第一篇:我有一個(gè)夢想馬丁·路德·金文本資料方位津民權(quán)吶喊的最強(qiáng)
我有一個(gè)夢想
馬丁·路德·金
(一)方位津:民權(quán)吶喊的最強(qiáng)音 ——
為近百年世界最具有說服力的演說家之一。《我有一個(gè)夢》的演說發(fā)表于1963年的示威集會,是美國當(dāng)代歷史上不可或缺的一頁,是黑人民權(quán)運(yùn)動史上光輝的篇章。全文感情激昂,文字優(yōu)美,極富感召力。“我今天懷有一個(gè)夢”,“讓自由之聲響徹山崗”,這些佳句成為激勵(lì)黑人
《我有一個(gè)夢》是一篇尖銳犀利的討伐檄文,是向充斥美國全社會的種族歧視和膚色偏見的公開宣戰(zhàn)。整整40年前,美國早已宣布自己是世界上最強(qiáng)盛的國家,但在國內(nèi)竟還殘留著對黑人民眾諸多方面的不公平不公正甚至是迫害的制度。記得后來當(dāng)選的美國總統(tǒng)約翰遜·肯尼迪在參加競選時(shí)曾有過這樣的提醒:“今天在美國出生的黑人嬰兒,不管他出生在國內(nèi)哪一個(gè)地區(qū),和同一天在同一地方出生的嬰兒相比,讀完中學(xué)的機(jī)會只有一半,讀完大學(xué)或?qū)W到專業(yè)知識的機(jī)會只有三分之一,而他們失業(yè)的機(jī)會卻比白人多一倍;他們每年掙得一萬元的機(jī)會只有白人的七分之一,壽命要比白人短七年,而可望掙到的錢卻只有白人的一半。”還記得肯尼迪說完這段話后以總統(tǒng)的身份保證親自支持一切旨在糾正這種不公正現(xiàn)象的計(jì)劃。然而,隨后美國黑人的景況到底如何呢?馬丁·路德·金告訴我們:“黑人依然是不堪形容的警察暴行恐怖的犧牲品;”黑人“在旅途勞頓之后,卻被公路旁汽車游客旅社和城市旅館拒之門外”,“黑人的基本活動范圍只限于從狹小的黑人居住區(qū)住到較大的黑人居住區(qū)”,他們完全沒有選擇居住地的自由:黑人的“孩子被‘僅供白人’的牌子剝奪個(gè)性,損毀尊嚴(yán)”,完全不能享受與白人孩子一樣的受教育權(quán)利;在美國的許多州區(qū),黑人不能參加選舉,所有的國家選舉活動都與他們無關(guān)……這種種現(xiàn)狀與美國政府宣稱的“世界上民主歷史最久的國家”相匹配嗎?這種愚昧?xí)r代落后意識的保留依然彌漫在現(xiàn)代化時(shí)代的美國社會,顯得多么荒誕可笑!這種極其不尊重人權(quán)的行為竟然被美國某些人堅(jiān)持信奉,在標(biāo)榜自己是最尊重人權(quán)的美國出現(xiàn),豈不是與美國政府宣言所追求的精神大相徑庭,又大出洋相?“所以,我們今天來到這里,要把這駭人聽聞的情況公諸于眾”。《我有一個(gè)夢》毫不留情地戳破了事實(shí)的真相,并嚴(yán)正警告美國政府:“現(xiàn)在已是萬分緊急的時(shí)刻,現(xiàn)在不是從容不迫悠然行事或服用漸進(jìn)主義鎮(zhèn)靜劑的時(shí)候”,“忽視這一時(shí)刻的緊迫性,對于國家將會是致命的”,“在黑人得到公民權(quán)之前,美國既不會安寧,也不會平靜。反抗的旋風(fēng)將繼續(xù)震撼我們國家的基石直至輝煌燦爛的正義之日來臨。”后來的事實(shí)證明,這絕不是危言聳聽的恐嚇或杞人憂天的無病呻吟,美國黑人民權(quán)運(yùn)動的高漲及斗爭的長期性殘酷性,特別是5年后馬
《我有一個(gè)夢》是一篇擲地有聲的戰(zhàn)斗宣言,它向所有黑人吹響了投入戰(zhàn)斗的號角。“我們來到國家的首都是為了兌現(xiàn)一張支票。我們共和國的締造者在擬寫憲法和獨(dú)立宣言的輝煌篇章時(shí),就簽定了一張每一個(gè)美國人都能繼承的期票。這張期票向所有人承諾一不論黑人還是白人—都享有不可讓渡的生存權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福權(quán)。”既然美國憲法和獨(dú)立宣言早已賦予了黑人這份權(quán)利,現(xiàn)在就要把一直沒能享有的權(quán)利討回來!“1963年不是結(jié)束,而是一個(gè)開端”。馬丁·路德·金代表所有受歧視受壓迫的黑人表達(dá)了準(zhǔn)備經(jīng)受長期艱苦戰(zhàn)斗的考
