第一篇：高考英語“讀寫任務”中的短文段落大意的概括方法

高考英語“讀寫任務”中的短文段落大意的概括方法

廣州市黃埔區第八十六中學 趙安西

概括段落大意是理解掌握課文內容的重要手段，也是總結中心思想的前提。這里，向大家介紹幾種常見方法：

一、綜合法。就是圍繞文章的中心進行概括。如

A typical Chinese family in the past was quite large with many children, uncles and aunts living in the same courtyard.Parents and their children lived with their grandparents.Most Chinese families consisted of three generations who shared the same roof.But now the Chinese family has changed a great deal.The traditional large families are gradually disappearing and instead, with the housing reform and due to the family planning, one-child family with only the parents and a child is quite common in today’s society.With the change of the family structure, however, a few disadvantages have arisen.First, with only one child in a family, it’s easy to find a spoiled “Little emperor” everywhere.Second, who will take care of the old people in the future? Though one-child family may bring about these serious problems, I feel quite sure that we will find solutions to them.本文講了三層意思。第一段講了過去典型中國家庭模式(a typical Chinese family in the past)；第二層講現代中國家庭模式的變化形式(the changing form of the modern Chinese family)；第三層講了家庭結構的變化所帶來的不利之處(the disadvantages of the change of the Chinese family)。

這樣綜合三層的意思,短文大意可以概括為：

As time goes by, the structure of the Chinese family is changing.In the past, a typical Chinese family was quite large, but now it has changed into a smaller one, which has brought many disadvantages to our society.二、摘引法。就是摘用課文中的重點詞語或重點句（首起句、總結句、中心句）來概括。

Disadvantages of life in big cities Although big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages.Traffic is the first and often most serious problem.The majority of people spend a great deal of time on their way to work or coming back from work.During the rush time, all the streets are jammed with packed buses and endless lines of bicycles and cars, and almost avoidable traffic accidents occur, resulting in broken limbs and tragic deaths.Air pollution comes second.Factories and moving vehicles are constantly giving off smoke and harmful gases.There is no way to get fresh air except to go out of the city on weekends or holidays.If the weather is bad, you will find the whole city overcast with smog.As a result, pollution induced diseases are now a common occurrence.However, noise, and violence are to be found in every big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year.In short, life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy.To me, it is silly of people to choose to live in big cities.通過閱讀全文，不難看出短文中每一段的首句即為該段的中心意思。將每一段段落大意放在一起便可以作為這篇段文的概括：

Although big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages, such as the problems of traffic, air pollution, noise, and violence in every big city, and the situation seems to get worse year by year.三、取主法。就是短文中有幾層意思，取重要的層次作為短文大意中心部分。如：

Swimming is an elegant sport.Floating in the cool water, man feels free, relaxed and happy.It seems as if all the worldly affairs were gone and he were in the wonderland of quietness and beauty.When you are swimming, every bone and muscle is in motion.You will feel your heart beating hard, about 2 to 3 times faster than usual, which is good for your health.Besides, your lungs are trained when you are almost breathless.Their capacity is gradually being enlarged red, providing you with much more oxygen in a single breath.When it is burning hot in summer, you go to a swimming pool or seaside and jump into the clean cool water.You can enjoy lying gently on the water surface with every organ of your body totally relaxed.The beautiful blue heaven is high over your face, with white cotton-lid fluffy clouds swirling flexibly.Now and then some birds skim over the water or sing a merry song, and then merge in the distant blue.The trees along the river or lake are waving their leaves and their murmuring makes you feel that you are closer to nature.本文列舉了“游泳”的諸多好處。

第一小段寫了Man feels free, relaxed and happy by swimming；

第二小段寫了兩層意思。第一層寫Swimming can make every bone and muscle in motion and your heart beating faster, which is good for your health.第二層寫swimming can increase your capacity of your lungs, which provides you with much more oxygen in a single breath.第三段與第一段遙相呼應，細致地描述游泳的益處。但聯系全文我們可以確定第二小段中的第一層和第二層的所表達的游泳的益處是主要的。因此，段落大意可以概括為：

Swimming has many benefits to people.It can not only make you feel free, relaxed and happy, but can also accelerate your heart-beating and promote your every bone and muscle in motion and increase your vital capacity.四、合并法。就是把一段的幾層意思合并起來進行概括。

Whenever a college student is asked, “what are you going to do this summer vacation?” the most probable answer might be, “I’m going to travel.” It sounds that every college student is fond of traveling.Why? Because travel has many advantages.First of all, travel can make us know more — the knowledge of geography, the knowledge of customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries.Secondly, we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling.Finally, travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes.We can enjoy various food and beautiful sceneries.In a word, we can benefit from travel in more than one way.Traveling is worthwhile.本文主要闡述了“旅游”的各種好處，如：Firstly, travel can make us know the knowledge of geography, the knowledge of customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries.Secondly, we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling.Finally, travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes.We can enjoy various food and beautiful sceneries.綜上所述，歸根結底，一句話，本文主要講：Travel can give us all kinds of advantages.因此，我們可以這樣合并本文的大意：

Travel has all kinds of advantages.First, it can make us know much different knowledge and customs of different countries.Second, we can make friends and practice foreign languages through traveling.Lastly, travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes and appreciating beautiful sceneries.五、提煉法

