第一篇：英文國際會議講稿

PPT(1)大家上午好！今天我匯報的主題是：基于改進型LBP算法的運動目標檢測系統。運動目標檢測技術能降低視頻監控的人力成本，提高監控效率，同時也是運動目標提取、跟蹤及識別算法的基礎。圖像信號具有數據量大，實時性要求高等特征。隨著算法的復雜度和圖像清晰度的提高，需要的處理速度也越來越高。幸運的是，圖像處理的固有特性是并行的，尤其是低層和中間層算法。這一特性使這些算法，比較容易在FPGA等并行運算器件上實現，今天匯報的主題就是關于改進型LBP算法在硬件上的實現。

good morning everyone.My report is about a Motion Detection System Based on Improved LBP Operator.Automatic motion detection can reduce the human cost of video surveillance and improve efficiency [?'f??(?)ns?]，it is also the fundament of object extraction, tracking and recognition [rek?g'n??(?)n].In this work, efforts ['ef?ts] were made to establish the background model which is resistance to the variation of illumination.And our video surveillance system was realized on a FPGA based platform.PPT(2)

目前，常用的運動目標檢測算法有背景差分法、幀間差分法等。幀間差分法的基本原理是將相鄰兩幀圖像的對應像素點的灰度值進行減法運算，若得到的差值的絕對值大于閾值，則將該點判定為運動點。但是幀間差分檢測的結果往往是運動物體的輪廓，無法獲得目標的完整形態。

Currently, Optic Flow, Background Subtraction and Inter-frame difference are regard as the three mainstream algorithms to detect moving object.Inter-frame difference based method need not model ['m?dl] the background.It detects moving objects based on the frame difference between two continuous frames.The method is easy to be implemented and can realize real-time detection, but it cannot extract the full shape of the moving objects [6].PPT(3)

在攝像頭固定的情況下，背景差分法較為簡單，且易于實現。若背景已知，并能提供完整的特征數據，該方法能較準確地檢測出運動目標。但在實際的應用中，準確的背景模型很難建立。如果背景模型如果沒有很好地適應場景的變化，將大大影響目標檢測結果的準確性。像這副圖中，背景模型沒有及時更新，導致了檢測的錯誤。

The basic principle of background removal method is building a background model and providing a classification of the pixels into either foreground or background [3-5].In a complex and dynamic environment, it is difficult to build a robust [r?(?)'b?st] background model.PPT(4)

上述的幀間差分法和背景差分法都是基于灰度的。基于灰度的算法在光照條件改變的情況下，性能會大大地降低，甚至失去作用。

The algorithms we have discussed above are all based on grayscale.In practical applications especially outdoor environment, the grayscales of each pixel are unpredictably shifty because of the variations in the intensity and angle of illumination.PPT(5)為了解決光照改變帶來的基于灰度的算法失效的問題，我們考慮用紋理特征來檢測運動目標。而LBP算法是目前最常用的表征紋理特征的算法之一。首先在圖像中提取相鄰9個像素點的灰度值。然后對9個像素中除中心像素以外的其他8個像素做二值化處理。大于等于中心點像素的，標記為1，小于的則標記為0。最后將中心像素點周圍的標記值按統一的順序排列，得到LBP值，圖中計算出的LBP值為10001111。當某區域內所有像素的灰度都同時增大或減小一定的數值時，該區域內的LBP值是不會改變的，這就是LBP對灰度的平移不變特性。它能夠很好地解決灰度受光照影響的問題。

In order to solve the above problems, we proposed an improved LBP algorithm which is resistance to the variations of illumination.Local binary pattern(LBP)is widely used in machine vision applications such as face detection, face recognition and moving object detection [9-11].LBP represents a relatively simple yet powerful texture descriptor which can describe the relationship of a pixel with its immediate neighborhood.The fundamental of LBP operator is showed in Fig 1.The basic version of LBP produces 256 texture patterns based on a 9 pixels neighborhood.The neighboring pixel is set to 1 or 0 according to the grayscale value of the pixel is larger than the value of centric pixel or not.For example, in Fig1 7 is larger than 6, so the pixel in first row first column is set to 1.Arranging the 8 binary numbers in certain order, we get an 8 bits binary number, which is the LBP pattern we need.For example in Fig.1, the LBP is 10001111.LBP is tolerant ['t?l(?)r(?)nt] against illumination changing.When the grayscales of pixels in a 9 pixels window are shifted due to illumination changing, the LBP value will keep unchanged.PPT(6)

