第一篇：英語專轉本近義詞辨析

老聶的近義詞辨析

1.abandon desert discard quit

abandon: 放棄，丟棄，拋棄。指因為外界的壓力或影響完全放棄，因迫不得已而放棄，如: abandon obligation 放棄任務。

desert: 拋棄，舍棄，指某人或某物在困境中“被拋棄”。如: desert the baby after giving birth 生下嬰兒后將其拋棄。

discard: 丟棄，拋棄（老朋友或舊物）。如:discard one’s old friends 拋棄老朋友。

quit: 離開，退出，突然放棄。指主動放棄或離開。如: quit one’s job 辭職。

2.abolish cancel remove eliminate

abolish: 廢除，強調對法律或舊習慣的廢除。如: abolish slavery 廢除奴隸制。

cancel: 取消，強調對原定的會議、計劃、安排等取消。如: cancel the meeting 取消會議。

remove: 出去，撤去。強調位置的移動或從遠處消失。如: remove the stain from clothes 清除衣服上的污漬。

eliminate: 除去，剔除，淘汰。強調使徹底消失。如: eliminate sb.From competition 把某人淘汰出局，eliminate poverty 消除貧困

3.abuse curse condemn criticize abuse: 謾罵，辱罵；濫用，虐待。指出口惡言罵人。curse: 詛咒，咒罵。表示憤怒或嫉恨。

condemn: 譴責，強調由于不良行為或過失而受到強烈譴責。用于正式、嚴肅的場合。

criticize: 批評某人，強調指出某人的錯誤或不足之處。

4.accelerate speed hasten quicken

accelerate: 加速，既可指使物體加快速度運動，也可指使事情進程加快。如：accelerate the economic growth 加快經濟增長的速度。speed: 加速，指事物快速運動。hasten: 趕快，催促。指急忙地做某事。

quicken: 加快。指富有生機地將動作在更短的時間內完成。

5.accumulate assemble collect gather

accumulate: 積累，積聚。指有規則地、逐漸地=不斷地大量積聚（知識、財物等）。如：accumulate wealth 積聚財富。

collect: 收集，指有選擇地為了愛好而收集。如：collect coins 收集硬幣。

gather: 聚集，集合。指將分散的人或東西集結到一起。如：gather flowers 采集花朵。

6.accuse charge scold blame

accuse: 指控，指責。當面指控或指責，不一定訴諸法律。搭配為：accuse sb.of doing sth.。

charge: 控告，控訴，因犯較大錯誤或重大罪行進行法律控訴。搭配為：charge sb.with sth.。

scold:（憤怒地）責罵，訓斥，謾罵。搭配為：scold sb.for sth.。blame: 責備，指責，責怪。搭配為：blame sb.for sth.或blame sth.on sb.。

7.achieve accomplish complete finish

achieve:

達成，完成。指借努力而獲得一定成就。accomplish: 完成，指成功地完成了任務或目標。complete: 完成，指圓滿地完成了一項工程或作品等。finish: 完成，指“結束，使完結”，尤指日常事情的完成。

8.acknowledge admit confess recognize

acknowledge: 承認，指“公開承認”事情的真實性，常用于過去隱瞞或否認之事。

admit: 承認，指在外界壓力、證據下不得不承認，含有“不情愿”之意。confess: 坦白，供認，懺悔。指帶有嚴肅色彩地承認過錯或罪惡，含有“懺悔、坦白”之意。

recognize: 承認，認出。正式用詞，指“承認??????的合法性、真實性”等。

9.acquire attain gain obtain

acquire: 獲得，習得。指持續地、慢慢地獲得，多用于通過學習而獲得知識、技能、語言等。

attain: 獲得，達到。指經過相當長的時間或很大努力而得到期望已久的東西。

gain: 贏得，指通過相當的努力或拼搏得到有價值的東西。

obtain: 獲得，得到。指憑借努力或懇求得到急需的很想得到的東西。

10.adapt adjust regulate coordinate

adapt: 使適應，使適合。指修改或改變以適應新環境。搭配為：adapt to sth.如：adapt to the climate 適應氣候。adjust: 調整，對準。指稍作調整以完全符合或適應，語氣比adapt弱。搭配為：adjust to sth.如：adjust to the heat of his country 使適應這個國家的炎熱天氣。Adjust 后接具體事物時則表示“調節，調整”。如：adjust a camera 調相機。

regulate:調節，調整；以規章制度控制管理。指按所需規律進行調整從而使事物保持正常狀態。如：regulate traffic 管理交通。coordinate: 協調，調節。強調使（各部分、肢體等）協調，或協調動作。如：coordinate the function of government 協調政府的作用。

11.advise persuade convince prevail

advise: 勸告，忠告，建議?？勺骷拔飫釉~或不及物動詞 persuade:說服，勸服。具有“被說明”的意思。

convince: 使相信，說服。后跟介詞of，或接that從句。指使某人相信或說服某人而產生共識。

Prevail: 勸導，引誘，勸說。指勸說某人去做某事，后接介詞on或動詞不定式短語。

12.alter convert transform shift

alter: 修改，變動。指局部的、表面的小變化。如：alter a suit 改動衣服的尺寸。convert: 使改變，轉變。指從一種形式、用途等轉變為另一種。如：convert forests into farmlands 把森林變成耕地。

transform: 使變形，使改觀。指事物在形狀上的變化。如：transform the society 改變社會。

shift: 強調位置、地點、方向上的變化。如：shift one’s position 改變立場。

13.announce declare proclaim claim

announce: 宣布，發布。強調第一次“宣布，公開聲明”，指宣布公眾期望或與眾有關的事情，如書籍的出版，物品的發售，人的死亡、結婚、暴風雨和微機的來臨等。

declare: 宣布，宣告。指正式，負責的“宣布、聲明”戰爭、和平、中立、意見、結果等。

proclaim: 公布，聲明。指權利機關或政府領導在公共或正式場合向廣大群眾宣布重大事件，如公布政策、法令、戒嚴、計劃等。claim: 聲稱，主張，要求。指自稱如何或提出某種要求。

14.anticipate expect hope awai

anticipate: 預料，期望。強調事先有準備的。指以恐懼或高興的心情等待著所期望或猜想的事情發生。expect:預料，指望，期待。指有一定根據地盼望某事會發生或某人回來。

hope:希望，期望。指熱切期望并對獲得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心。

await: 期待，等候。指滿懷期望地等待，暗含肯定性。

15.appeal attract fascinate tempt appeal：吸引，迷住。搭配為：appeal to sb.既可指感官上的吸引，也可指情感或理智上吸引。

attract: 吸引，引起??????的注意。強調引起沖動或引起興趣。如：attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意。

Fascinate： 使??????著迷。指強烈的吸引，所表達的程度比本組內其他詞更深。

tempt: 吸引，吸引??????的興趣。指用誘人的條件使某人做某事。

16.appreciate enjoy relish cherish

appreciate: 欣賞，賞識，重視。指通過理解和鑒別事情的能力來充分欣賞該事物。

enjoy: 欣賞，享有，喜歡。指由于心理的滿足而喜歡、享受某種樂趣或某種權利。

relish: &a, mp;, nbsp;從……中得到樂趣，享受。尤指對食物的享受。cherish: 珍視，珍愛。指珍愛某一意念或一種感情而將其善藏心中。

17.argue dispute quarrel debate

argue: 辯論，爭論。指與某人爭論，而某人是錯誤的，使對方信服你使正確的。

dispute: 辯論，爭論，對?????? 質疑。指懷疑，某事而進行激烈的爭辯。

quarrel: 爭吵，吵架。指大聲爭吵，埋怨對方無盡無休。

debate: 爭辯，辯論。尤指再公共場合如集會或國會中所進行的辯論。

18.assure ensure insure reassure

assure: 使某人相信，向某人保證。搭配為：assure sb.of sth.或assure sb.that，如：assure safety of the operation 確保手術成功。ensure:保證，確保。常用于：ensure that??? 或ensure sth.(如：success, safety, supplies)句型。

insure: 保險，投保。搭配為：insure??? against，如：insure one’s house against fire給房子投保了火險。

reassure: 使安心，使放心。搭配為：reassure sb.about sth.。

19.agree consent comply approve

agree：同意，答應。指就做某事取得一致意見。與介詞with連用，指同意某人、某方或某種見解。有時與介詞to連用，指同意某事、贊成某一建議、計劃、決定或辦法。

consent: 同意。指答應某人已經提出或可能要你做的事。consent后接動詞to或動詞不定式。

comply: 同意。comply與consent同意comply后接動詞to。approve: 贊成。日常用語，指某人、某事是正確的或令人滿意的后接介詞of

20.arise arouse rise raise

arise: 產生，出現，發生。強調事物產生的結果，主要用于問題、困難等不好的事情的產生、發生、出現，不及物動詞。

arouse: 喚醒，引起，激起，指激起喚起某人的情感，常接anger, curiosity, fear, interest, sympathy, suspicion等體現感情、情緒、心理、態度之類的詞。

rise: 升起，上升，上漲，不及物動詞。raise:舉起，提高，及物動詞。

21.ban prohibit forbid restrain ban: 禁止，查禁。強調由官方頒布命令或法令來禁止，語氣最重。如：ban nuclear weapons禁止核武器。

Prohibit： 禁止，阻止。正式用詞，指官方以法律條文、文件等形式，在較大范圍內禁止人們做某事。搭配為：prohibit sb.from doing sth.。

forbid:不許，禁止。常用詞，多指某人提出要求直接禁止別人做某事。搭配為：forbid sb.to do sth.。

restrain: 抑制，遏制，阻止。多指心理情緒方面。如：restrain one’s temper 控制脾氣。搭配為：restrain sb.from doing sth.。

22.build construct establish found

build: 建筑，建造。指建造具體有形的建筑物，也指建立制度、國家等Construc：建筑，建造，建立。指鐵路、橋梁、道路等巨大的工程的修建。多用于書面語。

establish :建立，設立，確定。指建立國家、政府、事業、關系、威信以及單位等。

found: 建立，設立，成立。指創立城市、機關、學校、教堂、寺院、醫院等。

23.compel force oblige constrain compel:強迫，迫使。指由權利或不可抗拒的力量迫使某人做某事。搭配為：compel sb.to do sth.。

force: 逼迫，指用武力、權利、壓力強迫某人，有很強的暴力威脅意味。

oblige: 迫使?！氨破取钡囊馕逗苋?，指因承諾、道德、社會約束等使有必要做某事、不得不做某事。

constrain: 強制，脅迫。更側重于內心的作用（如良心、追悔、憐憫等）。

24.compose consist comprise constitute

compose:由……組成。表示某個整體由幾個部分構成，通常采用be composed of 的搭配形式。

consist: 由……組成。也表示某個整體由幾個部分構成，采用consist of夫人搭配形式。注意不用于被動句。

comprise: 包括，由……組成，及物動詞。如：to comprise 50 states 包括50個州。

constitute: 構成，及物動詞。表示由幾個部分組成某個整體，多用于主動語態。如：seven days constitute a week 7天構成一個星期。

25.confirm prove justify verify confirm: 證實，肯定，進一步確定。指證實已知的事實、原有的想法。如：confirm one’s reservation 確認預定。

prove:證明。指通過經驗或試驗證明事務的確切性或原理的可靠性。如：prove sb.’s innocence 證明無罪。

justify: 證明……正當，證明……有理。如：justify the decision證明該決定的正確性。

verify: 證實，核實。主要指對事件的看待、核實、鑒定等。如：verify the figures of a report 核實報告中的數字。

26.confident和confidant

confident“深信，確信，自信”。confidant“心腹朋友”。

She has no close confidant to whom she can turn for advice or help.她沒有知心朋友來幫助或是勸告她。

27.continual和continuous

continual“連續，繼續”；“頻繁的”；

continual bouts of toothache一陣接一陣的牙痛。(這中間可能有停頓或間斷。)continuous“連續”(指從不間斷的);

We have had three weeks of continuous rain.我們這里連續三周下雨不停。

28.might和could

might表明“possibility”。

could應該用來表明“permission”.Mum said we could(might)go to the football match.29.council和counsel

council“議事機構”，委員會； a cabinet council內閣會議。counsel“商議，勸告”；

follow sb's counsel close牢記某人忠告。

30.creditable和credible creditable“聲譽好的，可稱許(贊揚)的”； credible“可信的，可靠的”

He's the only one without a credible alibi(辯解，托辭)，他是惟一一個沒有可信托辭的人。

31.decisive和decided decisive“果斷的，斷然的”； decisive measures斷然的措施。decided“明確的，無疑的”； a decided success明顯的成功。

32.defective和deficient defective(having a fault or flaw)“有缺陷的”。deficient(lacking in what is needed)“不足的”； be deficient in欠缺。

33.definite和definitive definite(certain or clear, not vague)“明確的，一定的”。

definitive(authoritative, that cannot be improved)“限定的，決定性的，最后的”;

definitive host宿主；definitive organs定形器官；definitive sentence最后判決。

34.dependant和dependent dependant n.(one who depends on another for support)受贍養者。dependent adj.“依靠的，依賴的”

He's still dependent on state benefit.The rate of relief is dependent on one's income.35.discreet和discrete discreet“考慮周到的，慎重的”。discrete“分離的，分裂的”；

On closer examination, we find that the pattern is formed from thousands of discrete dots of colors

第二篇：英語近義詞辨析

英語近義詞辨析(一)abide, adhere, conform, comply 這四個高頻考詞都有“遵守”的意思，但是它們的搭配不同。abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。

