第一篇:如何寫好國外essay?海外essay怎么寫?
怎樣才能寫好國外本科申請essay?留學生本科申請essay
應該怎樣寫呢?
關于申請材料,我們習慣將它分為硬件和軟件。換另外一個角度,也可以分為可塑造和不可塑造。不可塑造的是指申請者自身的高中學校背景(包括高中各科成績)和標準化考試成績(Standardized Test)。可塑造的則是指申請者的推薦人,推薦信內容,主essay,簡歷和所申請學校的命題小essay。大多數學校對于標準化考試成績有比較彈性的要求,有些學校,這里不但包括大U,也包括傳說中審核標準苛刻的LAC,對SAT成績的影響和要求采取模糊態度。更值得一提的是,由于SAT考試服務在中國沒有設置相應的考點,有個別學校免去了對中國學生SAT成績的要求,而且是只賦予給中國學生的特權。相較于研究生,博士的申請,高中學校的背景對于本科申請結果的影響微乎其微,絕大多數本科申請者都有合格的高中成績作為硬件條件。這就越發顯得可塑造的申請材料的重要性。試想,同等硬件條件下的兩個申請者,PK的只有那些可塑造的軟件材料。開放式的絕對自由化的主essay,由于單個申請人的個性不同,在評估過程中很難縱向評比,一較高下。于是,每個大學獨立的supplement中命題的小essay就好比我們熟知的作文考試。它提供給申請者一個展示的平臺,然而這個平臺存在相對的自由和約束。自由的是你可以根據自己的經歷任意選擇素材表現自己。約束的是這種選擇不是天馬行空,而是基于同樣的topic。
從上面的分析可以看出,其實不難看出,這個命題essay很可能就是國外大學錄取委員會審核申請材料時花費時間最多,精力最多,重視最多的部分,也很可能就是影響申請結果的依據。用“很可能”來限制我的這個判斷是因為畢竟影響申請結果的因素有很多,不能僅憑借這樣的分析做絕對的判斷。需要提醒申請人的是,雖然我們按照某種標準把申請材料做了分類,但是申請材料是一個整體,應該在著重小essay的同時給予其他部分以同等的重視。尤其是standardized test,花整塊的時間準備然后考到合適申請的成績永遠也不是浪費時間。考試,是申請邁出的第一步也是最容易的一步。
什么才是成功的本科申請essay
明確了命題小essay的重要性,接著就要花心思研究成功的essay具備什么優點。
Essay的中文意思是短文,散文。英語意思是an analytic or interpretive literary composition or a tentative attempt。由此可見,其實這個essay就相當于廣大高中在讀申請者最熟悉的,也是在學校常常會寫的作文。把大學規定的topic做一個簡單的歸納,會發現除了少數幾個學校的essay話題稍顯另類之外,其他大部分的學校一般都會提出或涉及如下幾類essay要求:
1.回憶類:描述你的成長經歷,包括學習,生活,個人興趣愛好等
2.自省類:談談對你影響深刻的人物或者事件
3.啟發類:說說選校原因
4.憧憬類:勾勒作為學校一份子的貢獻或者假想畢業之后希望實現的目標
本科申請的命題小essay大體上就是圍繞這四個類別,所謂萬變不離其宗,恁它花樣翻新五花八門,也都可以無一例外的替換成上面四個類別進行歸類。不難看出,這幾類topic都不算是刁難申請者。如果高中生朋友寫起來存在困難,也是因為由于年紀較輕,尚未對上述問題進行過細致的思考。我們說好的文學作品來源于生活然而高于生活,我建議高中生朋友不妨借申請的“東風”,對自己最近幾年學生生涯和將來的發展方向做一個小小的回顧和展望。提前準備的高中生朋友不妨拿出自己的周記,日記翻翻看看,尋找素材。
那么到底什么才是成功的本科essay呢?市面上有很多留學專家提供的范例和方法,更有的通過一些渠道搜集了英語母語國家的學生申請時寫的成功essay提供給大家仿效。對比之下不難發現,由于接受教育和成長環境,文化背景各方面的不同,導致國外學生的essay相比較中國學生的思路稍顯另類。在這里,強烈不建議中國學生效仿國外學生的essay style,不要刻意迎合所謂admission officers和所申請學校的喜好。一篇好的essay,是真情實感的流露,是經過思考,經過自省,經過推敲的產物。在大學錄取要求的網頁上,我們不斷看到 ”interesting”, “make your response attractive”, “something about your own which might be ignored by other people” 的字樣,申請委員會面對浩如煙海的申請材料,也希望能看到極具個性的,與眾不同的文書。道理很簡單,就像我們高中參加的無數次的語文作文考試,命題“使我受到教育的一件事”,全班恨不得都寫成“揀夾子、推車子、抱孩子、讓座子、送瞎子”的“五子登科”作文。其實,你選擇的素材和內容不見得需要多么轟轟烈烈,多么刻骨銘心,于小處見感悟,用一滴水去折射太陽的光彩,讓文章在情理之中卻又在意料之外,
第二篇:國外大學申請essay
Kitty 1
Kitty
Miss An
English I
June 30, 2014
College Application Essay
My interest in chemistry dates back to my years in junior high school, where I started to study the courses of chemistry and physics.That’s when I realized the magic of chemistry.Then, I was fascinated in it.When I was a senior and facing to make a choice of science or liberal arts, I chose to study science just because I love chemistry very much.And go without saying that my grades on science were great.When I applied to enter a university, my specialties I chose are all about chemical category.I also want a further education, so now I as an applicator to apply your university, The University of Akron, and want to major in polymer materials and obtain