即在短文中找出幾個關鍵詞，然后以這幾個詞為中心，概括短文要點。請看下面一篇文章：

How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material On-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the US.For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children.But jungles contain wonders as well as danger and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions(預防), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated(操作).” Kids have to be on line.If we tell our kids they can’t have chances to the Internet, we are cutting them off from their future.” said an expert.Most kids have started to use search engines.Many for them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go.There are search engines designed just for kids.Certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safety.The most popular way to limit chances would be to use what is known as a “content screener”.But this can’t be wholly reliable.And the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do in the Internet.Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing the Internet.我們從本文的每段中提煉出以下幾個能概括本文中心思想的單詞：

discussion – wonders – danger-search engines – guides 然后，我們再以這幾個詞為中心進行拓展。歸納概括此文如下：

How to get children to use the Internet correctly is a topic being discussed in America.Some think the Internet has many wonders, but it can also bring danger to children because of unhealthy websites.Therefore, search engines should be used to restrict their use of the Internet and guidance be given to them.

第二篇：閱讀的基本方法(概括段落大意)

閱讀的基本方法（歸納段落大意）

段落大意是指段的主要意思，是對一個段落的基本內容的簡縮和初步的概括。段落大意要用明確、完整、簡潔的語句表達。

一篇文章是由許多段組成的。這里的段是指自然段、小段，也叫小節。它是由一句或幾句話連在一起，自成段落的。在書寫格式上，是以開頭空兩格的形式為標志的。一般情況下，每段都能表達一個相對獨立的意思。

大段，是指結構段，也叫邏輯段。它是由一個或幾個自然段組成的。這些自然段內容上是緊密聯系的。

一篇文章通過分段和歸納段落大意，能使我們了解作者是怎樣安排材料、組織材料的，可以幫助我們更深入地理解文章的內容和中心思想，同時能提高我們的理解能力和概括能力。

概括段意，可以直接通過閱讀句概括全段段意，也可以先給自然段劃分層次，概括出層意后再歸納段意。一般比較簡單的自然段采用前面的方法，比較長、結構又比較復雜的自然段采用后面的方法比較穩妥。

一、概括段落大意的要求

1、概括段落大意的要求是：明確、完整、簡練、連貫。

“明確”是指讓別人一看就明白這段主要寫了什么，一般用敘述語言表示。“完整”是指段意的語言要完整，不能是半句話，也不能是一個詞組，概括的要點不能遺漏。“簡練”是指語言表達要簡明扼要，不羅嗦。“連貫”是指概括出各段的段意或各層之間的層意應該是互相聯系的。如果把各段段意連續起來看，就是一篇文章的脈絡及主要內容。

2、概括段意還要掌握以下幾個原則：

（1）、概括段意要從內容的角度概括，而不能從思想角度概括，不能寫成這一段說明了什么。

（2）、不能寫成提綱式。如“交代了事情發生的時間、地點和原因。”

（3）、應該是完整的句子，不能是詞或詞組，也不能是疑問句，而應該是陳述句。請看下面這段話。

紅色的光透過雪雨和霧氣的本領很強。司機在惡劣的天氣里，老遠就能看到醒目的紅色信號，引起警惕。所以紅光用來禁止通行。黃光的亮度大，在陰雨和霧天，透霧的能力也很強。變燈時，黃燈一亮，就告訴司機：“注意啦！準備停車！”“注意啦！準備開車！”綠色，是大自然中花草、樹木的顏色，看了以后使人感到舒暢、愉快，象征著平安，所以把綠色作為通行信號。

以下是四個同學概括的段意：（1）

光的特點。

（2）

紅光、黃光透過雪雨和霧氣的本領很大。

（3）

紅色的光透過雪雨和霧氣的本領很強，司機能看到紅色信號，引起警惕。黃光亮度大，透霧的能力也很強。綠色是大自然的顏色，看了以后使人感到舒暢、愉快，所以作為通行信號。

（4）

紅光、黃光透過雪雨和霧氣的本領大，信號醒目。綠光使人感到舒暢。

二、概括段意的步驟

1、弄清全文的內容

2、讀懂自然段的內容，正確理解句與句、層與層之間的關系，區別主次

3、選擇最合適的歸納方法

4、用明確、完整、簡練、連貫的語句表達

三、概括段意的方法

（一）、摘句歸納法

摘句歸納法是最簡便的概括段意的方法，就是從文章中找出足以表達段意的句子，可以把它摘錄下來直接作為段意，或者稍加修改作為段意。有中心句或過渡句的段落往往可用摘句歸納法。承上啟下的過渡句有時能作為前后兩段話的段意。

用摘句歸納法要謹慎。必須先弄清這段的主要意思，然后再看看所摘的句子是否能明確、完整、簡要地表達段意。同時也要注意摘錄的句子是否需要修改加工。

請看下面兩段話。

海南島是個寶島，是祖國南海的一顆明珠。在那里，椰子、檳榔、芒果、木瓜、香蕉等熱帶水果，到處都是；橡膠、油棕、咖啡、可可、胡椒等熱帶經濟作物，遍布全島。在五指山區，有遮天蔽日的原始森林，有各種名貴的樹木，還有珍奇的熱帶、亞熱帶動物。在環島的海洋中，海灘上，盛產魷魚、馬鮫魚、飛魚、龍蝦、麒麟菜，還有海石花、海鹽和五光十色的海螺、海貝。在平原地區，一年四季可以種植莊稼，水稻一年可以收三次，樹木四季常綠，鮮花四季常開??一句話，這是一座美麗的大花園，這是一座巨大的萬寶庫。‖

