第一篇：2016年6月大學英語四級真題答案與解析

寫作

題目：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.今年四級時隔九年之后首次考了一道應用文寫作，雖然出乎意料，但是大家可以根據題干中的關鍵詞“letter”迅速判斷今年要寫的是書信。書信本身難度不大，但是需要特別注意英文書信的書寫格式。

一、四級書信格式要求

1、抬頭：收件人的姓名

2、正文：三段式

3、落款：祝福（yours sincerely）+寫信人名

二、感謝信格式模板: Dear ______, I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for __________________(感謝的原因).If it had not been for your assistance in __________________(對方給你的具體幫助), I fear that I would have been___________________(沒有對方幫助時的后果).No one would disagree that it was you who___________________________(給出細節).Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you!Please accept my gratitude.Best wishes.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（注意：抬頭的Dear+人名頂格靠左寫，后面一定要加逗號！落款yours sincerely和寫信人名頂格靠右寫，yours sincerely后面也一定要加逗號！Yours sincerely為書信的慣用套話，這個必須得有！）

三、真題解析

再來看看今天第三套試卷的寫作。寫作要求讓自己寫一封感謝信來表達你對幫助自己克服困難的朋友的感謝。雖然書信大家可能在復習的時候準備的較少，但其實只要抓住了書信的基本格式，即多了抬頭和落款，正文的寫作應該較為簡單，尤其是第二段，大家可以按照熟悉的原因分析段的方式來寫。

1、寫作思路： 第一段：表明對朋友的感謝并點題；

第二段：朋友用哪些方式幫我在哪些方面克服了困難

第三段：再次表示對朋友誠摯的感謝并祝愿朋友身體健康。

2、范文： Dear Tom, I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for your great help when I failed that vital English interview.If it had not been for your assistance in giving me those brilliant suggestions and warm encouragement, I fear that I would have lost my way.No one would disagree that it was you who stayed with me and pulled me through the hard time.First and foremost, you told me it is the priority for me to calm down.This is due to the fact that the ability to stay sober and positive made me come up with quite a few ideas to cope with the consequence that failure triggered.Furthermore, you made me learn to analyze my lack of interview skills and find solutions.Plenty of evidence has shown that this work played an indispensable role in my success the next year.Last but not the least, you helped to build my confidence.Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you!Please accept my gratitude.Best wishes.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

選詞填空

一、文章主旨： 根據首句，我們可以看到整篇文章的主旨意思：physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too.（身體活動對身體活動有好處，越來越多的證據顯示它對大腦也有好處），所以我們可以知道整篇文章實際是在討論身體活動與大腦活動相關的影響。

二、對15個選項進行詞性分類 A.n B.adv C.n D.v-ing E.v-ing F.adj G.adj H.v I.n J.adv K.adv L.n M.v N.v O.v

三、判斷空格詞性

26., ___ to have higher GPAs and better scores 固定搭配 tend to 傾向于

答案：O 27.In a ___ of 14 studies that 空格詞性為名詞，備選項有 ACIL A.出席，出勤 C 趨勢 I 心境 L 表現

答案：C 28.physical activity and academic ___ 空格詞性為名詞，備選項有 A I L 答案：A 29., ___ in the basic subjects of math, 空格詞性為副詞，備選項有BJK 答案：K 30.schools struggle to ___ on smaller budgets.空格詞性為動詞原形 備選項有HMN 答案：N 31.With standardized test scores in the U.S.___ in recent years, 空格詞性為動詞ing，備選項有DE 答案：E 32.exercise and academics may not be ___ exclusive.空格詞性為副詞，備選項有BJ 答案：J 33.can improve blood ___ to the brain 空格詞性為動詞 備選項有 DHM 答案：H 34.，which are ___ to learning.空格詞性為形容詞 備選項有FG 答案：F 35.can improve ___ and relieve stress.空格詞性為名詞，備選項有IL 答案：L 篇章閱讀第二篇