圖中的一些常見的紋理，都能用一些簡單的LBP向量表示，對于每個像素快，只需要用一個8比特的LBP值來表示。

There are some textures , and they can be represent by some simple 8bit LBP patterns.PPT(7)

從這幅圖也可以看出，雖然灰度發生了很大的變化，但是紋理特征并沒有改變，LBP值也沒有變化。

You can see, in these picture , although the grayscale change alot, but the LBP patterns keep it value.PPT(8)上述的算法是LBP算法的基本形式，但是這種基本算法不適合直接應用在視頻監控系統中。主要有兩個原因：第一，在常用的視頻監控系統中，特別是在高清視頻監控系統中，9個像素點覆蓋的區域很小，在如此小的區域內，各個像素點的灰度值十分接近，甚至是相同的，紋理特征不明顯，無法在LBP值上體現。第二，由于以像素為單位計算LBP值，像素噪聲會造成LBP值的噪聲。這兩個原因導致計算出的LBP值存在較大的隨機性，甚至在靜止的圖像中，相鄰兩幀對應位置的LBP值也可能存在差異，從而引起的誤檢測。

為了得到更好的檢測性能，我們采用基于塊均值的LBP算法。這種方法的基本原理是先計算出3×3個像素組成的的像素塊的灰度均值，以灰度均值作為該像素塊的灰度值。然后以3×3個像素塊（即9×9個像素）為單位，計算LBP值。

The typical LBP cannot meet the need of practical application of video surveillance for two reasons: Firstly, a “window” which only contains 9 pixels is a small area in which the grayscales of pixels are similar or same to each other, and the texture feature in such a small area is too weak to be reflected by a LBP.Secondly, pixel noise will immediately cause the noise of LBP, which may lead to a large number of wrong detection.In order to obtain a better performance, we proposed an improved LBP based on the mean value of “block”.In our algorithm, one block contains 9 pixels.Compared with original LBP pattern calculated in a local 9 neighborhood between pixels, the improved LBP operator is defined by comparing the mean grayscale value of central block with those of its neighborhood blocks(see Fig.2).By replacing the grayscales of pixels with the mean value of blocks, the effect of the pixel noise is reduced.The texture feature in such a bigger area is more significant to be described by LBP pattern.PPT(9)

運用LBP描述背景，其本質上也是背景差分法的一種。背景差分法應用在復雜的視頻監控場景中時，要解決建立健壯的背景模型的問題。駛入并停泊在監控畫面中的汽車，被搬移出監控畫面的箱子等，都會造成背景的改變。而正確的背景模型是正確檢測出運動目標并提取完整目標輪廓的基礎。如果系統能定時更新背景模型，將已經移動出監控畫面的物體“剔除”出背景模型，將進入監控畫面并且穩定停留在畫面中的物體“添加”入背景模型，會減少很多由于背景改變而造成的誤檢測。

根據前一節的介紹，幀間差分法雖然無法提取完整的運動目標，但是它是一種不依賴背景模型就能進行運動目標檢測的算法。因此，可以利用幀間差分法作為當前監控畫面中是否有運動目標的依據。如果畫面中沒有運動目標，就定期對背景模型進行更新。如果畫面中有運動目標，就推遲更新背景模型。這樣就能避免把運動目標錯誤地“添加”到背景模型中。

In practical application, the background is changing randomly.For traditional background subtraction algorithm the incapability of updating background timely will cause wrong detection.In order to solve this problem, we propose an algorithm with dynamic self updating background model.As we know, Inter-frame difference method can detect moving object without a background model, but this method cannot extract the full shape.Background subtraction method can extract the full shape but needs a background model.The basic principle of our algorithm is running a frame difference moving object detection process concurrently [k?n'k?r?ntli] with the background subtraction process.What’s time to update the background is according to the result of frame difference detection.PPT(10)