海南島不但是美麗富饒的寶島，還是一個有著光榮革命斗爭傳統的寶島。早在1926年，當地的漢族群眾和黎族、苗族群眾，在黨組織的領導下，組成了瓊崖游擊隊，同國民黨軍隊、日本侵略者作了不屈不撓的斗爭。‖

你會概括這兩段話的段意嗎？試一試。

[練習]請用摘句歸納法概括以下各段的段意。

1、下午，我們幾個人攀談起來。通過談話，我們了解到“八仙桌子”自然保護區資源非常豐富。這三萬多畝林子，簡直就是一片林海，不僅有松樹和各種果樹，還特別適合次生闊葉樹生長。這里還有二百多種可以入藥的植物。森林中野生動物也很多，地上跑著狍子、狐貍、豹，樹上有幾十種鳥在鳴叫，給這片森林增加了生機。

2、在西沙群島遼闊的海面上，成千上萬的海鳥在自由自在地飛翔。海鳥中數量最多的是一種白鳥。清晨，白鳥成群地飛向大海尋找魚群；傍晚，它們又成群地飛回島上，住進巢里。最大的海鳥是信天翁，它的翅膀就有兩米長，它能連續飛行好幾百公里，不用停歇。最珍貴的鳥是野鴨，用它的羽毛制成的衣服，又輕又軟，穿在身上暖和極了。這里的海鳥種類繁多，有的連名字都叫不上來。這里可真是鳥的世界啊！

3、你問我的弟弟嗎？他名叫甜甜。弟弟的模樣長得可招人喜愛哩！濃黑的眉毛下，長著一雙水靈靈的大眼睛；紅撲撲的臉蛋，好像那熟透了的鮮蘋果，一笑，腮上就顯出兩個小酒窩。別人都夸他聰明可愛，我呢？也很喜歡他，可又覺得他有點傻乎乎的。

4、我贊美橋，更贊美我們敬愛的老師，老師像橋一樣樸實。他們既不像著名科學家那樣馳名中外，也不像電影明星那樣引人注目。他們普通而平凡，但他們擔負著培育下一代的重任。老師像橋一樣辛勤。多少靜靜的深夜呵，老師還在燈下備課，批改作業。那作業本上的條條批語，個個紅鉤，不全都凝聚著老師的心血嗎？老師把一批批學生送到各個工作崗位上，而在培養學生的過程中，卻像火炬一樣燃燒著自己。老師像橋一樣無私。如果將來我能取得一些成就，那我要說，是老師用身軀為我架起了通往成功之路的橋梁。老師呵，您為我們無私地貢獻了一切！

（二）聯詞歸納法

聯詞歸納法就是找出能表達本段內容的詞語，然后將其摘出聯接在一起作為段意。

用聯詞歸納法必須認真思考所摘出的詞語能否表達段意，把詞連在一起時要注意語句通順，別扭、累贅都是不可取的。

請看下面這段話。在認真閱讀的基礎上，用筆在原文上劃出有關詞語，然后把它們稍加整理聯結起來。

那是去年五月的一個星期天，我不小心摔了一跤，左小腿骨折，被送進了醫院。消息傳到學校，同學們非常關心地來醫院看望我。

七天以后，由于我一再要求，醫生同意我出院。可是爸爸在外地工作，媽媽又要上班又要忙家務事，我自己還是上不了學呀！正當我為上學的事為難時，同學們伸出了友誼之手。大家輪流，每天早上接我上學，每個課間扶我上廁所，每天中午為我打飯，每天放學送我回家，每次換藥背我上醫院??整整四十五天，同學們從未間斷。

這段話的段意是：“我”小腿骨折住院了，同學們都來看望“我”。出院后，同學們每天接“我”上學，送“我”回家，四十五天從未間斷。

[練習]用聯詞歸納法概括段意。

1、有一天中午放學后，學校里其他同學都走了，我一個人留在教室里，把教室打掃得干干凈凈并灑上了水。然后，我滿頭大汗地跑回了家。下午，老師一 進教室就微笑著把目光投到我身上，全班同學都會意地笑了。我心里覺得甜絲絲的。

2、我的媽媽是個兒科醫生，她和所有的媽媽一樣，有一雙普通的手。這雙手不曾干過什么驚天動地的大事，也不曾創造過什么了不起的奇跡。但這雙手整天忙碌不停，縫紉、繡花樣樣都行，還常與抹布、臟碗、臟衣服打交道。每當夜晚來臨，人們進入夢鄉時，這雙手還沒停止工作，她握著筆桿寫呀寫，也許是寫治病心得，也許是在摘抄醫學資料??媽媽的手是一雙勤勞的手，我深深地愛媽媽的這雙手。

3、有一次算術考試，我得了滿分。那天放學后，我飛奔回家，一見到媽媽就說：“我算術考試得了滿分！”我把“滿分”兩個字說得特別響，生怕媽媽不注意聽。正當我 得意非凡，輕飄飄地踱到書桌前的時候，無意之中又看到了周爺爺的相片，我仿佛感到周爺爺對我搖了搖頭，并對我說：“知識是無限的，考卷上的一百分，??”我清醒了。

