第一篇：高中英語語法句子結(jié)構(gòu)

英語語法——句子結(jié)構(gòu)

在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。英語的基本成分有六種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）和狀語(adverbial)。

英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。

英語五種基本句型列式如下：

一： Ｓ Ｖ（主＋謂）

二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋系＋表）

三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）

四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）

五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）主+謂

1.S(主）+ Vi（不及物動詞）（謂）

Time flies.1)S + V + adverbial(狀語）

Birds sing beautifully.2)S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介詞短語）

He went on holiday.3)S + Vi+ Infinitive(不定式）

We stopped to have a rest.4)S + Vi+ Participle(分詞）

I'll go swimming.主+謂+賓

1)S + Vt + N/Pron

I like music.I like her.2)S + Vt + to do(不定式）

I want to help him.常用于這句型的動詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。

3)S + Vt + doing I enjoy living here.常用于這句型的動詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。

4)S + Vt + That-從句

I don't think(that)he is right.常用于這句型的動詞有：Admit, believe, doubt, expect, explain, feel...主+系+表

S(主）+ V（謂）（lv)(系動詞）+ P（表）

We are Chinese.除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表感官的動詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。3)表延續(xù)的動詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬時的動詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他動詞 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。

1)S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞）

He is a boy.This is mine.2)S + Lv + Adj（形容詞）

She is beautiful.3)S + Lv + Adv(副詞）

Class is over.4)S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health.5)S + Lv + Participle(分詞）

He is excited.The film is interesting.主+謂+間賓+直賓

S(主）+ VT（謂）+ Oi（間接 賓）+ Od（直接賓）

I give you help.1)S + Vt + N/Pron + N I sent him a book.I bought May a book.上述句型可以變?yōu)椋篠 + Vt + N/Pron + To/for-phrase He sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.2)S + Vt + N/Pron + That-clause

He told me that the film was great.常用于這句型的動詞有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warn等。3)S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-Clause He asked me what he should do.常用于這句型的動詞有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)

S(主）+ Vt（謂）+ O（賓）+ C（賓補(bǔ)）

I make you clear.1)S + Vt + N/Pron + N We named our baby Tom.常用于這句型的動詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。

2)S + Vt + N/Pron + Adj He painted the wall white.常用于這句型的動詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。3)S + Vt + N/Pron + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order.4)S + Vt+ N/Pron + to do I wish you to stay.I made him work 常用于這句型的動詞有：

5)S + Vt + N/Pron + Participle(分詞）

I heard my name called.I feel something moving.6)S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive(不定式）

He show me how to do it.常用于這句型的動詞有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。句子的擴(kuò)展 常用的英語句子除了基本句型的成分不變通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是

各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。

We found the hall full.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個重要報告。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日報的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢的重要報告。

第二篇：高中英語語法句子的種類講解

高中英語語法句子的種類講解

高中英語句子種類 按使用目的，句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句，句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為簡單句

并列句和復(fù)合句，本為將為你講解這些知識，希望大家支持本站，你有什么好的文章請發(fā)布到本站

（一）按使用目的，句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。

1）陳述句（Declarative Sentences）：說明一個事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。例如：

Light travels faster than sound.光比聲傳播速度快。（說明事實(shí)）

The film is rather boring.這部電影很乏味。（說明看法）

2）疑問句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出問題。有以下四種：

a.一般疑問句（General Questions）：

Can you finish the work in time? 你能按時完成工作嗎？

b.特殊疑問句（Wh-Questions）：

Where do you live? 你住那兒？

c.選擇疑問句（Alternative Questions）：

Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶還是要咖啡？

d.反意疑問句（Tag-Questions）：

He doesn't know her, does he? 他不認(rèn)識她，對不對？

3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出請求，建議或發(fā)出命令。例如：

Don't be nervous!別緊張！

4）感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒。例如：What good news it is!多好的消息啊！

（二）句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類：

1）簡單句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡單句。例如：

She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜歡集郵。

2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號來連接。例如：

The food was good, but he had little appetite.食物很精美，但他卻沒什么胃口。

3）復(fù)合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一個主句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：

The film had begun when we got to the cinema.我們到達(dá)電影院的時候，電影已經(jīng)開演了。

（三）基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來的：

1)主 + 動（SV）例如：I work.我工作。

2）主 + 動 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.約翰忙。

3）主 + 動 + 賓（SVO）例如：She studies English.她學(xué)英語。

4）主 + 動 + 賓 + 補(bǔ)（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me right.時間會證明我是對的。