《我有一個(gè)夢》是一篇感人至深的號召書。馬丁·路德·金的演講中,說話的對象徑渭分明。當(dāng)他義正辭嚴(yán)地講明局勢后,口氣一轉(zhuǎn),面對25萬義憤填膺、同仇敵愾的黑人同胞和他們的白人朋友們,又以良師益友的身份語重心長、平等親切地做了最冷靜客觀的勸告和提醒:“在我們爭取合法地位的過程中,切不要錯(cuò)誤行事導(dǎo)致犯罪……我們應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)得體地、紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明地進(jìn)行斗爭。我們不能容許我們富有創(chuàng)造性的抗議淪為暴力行動。”作為職業(yè)律師,馬丁·路德·金有著清醒的法律意識和機(jī)智的思維判斷,他告誡同胞們,要保持理智,要約束自己的行為;還要團(tuán)結(jié)一切可以團(tuán)結(jié)的力量,不要“導(dǎo)致我們對所有白人的不信任”,因?yàn)椤八麄兊淖杂赏覀兊淖杂尚萜菹嚓P(guān),他們今天來到這里參加集會就是明證”。他認(rèn)為只有建立最廣泛的民權(quán)運(yùn)動的統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線,目標(biāo)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。應(yīng)該說,馬丁·路德·金的講話,結(jié)
《我有一個(gè)夢》是一幅美好憧憬的圖畫。滿懷激情的馬丁·路德·金,帶著對未來民主平等生活的期盼,描繪了他心中的夢:“我夢想有一天,這個(gè)國家將會奮起,實(shí)現(xiàn)其立國信條的真諦:我們這些真理不言而喻:人人生而平等。”他以激昂的語調(diào)發(fā)出了呼喚:“回到密西西比去吧;回到亞拉巴馬去吧;回到南卡羅來納去吧……”“我夢想有一天,昔日奴隸的兒子能夠同昔日奴隸主的兒子同席而坐,親如手足。”“我夢想有一天,我的四個(gè)小兒女將生活在一個(gè)不以皮膚的顏色,而是以品格的優(yōu)劣作為評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國家里。” “我夢想有一天,……黑人兒童能夠和白人兒童兄弟姐妹般攜手并行。”多么真誠摯樸的心愿,多么坦蕩無私的吐露,在馬丁·路德·金的想像中,這是一幅多么美妙的圖畫,如“上帝的光華再現(xiàn),貫穿全篇的濃烈激情是作者傳遞給我們的第一強(qiáng)音。無論你是哪個(gè)國家哪個(gè)民族哪種膚色的人,無論你對當(dāng)年美國的黑人運(yùn)動了解與否,只要讀到《我有一個(gè)夢》,就會被撲面而來的豪壯氣魄所打動,被充溢其中的強(qiáng)烈義憤所感染,而這種激情與義憤決不是停留在盲目沖動的層面,它蘊(yùn)涵著豐厚的底蘊(yùn)與博大的情懷,展示著博深的見識和仁慈博愛的精神以及