運動目標檢測系統特別是嵌入式運動目標檢測系統在實際應用中要解決實時性的問題。比如每秒60幀的1024×768的圖像，對每個像素都運用求均值，求LBP等算法，那么它的運算量是十分巨大的，為此我們考慮在FPGA上用硬件的方式實現。

If LBP algorithm is implemented in a software way, it will be very slow.FPGA have features of concurrent computation, reconfiguration and large data throughput.It is suitable to be built an embedded surveillance system.The algorithm introduced above is implemented on a FPGA board.PPT(11)

這就是我們硬件實現的系統結構圖。首先輸入系統的RGB像素信號的濾波、灰度計算及LBP計算，得到各個像素塊的LBP值。然后背景更新控制模塊利用幀差模塊的檢測結果控制背景緩存的更新。區域判定模塊根據背景差模塊的輸出結果，結合像素塊的坐標信息，對前景像素塊進行區域判定。

The structure of the system is showed in this figure.In this system, a VGA signal is input to the development board.and the LBP pattern is calculated , Frame difference module also compares the current frame and the previous frame to determine whether there is a moving object in the surveillance vision.If the surveillance vision is static for a certain amount of frame, the background model will be updated.PPT(12)圖中是LBP計算模塊。圖中所示的窗口提取結構可以實現3×3像素塊窗口的提取。像素信號按順序輸入該結構，窗口中的數據就會按順序出現在Pixel1-Pixel9這9個寄存器中，從而在最短的延時內提取出相鄰9個像素點的灰度值。行緩存的大小等于每一行圖像包含的像素個數減1。將9個像素點的灰度值通過求均值模塊，可以求出一個像素塊的像素均值。

將像素塊均值作為輸入再次通過類似的結構，可以提取出3×3個相鄰像素塊的灰度值。這時行緩存的大小為每一行包含的像素塊的個數減1。再用9個窗口的灰度值作為輸入，用比較器陣列計算出最終的LBP值。

To achieve real time computation of the LBP, a circuit structure is put forward as showed in Fig.5.Two line buffers and nine resisters are connected in the way showed in the figure.Nine neighbor pixels are extracted with minimum ['m?n?m?m] delay, and the mean value of this block is calculated by the mean value calculate module which contains some adders and shifters.The mean values of the blocks are inputted to a similar structure and extracted in a similar way, and the LBP is calculated by the consequence LBP calculate module.PPT(13)求均值模塊采用如圖3-12所示的四級流水方式實現。在算法的設計過程中，需要求出的是3×3像素塊中9個像素的均值。但是在硬件實現時，為了更合理地利用硬件資源，只計算剔除中心像素后的8個像素的均值。這樣做可以在不對計算結果造成太大影響的情況下減少加法器的使用。而且在求均值的最后一級流水，除8運算比除9運算更容易實現。因為8是2的整數冪，除8運算只需要將各個像素的和右移3位。而除9運算在FPGA中需要專用的DSP模塊來完成。PPT(14)如圖所示，塊均值計算模塊計算出的8個塊均值被圖3-11中的窗口提取模塊提取出來，并作為比較器陣列的輸入，比較器的輸出結果用0和1表示。最終的比較結果按一定的順序排列，重新拼接成一個8位的二進制數，即LBP值。LBP計算電路沒有采用流水結構，在一個時鐘周期內就能得到計算結果。

PPT(15)

這個是在系統測試中，實現對多個目標的檢測。

In this system test ,we achieve a multi-object detection.PPT(16)

這個圖是對動態背景更新的測試，在監控區域中劃定一個目標區域，把一個靜止的物體放置到目標區域中。在前3分鐘內，系統會將其當做前景目標，矩形窗口會以閃爍的形式發出報警信號。3分鐘過后，由于物體一直處于靜止狀態，系統檢測到了10800個靜止幀，于是更新背景模型。靜止的物體被當做背景的一部分，此后窗口不再閃爍。經驗證，該系統能夠正確實現背景模型更新算法。

This is the test for the auto background update.We put a statics object in the surveillance area，at the beginning this is trusted as a moving object.after 3 minutes , the system receive ten thousand static frames ,and then update the background model.Then this object is regard as a part of the background.PPT(17)