I will abide by the director' decision.我將遵從主任的決定。

adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(當然adhere一詞的其它意思如“堅持；粘附”也經常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽車司機必須遵守駕駛規則。conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。

All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每個人都應該遵守政府制訂的法律。

comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服從”，用于正式的場合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我們公司遵守政府有關納稅的規定。

abnormal, uncommon, disordered 這三個單詞都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6當中經常讓考生們辨析它們的細微差別。abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕見)，指行為或現象(如氣候)的異常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree

centigrade.他的體溫三天來一直都不正常，最高的時候達到40.5攝氏度。(盡管身體發燒不正常，但生活中也時有發生。)uncommon a.罕見的，不平常的，指很少經歷或很少見到的狀況；特別的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.颶風在英國非常罕見。

That is uncommon instant coffee;it tastes great!那速溶咖啡質量上乘，味道好極了！disordered a.混亂的，雜亂的；(精神或身體)有病的。

We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我們聽不明白她條理不清的陳述。

abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish 這一組動詞都有“取消，除掉”的意思。

abolish v.指對法律、習俗、制度的廢除；完全破壞。

The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒稅。cancel v.對預先安排的某種活動(如旅行、計劃、會議等)的取消；刪去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.會議由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已經存在但是現在不需要的東西。The losing team was eliminated from further

competition.失利的那個隊被淘汰了，不能參加下一階段的比賽。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.醫生幫助他排出腸中毒素。

dispose v.處理，處置；表示“除掉、扔掉”時常與of連用。(這一點需要注意。)After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后請清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意識地除去字跡、聲音等。

I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁帶上錄音之前先消掉了上面的音樂。

exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在內，與include互為反義詞。

The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得進入該餐館。

extinguish v.熄滅，撲滅(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。

Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防隊員撲滅了大火。

abstract, digest, outline, summary 這一組名詞都有“要點，摘要”的意思。

abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指對學術論文或法律論據作的簡述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已經讀了他的書的概要。

digest n.(篇幅較長的)摘要，文摘，它是對原文的濃縮而不是對原文的簡單解釋，濃縮后仍保持原文的順序、重點和風格。Reader's Digest《讀者文摘》 outline n.要點，大綱，概要。

She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要談的想法列了一個提綱。

summary n.總結，摘要，指用寥寥數語概括文章或者講話的要點，不考慮原文的風格。

absurd, ridiculous, silly 這一組形容詞都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。

absurd a.荒謬的，可笑的，指因不符合常識、違反真理或不合邏輯而令人發笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.過去曾經有一種荒謬的觀點認為地球呈扁平狀而且靜止不動。

ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因為愚昧無知而令人發笑并成為笑柄，含有蔑視成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.僅僅根據一個國家的飲食來評價該國家的文化是荒唐可笑的。

silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于單純或者頭腦簡單而顯得愚蠢。a silly little boy傻小子

abundant, plentiful 這兩個形容詞都有“充足的”之意。

abundant a.(數量)充足的，常用于人、物產、資源、雨量等，含有“過多”之意。Oil is in abundant supply in this country.這個國家石油供應十分充裕。

plentiful a.豐富的，充足的，常用于食物、收獲、財產等，不能用于時間、空間、思想等方面。

Eggs are plentiful at this moment.現在雞蛋很多。

accent, tone, dialect 這三個名詞意思相近，容易混淆。

accent n.口音，指某一地區語言的發音特征；重音。

He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他講英語帶有西班牙口音。tone n.語氣，音調，指說話人的口氣或聲音的高低、輕重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的語調和他的嬰兒說話。dialect n.方言，土語，地方話，指一個地區人們所使用的語言。the Yorkshire dialect約克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言 access, assess 這兩個詞為一組“形近易混詞”。access n.接近，進入。

The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在這些公寓里的人可以免費地進入游泳池。assess v.評估(財產，價值)。

I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我評估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少錢。accommodate, afford, furnish 這一組動詞都有“提供”的意思。

accommodate v.提供住宿、房間；適應，迎合，遷就。

This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.這家飯店可供500位來賓住宿。

The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司滿足了顧客的愿望，連夜將貨物發了出去。

afford v.負擔，支付；當“提供”講時，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We can't afford that expensive sports car.我們買不起那輛昂貴的跑車。

The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.從這幢高樓上可以看到大海的美麗景致。

furnish v.指提供生活或某種用途所需要的東西。

Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.閱讀雖然為我們的思想提供了各種知識，然而只有思考才能將我們讀到的內容變成自己的東西。

accomplishment, attainment, achievement 這三個名詞都有“成就”的意思。

accomplishment n.成功，成就；才藝，修養。

Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.對于登山運動員來說，爬上了那座山就是成功。

Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.畫畫得好只是她的許多才能之一。

attainment n.指學識和造詣(常用作復數)；達到，到達。a scholar of the highest attainments造詣極高的學者

achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具體的“成績”，與accomplishment是同義詞。

accuse, charge 兩個動詞都有“控訴，指控”之意，但它們后面所搭配的介詞不同。accuse v.指控，控訴，與介詞of連用。

The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盜竊罪。

charge v.可以指因為小錯而受的責備，也指因違法而受到控告，與介詞with連用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了謀殺罪。acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure

這一組動詞都有“獲得，取得”的意思，在考研和CET-6當中屢次出現它們之間的辨析。acquire v.多指經過努力逐步獲得才能、知識、習慣等，也可用于對財物等的獲得，該詞強調“一經獲得就會長期持有”的含義。

It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通過學習，個人才得以獲得應付各種情況的習慣做法。attain v.指經過不懈的努力獲得未曾預料到的結果；也可指達到某一目標。

The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.這名銷售員完成了當月的銷售目標。obtain v.獲得，買到，用于正式語體中。

He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通過向銀行貸款買下了那份房產。gain v.指通過較大努力獲得某種利益或好處；亦可指軍事上的武力奪取等。

An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投資者通過所買股票價格上漲而得利潤。

earn v.掙得，贏得，指因工作等而得到報酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期掙多少錢？ achieve v.得到，獲得，多指成就、目標、幸福的取得。

The movie star achieved success and wealth.這個影星取得了成功和財富。

secure v.得到；把……拿到手，含有肯定占有難以得到的東西之意；使安全，保衛；作形容詞比較常見，意為“安全的”。

A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100萬人的簽名。

He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上離開前鎖好了辦公室的門窗。

acute, critical, crucial, urgent 這一組形容詞都有“嚴重的，重要的”意思。acute a.劇烈的，嚴重的；急性的(病)。

An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品嚴重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饑挨餓。

critical a.意為“關鍵的”，表示處于極度缺乏的狀態或事件的轉折點，與crucial相似。與crucial的區別在于它對缺乏的或危急的程度有更準確的衡量；還指“批判性的，分析性的It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.為了考好你必須用功學習，則你會不及格的。

crucial a.意為”決定性的，緊要關頭的，至關重要的“，最為籠統，適用于上述兩種情況。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消費者信心的增強對經濟的復蘇是至關重要的。

urgent a.意為”緊迫的，急迫的，緊要的“，它不強調所指的問題是最重要的，僅強調”緊急的“狀態。

We have an urgent need for help;we are running out of water.我們急需要幫助，我們的水就快要用光了。

adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary 這九個動詞都含有”調整、改變“的意思。

adjust v.一般指很小的改變或技術性的調整；修理。

I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我調節了空調以保持涼爽。

regulate v.指根據規定或需要對某物(機器、鐘表等)進行調整或調節，使之準確工作或運行；多含有”控制“之意。

Lights are used to regulate the traffic.紅綠燈被用來管制交通。rectify v.糾正，校正(錯誤、文章、合同等)。

He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯誤。

amend v.(正式用語)指修改文件、法律、規范等。

The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家們修正了這項法律以提供更多的就業。

convert v.改變某事物的形式或用途，還可以指改變信仰尤其是宗教信仰。

Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英國于1971年改用十進制貨幣體系。

He's converted to Catholicism.他已經皈依天主教。alter v.使事物在外觀、性質、用途等方面稍作改變。

The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁縫修改了我的褲腰因為它太緊了。

modify v.改變，修改，以使某物更趨完善，還可以用來表示態度、脾氣、意見變得溫和。He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗聲大氣，脾氣暴躁；朋友們告訴他要改變自己的舉止。

transform v.指徹底、深遠的改變，這種變化完全改變了外觀或特性，使被改變的對象脫胎換骨。

Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新裝修使這所陳舊昏暗的房子變得賞心悅目。vary v.強調沒有一定規則、陸續的變化或差異。

Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的機票價格各不相同。

admit, confess, concede 這幾個動詞都有”承認“的意思。

admit v.指由于說服、再三追問而”承認“某一事實或過錯。I admit that you have a point.我承認你有理。

confess v.供認(罪行、過錯等)，含有”坦白、招認“的意思。He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供認了他的罪行。

concede v.指曾想隱瞞或不愿意承認某一錯誤，但由于證據確鑿而不得不勉強承認，還可以指”以退為進“的承認。

The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成這次交通事故的人最終向警察承認他是肇事人。

affiliate, link, attach, append 這一組動詞都有”附加“的意思。affiliate v.加入，成為……一部分。an affiliated middle school一所附屬中學 link v.將人或物連接起來。

The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群眾臂挽著臂組成人墻。attach v.將某物系在、貼在、附在另一物上。

I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用別針將一張字條別在報告的后面。append v.增加，附加(與attach的意思比較接近)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律師在合同后又附加了兩頁。

affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim 這一組動詞都有”聲稱“的意思。

affirm v.堅信不疑地肯定或宣稱，是deny的反義詞。He affirmed his love for her.他發誓愛她。

assert v.指不管事實如何，主觀自信地宣稱，或者清楚有力地堅持某個情況為事實。She asserted that she was innocent.她宣稱自己是無辜的。allege v.在無真憑實據的情況下宣稱、斷定。The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯聲稱案發時他不在現場。

claim v.要求，聲稱，斷言。多指根據某種規定提出的要求或主張。

They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他們生成如果有更多的人騎自行車上班的話，鬧市區的汽車就會有所減少。

announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次當眾正式宣布某一主張或態度，常常帶有預告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷術的發明宣告了知識普及時代的來臨。

proclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指經過深思熟慮后向大眾宣布一個明確的決定或判斷，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方場合。

The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.當戰爭來臨的時候總統宣布進入緊急狀態。

aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify 這一組動詞都有”加強“的意思。

aggravate v.加重(負擔、罪行、病情等)，使之惡化。

I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的腳受傷了，而過早的下地走路又加重了傷情。

reinforce v.增援，一般用于軍隊或警察的行動；(以添加材料等)加固。

A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三個盜賊搶劫銀行，用無線電話要求增援。increase v.指數量上的增加。

The number of people has been increased.人數增加了。strengthen v.加強，鞏固，增強，相當于to become stronger。

Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天鍛煉可以提高心臟的功能。

Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人們認為競爭加強了民族性而不是破壞了它。

intensify v.使變得更強烈、劇烈，加劇，相當于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨 alert, cautious, considerate 這一組形容詞都表示”小心的，謹慎的“。alert a.警惕的，留神的。

The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁邊，時刻準備給大家斟酒。cautious a.細心的，謹慎的。

He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花錢的問題上他態度謹慎。considerate a.關心他人的，體貼的。

He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。

alive, live, living, lively 這一組形容詞都跟”活“有關。

alive a.活著的，有活力的，常作表語，作定語時必須后置。After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活著的人

live a.活的，有活力的，現場直播的。

We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我們通過電視觀看了這部歌劇的實況。living a.活著的，作定語可前可后，可修飾人也可修飾物。

Who is the world's greatest living artist?誰是現在還健在的世界上最偉大的藝術家？ living room起居室

lively a.活潑的，栩栩如生的。

She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是個活潑可愛的小姑娘，總是歡聲笑語忙個不停。

alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline 這一組動詞都有”減少，減輕“的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的減輕，緩和

The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼藥減緩了疼痛。

diminish v.指因為不斷消耗，在數量方面緩慢減少，也指在素質或者價值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于戰爭石油的供應減少了。reduce v.指人為地使某物在數量或重量方面的減少或降低。

He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他縮減了他們的開銷。decrease v.指數量上的減少；力量或者強度的減弱。

The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口數量急劇下降。decline v.(數目、價格、比率)下降；謝絕，婉言推辭；衰退，衰落。

Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請他吃飯的邀請。

allocate, separate, detach, divide 這一組動詞都有”分開“的意思。allocate v.分配，把……撥給。

The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的預算中給學校和警察部門分配了資金。separate v.人為地分開，使隔離開。

We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我們把沙拉叉與餐叉分隔開。detach v.拆開組合的物體；遠離，疏遠。

We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我們需要一名木匠將書架從墻上拆下來。

divide v.指將整體分為若干個部分。

The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.這家特大公司分成一些較小的公司。

ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim 這一組形容詞都有”模糊“的意思。

ambiguous a.意義含糊的，有歧義的，指因字、詞、句有歧義而使人感到模糊不清、難以理解和把握。

His ambiguous directions confused us;we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱兩可的指導使我們很迷惑以至于我們不知道該走哪條路了。obscure

a.用于表達因光線不足而使人看不清楚。該詞的引申意義可以表示語法、文字、記憶等因復雜、深奧、模棱兩可而使人看不懂和無法理解。

The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾茲拉?龐德的詩有時候難以理解，因為詩歌中含有許多令人費解的典故。vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意義，用來表示因邏輯關系不清、言辭籠統而導致的意義不清楚，該詞也可表示輪廓形狀的不清楚和模糊。

