第一篇：英語報刊閱讀教案

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上饒師院小學教育師范分院

上饒師范學校

英語報刊閱讀課程教案

（2011—— 2012學年第二學期）

適用專業： 英語教育 任課教師： 劉力揚 編寫時間： 2011.9

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教學內容 Lesson 1

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.B

2.B

3.D

4.A VI.1.According to Ms.Wellington, Gen X’ers are attracted to their organizations for utterly traditional reasons: reputation of the organization, opportunities to advance.2.Catalyst and other research organizations caution that this age group has high demands for employers.If their demands are not met, they will leave.And they are highly sensitive to the way in which they are treated.If the Gen X’er believes that his employer is not making a commitment to him, he will leave.3.The survey found that more than 70 percent of them rated companionship, a loving family and enjoying life as extremely important.In contrast, fewer than 20 percent of them said earning a lot of money and becoming an influential leader were extremely important goals.4.According to Robert Morgan, the corporate loyalty is rising in the current economic climate partly because of job insecurities.Besides, there is the war for talent.As labor shortages intensified in recent years, employers have worked hard at retaining good workers.IV．Outline I.(1)Summary lead Increasing job loyalty of Gen X’ers

II.(2 – 6)Catalyst’s survey about job loyalty of Gen X’ers

1.General situation of the job loyalty

2.Findings about the similarities between Gen X’ers and the previous generations

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教學內容 Lesson 2

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.A

2.A

3.B

4.D VI.1.The purpose of the debate between Mateo and Martinez is to focus on the specific needs of Latinos that both parties are courting.2.The problems pointed out by Martinez are bad education, unemployment and lack of health insurance.3.The author says Latino turnout and preference will be decisive in the election because they are the majority minority and more of Latinos than ever before are expected to go to the polls, and a large number of those people are not tied to either political party.4.According to the article, a candidate who figure out how to talk to Latinos about education and healthcare in a compelling way can lock up Latinos’ vote.5.The term ―Hispanic‖ came into official use in 1973, when the Nixon administration formally divided Americans into five races.Liberals prefer the term ―Latino‖ on the grounds that the Spaniards were the very people who destroyed the indigenous cultures of Latin Americans)6.The author thinks that the term ―Hispanic‖ is a marketing term and it’s a term used by politicians at election time.7.The author thinks that the term ―Hispanic‖ is a marketing term and it’s a term used by politicians at election time.It cannot reflect cultural realities.Outline I.(1 – 2)Debate between Mateo and Martinez

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教學內容 Lesson 3

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.C

2.D

3.C

4.A VI.1.WWII led to women’s entry into the workforce.As men marched off to fight, women took their husbands’ places in factories and on the farms.They never looked back.Most now take it for granted that women have as much to offer at work as men do.2.No, it is more than a financial issue because it raises social as well as economic questions and its resolution will involve governments, employers and people.3.The babyboom generation is far larger than the generation that follows it or any that preceded it.Its achievement will cast a shadow over the companies it is set to leave.4.The present ways of dealing with a falling supply of labor are shifting work offshore, laxer immigration rules and use of new equipment.5.If they were offered the chance of staying on at work, many older employees would jump at the chance because they will no longer be able to retire in the style they have been led to expect.Corporate pension schemes and health benefits are becoming even less generous.Besides the need for money, many elderly people want to continue working for mental stimulation.6.The author thinks that older workers need to adapt and accept a relative decline in salary and status 7.The significance of babyboomers’ changing the world of work will be more profound and longer lasting than the changes they have brought since the 1960s.Outline I.(1 – 2)Social changes in western countries after WWII

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教學內容 Lesson 4

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.D

2.A

3.D

4.B

VI.1.According to the new government figures, British female full time workers will be paid ￡ 369,000 less than their counterparts over their lifetime.2.That lifetime disparity would be enough to pay for 31 years of childcare or 22 new cars, or to pay off the average student debt 18 times over.3.Britain’s gender pay gap of 2008 was larger than that of 2007.Men were paid 17.1% more than women for full-time work while the disparity in part-time wages was 36.6%, up from 35.8% in 2007.4.The Fawcett Society has called on the government to include mandatory pay auditing in the equalities bill, scheduled to be introduced in next month’s Queen’s speech.5.According to the article, Sri Lanka is judged the fifth most equal in the world on political empowerment because of the long incumbencies as prme minister and president of Sirimavo Bandaranaika and Chandrika Kumaratunga.6.According to Yvonne Galligan, younger parliaments, in general, were often much more representative.7.Dr.Selvi Thriuchandran felt puzzled by the WEF findings, pointing out that aside from the Bandaranaikes, Sri Lanka had the worst record in South Asia in terms of representation in the legislature and executive.Outline

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教學內容 Lesson 5

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.A

2.B

3.D

4.B VI.1.The first power shift is a rebalancing of moral authority.The major factor in the shift is the receding moral superiority of the west.2.The double standard in Paragraph 3 refers to the US different rules for the two financial crises.During the Asian financial crisis, the US bashed Hong Kong when its government intervened in August 1998 in the stock market to fend off the western investment banks and hedge funds bent on destroying the city’s currency.Yet only a month later, the US intervened in the market to bail out LTCM.3.The author thinks that the minor adjustment in voting rights in the World Bank and International Monetary Fund is symbolic of the increase of the east’s say in decision making in global economic affairs.4.Reminbi has gained an elevation in status.Over time , some countries will keep more Reminbi, making it more like reserve currency.5.The recent crisis shows that blindly seeking growth is dangerous.To many wealthy countries, it is unrealistic.6.The five power shifts are for the most part desirable.They provide a more balanced and stable world.Outline I.(1)Appearance of global rebalancing II.(2 – 6)Rebalancing of moral authority

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教學內容 Lesson 6

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.D

2.C A

4.A VI.1.The letters which millions of Americans got were quarterly reports telling them what had happened to their savings invested in the stockmarket.They have been more effective than any campaign ad.2.Accoring to the Wisconsin Advertising Project, 73% of McCain’s ads and 61% of Obama’s ads are negative.3.He thinks that negative campaign ads are more informative than positive ones.4.Obama’s ads attack McCain for the many ways he plans to make life wretched for nearly everyone.5.McCain’s attacks on Obama focus on his slender résumé, his dodgy associates and the possibility that he will raise taxes.6.Some Democrats complain that McCain’s attacks are stoking up violent racial hatred against Obama.7.The author thinks that they are unfounded.Outline I.(1)Effects of factual ads Helping Obama double his lead over McCain II.(2 – 4)Both sides’ use of negative campaign ads 1.Attack ads’ percentage and John Geer’s view on their function 2.Obama’s ad attacks on McCain 3.McCain’s ad attacks on Obama

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教學內容 Lesson 7

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.D

2.B

3.A

4.D VI.1.The Conservative Party and the Liberal-Democratic Party have formed the British coalition government.2.Clegg decided that he could not form a coalition with the Labour Party due to a revolt inside the parliamentary Labour Party at the concept of a deal, as well as its likely terms.3.If the deal works, it will change the shape of the Conservative Party.4.The Lib Dems secured 5 cabinet posts and a commitment to 15 other ministerial jobs across Whitehall.On the Conservative side, George Osborne will the chancellor of the exchequer and William Hague foreign secretary.5.The serious problems confronting the coalition government are a huge deficit, deep social problems and a political system in need of reform.6.In the negotiations, the Tories agreed to drop their plans to raise the threshold for inheritance tax and provide extra money for disadvantaged pupils.7.When the Lib Dem-Con deal was secured, George Brown went to the Queen to tender his resignation.Later, he told party workers he was resigning immediately as party leader, leaving Harriet Harman in charge.Outline I.(1 – 4)Formation of the Conservative Party – the Liberal Democratic Party coalition 1.Coalition with Cameron as Prime Minister and Clegg as his deputy

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教學內容 Lesson 8

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.A

2.D

3.D

4.A VI.1.America’s standing in world opinion is at an all-time low.Even its closest allies oppose U.S.policies.2.Its unpopularity is dangerous and expensive.It leads to high military costs abroad, skyrocketing security costs at home, and the loss of trade as America’s goods become shunned overseas.All this causes an economic drain.3.If Americans travelled more, they’d better understand their place on this complex planet and fit in more comfortably, and eventually the U.S.wouldn’t need to spend as much as the rest of the world combined on its military to feel safe.4.Travel helps Americans celebrate, rather than fear, diversity of culture.5.Travel gives Americans a perspective that can translate, through the voting booth, into American policies that will not alienate them from the family of nations.And when that happens, Americans’ safety will be improved.Outline I(1-2)Need for Americans to gain a better understanding of the world by travelling II(3-5)America’s unpopularity and its harmful effects

1．America’s low standing in world opinion

2．Being routinely outvoted at the U.N.on a variety of issues III(6-18)Benefits of thoughtful travel

1．Gaining a better understanding of America’s place on the complex planet

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教學內容 Lesson 9

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.C

2.D

3.B

4.B VI.1.It is a non-profit group that promotes the importance of family and fatherhood.It is based in New York.2.The sexual revolution of the 1960s and '70s swept away a concept of dating in which there was an implicit understanding that each party was shopping for a mate and not just for sex.3.If women are not hooking up, they frequently fall into fast-moving, “joined-at-the-hip” relationships with men, spending nights in one another's rooms.4.In the author’s opinion, the rules of courtship in the 1950s were clearer than those of the present.But they proved unfulfilling either, because at that time those who were courting got to know each other under artificial circumstances.They were well dressed and put their best foot forward.This was not the best way to get to know people.Outline I.(1)News lead

Summary of the survey’s report

II.(2—3)The dating scene on college campuses 1.Two choices for women 2.Women’s desire for long-term relationship and marriage III.(4)The survey

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教學內容 Lesson 10

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.C

2.B

3.C

4.C VI.1.The American traditional family is a family made up of two biological parents and two or three children with the father as the only breadwinner.2.No.The traditional family has lost its predominant place.Today only about 20 percent of American families fit the traditional structure.3.The new American family is a household with fewer children, with both parents working, and with mothers giving birth to their children at an ever older age, having fewer children, and spacing them further apart.4.The stable family of two biological parents is the ideal vessel for molding character, for nurturing, for inculcating values, and for planning for a child’s future.5.The result of America’s family changes is a serious new divide in the American society between the children of poorer, less educated, single parents and those of richer, better educated, and married parents.6.Mother-only families produce harmful effects on children.They are more likely than those with two parents to suffer poverty, to be suspended from school, to have emotional problems, to become delinquent, to suffer from abuse, to take drugs, and to perform poorly on virtually every measure.7.Today, 81 percent of American women think she should have her own career, and 70 percent think that both husband and wife should earn money.The vast majority of working mothers say that even if the family did not need the income, they would continue working.9江

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教學內容 Lesson 11

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.B

2.D

3.A

4.C VI.1.Kaiser Permanente Bellflower Medical Center had organized a 52-member medical team for delivering the babies with each of them designated and assigned to nurses, doctors and surgical assistants.At 10:43 a.m.on January 26, they were all ready.2.Before the multiple birth, Nadya Suleman was a recently-divorced single mother who already had six children ranging in age from 2 to 7, two of them 2-year-old twins and one of them autistic.3.The news report stoked the furor created by the delivery of the octuplets.4.Nadya Suleman used the last of her remaining embryos and got impregnated through in-vitro fertilization.5.Nadya Suleman’s mother sees it less glowingly.She believes that her daughter is obsessed and misguided for she already had six beautiful children.6.After being released from the hospital, Nadya Suleman will be faced with problems of child support and child care.Outline

I.(1)Deilvery of Nadya Suleman’s eight babies at Kaiser

1.Kaiser’s preparation for the delivery

2.Delivery of seven babies

3.Delivery of the eighth baby

4.Present condition of Nadya Suleman and her eight babies

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教學內容 Lesson 12

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.C

2.D

3.A

4.B

VI.1.The author suggests that the husband and the wife should offer each other more positive statements, less negative statements, heart-felt and specific compliments and thank-yous.2.Human touch aids the release of feel-good endorphins for giver and receiver.3.To build a fortress of love, he or she should fully support his or her spouse, take his or her spouse’s side whenever possible if trouble arises in the ―outside world‖.4.Trying to improve the spouse puts him/her on the defensive and cast you in a dreary role.The result is that everyone is unhappy.5.When a marriage needs improvement, the true solution is that you should change yourself first, address your own flaws and seek the best in your spouse.6.Good feelings can improve marriage.The happier you feel, the happier your marriage will be and the easier it will be to manage conflicts.7.When conflict is handled with the right tools and attitude, it becomes a gateway to deeper intimacy – the chance to be seen and lived for who you truly are, to accept your mate’s adorable, vulnerable real self and build a strong union without caving in or silently seething.8.A couple should avoid tough talks when they’re not rested well, well fed and when drunk.Outline

I.(1-2)Introduction to the 7 secrets of sexy marriage II.(3-5)Build up love balance

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教學內容 Lesson 13

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.B

2.A

3.D

4.B VI.1.Sam Zell blamed ―a perfect storm‖ of factors behind the Tribune Company’s bankruptcy filing.2.Newspaper Association of America figures show that advertising revenues have been falling since the summer of 2006.3.It was the acceleration of advertising revenues’ fall, coupled with the sheer amount of debt Mr Zell took on to buy Tribune, which led the Los Angeles Times and Chicago Tribune to the bankruptcy courts.4.Moody’s last Month predicted ―dire straits‖ for some publishers in 2009.5.Publishers’ options are shrinking because prospective buyers struggle to find acquisitions.6.The fact that the New York Times wroke down the value of its newspapers showed that asset sales may yield less than once hoped.7.According to Paper Cuts, more than 15,000 U.S newspaper positions have been cut.8.Moody expects most publishers that default to be able to restructure their debt, rather than close titles.Outline I.(1-4)Newspaper industry’s decline.1.Tribune Company’s bankruptcy filing 2.Causes of newspaper industry’s decline a.Debates about the causes

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教學內容 Lesson 14

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.D

2.B

3.C

4.A VI.1.Because they want to improve their public image.They believe that reputations and jobs can be lost based on the smallest slip in rank.2.Because they intended to make their colleges more selective.They thought top applicants might opt for more prestigious institutions, lowering the school’s crucial ―yield‖ and making it appear less desirable.3.If accepted, enrollees tend to boost a school’s yield and its statistical cachet.But the process denies students the broader choice that comes with applying to more than one college and ties them to a school regardless of its financial aid offer.4.The author believes the rankings have become an unhealthy force in higher education, because the time and money colleges spend gaming the magazine’s rankings are resources lost on improving education and serving their real consumers, the students.Outline Ⅰ.Problem of college officials’ only concern for poll ranking and its bad effects(1―3)

1.The issue of college officials’ efforts to push up the ranking

2.Bad effects

a.Overlooking education improvement

b.Sacrificing students to the college’s vanity

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教學內容 Lesson 15

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.C

2.D

3.C

4.D VI.1.The casual supremacy of Usian Bolt’s record-vapouring 100m sprint has everyone wondering how much more human beings can wring from their bodies.2.Science shows that human beings are at the far edges of the envelope in sports performance 3.He thinks that athletes are going into a plateau where performance improvements will be more incremental and a single anomalous sprint doesn’t change that.4.The study by the French Institute of Sport concludes that athletes will finally hit the ceiling in 2060.After that, no more world records.5.According to the article, sport will increasingly rely on freaks: physically highly unusual specimen endowed with remarkable psychological resilience 6.US Sport Sporting Giants talent identification program has been looking for athletes in body size: females over 5 ft 11 in and males 6 ft 3 in aged 16 and 25 7.Bolt’s success shows that very unusual physical and mental conditions are needed for breaking world records.Bolt’s long muscles produce remarkable power, but he is also unexpectedly fast off the blocks for such a big man.Then there is his extraordinary psychology too: he can goof for the cameras just before a race, but beneath the relaxation lies pinpoint mental focus.Outline I.(1—5)Future of athletes’ performance