此外為了驗證系統對室外光照變化抑制能力，我們選取了大量有光照變化，并且有運動目標的視頻對系統進行了測試。

In order to verify the resistance to the varation of illumination , a certification experiment is designed, and the ROC curves of the two algorithms based on LBP and grayscale are plotted and compared.A number of short video clips with shifty and fixed illumination, including positive samples with moving objects and negative samples without moving objects.PPT(18)

測試平臺如圖所示。用一臺PC機作為測試信號的輸出源，然后在PC機中播放視頻，并將視頻VGA信號發送給運動目標檢測系統，模擬真實的監控環境。FPGA將輸入信號和區域邊框圖形相疊加后在LCD上顯示。

The picture of the certification experiment is showed in this picture.A PC acts as the source of the test signal which is input to the FPGA in the form of VGA.Passing through the FPGA board, video signal is displayed on a LCD screen.PPT(19)

并最終描繪了系統的ROC特性曲線。在沒有光照強度變化的情況下，采用基于灰度的運動目標檢測算法的性能略優于基于LBP值的運動目標檢測算法，兩種算法都能取得較好的檢測效果。但是在圖5-15中（測試集2），也就是在光照強度變化的情況下，畫面整體灰度發生較大的改變，基于灰度的檢測算法的性能大幅度下降，接近于失效。而采用LBP值的檢測算法卻能維持較好的性能。可見基于LBP的檢測算法對抑制光照強度變化造成的誤檢測有較好的效果。

This two figure are the ROC curves of the experiments using our

algorithm and traditional grayscale-based algorithm.We can see in the Fig.1 which corresponds to the condition with fixed illumination, the performance of the grayscale-based algorithm is slightly better than these of LBP-based algorithm, they can both detect moving object effectively.But in Fig.2 which corresponds to the condition with shifty illumination, grayscale based algorithm deteriorates drastically and nearly lose efficacy ?k?s?].But the improved LBP algorithm still keeps a good performance.PPT(20)

謝謝大家！

Thanks for your attention

第二篇：國際會議--英文

表示歡迎：Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen, I’m privileged to welcome you all to “The current status and future development of cotton machinery” conference.自我介紹：Let me introduce myself I am Dr Lifrom Beijing, China, and I am going to be the chair for this morning’s session.介紹議題：

This conference will focus on the discussion of the various aspects of cotton machinery.It includes the application of cotton machinery and the current status.And we will also discuss the prospect of cotton machinery.介紹報告人：

Now it gives me great pleasure to introduce today’sparticipants.They are :Han Dan, The director general of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization(聯合國工業發展組織總干事)

Zhang Hui, president of China Power investment group company.Shang Fengjiao, professor of Physics ,head of American Nuclear Energy

Association.Now, we welcome the opening of Han Dan do for us（現在，我們歡迎AA為我們做致開幕詞）

AA上臺

Today our first speaker isBB Hui.Let’s welcome

BB上臺

Thanks professor BB very much for her splendid report.After pro BB’s speech , do you have any questions, hands up please!

提問者提問

Any additional questions ?

Thank you once again for your excellent explanation

Now, let’s welcome the speech by Professor CC

CC上臺

Thank Professor CC for his excellent remarks CC.After pre CC’s report is there any specific question you would like to address to professor CC?

提問者提問

Any additional questions ?

Well, I am sure we could discuss longer, but unfortunately time is up.Thank you

very much, Dr CC

Thanks for the excellent report of the two experts.Finally Let’s welcome to Professor AA, give us a summary of conference.AA上臺（報告總結，宣布閉幕）

I’d like to thank all the representatives for their excellent remarks.Also I should thank all the organizing committee for their arrangement and organization.Meanwhile, I hope you’ll enjoy your stay in Harbin.