結(jié)構(gòu)上的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)與段落的勻稱也是《我有一個(gè)夢》的精彩之處。全篇完成的是提出問題、分析問題、解決問題的全過程,而我們?yōu)槭裁匆瘯繕?biāo)是什么,應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣做,以及對目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的憧憬是全篇聯(lián)系緊密的貫穿線索。馬丁·路德·金以美國總統(tǒng)林肯簽署的《解放宣言》為理論大旗,開篇就提出了100年前這項(xiàng)重要法令對解放千百萬黑奴的重大意義。在對美國歷史的回顧中引出了具有鮮明針對性的話題—100年后的今天,黑人的真正權(quán)利在這個(gè)國家里依然沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。這一高屋建領(lǐng)的導(dǎo)人,顯示馬丁·路德·金將《解放宣言》視為自己所倡導(dǎo)的黑人民權(quán)運(yùn)動的尚方寶劍,其寓意是不言而喻的。緊接著就是急轉(zhuǎn)直下的黑人現(xiàn)狀的揭露:他們被隔離被歧視,他們貧困潦倒,他們在自己的國土家園中生活卻因?yàn)椴槐徽J(rèn)同而沒有歸屬感……正因如此,我們聚到了一起,來討還本該屬于我們的權(quán)利。當(dāng)揭示真相和明確目標(biāo)后,馬丁用三個(gè)自然段指出了勢態(tài)的嚴(yán)重性和緊迫性;又用三段文字表達(dá)了自己對斗爭策略的意見;最后以對黑人同胞的理解和同情發(fā)出了有力的呼吁,在對美好未來的描述
在修辭方面,大量形象貼切的比喻,使《我有一個(gè)夢》猶如一部鮮活的影視記錄片,具象生動地表達(dá)了美國黑人民權(quán)運(yùn)動的動態(tài)畫面。如將《解放宣言》比喻為“帶來希望之光的碩大燈塔”,“結(jié)束漫漫長夜禁錮的歡暢黎明”;又如將25萬人參加的“向華盛頓進(jìn)軍”的示威游行集會,比喻為“是為了兌現(xiàn)一張支票”,而這是“一張空頭支票”,“一張蓋著資金不足印戳被退回的支票”。更為形象的比喻還有將每一個(gè)美國人都享有的生存權(quán)、自由權(quán)、人生幸福權(quán)比喻為一張“期票”,由這張不能兌現(xiàn)的“期票”,一針見血地指出了美國政府對他的有色公民正拖欠著債務(wù)。這種人們非常習(xí)慣并極易接受的喻體,很自然地導(dǎo)出了“我們決不相信正義的銀行會破產(chǎn)”,“我們決不相信這個(gè)國家巨大的機(jī)會寶庫會資金不足”的更新一
排比句的使用在文章中更是達(dá)到了爐火純青的地步。“100年后,黑人依然沒有獲得自由。100年后,黑人依然悲慘地跳姍于種族隔離和種族歧視的枷鎖之下。100年后,黑人依然生活在物質(zhì)繁榮瀚海的貧困孤島上。100年后,黑人依然在美國社會中向隅而泣……”“現(xiàn)在是實(shí)現(xiàn)民主諾言的時(shí)候。現(xiàn)在是走出幽暗荒涼的種族隔離深谷,踏上種族平等的陽光大道的時(shí)候。現(xiàn)在是使我們國家走出種族不平等的流沙,踏上充滿手足之情的磐石的時(shí)候。現(xiàn)在是使上帝的所有孩子真正享有公正的時(shí)候。”“回到密西西比去吧;回到亞拉巴馬去吧;回到南卡羅來納去吧:回到佐治亞去吧;回到路易斯安那去吧……”“我夢想有一天。……我夢想有一天……我夢想有一天……”馬丁·路德·金用一連串結(jié)構(gòu)成分類似的句子將演講的主旨層層深入,引領(lǐng)聽眾在反復(fù)吟誦中體味內(nèi)涵,感悟作者一顆對黑人民權(quán)運(yùn)動的拳拳之心。
作為一篇精彩的演講詞,《我有一個(gè)夢》幾乎囊括了演講詞撰寫的全部要素。其快捷鮮明的節(jié)奏和朗朗上口如吟唱般的副歌形式將演講變成了歌唱。當(dāng)馬丁·路德·金用內(nèi)在張力的外顯和起承轉(zhuǎn)合的嚴(yán)密將一吐為快的滿腔熱血合盤托出時(shí),其強(qiáng)烈的震撼力及感染力也就