a master's degree.I am a quiet girl from my early age.So when my mom wants me to do whatever she wants, I will do it.The much my mother talks to me are to read many books and to study hard.Then, they became my habits, reading books and studying hard.Later when I was sixteen, I found some about chemistry from some books and journals except my chemical textbook.That got me excited and I learned a lot.I think my mom does the right things and I am very grateful to her.Without the mind she gave me, I would not have the opportunity to come into contact with chemistry a lot.And from then on, I know the heart of chemistry.When I began my campus life, I had the opportunity to join my tutor’s lab because of my great grades.Four other students like me also joined the lab and we were made up a team.Then, I became the team leader.At the laboratory, there were also many elder dharma brothers and sisters who gave me much help at the part of making an experiment later.Then, I also had the opportunity to take part in a competition named National Innovative Experiment Project.By all of the crew’s efforts, my team achieved good results.Later, I started to do experiment and study on my own.Then I found that doing
Kitty 2
experiment is not just doing an experiment, and you should also use your mind all the time asking why it was being this or that.Though it seems much hard for young people to think for ever, I enjoy it until today.And so lucky were I that I achieved something.I published 3 research papers and one of the papers was published on a journal which has high impact factor.I also had an invention patent, which is a new kind of biodegradable plastics and was used in marketing because of its low costs.That also was what made me feel satisfied a long time.Your university, University of Akron, is very famous for its chemical engineering.In your university, in the first place, I think I can learn a lot from a senior tutor and some good partners.Secondly, I know I will get the opportunity to talk with some accomplished scholar.That’s what I want day and night.What’s more, I can have the best experimental environment to continue my subject in my campus.Moreover, your university located in America where I think is glamorous.Those are the main points why I choose your university.At the end, I want to state something again.It is that, I love studying chemistry for its own sake and would like to continue my studies on the level demanded by the Master program.
第三篇:ESSAY 要點
這一點你必須相信――教授們希望從你的申請文書中找到一個真實而生動的人。所以,如果你想寫出一篇真正出色的自薦信,你必須放松,再放松,然后表達一個真實的自己。
但是怎樣表達一個真實的自己呢?真正做到這一點要比你想象的要簡單。通過一系列的調查和采訪,我們發現商學院的教授最希望在申請文章中看到下列幾點:
· 要點明確
· 良好的寫作和交流能力
· 人物的真實性
· 個性化的處理
· 注重細節的描寫
· 與眾不同的特點
· 誠實
· 講述一個故事
要點明確
不論你回答的具體是哪個問題,總有一些基本的處理方法適用于你的寫作。錄取委員會不會特意去尋找這些內容點,但是出色的申請材料中,要點必須一目了然。為了確保你達到了這項基本要求,你可以在遞交整套材料前依照下列標準作一番核對:
1.你是否明確回答了所有問題?
