第一篇：學術會議英語報告——黃龍陽

學術會議英語 期末論文

學號: 2015000360 姓名：黃龍陽

學院：土木工程與建筑學院

專業：土木工程 班級：

A（6）

2016年5月

地基處理效果檢測方法研究

黃龍陽

摘要：隨著我國各種建設項目的實施，由于各種場地的地質條件特性，往往需要對其進行地基加固處理，而目前的加固處理方法種類繁多，效果差別很大。因此尋找有效的地基處理效果檢測方法就顯得尤為重要。本文就目前工程中應用較多的地基處理檢測技術進行探討和歸納。

關鍵詞：地基處理；效果；檢測方法 前言

隨著我國經濟技術的迅速發展，各種建設項目開始實施，但通常由于場地地質條件的特殊性，需要對建設場地進行地基加固處理。目前在實際工程建設過程中應用的地基處理方法很多，堆載預壓、強夯法、加筋法、換填法、振沖樁、旋噴樁、地基土改良等，但往往由于地基處理方法本身的局限性和施工過程中的人為因素，造成地基處理效果參差不齊。而一個合格的工程場地地基，是建設工程質量安全的重要保障，因此，檢測地基加固處理效果的檢測技術發揮著越來越重要的作用。目前工程中應用于地基處理效果檢測的方法主要有荷載試驗、動力觸探試驗、靜力觸探試驗、十字板剪切試驗、波速試驗、取芯試驗等，但各種試驗方法本身適用條件有限，試驗精度相差很大。本文結合一些工程實例，對這些檢測方法的應用和效果進行探討。地基處理效果檢測試驗研究

目前很多學者對地基加固處理效果檢測做了各種各樣的研究，并對各種方法的優缺點進行了探討，本文以下僅將工程中應用比較多的進行闡述和歸納。2.1 地基靜載荷試驗

基靜載荷試驗是一種精度較高，分析結果與實際吻合度較好的試驗方法，用其進行地基承載力測定和地基沉降計算相對準確，但其成本較高，技術要求嚴格，且試驗周期相對較長，一般大型項目的場地勘察均要求進行此項試驗。2.1.1 靜載荷試驗簡述 靜載荷試驗模擬建筑物地基土的受荷條件，在剛性承壓板上加荷，荷載通過承壓板均勻傳遞給地基，以測定天然埋藏條件下地基土的變形特性，從而評定地基土的承載力，計算地基土的變形模量和估計基礎的沉降量，可以比較直觀的反映地基土的變形特性。地基承載力確定方法是：最后當壓力－沉降曲線上有比例界限時，取該比例界限所對應的荷載值；當極限荷載小于對應比例界限的荷載值的2倍時，取極限荷載值的一半；當不能按上述兩款要求確定時，可取 s/b=0.01所對應的荷載，但其值不應大于最大加載量的一半[1]。2.1.2 靜載荷試驗評價實例總結

王文奎[2]等采用工字鋼和堆料組成壓重平臺反力系統，用壓重平臺反力法對長江沿岸某碼頭后方陸域地基處理工程進行質量檢測。預壓地基荷載板為邊長1m的方形板，由于該工程場地地基處理設計承載力特征值為120kpa，故該次試驗最大加載為設計值的2倍，為240kpa，按24kpa每級分級加載，并在加載過程中進行沉降觀測，地基承載力特征值的確定。該次試驗共計檢測20處，p-s曲線上可以看出，當最大加載至240kpa時，所有測點均未達到極限狀態，最大沉降量為8.400mm，最小沉降量為6.200mm，根據承載力特征值的取值原則，取最大加載量的一半，即240kpa/2=120kpa為該點處理后地基的承載力特征值，所有測點的承載力均滿足設計要求。該工程采用靜載荷試驗對地基處理進行了評價，說明了該場地經過地基處理，達到了該場地設計的地基承載力120kpa。2.2 十字板剪切試驗

十字板剪切試驗由于其自身的適用條件限制，一般在沿海地區的軟土場地應用較為普遍，而在一些碎石土場地則無法用其進行場地地基處理效果的評判。2.2.1 十字板剪切試驗簡述

試驗時，逆時針方向搖動扭力箱裝置小搖手，以每10s轉動1°的速度勻速轉動，當試驗達到峰值或者穩定值后，再測試1min，如試驗數據正常，記錄峰值數據，根據該數值計算原狀土抗剪強度；完成抗剪強度測定后，順扭轉方向連續轉動探桿6圈，按照以上步驟進行操作，測定重塑土的不排水抗剪強度。2.2.2 十字板剪切試驗評價實例總結