5）主 + 動 + 間賓 + 直賓（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。

第三篇：英語語法系列講座之三——句子結(jié)構(gòu)及復(fù)合句

語法系列講座之三

句子結(jié)構(gòu)及復(fù)合句

一、句子結(jié)構(gòu)

英語的句子分為三種：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句，其中并列句和復(fù)合句又是由若干個簡單句所組成的。

簡單句：The train arrives.The sea had become calm again.并列句：They must stay in water, or they will die.It is not cheap, but it is very good.復(fù)合句：The office that deals with passports is upstairs.When he woke up, the sea had become calm again.簡單句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)有五種： 1.主語＋謂語 Things change.2.主語＋連系動詞＋表語 Trees are green.3.主語＋謂語＋賓語

My sister will fix everything.4.主語＋謂語＋直接賓語/間接賓語 He bought his wife a ring.5.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ) I found the book easy.其他的各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)都是由這五種句型轉(zhuǎn)換、縮略或擴(kuò)展而成。由于表達(dá)意義的復(fù)雜化，句子與句子之間銜接照應(yīng)，修辭的使用和語言省略的原則等使得原本很簡單的這五種句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)在實(shí)際的使用中呈現(xiàn)了復(fù)雜化、多樣化的趨勢，因此常常造成了閱讀的障礙。

二、復(fù)合句

由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。由于在句中的作用不同，從句大體上可分為三種：名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句。I、名詞性從句

1．主語從句

（1）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語（一個句子）＋謂語＋…如： That the earth goes round the sun is known to us all.Whether he will come or not isn’t clear.What he said at the meeting is very important.How this happened is still a question.Who will win the game is clear.（2）It is/was +形容詞/過去分詞/名詞＋主語從句。如： It’s interesting that you should like the book.It’s a pity that we can’t go there with you now.It is not decided when the match will begin.（3）主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。如： Where they have gone is not known yet.（4）That 引導(dǎo)主語從句時一般不可以省略。如： That he was elected monitor made us satisfied.（5）“是否”引導(dǎo)主語從句用“whether”，而不用“if”。如： Whether he will join us or not doesn’t make any difference.2．賓語從句

（1）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋謂語（及物動詞）＋從句（賓語從句）如： I think that he is quite right to go there so early.Who can tell me when he left the school?（2）…＋介詞＋從句（賓語從句）。如：

Can you say something about how we can solve the problem? Pay more attention to what I am saying.（3）主語＋謂語（find, made, consider等）＋it +形容詞＋賓語從句。如： He found it important that he should study the situation in the United States.I consider it necessary that we often use spoken English.（4）主語＋be sure(glad, certain, afraid, happy 等)＋賓語從句。如： I’m sure that they will watch the football match.I’m afraid that he won’t come this evening.注意：that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時在句中不作任何成分，一般可以省略。

3．表語從句

（1）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋系動詞＋表語從句。如：

The question is who can solve such a difficult problem.It looks as if it’s going to rain.That’s what she is worrying about.（2）句型：The reason why/for which…is that…“…的原因是因?yàn)椤保@里的that不能用because替代。如：

The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.The reason for which she didn’t come was that she was ill.4．同位語從句

同位語從句放在名詞后用來說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容，這種名詞主要包括：news, fact, idea, view, promise, thought, truth等。如：

The news that their team has won the basketball match surprised everyone.The truth that he was badly injured made us very sad.II.定語從句

定語從句是一個句子作定語，修飾名詞或代詞，放在所修飾的詞后。被修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)一定句子成分的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞主要有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why等。III.狀語從句

狀語從句主要有以下幾種：（1）以when, as, while, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment/second that等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。

（2）以if, unless, once, as/so long as等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。（3）以where, wherever 等引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句。（4）（5）以because, since, as, for等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。

以though, although, ever if/though, no matter how(what, when…)等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

（6）以so that, so/such… that等引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。（7）以in order that, so that等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。（8）以(just)as, as if/though等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。

（9）以than, as…as, not so(as)…as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。

Exercise

1.Please speak louder _____ we can hear more clearly.a.for

b.because c.as

d.so that 2.I won’t go to bed _____ I’ve finished my homework.a.while

b.where c.when

d.until 3._____ she was very tired, she went on working without any rest.a.For

b.Though c.As

d.Since 4.Difficulties are nothing _____ you are not afraid of them.a.for

b.as c.if

d.whether 5.The building _____ face the south is our college lab.a.whose doors

b.the door of whom c.which doors

d.the door of which 6.The ship was sailing in the sea, in the middle of _____ stood an island.a.it

b.which c.that

d.this 7.Can you tell me the name of the factory _____ you visited last week? a.what