He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但沒有具體的計劃。

unclear a.指句意、字跡不清楚，使人難以看懂；不肯定的。Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字跡使人難以辨認。It is unclear whether the economy will get better.經濟是否好轉仍不明朗。dim a.光線暗淡的，看不清的；記憶力模糊的；不大可能的。Don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光線下工作。

His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康復的可能性十分渺茫。

amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand amplify v.擴大，增加，尤其指通過增強電壓或電流使聲音擴大；補充敘述(故事、事件等)。We must ask you to amplify your statement.我們得請你對你的說法作進一步的說明。enlarge v.擴大，多指具體物品如相片的放大。

enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house擴建房屋

stretch v.(有彈性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超過限度；伸長、伸出(身體某部位)并繃緊肌肉(尤指在放松后或為了夠著某物)。

The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.這件套頭毛衣我穿了幾次之后就撐大了。

Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早間工作之后，職員們站到桌子后面伸伸懶腰。magnify v.放大，指用透鏡或顯微鏡使物體看上去大一些。

His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能夠閱讀。reinforce v.增援，加固。

expand v.指范圍、體積的擴大、增大，也可以指內容或細節的充實。The balloon expanded, then exploded.氣球先是膨脹，然后就爆破了。

anger, fury, indignation, resentment 這一組名詞都有”憤怒、生氣“的意思。anger n.氣憤，生氣，是一般用語。

After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.爭吵之后，他一拳打在那個人的臉上以發泄怒氣。fury n.暴怒，大怒，程度較anger要強。indignation n.義憤，尤其指出于道義上的激憤。

general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽車票價突然猛增激起的公憤

resentment n.憤恨，怨恨，不滿，是正式用語，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到傷害后而產生的憤慨。

There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工資降低后，辦公室里怨聲載道。

apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct 這一組形容詞都有”明顯的“之意。

apparent a.明顯的，顯而易見的，尤其指容易觀察到或認識到的事物。

He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高興，顯然他現在想走了。

evident a.明白的，明顯的，與apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事實證明的事物。It is evident that he is guilty;his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.顯然他是有罪的，在犯罪現場發現了他的指紋。

manifest a.清楚的，明顯的，多指根據外部特征或跡象便能看出或了解其意義，常作表語。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出眾，但長相并不動人。obvious a.明顯的，顯而易見的，含有無可辯白，不需證明之意。

It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很顯然，那個婦女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的，明顯的；不同的，獨特的。修飾性質明顯不同的東西。

Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治療已使他的健康有了明顯的好轉。

applaud, clap, commend, praise applaud v.鼓掌，贊揚，指因精湛表演或某種行為得到別人的贊許，大聲叫好或熱烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表揚了我的工作，對我的努力表示贊許。

clap v.拍打，其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能說applaud one's hands。clap sb.為某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物

commend v.為正式用詞，用于對具體功績或成就表示嘉獎，通常指上級對下級、長輩對晚輩的贊賞。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老師表揚學生們的考試成績優異。

praise v.為一般用詞，用于對某人的優秀品質表示欽佩羨慕；贊頌，贊美。

A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管稱贊這位員工的工作做得不錯。

Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.墜機事件的幸存者贊頌上帝使他們得救。

area, district, region, vicinity, zone 這一組名詞都有”區域“的意思。

area n.泛指面積較大的地區；面積；專業領域。The New York area has high rents.紐約地區房租很高。district n.行政區劃的小范圍地區。如Xicheng district北京西城區 region n.行政區劃上更大的地區，如”自治區“；身體部位。

The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美國東北部包括紐約和新英格蘭地區的那六個州。vicinity n.周圍地區，附近地區。

The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因為逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地區。zone n.指特定的地方、地帶。

The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通過法律，在一些空地上開辟商業區。

assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium 這一組名詞都表示”會議“的意思。assembly n.集合，集會。

The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.學生們在大禮堂舉行集會。conference n.(專門性的)會議，討論會。

The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.關于世界經濟問題的會議在日內瓦召開。

congress n.代表大會，(美國的)國會。

Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美國國會通過的法律，人民一定要遵守。

rally n.(鼓舞士氣的)集會；群眾性集會。

The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教練召開了一個動員會，以便鼓舞士氣打好下次比賽。seminar n.(大學的)研究班，研討會。

During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里，一些教師在學院里參加研究班。

session n.(一屆)會議，回合。

the autumn session of Parliament議會的秋季會議 summit n.最高級會議，峰會(通常為領導人參加)。

Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年將在維也納舉行最高級會談。symposium n.(學術、科研方面的)座談會，專題報告會。

The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研討會持續了兩天。

assessment, estimate, evaluation 這一組名詞都有”評估“的意思。

assessment n.評估，估價，常常表示對于財產、價值的評估。

We have a low assessment on our property.我們對我們的資產評估很低。estimate n.估計，強調進行評估得出的結果，常與動詞give搭配。

The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.機械師給我的汽車修理費的粗略估計是200或300美元。

evaluation n.(對于能力，價值、工作業績的)評價，估價，常帶有肯定的、正確的含義。He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他對于我們的科學研究給予了積極的評價。

associate, ally, combine, unite 這一組詞都有”聯合“的意思。

associate v.交往，結交；聯系，聯想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示與某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某個方面合作。

We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里，我們同鄰居交往。ally v.使結盟，使聯姻，多與with搭配。

Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.幾個政治黨派聯合起來反對提高稅收。

combine v.聯合，化合，混合，多指為了某個目的將不同的人或物混合而成一個整體。The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黃油和面粉混合到一起做成面團。

unite v.聯合，合并，團結，尤指不同的事物或人組成統一體，強調結果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.國民團結一致共同對敵。

average, common, general, universal, usual 這一組形容詞都有”普通“的意思。

average a.普通的，一般的，它強調的是一般水準或普通水準；通常在有數字出現的情況下，表示”平均的“。

The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分鐘內平均跑兩英里。common a.常見的，普通的，不足為奇的，有時引申為”平凡的“，強調事物的共同性。另外，它還有”公共的，共同的“之意。

Car accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。

general a.普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，強調整體性而非個別和例外，該詞的反義詞為particular。

In general, the economy is doing well now.總的來說，現在的經濟形式還不錯。universal a.普遍的，比general語氣更強，有”全然沒有例外“的意思。

Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.貧困是世界各地普遍存在的問題。usual a.通常的，慣常的，強調”習慣性的，符合規章制度的“，是個一般用語。

award, reward award v.指正式地或官方地頒發，授予，給予；也可以指法庭裁決給予。后面可跟雙賓語。The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.學校校長將歷史獎授予最出色的學生。reward

v.酬勞，獎賞，回報，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某種服務而應得到報酬或酬謝，其后一般以人或人的行為作賓語。后跟with用來說明以何物作為報酬。

I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我將出50美元，酬謝幫我找回丟失的狗的人。aware, conscious aware a.知道的，意識到的，強調感官對外界事物的意識。He was aware of his mistake.他意識到自己的錯誤。conscious a.有意識的，意識到的，一般指內心所意識到的。

The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.銷售員意識到他必須增加銷售量。

base, foundation, ground 這一組名詞都有”基礎“的意思。

base n.指具體的有形的基礎，也可指物體的底部、基部；基地，總部。

They use their apartment in New York as a home base from which they travel frequently.他們把紐約的公寓作為他們頻繁出行的大本營。

foundation n.本義指建筑物的地基，含有堅實的基礎的意思；基金會。

The foundation for our house is made of cement.我們房子的地基是水泥打下的。ground n.地面，土地，也指地域，水底，海底。

basic, elementary, fundamental basic a.基本的，基礎的，既可用于具體事物，也可用于抽象事物。He has a basic understanding of the problem.他對問題有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的，初級的。elementary school小學

fundamental a.根本性的，一般只用于抽象的事物；必要的，必須的。

Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.誠實是與別人相處的基本原則。

beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer 這一組都有”笑“的意思，而它們之間的差別也是明顯的。

beam v.本義指照耀，放光，引申為”微笑“，是正式用語，指面帶喜悅或笑容，暗示對他人的友好或內心的滿足。

She beamed with happiness.她高興得眉開眼笑。

chuckle v.(書面語)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，輕聲笑，多指因得意或領會到某事中的趣味而暗自發笑。

She does not laugh out loud;she only chuckles.她沒有笑出聲來，只是抿嘴而笑。giggle v.咯咯地笑，癡笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于緊張、被逗樂、尷尬時所發出的笑聲。The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.當這個著名的足球運動員走進教室時，女生們都咯咯地笑起來。grin v.露齒而笑，指人因高興、滿足、輕蔑等咧開嘴露齒地笑。He grinned at his mother.他沖他的媽媽咧嘴一笑。jeer v.譏笑，嘲笑，其同義詞是mock。

The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.當那個拳手被人打倒時，人群開始嘲笑他。

laugh v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出聲的大笑。roar v.怒吼，咆哮，引申為放聲大笑，哄堂大笑。

He roared when he heard the joke.聽完這個笑話，他哈哈大笑。sneer v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以語言、表情、和聲調表示輕蔑或嘲弄。

He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.他對報價嗤之以鼻，說它太低了。

bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex 這一組詞都有”迷惑“的意思。

bewilder v.使困惑，使茫然，強調非常困惑，通常表現為心理和智力的紊亂，語氣最重。He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他沒有得到事先警告就被開除了，完全不明白是什么原因。

When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.當這些農夫們第一次到城里的時候，他們對城市復雜的交通系統感到迷惑不解。

puzzle v.使迷惑，感到不解，強調不理解或解決不了。

Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉沒寶藏的下落令探險家們大惑不解。confuse v.一般用語，使混亂，使糊涂，強調因混淆而使人產生迷亂。

He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他發錯了報告，因為他把它們同另外一些報告混淆在一起了。

embarrass v.使窘迫，使為難，使困惑，有令人不快、難為情和內心混亂的意味。Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在別人面前嘲笑她的新發型，使她感到難堪。perplex v.使雜亂，使疑慮，使不安。

The new tax laws perplex me.新稅收法律使我很費解。blame, condemn, reproach, scold 這一組動詞都有”責怪“的意思。blame v.責怪，把……歸咎于。

You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.萬一你考試不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.譴責，用于比較正式的、嚴肅的場合。

The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫貪杯而責怪他。

reproach v.(書面語)責備，表示不滿。

His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老師責備他不做作業。scold v.責罵，訓斥。blunder, error, mistake 這一組詞都表示”錯誤“。

blunder n.(因為無知、疏忽犯下的)大錯，愚蠢的錯誤。

I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.這位女士由于我的問題感到很難過，我感覺到犯了一個大錯。

error n.指判斷、計算或行為上的錯誤，也可指智力或道義上的錯誤。The accident was the result of human error.這事故是人為的錯誤造成的。mistake n.誤會，誤解；(粗心、遺忘所導致的)錯誤。

I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我錯拿了你的手提包。

brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid 這一組形容詞都有”弱“的意思。

brittle a.易碎的，易損壞的，通常是指堅硬的東西。

The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨頭變得脆弱，很容易骨折。

fragile a.常常修飾使用時必須小心才不會破碎的東西，也引申為體弱的，虛弱的。

He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他參加了昨晚的聚會以后，現在感覺有些虛弱。frail a.(指人)體弱的，虛弱的，也可以指東西易碎的。His mother has grown old and frail.他母親已經年老體弱。

crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活躍的，有生氣的，干凈利落的。crisp biscuit松脆的餅干

The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.學生干凈利落地回答了老師的問題。

invalid a.不正確的，缺乏證據的；無效的，作廢的。作名詞時，表示病弱者，傷殘者，久病者。

Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你關于最早的人類的觀點很有意思，但是缺乏證據。

A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次嚴重的車禍使他變成了殘疾。boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge 這幾個名詞都有”邊界“的意思。

boundary n.邊界；界線。多指作為界線的標識物等。

The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.這道柵欄是我的地和她的地的分界線。border n.較寬的邊緣，邊界，多指兩國或兩地之間的分界處附近的邊緣地區、邊界地帶；也可以指物體的邊緣等。

We crossed the Mexican bordersintosthe USA.我們穿過墨西哥邊界進入美國境內。

frontier n.邊界，邊境，邊疆，指靠近邊界(boundary)的區域；也可引申為”未開發的領域“，”(學術的)前沿“等。

The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一個世紀以前美國西部還是一片邊疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是從事生物學前沿研究的生化學家。

rim n.邊，邊緣，尤指圓形或近似圓形的物體的邊緣。

verge n.(道路、花壇等長著草的)邊緣，引申為”某事即將發生之際“。on the verge of war戰爭爆發之際

brief, concise, curt, succinct 這一組形容詞都有”簡短的“意思。

brief a.簡明扼要的，簡短的，指時間短暫，辦事利索，態度明了等；有時含有”雖短但卻不失全面“的意味。

The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.經理致了簡短的開幕詞。concise a.(文字等的)簡要、精練，常含有保留主要部分的意思。

