 而諸子之論廢矣 D．襲封而爭位者 君臣父子相賊虐者

(11)下列對文中語句的理解，不正確的一項是()（3分）A．請立諸子 請立各位皇子為諸侯王B．諸子功臣以公賦稅重賞賜之

諸皇子和功臣們皆封侯并用國家的賦稅重賞他們C．君之雖欲罷侯置守，可得乎 君主即使想要廢除封侯的制度設置郡守，能行得通嗎D．封建非圣人意也，勢也 分封諸侯的制度不是圣人的本意，而是時勢使然(12)將下面的句子譯為現代漢語。（6分）①時非圣人之能為也，能不失時而已。

②自三代圣人以禮樂教化天下，至刑措不用，然終不能已篡弒之禍。

(13)下列對文意的理解，不正確的一項是()（3分）A．文題“秦廢封建”意指秦王朝建立后廢除了三代以來分封諸侯的國家制度。B．始皇不急于說出己見，而讓群臣議論丞相的諫言，群臣多贊成丞相的意見。C．廷尉李斯深諳時移世變，以史為鑒，力排眾議，反對恢復分封諸侯的制度。D．蘇東坡學養深厚，縱論古今，鞭辟入里，指出了分封制和郡縣制各有優劣。

(14)第三段末句“故柳宗元曰：‘封建非圣人意也，勢也’”，這是作者借柳宗元的話做出的判斷。請用自己的話具體說明作者做出這個判斷的直接依據。（5分）3.本大題共4小題，共18分。閱讀下面這首詞，完成15—18題。曉行巴峽 王維 際曉投巴峽，馀春憶帝京。晴江一女浣，朝日眾雞鳴。水國舟中市，山橋樹杪行。登高萬井出，眺迥二流明?！?】人作殊方語，鶯為故國聲。賴多山水趣，稍解別離情。注釋：【1】樹杪：樹梢。

（15）下列對本詩的理解，不正確的一項是（）（3分）A.巴峽鄉邑旭日東升，眾雞鳴唱，晴朗的江邊一個女子在浣洗。B.水國鄉民在舟中行商，山上有橋，行人走在橋上，如在書樹顛。C.詩人登高遠眺，萬畝良田，井然有序，二水流過，分外澄明。D.詩人在暮春之際來到巴峽，山水之趣寬解著詩人的離愁別緒。

（16）“人作殊方語，鶯為故國聲”一聯中，鳥雀之聲傳遞了作者的思鄉之情。下列詩句采用這一寫作手法的一項是（）（3分）A.欲暮黃鸝囀，傷心玉鏡臺。（王昌齡《古意》）B.天寒雁聲急，歲晚客程遙。（晁補之《吳松道中》）C.蒼鳩鳴竹間，兩兩自相語。（張耒《感春》）D.殷勤報春去，恰恰一鶯啼。（楊萬里《和仲良春晚即事》）

（17）同樣是描繪山峽，《曉行巴峽》與下列詩句相比，在運用意象、抒發情感方面有何不同？請結合詩句，具體分析。（6分）

巴東三峽巫峽長，猿鳴三聲淚沾裳。（酈道元《水經注》）玉露凋傷楓樹林，巫山巫峽氣蕭森。（杜甫《秋興八首》）

（18）在橫線上填寫作品原句。（6分）

①本詩描繪的是巴峽風俗，而陶淵明《歸園田居》描繪的則是田園風光，其詩云：“ _______，________。狗吠深巷中，雞鳴桑樹顛。”

②本詩寫到了登高望遠，王勃《滕王閣序》中也有登高望遠的語句：“披繡闥，俯雕甍，_______，________?！?/p>

③本詩與辛棄疾《菩薩蠻》同為游記之作，辛詞云：“青山遮不住，畢竟東流水。________，_________?！?4.本大題共6小題，共24分。閱讀下面的作品，完成19—24題。

根河之戀

根河是鄂溫克人的母親河。

春天，根河從吼吼的冰層中泛起春潮，和的巨大生命力迸發開來，它推去堅木，歡快地伸展腰肢，向遠方那個而去。這破冰時節的河水才是它真正的本色，純真清冽，水晶一般透明。這條原自大興安嶺的河，原本的名字“葛根高勒”，正是清澈透明的意思。在一個個春天的日子里，根河回到童年，回到本真，然后再一次次豐滿成熟，將涓涓乳汁流送給兩岸的萬千生物。