王文奎[2]等采用十字板剪切試驗對長江沿岸某碼頭后方陸域地基處理工程進行質量檢測。該次試驗共8孔，每孔18個測點，對各孔的檢測數據進行統計，通過與原地質勘察資料相比較可知，地基土的抗剪強度有了大幅度提高，地基處理達到了預期效果。2.3 輕型觸探試驗

輕型觸探指N10輕型動力觸探儀，其質量較輕，設備簡單，應用廣泛，操作簡便，成本較低，在一些軟土地區應用十分廣泛。2.3.1 輕型觸探試驗簡述

其利用一定的錘擊能量，將帶有探頭的探桿打入土中，按貫入的難易程度來評價土的性質，主要用于素填土及碎石土地層，并可連續貫入，能在其試驗深度范圍內不斷測得土層的力學特性及變化規律[1]。2.3.2 輕型觸探試驗評價實例總結

王文奎[2]等采用輕型動力觸探試驗對長江沿岸某碼頭后方陸域地基處理工程進行質量檢測。現場對56根水泥攪拌樁樁頂下2m范圍內的樁頭進行了檢測，試驗結果表明樁頂下2m范圍內每30cm錘擊數為64-78擊，設計值：N10>35擊/30cm，檢測范圍內樁身水泥土均勻，質量滿足設計要求。2.4 取芯試驗

取芯試驗即鉆取地基處理后的地基土，然后進行室內試驗，用以評價其地基處理后的效果，在一些大型工程中應用也較為普遍。2.4.1 取芯試驗簡述

對采用旋噴樁、振沖樁、攪拌樁進行地基土處理的場地，在對地基樁取芯試驗中，其目的主要是檢測樁身混凝土質量情況，檢查樁身混凝土膠結狀況、有無氣孔、松散或斷樁等；檢查樁底持力層的巖土性狀和厚度是否符合設計或規范要求，并核對施工記錄樁長是否真實[3]。2.4.2 取芯試驗評價實例總結

王文奎等采用取芯試驗對長江沿岸某碼頭后方陸域地基處理工程進行質量檢測，共完成16根水泥攪拌樁的檢測工作，取芯試驗無側限抗壓強度48組，樁身芯樣成型長度平均8.5m，成型段芯樣成短-中柱狀，斷口吻合較好，樁身8.30m以下部分樁芯樣不成型，未形成強度。芯樣強度：共完成強度試驗48組，無側限抗壓強度平均值為3.1mpa。

錢歸[3]對廣明高速公路廣州段軟基處理后的路基進行取芯檢測，其結果巖芯[2]采取率均接近100%，采取率65.4%-74.4%。芯樣連續、完整、膠結好、呈長柱狀，混凝土樁抗壓強度代表值為22.1Mpa，說明該軟土地基進行處理后達到了地基處理設計要求。2.5 波速試驗

波速試驗也是地基處理效果檢測的常用手段之一，其設備簡單，操作簡便，價格相對較低，適用范圍較廣。2.5.1 取芯試驗簡述

在地面上進行豎向激震時，均會在其表面附近層狀連續介質中產生瑞雷波，它的特點是能量大，傳播速度低，頻率低，隨時間衰減慢，易于識別。在層狀介質中，瑞雷波法具有頻散特性，在同一地段求出一系列頻率的瑞雷波速，就可得到一條瑞雷波頻散曲線，不同波長的瑞雷波的傳播特性反映了不同深度巖土介質的運動學特性，由頻散曲線可以反演地下速度界面的分層厚度和速度結構，以確定每層巖土體的速度和深度參數。2.5.2 取芯試驗評價實例總結

史慧杰[4]對青島北海西灣造修船基地填海造陸區地基處理后采用了瑞雷波測試，其測試曲線反映了表層填石密實度不均勻，變化較大，6.2m以下波速逐漸增大，到11.2m波速變化減小，說明了隨著深度增大，填石的密實度也增大，但到11.2m以下，波速突然變小，反映了1.2m進入了混合層；12m-12.9m曲線呈直線狀態，波速不變，反映了12m-12.9m進入了淤泥層；12.9m以下波速急劇增大到452.5m/s，說明12.9m以后進入強風化基巖。鉆探結果和面波試驗結果基本一致。存在的問題

由于場地條件本身是復雜多變的，地基處理過程中由于方法的選擇不同和施工過程的人為因素影響，將造成其結果有很大的差異，因此對地基處理效果進行檢測就尤為重要。但是在實際操作過程中，由于各種方法的局限性和地下情況的復雜性，所以往往需要多中方法綜合使用，達到相互驗證的目的。同時，也要求我們不斷探索，對已有方法進行完善并尋找新的更為有效的技術手段