51.A 解析：審題，問的是這個研究的目的，根據題干中的大寫字母JAGS定位到第一段，JAGS looked at this question那一句，可以發現研究的目的是為了回答這個問題，由此可知就是上文提到的兩個問題，所以是跟personality affect longevity 有關的，答案選A 52.D 解析：審題，根據outgoing and sympathetic people 定位到第二段，由最后一句話可知 作者暗示這些人是更有可能度過艱難時期的人。答案選D 53.C 解析：審題，finding 研究發現，out of our exception 出乎我們的意料的，所以結合題文同序原則定位到第三段，一開頭就出現了however，所以出乎意料的是有一些你認為有利的人格卻對長壽沒有影響。后面接著就舉例說明了。答案選C 54.D 解析：關鍵詞定位到倒數第二段，研究發現母親的人格對孩子的壽命有影響，選D 55.B 解析：定位到最后一段，說明身、心健康二者才是促成長壽的原因。翻譯

烏鎮是浙江的一座古老水鎮，坐落在京杭大運河畔。這是一處迷人的地方，有很多古橋，中式旅館和餐館。在過去一千多年里，烏鎮的水系和生活方式并未經歷多少變化，是一座展現古文明的博物館。烏鎮所有房屋都用石木建造。數百年來，當地人沿河邊建起了住宅和集市。無數寬敞美麗的庭院藏身于屋舍之間，游客們每到一處都會有驚喜的發現。Wuzhen, an ancient waterside town in Zhejiang Province, is located by the Great Canal.It is a charming scenic spot with numerous old bridges, hotels and restaurants of Chinese style.In the past more than 1,000 years, the water system and life style in Wuzhen has experienced few changes, which is a museum unfolding the ancient civilization.All the houses there are constructed with stones and wood.For hundreds of years, the locals have built dwellings and markets along the river banks.There are innumerable roomy and beautiful courts hiding among the houses, and tourists will have surprise discoveries wherever they go.解析：

1.第一句是個標準的A is B, and A is C句式，根據我們之前在課程上講過的公式直接套取即A is B, and A is C = A, B, is C。把“浙江的一座古老水鎮”這個部分寫成“烏鎮”的同位語，用“坐落”作為該句的謂語部分。

2.第二句又是一個有逗號的句子，前方是個簡單的主謂賓結構的句式，后方的“有很多”這個結構，我們在課堂上講過，表示的并非是“真正的擁有”的意思，而是一種伴隨的狀態，可以用“with”的短語表達出來。

3.第三句，第一個逗號之前是明顯的時間狀語，提醒了第二個逗號前的句子應該使用現在完成時，第二個逗號之后的句子是用來陳述客觀事實，可用一般現在時。前后句主語一致，都為烏鎮，所以根據我們所說過的合句提分的方法，后句直接用“，which……”即可連接。而此句難點在于“展現古文明的”這個定語如何翻譯，如果不會直接翻譯，我們可以把這個句子拆成“是一座博物館，它展現了古文明”來解決，或者像例文中所示一樣，用我們所說過的非謂語動詞作定語的結構，由邏輯主語主動發出并與謂語動詞同時發出的原則選取doing作定語，譯成“unfolding the ancient civilization”的后置定語即可。4.第四句是難度很小的一句話，判斷出用一般現在時和被動語態即可。

5.第五句話從時間狀語來判斷，使用現在完成時即可。難度也較小。6.第六句逗號前的半個句子根據“在某地存在某人某物”的句型判斷應該使用there be句型翻譯。逗號后面的句子跟前面是個并列結構，用and并列即可。

第二篇：2011年12月大學英語四級真題及答案解析

2011年12月英語四級真題及答案

1作文真題范文及點評

Nothing Scucceeds Without a Strong Willby commenting on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the eaiest thing in the world.I'va done it hundreds of times.” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing

Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will

Nothing runs smoothly in our life.To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential.Life is like a Marathon.Many people can’t get to the terminal.This is not because they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake.They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting.Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking.After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough.Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.” By doing this, they surrender to their weak will.In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will.To be successful in one’s life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose.Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute 文章點評：