第三篇：英語模擬國際會議講稿

英語模擬國際會議

主持人：王×會議出席人：朱××會議中提問者兩人：董×、趙××休會中途與嘉賓交談兩人：張×、唐×× 會議結束提問者：余×、龔× 主持人王×：Ladies and Gentleman: May I have your attention please? Our conference will begin in a few minutes.All the presenters are requested to be seated.Let me introduce myself,i am wang yuan from SCNU,it’s a privilege for me to chair this session.Once the ceremony has started,you are refrained from taking pictures, using flashbulbs or leaving your seats.3Q.Distinguished guests, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, and all the friends:At this special time of wonderful June, in this grand hall of the beautiful city, our respectable guests are here getting together.Academic Seminars of CAS are organized by the Bureau of Personnel and Education of CAS, and held by the CAS research institutes.Now, first of all, please allow me to give our hearty welcome to all of you present, and thank you, for your friendly coming.We feel so proud, and appreciated as well to be the host of the event.For this conference, we are following the agenda here.The meeting is supposed to last for five days，it is the first congress which covers the true sense of psychological education、moral education,basic education and higher education, application education fields.And it to be separated into two parts, to begin with, we’ll invite some representatives from our guests to give lectures about their latest researches and reports on the issue, and then we will have some symposiums.And finally I wish you an unforgettable and prefect experience here.Firstl,i’d like to introduce our first presenter,Professor Jan.She is the author of “cooperation and competition”.for the past six years,JAN has been honored many awards--a Pulitzer Prize winner, a national Medal of the economy and a National book award and so on.Now, please join me in welcoming our guest speaker today---JAN.,whose topic is “cooperation can improve our competitive”.發言人朱××：

Good morning!Mr.Chairman, your excellencies , fellow colleagues ,Ladies and Gentlemen!Firstly, i would like to thank zhuxiaoli for her gracious introduction.I am very glad to have this opportunity of sharing with you our view on cooperation.My topic of today is“ cooperation can improve our competitive ”.As we all know, competition is a common phenomenon in our society.It occurs in almost every field of our life, such as playing games, doing our study, hunting for jobs.As I stand in here with other Participants ,it’s also a fierce competition.Working hard at something and competing against others can inspire us to push ourselves further than we otherwise might.In other words, competition is required to prompt us to excel and to help us reach our fullest potential.Last of all, competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social backgrounds.We can say, in this sense, competition stimulates people's interest in work and helps society to go forword.However, as the wave of globalization has come and the development of society, we face more competitions from the outside world.Are we going to face the challenge all by ourselves alone? The answer is clear,Human beings are social beings and no one can exist alone in the society.If you want to play the game well, you have to play with others.You cannot play single-handed and win.You’ll always have to cooperate with your partners, who may make the social ladder for you to climb to the top.From cooperation, you build up trust and understanding, which does good to your future.And also it’s said that we get together to do something larger than one single person, that is to say ,cooperation can turn a small business into a big and strong one.You see,after the cooperation with IBM.Lenovo could challenge the Dell computer company as the world NO.2 PC maker, BenQ and SIMENS mobile, Sony and Ericssons, the two groups of companies are collaborating together to win more market.Everyday, there are over 10 thousand companies annexed because of the crucial competition,but there are collaborating together in order to acquire more competitive ability.From a whole nation’s aspect, all the nations should take the national interest as a common goal.Take China and India for example.India, along with Japan, is a main rival of China in Asia.For the history’s sake, India and China have already competed with each other for a long period of time.With the globalization’s steps getting faster, both China and India realize the importance of cooperation.Now they have already started collaborating in the field of IT and mineral exploitation, and the two countries have benefited a lot.As American previous president Bill Clinton ever said:“There are no forever friends nor rivals, but interest.”So, if situation changes, competition also could turn into cooperation.To sum up, competition and cooperation prevail throughout the world.We should, however, take advantage of the competition as a chance to promote the cooperation and finally be the winner in the competition.we should seek cooperation boardly to improve our competitive.That’s of my speech..Thank you very much, ladies and gentlemen.主持人王×：3Q, Dr.Jan.I think all the participants present here this morning will agree with me that your presentation is very informative and enlightening.Now, do anybody have some questions？

提問1號趙××：（麻煩想個問題，關于競爭與合作的）提問2號：董×：（麻煩想個問題，關于競爭與合作的）主持人王×：上半段時間到了，請大家休息10分鐘，10分鐘后會議繼續。

課間：提問三號張×和唐×一起去喝水，在打水的地方碰到發言者朱×，然后開始對話。。

張×： 唐×： 朱×： 主持人王×：時間到了，大家安靜就座。現在有請朱××給大家做一個總結。朱××：總結幾句就可以 主持人：還有什么問題嗎？ 提問者3號龔×：（想個問題）提問者4號余×：

（想個問題）

第四篇：計算機國際會議英文開幕詞

An opening speech

Ladies and gentlemen, It is a great pleasure and honor for me to declare the opening of the International Conference on Computer.First of all, on behalf of the university, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all of you.I do hope you will enjoy your stay here.Secondly, the opening of the International Conference on Computer contributes to the development of computer science in our university as well as the communication and cooperation among all the scholars in this field.Last but not least, I would like to express my sincere good wishes for a successful conference.Thank you very much.