b.where c.then

d./ 8.Let’s discuss the questions _____ we are interested in.a.which

b.as c.about which

d.those 9.It seems _____ he has never met the woman.a.that

b.how c.whether

d.why 10._____ the boy didn’t take medicine made his mother angry.a.That

b.What c.How

d.Which 11.They have no idea at all _____.a.where he has gone

b.where did he go c.which place had he gone

d.where has he gone 12.The reason why he is not here is _____ he is ill in bed now.a.that

b.what c.how

d.why 13.This book is for the students _____ native language is not English.a.that

b.which c.whose

d.of which 14.Did you tell your mother all _____ you had seen on your way home? a.that

b.what c.why

d.how 15.I’ll leave him a note _____ he’ll know where we are.a.so that

b.now that c.that

d.in order 16._____ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.a.If

b.Whether c.That

d.Where 17.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a small child.a.which

b.where c.that

d.when 18._____ he arrives at seven, he cannot catch the bus.a.Since

b.Unless c.As

d.When 19._____ from Beijing to London!a.How long there is

b.What a long way it is c.What distance is there

d.How long is 20.You shouldn’t tell anybody _____ I’ve told you.a.which

b.that c.whom

d.what Answers:

1-5 DDBCA

6-10 BDAAA 11-15 AACAA

16-20 BBBBD 4

第四篇：高中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)心得

高中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)順口溜

來源:4221學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)整理 | 作者:未知 | 本文已影響 731 人

編輯推薦·高中|名師在線視頻1對1輔導(dǎo) 高一入口 高二入口 高三入口 ·初中|名師在線視頻1對1輔導(dǎo) 初一入口 初二入口 初三入口

動詞為綱“滾雪球” 難易編組抓循環(huán) 同類歸納印象深 圖示介詞最直觀 混淆多因形音義 反義詞語成對念 構(gòu)詞方法不可忘習(xí)慣用語集中練 詞不離句法最好 課外閱讀莫間斷

be 的用法口訣

我用am，你用are，is連著他，她，它； 單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。變否定，更容易，be后not莫忘記。疑問否定任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。

時間名詞前所用介詞的速記歌

年月周前要用in，日子前面卻不行。遇到幾號要用on，上午下午又是in。要說某日上下午，用on換in才能行。午夜黃昏須用at，黎明用它也不錯。

at也用在明分前，說“差”可要用上to，說“過”只可使用past，多說多練牢牢記，莫讓歲月空蹉跎。

記住f(e)結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)

妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌； 躲在架后保己命，半片樹葉遮目光。

巧記48個國際音標(biāo)

單元音共十二，四二六前中后。雙元音也好背，合口集中八個整。輔音共計二十八，八對一清又七濁，四個連對也包括。有氣無聲清輔音，有聲無氣濁輔音，發(fā)音特點(diǎn)應(yīng)掌握。

其他

非謂語動詞的一些特殊用法 后只接不定式作賓語的一些常用特殊謂語動詞 動詞后，不定式，want, hope和wish，agree, decide, mean, manage, promise, expect, pretend,且說兩位算在此，要記牢，要記住，掌握它們靠自己。

后接動詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語省略不定式符號“to”的一些常用特殊動詞 一些動詞要掌握，have, let和make, 此三動詞是使役，“注意”“觀察”“聽到”see，還有feel和watch，使用它們要仔細(xì)，后接“賓補(bǔ)”略去“to”，此點(diǎn)千萬要牢記

本篇文章來源于 【42

21學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)】除此之外，還可以掌握“八字言”，一感feel,二聽hear, listen to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 后只接動名詞做賓語的一些常用特殊動詞 特殊動詞接“動名”，使用它們要記清，“放棄”“享受”可“后悔”，“堅持”“練習(xí)”必“完成”，“延期”“避免”非“介意” 掌握它們今必行。

動名詞在句中的功能及其它

“動名”語法其功能，名詞特征有動、形，主賓表定都可作，“動名”、“現(xiàn)分”要認(rèn)清，“現(xiàn)分”不作“賓”和“主”，動名作“狀”可不行。二詞皆可作定語，混為一談不允許，主謂關(guān)系視分詞，“動名”一詞無此義。

現(xiàn)在分詞形式及在句子中的作用（包括過去分詞的作用）： 現(xiàn)在分詞真好記，動詞后面ING。它的作用真不小，可以充當(dāng)定狀表。還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，忘記此項(xiàng)不可以。

分詞做定語的位置及其它

“定分”位置有二條，詞前詞后定分曉。單個分詞在詞前，有時此規(guī)有顛倒。分詞短語在詞后，“定從”和它互對照。

“現(xiàn)分”動作進(jìn)行時，“過分”動作完成了。（注：“定分”：做定語的分詞；“定從”：定語從句；“現(xiàn)分”：現(xiàn)在分詞；“過分”：過去分詞。）