傳統的鄂溫克人跟森林河流貼得最近。他們與馴鹿為伴，生活起居、狩獵勞動，都離不開看上去“四不像”的馴鹿。眼下，這些溫順的大鹿在全世界已所剩不多，鄂溫克人結束了最后的狩獵，放下了獵槍。他們離開森林，進入城市或遠走他鄉，但敖魯古雅部落受人尊重的長輩94歲的瑪麗亞·索一步也不想離開她的馴鹿。

一踏進根河，我就聽說了她美麗的名字。先前見到過作家烏熱爾圖為這位老奶奶拍的一張照片。白樺林里，老人穿著長袍，披著頭巾，側身站在一頭七叉犄角的馴鹿錢，她微微佝僂著身子，皺巴巴的手輕撫著鹿柔細的皮毛。鹿依偎在她的袍子下，那兒一定有著母親的氣息。她神色沉靜而堅毅，嘴角兩旁的皺紋宛如樺樹皮上的紋路，仿佛她的臉上就印著她相守了一生的森林。她或許就是根河的化身，充滿了母性的慈祥，又有著豐富的傳奇。年輕時她漂亮能干，是大興安嶺遠近聞名的女獵手，與丈夫在密林里行走，打到獵物無論多遠，總是她領著馴鹿運回部落。這位偉大的母親至今仍恬然生活在她的鹿群之中。其實我很想去為瑪麗亞·索拍一張照片。這些年，涌到瑪麗亞·索獵民點參觀游覽的人絡繹不絕，但我想，我這樣匆匆來去，怎能配得上她的豐厚？怎能有烏熱爾圖探望她時目光里的深沉呢？

因為烏熱爾圖是根河的兒子。當年，這位從小生活在大興安嶺的鄂溫克青年捧著他的《琥珀色的篝火》走上了文壇，剎時讓人眼前一亮。人們從他的小說里，認識了這個寂寞又熱烈的民族。出乎意料的是，烏熱爾圖后來辭去京官重返故鄉。時隔多年，當我行走在呼倫貝爾草原上，那些將天邊畫出蜿蜒起伏線條的山丘，那些怒放成海洋或孤零零獨自開放的鮮花，那些低頭吃草或昂頭沉思的馬群，還有那些袒露在草原上始終默默流淌的河，都讓人忍不住心潮起伏。這位鄂溫克作家返鄉的理由還需要問嗎？就是這草原這河流這民族，是祖先留在他身體里的血脈在涌動??！

烏熱爾圖在回到草原以后的日子里，完成了《呼倫貝爾筆記》等一系列著作和攝影作品，那是他數十載的文化尋根，是他作為一個鄂溫克的兒子，對母親的深情眷戀與報答。我們山外的人遠道來看山，原本住在山上的人卻搬下了山。

人類到了21世紀，越來越意識到人與自然必須平等相處。生活在根河的大多數鄂溫克人戀戀不舍地告別了山林，將更多的空間留給了無邊的草木以及馴鹿、黑熊、狼、灰鼠和蝴蝶。在離城市不遠的一個地方，新建了童話般的家園，這座小城就叫了根河。

我們去到那里時，從山林里搬出的鄂溫克人正三三兩兩地在自家門前干著一些零碎的活兒。男人穿著時尚的T恤和牛仔褲，女人們燙了發，有的還挑染成了黃的深紅的，她們的裙子仍然長長的，跟老去的瑪麗亞?索一樣，但卻是城市里流行的花色。

這里的房屋都是政府投資興建的，咖啡色外墻，小尖頂，搬進來的一家家鄂溫克人按照自己的想法裝扮屋子，盤算著未來。鄂溫克人與外族人通婚是常見的事情，近些年更為普通，他們的孩子大多取的是鄂溫克名字，成為這新部落的新一代。這里曾有過多年的繁忙，大興安嶺的木材源源不斷地從根河運往大江南北。眼下，過往的一切留在了畫冊里。伐木工變作了看林人，大批工人需要學習新技能，謀求新職業，他們在努力與以往告別，與未來接軌。

根河天亮得很早。走到窗前一看，根河就在眼前，河對面的廣場上已經有許多人在翩翩起舞，似乎這個小城的人都聚集在此了。根河的水伴著音樂蕩漾，我忍不住踱過根河橋，進入了舞者的歡樂。用不著有任何忐忑，大家都是這樣笑著來又笑著去的。這些根河小城中的曼妙舞者??！我模仿著她們舉手投足，扭動腰肢，想象著生活在此的種種愉悅。那是我度過的最為愉快的時刻。