His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信寫得簡明扼要，省略掉了所有與該項工作無關的部分。

curt a.三言兩語的，簡短的，常含有”草率“的意思。

He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , ”I have no time for you now!“他問老板一個問題，但是老板草率的說：”我沒時間搭理你。“ succinct a.簡明的，簡潔的，簡練的，尤指用詞簡練，除含有concise的意思外，還有經過壓縮的或簡化的意思。

succinct summary of the argument論點的概要

bush, shrub, jungle 這一組詞均與樹木有關。bush n.矮樹叢。

shrub n.有木莖的灌木，灌木叢。jungle n.熱帶稠密的雨林或叢林。

certify, rectify, testify, verify 這是一組形近易混詞。

certify v.證明，聲稱是真的。

He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他證明那是他妻子的手跡。

rectify v.改正，糾正；整頓。

He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯。

testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作證；表明。

He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的證人已經被神秘地殺害，他成為這件案例中唯一可以作證的人。verify v.(用事實)證實或核實。I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打電話詢問，以核實商店的地址。

compel, constrain, force, oblige 這一組動詞都有”強迫“的意思。

compel v.強迫，迫使，常表示運用權利、力量迫使對方做某事；有時也表示”別無辦法，不得不做“。

His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他臥床休息。

constrain v.力勸，強迫，與compel意思相近，但更多強調內心情感(如道德、憐憫等)的強迫和限制作用，一般用于正式的場合。

As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他認為自己是藝術家，不必象一般人那樣要受到社會行為準則的約束。force v.強迫，迫使，暴力威脅的意味較濃，常用于被動語態。The thief forced her to hand over the money.強盜逼迫她把錢交出來。oblige v.(因法律、習俗等)強迫，迫使，常常用于被動。

We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我們遇到紅燈時必須停車。

complaint, disorder 這兩個詞都有”疾病“的意思。

complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病時向醫生描述的病癥，既可以是小病、慢性病，也可以是傳染性疾病)；抱怨，埋怨，不滿。a heart complaint心臟病

disorder n.(精神或肉體的)疾病(著重于身心、機能的失調、不平衡)；騷亂，**；混亂，雜亂。

a disorder of the digestive system消化系統疾病

complement, supplement，append 這三個名詞都有”補充“的意思。

complement n.補充，補充物，主要指補充不足使之完美。

Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米飯最棒。supplement n.增補，補充，補貼，主要指另外補加，增補。

One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我們在報告完成一年之后，必須增補一個包含新事件的附加部分。

append n.附加，添上或補充某事物(尤指文字)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律師在合同后又附加了兩頁。

component, element, factor, ingredient 這一組名詞都有”組成成分“的意思。

component n.零部件；(某事物的)組成部分；成分。

Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.輪胎，引擎，車身以及坐椅都是一輛汽車的零部件。

element n.元素；組成部分，方面；某特定類型的人或群體，分子。

The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氫元素和氧元素構成了水。He belongs to a bad element in this city.他屬于這個城市的壞分子。factor n.因素，要素，側重指原因。Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是體育比賽成功的一個重要因素。ingredient n.原料，成分，要素。

Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黃油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。

comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include 這一組動詞都有”組成，包含“的意思。

comprise v.包含，包括，由……組成(整體)；組成，構成。

Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我們公司的生產線是由2,500個不同的組成部分構成的。

compose v.構成(整體)，組成；由……組成(后接of，常用于被動語態)；創作(作曲、詩歌等)。The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委員會主要由教師和學生家長組成。

consist v.組成，構成,由……組成(后接of，常用于主動語態)；(后接in)在于，存在于。The problem consists of two parts.問題由兩部分組成。

The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.這計劃的好處就在于簡單易行。

constitute v.構成，組成(整體)。

Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品買賣是這個城市面臨的主要問題。

include v.包括，包含，把……列入。

The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大會代表中有來自海外的代表。

concentrate, focus 這兩個動詞都有”集中“的意思。

concentrate v.集中，集中精力(后接on，賓語可以是具體或抽象的東西)；濃縮，壓縮。During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考試期間，同學們集中精力回答問題。

focus v.集中(于某事物)；將(注意力等)集中于……(后接on，賓語一般不是具體的東西)。Please focus your minds on the following problem.請集中考慮以下問題。

confinement, limitation, restraint 這一組名詞都有”限制，局限“的意思。

confinement n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某種境地)。

The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判處單獨監禁三個月。

limitation n.限制，局限；(能力的)缺點，弱點。

That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那個雇員能做的工作有限。

restraint n.克制，抑制；約束措施。

Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母親很生氣，她仍克制自己沒有向孩子大吼。

considerable, considerate 這是一對形近易混的形容詞。

considerable a.相當大的，相當多的；值得考慮的。That family owns a considerable amount of land.那個家族擁有大量的土地。

considerate a.考慮周到的，體貼的，后面常跟of結構。

He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒別人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。

conserve, preserve, reserve 這是一組形近易混詞，且都有”保存“的意思。

conserve v.保存，保藏，保護(強調節約)。

In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天，為節約能源有些人在夜里把暖氣調小。

preserve v.保護；維持；保養；防止(食物)腐敗(強調使不受破壞)。

The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保護個人的權利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留，儲備(強調為某一特殊目的)；訂(座位)，預定。

We are reserving these seats for my parents.我們把這些座位留給我的父母。

continual, continuous, constant, incessant 這一組形容詞都有”不斷的，不停的“的意思。

continual a.連續不斷的；頻繁的。表示時斷時續的發生。

That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那條狗不停地叫，真是煩死人了。

continuous a.不停的，連續不斷的，強調中間不停頓。

Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我們的家庭以及辦公室需要不間斷的供電。

constant a.不斷的，經常的，強調始終如一地經常出現。

Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的萬物都在不斷地運動。

incessant a.不停的，持續不斷的，強調令人厭煩地重復出現，中間有可能有停頓。Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持續不斷的噪聲騷擾使我喜歡安靜的環境。

convert, invert, revert, transform 這一組動詞都有”轉變“的意思。

convert v.轉變，變換，含有”使某人改變觀點“的意思。

He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。

invert v.使顛倒，使倒轉，使反向。常常表示位置、順序、方向等的顛倒。The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.嬰兒把杯子打翻，弄灑了里面的橙汁。

revert v.歸還，恢復原狀。指回到原來的狀態或情形。

John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died，ownership reverted back to John.約翰送給他的哥哥一所房子，當他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有權重新歸于約翰。

transform v.改變，轉變，指形狀、顏色、大小、性質等的改變。

A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一點油漆很快就會使這所舊房子大為改觀。

credible, credulous, plausible 這一組形容詞都有”可信的“意思。credible a.可信的，可靠的。That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那個學生跟老師講了實情，她沒來上課是因為她病了。credulous a.輕信的，易于相信的。

She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易輕信別人，竟然聽信那個銷售員的話以高價買了那輛車。

plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常帶有懷疑的意思。

Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.雖然這個解釋合理，但仍不可能使我完全相信。

decline, refuse, reject, deny 這組動詞都有”拒絕“的意思。

decline v.婉言拒絕，謝絕，相當于refuse politely，主要用于拒絕有關社交活動的邀請或要求幫助的請求，后接名詞或動詞不定式，主語只能是人。

I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀請她和我們在一起，可是她婉言謝絕了。refuse v.是比較普通的用詞，表示”拒絕“，含有非常堅決地、不客氣地拒絕的意思。reject v.拋棄，不采納，主語可以是人或物，后接名詞，不能接動詞不定式。

He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次約她去看電影，但每一次都被拒絕。

deny v.否認，否定，其后可接名詞，代詞或that從句。

The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否認了對他的指控。

deduce, induce, reduce 這是一組形近易混詞。

deduce v.推斷，推理，演繹。

My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him;today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的氣的時候就會變得沉默，今天他很沉默，所以我推斷她生氣了。

induce v.引誘，勸；引起，導致。

We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air.我們無法勸說那位老太太坐飛機去。

reduce v.減輕，減?。唤档?。

He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通過節食和運動，體重減輕了20磅。

delay, postpone 這兩個詞都有”延遲“之意。

delay v.延期，延緩，耽擱，常指由于不可避免的障礙等原因而延期。

Her late arrival delayed the start of the meeting.她的遲到使會議延遲開始。

postpone v.耽擱，暫緩，常指將某事放置一邊，等到另一事發生或一定時間后再做。Our meeting for today was postponed until next week.我們今天的會議推遲到下周舉行。

demonstrate, illustrate 這兩個詞都有”說明“的意思。

demonstrate v.多指通過具體動作或物體進行演示、示范、表演、展示等以達到說明或解釋的目的。

This salesman demonstrated how to cook with a pressure cooker.這個推銷員當眾演示如何用壓力鍋煮東西。

illustrate v.強調通過舉例、列圖表或比較等方式來說明道理。

The teacher illustrated the history lesson by telling a story about George Washington.那個老師通過喬治?華盛頓的故事來講述他的歷史課。

disappear, vanish, fade 這一組詞都有”消失“的意思。

disappear v.消失，不見；滅絕，不復存在。是個一般用語。The little dog was just there, then he

disappeared.那條小狗剛才就在那里，然后就不見了。

vanish v.消失，不見，指突然間化為烏有，強調非常徹底地、神秘莫測地消失、失蹤。The man ransintosthe shop and vanished from sight.那個男子跑到了商店里，然后就消失了。fade v.指衣服的顏色褪色，聲音的逐漸消失。

The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink.墻紙從紅色褪成了淡粉色。

decline, decrease, diminish, reduce 這一組動詞都有”減少“的意思。

decline v.(數量、數字、價格、比率)下降，下落。

Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。decrease v.減少，減小，強調逐漸地下降或減少的過程。

diminish v.(力量、勢力)減弱，減少，強調由于某種原因而減少，這種減少可以造成能夠為人們所察覺的后果或損失。

The need to take action has diminished.已經沒有多少需要采取行動的必要性了。

reduce v.是及物動詞，指通過人為的方法在數量、規模、范圍等方面減少，也可以指在地位、重要性方面降低等級。

He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通過節食和運動，體重減輕了20磅。

deviate, distract, divert 這三個詞都有”轉移“的意思。

deviate v.背離，偏離。多指脫離正軌或正題等。

He deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成為一名吸毒者，從而違背了社會道德準則。

distract v.使分心，分散(注意力、心理等)。常帶有不能專心的意思。

Noise distracts him, so he can't study for exams.喧鬧聲分散了他的注意力，所以他無法進行考試的復習。

divert v.轉移，使轉向，著重改變后的結果，后常接介詞from。

A loud noise diverted everyone's attention from their work.一聲巨響轉移了每個人的工作注意力。

dip, immerse, submerge 這幾個詞都有”浸，浸入“的意思。dip v.浸，浸染，蘸。多指短時地將某物部分地浸到液體中，有小心翼翼的意思。The artist dipped his brush in the paint.藝術家拿畫筆蘸了蘸顏料。

immerse v.沉浸，使沉浸于。指全部浸泡在液體中達一段時間，也可指一種氛圍。Students immerse themselves in their studies.同學們在專心致志地學習。submerge v.浸沒，淹沒。多指全部浸沒在水下達一定深度。

The girl was submerged in the shallow end of the pool.女孩泡在水池的淺水區一端。

divide, separate 這兩個動詞都有”分開“的意思。

divide v.分開，劃分，指把整體分成若干部分，也表示”疏遠“的意思，常用結構為”divide…from“。

The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.這家大公司分成了一些較小的公司。separate v.作及物動詞時，意思是”分隔“，指把原來連接在一起或靠近的東西分隔開來，常用結構為”separate…from“；作不及物動詞時，表示”分散，分別“。

duty, obligation, responsibility duty n.指道義上的責任，強調自覺性，作可數名詞時指本職工作的任務。His duty is to see that the business runs well.他的職責是保證生意良好運轉。obligation n.指合同或法律上規定的”責任，義務“，強調其約束力。

Parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.父母有法律上的義務確保其子女受到適合其年齡的有效教育。responsibility n.職責，強調對后果要負責任的意思。

His father is ill, and he has the responsibility of caring for him.他的父親病了，他有責任照顧他。

eject, inject, project 這是一組形近易混詞。

eject v.跳出，噴出，彈射出。

The pilot ejected from the falling airplane.飛行員從墜落的飛機中彈射出去。

inject v.注射。

The nurse injected some medicinesintosthe patient with a needle.護士用注射器給患者打針。project v.伸出，突出；預計，預報；投射，放映。

The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.陽臺從房子的墻壁上突出來。

The government projects that the defence budget will increase by 20%.政府預計國防預算將增長百分之二十。

eligible, illegible eligible a.享有權利的，具備資格的。

He graduated from high school with good grades, so he is eligible to enroll in the state college.他以優異的成績從中學畢業，所以他有資格就讀于州立大學。illegible a.很難看懂的，難以辨認的。

The writing is illegible;I cannot read what it says.字跡不清楚，我看不清上面寫的是什么。eminent, imminent 這是一組形近易混詞。

eminent a.著名的，卓越的，接觸的。

He is eminent in the field of linguistics.他在語言學領域很有名。imminent a.即將發生的，迫在眉睫的，臨近的。

The wedding date is imminent, so we must send invitations.婚禮迫近，所以我們必須發放請柬了。

emotion, feeling, passion, sensation, sentiment 這一組名詞都有”感情“的意思。

emotion n.情感，感情，指喜怒哀樂等較激動的情緒，表示某物引起的激動。He felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.當他想起她時便產生一種復雜的感情。feeling n.指一般的情緒、感覺，它一般不反映感情的本質和強度。passion n.激情，熱情，欲望，極度的仇恨，指強烈的愛好、憤怒或情欲。He spoke with passion about the love of freedom.他滿腔熱情地談論著對自由的熱愛。sensation n.指人體感官受到外部刺激時產生的感覺，知覺。When she watched the film, she had the sensation that she was in a moving car.她看電影時，感覺自己正坐在一輛開動的汽車上。

sentiment n.思想感情，情緒，感情色彩，指由于某種思想喚起的感情，強調主觀作用，有時候也帶有理智成分。

When our grandmother died, we remembered her life with strong sentiment.當祖母逝世時，我們深深地懷念她的一生。

encourage, excite, inspire, motivate, stimulate 這一組動詞都有”鼓勵、刺激“的意思。

encourage v.鼓勵，促進，含有”使增強勇氣或給予希望“的意味。

He encouraged his son to go to good college.他鼓勵他的兒子上名牌大學。excite v.指使人感到激動、興奮；煽動，鼓動。