分詞做狀語在句子中所表示的意義 分詞做狀語，概有七意義。“ 時間”和“原因”，“結(jié)果”與“目的”。“方式”加“伴隨”，“條件”常出席。且談其主語，謂語頭前的*。欲要記住它，必須常練習(xí)。（*指句子的主語）

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)要認(rèn)清：名、代之后副或形。或是分詞或“介短”，with結(jié)構(gòu)不可輕，名代二詞是其“主”，句子結(jié)構(gòu)必分明。獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)好掌握 句中作用只一個：

千變?nèi)f化皆做“狀”，其中意義也不多。“時間”“條件”和“原因”，“方式”“伴隨”沒別的。“狀從”和其前三個，可以互變不難學(xué)。

本篇文章來源于 【4221

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第五篇：高中英語語法教案

高中英語語法教案

Teaching Goals:

1.To enable Ss to know about the way to express possibility and improbability.2.To enable Ss to master the usage of “may”, “might”, and “l(fā)ikely”.3.To help Ss learn how to use modal verbs “may” and “might” to express conjecture.Teaching Procedures: Step 1.Revision

Check the answers to the Vocabulary exercises in the Workbook.Step 2.Function 1.Ask Ss to do Activity 1 on page 54 and call back the answers.Then give them the correct answers.2.Ask Ss to identify the creatures in the pictures in Activity 4 on page 55, by using “may” or “might”.Arouse their interest in talking about possibility.3.Ask Ss to do Activity 2 on page 54 individually.Then check their answers.Step 3.Grammar

1.Leading-in

Ask Ss to work in groups and discuss the question in Activity 1 of Grammar on page 57.Then give them the right answer.2.Explanation

Explain how to use modal verbs to talk about something which happened in the past—perhaps.(1)對過去的事情進(jìn)行猜測，但把握較小時，肯定形式一般用may have done，否定形式一般用may not have done。如：

He may have gone back home, because he didn’t say he would take part in her birthday party.He may not have paid for the bill, because he had lost his job.(2)對過去的事情進(jìn)行猜測，但把握更小時，肯定形式一般用might have done，否定形式用might not have done。如：

They helped send her bat to the hospital;otherwise, she thought, the baby might have died.She might not have left home when I got to school.(3)對過去的事情進(jìn)行猜測，并且可能性較大時，肯定形式一般用must have done，否定形式一般用can’t have done。如：

Your score is the highest;you must have studied very hard.You can’t have seen her in her office last Friday;she’s been out of town for two weeks.3.Practice Ask Ss to do Activity 2 on page 57.Then call back the answers and correct them.4.Supplements

Explain how to use modal verbs to talk about something which happened at present—perhaps.用來表猜測的情態(tài)動詞有：must, can, may等，但它們所表示可能性是不同的。(1)對現(xiàn)在的事情進(jìn)行猜測，并且可能性較大時，肯定形式一般用must加動詞原形，此時，must不再表示“必須”，而是表示“肯定”；否定形式一般用can’t加動詞原形，此時，can不再表示“能夠”，而是表示“肯定不??”。如：

I saw him go out just now.He can’t be in his own room.It must be Linda in the classroom, because she is on duty today.(2)對現(xiàn)在的事情進(jìn)行猜測，但把握較小時，肯定形式一般用may加動詞原形，此時，may不再表示“可以”，而是表示“可能”；否定形式一般用may not加動詞原形。如：

He may tell the truth to his father.She may not angry because she is good-tempered.(3)對現(xiàn)在的事情進(jìn)行猜測，但把握更小時，肯定形式一般用might加動詞原形；否定形式一般用might not加動詞原形。如：

She might not be angry because she usually is very patient.He might be at home now, but I’m not sure.(4)情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測。如： At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.Doctor Wang isn’t here.He might be giving a lecture in the hall.(5)情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。如： Your mother must have been looking for you.The light was on the whole night.He may have been doing his homework all the time.5.Consolidation

Ask Ss to translate the following sentences.(1)他們也許錯過了那班飛機(jī)。

(2)快點(diǎn)！他們正在機(jī)場等我們。

(3)Tom是個誠實(shí)的孩子。他今晚可能會把真相告訴他父親。

(4)他五年前來看過我，他也許不費(fèi)勁就能找到我的住處。Step 4.Homework

1.Ask Ss to review Grammar.2.Ask Ss to finish Grammar exercises in the Workbook pages 97~98.