1.Issue raised by Bolt’s record-breaking about limits to athletes’ performance

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教學內容 Lesson 16

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.B

2.D

3.A

4.D VI.1.According to the article carried in the British Medical Journal, people can cut the risk of having a stroke in half by doing the following four things: being active for 30 minutes a day, eating five daily servings of fruit and vegetables, and avoiding cigarettes and excess alcohol.)2.Thomas Perls believes that assuming you've sidestepped genes for truly fatal diseases like Huntington’s, there’s nothing stopping you from living independently well into the 90s.3.If elderly people stop working abruptly, the incidence of obesity and chronic disease skyrockets.4.Flossing is beneficial to the heart because it will help keep arteries healthy.One study shows that daily flossing reduces the amount of gun-disease-causing bacteria.This bacteria is thought to enter the bloodstream and trigger inflammation in the arteries, a major risk for heart disease.Other research has shown that those who have high amounts of bacteria in the mouth are more likely to have thickening in the arteries, another sign of heart disease.So if you want to keep your heart healthy, you have to floss regularly.5.Jap Olshasky believes that exercise is the only real fountain of youth that exists.6.The author advised people to avoid nutrient-lacking white foods(breads, flour, sugar)and go for all those colorful fruits and vegetables and dark whole-grain breads and cereals with their host of hidden nutrients.7.The author recommends Seventh Day Adventists' way of life because their way of life is beneficial to health and their average life expectancy is 89, about a decade longer than that of the average American.They stick to a vegetarian diet based on fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts, get plenty of exercise, and

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教學內容 Lesson 17

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.D

2.C

3.D

4.B

VI.1.Edwards believes that people who spend six to nine months preparing are likely to be twice as successful as those who start without preparation.2.The advantages of telecommuting are the freedom, flexibility and that you don’t need to travel to work everyday and can wear whatever you like.The disadvantage is that you are isolated from a team and cannot get the day-to-day interaction with your colleagues.3.Because the trend toward home offices is bringing work and home closer together under one roof, while under the traditional system of employment, jobs and family are separated.4.Because he thinks it is a national transition that is as significant as the one from farms to factories.This national transition is actually a big challenge to the tradition.It will have a great impact on various aspects of the society especially on people’s way of life.Outline I.The trend toward working at home in USA(1)More telecommuters appearing in business II.Factors of the trend(2~3)1.A combination of factors 2.Examples

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教學內容 Lesson 18

課時 2 教學用具

板書，教材 教學目標

1、understand the text and study the vocabulary

2、understand the skill of the text 教學重點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學難點

1、understand the words

2、improve the speed 教學過程

I． Background information

II．Additional notes

III．Answers to the Questions V.1.D

2.B

3.A

4.D

VI.1.In late May, Mater Card Inc.is expected to go public.The stock offering is expected to raise more than $2.5 billion.2.One of the purposes is to raise money to cover its pending legal costs.The other purpose is to help it compete in a global industry with a raft of new competitors.3.The author says so because the two card behemoths have been so besieged.They face legal battles over the so-called interchange fees they charge retailers.They are also being sued by rival card companies on antitrust charges.As a matter of fact, MasterCard’s stock offering is intended to raise money to cover its pending legal costs.4.Americans’ use of credit cards is as common as their use of the dollar.The average household with at least one major credit card had about $9500 in debt in 2005.The average American now has five general purpose cards, according to the Nielson Report.5.There are a number of changes in the credit market.Firstly, there are strong signs that the boom is finally slowing.Secondly, consumers have been paying off high-interest card debt and making major purchases with low-equity loans.Thirdly, it is inevitable that the fees the card companies charge merchants will be slashed.6.According to Howard Mason, Master Card’s present legal liability could exceed its current book value of $1.3 billion.Outline

第二篇：報刊英語

藝術 · Art 1.abstract art : 抽象派藝術

A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter.強調形式至上，忽視內容的一種非寫實主義繪畫風格

Kandinsky produced abstract art characterized by imagery that had a musical quality.康定斯創作的抽象派作品有一種音樂美。

2.abstract expressionism : 抽象表現派；抽象表現主義

A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes emotion, strong color, and giving primacy to the act of painting.把繪畫本身作為目的，以表達情感和濃抹重涂為特點的非寫實主義風格。Abstract expressionism was at its peak in the 1940s and 1950s.20世紀四五十年代是抽象表現藝術發展的頂峰時期。3.action painting : 動作畫派

A term used to describe aggressive methods of applying paint.指使畫布產生強烈動作效果的繪畫風格。

Action painting often looks childish to the non-artist because of the techniques used to apply paint, such as throwing it on the canvas.在外行看來，動作派的作品通常是幼稚的，這主要是因為畫家采用的作畫方法，比如將顏料潑灑在畫布上。

4.airbrush : 噴槍；氣筆

A nozzled tube used to apply paint in a spray form.一種將顏料噴成霧狀的噴嘴管。

The famous sexy robots in Japan are produced using an airbrush.那些性感的日本機器人就是用噴槍繪制成的。5.art deco ：裝飾派藝術

A style dominant in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by repetitive, ornamental, and highly finished curvilinear and geometric designs, esp.in synthetic materials such as plastics.盛行于20世紀二、三十年代的裝飾藝術和建筑藝術風格，以重復的、裝飾精美的曲線和幾何圖案為特點國，多采用塑料等合成材料。

Mary attended high school in a building that was famous for art deco style of architecture.Mary就讀的中學以其裝飾派建筑而聞名。6.art nouveau ：新藝術

A decorative style in which fluid, biomorphic lines and swirling motifs were emphasized.以曲折有致的天然生物形態為特色的裝飾性風格。

Beardsley prints produced in the late 19th century are a good example of the style of art nouveau.19世紀末比樂茲利的作品是新藝術的典范。7.avent-garde : 先鋒派

Innovative art in advance of popular ideas and images, characterized by unorthodox and experimental method.不拘于現有的創作定式，勇于創新超前思維的藝術形式。The avant-garde home of the famous actress sold for millions.那位影星的先鋒派住宅賣出了幾百萬美元的好價錢。8.Baroque ：巴羅克風格

An emotional, dramatic style of the 16th-18th century, anticlassical in form and spirit.流行于16至18世紀，以情感強烈、鋪張浮華為特點的反古典主義的藝術風格。

Status and architecture from the Baroque have a dark, muscular, looming quality about them.巴羅克風格的雕塑和建筑雄偉、高大、格調陰暗。1 9.batik ：蠟防印花 Painting on wax-treated cloth.在蠟布上作的畫。

Susan learned about batik in college.蘇珊在讀大學時學過蠟防印花。10.Bauhaus ：包豪斯建筑風格

A design school that promoted functional and geometric elements in design.指包豪斯造型學院倡導的強調實用和幾何學要素的建筑風格。

Bauhaus school of design in Germany changed the way that the world thought about design.德國的包豪斯造型學院倡導的藝術改變了世人的既定設計思維模式。a 11.Byzantine ：拜占庭藝術風格的

（adj.）A term used to describe a style of art with strong religious content.藝術風格突出強烈宗教色彩的。

The Byzantine era extended from the 13th century and went into the 16th century and was characterized by art with religious influence.拜占庭式藝術始于13世紀，一直延續到16世紀，其主要特點是濃郁的宗教氣息。12.calligraphy 書法藝術

Handwriting or penmanship, esp.elegant or “beautiful” writing as a decorative art.書寫的藝術，特別是優雅漂亮可作裝飾的筆跡。

Calligraphy has practically become a lost art in today’s computerized society.在今天的電腦時代，書法藝術差不多要消亡了。13.cartoon 草圖，底圖

A full-size, preliminary painting or sketch for a completed work.一部完整藝術作品的雛形。

Leonardo da Vinci’s cartoon of the Virgin Mary and Saint Anne hangs in the British National Gallery.達·芬奇的圣母馬麗亞和圣安妮畫像的草圖現存于英國國家美術館。14.ceramics(1)The art of making objects such as pottery or clay.(2)The objects themselves.陶器制作藝術；陶器制品。

Savannah enjoys making ceramic pottery.薩文喜歡做陶器。15.collage ：拼貼藝術

A composition of found objects, newspaper, and cloth over other material on a single surface.把揀得的報紙、碎布等在畫面上粘貼成畫。

We used to make computer collages when I was in college by first pasting various items together and then using a video camera to transmit the image onto a computer screen.我們在大學時曾用電腦制作拼貼畫。其步驟是：首先，將各種材料粘在一起，然后用攝像機將圖像傳送到電腦上。

16.composition ：藝術作品

Aesthetically pleasing, harmonious, and effective arrangement of parts to form a whole.各部分和諧生動、符合美學規律的作品。

Matisse used color and shapes and worked back and forth until he felt he had achieved a balanced composition.馬蒂斯反復調試色彩、構思圖案，終于畫了一幅布局和諧的作品。17.computer art 計算機藝術 2 Electronically produced images displayed on video screen.在屏幕上顯示運用電子手段設計圖像的藝術。Computer art become popular in the 1980s when computers started to become more available to the public.當80年代個人電腦開始普及之后，計算機藝術也流行起來。18.cubism ：立方主義；立體派

A style of art that departs from traditional reality, and emphasizes multifaceted, simultaneous views of subject and distorted perspectives.(early 20th century)20世紀初出現的一個藝術流派。它拋棄傳統現實，強調藝術作品的形體結構，即同時性、多角度性及扭曲的視角。

Pablo Picasso played a principal role in the early movement of cubism.帕勃洛·畢加索在立體派早期發展中起首重要的推動作用。19.Dada ：達達主義

A style(1915-1925)with antirational approach and nihilistic, absurdist, and incongruous themes.流行于1915年至1925年間的藝術流派，其特點是反理性的創作手法和虛無、荒誕。矛盾的主題。Dadaism asked “what is art?” and used humor and shock value as communicative elements.達達主義設問“什么是藝術？”并用幽默和讓人震驚的色彩對比手法作答。20.drawing ：素描

A picture, design, or sketch done with lines in pen or pencil.用鋼筆或鉛筆勾勒出的圖畫、圖案或寫生圖。

The drawings of Michelangelo were recently exhibited in New York.米開朗基羅的素描最近在紐約展出。21.expressionism ：表現主義

An early 20th-century style emphasizing emotional expression, strong color and composition, and a distorted, theatrical treatment of image.20世紀的一種藝術風格，強調情緒的表現，以濃重的色彩、鮮明的構圖，扭曲、夸張的形象處理為特點。

Professor Bryer will be giving a lecture on expressionism tonight.今晚布萊恩教授有一個關于表現主義的講座。22.fresco ：溫壁畫技法；濕壁畫

A technique of painting directly on a wet, plaster surface.在潮濕的石膏表面上直接作畫。

We all marveled at the beauty of the 17th century fresco.23.funk art ：非理性藝術；惡臭藝術

A combination of painting and sculpture, deliberately messing and rough, often humorously depicting provocative subjects.(U.S., mid-20th century)20世紀中期出現在美國的一種藝術流派。故意雜亂無章、不加修飾的繪畫與雕塑的融合。多以幽默的方式描繪刺激性的場面。

Jeson has been collecting funk art since the mid 1960s.杰森從20世紀60年代中期就開始收集非理性藝術作品。24.futurism ：未來主義

A style glorifying modern technology, speed, and the machine age.(Italy, early 20th century)頌揚現代技術、速度和機器時代的創作風格。起源于20世紀初的意大利。

Art from the era of futurism can be identified by a combination of machine elements, cubism, and motion.未來主義時期藝術的突出特點是機器法則、立方主義與運動機械的組合。25.genre ：風俗畫

A realistic depiction of scenes from everyday domestic life.3 日常家居生活的寫實畫。

Who is your favorite genre painter? 你最喜歡的風俗畫家是誰？ 26.Gothic ：哥特風格

A style that emphasizes Christian imagery, brilliant color, and strong verticality in composition.(12th – 16th century)以基督教題材、亮麗的色彩、明顯的垂直線條為特點的繪畫風格。流行于12至16世紀。Jean dislikes Gothic art because it feels too religious.吉不喜歡哥特風格的作品，因為它們的宗教色彩太濃。27.gouache ：樹膠水彩顏料

An opaque watercolor bound with gum.由膠水調和的不透光水彩。

Do you like the quality of gouache in paintings? 你喜歡水彩畫嗎？

28.graphic arts ：平面造型藝術

Those visual arts that are linear in character, such as drawing and engraving, esp.those that involve printing and printmaking.平面視角藝術，特別是指與印刷業有關的素描、雕刻等。

The computer is now enabling anyone to produce and design and experiment with graphic art.計算機的出現使任何人都能制造、設計和試驗平面視角藝術。29.hard-edge ：鋒刃派繪畫的；硬邊畫的

(adj.)A style characterized by geometric abstraction, a flat picture plan, perfection of a surface, and graphic precision.（U.S., mid-20th century）

流行于20世紀中期的美國，以輪廓分明的幾何形體、精確的畫面為特點的抽象繪畫。

Patrick Nagel’s hard-edge style of 80’s women became one of the strongest images in the 20th century.派特克·納哥爾的鋒刃派風格的80年代婦女成了20世紀最具說明力的形象之一。30.history painting ：歷史題材的繪畫

An academic depiction of scenes from mythology, history, or the Bible.以神話、歷史或圣經為題材的傳統繪畫。

Temple Square in Salt Lake City has a visitor center filled with history paintings.鹽湖城的神殿廣場有一個觀光中心，里面存滿了歷史題材的繪畫作品。31.hyperrealism ：高度寫實主義

An extension of photorealism in which depiction of subject is indistinguishable from reality.(late 20th century)20世紀末興起的一種繪畫流派。照相現實主義的延伸，強調對現實的臨摹。

The interesting aspect of hyperrealism is that it challenges the viewer to try to decide what is real and what isn’t.高度寫實主義繪畫很有意思的一點是，觀者很難判斷哪些是真實的，哪些是虛構的。32.impressionism ：印象主義，印象派

A style emphasizing the depiction of light and its effects, with the act of seeing as its primary subject.(France 19th century 強調繪畫中的光感，以視覺影象作為描繪對象。

Impressionism has long been one of the most popular art movements.Van Gogh’s impressionistic painting entitled “Dr.Gachet” was purchased for a world record $ 85 million by a Japanese investor.長期以來，印象主義一直是最具有影響力的藝術運動之一。凡高的印象派作品《蓋什醫生》被一名日本投資商以8500萬美元的天價購得。33.Kakemono ：畫軸 4 A Japanese vertical scroll painting.日本的一種垂直式卷軸畫。

Debbie purchased several kakemono scrolls during her year as an exchange student in Japan.德比在日本做交換學生時買了幾卷畫軸。34.kinetic art ：活動藝術

Art characterized by the incorporation of painted and sculpted mechanical parts into an art piece that moves or creates the impression of movement.興起于20世紀中期的一種與機械學相結合的藝術，采用活動部件，造成動感效果的雕塑藝術。Kinetic art can be seen in front of many office buildings built during the 50’s and 60’s.在五、六十年代，辦公大樓前的雕塑多屬活動藝術作品。35.landscape ：風景畫，山水畫

A depiction of natural land forms, sometimes allegorical.以自然風景為主題，有時含有諷喻意義的作品。

Paula travels to New Mexico each summer to paint western landscapes.波拉每年夏天都去新墨西哥州畫西部風景畫。36.medium ：溶劑，調色劑，材料

A liquid in which pigment is mixed to form paint;a type of paint of coloring matter used in painting.繪畫用的調和顏料的液體；藝術創作所使用的材料。

It’s sometimes fun to look at a painting and try to figure out what medium the artist used.有時猜猜一部藝術作品所使用的材料很有意思。37.Ming ：具有明代藝術特色的

(adj)Characteristic of a highly academic classicism, esp.in porcelains.(China, 14th –17th centuries)高度傳統古典主義傾向的，特別是指與14至17世紀中國明代瓷器有關的藝術。Dr.Franks is an expert on porcelains from the Ming dynasty.37.minimal art ：極簡抽象藝術；最小主義藝術

An abstract, simple, reductionist style with absence of all but basic formal elements and primary colors.(U.S.mid-20th century)美國20世紀中期興起的一種藝術流派，其特點是抽象、簡單、微縮，即把作品簡略到基本抽象成分。Minimalism is characterized by space with very sparse design elements and helped launch the popular art slogan of “less is more.”