馬丁·路德·金離開人世已經(jīng)35年了,這35年間世界格局發(fā)生了重大變化。美國已幾易總統(tǒng),國內(nèi)政策正趨于被更多美國人所接受的開明和民主,眾多黑人活躍在美國多種重要部門,充當(dāng)著重要的社會角色也已成為不爭的事實(shí)。那種靠制度支撐種族歧視的時(shí)代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。今天的美國社會現(xiàn)狀,無疑對馬丁·路德·金的在天之靈是最好的告慰。但,且慢,真正的自由是否已屬于每一個(gè)美國公民?而美國政府強(qiáng)加給其他國家的強(qiáng)權(quán)干涉甚至戰(zhàn)爭又何時(shí)能徹底結(jié)束?相信這依然是馬丁·路德·金所憂慮和痛恨的。只要世界的任何一個(gè)角落還有不公平不公正和不人道,《我有一個(gè)夢》中的“夢”就沒有實(shí)現(xiàn),我們的警惕就
——《中學(xué)語文教學(xué)》2003年第10期
1963年8月28日,馬丁·路德·金組織了美國歷史上影響深遠(yuǎn)的“自由進(jìn)軍”運(yùn)動。他率領(lǐng)一支龐大的游行隊(duì)伍向首都華盛頓進(jìn)軍,為全美國的黑人爭取人權(quán)。他在林肯紀(jì)念堂前向25萬人發(fā)表了著名的演說《我有一個(gè)夢想》,為反對種族歧視、爭取平等發(fā)出呼號。《我有一個(gè)夢想》由三部分內(nèi)容組成,首先回顧并肯定林肯簽署《解放黑奴宣言》的重大意義。其次揭示黑人生活的現(xiàn)狀,抨擊美國社會黑暗的一面,提出自己的正當(dāng)要求,并特別強(qiáng)調(diào)講究反抗種族歧視的斗爭策略。馬丁·路德·金受印度甘地思想的影響,反對使用暴力,要求以“公民不服從”的方式進(jìn)行反抗。“公民不服從”作為西方社會弱勢群體表達(dá)意愿的方式,深深植根于西方的倫理及宗教傳統(tǒng),通過訴諸公眾的良知達(dá)到祛除社會不正義的目標(biāo),體現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)烈的道德意識和遠(yuǎn)大的感召力。最后以描繪多個(gè)“夢想”的方式來展望前途,認(rèn)為前途是光明的,即如古老的黑人圣歌歌詞:“終于自由了!終于自由了!感謝萬能的上帝,我們終于自由了!
《我有一個(gè)夢想》具有現(xiàn)實(shí)針對性,邏輯清晰,有極強(qiáng)的感染力。這不僅與思想內(nèi)容有關(guān),也與馬丁·路德·金高超的演講語言藝術(shù)有關(guān)。他擅長用整句構(gòu)成排比,用短句增強(qiáng)力度,用《圣經(jīng)》的修辭方式把思想表達(dá)得形象生動。如文中多處的比喻出自《圣經(jīng)》典故:祈使句的使用具有先知傳道的口吻;對夢想的描繪,受到《圣經(jīng)》對神跡描述的啟示。最后以圣歌結(jié)尾,增加了演說內(nèi)容的形象性和感染力。概言之,這篇演講詞,言辭雄辯,氣勢磅礴,充滿著時(shí)代精神,給人一種緊迫感和使命感。直至今日,它對美國的民權(quán)立法,對全世界反對種族隔離,種族歧視和黑人爭取民主自由解放的斗爭,都產(chǎn)生著不可估量的深遠(yuǎn)影響。
第二篇:我有一個(gè)夢想 馬丁.路德.金
Lesson 15 I Have A Dream by Martin Luther King
我有一個(gè)夢想 馬丁.路德.金 I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream.It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.I have a dream that one day this nation wil1 rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident;that all men are created equa1.”