The band played louder and excited the audience.樂隊演奏得更響亮了，使觀眾興奮起來。inspire v.鼓舞，激發，影響，常常帶有”啟迪，啟發“的意思。

My mother inspires us with stories of her difficult childhood.我的媽媽給我們講童年時的艱苦生活以激勵我們。

motivate v.激發，促動，強調激起動機去做某事。

A desire to go to medical school motivates her to study hard everyday.她希望上醫學院，這成了她每天努力學習的動力。

stimulate v.刺激，激發，促進，強調刺激反應的結果。Cold air stimulates me.冷空氣刺激我振作起來。

equal, equivalent, identical 這一組形容詞都有”相同的，相等的“的意思。

equal a.(數字、數量、權力、價值)相等的；(指人)勝任的。

Those two tables are of equal length.這兩張桌子一樣長。

It is a big responsibility to take on, so I hope he 's equal to the task.要擔負的責任很大，我希望他能夠勝任這項任務。

equivalent a.相等的，相同的，與equal基本可以互換使用。

The two computers are equivalent in speed.這兩臺計算機在運算速度上是相同的。identical a.同一的，完全相同的。

The boys are identical twins.這兩個男孩子是一模一樣的雙胞胎。

equipment, facility, instrument equipment n.指生產、研究所需要的設備、裝置，如各種機器和器材，是不可數名詞。a factory with modern equipment具有現代化設備的工廠

facility n.指較大的設施、設備，尤指公用的、為大眾帶來便利的設備。

The facility at that club includes tennis courts and a swimming pool.那家俱樂部的體育設施包括網球場地和一個游泳池。

instrument n.樂器，儀器，為某個用途而使用的工具。

As a flexible actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.作為一個多才多藝的演員，他既可以表演，又會唱歌跳舞，還能夠演奏不同種類的樂器。

essential, indispensable, necessary essential a.表示屬于某事物的要素或特征是”主要的，核心的，本質的，必不可少的“。

The essential point is we must do what the contract says.核心的一點是我們必須按照合同的規定去做。

indispensable a.強調客觀上是必不可少的，否則就無法維持生命或做不成某一件事。Warm clothing is indispensable in cold weather.在寒冷的天氣里，厚衣服是必不可少的。necessary a.是一般用語，強調從主觀上看是必須的，不可避免的。

exceed, surpass, transcend 這一組動詞都有”超過“的意思。

exceed v.多于，大于，超過，多指數量或允許的限度。

Sales of the new product exceeded our estimates.新產品的銷售超出了我們的預計。surpass v.優于或超過某人(某物)。

The runner surpassed his old record by 10 seconds.跑步運動員比他過去的記錄提高了10秒。transcend v.超出或超越，一般指超越經驗、常識、普通能力等，強調難以為大眾理解。The nature of God transcends of human comprehension.上帝的本質難以為人們所理解。

faint, feeble, fragile, weak faint a.虛弱的，眩暈的，指人在特定場合感覺到的虛弱，通常不是天生體質上的虛弱而是由于某種原因造成的暫時的情況。

The summer sun was so strong that she felt faint.夏天的陽光太強烈了，她感覺到眩暈。feeble a.虛弱的，無力的，常用來形容人的聲音或行為。

The elderly lady has become feeble and unable to care herself.這個老太太已經很虛弱了，無法照顧她自己。

fragile a.脆弱的，易碎的，指物體容易打碎，或人體質虛弱、容易受傷害。That dish is fragile, so be careful.那個盤子容易碎，所以千萬小心。

weak a.這組詞中應用范圍最廣的一個，既可以指身體虛弱的，無力的，也可引申為在力量、權力、技能、影響等方面有欠缺或軟弱。

The patient is losing blood and becoming weak.病人在失血，身體開始虛弱下去。

feasible, practicable, practical, pragmatic feasible a.可行的，行得通的，用來表示實施后可以成功的。

Your work plan is feasible, so we can build the bridge immediately.你的工作計劃是可行的，所以我們可以馬上修建那座橋。

practicable a.能實施的，可行的，只表示一種可能性，但是實施后的效果不一定理想。Their marriage was so bad that divorce seemed the only practicable solution.他們的婚姻是如此的糟糕以至于離婚似乎是唯一可行的解決辦法。

practical a.實踐的，實用的，實際的，指未經過實踐檢驗的事物，如計劃、項目等。She felt that most of what she learned in the course was of no practical use.她感到在課上學到的大部分知識都沒有實際用途。

pragmatic a.講究實際的，實用的，務實的，強調用常識解決實際問題，不追求不切實際的目標。

He would like to be a doctor, but he has a pragmatic attitude and realizes that he cannot afford medical school.他想成為一名醫生，但是他很實際，知道自己上不起醫學院。

gaze, gape, glance, glare, glimpse, peer, peep, stare 這一組動詞都含有”看“的意思。

gaze v.凝視，注視，指由于好奇、感嘆、長時間目不轉睛地看。

She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.她凝視著自己的這顆美麗嶄新的鉆戒。

gape v.(張著嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看，強調一種吃驚的狀態。

The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.在動物園，孩子們張大了嘴巴呆呆地看著大象。

glance v.(粗略地、隨便地)一瞥，看一眼。

He glanced over the letter he had just received.他把剛收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。glare v.怒目而視，強調懷有敵意或在氣憤的情緒下看；眩目地照射。

The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.那男人粗暴地沖她大聲喊叫，她也怒目而視。

glimpse v.與glance意思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。

peer v.指瞇起眼睛仔細看，尤指看不清楚的情況下；費力地看，凝視。

Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.因為有點近視，她有瞇著眼睛看人的習慣。peep v.窺視，偷看。

The mother peepedsintosthe bedroom to see if her child was asleep.母親偷偷向臥室看了一下，看她的孩子是否睡著了。

stare v.凝視，盯著，指由于好奇、驚訝、贊嘆等原因而瞪大眼睛長時間地、直接地注視，常常含有粗魯無禮的意思。

I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman;it wasn't nice.我告訴兒子不要盯著那個胖女人，那樣看人不禮貌。

historical, historic 這兩個形容詞都和”歷史“有關系。

historical a.歷史上的，有關歷史的，史學方面的，以歷史為基礎的。

The French Revolution was of freat historical importance.法國革命具有重要的歷史意義。historic a.歷史上著名的，重要的。

a historic meeting between two leaders兩個領袖間的歷史性會晤

hospitality, hostility 這是一組形近易混詞。

hospitality n.熱情招待，殷勤好客。

We enjoyed the hospitality of friends at their country home.朋友們在鄉下的居所熱情地招待了我們，使我們過得很愉快。

hostility n.來自與形容詞hostile(不友善的，敵對的)，敵意，對抗。You can feel the hostility coming from that man.你可以感覺到那個人的敵意。

hypercritical, hypocritical hypercritical a.吹毛求疵的，批評苛刻的。

He is so hypercritical that he corrects every mistake his students made.他很苛刻，對于學生的每個錯誤都要糾正。

hypocritical a.虛偽的，偽善的。hypocritical behaviour偽善的行為

ignore, neglect, omit, overlook 這一組動詞都有”忽略“的意思。

ignore v.忽視，不理睬，指有意識地拒絕。

She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看見他走過來，但是裝作沒看見。neglect v.忽視，忽略，疏忽，指無意識地忽視或忘記。

He neglected to make repairs in his house.他忘記了修理房子。

omit v.遺漏，忽略，忘記，指由于疏忽而忘記，也可以表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。She omitted several steps in the experiment and it failed.她在實驗中遺漏了幾個步驟，結果實驗失敗了。

overlook v.忽略，疏漏，指有意識地遺漏，也可以指無意識地忽略。

The mother overlooked her little boy's bad behavior.那位母親忽視了她的小兒子的不良行為。

imaginable, imaginary, imaginative imaginable a.可想象的，往往作后置定語，所修飾的名詞前常加all，every，only或形容詞的最高級。

In her painting, she has used every color imaginable.在她的繪畫中，她用了所以可以想象的到的色彩。

imaginary a.虛構的，想象中的。

The child has an imaginary friend.那個孩子有個假想中的朋友。imaginative a.富于想象力的。

an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家

imitate, intimate, intimidate 這是一組形近易混詞。

imitate v.模仿，仿效；復制，仿造。

The boy imitates his father's way of talking.那個男孩模仿他父親說話的樣子。intimate a.親密的；溫馨的，舒適的。

We have had an intimate friendship since we were young.我們自年輕時代起就建立了親密的友誼。

intimidate v.恐嚇，威脅。An older boy intimidated the little children when he took their lunch money.一個年齡大一點的男孩恐嚇那些小孩子，并且搶走了他們的午飯錢。

imperial, imperious

imperial a.帝國的，帝王的；帝王般的，威嚴的；英制的(非公制的度量衡制，如磅，加侖，品脫等)。

the imperial guards帝國衛士

imperious a.傲慢的，專橫的。

The strict father showed an imperious attitude toward his children.那個嚴厲父親對孩子的態度很專橫。

imply, infer imply v.(從言語或態度中)暗示，暗指(某種事情)。

The Secretary of the Treasury implied that interest rates would go down.財政大臣暗示利率將下降。

infer v.(根據已知事實)推斷，推理。

I infer from your smile that you are happy.從你的笑容可以看出你很高興。

industrial, industrious 這是一組形近易混詞。

industrial a.工業的，產業的，來自于名詞industry。

Industrial production is up this year;but agriculture is weak.今年的工業產值上升了，但是農業依然薄弱。

industrious a.勤奮的，忙碌的。

She started her own business and is now very industrious.她自己開了一家公司，因此很忙碌。

initial, original, primitive initial a.開始的，最初的，強調處于事物的起始階段，也可以指位于開頭地方的。

My initial good opinion of him changed with time.時間長了我對他最初的好印象改變了。original a.最初的，最早的；原版的，原物的。指按順序是首位的，在此前不再有更為原始的同類的東西；也指原件的，原物的，非仿造的東西。

This is the original piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.就是在這架鋼琴上，這位作曲家創作出了他的一些偉大的作品。

primitive a.原始的，上古的，早期的，指處于人類生命或事物發展的早期階段，也可以指自然的或簡樸的。

Primitive tribes live in the Amazon River basin.原始部落居住在亞馬遜河盆地。

interfere, intervene, interrupt, disturb 這幾個詞都有”干擾“的意思。

interfere v.干涉，妨礙。常指干涉或妨礙他人(的事)，著重指有影響，當”干涉“講時，后多接in，當”妨礙，打擾“時后多接with。

It's unwise to interfere between husband and wife.干涉別人夫婦間的事是不明智的

intervene v.干涉，干預，較為正式，常指帶有行動的干預；此外，還有”調停“的意思。Would you intervene if you saw a parent hit a child?要是你看到家長打孩子你會干預嗎？ interrupt v.打擾，打斷，阻礙。常有”使……停止(中斷)“的意思。

His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.他的講話頻頻被掌聲所打斷。disturb v.打擾，妨礙。常指失去了正常的狀態或導致困難產生。Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.噩夢妨礙她的睡眠。

invaluable, valueless invaluable a.無價的，非常寶貴的，相當于priceless。

Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.你幫忙搬那個大冰箱，你的幫助是可貴的。

valueless a.沒有價值的，相當于worthless。

That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.那個手鐲是一件便宜的、不值錢的首飾。

jealous, envious jealous a.妒忌的，暗含有憎惡與不好的感情。

He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.當別的男人和他的女朋友說話時間]，他會很嫉妒。

envious a.羨慕的,強調攀比心理所造成的羨慕。

He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.他很羨慕我的新車，也想要一輛同樣的。judicial, judicious 這是一組形近易混詞。

judicial a.司法的，法律的，法庭的。

The judicial system settles arguments between people.司法系統解決人與人之間的爭端。judicious a.果斷的，明智的，是個正式用語。

He made a judicious decision to save money for his old age.他做了一個明智的決定，要為他的晚年攢錢。

minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate 這一組形容詞都有”次等“的意思。

minor a較少的，較小的，較次要的，常含有輕微的但并非不重要的意思。

We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.我們對合同中的一切問題，甚至是細枝末節都達成了一致。

inferior a.次等的，較劣的，差的，當”下級“講時，強調職位的高低；當”次等“講時，指素質、質量等的低劣。

Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.產于瑞士的葡萄酒多數要比法國的差。

secondary a.第二等的，次要的，強調在重要性或順序上處于第二位。

My job is of secondary importance to my health.我的工作比起身體來說不那么重要。subordinate a.次要的，從屬的，下級的，強調主次地位或支配和隸屬的關系。He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.她對下級官員一向和藹可親。

opt, apt 這是一對形近易混詞。

opt v.選擇，抉擇，后接for。

She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.她選擇了在冬天休假而不是夏天。apt a.易于……的，(后接to)；恰當的，貼切的。