陽光將河水映照得流光溢彩。____，我只能記住這些人和這些讓人眷戀的時光。（19）下列詞語在文中的意思，理解不正確的一項是（）（2分）A.恬然：自然放松，沉靜從容B.袒露：毫不遮掩，毫無保留地展現C.盤算：精打細算D.曼妙：舞姿輕盈而美麗（20）下列對文章的理解與賞析，不正確的一項是（）（3分）A.傳統的鄂溫克人生活在山里，以打獵為生，馴鹿是他們生活、勞動的重要幫手B.烏熱爾圖為瑪利亞·索拍攝的照片，生動地表現了她歷經的滄桑與母性的慈祥。C.第六段中作者運用排比和擬人的修辭手法，展現了呼倫貝爾草原的美麗風光D.搬出山林的鄂溫克女子穿上了城市里流行的裙子，過上了快樂時尚的新生活

（21）第二段寫出了根河的哪些特點？有什么象征意義？（5分）

（22）作者在結尾說“我知道我雖然來過了，但卻遠遠抵達不了這河的深奧”。請根據文意，說明“這河的深奧”的含義，“抵達不了”的原因及作者寄托的情感。（6分）（23）文章敘寫了瑪利亞，烏熱爾圖和走出山林的人們，請分別概括他們各自：根河之戀的表現。作者這樣構思體現了怎樣的匠心？（6分）

（24）鄂溫克人與根河有著密切的聯系。下列對經典作品中環境與人物的聯系，理解不正確的一項是（）（3分）A.大觀園是《紅樓夢》中人物活動的一個主要場所。正是這個眾姐妹詩意生活著的“世外桃源”，造就了賈寶玉力求擺脫世俗的叛逆性格。B.《邊城》的故事發生在20世紀30年代湘西小鎮茶峒。山明水凈的湘西風光，映襯了翠翠、爺爺、儺送等人物心靈的澄澈與人性的善良美好。C.《紅巖》講述的是在黎明前的黑暗里共產黨員在監獄中艱苦卓絕的斗爭。牢房的陰暗、劊子手的兇殘，突顯了革命者新年的堅定、意志的堅強。D.《阿Q正傳》寫的故事以辛亥革命時期的未莊為主要場景。趙太爺、假洋鬼子為代表的的統治階級對阿Q的壓迫和欺凌，是阿Q“精神勝利法”形成的重要原因。

書面表達（本大題共____分。）

5.微寫作（10分）

從下面三個題目中任選一題，按要求作答。180字左右。

①《根河之戀》里，鄂溫克人從原有的生活方式走向了新生活，《平凡的世界》里也有類似的故事。請你從中選取一個例子，敘述情節，并作簡要點評。要求：符合原著內容，條理清楚。

②請從《紅樓夢》中的林黛玉、薛寶釵、史湘云、香菱之中選擇一人，用一種花來比喻她，并簡要陳述這樣比喻的理由。要求：依據原著，自圓其說。

③如果請你從《邊城》里的翠翠、《紅巖》里的江姐、《一件小事》里的人力車夫、《老人與海》里的桑提亞哥之中，選擇一個人物，依據某個特定情境，為他（她）設計一尊雕像，你將怎樣設計呢？要求：描述雕像的體態、外貌、神情等特征，并依據原著說明設計的意圖。

書面表達（本大題共____分。）

6.作文（50分）

從下面兩個題目中任選一題，按要求作答。不少于700字。將題目抄在答題卡上。①紐帶是能夠七練習作用的人或事物。任性需要紐帶凝聚。當今時代，經濟全球化的發展、文化的交流、歷史的傳承、社會的安寧、校園的和諧都需要紐帶。請以“說紐帶”為題，寫一篇論文。要求：觀點明確，論據充分，論證合理。

②2049年，我們的共和國將迎來百年華誕。屆時加入請你拍攝一幅或幾幅照片來展現中華民族偉大復興的輝煌成就，你講選擇怎樣的畫面？

請展開想象，以“共和國，我為你拍照”為題，寫一篇記敘文。

要求：想象合理，有敘述，有描寫。可以寫宏達的畫面，也可以寫小的場景，以小見大。

答案

簡答題 1.(1)A(2)B(3)B(4)D(5)D(6)C(7)A(8)含義：借助數字技術，文物不再僅僅是擺在展柜里的靜態展品，而是以更加豐富多彩、生動活潑的方式走近大眾。