參考文獻

[1] 湯定一.強夯技術加固機理與質量檢測研究.湖南大學碩士學位論文，2002.[2] 王文奎.軟土地基處理效果檢測技術探討.工程與建設，2014.28（3）:379-382.[3] 錢歸.廣明高速公路廣州段軟基處理方案及檢測分析.華南理工大學碩士學位論文，2012.[4] 史慧杰.強夯施工振動監測與夯后地基處理效果振動測試研究.中國海洋大學碩士學位論文，2005.Study on detection method of ground treatment effect

Huang Longyang Abstract:with the implementation of the various construction projects in China, due to thegeological characteristics of the various venues, often need to to deal with the foundation reinforcement, and the reinforcement treatment methods are different, difference between the effect of greatly.Thus, looking for effective ground treatment testing method is particularly important.In this paper, the current engineering application more foundation processing detection technology are discussed and summarized.Keywords: foundation treatment, effect, detection method Preface

With the rapid development of economy and technology in China, various construction projects started, but usually because of the particularity of geological conditions, the need for the construction site of the foundation reinforcement.The current application in the actual construction process of the foundation treatment method, preloading, dynamic compaction, reinforcement method, the replacement method vibroflotation, pile, jet grouting pile, soil improvement, but often due to human factors foundation treatment method of limitations and in the process of construction, resulting in uneven ground treatment effect.But a qualified engineering foundation, is an important guarantee for building design, construction quality and safety and therefore play an increasingly important role the detection effect of detection of reinforcement foundation.In current engineering application method in foundation detection processing are the main load test, dynamic penetration test, cone penetration test, ten plate shear test, wave velocity Test, core test and so on, but all kinds of test methods are limited in their own conditions, the accuracy of the test is very large.This paper combined with some engineering examples, the application and effect of these testing methods are discussed.2Test research on effect of foundation treatment

At present, many scholars have done a variety of research on the effect of the foundation reinforcement treatment, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, this paper will be used in the following projects to elaborate and sum up.2.1 Static load test of foundation

Based on static load test is a kind of high precision, analysis the result is consistent with the actual well test method, the foundation bearing capacity determination and foundation settlement calculation is relatively accurate, but the cost is high, the strict technical requirements and test cycle is relatively long, generally large project site survey are required to perform the test.2.1.1 Static load test

Static load test simulation of foundation soil for buildings load conditions, loading on rigid bearing plate, uniform load transfer to the ground through the bearing plate, the deformation characteristics of Foundation Soil Determination of natural burial conditions, so as to assess the bearing capacity of foundation soil, settlement calculation of soil deformation modulus and deformation characteristics can be estimated based.The soil foundation reflects the more intuitive.The method for determining the bearing capacity of the foundation is: when the pressure ratio limit final settlement curve, the load ratio limit value corresponding to the load limit;when the load is less than 2 times the value of the corresponding proportion limit, half limit load value;when cannot be determined according to the above two requirements, desirable load s/b=0.01 corresponding, but its value should not exceed the maximum loading amount of half(Qian Gui.2012).2.1.2 Static load test evaluation Wang Wenkui(Wang Wenkui.2014), the I-steel and stacking pressure counter pressure system, with pressure platform force method is used to test the quality of a wharf along the Yangtze River land foundation treatment engineering.Square plate preloading foundation loading plate to the side of 1m, because of the engineering site foundation treatment design bearing capacity characteristic value is 120kPa, so the test of maximum load is 2 times the design value is 240kpa, according to 24kpa each stage of loading, and the settlement observation in the loading process, determine the characteristic value of bearing capacity of foundation.The test were tested in 20, the P-S curve can be seen, when the maximum load to 240kpa, all the measurement points are did not reach the limit state, the maximum settlement is 8.400mm, the minimum settlement is 6.200mm, according to the selection principle of the characteristic value of bearing capacity, half maximum load, which is 240kpa/2=120kpa to the point after the treatment of the foundation bearing force characteristic value, all The bearing capacity of the measuring point is satisfied with the design requirements.The project adopts the static load test to evaluate the foundation treatment, and shows that the ground treatment of the site has reached the foundation bearing capacity of the ground design 120kpa.2.2 vane shear test