最小主義藝術的特征是稀疏的畫面，這一藝術促成了“簡即繁”的藝術口號。38.modernism ：現代主義

A style that breaks with traditional art forms and searches for new modes of expression.一種新的、脫離傳統藝術手法的表現形式。

Modernism became popular in the early part of the 20th century.現代主義在20世紀初開始流行起來。39.mosaic ：馬賽克；鑲嵌工藝，鑲嵌畫

An illustration composed of small, colored stones or tiles set into cement.用五顏六色的小石子或瓦片在水泥板上鑲嵌面成的圖案。

The new mall in town features a giant mosaic over the main entrance way.在城里新建的林蔭道的主要入口處有一個巨大的鑲嵌畫。

（我覺得這句話應譯成：城里新建的大型商場/購物中心的入口處有一巨幅鑲嵌畫。---southleaf）40.mural ：壁畫；壁飾

A large-scale painting, usually on a wall or ceiling.5 通常掛在墻上或天花板上的巨幅畫。

The McMullen’s have a giant mural painting along the hallway in their home.麥克倫家的門廳里有一幅巨型壁畫。41.neoclassicism ：新古典主義

A style modeled after proportion and restraint of Greek and Roman classical antiquity.(late 18th, early 19th century.)模仿和借鑒古希臘羅馬勻稱、莊重建筑風格的藝術形式，盛行于18世紀末，19世紀初。

We knew that Mr.Samuels was into neoclassicism by the way that he had his courtyard decorated with nude statues.42.new wave ：新浪潮

A combination of cartoon, graffiti, and performance art in a minimalist, unsophisticated style(late 20th century.)綜合漫畫、涂鴉和表演藝術的藝術形式，其風格簡單自然。

There’s a new wave art show currently on exhibit up at the local college gallery.本地大學美術館正在舉辦一個新浪潮藝術作品展。43.nude ：裸體畫，裸體像

The undraped human figure, sometimes allegorical.無遮蓋的人體畫像，有時具有諷喻意義。

The nude has always played a powerful role in art throughout the ages.在藝術領域，裸體畫一直占有重要地位。44.oil paint ：油畫顏料；油漆

Pigment mixed with drying oil, exp.linseed oil.和亞麻油等干性油混制成的顏料。

You can buy a beginner’s set of oil paints for under $ 20.花不到20元，你就可以買到初學者所用的一套油畫顏料。45.op art ：光效應藝術，視覺藝術

A style with graphic abstraction and pattern-oriented optical effects(mid-20th century)利用幾何圖形和色彩對比給人以模棱兩可的視幻覺藝術，起源于20世紀中期。

Riley and Vasarely are two noteable artists who made contributions in the illusory world of op art.瑞利和凡撒里這兩位著名的藝術家為夢幻般的光效應藝術作出了貢獻。46.performance art ：戲劇表演藝術

Use of paintings, sculpture, and video in live theatrical performance by the artist.(late 20th century)現場戲劇表演中藝術家摻入繪畫、雕塑和攝像等形式的綜合藝術。興起于20世紀末。We watched a program that featured performance art on TV last night.昨晚有一個電視節目介紹了表現派藝術。47.pastel ：彩色粉筆畫

A crayon made of color ground with chalk and compounded with gum water into paste, often of pale color.粉筆作底色，用膠水調和色彩。色調淡雅。Degas is probably my favorite pastel artist.德加大概算是我最喜歡的彩色粉筆畫家了。48.perspective ：透視畫法

A system of realistically depicting three-dimensional objects or views onto two-dimensional, flat surfaces through convergent lines and planes.以現實的手法，在兩維的平面上，利用線和面趨向會合的視錯覺原理刻畫三維物體的藝術。Perspective illustration provides a three-dimensional view of objects or views.透視畫法提供了一個對物體或景色的三維視角。49.pictograph ：象形文字；圖畫文字 6 A picture symbolizing an idea or object, used as an early form of writing.代表一個思想或物體的圖畫。屬早期的文字。

Three men were arrested for vandalizing ancient pictographs found I the canyons of southern Utah.50.pointillism ：點畫法；點彩派

Neo-impressionism characterized by the use of tiny, closely spaced dots or points of color that blend to produce a luminous quality.新印象主義畫法，用微小、密集的彩色點混合后產生一種奪目的效果。

The painting “Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte” by Seurat is probably the most famous work of pointillism.修拉的《在拉·格蘭德·加特島的一個星期天下午》大概是最有名的點彩派畫了。51.pop art ：波普藝術

A style-making use of images from popular culture and commerce, often reproduced exactly.(mid-20th century)把精確復制大眾文化和商業中的形象作為一種藝術創作。起源于20世紀中期。

Roy Litchenstein, who helped start the movement in the 1950s, continues to rule the king of pop art into the 90s.早在50年代，羅耶·列克敦斯坦就參與發起波普藝術運動，直到90年代他依然是波普藝術的頂尖人物。52.primitivism ：原始風格

A style with an unsophisticated, pretechnological, simple approach to form and content.形式處理和內容表現力求簡潔，避免復雜化或工藝手段的創作風格。

The famous series of “cut-outs” by Henri Matisse are a good example of primitivism.亨利·馬蒂斯著名的《割斷》系列作品是原始主義流派的代表作之一。53.realism ：現實主義風格

Art that depicts reality as it appears.以寫實的手法描繪現實。

I am in awe when I view realism such as the landscapes painted by 17th century Dutch artist Jan Vemeeer.欣賞著17世紀荷蘭畫家楊·弗美爾的風景畫，我被其中的現實主義風格所震撼。54.Renaissance ：文藝復興時期風格的；文藝復興

(adj.)Art that is classical in form and content.(n.)revival of aesthetics of classical antiquity.(14th – 17th century)藝術作品的形式和內容具有古典主義色彩的；從14世紀延續到17世紀的經典傳統美學的復興。Renaissance art is still appreciated by artists of today.現在的藝術家仍然對文藝復興時期的藝術珍愛有加。

Much of the greatest art in the history of the world was produced during the Renaissance.世界藝術史上最偉大的作品很多是在文藝復興時期產生的。55.rococo ：洛可可藝術的；洛可可式的

A style with ornamental, poetic, curvilinear forms and lyrical themes.融裝飾性、詩化的、曲線的形式和抒情主題為一體的藝術。Mrs.Mead is looking for a chair in rococo style.米德夫人想買一個洛可可式的椅子。56.sculpture ：雕刻術；雕塑術

The art of carving wood, chiseling stone, casting or welding metal, molding clay or wax, etc.into three-dimensional representations, as statues, figures, forms, etc.通過對木頭、石頭進行雕刻，對金屬加以鑄造、焊接，或對泥、蠟加工制成的三維雕塑作品。

Mr.Rushmore which depicts images of 4 U.S.presidents in the Black Hills, South Dakota, is one of the most famous sculptures in America.在南達科他州布萊克山區的拉什莫爾山刻有四位美國總統的雕像。它們是美國最有名的雕塑之一。7 57.self-portrait ：自畫像

A depiction of an artist’s own face 藝術家創作的自己的肖像畫。

Artist’s self-portraits are usually very sought-after works of art.人們總是樂于求購藝術家的自畫像。58.still lift ：靜物畫

A realistic depiction of inanimate objects, esp.flowers, fruit, or domestic items.以寫實的手法描繪無生命的物體，比如花、水果、家什等。Cezanne is known for his unique still life paintings of apples.賽尚以獨具一格的蘋果靜物畫聞名遐邇。59.surrealism ：超現實主義

A style using subconscious mental activity as its subject matter, characterized by dreamlike, hallucinatory imagery.將下意識的精神活動作為描寫對象，多運用夢幻意象的藝術形式。The artist Salvador Dali is synonymous with surrealism.藝術家薩爾瓦多·達利是超現實主義的同義詞。60.Symbolism ：象征主義

A 19th century French movement that rejected realism and expressed subjective visions through evocative images.產生于19世紀的法國藝術運動。它摒棄現實主義手法，通過使人產生聯想的意像表達主觀感受。Great art most always incorporates symbolism.偉大的藝術幾乎總具有象征意義。61.video art ：視頻藝術

The use of filmed or videotaped material display alone or with other media.(late 20th century)通過創造性地利用視頻技術產生可以在電視屏幕上觀看的一種藝術形式，產生于20世紀末。Video art has become a popular medium in today’s art, especially in collages.今天，視頻藝術已經成為一種非常受歡迎的繪畫形式，特別是拼貼畫中。62.watercolor ：水彩顏料；水彩畫

A paint which is mixed with water and used to create pictures;A picture which has been done with this type of paint.一種與水混合用來作畫的顏料；用這種顏料作的畫。

My uncle did a beautiful watercolor of a sunset while in Mexico.我的叔叔在墨西哥時畫了一幅漂亮的日落水彩畫。商業·Business 63.account ：財務帳；帳戶

A record of financial transactions kept in a ledger.在分類帳中保存的財務來往記錄。A bank account 銀行帳戶

A customer or client 顧客或客戶

Let’s check the account again.我們再查一遍帳。

How much is left in our bank account.銀行帳上還剩多少。

This firm is our best account.這家商行是我們最好的客戶。8 64.accounting ：會計

A system and process of gathering and recording financial information that provides a continuous balance between assets and liabilities.收集和記錄財務住處的制度和過程，并據此不斷提供資產和負債之間的余額。You need to discuss that matter with the accounting department.你應當和財務部討論這個問題。65.accumulation ：資本增益

An addition to capital investments or stock from profits.資本投資的收益或股分增值。

What kink of accumulation are you getting on the ABC stock? 你有ABC公司的股份有什么資本增益？ 66.affluence ：富裕

The condition of substantial wealth and economic power.擁有雄厚財富和經濟實力的狀況。

Luxury cars are targeted towards the affluent segment of a population.豪華轎車是以人口中的富裕階層為銷售對象的。67.affiliate ：成員，分公司

A business that contracts to work with another business.簽訂合同與另一公司合作的公司。

The ABC office supply company is one of our many affiliates.ABC辦公用品公司是我們眾多分公司的其中之一。68.agenda ：日程表 A list of things to be done.要處理的事務清單

Could you please fax me a copy of tomorrow’s agenda? 能否將明天的日程表給我發個傳真？ 69.agribusiness ：農業綜合企業

The production and marketing of corps by large corporations as opposed to individual farms.由大集團公司進行的農產品的生產和銷售，與個體農場主經營方式相反。

John was forced into bankruptcy when he lost millions of dollars he had invested in a poor agribusiness venture.約翰在農業綜合企業中投資不當，損失了數百萬美元，被迫破產。70.air-pocket stock ：氣穴股票 Stock that falls sharply on bad news.一有壞消息便急劇下跌的股票。

Company stock sometimes turns into air-pocket stock upon the news of the company’s CEO’s serious illness or death.一旦公司總裁病重或去世的消息傳出，其股票有時會變成氣穴股票。71.annual report ：報告

A financial report produced by the management of a corporation for shareholders the end of fiscal year.在每個財政年末，由公司的資方向股東提供的財務報告。72.asset ：資產

A possession that can be turned into cash to cover liabilities 能被轉化為現金以抵消債務的財物

We were forced to liquidate some of our assets to pay our debts.我們被迫變賣一些資產以償還債務。9 73.automation ：自動化

The replacement of human laborers with computers and self-regulating machines 用計算機和自動化控制的機器來代替人力。

Automation in factories will continue to eliminate more and more jobs into the 21st century.到21世紀，工廠的自動化將繼續削減更多的就業機會。74.balanced budget ：平衡預算 Spending that is equal to revenue, esp.in government.一個機構的開支和收入相等，特別指在政府方面 75.bankruptcy ：破產

The inability to pay one’s debts;legal insolvency 無力償還債務，法律上的資不抵債。

Many private companies are forced to declare bankruptcy when they begin to lose business to their competitors.許多私營企業在經營上輸給其競爭對手時，不得不宣布破產。76.big business ：大公司

A term used to describe large corporations, as opposed to small individually or family-owned business.大規模的股份有限責任公司，與私有或家庭經營的小型企業相反。Darren wants to get into big business some day.77.Black Monday ：黑色星期一

October 19, 1987, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell a record 508 points in trading on the New York Stock Exchange.1987年10月19日，紐約股票交易所道·瓊斯工業股票平均指數狂跌創紀錄的508點。78.blue chip stock ：熱門股票，績優股，藍籌股

A term used to describe high-quality stocks of financially sound corporations 指財務上可靠的公司發行的高質量股票。

Mr.Jeppson has a portfolio of nothing but blue chip stocks.杰普遜先生持有的有價證券里全部都是熱門股票。79.bond ：債券

A security issued by a corporation or public body and carrying a fixed rate of interest 由公司或政府機構發行的固有利率的有價債券。What’s the interest rate on these bonds? 這些債券的利率是多少？ 80.boom ：繁榮

A period of great economic activity and business expansion(企業等)經濟非常活躍，經營擴張的時期。

The soft drink business always booms in the summertime.飲料業在夏天總是興旺繁榮。81.boondoggle ：無效的投資 A wasteful business venture 不見回報的經營投機

Our investment in water softeners was a boondoggle.我們在水軟化器上的投資打了水漂。82.bottom line ：最終結果

The final result or ultimate objective 最終的結果或目標 10 What’s the bottom line of your proposal? 你的建議要達到的最終目標是什么？ 83.boycott ：抵制

The refusal to purchase the products of an individual, corporation, or nation as a way to bring social and political pressure for change.拒絕購買某一個人、公司或國家的產品，作為施加社會、政治壓力，促進其改變政策的一種手段。Americans boycotted tuna several years ago until tuna companies guaranteed that they weren’t catching dolphins in their tuna nets.幾年前美國人抵制金槍魚，直至金槍魚公司保證在捕撈金槍魚時放掉海豚。84.budget ：預算

A plan of expenditures based on anticipated revenues.根據估算的收入而制訂的開支計劃。How much do we have left in our budget? 我們的預算還剩多少？

85.business cycle ：景氣周期

Periodic rise and fall in economic activity 經濟活動中周期性的漲落。

U.S.retailers see the same basic business cycle every year and typically do most of their business during the Christmas season.美國零售商們每年都經歷相同的景氣周期。通常情況下，他們大部分生產都是在圣誕節期間做的。86.bust ：崩潰

An informal term referring to a financial or economic collapse 非正式用語，指金融或經濟上破產。The economy is currently in a bust.目前經濟處于崩潰之中。87.buying power ：購買力 Purchasing power 購買商品的能力。

The buying power of the dollar has steadily declined during the last twenty-five years.在過去的25年里，美元的購買力持續下降。88.capital ：資本

Money, assets, or property used as a means of production or for investment 可以用作生產或投資手段的金錢、資產或財物。

Some futurists claim that human capital is a company’s greatest asset.一些未來學家聲稱公司的人力資本是其最大的資產。89.capitalism ：資本主義

An economic system based on private ownership and profit incentive 建立在私有制和利潤刺激基礎上的一種經濟制度。

People in some countries don’t really understand the system of capitalism.一些國家的人們并不真正理解資本主義制度。90.cash cow ：搖錢樹

An informal term for a business with a dependable source of income 非正式用語。指收入來源可靠的生意。

This product has always been a cash cow for our company.11 這種產品一直是我們公司的搖錢樹。91.cash flow ：現金流通

Fluctuations in a company’s cash position 公司現金形勢的波動情況。

Our company is currently having a cash flow problem.92.CEO ：總裁，總經理

An acronym for “chief executive officer”.The highest executive officer of a company.“chief executive officer”的縮略詞。指公司的最高行政長官。

Advertisers are using CEO’s more frequently in their company’s commercials because studies show that people trust and admire leaders.廣告商們在廣告片中越來越多地利用總裁的形象，因為研究表明，人們相信、崇拜領導者。93.Chapter 11 ：破產條款

A bankruptcy code section that applies to a corporation going out of business which may require restructuring.破產法的部分章節，適用于需要重組的倒閉公司。

Rumors are spreading that one of the big movie companies is filing a chapter 11.有謠言說一家大的電影公司正申請破產。94.commercialism ：重商主義，商業行為

The practice and spirit of business in which the making of profits is emphasized.商業做法和精神，強調利潤的追求。

Many American dislike the commercialism that is associated with Christmas.95.competition ：競爭

The rivalry between similar businesses for customers or clients.經營產品相近的廠商間爭奪顧客或客戶的斗爭。

Competition in business is good because it generally results in better quality and lower prices for consumers.商業競爭中是好事，它可以為消費者帶來更好的質量和更低的價格。96.conglomerate ：集團公司，聯合大企業

A corporation made up several companies that produce large quantities of output in a variety of industries.諸多產業中，由幾家公司組成的股份公司，大量生產各種產品。Proctor & Gamble is a large personal product conglomerate.寶潔公司是一家生產個人衛生用品的大集團公司。97.consumerism ：（1）消費；（2）消費者權益運動 The consumption of goods and service.商品和服務的耗費

Inflation always hurts consumerism.通貨膨脹總是打擊消費。

The protection of consumers form poor products or misleading claims.保護消費者免受劣質產品和誤導性廣告的侵害。

The U.S.Food and Drug administration tries to regulate consumerism.美國食品和醫藥管理局想規范消費者權益運動。98.consumer price index ：消費品價格指數