作用：1.使大眾更好地更全面地了解文物。2.可以更好地保護文物。2.(9)D(10)A(11)B(12)①時運不是圣人能夠左右的，（圣人）只是能夠不失去時運（或者“抓住時運”）罷了。

②從三代以來圣人用禮樂教化天下，以至于刑罰放置不用，但最終也不能終止篡權弒君的禍患。(13)D(14)①時勢、時運不是個人能力所能左右的，個人在時勢、時運面前只能順應，而無法改變。②李斯、張良等人因為對時勢、時運有清醒認識，所以能提出分封諸侯的建議，而消除因分封而產生的禍患。3.（15）C（16）B（17）意象：本詩選取浣女、雞鳴、舟市、山橋、萬井、鶯啼等富有生活氣息的意象，而另兩首詩歌選取的猿鳴、楓樹林等意象多為自然景物。

抒情：本詩作者陶醉于山水之趣，寬解了詩人的離愁別緒。另兩首詩歌都有沉郁惆悵凄涼之感，離家遠去思鄉之意。（18）

1）曖曖遠人村，依依墟里煙。2）山原曠其盈視，川澤紆其駭矚。3）江晚正愁余，山深聞鷓鴣。4.（19）C（20）D(21)參考特點：有生命力，歡快奔騰；純真清冽，清澈透明；水勢浩大，哺育萬物。象征意義：鄂溫克人的純明深厚博大的母親；也象征著鄂溫克人淳樸和頑強的民族性格。(22)參考含義：是指鄂溫克人的民族精神

原因：作者是作為游賞者而不并不是鄂溫克人，無法切實體驗這里生活的真意 情感：對這種愉悅的生活的贊美和向往(23)參考要點: 表現：瑪麗亞索——恬然的生活在鹿群里 烏熱爾圖——辭去京官重返故鄉

走出山林的人們——將更多的空間留給無邊的草木和動物,對根河對自然的摯愛。匠心：他們代表了鄂溫克人幾種典型的生活狀態，雖然生活方式和具體做法不同，但是都表現出對根河對大自然的無限深摯的愛戀。(24)A 書面表達 5.略 6.略

解析

簡答題 1.(1)A選項屬于無中生有，文中沒有提什么原因造成以前文物展覽參觀者寥寥，只是說“文物曾‘無人問津’，只為少數專家學者所識，如今竟備受大眾青睞”這一現象；B選項在文章第一段“要合理利用文物，充分挖掘其文化內涵。”，所以是對的；C選項在文章第二段段尾，“讓我們看到了經濟快速發展后現代人對‘精品文化’消費的需求”，所以是對的；D選項在文章第三段段尾“美國人奧斯汀在云南保山見到用失蠟法鑄成的青銅器，大受啟發，鑄成了噴氣發動機葉片和渦輪盤”，所以是對的。

(2)A“甫”讀作fǔ C “津”意思是“渡口” D“掬”讀作jū意為“兩手捧東西”。(3)B選項無中生有，文中提到三種數字技術的作用：一是動漫技術在文物的文化創意中越來越受重視；二是移動應用程序（APP）以新鮮時尚的方式提供給觀眾審美與求知、娛樂與鑒賞的多元文化體驗；三是虛擬現實技術（VR）借助計算機圖形系統、傳感器技術等生成三維環境，創造出一種嶄新的人機交互狀態，通過調動用戶的多種感官，帶來沉浸感覺。第二段中“實現了學術性，趣味性，和藝術性的統一”中是指實現三者統一，并不是說學術性本身有所增強，所以B選項錯誤；A選項第一段中“盤活了更多被雪藏的文物，使之在線上活起來，大眾足不出戶，便可以欣賞到以前難得一見的珍貴文物”，所以是對的；C選項第二段中，“借助動漫，專業的學術介紹變成了幽默的旁白和“萌萌噠”漫畫，使高冷需哦一的文物活潑起來，”，最后一段，身臨其境的感覺，所以是對的；D選項第二段中，動漫的形式活潑，第三段中，APP以新鮮時尚的方式提供給觀眾，第四段中VR技術讓用戶調動各種感官，都是更好的理解的體現，所以是對的。