Due to its own limitations, the vane shear test is generally used in the coastal areas of soft soil sites, and in some of the gravel soil can not be used to conduct the evaluation of the effect of ground treatment.2.2.1Brief introduction ofvane shear test Test, inverse clockwise rocking torsion box device small cranks, every 10 seconds to rotate one degree at a constant rate of rotation, when the test to peak or stable value, to test for 1min, test data, such as normal and record the peak data.According to the numerical calculation of undisturbed soil shear strength;complete shear strength determination, along the reverse direction continuous rotation of the probe rod coil 6, in accordance with the above steps operation, the determination of remolded soil undrained shear strength.2.2.2 cross plate shear test evaluation examples summary Wang Wenkui(Wang Wenkui.2014)Adopting vane shear test of along the Yangtze River a wharf land foundation treatment engineering quality detection.The experiment a total of eight holes, each hole 18 measuring points, on each hole detection data statistics, through with the original geological survey data are compared, the soil shear strength has been greatly improved, foundation treatment reached expected effect.2.3 light penetration test N10 light dynamic penetrometer for light penetration, their quality is light, simple equipment, widely used, easy operation, low cost and in a wide range of application in soft soil area.2.3.1Thelight penetration test The hammer blow energy, with probe, and the probe rod into the soil, according to the degree of difficulty of the penetration to evaluate soil properties, mainly used for grain filling and gravelly soil layer, and can be used for continuous penetration, in the test depth range continually measured soil mechanical properties and change rules(Qian Gui.2012).2.3.2 light penetration test evaluation summary Wang Wenkui et al.(Shi Huijie.2013)the light dynamic penetration test of along the Yangtze River a wharf land foundation treatment engineering quality detection.Site of 56 cement mixing pile top under the 2m range of pile head were measured.The experimental results show that the pile top under 2m every 30cm hammer hammer number is 64-78 hammer and design values: hammer N10>35 / cm2, uniform cement soil piles detection range, quality meet the design requirements.2.4 core test Core test is drilling and taking the foundation treatment of the foundation soil, and then carry out laboratory tests, in order to evaluate the effect of the foundation treatment, in some large-scale projects are more common.2.4.1 core test The application of jet grouting pile, vibro pile, mixing pile of foundation soil treatment site, on foundation pile core test, its purpose is mainly testing the quality of pile body concrete situation in, check the pile body concrete bonding conditions, stomatal, loose or broken pile;check the pile bearing stratum at the bottom of the geotechnical properties and thickness meets design requirement or standard, and check the construction record of pile length is real.2.4.2 core test case summary Wang Wenkui(Shi Huijie.2013)by taking the core test along the Yangtze River a wharf land foundation treatment engineering quality testing, completed a total of 16 cement mixing pile testing, core test and unconfined compressive strength group, 48, pile core sample molding average length of 8.5m, forming section of the core sample into short columnar fracture are in good agreement, pile body 8.30m post and core sample is not formed, has not formed the strength.Strength of core sample: completed a total of strength test group(n = 48, no side limit compression strength average value for 3.1mpa.Qian Gui(Qian Gui.2012)of Guangming Expressway Guangzhou section of soft foundation treatment of subgrade detecting core to check, the cores taken rate of close to 100%, the take rate 65.4%-74.4%.core sample continuous, complete, well cemented, a long column, concrete pile compressive strength represents value for 22.1Mpa that the soft soil foundation treatment to the foundation treatment design requirements.2.5 wave velocity test Wave velocity test is one of the common methods of foundation treatment, its equipment is simple, operation is simple, the price is relatively low, the scope of application is wider.2.5.1 core test Produced on the ground vertical shock, will in the near the surface of the layered continuous medium in which the Rayleigh wave, which is characterized by high energy and propagation speed is low, the low frequency with time attenuation is slow and easy to identify.In layered medium, Rayleigh wave method with dispersion characteristics in the same area for a series of frequency of the Rayleigh wave velocity can be obtained by a Rayleigh wave dispersion curves, different wavelength of Rayleigh wave propagation characteristics reflect the different depth of rock and soil medium kinematics characteristics, the dispersion curve inversion of underground velocity interface layer thickness and velocity structure, to determine each layer of rock and soil mass velocity and depth parameter.2.5.2 core test case summary Hui Jie Shi(Wang Wenkui.2014)on the West Bay of Qingdao Beihai made ship repairing base of sea reclamation area after foundation treatment by the Rayleigh wave test, the test curve reflects the surface filling stone compactness is not uniform, changes in the larger, 6.2 m below the wave velocity increases gradually, to 11.2 M wave velocity decreases, indicating that the with depth increasing, fill stone density also increases, but to 11.2 m below the velocity suddenly becomes small, reflecting the 1.2m in the mixed layer;12m-12.9m curve linear, constant velocity, reflect the 12m-12.9m into the silt layer;following 12.9 M wave velocity increases rapidly to 452.5m/s, that 12.9 m after entering the weathered bedrock.Drilling results and surface wave test results are basically the same.Existing problems Because the site itself is complex and changeable, foundation treatment process due to the method of selection of the different construction process of human factors influence, will cause the great difference, therefore on the foundation treatment effect detection is particularly important.But in actual operation process, due to the limitations and the subsurface complexity of various methods, so often need to more comprehensive method of use, to achieve the goal of mutual authentication.At the same time, it also requires us to constantly explore, the existing methods are perfect and looking for new and more effective technical means