She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.如果你給她施加的壓力過大，她就很容易出錯。

rational, reasonable rational a.理性的，區別于無理性；理智的，區別于感情用事的。

The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.理智的做法是送病人去看醫生。reasonable a.有道理的，公平合理的，或指人講道理的。

That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.那個人工作努力，所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。

refrain, restrain, constrain refrain v.抑制，禁止，強調抑制一種沖動，是正式用語，為不及物動詞，后接介詞from。Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.學生們克制住不在教師抽煙。

restrain v.抑制，約束，指通過管束阻止某事發生，是及物動詞，其習慣用法是restrain sb.(sth.)from doing。

She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗時，她牽著狗來限制它的活動。constrain v.強迫，力勸，是及物動詞。

A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府開支大于收入。

respectable, respectful, respective 這是一組形近易混詞。

respectable a.值得尊敬的，有好名聲的。

They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.他們在家鄉是受人們敬愛和信任的人。

respectful a.尊敬他人的，恭敬的。

Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.師生應該相互彬彬有禮。

respective a.單個的，分別的。revolve, evolve, involve revolve v.旋轉，轉動。

The room began to revolve , then he fainted.屋子開始旋轉，然后他就昏倒了。evolve v.發展，演變。

Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.幾千年來，農業發展得很緩慢。involve v.需要，包含；使卷入，牽涉。

Getting a driver's licence involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.要得到駕駛執照需要學習開車，學習交通規則，還要經過考試。

sanction, sanitation sanction n.認可，準許，批準。

I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.我晚回家需要得到父母的批準。sanitation n.公共衛生，環境衛生，衛生設備。

Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.在理發店和餐館等營業場所執行嚴格的公共衛生制度。

scenery, scene, view, landscape 這一組名詞都有”景色"的意思。

scenery n.風景，景色，舞臺布景，強調從美的角度看，某個國家或地區的總體外貌。Each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery.我們每年到山區渡假，并欣賞那里的風景。

scene n.指從遠處看到的某一具體景色、景象，也可以指人物的活動場面；(犯罪的)地點，現場。

They stood gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park.他們站在那里，注視著孩子們在公園里玩耍的場景。

view n.指從遠處或窗戶看到的視野范圍內的風景；觀點，看法。Our house has a view of the park.我們的房子可以看到公園的景色。landscape n.(自然的)風景，景色；風景畫。

The landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.站在群山之巔看到的是一片美麗的綠色。

sensible, sensitive, sentimental, sensational 這是一組形近易混詞。

sensible a.有知覺的，可感知的；明智的。

The patient was speechless but still sensible.病人雖然不能說話但仍然有知覺。

sensitive a.敏感的，靈敏的。

This film is sensitive to light.這種膠片對光很敏感。sentimental a.多愁善感的，感傷的。

The novel has scenes full of love and loss;it is so sentimental!小說有多處場景充滿愛情的悲歡離合，真是感傷??！

sensational a.聳人聽聞的，令人激動的。

I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我聽到一則聳人聽聞的故事：十歲女孩做媽媽。

technological, technical 這是一組形近易混詞。

technological a.技術上的。

a major technological breakthrough主要技術性突破

technical a.技術的，工藝(學)的；專門的，深奧的。

The banker made some technical points about the economy in his speech.銀行家在他的關于經濟的演說中提出了幾個很專業的論點。

transaction, transition, transmission, transformation, transfer 這是一組在考研和CET-6中經常出現的形近易混詞。transaction n.交易行為，處理。

Transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.今天證券交易所的股票成交額上升了。

transition n.(從一種情況到另一種的)過渡，更替。The transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.對于學生來說，從中學到大學的過渡會是困難的。

transmission n.傳播(比如疾病)；廣播。

The transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.細菌通過接觸、呼吸和飲食傳播。

transformation n.(外觀或性質的)改變，改觀，轉變。

His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marrige.他結婚之后性格判若兩人。

transfer n.轉移，轉讓；(工作的)調動；(旅途中的)換乘，改變路線。

The club's goalkeeper isn't happy here, and has asked a transfer.這個足球俱樂部的守門員在此過得不愉快，已經要求轉會到其他俱樂部。

第三篇：專轉本材料

文科（英語、日語類）、藝術類考試科目：語文（150分）、英語（日語）（150分）、計算機（100分）；理工科考試科目：數學（150分）、英語（150分）、計算機（100分）。今年是4月23號考試~~~,希望對你有幫助，你上的是大專吧，專轉本大約在12月分報名，3月份培訓，4月份考試；培訓科目由學校來定。

報名條件：

最好不要掛科

1、“專轉本”

列入國家普通招生計劃，經省招生部門按規定程序正式錄取.在本省各類普通高校的?？贫昙?、三年級在籍學生可以報名參加“專轉本”考試?？忌虾罂蛇M入大三學習。

2、專升本

國民教育系列的應屆或往屆畢業生通過全國成人高考，進入大學學習兩年（脫產）或三年（業余），電子注冊，國家承認學歷。但畢業證書及學士學位證書均注明“成人”字樣。報名時間一般為每年的8月底或9月初；考試時間為10月中旬；錄取時間為當年年底，第二年的春節后各高校錄取的成人高考學生開始報到上課。

3、專接本

通過自學考試的途徑，獲取自考本科文憑。畢業證書由教育部高等教育自考辦監制，江蘇省

高等教育自學考試委員會和主辦特色自考的學校聯合署章，全國電子注冊，國家承認學歷。

專轉本的文憑硬

具體你到大二考什么，要看你報考的學校而定的，如果你報考的學校招收你這個專業的，又要求考理科，那你就是要考理科。

先直接到教務處，問你們學校的老師，咨詢一下，你的專業屬于哪個類別的，代碼是多少，然后去查2010年的各個學校的招生計劃，這部分可以在江蘇招生考試網上查到。非常方便，這個最好你盡快查詢一下。

如果能專轉本，最好就專轉本走

自考的貓膩太多了，你進去就知道了，文憑出來沒用的。。

相關的資料和一些輔導班課程，你可以考慮網上找一些。

“江蘇教育考試書店網上書城 專比較全的有“江蘇教育考試書店”網上商城。自己google下：

轉本”

第四篇：2017專轉本英語作文

2017專轉本英語作文模板

一、對比觀點題型

(1)要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。

1.有一些人認為??

2.另一些人認為??

3.我的看法??

The topic of ①________(主題)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②________(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③________(理由二).Moreover, ④________(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,________(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥__________(理由二).Thirdly(finally),⑦_________(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧________(我的觀點).The reason is that ⑨__________(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.(2)給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點 Some people believe that ①________(觀點一).For example, they think ②________(舉例說明).And it will bring them ③________(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④____(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤_______(反對的理由之二).Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥_________(我對文章所討論主題的看法).二、闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個主題出發，按照提綱的要求進行論述.1.闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義.2.分析并舉例使其更充實.The good old proverb ________(名言或諺語)reminds us that ________(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,________(理由一).For example, ________(舉例說明).Secondly,________(理由二).Another case is that ________(舉例說明).Furthermore , __________(理由三).rely a wise choice.In my opinion, _______(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say_______.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.三、解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑

1.問題現狀

2.怎樣解決(解決方案的優缺點)

In recent days, we have to face I problem——A, which is becoming more and more serious.First, ________(說明A的現狀).Second, ________(舉例進一步說明現狀)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing, _______(解決方法一).For another _______(解決方法二).Finally, ________(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that _______(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(帶來的好處).四、說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度(利或弊)出發，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態度(或對事物前景提出預測)

1.說明事物現狀

2.事物本身的優缺點(或一方面)

3.你對現狀(或前景)的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First ______(A的優點之一).Besides ________(A的優點之二).But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一個缺點).To make matters worse,_______(A的第二個缺點).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to _______(我的看法).(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way, ________(對前景的預測)

五、議論文的框架

(1)不同觀點列舉型(選擇型)There is a widespread concern over the issue that 作文題目.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that 觀點一.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, 原因一.Furthermore, in the second place, 原因二.So it goes without saying that 觀點一.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that 觀點二.In their point of view, on the one hand，原因一.On the other hand, 原因二.Therefore, there is no doubt that觀點二.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that觀點一或二.It is not only because ______ but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.(2)利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)作文題目.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in 題目議題.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly,優點一.And secondly 優點二.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, 討論議題.is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, 缺點一.In addition, 缺點二.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 討論議題 into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the 討論議題.(3)答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)作文題目.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, 途徑一.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is 途徑二.Above all, to solve the problem of 作文題目 , we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, 方法.(4)諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ 諺語 ” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means 諺語的含義.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is 例子一.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb 諺語.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: 諺語.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.提綱式作文

1． 對立觀點式

A．有人認為X 是好事，贊成X，為什么？

B． 有人認為X 是壞事，反對X，為什么？

C．我的看法。

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一個原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一個原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反對X 的第一個理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一個例子。

There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個壞處。

2． 批駁觀點式

A．一個錯誤觀點。

B． 我不同意。

Many people argue that 錯誤觀點。By saying that, they mean 對這個觀點的進一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個錯誤觀點或者受到這個錯誤觀點的影響）。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider

it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯誤觀點相反的觀點。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。

3． 社會問題（現象）式

A．一個社會問題或者現象。

B． 產生的原因

C．對社會和我們生活的影響

D． 如何杜絕。（如果是問題的話）

E． 前景的預測。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 調查內容說明這種現象的情況。（或者是一個例子）。

There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表達）in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ??..作文預測

預測一

1.現在大學校園里，遲到、早退、曠課是常見的現象 2.保證學生的出勤率對大學教育的重要性 3.作為一個大學生應該怎樣做

Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes.And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over.Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers.In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly.First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning.That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study.Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too.Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students.Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future.Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on.And some day we’ll benefit from it.點評：2008年元月三日，中山大學博士發帖稱遭導師虐待；2008年元月四日，中國政法大學爆“楊帆門”事件；近幾年，中小學老師或打學生或猥褻學生、體罰學生等各類新

聞不斷曝光，進而引發了師生關系的大討論。

預測二

1.學生給老師打分已經普遍 2.人們對其持不同態度 3.我的看法

Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students.In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness..This, however, has caused great controversy.Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend the teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion about their teachers’ effectiveness.Others, on the contrary, are strongly against it.They believe that there is much more to teaching than what is shown on students’ rating forms.Students should not be expected to judge whether the materials they use are up to date or how well the teacher knows about the subject.These judgments require professional knowledge, which is best left for the teachers’ colleagues.I think students’ rating of their teachers is necessary, but it should be conducted in a way that can really shed meaningful light on teachers’ performance.Instead of rating the teachers’ knowledge on the subject, students should be asked to estimate what they have learned in a course, and to report on such things as a teacher’s ability to communicate with students, his or her relationship with students, and his or her ability to arouse students’ interest in the subject.點評：越來越多的高校采取讓學生給老師打分的形式來了解教學反饋，并以此作為促進教學質量的有效手段。對此做法，管理部門及教學雙方褒貶不一，看法迥異。本預測題為校園生活熱議話題，值得關注。

預測三

1.宿舍生活有時會出現不和諧的情況;2.一個和諧宿舍生活的必要性;3.如何創造和諧的宿舍生活。

On a Harmonious Dormitory Life Dormitory life is an indispensable part of college life.But sometimes the harmony in the dormitory be disturbed in one way or another.As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefits all the members.On one hand, we can have a good rest and put our heart into study.On the other hand, we will have a good mood and enjoy being together.There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life.Firstly, you have to evaluate your life-style and try to get rid of your dirty habits, if there are any.Secondly, when an annoying situation arises, you’ll just have

to learn to tolerate each other and co-exist.Thirdly, you’ll have to share with each other and make good friends.In conclusion, we should try our best to build a harmonious dormitory life for the sake of good study and good life.點評：“和諧”成為我們當今社會詞頻概率最高用詞，就社會而言，倡導建立和諧社會；就家庭而言，提倡建設和諧家庭；就校園來講，則要建立和諧校園；和諧兩字似乎無所不在，大學生宿舍生活同樣需要和諧。本預測題與大學英語考試熱點密切相關，又為典型的校園生活主題，值得關注。

預測四

假設你是一名學生志愿者，要給來你們學校參觀的外國朋友介紹學校情況。內容應包括學校歷史、規模、教學現狀以及未來目標等。

A Brief Introduction to the University Distinguished guests, Welcome to our university.Before you start to look around, allow me to give you a brief account of the school.Founded in 1927, our university is one of this city’s earliest universities of liberal arts.It is staffed with an excellent faculty, and has a total enrollment of over 10,000 students.In the past years, it has turned out numerous well-qualified students and found its graduates active in professions of all walks of life.Since its establishment, the university has always steered itself toward the objective that its students have an overall healthy development.Not only does it provide the students with basic academic courses, but it manages to expose them to the up-to-date knowledge.Besides, students are free to participate in colorful campus activities and social practice, which are intended for broadening their mind and developing their potential talent.Currently, both our faculty and students are making every effort to improve the quality of our education in the direction of a first-rate university.Thank you.點評：近幾年，隨著我國順利加入世貿組織以及經濟全球化步伐的加快，許多國內高校紛紛與國外大學合作辦學，教育走向國際化成為人們關注的熱點，也是大學生門比較關心的熱點問題。本預測題為熱議校園生活話題，與2004年旅游景點介紹2006年考查的名校校園開放如出一轍。