4、春雨淅淅瀝瀝地下個不停。在密密的雨簾中，街上的行人稀少，我不禁加快了腳步向前走去。我只顧低頭趕路，突然把身旁的一個行人撞了一下。我連忙抬起頭來，只見他踉蹌了一下，迅速扶住了路旁的墻壁，才沒有倒下去。“對不起，對不起！”我連聲道歉。“噢，噢，不要緊。”哎呀！我這時才發現他竟是一個雙目失明的人。我心里感到一陣不安，忙說：“大泊，我扶你回去吧！”說著，就伸出手攙扶著他。“太謝謝了，小姑娘。”他很感動地說著。我們一起繼續向前走去。5、1932年春，賀龍帶領隊伍，從洪湖出發，向漢水以北的京山挺進。當地群眾成群結隊地來送行。有個農民挑著一擔藕，好不容易擠到賀龍面前，一定要把這擔節節像胳膊粗的嫩藕送給紅軍。盛情難卻，賀龍只得按部隊的規定，付了錢，收下了這擔藕。

（三）、節意歸納法

有些意義段往往是由幾個小節（自然段）組成。節意歸納法就是在認真閱讀文章的基礎上，一節一節地歸納節意，在聯系文章的主要內容看看哪幾節是要點，然后取主舍次，以主要節意為立足點綜合加工，歸納出理想的段意。這是歸納段意常用的方法。

請看下面這幾段話。

我和爸爸每次出門，見人擠的地方他總要皺皺眉頭，趕快離開。然而在書店門口，人再多，他也要擠進去。有時買到了一本好書，他會情不自禁地說：“值得擠，要不就錯過機會了。”

爸爸的書放得整整齊齊。有一次，我從書櫥里翻出本法語書來看。爸爸下班后，一走進屋就板著臉問：“誰來翻過書了？”我支支吾吾地承認了。從此，爸爸給我定了一條規矩：看他的書，要先征得他的同意才好拿。

爸爸平時是不發脾氣的，可誰要損壞了他的書，那可不得了。有一回，我不留心把一包餅干放在他的書上，不一會，書面上沾了一些油，爸爸瞪著眼叫道：“你這小家伙，不是讀書的，是吃書的！”還揮起拳頭像要打我的樣子，我害怕極了。

爸爸每次買書回來，總要先洗干凈手，把桌子擦得一塵不染，小心翼翼地給書包上封面，然后一頁頁認真地翻閱。爸爸書櫥了的書保存得很好，即使是很久以前買的，也是嶄新的。

根據四節的節意歸并成段意：爸爸買書不怕擠，買回書后總要洗手，擦桌子，包封面。爸爸的書放得整整齊齊，要是誰損壞了書，他就要發脾氣。

[練習]用節意歸納法概括段意。

1、大自然的色彩是多么豐富：潔白的雪花，碧綠的湖水，金黃的麥浪。然而，我最喜歡的還是那平凡的綠葉。綠葉通過光合作用，能吸收二氧化碳，釋放氧氣，以保持空氣的清新，綠葉具有很強的生命力。

綠葉是平凡的，但它的精神是偉大的。我愛綠葉，更愛具有綠葉精神的人。在“四化”建設中，有無數無名英雄，他們雖然貌不出眾，語不驚人，但一直勤 勤懇懇、默默無聞地工作著，為祖國的繁榮富強貢獻著自己的一切。所以我愛綠葉，更愛綠葉似的“四化”建設中的無名英雄。

2、一只黃鼠狼偷吃了一只小雞。母雞大嬸報案后，黑貓警長馬上騎上摩托車追蹤，一口氣追出五六里地，終于在一堆亂草垛里逮住了作惡多端的黃鼠狼。

田鼠寫信給黑貓警長，說啄木鳥破壞樹木應該嚴懲。黑貓接到信后，立即趕到森林，走訪了小松鼠、喜鵲等，它們一致反映啄木鳥愛護樹木，成天為樹木捉蟲治病，是樹木的好醫生。黑貓警長當場表揚了啄木鳥，處理了田鼠的誣告行為。

一只老鼠犯了偷盜罪，送給黑貓警長兩條魚，想讓黑貓警長從輕處理。“誰要你的臭魚。”黑貓把眼一瞪，說：“快把魚扔出去。”老鼠只得灰溜溜地走了。黑貓警長按規定懲處了老鼠。

3、蝸牛在墻腳邊爬。

蚯蚓看見，問：“蝸牛哥，你到哪兒去啊？”蝸牛說：“我到墻頂上去，看看遠處有些什么。”蚯蚓忍不住笑了出來：

“哼！你不要空想了吧！你應該明白自己爬得有多慢呀！“蝸牛不去理睬，慢慢地爬上了墻壁。

蚯蚓覺得蝸牛太傻了，笑了笑，就鉆到泥里去睡覺了。

蚯蚓一覺醒來，鉆出泥來看看，再也看不見蝸牛了。原來蝸牛早已爬到墻頂上去了。

（四）、分層歸納法

分層歸納法首先要看看這一段中有幾句話，再看看是分幾層意思來敘述的，每一層寫了寫什么內容，主要意思是什么。然后經過分析、比較，抓住與這段話的主要內容關系密切的各層意思歸納成段意。要注意把各層層意歸并在一起，這里的歸并是指內容的歸并，而不是層意的簡單相加。歸并的過程也是進一步概括的過程。凡是意思相同的層意或詞語要合一；凡是在段中屬次要意思的內容應刪去（如有些內容在層中是主要的意思，在段中并不是主要意思）；凡是修飾的詞語或描寫的語句，一般應刪去。有時還要適當地加上一些必要的關聯詞語，把語 言組織合理、通順。