References

Qian Gui.2012.Guangzhou Guangming expressway soft ground treatment scheme and test analysis.A preliminary study.Shi Huijie.2013.Vibration monitoring of dynamic compaction construction and vibration test of foundation treatment effect after dynamic compaction.Geophys.J.Int,140:568~576.Tang Dingyi.1998.An observational test of the critical earth quake concept.J.Geophys.Res,103:24359~24372.Wang Wenkui.2014.Discussion on detection technology of soft soil foundation treatment effect.J.Construction and engineering.28:379~382.

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會，雙方可以針對報告中的具體問題進行探討

（1）答問的方式與技巧

回答討論環節可以讓報告人通過互動及時地獲得信息反饋并可以把在討論中或得的建設性建議用于下一步的工作，因此對科研工作有很大的促進作用。對于如此重要的環節，報告人在報告之前應進行必要的準備，盡可能地保證這一環節完整、流暢地進行，一般應注意以下幾點。

① 準備工作

學術報告中的提問者往往是相關領域中的專家，對報告的內容非常熟悉，因此所提出的問題可能會有相當的深度、廣度以及不可預見性，有時甚至直接指出研究工作中的不完善之處或漏洞所在。由于時間關系，回答者在現場一般沒有充分的時間進行考慮，這就要求報告人要事先進行充分的準備。在報告前，報告人應將對答環節的準備作為準備工作的一部分，進行深入考慮，全面的預測聽眾可能提出的問題，可以假設一些問題，并準備好最合適的解答。如果會議沒有統一安排每個報告的問答環節，報告者在進行報告時就要預先告知聽眾隨后的Q＆A Session，這樣可以讓聽眾為提問做好準備。

② 過程控制

在時間允許的情況下盡可能讓每個想提問的人都有機會提問，不要讓少數提問者的提問占據整個討論環節，應按照提問者舉手示意的順序來請出提問者。在開始回答問題時，首先與提問者目光接觸，然后轉向其他所有聽眾，這樣可以獲得所有聽眾的注意。在回答完畢之后，可以再次通過目光了解提問者是否對回答表示滿意。報告人應控制整個討論的過程，對于與主題無關的問題可以禮貌地回避。

③ 答問方式

應首先仔細聽清問題，在回答之前應將問題清楚的重復一遍，這可以保證對問題的正確理解，確保每個人都能聽清楚問題，同時給自己一些時間來思考，表述答案前可做片刻停留，這既引起了聽眾的注意，又表明了對答案的謹慎態度，同時也給自己留更多的思考空間。不要對問題進行評價，避免說類似“That was a great question”的話，如果想要對某一問題進行肯定，可以用“Thanks for asking that question”或“I get asked that question by many people.”等中性的表述，還可以讓聽眾感到平等。回答問題時應盡可能簡潔，切題。在回答中應盡可能多地提及報告中的內容，這有利于聽眾對報告內容加深印象，并有利于控制問答環節的主題。

④ 問題的類型

對于尋求具體解釋的一些問題，可以簡單地重復報告的內容來對問題進行說明或證明，或是澄清聽眾的誤解。如果提問者對報告內容提出不同見解，可以通過資料、事實、數據等來證明自己的觀點，但一定注意態度要禮貌謙和。對于過于復雜的深層問題無法進行簡單回答時，可以在簡略回答之后邀約提問者在其他時間進行討論。對于聽眾的評價或是建議應表示感謝，但要控制時間，適時地打斷發言人并轉入下一個問題。對不知道答案的問題應坦率的承認，不要回避或轉換話題，并盡可能提供相關的書籍，資料或是該方面的專家以供參考。

⑤ 時間的把握

為了能夠巧妙地結束回答問題環節，可事先準備一段總結性的陳述用來重申報告主題并結束問答環節。注意在達到規定時間時應立刻結束討論環節，在回答最后一個問題之前們就要禮貌地表示即將超時，并可以讓其他提問者將問題留在會后進行討論。