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former s1aveowners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood;I have a dream...That one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice;I have a dream...That my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character;I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers;I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, and rough places will be made plane and crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.This is our hope.This is the faith that I go back to the South with.With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.With this faith we will be able to work together to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California!But not only that;let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.From every mountainside, let freedom ring!
root ??? n.根 v.(使)扎根
creed ????? n.信條
self-evident adj.不言而喻的brotherhood ?? n.手足情誼
swelter ??? v.(使)悶熱
injustice ??n.不公平
oasis ?? n.綠洲
vicious ??adj.惡毒的,不道德的racist ?? n.種旅主義者
interposition ? n.插入
nullification ??n.廢棄
exalt???v.晉升
crooked ??adj.彎曲的glory ? n.榮譽(yù)
reveal ? v.揭露
hew ??v.砍
despair ? n.絕望
jangle ??v.刺耳作響 n.吵嚷
discord ?? n.不一致, 不和諧
symphony ?? n.交響樂
curvaceous?? adj.曲線美的slope ?? n.斜坡
molehill ???n.山丘
mountainside ?? n.山岡, 山腰
1963年8月28日 朋友們,今天我要對你們說,盡管今天和明天困難重重,但我依然懷有一個(gè)夢。這個(gè)夢深植于美國夢之中。
我夢想有一天,這個(gè)國家將會奮起,實(shí)現(xiàn)其立國信條的真諦:“我們認(rèn)為這些真理不言而喻:人人生而平等。”
我夢想有一天,在佐治亞州的紅色山岡上,昔日奴隸的兒子能夠同昔日奴隸主的兒子同席而坐,親如手足;
我夢想有一天甚至連密西西比州,一個(gè)非正義和壓迫的熱浪逼人的荒漠之州,也會改造成自由和公正的青青綠洲;
我夢想有一天,我的四個(gè)小兒女將生活在一個(gè)不是以膚色,而是以品格的優(yōu)劣作為評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國家里;我今天懷有一個(gè)夢。
我夢想有一天,亞拉巴馬州會有所改變--盡管那兒種族主義者猖獗,盡管該州州長仍在滔滔不絕地說什么要對聯(lián)邦法令提出異議和拒絕執(zhí)行,但總有一天,那兒的黑人兒童能夠與白人兒童兄弟姐妹般地?cái)y手并行;我今天懷有一個(gè)夢。我夢想有一天,深谷彌合,高山夷平,崎路化坦途,曲徑成通衢,上帝的光華再現(xiàn),普天下生靈共謁。
這就是我們的希望,這就是我將帶回南方去的信念。有了這個(gè)信念,我們就能從絕望之山開采出希望之石。有了這個(gè)信念,我們就能把這個(gè)國家嘈雜刺耳的爭吵聲,變?yōu)槌錆M手足之情的悅耳交響曲。有了這個(gè)信念,我們就能一同工作,一同祈禱,一同斗爭,一同入獄,一同維護(hù)自由。因?yàn)槲覀冎溃覀兘K有一天會獲得自由。讓自由之聲響徹科羅拉多白雪皚皚的洛基山!讓自由之聲響徹加利福尼亞州的婀娜群峰!不,不僅如此;讓自由之聲響徹佐治亞州的石山!讓自由之聲響徹田納西州的瞭望山!
讓自由之聲響徹密西西比州的一座座山峰,一個(gè)個(gè)土丘。讓自由之聲響徹每一個(gè)山岡!