請看下面這段話。

我去年種了一株“丑菊”，天天盼著它快開花，因為我倒要看看享有如此惡名的花兒究竟長得怎樣。可是事與愿違，它偏偏跟我過不去，懶洋洋地睡大覺，連花的影子都沒有。我氣得真想把它拔了，但沒舍得。今年“五一”節，沉睡了一年的花兒忽然打了苞，我高興極了，真慶幸沒把它扔掉。起初，底狹頭寬的葉芯中夾了個綠綠的小球，非常小，只有小綠豆那么大。長了幾天，花苞就透出一點黃色，這時，已有黃豆大小。再耐心等候幾天，花終于開了，顏色金黃金黃，幾十個花瓣擺了三四層，雖只有銅錢大小，但這就更顯出它的嬌小、美麗了。

[練習]用分層歸納法概括段意。

1、鄧爺爺來啦！他帶著慈祥的笑，向我這里走來。我連忙敬了個隊禮，說：“鄧爺爺，您好！”鄧爺爺高興得連連點頭，并和我親切握手。|鄧爺爺和藹可親的樣子使我緊張的心平靜下來。我沉著操縱著計算機，順利地打出各種變化的圖形。|鄧爺爺仔細地看著我的表演，臉上露出滿意的微笑。|

2、王英和我是鄰居，她今年十八歲。十一年前，她在唐山大地震中不幸受傷，造成終身癱瘓。|然而，她身殘志堅，硬是靠著頑強的毅力完成了小學、初中、高中的全部課程，現在又開始攻讀大學了。更可喜的是她的處女作中篇小說《生日禮物》就要在雜志上發表了。|每當我想起王英，心里就充滿敬佩之情，身上頓時增添一股力量。|

3、十二點鐘，指揮臺宣布比賽開始。|一對對龍舟像離弦的箭一樣向前飛馳。頓時，“咚咚鏘！咚咚鏘！”的鑼鼓聲，“噼劈啪啪”的鞭炮聲，震天動地。岸上的人群興高采烈，歡呼跳躍。|一艘艘龍舟，你追我趕，爭先恐后。每一艘龍舟的指揮者，都站在船頭，敲著鑼，指揮著戰友齊力向前。每一艘劃槳的健兒，一個個拼命劃著槳，動作整齊麻利，沖向前方。每一艘上的掌舵的穩操舵把，決不越道。這是多么激動人心的場面啊！|

第三篇：2014廣東高考英語作文_讀寫任務30詞概括指導

高考英語讀寫任務是給出一段短文，讓考生閱讀后在規定的時間內用2-3句話，不超過30詞概括文章大意，然后根據一個主題，圍繞幾個要點發表自己的一些看法。

1.讀寫任務主要考查學生的概括能力和綜合語言應用能力。首先，它要求學生用__30__詞左右概括一段___200_詞左右的短文；然后，讓學生圍繞要點進行寫作，要點一般有_3__個。

2.概括短文時，要會抓關鍵詞。如短文中出現頻率最高的名詞主語便是大意句的_主語____，根據短文中__形容詞____的褒貶意義，可以推測出作者對于這一觀點或事件的看法和態度。抓實義詞遴選關鍵詞----閱讀概括短文

Exemplifying in Skills

關鍵詞的分類

主語--短文中出現最多的主語名詞，通常就是大意句的主語。

謂語--“干什么” “怎么樣”

形容詞--觀點和態度:褒：贊成 or 肯定/貶：反對 or 否定

針對不同文體寫短文概要

說明文和新聞報道:

中心句(通常在首段)抓好關鍵詞

現象分析型說明文: “現象”

“現象形成原因”“解決問題的方法或建議”

記敘文:

“五何”: 何時(when), 何地(where), 何人

(who), 何事(what),結果如何(how)

夾敘夾議型: 加上作者的看法或感想等以第三人稱或無人稱來概括

議論文

找出中心論點以及最后的結論，再補充論據

概要句型模板

1.According to the passage, we know that.../ From the passage, we can know that...2.In this passage, the writer / author states / thinks / argues that...3.In this passage, the writer/author tells us about...4.The story / passage is about...5.The story / passage mainly tells us that...6.It’s reported that.../ As is reported in the passage,...the points you should pay attention to

1.不需要把所有要點都涵蓋。

2.在這些內容中比重最大的是what，不要把what寫得太詳細，注意濃縮。

3.找出敘事中夾帶的議論，挖掘出文章的主題。

4.用自己的話把主題和主要情節組織成摘要。

Don’t copy the sentences in the text.Use another word or phrase that has the same or similar meaning.Use different sentence structures to express the same idea.