⑥ 提問者的禮儀

大型會議中回答環節的時間往往比較短暫，提問者應抓住機會參與討論，同時應注意以下方面。

如果為提問者準備了麥克風，則應在拿到麥克風后等待阿加安靜下來在進行提問；大聲地表述，讓提問者和聽眾都能夠聽清楚問題；不必解釋提問的理由以免浪費時間，但如果適宜可以需要地介紹自己（一定要簡要）；對所提的問題應做好準備，以保證問題的有效性（不要提那些答案顯而易見的問題）提問務必簡短；每次盡量只提一個問題，把更多的機會留給其他聽眾。

（2）常用表達

① 提問

I would like to ask/address/raise a question about… I would like to know(whether)… I would be glad to know(whether)… I have a question about…

May I ask(a question about)…? My question is/concerns//is concerned with… What I would like to ask is… What I am asking is …

I wonder if you would like to explain/comment on the point of…

I would be grateful/appreciate/obliged/for(to have)some explanation about…

I wonder if you would be kind enough to explain/comment on/give some example for… I wonder(What I am wondering is)…

I am curious about/interested in/keen on(whether/why/how/what/when)…? Could you please tell me whether/why/how/what/when…? Do you mind showing me whether/why/how/what/when…? I could not understand what you really mean by… Do you have any ideas about…? What do you think of/about…? Could you back…up? Could you give us an example about…? Could you provide any example to prove what you have said about…? Could you give any example that shows…? ② 回答

a.對問題進行確認

Are you asking me the question about…? I am not quite about the question? Do you mean…? I am not quite sure what your question is.Could you address your question more specifically? What do you mean by…? I don’t known whether I have understood your question correctly.Do you mean….? b.肯定會否定的表示 Yes./I do.The answer is(not)correct/true/right… Exactly!Precisely!I think so.I think you’re right.I don’t think so.That is just what I mean.That is not what I mean.I(don’t)believe/consider/suppose/regard the viewpoint is true.Sure./Absolutely./Certainly./Definitely.No,(absolutely/certainly/definitely)not.I’m in complete agreement.I(quite)agree.I couldn’t agree more.c.正面回答

My answer(to the question)is…

To answer this question, I would like to say that… The direct/simple/brief answer to the question is… Let me answer your question by same examples of… I’d like to make a few comments on/explanation about…

I think I can give you a few general comments on/explanation about…

To comment on the question of you, I have made comparison between… and… I’d like to present/offer/give/express/state my opinion on…

In my opinion, the conclusion can be supported by the experimental result that… To answer your question, I’d like to repeat what I said just know.I think this picture will be helpful for your understanding.Here, I’d like to explain it briefly.My idea is on the basis of two points.The first is…, and the second is… I will explain by some examples.d.非正面回答

Now I can only present same estimation about that…

As far as I know, little in-depth research has bean carried out yet.I can only provide/I have only a partial answer to that question.That’s one possible explanation, but not the only one.I’m afraid it’s a bit difficult for me to present some experimental data at the moment to support the theory since my idea is mainly out of theoretical consideration.I’m afraid the question is too complicated to be answered with a few words.I’d like to discuss it with you after the session.I think the answer to the question needs some further study.I’m afraid is not within the field of the presentation.I’m not sure if what you’re saying has any relevance here.I’m not sure if what you’re saying has anything to do with our problem.I’m not sure if what you’re saying really matters in this case.I’m not sure if what you’re saying is relevant to our problem.e.無法回答時的表述

I’m sorry my experience/knowledge about your question is very limited so I think I cannot give a good answer to your question.I’m sorry I really don’t know the answer to the question.Unfortunately I cannot answer the question at the moment.I’m afraid I have no idea how to answer your question(about that).Sorry, I’m afraid I know little about that matter, so I don’t think I can answer your question right now.It’s quite difficult for me to answer that question now.I can’t really recall;I’ll have to get back to you on that.I can’t quite remember;I’ll need to do a little checking and get back to you.I can’t fully remember;I’ll have to check up on it.I can’t recall all the facts;I’ll have to get back to you.f.回答之后的表述

I wonder whether my question is helpful to you.Does that answer your question in a right way? Is my explanation clear enough? Is that what you wanted me to answer? Would anyone like to and anything(to what I’ve said)? Would anyone care to comment? Would anyone like to give their ideas on this? Would anyone care to add their thoughts(to the discussion)?