A measure of the fluctuation in prices of common consumer goods and services over a fixed time period.在一定時期內衡量常用消費品和服務價格波動情況的一種尺度。

The consumer price index is a good reference tool to use in order to learn how much the price of a specific item has changed over the last several years.12 想了解某一特定商品在過去幾年內的價格變化情況，消費品價格指數是一個很好的工具。99.corporate ladder ：公司的官階

A series of steps in the organizational hierarchy of a company.公司組織等級制度中的一系列晉升階梯。

Climbing the corporate ladder is not as popular as it used to be.走公司的晉升之道不象以前那樣有吸引力了。100.corporate raider ：強行收購

A person, company, etc.that attempts to take over another company, exp.by buying up the stock of the target company.個人或公司通常以全部買下其看準的公司的股份而吞并該公司。101.cost cutting ：削減成本

A reactive measure taken by companies esp.in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or unnecessary spending.公司采取的應付措施，特別是在困難時期，通過減少浪費和不必要的開支來節省資金。

Companies in the 90s have been implementing a lot of cost cutting in order to become more efficient and competitive.為了提高效率和競爭力，許多公司在90年代一直在實施削減成本的各種措施。102.cost of living ：生活費用

The average cost for the basic necessities of life 支付基本生活必需品的平均花費。

Many employees expect a yearly cost of living increase in their paychecks.很多雇員希望其工資的生活費用部分每年都有增長。103.creeping inflation ：輕度通貨膨脹

The barely noticeable but persistent increase in prices.物價不斷上漲，但因漲幅很小而不為人注意。

Creeping inflation continues to spread throughout the economy in the 1990s.90年代輕度通貨膨脹一直波及經濟生活 104.decline ：萎縮，下降

A period of reduced business activity.經營活動下降的時期。

College students are not happy about the decline of job opportunities waiting for them when they graduate.大學生們對其畢業后就業機會的減少感到憂心忡忡。105.deficit ：赤字

A budget imbalance in which expenditures exceed income.支出超過收入的預算失衡

Our company ran a deficit for the first three years before we started to make any profit.我們公司在開始贏利前的頭三年中都是虧損經營。106.deflation ：通貨緊縮

A decrease in the money supply, causing a sharp fall in prices.貨幣供應的減少，導致物價的急劇下降。Consumers are always motivated by deflation.通貨緊縮往往能刺激消費者的購買欲。107.demand ：需求

The desire and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services.消費者購買商品和服務的能力。

Marketers and advertisers are always looking for new ways to create demand for their client’s products.13 營銷商和廣告商總是在尋找新的途徑以創造其客戶對產品的需求。108.depression ：蕭條

A severe, extended period of decline in business activity.商業活動嚴重減少并且長時間沒有好轉。

Many older Americans remember the great depression of the 1930s.許多上了年紀的美國人對三十年代的大蕭條仍記憶猶新。109.deregulation ：撤消管制

A gradual removal of government control over business.政府逐步撤消對經營活動的控制。

Most business and industries approve of deregulation from government control.大多數公司和產業贊成政府撤消管制。110.distribution ：商品流通 The marketing of merchandising.商品的營銷。

If a product doesn’t have good distribution, it won’t sell.商品流通如果不暢就賣不出去。111.diversification ：經營多樣化

The act of expanding business by increasing the number of goods produced or the number of services offered.通過增加產品品種和服務項目來擴展經營業務。

Many fast food businesses are diversifying in an attempt to capture more customers form their competitors.許多快餐企業正實行經營多樣化，力圖從其競爭對手手中奪取更多的顧客。112.dumping ：傾銷

The act of selling goods below cost to other nations to eliminate surpluses or offset competition.以低于成本的價格向其他國家銷售產品以減少過剩產品，引發競爭。The U.S.has accused Japan of dumping mini-vans here in American.美國控告日本在美國傾銷小型貨車。113.economics ：經濟學

The study of wealth and its creation, distribution, and consumption.形容財富及其創造、分配和消費的科學。Susan is majoring in economics at Harvard.蘇珊在哈佛攻讀經濟學專業。114.economy ：經濟

The organization of social and political institutions and business for production.社會及政治機構的組織以及以生產經營為目的的企業組織。National leaders must always worry about the state of the economy.國家領導人必須一直為經濟狀況操心。115.Fortune 500 ：《財富》500家公司

A list of the 500 largest American corporations published annually by “Fortune” magazine.由《財富》雜志每年公布的全美國最大的500家公司。Who are the top 10 companies on the Fortune 500 list? 在《財富》500家公司中，前10名是哪些？ 116.franchise ：經銷權，連鎖店

A contract or license permitting a regional distributor to use the name and sell products of another company.地區分銷商得到其他公司的合同或許可證，有權使用其名稱并銷售其產品。14 Clancy is opening a new McDonald’s franchise in London.克蘭西在倫敦開了一家麥當勞連鎖店。117.freeze ：凍結

The fixing of some economic factor, such as prices, employment, spending, etc.停止一些經濟因素的變動，如價格、就業、開支等。The government caused a price freeze at the gas pumps.政府凍結了汽油泵的價格。118.full employment ：充分就業

An economic condition in which unemployment is deemed minimal and acceptable, usually under six percent.失業率處于可接受的最小值，常常是６％以下的經濟形勢。

The condition of full employment is something that most countries rarely achieve.充分就業是大多數國家很少取得的經濟局面。119.glamour stock ：熱門股票

A stock in a new or rapidly developing industry that tends to rise quickly in price.新興且發展迅速的產業所發行的股票，有迅速升值的趨勢。

John specializes in buying glamour stock, particular in media, and entertainment companies.約翰專門購買由傳媒、娛樂公司發行的熱門股票。120.glas ceiling ：性別障礙，玻璃天花板

A term used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from entering the ranks of senior-level management.指阻止女性進入高級管理階層的一種無形障礙。

Many women in the 90s are protesting the glass ceiling that bars them form upper management in large corporation.90年代，許多婦女抗議阻止她們進入大公司高級管理階層的性別障礙。121.global economy ：全球經濟

Worldwide trade, travel, competition, etc.世界范圍內的貿易、旅游、競爭等。

Companies in the 1990s are thinking globally in order to stay competitive in the new global economy.為在新的全球經濟中保持競爭力，90年代的公司都從全球的角度考慮問題。122.GNP ：國民生產總值

An abbr.For “gross national product.” The total annual monetary value of all goods, services, and products sold on markets of national economy.“gross national product” 的縮寫詞，指在國民經濟市場上銷售的所有商品、服務和產品的貨幣總值。What was Japan’s GNP in 1987?

1987年日本的國民生產總值是多少？ 123.golden parachute ：高額離職補貼

A substantial compensation given to top executives as a severance bonus when they are terminated from the positions in the event of a corporate merger or takeover.在發生合并或兼并的情況下，公司高層行政領導離開其職位時所獲得的豐厚補償，作為高額離職補助金。

CEOs typically receive a golden parachute when their companies are seized in a hostile takeover.公司被他方惡意接管時，通常情況下總裁們都會得到高額的離職補貼。124.gray market ：灰色市場

A market in which scare goods such as computer chips are traded at above-market prices through irregular channels or by methods not illegal but usually not considered ethical.以高于正常市場價格來銷售稀缺商品如電腦芯片的市場。這種交易通常以非正常渠道進行，手段雖不犯法但也不被認為是合乎道德的。15 Our company is losing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market.由于類似產品在灰色市場上銷售，我們公司損失很大。125.greenmail ：綠票欺詐

The purchase, usually in secret, of a large block of a company’s stock, thereby signaling a possible takeover attempt, and ultimately forcing the company to try to thwart the attempt by buying back its stock at a much higher price.秘密購買一公司的大部分股票，以此暗示可能進行接管，最終迫使該公司為挫敗對方的企圖，不得不以高出很多的價格買回股份。

The ABC company found themselves a victim of greenmail when they realized they had bought back their stock at a much higher price.當ABC公司以高得多的價格買回自己的股份時，發現本公司成了綠票欺詐的受害者。126.hardball ：商場上的殺手锏，動真格

Slang for highly competitive or ruthless business practices.俚語，指生意上極具競爭力或冷酷無情的做法。Our competitors are using tactics that indicate that they want to play hardball.我們的競爭對手所用的戰術表明他們要動真格了。127.hostile takeover ：敵意接管

The act of taking control of a company by buying up enough of its stock t gain a controlling interest.通過購買足夠股份從而獲得控股權的辦法來接管一家公司。

Last year the small airline company was bought up in a hostile takeover.去年這家小航空公司在一次敵意接管中被收購。128.hyperinflation ：高通脹

Rapid inflation and major shortages caused by panic buying.迅猛的通貨膨脹和搶購造成嚴重的商品短缺。

The fear of sudden natural disaster caused hyperinflation to occur in certain food markets because of panic buying by the public.由于擔心自然災害會突然降臨，公眾瘋狂搶購，導致了一些食品市場的高通脹。129.inflation ：通貨膨脹

A sustained rise in the price of goods and services.商品和服務的價格持續上漲。

Has the rate of inflation dropped in the last six months? 在過去的６個月里通貨膨脹率下降了嗎？ 130.junk bond ：風險債券，垃圾債券

A slang term for a high-risk bond that offers a high return but is considered to have a dubious backing.俚語。指高風險高回報的債券，但被認為有可疑的背景支持。

Michael Milken will always be synonymous with the term ”junk bond king.” 邁克爾·米爾肯總是“風險債券之王”的同義詞。131.labor-intensive ：勞動密集型的

(adj.)A term used to describe production that uses more labor than capital.運用人力多于資本的生產。

The parts are very labor-intensive which makes them very expensive.零件是用密集勞動生產出來的，這樣價格就很貴。132.leveraged buyout(LBO)：舉債收購

A procedure by which an investor borrows money to purchase enough of a company’s assets to gain a controlling interest, using the assets of the targeted firm as collateral.16 投資者以收購對象的資產作擔保，借錢來收購該公司的足夠資產以獲得控股權的過程。

Sometimes a smaller company will use the technique of a leveraged buyout to takeover another company.有時候小公司可以用舉債收購的手段來接管另一家公司。133.macroeconomics ：宏觀經濟學

An economic branch dealing with broad aspects of the economy, esp.factors on a national level.經濟學的分支，研究經濟的宏觀方面，尤其是國家層次上的因素。Mr.Samuels is an expert in macroeconomics.塞謬爾斯先生是位宏觀經濟學專家。134.market share ：市場份額

A percentage of total sales within a specific market by one company.一公司產品的銷售總額在某一特定商品市場上所占的百分比。

The kelloggs company has over 50 percent of the market share for breakfast cereals 克洛格公司在早餐粥市場上占有超過50％以上的份額。135.mass production ：大規模生產

The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines.利用標準零件和生產線大批量生產商品

Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.大規模生產使得很多人能以更為便宜的價格享用某種產品。136.microeconomics ：微觀經濟學

The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption.經濟學的分支，研究生產和消費的單個單位。

Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.在未來微觀經濟會導致產品的專業化和客戶化以方便顧客。137.mogul ：商業巨頭

Informal.A rich and powerful person in business or industry.非正式用語。商業或產業界的富有且勢力大的人物。

We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.我們收看了一段電視訪談，采訪對象是一位擁有一億多美元資產的娛樂業巨頭。138.mommy track ：母親路線

A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.女性的職業模式。指女性不愿晉升過快，以便有更多時間和家人相處。

Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.90年代，數以百萬計的婦女寧愿走母親路線也不愿攀登公司的官階。139.monopoly ：壟斷

A domination of the market by a single company.由單一公司統治市場的局面。

The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.打破壟斷可以產生競爭，這會給公眾帶來更好的質量和更低的價格。140.oligopoly ：寡頭壟斷

A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.少數商家占有市場，因此他們可以操縱價格和其他因素。

The U.S.auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers.美國汽車工業是寡頭壟斷的行業，因為只有3家主安生產商。141.Pac Man defense ：帕克曼防衛 17 An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.被定為兼并對象的公司通過出價收購敵對公司，從而阻止其惡意收購。

The out-throat 1980s made strategies like Pac Man defense essential to companies who wanted to survive a hostile takeover.在競爭殘酷無情的80年代，對于那些希望躲過惡意兼并的公司來說，帕克曼防衛之類的戰略手段太重要了。

142.Paper profit ：紙上盈利

An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold.對擁有的某種商品進行估價而計算出來的利潤，因為商品沒有出手，利潤尚未實現。Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation.因為評估了公司的所有的資產，去年杰克的生意才有紙上盈利。143.paradigm shift ：改組

A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made.公司總裁通知公司上下將有重大變化時所用的詞。

The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.一家大型軟件生產商的總裁今天宣布要對其管理人員進行改組。144.Peter Principle ：彼得原則 A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.一種認為在等級森嚴的公司里，每個職員都想升到其無法勝任的位置的說法。The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force.在美國的勞動力大軍里，常可聽到”彼得原則”這個術語。145.poison pill ：反兼并手段，毒丸

Any of various methods devised by a company to thwart a hostile takeover attempt, such as by issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer.公司為挫敗敵意兼并所采取的各式各樣的方法，如發行新股票，為雇員制定慷慨的福利計劃。這會使潛在的兼并者感到代價昂貴而放棄兼并。146.power lunch ：事務餐

A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation.在工作午餐上，忙于緊張的交易和談判而顧不上吃飯。

We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon.今天下午我們在事務餐上討論了公司合并的可能性。147.productivity ：生產力

A measure of ability to produce output from given input 一定投入得到產出的能力的衡量尺度。

Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last.XYZ公司本月的生產比上月略有提高。148.quality control ：質量管理

Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.采用技術以消除次品，或提高經營水平。

No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.任何一家公司要想在新的全球經濟中保持競爭力，就不得不重視質量管理。149.raw goods ：原材料商品

Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production.源于自然，收購來用于生產的原始材料。

Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and 18 less valuable.知識和信息正成為公司最有價值的資產，而原材料商品的價值越來越低。150.recession ：衰退

A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months.國民經濟在至少6個月的時間里沒有任何增長。

A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.衰退的特點是需求下降，失業增加，國民生產總值減少。151.recovery ：復蘇

An increase in business activity following a recession or depression.在經歷衰退或蕭條之后出現的經營活動的增加。

Economists often disagree on whether the U.S.is in a recovery or not.經濟學家們對美國經濟是否已經復蘇看法不一。152.sanction ：制載

Coercive economic restrictions placed on one nation by another.一國施加給另一國的強制性經濟限制。The two superpowers are currently negotiating trade sanctions.兩個超級大國目前正就貿易制載進行談判。153.service economy ：服務經濟

An economy that emphasizes services over industrial production.強調服務甚于工業生產的經濟。

You can enjoy almost anything you want in today’s service economy.在今天的服務經濟中，你可以享受到幾乎任何形式的服務。154.slump ：疲軟

A decline in business activity.經濟活動的減少。

The car industry has been in a slump since the beginning of the year.汽車工業從年初起就一直疲軟。155.smokestack industry ：濃煙工業

A term that refers to heavy manufacturing, such as steel or automobile manufacturing.指重工業，如鋼鐵和汽車制造業。

Information and entertainment is replacing the smokestack industry as the new major methods of creating wealth in the economy.信息和娛樂業正代替濃煙工業，在經濟中充當創造財富的新型手段。156.socioeconomic ：社會經濟的

A term used to describe the connection of social and economic factors.用以描述社會和經濟因素的聯系。

The study of socioeconomic factors is important in order to understand various groups within society.要了解社會的各個群體，必須研究社會經濟的種種因素。157.stagflation ：滯脹

A term that combines inflation and stagnation.A condition when inflation and high unemployment occurring together.“通脹”和”停滯”結合而成的術語，指通貨膨脹與高失業率并存的局面。Stagflation is a very unpopular buzz word in the business world.滯脹是商界不受歡迎的時髦詞語。19 158.stock exchange ：股票交易所

A market where securities are traded, such as the New York Stock Exchange.進行證券交易的市場，如紐約股票交易所。My friends works at the New York Stock Exchange.我的朋友在紐約股票交易所工作。159.stock market ：（1）股市；（2）股市行情 A market in which stocks are bought and sold.股票買賣的地方。

The general condition of the sale of securities in a corporation.一家公司的證券銷售情況。

The Wall Street Journal gives a daily report of the stock market.《華爾街日報》每天報告股市行情。160.supply and demand ：供需

A basic economic law stating that as the price of a good increase, suppliers will be willing to produce more but consumers will demand less, so that price and quantity are both interrelated.一條經濟基本法則，即商品價格上漲時，生產商愿意擴大生產，但消費者的需求下降，這樣價格和數量相互制約。