第四篇：高考英語讀寫任務經典結尾段

高考英語讀寫任務經典結尾段

一、真題

⑴ 2007年廣東高考題 【省略閱讀文段】

【寫作內容】

假設你就是信中的Ari，父親在你出生的時候寫了這封信。今天是父親50歲生日，你準備以寫信的方式，祝賀他的生日。以下是信的內容（信的開頭和結尾已經為你寫好）：

1.以約30個詞概括父親在他信中對你的期望；

2.以約120個詞表達你對父親的感恩，并包括如下要點：

（1）讀信后的感受；

（2）以你自己成長的經歷說明你的感受；

（3）表達你對父親的感激和祝福。【參考范文結尾段】

Today is your 50th birthday, on which I thank you again from the bottom of my heart and wish you could enjoy a long and happy life.⑵ 2008年廣東高考題 【省略閱讀文段】

【寫作內容】

學校最近組織了一次中美學生交流活動，你參加其中的“大學校園生活”討論。聽完Mike的發言之后，你準備寫一份發言稿，題目是“Preparing Myself for College Life”，內容要點包括：

1.以約30個詞概括Mike的發言要點；

2.然后以約120個詞談談你理想的大學生活，內容包括：

（1）對中學生活的感受；

（2）理想的大學生活；

（3）中學生活和大學生活的差別，以及你打算如何適應。【考場滿分作文結尾段】

However, life is like a box of chocolate and you’ll never know what’s inside until you open it.Of course the college life will greatly differ from my previous life in high school.But I’m an active girl and I’ll do what Mike taught us to——take part in various activities.I’m sure I’ll make a lot of new friends and with them;I will be absolutely able to adjust the differences in a short time!

⑶ 2009年廣東高考題 【省略閱讀文段】

【寫作內容】

1.以約30個詞概括這段短文的內容；

2.然后以約120個詞就”該不該禁止游客和動物拍照”進行議論, 內容包括：(1)人們在參觀動物園時為什么喜歡和動物拍照；(2)假如你處在那些動物的處境, 你會有什么反應；(3)你認為是否應該禁止游客和動物拍照。【參考范文結尾段】

I think it necessary to ban tourists’ taking pictures with animals,making a comfortable environment for them to live and regarding them as our friends,so as to establish harmonious relations with animals

⑷ 2010年廣東高考題 【省略閱讀文段】 【寫作內容】

以約30詞概括上文的主要內容。

以約120詞對用金錢鼓勵孩子學習的現象進行議論，內容包括：

(1)你對用金錢鼓勵孩子學習的看法：

(2)你的父母(或其他親人)是如何鼓勵你學習的；(3)你認為怎樣才能更好地鼓勵孩子學習。

【優秀范文結尾段1】

I think, as a student myself, school and parents should educate their kids through teaching them to study for their family and their motherland rather than giving them money to letr them passively do something.Only by building up some noble and long-range aims can they study on their own initiative.【優秀范文結尾段2】

To get kids motivated to learn,I think we should not treat every child in the same way.To some students,oral praise is essential.Don’t save the praise for only the top score.If possible,involve other adults in praising them.However,this method may not work well with other kids.May what is more important to them is to watch a movie or go on a trip together with their parents.It just depends.⑸ 2011年廣東高考題 【省略閱讀文段】 【寫作內容】 以約30詞概括上文的主要內容。以約120字講述一次你（或你的朋友）想家的經歷，內容包括：（1）時間、地點和起因；

（2）想家給學習和生活帶來的影響；（3）你（或你的朋友）是如何應付的。

【參考范文結尾段】

As days went on, I slowly adapted to the new environment.I actively communicated with my new students and made friends with them.My homesick gradually disappeared.二、按不同寫作要求劃分

1、記敘文

⑴ 通過一件事說明一個道理，或有某一種意義。中心： 對他人。第1篇

與他人交往---真實朋友 就“如何才能夠交往真實朋友的道理”這個主題發表你的看法，至少包含以下的內容要點（）（），該部分的字數大約120詞；（1）、敘述你是怎樣與別人交往成為真實朋友的一次真實的或者虛構的經歷;（2）、根據這篇文章所闡述的交友道理，結合現實生活，談談你的看法

In my opinion, a true friend is someone who is always ready to help you and stay by your side.A true friend cannot be found out on purpose.He appears by chance.When a true friend appears, we must learn to value him;because it’s really hard to find a true friend.In the real world, I treat my friend by heart;because I believe how you treat others, others will use the same way to get along with you.I always try my best to help my friends, in return, they also lend me a hand when I am in troubles.A true friend will never leave you.Instead, he will give you his advice, his guide, his kindness, his warmth at any time you need.第2篇 與他人相處，不看外表看心靈，看行動。

From that I know that only after you have get along with a person for a while can you know how he is.I believe that nothing is impossible, so we should not judge a person from his look but from his behavior.⑵ 通過一件事說明一個道理，或有某一種意義。中心;對本人。第1篇

1、以約120個詞寫一篇記敘文，描寫你認識到耐心的重要性的一次經歷，并包括以下要點： 1）、敘述你認識到耐心的重要性的一次真實或虛構的經歷；2）你是如何認識到耐心的重要性的；3）耐心對你的生活、學習有什么影響。

…… Only then did I realize the importance of patience.Being impatient will waste all the efforts that we have made.Patience also plays an important part in our study and work.With it we can achieve greater.Now, whenever I am to lose my patience, I’ll think of the experience of waiting for a bus.第2篇

寫一篇記敘文，描寫你或你的朋友因驕傲而落后的一次經歷，并包含以下內容： a)談談這則故事給人們的啟示；

b)敘述你或你的朋友因驕傲而落后的一次真實或虛構的經歷； c)談談這次經歷對你或你的朋友思想態度的影響。

From then on, I became modest and never proud again.第3篇

寫一篇記敘文，描寫你第一次同外國人說英語的一次經歷。要求包括以下要點（）（）：a)敘述你的一次真實或虛構的經歷；b)詳細描述這次經歷的時間、地點、經過和結果；c)經歷此事后的感想。So when we speak with a foreigner, we should be confident about ourselves.Forget all about the grammar and don’t be afraid of making mistakes.第4篇