第三篇：學術會議出國報告

赴新加坡參加亞洲泌尿外科年會小結

一、基本情況

第14屆亞洲泌尿外科年會暨第30屆新加坡泌尿外科年會于2016年7月20-7月24日在新加坡新達城會展中心舉行，本次會議涉及泌尿外科腫瘤、泌尿系統結石、前列腺增生、泌尿專科護理等臨床和基礎研究等各個領域，內容豐富，精彩不斷。

二、主要收獲與體會

本次大會在2106年7月20下午設置了腎癌專場。在腎癌的綜合診治方面，大會熱點如下：

首先是關于小腎癌診治方面的一場辯論賽：來自新加坡總醫院TAN Bien Soo教授的“積極監測或者介入干預治療”PK 來自美國佛羅里達大學的Benjamin CANALES教授的“不要被大小欺騙”。TAN Bien Soo教授認為，對于年長、預期壽命較短的，和/或合并其它高危風險的臨床疾病的患者，應采用主動監測方法。熱消融治療被證明不優于腎臟切除術或腎臟部分切除術。Benjamin CANALES教授則認為小腎癌可能具有更高的惡性度并且有高致死率，無法忽略的轉移潛力。從局部復發率、腫瘤特異性生存率和無轉移生存率三個方面看，腎臟部分切除效果優于冷凍療法和消融術。

來自新加坡國立大學腫瘤研究所的Alvin Wong教授談到轉移性腎癌分子靶向治療的10年回顧和反思。Alvin Wong教授認為：

1、在過去10年中關于進展期的腎癌治療方面，靶向治療的地位無可撼動。

2、近年來相繼報道有療效的免疫檢測點抑制劑，給腎癌患者提供了一個全新的治療方法（靶向免疫治療）。

3、治療毒性、成本和可獲得性方面值得關注。

隨后，本次UAA大會執行主席，來自新加坡伊麗莎白諾維娜醫院Man Kay LI教授分享了關于腎癌靜脈瘤栓手術療效的分析。LI教授認為：

1、外科手術是最好的治療方式，甚至在轉移性病灶出現時也是如此。

2、團隊密切合作、默契配合非常重要。

3、存活率取決于疾病的進展情況。

4、早期的腎癌伴下腔靜脈癌栓具有較好的治療機會。

最后，來自德國海德堡大學SLKKlinikenHeibronn醫院的Jens RASSWEIILER教授匯報了關于腹腔鏡腎臟部分切除術的經驗和技巧——如何最小程度的缺血、最大程度的保留腎單位。談及了5點經驗：

1、腹腔鏡或機器人采用經腹腔途徑；

2、腫瘤靠近集合系統可置入D-J管；

3、腫瘤切除無需燒灼；

4、必要時縫合集合系統；

5、帶刺縫線雙層關閉。

三、下一步工作思路

本次UAA大會內容新穎、討論熱烈，使得每位與會代表對泌尿外科的臨床微創手術治療、分子靶向治療、以及國際爭議熱點論題方面均有了一個全面系統的認識。他山之石，可以攻玉，在接下來的臨床工作中，我也有如下思考：

1、目前在泌尿系腫瘤的綜合診治方面，微創手術還是絕對的主旋律，在**醫院順利引進達芬奇機器人手術系統之后，我們可以進一步發揮團隊在泌尿系腫瘤尤其是腎癌微創手術方面的優勢；

2、轉移性腎癌的靶向治療方面，我們需要進一步優化對患者的隨訪流程，有了自己的一手資料，才能在臨床科研方面取得長足的進步；

3、對于整個泌尿外科團隊而言，亞專科的分化是提高整個團隊水平的重要舉措。建設一個“分工明確，各有所長，團結寫作，配合默契”的團隊是我們下一步的工作方向。

第四篇：學術會議報告總結

中醫思維在重癥醫學中的應用。ICU是重癥醫學科的臨床基地，其對各種原因導致一個或多個器官與系統功能障礙、危機生命或具有潛在高危因素的患者，及時提供系統的、高質量的醫學監護和救治技術，對病情進行連續、動態的觀察，通過有效的干預措施，為重癥患者提供生命支持，改善生存質量。通過對山東省中醫院重癥醫學科孔立主任的授課學習，我了解到中醫思維在重癥醫學中的應用。1注重整體觀念，整體性體現在生理上、病理上、診治上。2 中和思維 “中和”思想的核心是平衡與和諧，太過、不及對人體都是不利的。陰陽學說認為，正常情況下，人體的陰陽相對平衡協調意味著健康，《素問?生氣通天論》中日“陰平陽秘，精神乃治”。針對疾病出現的陰陽平衡失調，治療的原則是“損其有余，補其不足”，“謹察陰陽所在而調之，以平為期”。在某種意義上，耐心也是一種美德。過度的醫療干預反而對患者產生不利影響。3重視胃腸功能：胃氣衰敗為各種危重病的難點．亦提示預后不良。所以中醫十分重視保護胃氣。大腸小腸五臟皆屬于胃，胃虛則俱病，說明胃虛導致疾病的發生。4未病先防，早期發現高危患者是預防和控制重癥的基礎，早期識別是防止病情惡化的重點，呼吸急促是早期最重要的獨立預測指標。從急性腎損傷到急性腎衰竭，從急性肺損傷到急性呼吸窘迫綜合征，都是漸進性的疾病發展，早發現、早診斷、早治療。對ICU患者積極保護其胃腸功能，防治腹內高壓綜合征。治療中應避免醫源性臟器損害如肺損傷、肝損傷、腎損傷等。總之。ICU患者病情危重且復雜，病死率高。現代醫學在生命支持方面具有明顯的優勢，如機械通氣呼吸功能的支持，血液凈化腎功能的替代治療，抗生素針對病原菌的治療。中醫在這些方面雖然沒有明顯的優勢，但針對炎癥損傷、免疫損傷、胃腸功能、凝血功能損傷的修復具有明顯的優勢，進行環節的干預也是研究復雜性疾病的臨床治療療效的有效方法。如何降低ICU患者病死率，提高患者生存質量，減少器官替代，降低治療成本，是中醫藥亟待明確和解決的課題。在診治危重病時要有整體觀念、中和思維、重視胃腸功能、未病先防、早期識別意識，運用傳統中醫理論結合現代循證醫學治療危重病值得進一步研究。