2.你是否清晰表達了你的主旨?
3.你的寫作是否自然、和諧,并且沒有語法或拼寫錯誤?
當你完成針對一所學校的整套申請文書的寫作時,你應該回頭把這些文章作為一個整體再讀一遍,確保你在寫作中已經做到:
1.明確表達了你的動機;
2.完全針對對方學校;
3.描寫了自己不同于他人的至少兩三種品質和特點;
4.提出至少一項有力論據說服錄取委員會接受你。
良好的寫作和交流能力
申請文書的另一項作用是展示你出色的語言能力和寫作技巧。
誠然,你并不需要通過申請文書來證明你成為作家或學者的潛力;你需要證明的只是你具有足夠的潛能成為一名未來的企業管理者。清晰而有技巧的闡明一個觀點的能力對成功的管理者來說是必不可少的,而出色的寫作正顯示了出色的溝通能力。
當然,出色的寫作能力并不是全部。一篇漂亮的文章不能保證你被錄取,但是一篇糟糕的文章一定不能使你被錄取。
人物的真實性
錄取委員會希望從申請文書中看到的不僅僅是特殊的背景、人格特點或技能,他們要看到一個完整的人。商學院的錄取官有一個近乎固執的信念,堅持認為他們能夠穿過數字和文字了解背后的那個人。“我們希望找到一些數字無法說明的東西,比如一些無形的品質。我們希望通過申請文章看到這些東西。所以在申請信中你應該盡可能的告訴我們你是誰。這樣能使我們的工作流程更加人性化,我們也會對我們的錄取決定更安心一點。”
了解這一點,你就不會感到奇怪為什么大多數錄取官和商學院的學生關于申請文書寫作最常提出的建議就是“如實表達你自己。”盡管這個意思常以不同的方式表達,諸如誠實、真誠、與眾不同、個性化,等等,其主要含義是一致的。很多申請商學院的學生努力使自己看上去像某一種人,譬如領導者,成熟的人,或者“有商業頭腦的”,以至于他們忘記了如實表達自己。不幸的是,這只是又一個認識誤區。
個性化的處理
讓錄取委員會將你作為一個獨立個體對待的唯一辦法是做到個性化。一篇個性化的自薦信最能向錄取委員會呈現一個真實的你。當你在寫作中融合許多個性化因素的時候,你的文章會自動變得更加有趣、更加感人,并能在錄取委員會一周內閱讀的上百封自薦信中脫穎而出。
你應當在寫作中盡可能的做到個性化。隨大流的文章不僅枯燥無味,而且根本無法說明關于申請人個人的任何有意義的東西。個性化寫作究竟表示什么?它意味著你在寫作中丟掉一切常規的東西,只寫對你真正有意義的內容,比如一個關于你的故事或一件軼事,運用你的想象力和豐富的細節描寫賦予它生命力。當然你在寫作中必須誠實。
一篇個性化的文章會使讀者在讀過之后有一種想認識作者的愿望。你可以在寫作中運用輕松的筆調,使用大量的細節,讓讀者感覺仿佛是一個朋友在向他敘
述一件難忘的事。成功的做到個性化是需要技巧的,如果你的文章達到了這個標準,它無疑將是一篇令人難忘的精彩之作。
注重細節的描寫
使用足夠的細節描寫能使你的文章頓時顯得更加有趣和個性化。一篇沒有細節描寫的自薦信就像一只沒有加料的匹薩餅――它也許能喂飽你,但是你想吃嗎?