(4)D選項身臨其境：親自到了那個境地；最符合VR技術帶給人的體驗，所以正確。A選項，身不由己：身體不由自己作主；B選項，感同身受：心里很感激，就象自己親身領受到一樣?，F在多比喻雖未親身經歷，卻如同親身經歷過一般；C選項，設身處地：設想自己處在別人的那種境地，指替別人的處境著想。

(5)D項“舊時王謝堂前燕，飛入尋常百姓家”意為當年貴族家中的燕子如今飛進尋常百姓家中，既然原文意思是說“文物原來只為少數專家學者所識，現在卻走近了大眾”，符合這一意思的就是D項。A選項“此曲只應天上有，人間能得幾回聞”意為這樣的樂曲只應該天上有，人間里哪能聽見幾回？意為贊美樂曲好聽；B選項“十年窗下無人問，一舉成名天下知”是說古代讀書人十年寒窗沒人知道，但當考上功名后，一舉成名天下皆知；C選項“莫愁前路無知己，天下誰人不識君”，意為不要擔心往后不會遇到知己，天下還有誰不認識你呢？指認識、了解的人多。

(6)C項正好說反了，原文中說“洞窟內空氣中的二氧化碳含量升高5倍……這都有可能侵蝕壁畫，加速其老化”。A選項在文中第一段說“將文物封閉在庫房，秘不示人，覺得這樣才可以確保萬無一失，其實不然”，所以是對的；B選項在文中第一段“這兩把古琴之所以經歷千年保存下來還能使用，是因為歷朝歷代都有人使用它”，所以是對的；D選項在第二段“在自然和人為因素的雙重作用下，彩塑和壁畫正在慢慢退化”，所以是對的。(7)A項正好說反了，原文中說“減少了在洞窟內的停留時間，減少了對莫高窟的破壞”，并且“ 莫高窟最高日接待游客量因此可提高到6000人次”。B選項第三段“有了數字化展示中心，游覽模式發生了變化”，所以是對的；C選項在第三段“同時又減小了在洞窟內的停留時間”，所以是對的；D選項在第三段“減少了對莫高窟的破壞”，所以是對的。

(8)三則材料都在說使文物“活”起來，就是運用先進的數字技術，使文物從展覽柜里走進大眾，結合文本，很容易概括出要點。2.(9)易：改變

(10)A連詞，因為/介詞，因為 B助詞，用于主謂之間，取消句子獨立性 C連詞，表承接關系 D助詞，表判斷

(11)“皆封侯”錯，文中并沒有“皆封侯”的意思，并且文本重點論述的就是不封侯，應翻譯為“諸位皇子和功臣可以用國家的賦稅分別重賞他們”(12)①時，時運；之，用于主謂之間，不譯；為，作為，引申為左右；也，表判斷；能，能夠；而已，罷了。②自，從；以，用；至，以至于；刑，刑罰；措，放置；然，表轉折，但是；已，終止；禍，禍患。

(13)D項“蘇東坡指出了分封制和郡縣制各有優劣”的說法不正確，根據原文，蘇東坡在文中明確表達了“故吾以為李斯、始皇之言，柳宗元之論，當為萬世法也?！钡挠^點，也就是說他認為分封制是有弊端的，文中并未論述分封制和郡縣制各自的優劣。(14)文中作者論述的是分封制的弊端，作者在第三段的判斷從上下文都能找到依據。3.（15）此題考查對詩歌內容的理解，根據對詩歌整體內容的理解和感知，抓住重點詞語“萬井”分析，“井”字在古漢語中指的是市井，村落，這里指山城住戶，萬井就是千家萬戶。詩人登高遠眺，看見的應該是千家萬戶的場景，而不是萬畝良田，井然有序。而且巴峽地形以丘陵、山地居多，很難有萬畝良田出現。A選項中，通過文字“際曉”可以看出是“旭日東升”，通過“眾雞鳴”可以看出眾雞鳴唱，通過“晴江一女浣”一句可以看出是晴朗的江邊一個女子在浣洗。B選項中，通過“水國舟中市，山橋樹杪行”兩句中，鄉民在舟中行商，橋很高，所以人在橋上行走，像在樹顛上一樣。D選項中，結合詩句“馀春”看出來季節是在“暮春”，通過“憶帝京”、“稍解別離情”可以得出詩人借山水之趣來寬解離愁別緒。