1.以約30個詞概括短文的要點（）（）；

2.然后以約120詞 “就如何戰勝病痛” 為主題發表自己的看法，并包括如下要點（）（）： 1)你是如何面對病痛的;2)你身邊的人是如何面對病痛的;3)你認為什么才是戰勝病痛的最好方法.In my opinion, we should face pain bravely instead of escaping from it.Besides, we can find a good way to share your feelings with others, and then we’ll overcome it.2、議論文發表觀點、看法的： 第1篇

【寫作要求】

1．作文中可使用自己的親身經歷或虛構的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2．文章的開頭已給出。

I think it is high time we got rid of these bad habits.Let’s make every effort to do what we can to help hold the 2008 Olympics and the 2010 Asian Games successfully.Remember: small things make a difference.第2篇.1.以約120個詞就“低碳生活”進行議論，內容包括：

（1）低碳生活所包含的出行方式，節能等方面，并具體舉例說明；（2）簡要談低碳生活的好處。

In a word, leading a low-carbon lifestyle helps cut the carbon-dioxide emissions, save energy and give us a healthy life.(127 words)第3篇.就“節約資源，愛我校園 Save Resources and Love Our School”的主題發表你的看法，內容包括：

（1）您認為校園里存在哪些浪費的現象；（2）談談這些浪費現象帶來的危害；

（3）建設“國際生態學校”，您該做點什么？(2010深圳一模)To build ours an Eco-school, first I must educate my schoolmates to be more environmentally friendly.Then we can start from doing some small things, such as collecting used items for recycling, turning off the lights, saving water.Always remember our responsibilities, and “Every little counts!” 第4篇

就“外出旅游采用乘飛機的方式好嗎”這個主題發表你的看法，至少包含以下的內容要點，該部分的字數大約120詞左右。外出旅游的交通方式有多種；

人們對于乘飛機方式有不同的看法；

如果你去旅游你會采用何種交通方式？為什么？

……When it comes to me, I would prefer traveling in a luxury train, reading a novel, tasting milk tea, and enjoying a relaxing morning on a train.3、“二選一”觀點的寫法

當寫作內容出現：“該不該，是還是，是否”等命題時，你的看法、態度、觀點最好站在一邊來寫，此時結尾段亦總結一方觀點。第1篇.就“家長該不該首先注重孩子的個性（品格）發展”這個主題發表你的看法，至少包括以下的內容要點，該部分的詞數大約120詞。1）表明你對短文觀點的態度。2）以你自己的經歷簡述你的父母是怎么做怎么想的。3）你對父母的做法有何看法？為什么？ As they say, education begins at one’s earlier age in the family, and I’m really lucky to have such wonderful parents.With no extra parental pressure, I’m always in a relaxed condition for study.So if parents really love their children they should begin by helping them build good personal qualities.第2篇

（1）你愿意獨處還是與朋友共處？

（2）請簡要說明原因，并以你的經歷來支持你的觀點。

①In a word, a friend in need is a friend indeed.May all of us treasure our friends.②To sum up, it’s good to have real friends, but we also have something that is for us to do alone.第3篇.你在某英文報刊看到這則新聞后，準備就學生違紀的處理方式寫一篇簡評給該報編輯部，題目是“Should Schools Suspend Troublesome Students？”。內容要點包括：

1．以約30詞簡要概括新聞內容；

2．然后以約120詞談談你的觀點，內容包括：

（1）你是否支持該校長的做法，并陳述理由；

（2）假設你是學校校長，談談你將如何處理違紀學生，并陳述理由。

If I was in charge of a school I would also be very strict with students who don’t behave well.I would first warn and then suspend students who interrupt the learning of others or disrespect their teachers.But I would also visit the poor student’s home and discuss the problem with his parents so we could find a solution.五、其他精選結尾段

第1篇

很多人都希望能在事業上有所成就，但不是所有人都能取得勝利。成功需要頑強的意志，鍥而不舍的努力，勤奮學習的精神。

Don't be afraid of life.Believe that life is worth living, and your belief will help create the fact.第2篇

失敗是生活中的常事。人們對失敗的態度各不相同。就我而言，我認為失敗… As for me, I don't think failure is a bad thing.Failure can never discourage me but only enrich my experience and steel my will.With this positive attitude in mind, I will try hard in anything I'm determined to accomplish and attain success in the end.第3篇

Make Our Cities Green（廣州亞運與環保）

Making our cities greener requires nationwide efforts.People in every field should not only know about the importance of keeping the quality of urban environment, but also take common action to plant more trees and flowers so as to improve our living conditions.

第五篇：2014高考英語模擬讀寫任務（寫寫幫推薦）

真 題 體 驗

(1)(2012·廣東卷)閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。

My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school.She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence on her life.In the letter she wrote, “You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math.Before you came to teach us, I had been terribly poor at math, and had never thought that I would be interested in it.To my surprise, you magically showed me the beauty of math.I guess that was the turning point of my attitude towards it.Gradually my interest in it began to grow.Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California.You played an important part.Thank you!”