預測五

假設你是李明, 你的一個朋友張偉準備到你所在的城市來旅游，但你有事不能接待。寫封信給他，解釋你不能接待的原因，并說明你所做的安排。

A Letter to a Friend Dear Zhang Wei, I’m glad to know that you are coming to my city during the summer vacation.However, I’m afraid there’s some bad news.I’m planning to take part in

an international conference to be held in another city during the time of your visit.All the top scientists in my field will show up at the conference.More importantly, I’m lucky enough to have been selected to give a speech on behalf of my research team at the Conference.I really can’t miss it.I understand that it’ll be your first time to this city and I’m your only friend here.I’ve asked my roommate to meet you at the airport, and you can stay in my room.He is a very nice person and he will show you around the city.Hope you two will get on well and have a nice holiday!Yours, Li Ming

點評：本預測題與2001年考查的A Letter to a Schoolmate 類似，所不同是寫作提示有所不同，2001年作文題是寫信對校友來度假表示歡迎并在信中提出建議和注意事項，而本預測題是對朋友來訪不能接待，同時在信中說明原因及具體安排，內容不一，但話題相仿，寫作思路相似，值得關注。

預測六

1． 有人認為大學里應獨自生活

2． 另一些認為大學里應與別人同住 3． 你的看法

Living alone or Living with Roommates Nowadays, there has appeared a heated discussion among the college students as to whether they should live alone outside the campus or live together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory.Opinions are divided over the matter.Those who are in favor of Living alone maintain that it is very convenient to live by themselves.They can enjoy absolute freedom in a room of their own.They can have their own timetable without disturbing others.They are also free to equip the room with a personal computer so that they can have easy access to the Internet.But others argue that living with roommates has attractions of its own.With several students sharing the same room, each person’s experiences can be greatly enriched.They can learn a lot from talking to one another.By learning to tolerate the differences between individuals, they can become more mature.As far as I’m concerned, I prefer to live with roommates because I love the feeling of belonging.Besides, it is a lot cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent a apartment outside the campus.點評：本文與校園生活密切相關，也是近年來出現的現象，人們對此的看法各異，2003年后，作文考查加大了學校生活類題目的考查，因為這類題材不存在地域的差異，不同地域的同學都有話可說。本預測題即為校園生活類話題，符合命題者出題思路，值得引起重視。

預測七

1.廣告的作用

2.廣告的形式多樣 3.廣告的夸張性

Advertisement Advertisements are forcing their way into people’s lives.People refer to advertisements in their daily lives because they are consumers.The advertisers are usually manufacturers, retailers and salesmen.Their merchandise needs to be advertised to bring it to the attention to the customers.Thus nearly every product is advertised in some way.To a large extent, good advertising leads to success while bad advertising can mean failure.There are many ways to advertise and ‘ads’ come in different forms.Newspapers carry advertisements.Some products are publicized on TV and radio which bring them into notice of a wide audience.Billboards also carry advertising.Advertising is a big industry now and many agencies have been set up to furnish a variety of forms..However, advertising is not always truthful.A product is often misrepresented.The advertiser exaggerates the benefits of the merchandise he wants to sell.Thus, he misrepresents the truth.The consumer falls victim to such advertising.Millions of people have bought advertised products and have been dissatisfied with them。

點評：這是一篇說明文，用說明的表達方式來解說事物，闡明事理。寫好說明文，不僅要抓住特征，注意條理，而且要巧妙運用說明方法，像下定義、舉例子、作比較、分類別、列數字、打比方等。

預測八

假設你是李明，請你寫一封信給校長，建議改善本校體育設施狀況，內容應涉及體育設施對大學生的重要性，對目前學校體育設施的狀況可以表揚，可以提出批評建議，也可以兼而有之。

A Letter to the President of the University Dear Mr.President, I am writing this letter to you to express my concern about the sports facilities on campus.I have noticed that our university has very limited resources in terms of opportunities to participate in sports, especially given that the number of students on campus is increasing every year.As we both know, sports are very important for the sound growth of young people.If they have access to quality sports facilities, young people are able to choose a healthier lifestyle, to boost self-esteem and confidence, and to build a positive outlook and sense of achievement.My proposal is to build a new sports area.It should be designed with soccer players, basketball players, and ping-pong players in mind.It should have a

different section for each activity and be available to students all year round.I believe such facilities will meet our sporting needs.Thank you for your reading this letter.Yours faithfully, Li Ming 點評：本預測題仿真度頗高，為校園生活話題，與在校大學生日常生活密切相關，是最近幾年側重考查的題材。2002年考查了就本校食堂狀況給校長寫一封信.預測九

1.近幾年出現了大學生就業難的現象

2.產生這種現象的原因（如大學生追求的目標過高，專業不對口等）3.如何解決這一問題（改變就業觀念，大學生再培訓等）

College Students’ Job Hunting In recent years, college students find it increasingly difficult to get a job.It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent, well-educated phenomenon, aspirant and eager to bring their talent into full play.Then what underlies the strange phenomenon? There are several reasons for this.To begin with, nowadays college students aim too high.All they want are “good” jobs which could offer good salary, comfortable working conditions, high social status among others.Consequently, most college students are unwilling to accept vacant jobs they consider not “good” enough.Another reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs.So companies think some students are not fit for the jobs.Solution to the problem requires efforts on both the society and the students.The companies should value the students, talent and knowledge while the latter should not merely aim at material gains.They should be down-to–earth in building up their career.Furthermore, they should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent.點評：本預測題為社會熱點話題。近年來大學生就業難日益成為各級政府及社會各方面關注的焦點，媒體也廣泛報道了大學生就業形勢嚴峻，呼吁全社會共同努力；此外，該預測題也與大學生就業密切相關，也是大學英語考試作文選題重點之一。

預測十

１．在現代社會，城市交通問題變得越來越嚴重

２．城市交通問題的表現以及對人們生活的影響

３．解決的方法與措施

Traffic Jam

There is no doubt that traffic congestion becomes a growing worry for the residents of most urban areas.Some major roads are regularly choked with traffic in rush hours.The limited transport capacity contributes largely to the vexing problem.How to solve the headache?.The existing solutions to traffic jam mainly aim at creating metro bus systems and broadening major roads.Widening the existing roads can solve traffic snarls on some level.Soaring car ownership compounds the chronic annoying problem, so we must sharply reduce the heavy reliance on cars and drive a shift to the mass transportation.It is a cheap and good way.We can create a system of customized bus routes and highlight the development of subways, trolleys and light rail.The effective combination of these solutions will enable the urban areas to possess a smooth traffic.點評：交通話題一直是作文命題話題之一。1990年考查過How to solve the problem of Heavy Traffic,1994年考題 The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller也與交通有關，近年來，隨著私家車的日益增多，城市交通擁堵凸顯，出行難越來越成為人們關注的焦點。

預測十一

1.全球變暖對地球環境造成了很大影響 2.引起全球變暖的原因 3.我們需要采取的措施

Environmental Protection No one, regardless of race, religion or nationality, can deny that the world we live in is becoming increasingly intolerable because of the effects of global warming.According to many experts, even greater impacts are still on the way.There are numerous causes for this problem.On one hand, human-related emissions of carbon into the atmosphere is causing, and will in the future cause, significant global warming according to the theory.On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about the importance of protecting environment hinders the solving of the problem.It is urgent that immediate and effective actions should be taken right away.First, more trees need to be planted to help improve and beautify the environment.Besides, stricter laws concerning global warming and irresponsible use of fuel resources have to be put into effect and achieved good results.In a word, there is a long way to go before we can take a comfortable world for granted again.點評：環境問題也是作文命題重點話題之一。大學英語考試曾經考過Make our Cities Greener.近年來，全球氣候異常，造成許多自然災害的頻繁，保護環境刻不容緩，已成為全社會乃至全人類共同關注的熱點。

預測十二

1.越來越多的人使用信用卡，信用卡有哪些好處

2.信用卡的弊端 3.你自己的觀點

Credit Cards Personal credit cards are becoming more common in China.Banks and other financial institutions are encouraging their customers to change the way they buy things.Credit cards, otherwise known as “plastic money”, are being offered on very good terms to encourage the change.Consumers will be able to “buy now, pay later”, and many see this as an advantage.But people need to be careful.There are dangers associated with credit cards.Some people find it very easy to exceed their budget.They are tempted to purchase goods that they do not really need, and can become quickly overburdened by debt.The credit cards often charge a high rate of interest, which exacerbates the problems for these people.However, used wisely credit cards can improve the quality of people’s lives.They can give people access to money to meet sudden unplanned expenses.Properly handled, they can let people control their expenditure and the monthly statements provide a record of where their money has gone.點評：這是一篇議論文，關于信用卡的利弊?？梢苑殖扇糠郑?第一部分，信用卡的好處，比如說應急等；第二部分，信用卡的一些弊端，比如說鼓勵一些無用的消費；第三部分：你自己的觀點，理性使用。

預測十三

a)社會實踐的作用 b)可能產生的問題 c)提出建議

Social Practice Social practice has been more and more popular in universities and colleges.Students are asked to enter society and get some idea of it.Surely social practice has many advantages.Firstly, social practice can offer students a chance to contact society and meet different kinds of people.In this way students can gain some valuable social experience, which will be useful to their future career.Secondly, students can apply what they have learned in class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly.Thirdly, social practice can bring them some financial reward and make them more independent of their family.However, some problems may arise if no correct guidance is made.For example, some students get overly interested in social practice and want to work full-time and earn money, thus neglecting their studies.And some students are likely to get in touch with the dark side of society, which will affect their future studies.In order to carry out social practice smoothly, students should first know its objective.They should put their studies in the first place and see social practice just as a useful supplement, so they ought to try to strike a balance between

social practice and their studies.點評：本篇文章屬于解釋性說明文。就業市場的競爭要求大學生具有豐富的社會實踐，才能適應就業市場的競爭，所以現在在校大學生參與社會實踐活動頻繁，但如何處理好學業和社會實踐的關系成為人們關注的話題。本預測題與大學生生活密切相關，也是大學英語作文關注的重要話題。

預測十四

1． 心理健康問題往往是導致疾病的原因

2． 分析人們產生心理健康問題的原因(可從失業、壓力過重、缺乏支持、缺乏人際交往能力等方面分析)3． 你認為人們應如何保持心理健康

How to Keep Psychologically Healthy? One in four people will experience some kind of mental problem in the course of a year.When you fail to manage these problems, they are likely to cause various mental illnesses.The cause of mental health problems often vary a lot from one case to another.In today’s society, a good number of people are suffering from heavy pressure.Others lack communication skills.In addition, a lot of people are ignorant of psychological knowledge about how to keep mentally fit.There are a lot of ways to curb mental health problems and keep psychologically healthy.Firstly, find the real cause of your mental health problem and see whether you can do something about it.Secondly, learn to relax yourself and take exercises to release the pressure.Lastly, you may find it helpful to talk to your partner or friend about your problem, or seek support and advice form a psychological consultant

點評：據報道北京高校100多萬名在校大學生中，已經有14名自殺身亡。而去年全年，北京自殺死亡的學生為19人。社會對于大學生心理健康問題越來越關注，如何保持心理健康成為社會關注話題。本預測題與校園生活聯系緊密，是考試關注度較高的話題，值得重視。

預測十五

1.現在某些高校校園禁止車輛駛入，2.這種規定的考慮，3.談談你的看法。

Should cars be allowed into College Campus? With the rapid development of our national economy, private cars have become in large number;of course, quite a few cars are heavily driven into College Campus.In a significant way, these cars do not take up students’ places for study, but actually affect their daily life and study--for instance, this crowd of cars may make noise and emit filthy gas to choke us to death.And the campus is jammed

with lines of cars and seems to be parking lot instead of an academic institute.So cars have been strictly prohibited into many College Campuses.It seems that this is not convenience to some persons, indeed, but this is for the sake of our safety.Thus when someone enjoys convenience from modern tools, don't forget that it is dangerous to the students in the College Campus.Therefore, I agree that cars are not allowed into College Campus.By and large, with the price of cars falling significantly, cars will enter average families, and most Chinese will enjoy a luxurious lifestyle in their life.However, they are still prohibited to drive their cars into College Campus, which , I think, is a hard truth in the eyes of most people.點評：隨著人們物質生活的提高，私家車發展迅猛，越來越多的私家車停放在校園，由此產生了一些問題，如空間被占、噪音污染、環境污染等，為此許多學校禁止車輛駛入校園，本預測題與2006年名校校園是否對外開放相仿，值得關注。

預測十六

1.信息安全問題日益重要

2.信息安全事故可能導致的危害 3.如何做到信息安全

Information Security The human beings are stepping into the information society.The information industry develops very rapidly, so do the hackers, trick-playing teens, exploring children, fraudsters, and serious white-collar criminals.Thus, information security becomes an impending important issue.In case of information breach, the victims—government department, an organization or an institution, or a company will inevitably suffer great or small loss.Government may be threatened with national security.Companies may lose opportunities to develop new projects.And the public’s and users’ confidence will be damaged.Then how to deal with this issue? Technology is only a partial solution to information security.What’s more important is that organizations and companies should promote the awareness on information security to its staff.However, since no system can ever be 100 percent secure, a prevention-only approach to information security management is not enough.Companies and organizations should adopt a dual approach to information security management by combing prevention and detection techniques.點評：隨著我們步入信息社會和計算機應用的普及，利用計算機犯罪案件不斷上升，信息安全事故頻繁發生，媒體也不時有大量相關報道，如何保護信息安全成為人們關注的焦點，本預測題為社會熱點，值得關注。