（16）此聯是借景抒情的手法，通過鶯聲渲染凄涼氛圍，表現作者的思鄉之情，B項也是通過雁聲的凄慘、歸家路途遙遠來渲染作者離家在外的思鄉之情和旅途中的孤獨，手法相同。

（17）《曉行巴峽》描寫了巴峽周圍的景色和風土人情。“清江”“浣衣的少女”“雞鳴”“江面上舟船”“江岸遠山”“山橋”等，這些美麗的景象。因為身在異鄉，難免有思鄉之愁。尤其是聽到人們說著異鄉方言，鶯啼還是故鄉聲音的時候。幸得山水有許多的意趣，才能稍稍緩解他的離別之情。

“巴東三峽巫峽長，猿鳴三聲淚沾裳。”選用“猿鳴”，猿聲凄異其哀轉之聲，正好與人臨于險境時之不安心聲相撞擊，產生驚懼之情，從而倍感凄楚，深味行路之難?！皽I沾裳”，從而產生“懷士”之心，后悔何為而遠離家鄉，遠離親人，涉險至此。

“玉露凋傷楓樹林，巫山巫峽氣蕭森”，選用“玉露”“楓樹林”等景物，“玉露”即白露，秋天，草木搖落，一片蕭條?！拔咨轿讔{”，詩人所在。用“凋傷”、“蕭森”給意境籠罩著敗落景象，氣氛陰沉，定下全詩感情基調。

（18）理解性默寫依然是考查重點，不僅要熟記相應的名句名篇，還要在理解語境的基礎上準確運用，能力要求很強。4.(19)C項的“盤算”本義為“心里算計或籌劃”，原文“盤算”是指鄂溫克人按照自己的想法在裝扮屋子，籌謀著未來的生活，題目中解釋為“精打細算”，在詞義側重點和感情色彩上有出入。A項的“恬然”是指瑪麗亞·索的生活狀態，根據前文“她或許就是根河的化身，充滿了母性的慈祥”，可以判斷“自然放松、沉靜從容”的解釋是符合文意的。B項的“袒露”在文中用來形容河流在草原上默默流淌，毫無遮蓋、毫無保留；所以“毫不遮掩、毫無保留地展現”的解釋是符合文意的。D項的“曼妙”本就用于形容舞姿的優美，所以“舞姿輕盈而美麗”的解釋是符合文意的。

（20）D項的內容主要出現在第10段——原文說“她們的裙子仍然長長的，跟老去的瑪麗亞?索一樣，但卻是城市里流行的花色”，她們的裙子并不是城市里流行的裙子，只是流行的花色。表達不準確。A項的內容主要出現在第3段——“他們與馴鹿為伴，生活起居、狩獵勞動，都離不開看上去‘四不像’的馴鹿”，所以A項是正確的。B項的內容主要出現在第4段——“皺巴巴的手……母親氣息……母性的慈祥”，所以“生動地表現了她歷經的滄桑與母性的慈祥”這些說法是正確的。C項的內容主要出現在第6段，排比與擬人的修辭很容易判斷出來。

(21)此題從文中提煉概括就行，文中第二段寫了根河的兩個特點，據此可以概括出根河的特點。第一段概括說根河是鄂溫克人的母親，已經將根河比喻為母親河第二段結尾也總結了象征意義。

(22)本文的主旨是要表達作者對鄂溫克人的民族精神的贊美，進而表達作者對美好、愉悅的生活的贊美和向往。結合這一主旨，能回答此題。

(23)結合文本，可分別概括出他們的不同表現，要準確、全面即可。三種人的“根河之戀”就是他們與這片土地的羈絆，是他們在這片土地的上最熱愛的東西，在文中都能找到具體內容。第二問涉及到文本的寫作思路和構思，文章敘寫的“瑪麗亞·索、烏熱爾圖和走出山林的人們”實際上代表了這片土地三代人不同選擇的故事，這一點其實內洽于文章的思路——試圖描繪一個民族全部歷史的微型畫卷，進而展望未來。