All products must follow the laws of supply and demand.所有的產品都必須遵守供求法則。161.surplus ：過剩

A situation in which the supply of goods exceeds the demand, esp.at a given price.特別是以一定價格銷售的商品的供應超過需求的狀況。

Smart consumers try to purchase items that are in surplus in order to get more for the same money.精明的消費者在商品過剩時購買，以便用同樣的錢購買更多的商品。162.tax shelter ： 減免所得稅

An investment in certain business, activities, etc.that legally entitles the investor to avoid, reduce, or defer income taxes.在某些行業、活動等方面的投資，投資者合法地享受減、免或緩交所得稅。Some business use tax shelters in an effort to reduce or defer their income tax.一些公司采取合法減免所得稅的手段來減少或遲交所得稅。163.tech angst ： 技術顧慮

(A combination of “technological” and “anxiety”.)The fear of automation among consumers.“technological”（技術的）和 “anxiety”（擔心）的合成詞。顧客對自動化產生的擔心。

The tech angst of many people makes them reluctant to put their trust in automated teller machines.許多人有技術顧慮，因而不愿使用自動提款機。164.technological monopoly ： 技術壟斷

A condition in which a company has exclusive rights to a patented product or process.一公司對專利產品或制作方法享有專屬權的狀況。

AT & T has a technological monopoly over a number of products and processes in the communications world.在通訊領域中，美國電話電報公司在一些產品和方法 享有技術壟斷。165.trade barriers ： 貿易壁壘

Tariffs, quotas, and other regulations used by one country to discourage the importation of certain goods.一個國家為阻礙某些產品的進口所采用的關稅、配額和其他規定。

The U.S.is poised to eliminate trade barriers with Mexico and other neighboring countries.美國準備減少同墨西哥及其他鄰近國家的貿易壁壘。166.trade deficit ： 貿易赤字 20 An imbalance in which a nation’s imports exceed its exports.一國進口超過其出口的不平衡狀況。

No nation wants to run a continuous trade deficit with other countries.沒有一個國家愿意自己同他國的貿易處于持續的赤字狀態。167.trade imbalance ： 貿易不平衡

A condition in which a nation’s exports and imports and imports are not equal.一國的出口和進口不持平的狀況。

The subject of trade imbalance is an ongoing debate between the U.S.and Japan.貿易不平衡是美日兩國間長期爭論的話題。168.trickle-down economics ： 滴入式經濟學

A theory that government financial incentives to big business will eventually benefit smaller businesses and general public.一種經濟理論，認為政府對大企業的財政補貼最終使小企業和大眾受益。

President Bill Clinton dose not believe that trickle-down economics works for the benefit of the nation.克林頓總統不相信滴入式經濟學有益于國家。169.trust ： 托拉斯

Several companies acting together to control production, pricing, and distribution of a product.幾家公司聯合行動以控制一種新產品的生產、定價和銷售。The government has anti=trust laws that regulate against companies forming trusts in order to control product prices and distribution.政府有反托拉斯法，反對公司組成意在控制產品價格和銷售的托拉斯。170.upward mobility ： 往上晉升

The movement of an individual to ever higher levels of responsibility in a company.一個人在公司里上升到承擔相應責任的較高職位。

It was no surprise to the other workers that the boss’s nephew enjoined such a great degree of upward mobility.老板的侄子往上晉升如此之快，其他工人并不感意外。171.white knight ： 公司的救星

A business that prevents a hostile takeover of another company by offering better terms.一公司通過提出更優厚的條件來阻止另一公司被他人敵意兼并。

One of our affiliates acted as a white knight on our behalf and saved us from being the victims of a hostile takeover.我們的一家分公司充當了我們公司的救星，使我們免遭敵意兼并。計算機·Computer 172.abort ：異常中止

To cancel or end a program or procedure while it is in progress.取消或終止正在運行的程序或過程 We decided to abort the program.我們決定中止這項程序。173.access ：訪問，存取

The locating and/or obtaining of desired data.查找和/或獲取所需數據

Only authorized personnel can access these computer files.只有經過授權的人才可以訪問這些計算機文件。174.artificial intelligence(AI)：人工智能 21 The branch of computer science that deals with using computers to simulate human thinking and to perform functions normally associated with human intelligence.計算機科學的一個分支，研究如何使用電腦模仿人的思維，并執行一些通常與人類智能有關的功能。Artificial intelligence has been the focus of much hype since the early 1980s and is widely expected to be achieved in the 21st century.自從80年代初以來，人工智能一直被大量宣傳。人們普遍認為在21世紀人工智能將獲得成功。175.backup copy ：備份

A copy of a current file made in order to protect against loss or damage.為防止當前文件的丟失或損壞而另存儲的一份。Did you make a backup copy of that file? 那份文件你有備份吧？ 176.batch ：批（處理）

A group of records or transactions that can be processed together.可以一塊處理的一組記錄或事務。I've gotta finish this batch by tomorrow.明天之前我必須做完這批處理。177.boot(up)：啟動

To start up a computer, making it ready to operate.打開電腦使之可以運行。

Just a minute, I'm waiting for my computer to boot up.等會兒，我正等我的電腦啟動起來。178.bug ：錯誤，故障

A mistake or malfunction that can occur in a computer program.電腦程序可能出現的錯誤或故障。

For some reason, we've been experiencing some bugs in this particular program.不知什么原因，這個特定程序總有錯誤。179.canned software ：軟件包

Programs prepared by computer manufacturers that are in ready to use form and can used by many business and individuals.由電腦生產商準備好的可供公司或個人即買即用的程序。

WordPefect 6.0 is one of the newest items of canned software on the market.WordPefect6.0是市場上銷售的軟件包中最新的一款軟件。180.character ：字符

Any symbol, digit, letter, etc.that is stored or processed by a computer.由電腦存儲、處理的任何符號、數字、字母等。

An optical scanner can actually read characters and transfer them to the monitor screen of a computer.光學掃描儀能讀出字符，并將其轉換到電腦顯示屏上。181.clones ：克隆，仿制品

A term used to describe a product that is a copy of another one, such as a computer clone.指以其他產品為范本復制出來的產品。

In the new global economy, there are dozens of computer clones on the market.在經濟全球化的今天，市場上有幾十種電腦仿制品。182.coding ：編碼

The writing of a list of computer instructions causing it to perform specific functions and operations.22 編寫一系列計算機的指令，使之執行特定功能和操作。We are currently recoding all the computers in our office.我們現在正為辦公室的所有計算機重新編碼。183.computerese ：計算機行話 Slang for computer jargon.計算機專業術語的俚稱。Are you fluent in computerese? 你對計算機行話熟悉嗎？

184.computernik ：計算機專家，計算機迷

Slang for a person who spends a lot of time using computers.俚語，指長時間使用電腦的人。

John hangs around with all the computernik.約翰同許多計算機機專家有來往。185.crash ：（系統）崩潰

A system shutdown caused by a hardware or software malfunction.由硬件、軟件故障導致系統的關閉。Our system just crashed.我們的系統剛才崩潰了。186.data leakage ： 數據丟失

The illegal removal of data from a computer.非法移動電腦中的數據。

We’ve had no data leakage problems since we’ve installed our new security program.自從安裝新的保密程序后，我們的電腦沒有出現數據丟失的問題。187.dot matrix ： 點陣（打印）

Forming letters or characters from dots, as opposed to type.通過輸出點來形成字母或字符，這和（傳統的）打字相反。

Dot matrix printers are being phased out and replaced by printers that can produce clean type.點陣式打印機正被淘汰，并為高清晰度打印機所取代。188.downtime ： 故障停機時間

The length of time a computer is “down” because of a malfunction.由于故障而使電腦停機的時間。

Sorry, you’ll have to come back later – the computers are down.抱歉，你待等會兒再來，我們的電腦出故障了。How much downtime did we log last month? 我們上個月的故障停機時間有多長？ 189.info highway ： 信息高速公路

The flow of TV and cable channels that will allow individuals to access a revolutionary variety of entertainment, news, communications, home-shopping, etc.電視和電訊通道的信息傳輸，這些信息通道讓個人獲得大量的娛樂、新聞、通訊服務和在家購物等，其種類令人目不暇接。

Time Magazine featured a cover devoted to the new info highway in early 1993.1993年初，《時代周刊》刊載了一篇封面文章，專門介紹信息高速公路。190.infomaion overload ： 信息充塞

A condition characterized by an excess of messages demanding attention, which leads to confusion and a loss of 23 efficiency.需要關注的信息內容過多的狀況，這種狀況導致混亂和效率的降低。Most of us are suffering from information overload in the 1990s.在90年代我們大多數人都受害于信息充塞。191.information revolution ：信息革命

A condition characterized by an excess of message demanding attention, which leads to confusion and a loss of efficiency.需要關注的信息內容過多的狀況，這種狀況導致混亂和效率的降低。192.ink-jet printer ：噴墨打印機

An output device that prints by spraying a thin stream of ink onto the paper.一種通過噴射細墨水流到紙上的打印裝置。What brand of ink-jet printer do you use? 你用的是什么牌子的噴墨打印機？

193.knowledge engineering ：知識工程學

The scientific study of integrating knowledge into computer systems to solve complex problems that would usually require human expertise.一科學領域，主要研究如何將知識合成到電腦系統中以解決通常需要專門知識才能解決的復雜問題。The next generation of computers will integrate knowledge engineering into their programming in order to solve complex problems in a way that more closely resembles human reasoning.下一代計算機將會把知識工程學融合到其程序中，以便用一種近似人類思維的方法來解決復雜問題。194.pixel ：象素

The smallest display picture element on a video display screen.在顯示屏上所顯示圖像的最小顯示元素。The display screen of a computer contains thousands of tiny pixels that convey the images on the computer screen.電腦顯示屏上有千千萬萬個象素，這些元構成了屏幕上的圖像。195.software piracy ：軟件盜版

The duplication of commercial software without permission from the developer.未經開發商許可復制商業軟件的侵權行為。

The XYZ company used international lawyers to prosecute a crime ring involving software piracy in Taiwan.某某公司聘請國際律師起訴臺灣的一個涉嫌軟件盜版的犯罪團伙。196.superconductor ：超導體

Material that has almost no resistance to the flow of electricity.對電流幾乎沒有阻力的材料。

The new technology of superconductors has advanced the world of communications by allowing more information to be sent in a much faster manner.超導體技術可以使更多的信息以快得多的速度傳輸，從而促進了通信業的發展。197.telecommuting ：居家辦公，遠程上班

Working at home and using a computer to communicate and interact with the office.使用電腦同辦公室保持通訊聯絡，從而實現在家辦公。

More and more people are now telecommuting one or more days a week as opposed to going to the office everyday.與以前每天去辦公室上班不同，現在越來越多的人每周一天或幾天在家辦公。198.touch screen ：觸摸屏

A computer that can be given commands by touching its display screen in the appropriate locations.一種電腦的屏幕，使用者可以觸摸其適當的位置而對電腦發出指令。

Some restaurants have provided touch screen computers to enable their customers to order food via the computer without to tell someone.24 199.user-friendly ：方便用戶的

Hardware or software that is designed to help people become familiar with their computer by simple, easy-to-follow instructions.電腦生產廠商所設計的一些硬件和軟件，可讓用戶通過一些簡單易學的指令來熟悉其電腦。Computers must be user-friendly in order to be accepted by the public.要讓公眾接受，電腦必須讓用戶感到方便。200.Virus ：病毒

Coded directions in software that can erase or replace files and operating software in a computer.A computer virus can sit undetected in a computer until it's automatically activated, as when computer's clock strikes a certain date.軟件中的密碼指令，它可刪除、轉換電腦中的文件以及操作軟件。電腦病毒會隱藏在電腦中不被發現，當電腦時鐘指向某一日期它會被自動激活。犯罪 · Crime 201.accomplice ： 同案犯

Any person who takes part in a crime.參與犯罪的每個人。

Tony was found to be an accomplice in the crime.人們發現托尼是該案的同案犯。202.adult business district ： 紅燈區

A neighborhood zoned for pornographic bookstores and movie theaters, striptease bars, etc.劃定的街區，作為開設色情書店、影院、脫衣舞場等的場所。Police are constantly arresting people over in the adult business district.警察常在紅燈區拘捕人犯。203.agricrime ： 農業犯罪

Sort for agricultural crime.The theft of crops and /or farm equipment.“agricultural crime”的縮寫詞，偷盜莊稼和/或農場設備的犯罪。Farmers are losing thousands of dollars each year due to agricrime.每年農業犯罪給農場主造成了成千上萬美元的損失。204.armed robbery ：武裝搶劫

The act of using a deadly weapon when raking or attempting to take property form another person or party.奪取或試圖奪取他人或他方財物時使用致命武器的犯罪行為。Did you read about the armed robbery in this morning’s paper? 今早的報紙上報道了這次武裝搶劫，你讀了嗎？ 205.arrest warrant ： 逮捕證

A document that orders the arrest of an individual who has been accused with a crime.對被指控犯罪的某人實施搜捕的文件。

The court issued an arrest warrant on the suspect.法庭對這個嫌疑人發出了逮捕證。206.arson ： 縱火

The crime of intentionally destroying property by the use of fire.故意放火毀壞財產的犯罪。

Police think the fire that burned down the old warehouse was an act of arson.警察懷疑這座倉庫的大火是縱火行為所致。207.assassin ： 暗殺 25 A murderer.A person who sets out to kill someone, esp.a prominent person.謀殺者。密謀殺害他人，特別是一位杰出人物的兇手。

Police are still looking for the assassin of the president candidate.警方仍在追查暗殺總統候選人的兇手。208.assault ： 襲擊

The act of attempting or threatening to harm another person.試圖傷害或威脅要傷害他人的行為。

Mr.Green was assaulted while he was walking on 25th street.格林先生在第25大街行走的時候受到襲擊。209.attack dog ： 攻擊犬

A canine dog that has been trained to attack burglars, etc.一種經過訓練的狼犬，用來攻擊竊賊等。

The officer’s attack dog has saved his life many times.這位警察的攻擊犬多次救了主人的命。210.back-alley butcher ： 卑鄙的屠夫 Slang for abortionist.俚語，給人施行流產手術的人。

Demonstrators picked an abortion clinic with signs that said “back-alley” butcher.示威者將一家流產診所用標語牌圍起來，牌子上寫著”卑鄙的屠夫”。211.bail ： 保釋金

Money that is deposited with a court in order to secure the release of a defendant while awaiting trial.存放在法庭的一定數量的保證金，以使被告在候審期間獲得釋放。Frank’s wife came down to the police station to bail him out.弗蘭克的妻子到警察局將他保釋出來。212.ballistics ： 彈道學

The science of firearms and the study of the motion of bullets.研究火器及子彈運動的科學。

A ballistics expert was taking evidence at the scene of the crime.一位彈道學家正在犯罪現場提取證據。213.blackmail ： 敲詐，勒索

The act of threatening to reveal personal information, esp.sexual scandals, in order to extract money.以揭露隱私特別是性丑聞為威脅手段以謀取錢財的行為。Linda was involved in a blackmail scandal of the mayor.林達涉嫌敲詐市長的丑聞。214.black market ： 黑市

A market place where illegal or hard-to-get items are sold or where money is illegal exchanged.非法或緊俏物資的銷售點，或者非法換匯的地方。Gangs are buying assault weapons on the black market.黑幫總在黑市購買攻擊性武器。215.blood money ： 血腥錢

Money that is paid as retribution for injury, loss of life, vandalism, etc.為他人受傷、喪命、損壞財產而付出的酬金。The mafia paid blood money to have that man killed.黑手黨拿出血腥錢將那人殺了。26 216.body bag ： 裝尸袋

A heavy-duty bag that is used to contain a corpse.一種結實的用來裝運尸體的袋子。

The officer warmed the man to drop his gun or “end up in a body bag.” 警察警告那人放下武器，否則必死無疑。217.bomb squad ： 爆破小組

A team of police who are specially-trained to remove and deactivate bombs.經專門訓練，從事排除和拆卸炸彈的一支警察隊伍。The bomb squad was called in to deactivate the car bomb.有關部門請來爆破小組拆除這枚汽車炸彈。218.bootlegging ： 販賣違禁品

The illegal distribution of items such as alcohol, drugs, firearms, etc.非法銷售物品如酒類、毒品、槍支等。

Three Mexicans were arrested for bootlegging firearms across the border.三名墨西哥人因越境販賣槍支而被捕。219.break-in ： 非法闖入 A burglar 入室盜竊