預測十七

1.簡要介紹自己并說明應征該職位

2.告知公司為什么對此感興趣 3.簡述你為何是合適人選

An Application Letter Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Ming, a would-be graduate from Ninjing University.My major is English.Through the job advertisement, I have learned that you are hunting a qualified individual for a personal secretary to the General Manager of your esteemed company.I am fully convinced that I am the right person for the job.I realize that my future boss is extremely busy.However, it is exactly the challenge of my prospective position that attracts me.I am sure that my honesty, carefulness,patience,expertise , commitment and extensive knowledge will produce an excellent job performance.Next month, I am going to graduate from the English Department of Nanjing University, and I have over two years of secretarial experience.I have enclosed the details of my academic record, skills, and language abilities.Thank you for your time in considering my application.Yours Sincerely, Li Ming

點評：本文屬于書信體應用文，要求寫一封求職信。找工作是命題作文關注的話題之一，2001年和1995年都考查了求職面試的話題，本預測題要求寫一封求職信，既與求職話題相關，又是書信體作文，符合大學英語作文命題思路和考查重點。

預測十八

1． 一些學生贊成講座式教學 2． 另一些學生偏愛討論式教學 3． 你的看法

Lectures and Discussions There is a heated debate over the role of lectures and discussions in the classroom.Some people believe that lectures can help students learn more quickly.In contrast, others hold that discussions can stimulate students to learn by themselves.Those who hold the first opinion suggest that students attend more lectures.In their view, by giving lectures teachers help students master the knowledge they’ve accumulated over years of study and research.However, others think that in a discussion, the teacher usually guides the students instead of dominating them.They argue that to get involved in a discussion, students have to develop their ability to analyze problems independently.In my opinion, I stand on the side of neither idea.First of all, either method has its disadvantages.Furthermore, each student has his or her preference.Thirdly，lectures ate preferable to discussions in the teaching of science subjects, and on the contrary, discussions are preferable to lectures in studying the humanities.Therefore, we should adopt different teaching methods according to different subjects.點評：2007年考查了大學生選修課話題，再次證明作文命題自2003年以后側重于校園生活話題，該預測與校園生活聯系緊密，為作文命題經常關注的話題。本文屬于對比觀點加作者態度型的議論文寫作。

預測十九

1.目前網絡教育形成熱潮

2.你認為這股熱潮形成的原因 3.你對網絡教育的評價

My View on Online Education.Being online is no longer something new or fresh in our life.To some extent, it has become part of our daily life.We can do a lot of things online, such as searching for information and communicating with friends far away.But recently another helpful online activity has become very “in”.That is online education.Why could online education be so popular within such a short period of time? Among other reasons, the quick development of the Internet should be an essential one, which makes all our dreams of attending class in the distance possible.Another underlying reason is the quick development of both society and technology.Today, modern science and technology is developing with fantastic speed.To catch up with this development we all feel an urgent and strong desire to study.However, due to the great pace of modern society, many people are too busy to study full time at school.Online education just comes to their aid.Personally, I appreciate this new form of education.It’s indeed a helpful complement to the traditional educational means.It can provide different learners with more flexible and versatile ways of learning.Best of all, with online education, we can stick to our jobs and at the same time study and absorb the latest knowledge.點評：英特網的迅速發展改變了人們的生活和學習、工作方式，現代生活節奏快、工作忙導致人們沒時間全日制的學習，網絡和遠程教育正好滿足了人們的學習需要，許多大學生利用因特網學習知識，它成為傳統教學的有益補充。本預測題貼近時代，也與大學生校園生活相關，值得重視。

預測二十

1． 中國的污染的現狀 2． 造成污染的原因 3． 解決的辦法

Pollution: An Increasing Concern in China It is reported that ten big cities in China are being ranked among the top

twenty cities with the highest pollution index in the world.This means it is high time we did something to bring the situation under control.Many factors are contributing to the deteriorating situation: industrial wastes pumped into the air, the lakes and rivers;a increasing number of automobiles crowding into the streets;the widespread use of plastic bags etc.To my view, stiffer laws and regulations must be implemented to check pollution.Industries that release wastes without permission should be heavily fined.Cars should be equipped to minimize the exhaust they release into the air.And the use of plastic bags and disposable meal boxes should be banned.What’s more, the media should play an important role in implanting a sense of environmental consciousness into people’s mind.If everybody works toward a common goal of making the environment better, we can create a cleaner and lovelier world for us and for the coming generation.點評：該預測題為社會熱點話題，也是命題作文經常關注的環境問題，值得引起重視。本文屬于解釋性說明文的寫作，主題是“污染”。

預測二十一

1.表明你的身份和事件

2.對到場領導老師的支持予以感謝并闡述體育運動所帶給大家的好處 3.宣布運動會開幕并預祝此次運動會取得成功.An Opening Speech Ladies and Gentlemen, Good morning!I am Oscar, the spokesman of the Students’ Union.On behalf of the Students’ Union, the main organizer of today’s sports meeting, I welcome you all to the beautiful stadium.After two months’ preparation, our annual sports meeting is held on schedule.Thanks to the support and help from our school leaders and teachers.Though they have many school responsibilities, they have taken time off to take part in our sports activities.Let’s give them a big hand.Through sports, we can not only develop our physical prowess, but also promote social and emotional skills, and even intellectual skills, which will matter in our future lives substantially.So hope everybody here cherish this opportunity and enjoy it.At last, best wishes for the success of the sports meeting and best wishes for the good results of our athletes.It is my pleasure to announce the open of the sports meeting.Thank you and good luck!

點評：本預測題是一篇開幕詞，與2005年競選學生會主席演說詞相仿，運動會也是在校大學生校園生活必不可少的一部分，是在校生比較熟悉的話題，有話可說，便于發揮。

模 板

一.圖表分析型

1.開頭段: 描述圖表

As is clearly depicted in the graph, ??

For one thing, ?.For another,?why are there such sharp contrasts during these years? 2.中間段: 分析原因

Three reasons, in my opinion, can account for this phenomenon.First and foremost, ?? In the second place, ??.Last but not least, ?? 3.結尾段:預測未來 From the above analysis, we have enough reasons to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the table will(not)continue for quite a long time.二.利弊型

1.開頭段:闡述現象

Nowadays, people in growing numbers show their concern about? It’s generally agreed that it has plenty of advantages, but in the meantime it also gives rise to a host of problems.2.中間段:分析利弊

On the one hand,?has benefited us in many aspects.On the other hand, with all these advantages, it also brings us some trouble.3.結尾段:發表作者的觀點 On the whole, its merits far outweigh its demerits.Different people may have different attitudes towards it.But we should do our utmost to change its negative aspects into positive ones.三.觀點對比論證型 1.開頭段:闡述現象

?has become a heated topic among people.Opinions vary from person to person.2.中間段:闡述支持和反對的觀點 Some people assume that?

On the contrary, some others take an opposite side, firmly believing that? 幻燈片13 3.結尾段:發表作者的觀點

There is probably some truth in both arguments.From my point of view, it is urgent for us to take effective measures to maximize its advantages and minimize its disadvantages.Of the steps that we can take, to make the public realize its complex is of most importance, for consciousness is the precondition of action.補充 : Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former/latter opinion.For one thing,?For another, ?Considering these, I may reasonably conclude that?

四.問題解決型

1.開頭段: 闡述現象

There has been recently a discussion about? For instance, ?These have generated a great deal of harm.2.中間段: 說明危害性

To begin with,...Furthermore, ?.last but not least,? To sum up , it’s really high time that effective measures should be taken in view of the seriousness of the issue.3.結尾段: 解決問題

But how can we??As far as I’m concerned, it’s everyone’s business to fight against it.For one thing,..For another,?Therefore, I’m sure, with everyone doing his bit, we will change the present situation for the better.五.道理論證型

1.開頭段: 解釋諺語/道理

The well-known proverb “?..” has long been accepted by all of us.The truth is self-evident and profound.It tells us that ?? 2.中間段: a.舉例例證

There are numerous examples supporting this argument.Let’s take ? as an example.Another good case in point is(that?)

b.采取“有之如何，沒有又如何” 的寫作思路

?plays a pivotal role in one’s entire life.Naturally, anyone who is in possession of? is likely to overcome the obstacles which are inevitable in one’s way to success.However, there are a great number of people lacking ?.For them, it is tough to crack the hard nuts and deal with the challenges.And any minor barrier tends to be a factor that leads to their final failure.3.結尾段: a.總結

Judging from the examples given above, we may come to the conclusion that ?.So why not put what you are learning into practice? b.主張公眾應該明白這個道理

Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance the public awareness.We should bear in mind that?is of great significance to(both our society and)ourselves.Every one should ?Only in this way can we achieve success(and only in this way can our society become more harmonious to live in.)

第五篇：2011英語專轉本應用文練習題

應用文寫作練習題

Practice A

1.嘉欣剛剛從國外回來。在她出國期間，好友劉博雅給她年邁的母親以無微不至的照顧。為了表示謝意，周日送來了禮物——一架小攝像機。但此刻好友不在家，請寫張留言條。

2.曲敏收到賀春雨小姐三本書、一臺電腦，時間是2005年9月12日，請寫一張收條。

3.請假條：周航告訴布萊克先生因為頭疼需請假2天，附上醫生證明，時間是12月22日周一。

4.于磊今日從閱覽室借了三本雜志,答應一周之內還回來，請寫張借條。

Practice B

1.校長辦公室通知：明天是植樹節，天氣暖和，學生去公園植樹。早上七點整在公園門口集合，中午在那里吃飯，請帶好水和食物。

2.我校學生要為來訪的美國朋友舉辦一個晚會，歡迎大家參加。組織者：學生會；時間：4月25日晚7：30；地點：主樓會議廳；內容：音樂、舞蹈、唱歌、交換小禮品。

Practice C

假如你叫張明，24歲，畢業于湖北大學英語系，口語好，曾當過兩年英語導游，想找一份英文秘書的工作，愛好音樂和旅游，家庭地址是北京市東城區128號,電話：010-87264577。請寫一份個人簡歷和求職信。

Practice D

1.假定你叫李敏，王教授上周一到你們公司為新員工傳授經驗及提出建議，請給他寫封感謝信。

2.因為有個親戚要從北京來看你，所以你無法參加Susan舉辦的晚會，請給她寫封道歉信。

3.張教授是外國文學方面的專家。請你以學校學生會的名義給她寫一封邀請函，請她到你們學校在關于外國文學影響的學術研討會（academic seminar)上發言。

（1）時間地點：2006年4月5日上午9點，圖書館5樓

（2）希望得到他的盡快回復。

參考范文： Practice A

1.A Note for Presenting a gift

SundayDear Boya,I came to see you, but you were out.Please accept this little present, a camera and thank you very much for the kind services you gave to my old mother when I was not at home.I hope you will be pleased with it.All my best wishes.Yours,Susan

2.A Receipt

Sept.12, 2005Received from Miss He Chunyu the following items:Three booksOne computer

Qu Min

3．Ask for sick leave

Dec.22nd,MondayMr.Black,I am terribly sorry that I will be unable to go to work because of my toothache.I want to ask for a 2 days’ sick leave.Encl.: Doctor’s certificate

Zhou Hang

4.An I.O.U.Form

Mar.9, 2006Borrowed from library three magazines, I promise to return the books within one week.Yu Lei

Practice B 1.Notice

Tomorrow is Tree Planting Day.It is warm.The students will plant trees in the park.We will meet at the park gate at 7:00 in the morning.We will have lunch there.Please bring some water and food with you.Headmaster Office May 4, 20052.Notice

The Students Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, April 25th, to welcome our friends from the United States.The party will be held in the Meeting Hall of the Main Building.It will begin at 7:30p.m..There will be music, dancing, singing and exchanging of gifts.The Students Union

PracticeC 1.Resume

Resume

Zhang Ming

No.128 Dongcheng District

BeijingTel: 010-87264577 Work Experience

Working as a guide in English for two years Education

2000-2004:English Department, Hubei University Hobbies

Music, traveling

Language ProficiencyFluent in oral English Job Objective

to work as a English secretary

2.Letter of application

P.O BOX 108

BeijingApril 8, 2006

P.O BOX 2208 Beijing

Dear manager,I have learnt from China Daily that a secretary of English language is wanted in your company.I’d like to take this job.My name is Zhang Ming, a girl of 24.I have been working as a guide in English since I graduated from the English Department, Hubei University two years ago.I think I will take more pleasure in the job of secretary.I can speak English as well as Chinese.I want very much to be accepted by your company.I will work hard for your company.Thank you.Yours sincerely, Zhang Ming

Practice D

1.Letter of Thanks Dear Prof.Wang,Thank you for attending our meeting last Monday and for sharing your suggestion and experience with our new employees.Our group found your suggestion and recommendation extremely helpful.We hope we can return the favor sometime in the future.Thank you again.Sincerely yours,Li Min

2.Letter of apology Dear Susan,I am very sorry that I won’t be able to attend your evening party because a relative of mine from Beijing will visit me.Please accept my apologies, and I am confident that you will fully understand me.Sincerely yours,Kate

3.Invitation letter Dear Prof.Zhang,As an expert on foreign literature, you are very well-known among our students.On behalf of our school, I am inviting you to give a talk at the academic seminar about the influence of the foreign literature.The seminar will be held at 9:00 a.m., April 5,2006, on the fifth floor of the library.We could be most grateful if you would accept our invitation.Hope to hear from you soon.Sincerely yours,The Student Union