(24)A選項中賈寶玉力求擺脫世俗的叛逆性格并不是由“大觀園”造成的，而是由封建大家庭——賈府造成的，“大觀園”是賈寶玉的精神樂土。B、C、D三項環境和人物都符合。書面表達 5.微寫作1 寫作時要注意兩點：一是從《平凡的世界》中選擇的一個情節，需要體現從原有的生活方式走向新的生活的特點；二是點評時應突出新與舊、現代與傳統的關系。無論是敘述還是議論，應言簡意賅，點到即止。微寫作2 寫作時要注意三點：一是選擇的一種花應依據原著，體現人物的性格、性情、命運遭際等；二是比喻的形式應恰當；三是寫作時應按照命題相關形式要求，什么花比什么人，為什么要以這種花來比這個人。

命題特點：考查學生閱讀視野，要求學生有閱讀量基礎。對于名篇佳作精細閱讀，了解原著內容，作者意圖，會簡單賞析評價。6.題目1：《說紐帶》 命題特點: 這道作文題比較平實，接地氣，有利于引發考生從家庭、社會到民族、國家展開聯想和思考，有話可寫，有理可議。____: 寫作時可以對“紐帶”這一概念加以闡釋，就紐帶是什么、紐帶的作用、紐帶缺失的危害、怎樣維系紐帶等問題展開議論。寫作時要注意聯系現實，體現議論文的時代精神與社會價值。

題目2：“共和國，我為你拍照”

____：寫作體裁明確，貼近社會生活，任務要求清晰，考查考生關注社會熱點，結合“中國夢”，體現立德樹人思想,中華民族偉大復興等熱點話題，要求學生描繪宏大畫面或微小場景，思路清晰，采用記敘文，可寫度較高。

____：明晰記敘文的寫作要求，文體特征需要明確。關注題干要求，合理想象，注重描寫的場面，敘述技巧。中心圍繞“中華民族偉大復興的輝煌成就”，這就要求考生由現實生活入手，針對一帶一路、全面建成小康社會、2020中國制造、環境保護、雄安新區、雙創等中國熱詞出發，展開想象，細致描繪，抓住細節，生動展現。微寫作

第五篇：2013北京高考英語真題難度下降,四大特點凸顯

2013北京高考英語真題難度下降，四大特點凸顯

新東方在線陶然

2013高考已拉下帷幕，新東方在線優能中學網絡課堂、北京新東方優能中學高考英語輔導團隊第一時間對2013高考各省英語卷進行了解析和點評，以下是陶然老師對北京卷的解析。

陶然老師表示，關于2013年高考英語的整體印象有以下四點：

第一，今年的命題靈活度顯著下降

我們以往在命題的時候，探討試卷的時候，總會談到這樣一個命題，命題的靈活度，考察在知識點都是固定的，通過什么樣的方式把知識點呈現出來，這個題目學生看起來是什么樣的表現形式，學生能夠通過多少工作，把背后的考點挖出來。在以往幾年的北京卷，從2010年到2012年，特別是2012年的高考，命題的靈活度是很強的，言下之意，這個題目給學生設立了很多障礙，需要思考一下，真正的考察意圖把握一下。今年的命題靈活度顯著下降，很直接發現題目在考什么，不是自己想的太多的話，這個題目都會做的很好。第二，考察語言的綜合能力沒有發生變化。

我們的英語考試一直在努力要求這么一件事，考察語言的綜合運用能力。也稍微有點瘸腿，英語的語言應用，應該是聽說讀寫譯作，說和譯是短板的局面，關于說口語考試，高考以前的四月份進行考察，考察和簡單，各位都經歷過，非常的簡單，很容易。譯的功能在高考里面暫時還沒有體現，也是英文比較高級的要求。這時候要求語言綜合能力。把獨特的東西排除在外就是讀和寫的能力，讀和寫的能力，題型不變，考察的要求也不會變，考察語言的綜合能力沒有發生變化。

第三，傳統的考點仍然保持。

經過了這么多年高考命題。從02年一直到今年，有12年的歷史了，有些考點是重點，在今年的考試里面依然是重點，命題靈活度有些下降，這時候所謂的傳統考點就是基礎能力，能夠把基礎能力掌握的很好，這個卷子就能夠做的很好。這是2013年考試比較顯著的特征。第四，這個試卷的整體難度，相對于往年是大幅下降的.在考前其實有一些消息要傳出來，包括我們也能在一些新聞里面看到，為了減輕考生的負擔，今年要把考試難度下降一點，沒有任何人想到會下降這么多。

以上是新東方在線優能中學網絡課堂高考英語名師陶然老師對今年北京高考英語真題的四大印象，稍后將進行詳細解析，敬請關注。