What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher!My husband has received many letters from students over the years.This one was special, for it arrived at this time in his life when he is in very poor health.[寫作內容]

1.以約30個詞概括上文的主要內容。

2.以約120個詞就老師影響學生的話題談談你的想法,內容包括:(1)上文使你想起哪位對你幫助最大的老師;(2)舉例說明該老師對你學習或成長的影響;(3)你怎樣看待老師對學生的影響。[寫作要求]

1.作文中可以使用親身經歷或虛構的故事,也可以參照閱讀材料的內容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2.作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱。[評分標準] 概括準確,語言規范,內容合適,語篇連貫。【參考范文】

A thank-you letter from an old student of the writer’s husband meant a lot to the retired old man.From the letter, the writer learnt how great influence a teacher might have over his students.The encouragement from a teacher is really of great significance to his/her student, especially when the student has trouble with study.Timely encouragement can raise his confidence and inspire his motivation to work hard.When I was in middle school, I had some difficulty in learning English.I couldn’t remember the new words, so I always did poorly in the English exams.For some time I even decided to give up learning English.However, everything changed when I met Mrs Jones, my new English teacher.She encouraged me to try some different methods to remember English words, and when I made a little progress, she always praised me, so I worked harder than ever.Gradually I became interested in remembering new words and began to catch up with the other students in my class.At the end of term I got the highest mark in English.Now I owe my progress in English to Mrs Jones whose encouragement has made me achieve what I have now.Here I want to send my sincere thanks from heart to her.(2)(2011·廣東卷)閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。

When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy.He thought he would be able to go home every weekend.When he was told that he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term.He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave.He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy.He tried as much as he could to fit in but he could not because his mind was at home.He started feeling homesick(想家)and wanted to go home as soon as possible.He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food.He could not concentrate in the classroom.All he could think of was being at home with his family.He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents.He was angry and felt lonely.He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.[寫作內容]

1.以約30個詞概括上文的主要內容。

2.以約120個詞講述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的經歷,內容包括:(1)時間、地點和起因;(2)想家給學習和生活帶來的影響;(3)你(或你的朋友)是如何應對的。[寫作要求]

1.作文中可以使用親身經歷或虛構的故事,也可以參照閱讀材料的內容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2.作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱。[評分標準] 概括準確,語言規范,內容合適,語篇連貫。【參考范文】

After being left in a boarding school, Sam felt so homesick that he was unable to concentrate on his study, which made him lonely and angry with his parents.The story reminds me of the last Mid-autumn Festival I spent alone at school.I was busy preparing for an important exam then, so I chose to study at school that day.I didn’t feel lonely at the beginning.Only after all my classmates had gone home did I begin to feel homesick.The feeling stopped me concentrating on my studies.I wish I had chosen to go home and spend the festival with my parents.What I could do at that time was to make a call to my parents, expressing my loneliness.They comforted me and promised to see me the next day.As far as I am concerned, children are like kites in the sky.No matter where they are, there is always a piece of invisible string which links them to their homes.專題六 讀寫任務 如何寫概括

1.記敘文的概括

(2)即時練習

(A)With his instructor’s help and his hard work, Scoresby, a stupid military man, did better than others in the history examination and even won the first prize in the mathematics examination!(B)The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from an old man while fishing, through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.2.說明文的概括

(2)即時練習

(A)Koalas in wildlife parks can’t fall asleep because tourists keep disturbing them.Therefore, the government is thinking to make the tourists’ behavior illegal to protect the animals.(B)The Chinese historic towns’ names record the history and culture of ancient China.However, some have been changed just because they imply “doom”.Some researchers think it is ridiculous because it would destroy their rich historical and cultural connotations.3.議論文的概括

(2)即時練習

(A)Generally, diligence contributes to success while laziness results in failure.But working continuously is wrong and so diligence with right laziness gives rise to a wholesome life.(B)The passage tells us that stress is not an obstacle but a power of success in your life.What’s more, it is good for us to stay young.According to the study, we know that stress is necessary in our life, which can motivate us to go ahead.如何寫段落主題句

2.即時練習

(A)Beavers are very diligent dam-builders who can build extremely good dams.However, they sometimes don’t know where to build the dams or which dams should be fixed only because they have no consciousness to make a plan.The beavers’ story illustrates the importance of planning.Without a plan the best intentions and efforts will not produce results.We shouldn’t work blindly but have a clear idea of our purpose, the actions needed to achieve it, and how these should be ordered.As a junior student, I achieved considerable success in learning English through the combination of hard work and planning.I prepared good materials with the help of my teacher, made plans for my daily study and self-monitored the whole process of my learning.I made rapid progress and became very confident.I think I couldn’t have done it without a good plan.Diligence is a key to success, but in my opinion, good plan is also essential.Through planning, we can develop clear goals, find more efficient and effective methods and thus have more opportunities to reach our goals than through hard-working alone.(B)

Enjoy Being Alone The author prefers to spend his or her spare time with friends because he or she thinks friends can offer excitement and fresh ideas to a situation and they can comfort him or her if something bad happens.Personally, I prefer to spend most of my time alone.Friends are important in our growth, but we should not forget the shortcomings of spending too much time with friends.First, peer pressure may direct us into some wrong doings.In order to please their so-called “friends”, teenagers may let their friends talk them into doing bad things.Moreover, even real friends may have different preferences.For example, I like classical music, but most of my friends love the noisy rock and roll.If we insist on spending our time together, both my friends and I would become unhappy.For this reason, I often feel like staying alone, especially when I want to do some reading.To sum up, it’s good to have real friends, but we also have something that is for us to do alone.