第三篇:《我有一個(gè)夢想》——馬丁.路德.金
Martin Luther King, Jr.: I Have a Dream
Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C.on August 28, 1963.Source: Martin Luther King, Jr: The peaceful Warrior, pocket Books, NY 1968
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation proclamation.This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice.It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity.But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free.One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition.In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check.When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir.This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned.Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked insufficient funds.But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt.We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.So we have come to cash this check--a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now.This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice.Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of Gods children.Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro.This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality.Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning.Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual.There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice.In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds.Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline.we must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence.Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.We cannot walk alone.And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead.We cannot turn back.There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, When will you be satisfied? we can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities.We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one.We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations.Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells.Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality.You have been the veterans of creative suffering.Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.Let us not wallow in the valley of despair.I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream.It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governors lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.This is our hope.This is the faith with which I return to the South.With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning, My country, tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrims pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring.And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of pennsylvania!Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California!But not only that;let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi.From every mountainside, let freedom ring.When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last!free at last!thank God Almighty, we are free at last!
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第四篇:馬丁·路德金演講稿:《我有一個(gè)夢想》
GUIZHOU UNIVERSITY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS
馬丁·路德·金 簡介
馬丁·路德·金(英語:Martin Luther King, Jr.,1929年1月15日-1968年4月4日),著名的美國民權(quán)運(yùn)動領(lǐng)袖。1948年大學(xué)畢業(yè)。1948年到1951年間,在美國東海岸的費(fèi)城繼續(xù)深造。1963年,馬丁·路德·金晉見了肯尼迪總統(tǒng),要求通過新的民權(quán)法,給黑人以平等的權(quán)利。1963年8月28日在林肯紀(jì)念堂前發(fā)表《我有一個(gè)夢想》的演說。1964諾貝爾和平獎獲得者。1968年4月,馬丁·路德·金前往孟菲斯市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工人罷工被人刺殺,年僅39歲。1986年起美國政府將每年1月的第三個(gè)星期一定為馬丁路德金全國紀(jì)念日。
1929年1月15日,小馬丁·路德·金出生在美國亞特蘭大市奧本街501號,一幢維多利亞式的小樓里。他的父親是牧師,母親是教師。他從母親那里學(xué)會了怎樣去愛、同情和理解他人;從父親那里學(xué)到了果敢、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、率直和坦誠。但他在黑人區(qū)生活,也感受到人格的尊嚴(yán)和作為黑人的痛苦。15歲時(shí),聰穎好學(xué)的金以優(yōu)異成績進(jìn)入摩爾豪斯學(xué)院攻讀社會學(xué),后獲得文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位。
盡管美國戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展很快,強(qiáng)大的政治、軍事力量使它登上了“自由世界”盟主的交椅。可國內(nèi)黑人卻在經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治上受到歧視與壓迫。面對丑惡的現(xiàn)實(shí),金立志為爭取社會平等與正義作一名牧師。他先后就讀于克拉澤神學(xué)院和波士頓大學(xué),于1955年獲神學(xué)博士學(xué)位后,到亞拉巴馬州蒙哥馬利市得克斯基督教浸禮會教堂作牧師。1955年12月,蒙哥馬利節(jié)警察當(dāng)局以違反公共汽車座位隔離條令為由,逮捕了黑人婦女羅莎·帕克斯。金遂同幾位黑人積極分子組織起
College Of Tourism Management GUIZHOU UNIVERSITY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS
“蒙哥馬利市政改進(jìn)協(xié)會”,號召全市近5萬名黑人對公共法與公司進(jìn)行長達(dá)1年的抵制,迫使法院判決取消地方運(yùn)輸工具上的座位隔離。這是美國南部黑人第一次以自己的力量取得斗爭勝利,從而揭開了持續(xù)10余年的民權(quán)運(yùn)動的序幕,也使金博士鍛煉成民權(quán)運(yùn)動的領(lǐng)袖。
1968年4月4日,金被種族分子暗殺。
美國政府規(guī)定,從1986年起,每年1月的第3個(gè)星期一為小馬丁·路德·金全國紀(jì)念日。
College Of Tourism Management