It looks like you are the victim of a break-in.看起來，你是入室盜竊的受害者。220.bribery ： 行賄受賄

The act of offering, giving, or taking bribes.贈送，提供，或接受賄金的行為。

The congressman resigned after having been found guilty of bribery.這位議員被證實犯有行賄受賄罪后辭職了。221.bucket shop ： 投機商號

(Also called “telephone boiler room.”)An office that is used to promote worthless land or securities by mail or through telemarketing.(也被稱為”電話交易所”)通過郵件或電話營銷來推銷荒地或垃圾證券的地點。Crooks across the country are using bucket shops to scam older people.全國各地的騙子都利用投機商號來欺騙老年人。222.bug ： 竊聽

To use electronic listening devices to listen in on the conversations of others.使用電子收聽裝置來偷聽他人的談話。This office has been bugged.這間辦公室已被竊聽。223.bum rap ： 錯捕 An unmerited arrest 不應實施的逮捕。

Steve served six months jail time on a bum rap.史迪夫因錯捕而受了6個月的監禁。224.burglary ： 入室盜竊

The act of breaking into a home, building, etc.with the intent to steal from it.闖入民宅、建筑物等，企圖偷盜的行為。27 Burglaries in our town have been on the upswing.我們小城里的入室盜竊案一直在上升。225.car bangers ： 汽車竊賊

Thieves who steal form automobiles.從汽車里偷東西的賊。

Police caught the car bangers in the act.警方將這些汽車竊賊當場抓獲。226.career criminal ： 職業罪犯

A person who makes a living from crime.以犯罪為生的人。

John was a career criminal until the day he got caught in the home of a policeman.約翰是位職業罪犯，直到一天他在一個警察家里被抓獲。227.child abuse ： 虐待兒童

The physical and verbal mistreatment of children.對兒童進行身體上和言語上的虐待。

The most unnerving thing about child abuse is the number of cases that go unreported.有關虐待兒童方面最讓人不安的事情是大量的此類行為沒有報道。228.chop shop ： 地下拆車廠

A shop where criminals take apart stolen cars and sell the parts.犯罪分子將所盜汽車拆成零件并銷售出去的窩點。

I watched a news program that tracked chop shops across the country.我收看了一個追蹤全國地下拆車點的電視節目。229.cocaine ： 可卡因 A powerful stimulant drug.一種有強力興奮作用的毒品。

What is the street value of a pound of cocaine? 一磅可卡因市值多少？

230.computer cleaner ： 消除財務信息的電腦黑客

A person who, for a price, clean computer files of unfavorable financial credit information of others.將反映他人財物信用赤字的計算機文件抹去以獲取報酬的人員。Computer cleaners cost companies and financial institutions million of dollars every year.消除財務信息的電腦黑客每年給公司和金融機構造成百萬元計的損失。231.con artist ： 行騙高手

A person who is skilled at convincing others of believing in fraudulent schemes.擅于蒙騙并使人進入騙局的人。Bob makes his living as a con artist.鮑勃是位行騙高手，并以行騙為生。232.con game ： 騸局 Any fraudulent scheme 任何騙人的把戲。

My grandparents got burned in a con game.我的祖父母曾上過騙子的當。233.convict ： 囚犯

A person found guilty of a felony and confined in a prison.28 被判有重罪并羈于獄中的人。Mr.Welch is an ex-convict.韋爾奇先生從前是囚犯。234.counterfeit ： 偽造

To illegally reproduce a copy of money, postage stamps, bonds, etc.非法印造錢幣、郵票、證券等。

Police busted up a counterfeiting racket in Miami last week.上周警方搗毀了邁阿密的一個偽造團伙。235.credit-card fraud ： 信用卡欺詐

The attempted use of a credit to obtain goods or services with the intention of avoiding payment.企圖使用信用卡獲取貨物或服務，并故意逃避付款。That woman is wanted in 5 states for credit-card fraud.那位婦女因信用卡欺詐而被5個州通緝。236.crime of passion ： 激情犯罪；沖動犯罪

Murder that resulted form the infidelity of a lover;Murder committed in the heat of rage.由于情人的不忠而導致的謀殺；暴怒驅使的殺人行為。

Crimes of passion seem to be popular material for TV infotainment programs.沖動殺人似乎是娛樂性新聞節目受歡迎的題材。237.Crime rate ： 犯罪率

The number of reported crimes per specified number of the population.每一定人數中發生的犯罪數量。

Which state has the highest crime rate in the U.S.? 在美國，哪個州的犯罪率最高？ 238.criminal ： 犯罪

A person who has violated a criminal law.觸犯刑法的人。

We are placing your son in criminal detention.我們對你兒子實行刑事拘留。239.date rape ： 約會強奸

A rape that is committed by a woman’s date.由女性的約會對象實施的強奸。

Date rape is the last thing that a young girl should have to worry about.約會強奸是年輕女子最不用害怕的事。240.deadly weapon ： 致命武器

Any object, or instrument that is capable of being used to kill.任何可以用以殺人致命的物體、器具。

It is against the law to carry a concealed deadly weapon.秘密攜帶致命武器是違法的。241.death penalty ：死刑

Punishment by death, that is imposed in a legal manner.以合法的形式剝奪罪犯生命的一種懲罰。

Three men have received the death penalty so far this year.今年已有三個被判死刑。

242.death row ： 死囚牢房 29 A cell block reserved for convicts awaiting execution.特別為等待處決的死刑犯設置的牢房。

This convicted killer has been on death row for 15 years.這位被判決死刑的殺人犯住在死囚牢房已15年了。243.defendant ： 被告

A person who has been charged with a crime 被指控犯有罪行的人。

The court found the defendant guilty of murder.法庭判定被告犯有謀殺罪。

244.domestic violence ： 家庭暴力

Violence toward a family member, including child abuse or wife beating.對家庭成員施加的暴力，包括虐待兒童和毆打妻子。

Domestic violence is one of the most dangerous calls that a law enforcement officer has to make.家庭暴力是執法官最難應付的案件之一。245.drug abuse ： 吸毒

The excessive and compulsive use of drugs to the point of damaging one’s health.強迫性過量使用毒品，以致損害身體。

It was obvious to see by looking at the needle marks on her arms that the young girl was a victim of drug abuse.從她臂上針扎的痕跡來看，很明顯，這位年輕女子是吸毒的受害者。246.drug king(czar)： 毒梟

The person who controls the production, transportation and selling of drug in an area.控制某一地區的毒品地區生產、運輸和銷售的頭號人物。

After two years of using an undercover operation, the FBI finally arrested the Cuban drug king.經過兩年的秘密行動，聯邦調查局終于逮捕了這位古巴毒梟。247.drunk driving ： 酒后駕駛

Driving while under the influence of alcohol.在受酒精影響的狀態下開車。

This is your second drunk driving offense this month.這是你本月第二觸犯次酒后駕駛的禁令。248.edp crimes ： 電腦犯罪

Electronic data-processing crime;criminal offenses committed using computer technology.在電子數據處理方面的犯罪；利用電腦技術進行的犯罪。The IRS investigated hundreds of edp crimes every year.美國國內收入局每年都要調查數以百計的電腦犯罪。249.embezzlement ： 貪污

The illegal misappropriation of funds entrusted to one’s care.將由自己保管的資金非法據為已有。

We have never had a problem with embezzlement at this bank.我們這家銀行從沒發生過貪污案件。250.first-degree murder ： 一級謀殺案 Premeditated murder.事先策劃好的謀殺。

The man was changed with first-degree murder in the death of his lover’s husband.這位男子其情人的丈夫死亡案中被指控犯有一級謀殺罪。30 251.forensic medicine ： 法醫學

The use of medicine in solving legal problems.利用醫學解決法律問題。

Many crimes could not be solved without using forensic medicine.沒有法醫學，很多犯罪案件無法結案。252.forgery ：偽造

The act of creating a document, either written or printed, with the intent to defraud.Forgery also covers counterfeiting, or producing fake signatures, works of art, etc.以欺騙為目的而仿制手寫或印刷文件的行為。偽造還包括制假錢幣、仿冒簽名和藝術品等。253.gamble ： 賭博

To bet or wager money on games of chance, races, etc.在概率類游戲或比賽中打賭或下注。

Burt lost $ 3000 gambling in Las Vegas over the weekend.伯特周末在拉斯維加斯賭博輸了3000美元。254.gang ： 黑幫

A group of people organized to achieve some common goal.Gangs are often involved in drugs, violence, money lending, prostitution, etc.為達到某種共同目的而組織起來的一群人。黑幫常常涉嫌毒品、暴力、高利貸和賣淫等。Gangs often have automatic weapons more powerful than the police in many large U.S.cities.在美國的許多城市里，黑幫常配備有自動武器，其火力強于警方。255.hijack ： 劫持

To seize control of an airplane, boat, automobile, etc.強行控制飛機、船只、車輛等。Terrorist just hijacked a plane to Cuba.恐怖分子剛剛動持了一架飛往古巴的飛機。256.hit-and-run ：肇事逃逸

An automobile accident in which the driver fails to stop and identify himself or herself.The term “hit-and-run” may also be applied to such a driver.指一起汽車事故中，肇事司機不停車，且不亮明自己身份。該詞也可以指肇事逃逸司機。I was a victim of a hit-and-run accident on Monday.周一發生了一起肇事逃逸案，我是其中的受害者。257.hold-up ： 持槍搶劫

The act of robbing someone at gunpoint.持槍相威脅，搶奪他人財物的行為。

There was a hold-up at the bank over on 2nd street.在第二大街的銀行里發生了一起搶劫案。258.homcide ： 殺人，他殺 The act of killing someone.殺死他人的行為。

Police are investigating the homicide of a prostitute.警方正在調查一起妓女被殺案件。259.hot wire ：（汽車）電啟動

To electrically start a vehicle without using an ignition key.不用點火鑰匙而用電來發動汽車。31 Seasoned crooks can hot wire a car in seconds.手段高明的竊賊可在幾秒鐘內用電啟動來發動汽車。260.impulse crime ： 沖動犯罪

Crimes such as shoplifting, raping, vandalizing, etc.that are done on an impulse.在沖動之下所犯的罪行，如商店扒竊、強奸、損壞公物等。261.juvenile delinquency ： 青少年犯罪 Criminal behavior by adolescents and children.少年和兒童的犯罪行為。

Some parents aren’t concerned about juvenile delinquency.一些家長對青少年犯罪漠不關心。262.labor racketeering ： 工會詐騙

Corrupt practices and organized crime that involve organized labor.涉及工會的腐敗行為和團伙犯罪。

The New York union leader was convicted of labor racketeering.紐約的工會領袖被判有工會詐騙罪。263.larceny ： 偷盜

The stealing of another person’s property.偷取別人財產的行為。

Have you over been arrested for larceny? 你有偷盜被捕的經歷嗎？ 264.libel ： 文字誹謗 Written defamation.以文字材料來詆毀他人名聲的行為。

The famous actress is suing the tabloids for libel.這位知名的女演員正以誹謗罪起訴數家通俗小報。265.Mafia ： 黑手黨

A secret society that originated in Italy in the 1860’s.The Mafia now widespread, and is focused on power and profit.19世紀60年代起源于意大利的秘密團體。現在黑手黨勢力廣為分布，專門從事擴張勢力、牟取錢財。The “Godfather” is a story about the powerful mafia families in New York.電影《教父》就是有關紐約黑手黨的豪門大戶的故事。266.mail fraud ： 郵政詐騙

The using of the mail system to defraud the public.利用郵政系統詐騙公眾的行為。

That mail-order company has been convicted of mail fraud.那家郵購公司被判有郵政詐騙罪。267.manhunt ： 追捕

An organized search to catch a criminal or an escapee.有組織的追蹤、捉拿囚犯、逃犯。

Police have organized a manhunt to capture the escaped convict.警方組織了一次追捕以抓獲那名逃犯。268.mass murderer ： 謀殺多人的兇手 A murderer who kills many people.多條命案的謀殺者；連環殺手。

More and more mass murderers are popping up in the news these days.32 這些天來，新聞里不斷報道謀殺多人的兇手。269.money laundering ： 洗錢

The act of concealing the source of funds for the purpose of tax evasion and fraud.為達到逃稅和欺騙的目的而隱瞞資金來源的行為。This restaurant is just a front for money laundering.這家餐館僅僅是洗錢的掩護所。

270.mule ： 挾帶毒品者，販運私貨的人

A person used to transport drugs or contraband from one place to another.被用來從一地到另一地運送毒品或違禁品的人。

Security officials in airports are finding an astounding number of people who are being used as mules.機場的安檢人員發現數目十分龐大的旅客充當販運私貨的人。271.organized crime ： 集團犯罪

A term used to describe underworld societies such as the Mafia who deal in crimes such as gambling, narcotics, and prostitution.黑手黨之類的黑社會組織所進行的犯罪，如賭博、販毒、賣淫等活動。This company is associated with an east-coast organized syndicate.這家公司同東海岸的一個犯罪集團有聯系。272.parole ： 假釋

A conditional release of an offender from confinement before the expiration of his or her sentence.The offender is usually placed under the guidance of a parole officer.囚犯在服刑期滿前有條件地釋放出來，但必須置 于假釋官的督導之下。The victim’s family is nervous that the offender is up for parole.受害者家屬很緊張，因為罪犯即將獲得假釋。273.penitentiary ： 監獄，勞改所

A maximum-security facility designed to detain prisoners serving long sentences.Lee is serving his sentence down at the penitentiary.李正在監獄服刑。274.perjury ： 偽證

The crime of willingly giving false information while under oath.在法庭上立誓之后故意提供虛假證詞的犯罪行為。

If you lie while you are under oath, you can be found guilty of perjury.如果立誓之后還撒謊，你可能被判偽證罪。275.pickpocket ： 扒手

A thief who is skilled in stealing items from other people’s pockets.擅于從別人口袋里偷取物品的竊賊。

I had my wallet stolen by a pickpocket while I was on the subway.今天乘地鐵時我的錢包讓扒手偷了。276.pilice brutality ： 警察暴力

The act of using excessive physical force by police or other law enforcement officers.警察或其他執法人員過多使用體罰的行為。

The infamous Rodney King beating in L.A.showed the public at how rampant police brutality is.發生在洛杉磯的不光彩的羅德尼·金毒打案向公眾展示了警察暴行是多少猖狂。277.police corruption ： 警察腐敗

The misuse of police power in return for favors of gain.33 警察濫用權力以換取好處和利益。

The mayor is working to put an end to police corruption in this city.市長正致力于肅清本市的警察腐敗。278.pornoshop ： 色情商店

A shop or bookstore that sells pornographic materials.出售色情物品的商店。

The local pornshop has been shut down form selling materials to minors.當地的色情商店因向未成年人出售色情物品而被關閉。279.prison break ： 越獄

An escape from prison involving violence by one or more prisoners.一個或多個囚犯使用暴力從監獄逃跑。

Two guards and two inmates were killed in a prison break in Texas, yesterday.昨天在得克薩斯州發生一起越獄案，兩名衛兵和兩名囚犯被殺死。280.property crime ： 財產犯罪 Auto theft, burglary, larceny, etc.偷汽車、入室盜竊、偷盜等。

This section of town has been plagued with property crimes.這個城區的財產犯罪很猖獗。

291.serial killer ：系列命案的殺手，連環殺手

A murder who commits a series of killings, usually with distinct similarities in the murders.制造多起命案的兇手，其作案手段通常有明顯相似之處。

Doesn't it seems a little inappropriate to put serial killers on trading cards.將系列命案的兇手印在商業卡片上是不是有些不合適？ 292.sin tax ：罪孽稅

Tax that is imposed on cigarettes, liquor, gambling, etc.對香煙、精、賭博等開征的稅收。

Many people complain about the sin tax in Utah.許多人抱怨猶他州過高的罪孽稅。293.skid row ：貧民街，貧民窟

A rundown section of a city characterized by drunkards living on the street.城市的破舊區域，常見到許多酒鬼露宿街頭。

After his divorce, Mike became a drunk down on skid row.離婚之后，邁克爾淪落為貧民街的酒鬼。294.slush fund ：賄金

Money that is used to bribe public politicians and other influential officials 用來賄賂知名政客或其他有影響力的官員的資金。Lobbyists use slush fund to bribe public officials.院外集團的說客用賄金拉攏政府官員。295.statutory rape ：法定強奸罪