另外，通過對其他專家的授課，我也在重癥感染的抗生素應用原則、重癥病人的鎮靜鎮痛、重癥病人營養新理念、重癥創傷和凝血病、膿毒癥新進展等方面有了更深的認識和提高，這對我在以后處理重癥病人有很大的幫助和啟發。

此次學習我受益匪淺，非常感謝院領導給予這次珍貴的學習機會，我將以我所學更好的應用到臨床實踐中，為醫院/科室的發展做出自己最大的貢獻。

第五篇：大數據學術會議報告

Big and Open Date ：Challenges for Smart City

Victoria Lopez

Victoria Lopez任教于西班牙馬德里Complutense大學，其在計算機軟件,計算機應用技術,計算機網絡,人工智能,管理科學與工程等領域頗有建樹，此次學術會議是她在2014年信息學與計算進展國際會議上的關于大數據的一次學術會議報告，她的演講題目是Challenges for Smart City，以智能城市為研究對象，闡述大數據在智能城市領域內面臨的挑戰，鞭辟入里，發人深省，引人深思。

據她介紹，在1800年，全球僅有2%的人口居住在城市，到了1950年，這個數字迅速攀升到了29%。到2025年，城市人口預計將增加到20億。當前全世界范圍內的城市化進程大大加劇了氣候變化、資源短缺和交通擁堵等問題，為人類城市生活帶來一定的挑戰。但同時智能城市建設面臨諸多挑戰：一是概念不清、外延不明。沒有考慮到物聯網、云計算、三網融合、無線寬帶等新一代信息技術應用，仍然采用以前的技術思路和模式。二是進一步加劇了業務系統的信息孤島局面，條塊分割問題是全球信息化建設的頑疾。三是信息網絡安全問題繼續受到冷落。大量應用到物聯網、云計算等技術，其信息網絡安全問題將會更多。

既是挑戰又是機遇，雖然面臨問題較多，但是在大數據這個領域中，理論性的預見已經在相關行業成功實現，例如車聯網，車聯網促城市交通轉型，隨著車聯網等新興產業的興起，智能交通已為世界各國在高新技術發展中爭奪的一個重要領域。它加快了城市交通向低碳綠色交通的轉型，是智慧城市建設不可或缺的一部分。大數據助力交通智能化，據介紹，在目前的城市交通體系中，公交、地鐵、出租車以及公共自行車為主要出行方式，通過GPS定位、視頻監控以及超聲波傳感等技術，在單一某個領域，智能交通已經進行了初步開發。比如，在某些公交站，乘客已經能提前預知下一趟公交到來的時間，乘客在打車時，通過部分手機軟件已經能夠查詢到周邊的空出租車，這些均基于一定的數據采集和分析。

她的中心思想在于，云計算要建平臺，要有龐大的數據中心做支撐，其上是重要的關鍵業務的運營和服務，而大數據就是構建在云平臺上的一種‘殺手锏’的應用，云計算是一個全新的時代，和PC時代完全不同。如何將我們的文化，我們的技術和業務模式更快的轉移到云計算，構建起生態系統將是最大的挑戰。雖然很高興已經有了一些發展，但是還需要相當長的過程才能實現。

從此次學術會議報告中我學到了如何聽取報告的相關主旨和核心思想，在這次報告中也體會到了西方學者和本國學者思考問題的異同點，當然更需要的是加強英語學習能力和本專業的學習能力。