第五篇：英文國際會議主持人稿（寫寫幫推薦）

Opening remarks: Distinguished Delegates and Guests,Ladies and Gentlemen,it’s a great privilege for me to start the conference.Let me introduce myself first.I am Du Ruimin from Harbin Engineering University.And I am very honored to be the chair person for this morning’s session.It is a great pleasure for me to share the chairmanship with Professor Lee Guobin who is Harvard University.On behalf of the organizing committee of TCASSP , I would like to announce the session open.What we are going to do this morning is to review the different aspects of signal processing and their current research challenges.We have some of the world’s foremost professors and researchers, people at the forefront of this field.Let me introduce our first speaker Professor Lee Guobin, who is the Director of Information and Communication Engineering apartment of Harvard University.Professor Lee has published extensively in SCI and books on the subject of Image, Video, and Multidimenional Signal Processing.His presentation is entitled “No-reference perceptual quality assessment of JPEG compressed images”.Let’s welcome professor Lee~ Thank you, Prof.Lee.Your presentation is very convincing.From your presentation, we know that(---)Your speech is indeed very useful, interesting and challengeable.Thank you.Q&A--------------------OK, let me introduce the next speaker Prof.Dai Jia.Professor Dai jia comes from Columbia University who is famous for his study on Signal Processing Theory and Methods,and also make its application have a Practical significance.Our speaker is also co-author of five books and over 40 published articles.As a communications expert, he has been quoted in the Seattle Times, the Chicago Tibune and the Atlanta Journal Constitution.Now a lot of first-class books on this subject are wrote by Professor Dai,and today we are very honored to have Prof.Dai give us a speech entitled “Fractional Fourier Transform and Its Applications”.Let’s welcome Prof.Dai.Q&A--------------------Thank you, Prof.Dai.Your speech is the absolutely inspiring.We are delighted to be able to share your new specific strategies and techniques.(----)will be greatly cherished by the people present here.Now, let’s welcome our next speaker, Dr.Cao Qingming.Dr.Cao Qingming is a professor and the chairperson of the Electrical Engineering Department at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio.Our speaker got his ph.D.in EE at the University of California, Berkeley, followed by a series of teaching and research positions at Harvard, Cambridge University, and Princeton.For the past 6 years,he published more than10 papers on journal.Please join me in welcoming our guest speaker today—Dr.Cao Qingming, whose topic is entitled Signal Processing for Communications and Networking.Q&A--------------------

（Thank you very much for your worthwhile/ enlightening/informative presentation.Let’s welcome the next speaker Prof.Guo Xiangchen with warm applause.）Prof.Guo Xiangchen is from Chongqing Jiaotong University,who is co-author of five books and over 40 published articles.As a communications expert, he has been quoted in the Seattle Times, the Chicago Tibune and the Atlanta Journal Constitution.Our speaker has been honored many awards--2013 Marconi Prize Paper Award and a national Book Award.Today, Guo Xiangchen will address you on Multicast Scheduling and Resource Allocation Algorithms for OFDMA-Based Systems: A Survey.Let’s welcome Prof.Guo Xiangchen.Q&A--------------------

Prof.Guo Xiangchen’s speech is highly useful, interesting and informative.We have learnt a lot from him.Thank you again, Prof.Guo Xiangchen.Q&A Ladies and Gentlemen, our distinguished guest speakers have finished their presentations.We now enter into discussion and share with each other our different ideas.I hope that all here present will feel free to express your ideas and exchange various opinions, so as to make this discussion a real success.Yes, the young man in the second row, please.Closing speech:

I’d like to pay my tribute to the speakers for their excellent presentations and the audience for their attention this morning.I declare the plenary session adjourned until 12 a.m.