Sexual intercourse with a female who has consented, but who is legally incapable of consent because she is underage.與未成年女子發生的性行為，雖經其本人同意，但法律規定其尚未成年，不具備表達同意意愿的能力。What is the penalty for statutory rape? 對法定強奸罪的懲罰是什么？ 296.suicide pact ：自殺合約 34 An agreement between two or more persons to commit suicide together.一起自殺的兩者或多者之間的協定。

The whole high school was shocked at the news of the two classmates who killed themselves in a suicide pact.兩個同班同學訂立自殺合約并自殺身亡的消息使整個學校感到震驚。297.suicide season ：自殺季節

The Christmas season when many lonely people feel isolated and take their own lives.指圣誕節期間，許多人孤獨不堪而自殺。December is without question, the suicide season.十二月無疑是自殺季節。298.tax evasion ：逃稅

The illegal attempt by a taxpayer to avoid paying his or her taxes.納稅人企圖逃避納稅的非法行為。

Bill was found guilty of tax evasion and owes the IRS over $60,000 in back taxes.比爾被判逃稅罪，他現在仍欠國內收入局六萬多美元的滯納稅金。299.vandalism ：故意毀壞

The defacement or destruction of public or private property.損壞或破壞公私財產的行為。

Vandalism is a major problem in inner city schools.故意毀壞財物的的行為是市內學校的一個嚴重問題。300.vice squad ：警察緝捕隊

Plain clothes policeman who work undercover to detect crime.隱蔽調查犯罪的便衣警察。

Sean has been a member of the vice squad for nine years.西恩在緝捕隊工作已經9年了。301.vigilante ：治安維持會

A person or group who takes the responsibility of a law enforcement officer into their won hands.承擔執法人員維持治安責任的個人和群體。

The subway vigilante in New York was in the media for weeks.紐約地鐵治安維持會幾周來受到了媒體的關注。302.war crime ：戰爭犯罪

Crimes that violate the customs and laws of war.違犯戰爭法律和戰爭習慣的犯罪。

The retired officer was found guilty of war crimes when evidence was uncovered during a recent investigation.在最近的一次調查中發現的證據證明這位退休軍官曾有戰爭犯罪。303.white-collar crime ：白領犯罪

Crimes committed by persons in businesses including expense-account padding, stealing office supplies, price-fixing, product fraud, etc.公司職員的犯罪，包括虛報開支、偷盜辦公用品、私定價格、產品欺詐等。

Businesses are losing millions of dollars, and products are more expensive due to white-collar crime.由于白領犯罪，企業界每年損失數百萬美元，產品也因之更貴。35

第三篇：英語報刊常用詞匯

報刊常用詞匯

accredited journalist 特派記者

advertisement 廣告

advance 預發消息；預寫消息

affair（e）桃色新聞；緋聞

anecdote 趣聞軼事

assignment 采寫任務

attribution 消息出處，消息來源

back alley news 小道消息

back grounding 新聞背景

Bad news travels quickly.壞事傳千里

banner 通欄標題

beat 采寫范圍

blank vat.“開天窗”

body 新聞正文

boil 壓縮（篇幅）

box 花邊新聞

brief 簡訊

bulletin 新聞簡報

byline 署名文章

caption 圖片說明

caricature 漫畫

carry 刊登

cartoon 漫畫

censor 審查，新聞審查

chart 每周流行音樂排行版

clipping 剪報

column 專欄；欄目

columnist 專欄作家

continued story 連載故事；連載小說

contributing editor 特約編輯

contribution 稿件；投稿

contributor 投稿人

copy desk 新聞編輯部

copy editor 文字編輯

correction 更正（啟事）

correspondence column 讀者來信專欄

correspondent 駐外記者；駐外埠記者

cover 采訪；采寫

cover girl 封面女郎

covert coverage 隱性采訪；秘密采訪

crop 剪輯（圖片）

crusade 宣傳攻勢

cut 插圖；刪減（字數）

cut line 插圖說明

daily 日報

dateline 新聞電頭

deadline 截稿時間

dig 深入采訪；追蹤(線索)

digest 文摘

editorial 社論

editorial office 編輯部

editor’s notes 編者按

exclusive 獨家新聞

expose 揭丑新聞；新聞曝光

extra 號外

eye-account 目擊記;記者見聞

faxed photo 傳真照片

feature 特寫；專稿

feedback 信息反饋

file 發送消息；發稿

filler 補白

First Amendment(美國憲法)第一修正案

five “W’s” of news 新聞五要素

flag 報頭；報名

fool(=follow-up)連續報道

Fourth Estate 第四等級(新聞界的別稱)

freedom of the Press 新聞自由

free-lancer 自由撰稿人

full position 醒目位置

grapevine 小道消息

gutter 中縫

hard news 硬新聞；純消息

headline 新聞標題；內容提要

hearsay 小道消息

highlights 要聞

hot news 熱點新聞

human interest 人情味

in-depth reporting 深度報道

insert 插補段落；插稿

interpretative reporting 解釋性報道

invasion of privacy 侵犯隱私(權)

inverted pyramid 倒金字塔(寫作結構)

investigative reporting 調查性報道

journalism 新聞業；新聞學

journalist 新聞記者

kill 退棄(稿件)

layout 版面編排；版面設計

lead 導語

libel 誹謗(罪)makeup 版面設計

man of the year 風云人物

mass communication 大眾傳播(學)mass media 大眾傳播媒介

master head 報頭；報名

media 媒介，媒體

Mere report is not enough to go upon．僅是傳聞不足為憑．

morgue 報刊資料室

news agency 通訊社

news clue 新聞線索

news peg 新聞線索，新聞電頭

newsprint 新聞紙

news value 新聞價值

No news is good news．沒有消息就是好消息；不聞兇訊便是吉。

nose for news 新聞敏感

obituary 訃告

objectivity 客觀性

off the record 不宜公開報道

opinion poll 民意測驗

periodical 期刊

pipeline 匿名消息

popular paper 大眾化報紙；通俗報紙

press 報界；新聞界

press conference 新聞發布會；記者招待臺

press law 新聞法

press release 新聞公告；新聞簡報

PR man 公關先生

profile 人物專訪；人物特寫

proofreader 校對員

pseudo event 假新聞

quality paper 高級報紙；嚴肅報紙

quarterly 季刊

readability 可讀性

reader’s interest 讀者興越

reject 退棄(稿件)

remuneration 稿費；稿酬

reporter 記者

rewrite 改寫(稿件)，改稿

round-up 綜合消息

scandal 丑聞

scoop “搶”(新聞)n．獨家新聞

sensational 具有轟動效應的

sex scandal 桃色新聞

sidebar 花絮新聞

slant 主觀報道；片面報道

slink ink “爬格子” soft news 軟新聞

source 新聞來源；消息靈通人士

spike “槍斃”(稿件)stone 拼版

story 消息；稿件；文章

stringer 特約記者；通訊員

subhead 小標題；副標題

supplement 號外；副刊；增刊

suspended interest 懸念

thumbnail “豆腐干”(文章)timeliness 時效性；時新性

tip 內幕新聞；秘密消息

trim 刪改(稿件)

update 更新(新聞內容)watchdog 輿論監督

weekly 周報

wire service 通訊社

Good news comes on crutches.好事不出門。

第四篇：英語報刊常用術語

英語報刊常用術語

? accredited journalist n.特派記者

advertisement n．廣告 ．

advance n．預發消息；預寫消息 affair(s)n．桃色新聞；緋聞

anecdote n．趣聞軼事

assignment n．采寫任務

attribution n.消息出處，消息來源 back alley news n.小道消息

back grounding n．新聞背景

Bad news travels quickly.壞事傳千里。banner n．通欄標題

beat n． 采寫范圍

blank vt.“開天窗”

body n.新聞正文

boil vt．壓縮(篇幅)

box n.花邊新聞

brief n.簡訊

? bulletin n．新聞簡報

byline n.署名文章

? caption n．圖片說明

caricature n．漫畫

carry vt．刊登

cartoon n．漫畫

censor vt.審查(新聞稿件)，新聞審查 chart n． 每周流行音樂排行版

clipping n．剪報

? column n．專欄；欄目

columnist n．專欄作家

continued story 連載故事;連載小說 contributing editor 特約編輯

contribution n．(投給報刊的)稿件;投稿 contributor n．投稿人

copy desk n．新聞編輯部

copy editor n．文字編輯

correction n．更正(啟事)

? correspondence column讀 者來信專欄

correspondent n.駐外記者；常駐外埠記者 ? cover vt．采訪;采寫

covergirl n.封面女郎

covert coverage 隱性采訪;秘密采訪 crop vt．剪輯(圖片)

crusade n．宣傳攻勢

cut n． 插圖 vt．刪減(字數)

cutline n．插圖說明

daily n． 日報

dateline n．新聞電頭

deadline n．截稿時間

dig vt． 深入采訪；追蹤(新聞線索)； “挖”（? exclusive n．獨家新聞

expose n．揭丑新聞；新聞曝光

extra n． 號

? eye-account n．目擊記;記者見 聞

faxed photo 傳真照片

feature n．特寫；專稿

feedback n．信息反饋

file n． 發送消息；發稿

filler n．補白

First Amendment(美國憲法)第一修 正案(內容有關新聞、出版自由等)

five “W‘s” of news 新 聞五要素

flag n． 報頭;報名

folo(=follow-up)n．連續報道

Fourth Estate 第四等級(新聞界的 別稱)

freedom of the Press 新 聞自由

free-lancer n．自由撰稿人

full position 醒目位置

Good news comes on crutches.好事不出門。

grapevine n．小道消息。秘密情報網，葡萄藤

? gutter n．中縫、開溝

? hard news 硬新聞;純消息

headline n．新聞標題；內容提要

hearsay n．小道消息

highlights n.要聞

hot news 熱點新聞

human interest 人情味

ib-depth reporting 深度報道

insert n.& vt．插補段落;插 稿

interpretative reporting 解釋性報道

invasion of privacy 侵犯隱私(權)

inverted pyramid 倒金字塔(寫作結構)

investigative reporting 調查性報道

? journaslism n．新聞業;新聞學

journalist n．新聞記者

kill vt．退棄(稿件)；槍斃(稿件)

? layout n．版面編排；版面設計

lead n．導語

libel n.誹謗(罪)

makeup n.版面設計

man of the year 新聞人物，風云人物

mass communication 大眾傳播(學)

mass media 大眾傳播媒介

masterhead n．報頭;報名

media n.媒介，媒體

Mere report is not enough to go upon．僅是傳聞不足 為憑．

morgue n．報刊資料室

news agency 通訊社

news clue 新聞線索

news peg 新聞線索，新聞電頭

newsprint n．新聞紙

news value 新聞價值

No news is good news．沒有消息就是好消息；不聞兇訊便是吉。

nose for news 新聞敏感

obituary n．訃告

objectivity n．客觀性

off the record 不宜公開報道

opinion poll 民意瀏驗

periodical n．期刊

pipeline n．匿名消息來源

popular paper 大眾化報紙；通俗報紙

press n．報界；新聞界

press conference 新聞發布會;記者招待臺

press law 新聞法

press release 新聞公告;新聞簡報

PR man 公關先生

profile n.人物專訪；人物特寫

proofreader n．校對員

pseudo event 假新聞

quality paper 高級報紙；嚴肅報紙

quarterly n．季刊

readability n．可讀性

? proofreader n．校對員

pseudo event 假新聞

quality paper 高級報紙；嚴肅報紙

quarterly n．季刊

readability n．可讀性

reader‘s interest 讀者興越

reject vt．退棄(稿件)

remuneration n.稿費;稿酬

reporter n．記者

rewrite vt.改寫(稿件)，改稿

round-up n．綜合消息

scandal n．丑聞

scoop vt.“搶”(新聞)n． 獨家新聞

sensational a．聳人聽聞的；具有轟動效應的sex scandal 桃色新聞

? sidebar n．花絮新聞

slant n．主觀報道；片面報道

?

slink ink “爬格子”

softnews 軟新聞

source n．新聞來源；消息靈通人士

spike vt．退棄(稿件)；“槍斃”(稿件)

stone vt．拼版

story n．消息;稿件;文章

stringer n．特約記者;通訊員

subhead n．小標題；副標題

supplement n．號外;副刊;增刊

? suspended interest 懸念

thumbnail n．“豆腐干”(文章)

timeliness n．時效性;時新性

tip n．內幕新聞；秘密消息

trim n.刪改(稿件)

update n．更新(新聞內容)，增強(時效性)

watchdog n.&vt.輿論監督

weekly n．周報

wire service n．通訊社

? PM: Prime Minister(總理,首相)

GM:General Manager(總經理)

VIP:Very Important Person(貴賓,要人)

CEO:Chief Executive Officer(執行總監)

OPEC:Organization of the PetroleumExportingCountries;

NATO:North Atlantic Treaty Organization;

WHO:World Health Organization;

EU:European Union;

IOC:International Olympics Committee等

? Aussie=Australian（澳大利亞的）OZ

?Bn=billion（十億）

biz=business（商業）champ=champion（冠軍）

? Cig= cigarette（香煙）con=convict（罪犯）

expo=exposition（博覽會）homo=homosexual（同性戀）

? Hosp= hospital（醫院lib=liberation（解放）

? grad= graduate（畢業生）pc= percent（百分比）

? Exam:Examination;Vets:Veterans;

? Auto:automobile;quake:earthquake;

?gas:gasoline等等

Newseum 新聞博物館

? pro=professional（專業的，職業的）

? rep=representative（代表）

Russ=Russia（俄羅斯）

?Sec=secretary（秘書）

copter=helicoPter（直升機）nat?l=national（全國的）

com?l=commercial（商業的，廣告）

? c?tee=committee（委員會）

C?wealth=Commonwealth（英聯邦）

telly=television（電視機）tech=technology（技術）

pix=pictures（電影）

?vet=veteran（老兵，老手）

vic=victory（勝利）

一些常見諸報端的標題小詞：

? aid=assist（幫助，援助）

?alter=change or modify（改變）

ask=inquire（詢問）assail=denounce（譴責）

axe=dismissreduce（解雇，減少、大幅削減）balk=impede（阻礙、推諉）

? ban=prohibit or forbid（禁止）bar=prevent（防止，阻止）

bare=expose or reveal（暴露，揭露）

?blast=explode（爆炸）

begin=commence（開始）bid=attempt（努力）

bilk=cheat（欺騙）bolt=desert or abandon（放棄）boost=increase（增加，提高）check=examine

? 標題除偏愛使用短小動詞外，還常常選用簡短、字母數少的名詞或名詞詞組。如 ? accord與agreement，aide與assistant，? aim與purpose，rally與amass assembly，? drive與campaign，報端的標題小詞（名詞等），ace=champion（得勝者）

aid=assistance（說明）

blast=explosion（爆炸）

body=committee，commission（委員會）

clash（沖突）=controversy（爭論、論戰）

crash=collision（碰撞，墜毀）

?

? deal=agreement，transaction（協議，交易）

dems=democrats

?（民主主義者，民主人士，<美國>民主黨黨員）

envoy外交使節=ambassador（大使）

?fake假貨=counterfeit（贗品，騙局）

fete=celebration（慶祝<活動>、V。宴請、招待）

? Feud不和、爭執=strong dispute（嚴重分歧）

? freeze=stabilization（<物價、工資等>凍結，平抑）

glut=over supply（供過于求）nod=approval（許可，批準）pact=agreement，treaty（條約，協議）

poll=election，public opinion poll

?（投票選舉，民意測驗））

?