細節為你的文章添加了顏色和調料,并賦予它生命。細節的使用表現了特殊性。詳細的描述為你聲稱自己擁有的種種品質和優點提供了可以觸摸到的事實依據,從而增強了它們的可信度,并使讀者更容易記住。如果這件事涉及具體的過程和數字,你應當把它們記錄下來。
你在文章中表明的每一點都需要詳實的事例來支撐。正是這些事例和細節的描寫使你的文章顯得與眾不同。如果你能用具體的數字和描述來支撐文章中提到的種種成就,那就更好了。因為僅僅聲稱自己取得了某項成績而沒有具體的事例來證明,這種聲稱就會顯的像夸夸其談而缺乏說服力。
與眾不同的特點
做到與眾不同比你想象的要容易一些,畢竟你本身就是一個獨特的個體。而體現你的與眾不同則要困難一些,但這是使你的自薦信從眾多文章中脫穎而出的一個要訣。為此你可能要做一點小小的冒險,但這絕對是值得的。
商科學生不應該害怕做一點小小的冒險來顯得與眾不同。這種冒險也許意味著使用一些幽默,或者引起一些小小的爭議。太多學生由于害怕出錯而刪除了能夠真實描述他們自己的內容,結果遞交了一篇自以?quot;安全“,事實上卻單調乏味的文章。
如果你的背景與常人不同,不要削弱對它的描寫。從以往的經驗來看,與眾不同的經歷和背景使申請人具有明顯的優勢。如,下面這位申請人就充分利用了他的獨特背景,在自薦信的開頭這樣寫道:”Because I am one of the world's few Catholic, Egyptian Mississippians who went to an Ivy League School, the particular set of influences affecting my development has been distinctive.“但需要注意的是,不要過分依賴你的特殊背景;你仍然需要把這項背景與你的獨特品質,你為什么選擇對方學校,以及你能為商學院帶來什么聯系起來。同樣,僅僅一項特殊的背景并不能保證你被錄取
誠 實
不論你采用哪一種寫作技巧,誠實都是高于一切的原則。不要為了達到某種效果而作過度的夸張。你的文章體現出來的誠實,坦率和真誠是錄取過程中最看重的品質之一。永遠不要低估目標讀者的判斷能力。一位教授說:”在看了15年的申請文章后,你會有這種特殊的能力,能夠一眼看穿文章寫的究竟是不是真事。“
另一方面,誠實并不表示承認自己所有的缺點和過錯。當然也有人在自薦信里寫過自己的缺點,但這往往是運用欲揚先抑手法的情況下提到的。如果你在寫作中曾以某種方式提到過自己的缺點,一定要記得在寄出文章之前請別人先讀一讀你的稿子,以確定你所提到的缺點沒有損壞你的形象。
講述一個故事
在自薦信中講述一個故事無疑能大大增加文章的趣味性和吸引力。最有效的處理方法是在文章的開頭先講述一個故事,隨后再切入到旁白的角色來解釋這件事并說明你從中學到了什么。這個方法之所以奏效是因為這樣你就會以最有趣的情節開頭。很多申請人喜歡先寫一段介紹性的文字,再引出要講的故事。千萬不要這樣做,因為這樣寫將使效果大打折扣。一位教授說: ”申請人應記住永遠不要以大而空的話題開頭,去談什么人類的本性和宇宙的原理。你只需講一個簡單的故事,讓讀者自己去想這故事表達了一些什么……往往如果第一段沒有吸引我的注意力,我就開始跳讀剩下的部分?
在遞交你的申請材料之前,你應該確保你的文章讀起來流暢。不要讓讀者去猜測你究竟想表達什么。你的文章應當富于動感,各部分緊密相連,共同說明一個主旨。你可以使用一種隨意的、對話式的語言來展現一個真實而放松的形象。講述一個故事通常有三種方法。第一種是把整篇文章寫成一個故事;第二種是以一個故事開頭引出你的主題;第三種是在通篇文章中運用一種非正式的、對話式的、甚至帶點幽默的語調進行寫作。某些教授不太欣賞寫故事的手法,但另一些卻非常喜歡收到這樣的申請信。因此,慎重起見,除非你對自己的寫作能力很有信心,不然輕易還是不要使用這一手法。即使你的寫作能力很出色,你也要在遞交之前盡可能多的從他人那里得到反饋和建議。寫一個有趣的故事是不夠的,你仍然需要在其中明確表達你的學習動機,你的能力,以及個性的成熟。常用的一種方法是以一個故事作為文章的開頭,在隨后的段落中進入旁白的角色,詳細的解釋這個事件,揭示自己從中學到了什么。相形之下,這是個較為妥當的處理方法,因此也被很多申請者采用。
第四篇:essay pattern(讀后感格式)
Sample Essay Outline Topic: the environment
Introduction Thesis Overpopulation has resulted in great damage to the environment, as there is an excess amount of pollution, increased need for living space , and a great demand for natural resources._______________________________________________________________________________ Argument 1 Topic sentence1: A large number of people produce a great amount of pollution.Example/detail/explanation 1: more people produce more waste and garbage.Example/detail/explanation 2: more technology and industrial pollution;urbanization Example/detail/explanation 3: Greater need for transportation, such as cars and buses ______________________________________________________________________________ Argument 2 Topic sentence 2: An excess number of people have resulted in a need for more living space.Example/detail/explanation 1: Clearing land to make room Example/detail/explanation 2: Taking away homes of animals etc.forcing them into cities.Example/detail/explanation 3: Growing urbanization and sprawl _______________________________________________________________________________ Argument 3 Topic sentence 3 Natural resources are being exhausted due to the great demand from the world’s population.Example/detail/explanation 1: Natural resources cannot replenish themselves Example/detail/explanation 2: More resources are being used than necessary Example/detail/explanation 3: Alternative sources of energy are not being widely used _______________________________________________________________________________ Conclusion
黑色字體為框架;藍色字體為例子;這個ESSAY框架到大學都可以用的,希望大家好好運用!
Scully
第五篇:Essay專用連接詞
Essay專用連接詞大全+英文作文連接詞大全 論文
1)先后次序關系:at this time;first;second;at last;next;previously;simultaneously同時地;eventually;last but not least;to begin with;to start with;to end with;finally;seeing...由于,因為;since then;first of all;afterwards后來;following this;preceding先前的;originally最初的ultimate最終的,極限的,根本的
2)因果關系:because;because of this;being that(口語)既然,因為;another important factor/reason of...; since; as; for; in that...; owing to由于,通常負面; due to由于; for the reason that...; in view of鑒于,考慮到 result from歸因于the reason seems to be obvious;there are about...;for this reason;as a result of this; therefore;...and so...; consequently所以,因此;as a result; thus這樣,如此,因而; hence因此; so;so that...; in consequence結果,結果; as a consequence; accordingly因此,于是,相應地;inevitably不可避免地;under these conditions thereupon因此于是upon迫近
3)轉折關系:but;even so;however;though;even though;independent of;reckless of不顧 ;despite that; in spite of that; regardless of不顧;yet...;and yet; but unless.Nonetheless盡管如此
4)并列關系: and;also;too;as well as;either...,or...;both...and...5)(補充)遞進關系: furthermore此外,而且;moreover而且,此外;further進一步地,此外;In this way ;still; not only...but also...; not...but...; in addition(to);additionally, much more interesting, more specifically更具體地說, next, besides; as far as...is concerned至于;moreover此外;in other words; along this line of consideration;on(the)one hand...在一方面,on the other hand...; even; as a saying goes...;in order to do it...;meanwhile同時; at the same time; accordingly因此; In the first place...,in the second place...;equally important;of even greater appeal.6)比較關系: similarly;in like manner, in comparison with;when compared with;compared with;when in fact...;like...; likewise同樣地,也; similarly important; apart from(doing)...;...rather than...,by doing so ;both…and...;in the same way;not only...but(also).7)對照(不同點):yet;still;for all of that;notwithstanding雖然,盡管;rather當然,的確,寧愿,相當;neither...nor;although;though;but;however;something is just the other way around;yet;conversely相反的; unlike; opposed to;as opposed to this與不同 ; in contrast(to); by way of;on the contrary;different from this; nevertheless然而,不過,雖然如此;contrary to; whereas但是,鑒于; while;but on the other hand 8)舉例關系:for example; for instance例如; in this case既然假若這樣;namely也就是 instance例子實例 換句話說; as you know; you may as/say; as he explains; like; such as; a case in point is一個恰當的例子是...;consider...; in particular尤其特別;including...;for one thing...首先,for another...;put it simply;stated roughly粗糙地,概略地;