? row=quarrel（爭論，爭議）

?set=ready（準備）

statement=dispute that cannot be settled

?（僵持，僵局）

step=progress（進程，進步）strife=conflict（沖突，矛盾）ties=(diplomatic)relations（<外交>關系）

第五篇：致用英語 英語報刊閱讀教案

Unit1 Business（Ⅰ）

美國主要報紙:《紐約時報》、《華盛頓郵報》、《洛杉磯時報》、《華爾街時報》、《基督教科學箴言報》等。

Passage 1 PRICES JUMP MORE THAN EXPECTED Higher gasoline prices bring big jump in overall prices, larger rise in core prices than forecast.Prices paid by consumers rose faster in November, lifted by a spike in the price of gasoline, as the government’s key inflation measure came in higher than Wall Street forecasts.The consumer price index, the key measure of inflation on the retail level rose 0.8 percent in the month, up from the 0.3 percent rise in October.Economists surveyed by briefing.com had forecast a 0.6 percent rise in overall prices.It was the biggest jump in prices since September 2005, when gasoline prices surged higher in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.There was a similar impact of higher gasoline prices this time.The report showed overall energy prices up 5.7 percent, with gasoline up 9.3 percent.In addition, food prices, another recent driver of inflation, were up 0.3 percent.The so-called core CPI was up 0.3 percent, even though that more closely watched measure strips out the volatile food and energy prices.Economists had forecast a 0.2 percent rise, which was the same increase posted on October.Among the core items seeing prices jump was clothing, where prices jumped 0.8 percent, and medical care, which rose 0.4 percent.It was the largest one-month jump in apparel prices in more than nine years.WORD AND EXPRESSIONS Forecast 預測、報、示 gasoline汽油 inflation 通貨膨脹 Retail level平均零售價格 in the wake of 緊跟著 surge 激 猛 漲 增 Measure 測量、措施 volatile 不穩定的，波動的 NOTES 1.wall Street：華爾街。美國曼哈頓南部的一條街道，是美國股票交易和金融機構的集中地，現常作美國金融市場或金融界的代名詞。

2.Consumer Price Index：居民消費價格指數。這一指數是反映一定時期內城鄉居民所購買的生活消費品價格指數和服務項目價格變動趨勢和程度的相對數。3.Fed funds：聯邦基金。指美國的商業銀行存庫放在聯邦儲備銀行（及中央銀行體系）的準備金，包括 法定準備金及超出準備金要求的資金.Newspaper Reading Skills 如何閱讀英語報刊

1.養成良好的閱讀習慣。

1）2）3）掌握英語報刊標題的語言特點。注意新聞報道首段的閱讀。掃除影響閱讀速度的障礙。

2.選擇合理的閱讀方法。1）快速泛讀之快速閱讀大量不同領域的文章，只了解文章的主要內容 2）略讀指以很快的速度閱讀，迅速獲取文章的大意或主題。3）查讀是快速掃視所讀材料。4)研讀就是仔細閱讀。

Unit2 Business（Ⅱ）

美國主要期刊：《時代》、《新聞周刊》、《美國新聞與世界報道》、《讀者文摘》、《商業周刊》、《財富》等。

PASSAGE1 GSM—HUGE MARKET, POOR SERVICE Ordinarily, Nigerians should join the nation’s telecoms operators in celebrating the geometric rise in the volume of patronage which telecoms operators have joined in the last six years.With a subscribers’ base rising from 40,000 to as much as 46.2 million in six years, the telecoms operators must be smiling to the bank on a daily basis.Of the said member, the GSM service providers account for 43,539,310 while the fixed wire/wireless lines account for the rest.That Nigeria has a huge market has been verily proven by the market explosion recorded by the telephone service providers.But Nigerians can hardly join in the celebration given the dismal service the operators inflict on them.And so, the operator began to reap bountifully from the patronage of Nigerians who had, previously, seen access to telephone services as an exclusive preserve of the rich.WORD AND EXPRESSIONS Telecoms operators 電信運營商 frenzy 狂亂，瘋狂，絕望 It was not for nothing 不是沒有道理 inefficiency 無效率 patronage使用 exclusive獨占、專用的 Geometric 幾何的 subscriber 用戶 NOTES 1.Lagos：拉各斯。1991年以前為尼日利亞首都，之后尼日利亞首都搬遷至距離拉各斯500公里的阿布賈。2.GSM:全球移動通信系統。

3.Nigerian telecommunications Pic：尼日利亞電信有限公司。4.CDMA:碼分多址技術。

Newspaper Reading Skills 委婉語

委婉語在英語報刊中的使用非常廣泛，一般用于代替過于露骨、過于傷人或不太悅耳的詞或短語。委婉語主要有兩種：縮小性委婉語和夸張性委婉語。縮小性委婉語是用比較含蓄、性質較輕的詞語來表達不便直言的事情。夸張性委婉語是將原詞語替換成意思更文雅、更體面或更重要的詞語。此外，英語報刊還常用一些溫和詞語來掩飾社會問題。

Unit3 Advertising

英國主要報紙：《泰晤士報》、《金融時報》、《每日電訊報》、《衛報》等。PASSAGE1 ADVERTISING FIRMS FRET OVER BILLBOARD BANS “The ban on outdoor advertising in Sao Paulo is illegal and we will prove this,” says Paul Meyer, chief operating officer of America’s clear channel outdoor, the world’s biggest outdoor—advertising company.The councilors of Brazil’s biggest city passed an ordinance banning billboard last September, and clear channel is suing to have it overturned.Mr.Meyer says his firm’s lawyers are confident that it will be declared unconstitutional.“The destruction of a business would certainly be against the law in America,” he adds.Yet bans on billboards exist in other parts of the world—even America.Vermont, Maine, Hawaii and Alaska all prohibit them, as do some 1,500 towns.In Europe, the Norwegian city of Bergen does the same and many others are imposing severe restrictions on billboards: the mayor of Moscow, for example, is about introducing regulation to reduce their number and size.Even so, no big city had ever imposed a complete ban on billboards before Sao Paulo.The “clean city” law also bans ads on taxis and buses and imposes strict limits on shopfront signs.Previously, most of Sao Paulo’s billboards had been erected without permission, although clear channel had spent some $2m to comply with pre-ban rules on outdoor ads.WORD AND EXPRESSIONS Erect 建立，樹立 incentive 動機 proliferation（數量）激增 reintroduce 再引入 exception 例外 bas shelter 公交候車亭 part with 分開，離開

NOTES 1.Clear channel outdoor:目前世界上最大的戶外廣告公司，經營范圍包括機場、車站、出租車、公交車等的媒體和廣告牌。2.Rio de janeiro:里約熱內盧，為巴西一港口城市。3.Buenos Aires:布宜諾斯艾利斯，為阿根廷首都。

Newspaper Reading Skills 網絡新詞的構成

1.派生。

1）前綴+單詞，即由某一前綴與另一個單詞共同組成一個新的單詞。2）單詞+后綴，即由一個單詞與某一后綴共同組成一個新的單詞。

3）前綴+單詞的一部分，即由某一個前綴與一個單詞的一部分共同組成一個新的單詞。2.合成。

1）有兩個或兩個以上的單詞組合而成。2）由單詞或字母加上數字組成。

3）由兩個或多個單詞的某些部分組合而成。3.縮略。1）首字母縮略。

2)用某些發音相同或相似的字母來代替一個單詞乃至整個句子而形成的縮略形式。3）對兩個及以上的詞語分別進行縮略。

4）引申詞義法。指普通的英語詞匯的詞義得到了擴展，發生了變化或是產生了新的意義。

Unit4 Education（Ⅰ）

英國主要報刊：《經濟學家》、《旁觀者》、《新政治家》等。PASSAGE1 HOW SCHOOLS ARE PULLING RANK As competition gets fiercer and pressure more intense, many schools are phasing out class ranking systems, but not everyone thinks that’s a good idea.In the western Chicago out suburb, crime is a nuisance, not a problem.The streets are clean and the schools are some of the most impressive in the state, churning out some of the brightest students who attend the nation’s best colleges.But it’s vicious at the top---so much so that Naperville’s school officials recently voted to stop using a class ranking system.It was the biggest jump in prices since September 2005, when gasoline prices surged higher in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.There was a similar impact of higher gasoline prices this time.That Nigeria has a huge market has been verily proven by the market explosion recorded by the telephone service providers.But Nigerians can hardly join in the celebration given the dismal service the operators inflict on them.In Europe, the Norwegian city of Bergen does the same and many others are imposing severe restrictions on billboards: the mayor of Moscow, for example, is about introducing regulation to reduce their number and size.WORD AND EXPRESSIONS Transcript 成績單 proponent 支持者，倡導者 excel 勝過，優于 adulthood 成年

opaque 模糊的 conceivable 可想象的，可相信的 phase out 逐步放棄，逐漸停止 so much so that 到了這樣的程度以至于 in line with 與······一致 weed out 清除，淘汰 director of admissions招生部主任

NOTES 1.GPA：平均成績點數。美國大學在評定學生成績時所采用的一種形式。2.ACT：美國大學測驗。在美國，ACT是廣泛被采納的大學入學考試。3.STA：學業能力傾向測驗。

Newspaper Reading Skills 派生詞

派生詞是把詞根與前綴或后綴相結合所構成的新詞。派生詞是現代英語構詞最常用的方式，它所構成的詞占新詞總數的30%以上。較為活躍的前綴有：

1）2）3）4）5）6）7）anti—反對；非正統的，反傳統的。de—離開，脫離。out—超過。over—超過，過分。pro—贊成的。

cyber—計算機的，網絡的。e—與電子相關的。

構詞能力較強的后綴有： 1）--able 可····的。2)—er····的人或物。3)—ish 相當的。

此外，有些后綴以衍生出新義： 1)—wise 關于，在某方面。

2）--friendly 有助于···的，有利于···的。3）--aid 救助，贊助。4）--ism 歧視；國策。

Unit5 Education（Ⅱ）

PASSAGE1 YALE’S AND CHINA As a native of China and someone closely involved in Yael’s efforts to foster excellent relations with China.I am gratified at the expansiveness—and warmth—of the university’s support for Chinese students and scholars.This commitment is not surprising for a university whose cordial relationship with china and the Chinese people is centuries old.Yale University is the alma mater of Yung Wing, the first Chinese student to graduate from an American university.Since china’s opening up to the world, Yale university has further contributed to the country’s progress, helping to educate thousands of influential and capable leaders in the fields of education, management, economics, and the judicial system in china and who are making great contributions to their native country.WORD AND EXPRESSIONS Cordial 誠懇的，熱忱的 alma mater 母校 influential有影響的 foresee 預見，預知 collaboration 協作 generous 慷慨的 underscore 強調，加強 resonate 共鳴 emulate 仿效 take advantage利用 NOTES Yale University：耶魯大學。耶魯大學成立于1701年，是一所私立大學。

Yung Wing：容閎。他是中國近代史上第一位畢業于美國耶魯大學的留學生，中國近代留學教育的開拓者。

Newspaper Reading Skills 英語報刊中的行話和俚語 隨著社會的發展，如今某一行業中的“行話“常常會在其他領域流行。

為了迎合讀者的口味，縮短與大眾之間的情感距離，報刊中的許多文章采用通俗的語言，從而使文章親切、自然、幽默、活潑。

Unit6 Employment

PASSAGE1 GM’ENDS STRIKE HEALTH PLAN The United Auto Workers(UAW)pulled down its pickets around General Motors Corporation plants across the United States early Wednesday morning.The union’s leadership said it was satisfied with GM’s guarantees of job security—the ostensible reason for strike.The scene is now set for ratifying a labor agreement that would shift GM’s liabilities for retiree health care to a Voluntary Employee Benefit Association(VEBA).The next task is for the UAW leadership to overcome skepticism about the VEBA among its rank file, both active and retired.Union skeptics have been waging an underground campaign against the VEBA on the internet for the past several weeks and it is having an impact.“I think it’s a conflict of interest for the union to represent us and take care of our health care,” said Tom Avery, a UAW retiree from Pontiac, Michigan who was helping out on the union’s picket lines.UAW president Ron Gettelfinger said he was confident the VEBA trust will have sufficient resources to pay for the health care of present and future retiree for the next 80 years.“I think our retirees will be exceptionally pleased with this contract,” he told reporters during an early morning press conference convened to announce the end to the union’s first nationwide walkout against GM since 1970.“We feel very good about this agreement,” he said.Other unions, including the teamsters and building trades unions, have helped administer union members’ health care benefits for decades.WORD AND EXPRESSIONS

Ostensible表面的 ratify批準 convene 召集，集合 hail 擁護，支持 eliminate 消除 trigger 引發，觸發 commitment 義務 pull down 解散 walkout罷工 NOTES GM：美國通用汽車公司。UAW：美國聯合汽車工會。VEBA:員工自愿保障協會。Teamsters Union：美國勞動工會。

Newspaper Reading Skills 英語報刊中的長難句分析

1）2）3）名詞性從句，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句； 形容詞性從句，即通常所說的定語從句； 狀語從句。

在分析英語長難句時，我們要遵從“去枝葉，留主干”的原則： 第一步 劃出句子中的從句。第二步 劃出所有介詞短語。

第三步 句子結構分析，找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語，即句子的主干。第四步 句子成分分析。

Unit7 Entertainment 1． 標題的作用

標題被看做是新聞的眼睛，一般用來說明新聞的主要內容，常以醒目的文字和獨特的形式展現在讀者面前。標題最重要的功能在于能簡明扼要的向讀者揭示新聞的大致內容，使讀者能在最短的時間內獲得盡可能多的信息。2.標題有三種類型： 主標題，輔助標題和次標題。PASSAGE1 LEAVING LAS VEGAS Celine Dion is going to try to sing.This isn’t a setup for a joke.She’s had a viral infection for the last several days and is so stuffy and hoarse that she’s already canceled four performances at Caesars Palace, sending home 16,000 brokenstage Celine—deprived fans.Backstage before tonight’s show, she’s barely holding it together.She poses for photographs with a few of her devotees, sniffing between camera flashes.She manages to chat in French with one fan, while another tells Celine she’s knitted her a pair of socks.Celine smiles bravely, until she sees an older gentleman she knows on the receiving line.“I’m having a hard time,” she confesses.“My ears are plugged.“ The man tells her to stop shaking hands.Then he turned around to her fans.Don’t touch her!He says.The crowd murmurs.Who the hell is he? I’m her gynecologist.Yet bans on billboards exist in other parts of the world—even America.Vermont, Maine, Hawaii and Alaska all prohibit them, as do some 1,500 towns.In Europe, the Norwegian city of Bergen does the same and many others are imposing severe restrictions on billboards: the mayor of Moscow, for example, is about introducing regulation to reduce their number and size.WORD AND EXPRESSIONS Brokenhearted 心碎的，極度悲傷的 knit 編織 confess 承認，坦白 murmur 低語 diva 出眾的女歌唱家 irony 諷刺 sappy 精力充沛的 spin 暈眩 biopic 名人傳記影片 greedy 貪婪地 in unison 一致的 campaign anthem竟選歌曲 NOTES 1.las vegas：拉斯維加斯。美國內華達州南部城市，是世界上有名的賭場及娛樂中心。

2.Celine Dion：席琳；迪翁。

3.Beatles：甲殼蟲樂隊。二十世紀五六十年代英國利物浦的一只流行樂隊。

Newspaper Reading Skills 精練句式手段

1.省略手段。

1）2）3）省略冗詞贅語。省略冠詞。省略介詞。4）5）6）省略賓語從句連接詞。省略大城市后的州名。使用省略句。

2.嵌入結構。3.分詞短語代替從句。

Unit8 Sports 1.導語的概念。

導語是新聞文體特有的一個概念，也是新聞區別于其他文體的一個顯著特征。導語，顧名思義，是新聞得導讀之語，是新聞報道開頭引入人們閱讀的文字，簡短精要。PASSAGES 2 BEST ROOKIE? YI HAS ON FAVORED DURANT Based on his early numbers, few would predict that Sonics forward Kevin Durant will end up anything but rookie of the year.His raw statistics(20 points per game, 4.9 rebounds per game)are hard to ignore.The streets are clean and the schools are some of the most impressive in the state, churning out some of the brightest students who attend the nation’s best colleges.But it’s vicious at the top---so much so that Naperville’s school officials recently voted to stop using a class ranking system.It was the biggest jump in prices since September 2005, when gasoline prices surged higher in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.There was a similar impact of higher gasoline prices this time.She manages to chat in French with one fan, while another tells Celine she’s knitted her a pair of socks.Celine smiles bravely, until she sees an older gentleman she knows on the receiving line.It was the biggest jump in prices since September 2005, when gasoline prices surged higher in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.There was a similar impact of higher gasoline prices this time.WORD AND EXPRESSIONS Rookie 新秀 forward 前鋒 rebound 籃板 agility 敏捷，靈活 block 蓋帽 hook 勾手 veteran 老手 to date 到目前為止 spot up 定點跳投 inspiring 令人振奮的 NOTES BBA(National Basketball Association)：美國全球籃球協會，至今已有50余年，在美國及世界上許多其他國家擁有眾多球迷。

Newspaper Reading Skills 英語報刊常用套語

1.套語在英語報刊消息報道中的使用

英語報刊記者在報道某人某事時，為了表明客觀公正，常以不確指的第三者語氣論述。例如：it is assumed that····· 據假設······ it is believed that····· 人們相信······

it is declared that····· 據宣稱········ it is estimated that····· 據統計········· it is supposed that····· 人們猜測······· 2.套語在報道消息來源時的使用

例如：the government said······· 政府所言·······

According to US officials and experts········· 據美國官員和專家的看法········ 另外 Revealed、announced、quoted 等詞在報道中也經常使用。