as an illustration,I will say...; a good example(of...)would be...;to detail this,I would like to...; It is interesting to note that...;in this situation;as proof;take the case of;take as example(something); as for;as regards; as to; according to;on this occasion.9)強調關系:in fact;especially;particularly特別,尤其;moreover(此外);naturally;whatis more important;in reality事實上;
certainly;of course;indeed;in particular;not to mention...;believe it or not;undeniably(無可置疑);other thing being equal;it is certain/sure that...;to be strict;to be true;by definition;definitely明確地,肯定地;undoubtedly;without a doubt;in truth, in any event(不論怎樣);without reservation(毫無保留地);obviously, not only..but(also...), both...and...10)條件關系: if;unless;lest;provided that;if it is the case;in this sense;once...;if possible;if necessary;if so;if not all;if anything.11)歸納總結類: in a word / in sum / in short in brief / in conclusion / in summary therefore因此,所以 / hence因此,今后
to sum up / to conclude the conclusion can be drawn that for this reason / on the whole 12)地點關系:beyond;opposite to;adjacent鄰近to;at the same place;there;over;in the middle;around;in front of;in the distance;farther;here and there;above;below;at the right;between;on this side.13)目的關系:with this object無證;for this purpose;in order that;in this way, since;so that;on that account由于。。緣故;in case萬一;with a view to考慮到;for the same reason.14)重申關系:in other words;that is to say;as I have said;again;once again.15)結果關系:accordingly;thus;consequently(因此);hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;under these conditions;as a result;as a consequence;because;because of;so that;not only...but(also...);so...as to.16)順序關系:first;second;thirdly;next;then;at the outset(在開始時),following this;at this time;now;at this point;after;afterward后來;after this;subsequently后來;lastly最終;finally;consequently所以,因此;before this;previously;preceding this;simultaneously同時地;concurrently(同時發生的)17)時間關系:at once;immediately;at length終于,最后;in the mean time同時;meanwhile;at the same time;in the end;then;soon;not long after;later;at once;at last;finally;some time ago;at present;all of a sudden突然;from this time on;from time to time;since then;when;whenever;next point;a few minutes later;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally偶然地;in a moment;shortly立刻;whereupon于是,因此;previously Henceforth今后 介詞 prep.All of十足 1.在...以前
Only two days remained before the examination.考前只剩下兩天了。2.(指順序、重要性等)在...之前,先于 Your name comes before mine.你的名字在我之前。Pride comes before a fall.驕必敗。3.由...考慮中
We will put the matter before the committee.我將把此事提交委員會考慮。4.在...前面;在...面前
She said she had never spoken before an audience.她說她從未在大庭廣眾講演過。狀語從句引導詞 時間狀語從句
when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引導詞:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when倒裝 地點狀語從句
常用引導詞:where 特殊引導詞:Wherever, anywhere, everywhere 原因狀語從句
常用引導詞:because, since, as, for 特殊引導詞:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.目的狀語從句
常用引導詞:so that, in order that 特殊引導詞:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that 結果狀語從句
常用引導詞:so … that, such … that, 特殊引導詞:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, 程度 條件狀語從句
常用引導詞:if, unless, 特殊引導詞:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that 讓步狀語從句
常用引導詞:though, although, even if, even though 特殊引導詞: as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while(一般用在句首),no matter …,in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever 8. 比較狀語從句
常用引導詞:as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導詞:the more … the more … just as …,so…;A is to B what /as X is to Y;no … more than;not A so much as B 方式狀語從句
常用引導詞:as, as if, how 特殊引導詞:the way From the invaders arrived, breathed our air, ate and drank, they were doomed.They were undone,destroyed,after all of man’s weapons and devices had failed,by the tiniest creatures that God in his wisdom put upon this earth.By the toll of a billion deaths, man had earned his immunity, his right to survive among this planet’s infinite無限的 organisms有機體.And that right is ours against all challenges.For neither do men live nor die in vain.IN VAIN徒勞,白白