本文屬于話題類作文，只看題目 “Nothing Succeeds without a strong will”考生會覺得比較抽象，難以下手。細看題目說明中給出了提示，要求考生結合戒煙屢次不成功的幽默引語對該話題進行分析闡述。

總體來說，這是一篇“中等偏上”的考生作文。本文先點題指出“堅強意志”的重要性；第二段從反面舉例闡述——具體描寫了意志不堅定者的心理活動，闡述為什么會戒煙失敗；最后從戒煙延伸到生活中的其他事情，并復述堅強意志的內涵，點題收尾。

總體上來看，文章思路清晰，采用了生動的比喻和形象的心理描寫，語言流暢，用語地道。

但一些重復表達（如第二段和第三段中的weak will）顯得單調，可用shaky ones, weak-willed persons，the strong-willed等靈活表達。在備考中，多積累不同表達，相信會寫出更生動的文章。

在論述上，敘述略顯羅嗦。第二段心理描寫過多，雖然流暢生動，但卻使這篇考場作文超過了規定字數，反而成為失分點，這一點要引以為戒。

范文高分版

Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will

As we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved.There is something provoking and interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.The ability to do something over and over again in a short time may imply its easiness, but in a long run, a lifetime maybe, things turn out to be quite the opposite.Also, as is often the case, one may have obtained all the tools and opportunities to achieve something, but in the end they still fail due to the will shortage.So how could we avoid the dilemma? Here is the prime condition of success: will and perseverance.Concentrate you energy, thought and mind exclusively on the business in which you are engaged, hang on in there and be patient, for, as Emerson put it, no one can cheat you out of your ultimate success but yourself.點評：

本次四級作文探討的話題是成功與毅力之間的關系，話題不算新，一般考生對此都比較熟悉，所以對考生來說難度不大。寫好這篇作文，需要抓住兩點，一是緊跟題目要求，即對上述幽默性的話語做出評論，二是在評論的基礎上要亮出自己的觀點。

范文開頭第一句即一針見血地對上述幽默性話語做出總結性概括，即戒煙看似簡單實則很難，隨后指出該話語本質上是一個悖論，并且以一個“水滴石穿”的俗語來指出困難所在，這句也是本文的一個亮點，體現作者在西方俗語方面豐富的知識儲備。

第二段作者則進一步深入分析該話語，指出做某事在短期看來很容易，長期來看，恰恰相反，人們做事的結果也因此總是失敗，原因則在最后一句點出：缺乏毅力。

第三段作者進一步給出了自己的觀點，告訴大家如何避免陷入這種兩難境地：首要條件即需要堅強的意志和長期的堅持。最后再以艾默生的一句名言 “沒人能夠騙你遠離你最終的成功，除非你自己承認失敗”來總結全文，切中主題，鏗鏘有力。

快速閱讀真題 及答案

What is Integrity?

“Integrity” is defined as “adherence to moral and ethical principles;honesty.” The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself(honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness)but also living up to those standards each day.One who by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed.But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others.Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional.Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky Business

We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure.The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems.We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices.To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts.For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required.But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct.Ignorance is not a defense.“But Everybody Does It”

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I'm not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very elaborate: “I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses.If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder.Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating Risks

To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself.Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits(“what's in it for me”), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong.The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a “0” on a test or assignment;an “F” in the class;Suspension or Dismissal from school;transcript notation;and a tarnished reputation.In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be.This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position.There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It--Or Not

Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price.A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education.Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed.Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught.Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems “easier.” This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster.Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.Cheating Hurts Others, Too

Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions “don't count” and don't really hurt anyone.But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect.Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room.Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat.If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades.Even if there is no curve, cheating “poisons” the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in.(“If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.”)Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers.The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, “I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach;all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others.” The and destructive attack on the quality of your education.Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity Matters

If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble.We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless.There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have.The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole.Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being.For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society.Our actions do matter.It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1.A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.A)sticks to them in their daily life B)makes them known to others C)understands their true values D)sees that others also follow them 2.What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? A)It helps to create team spirit B)It facilitates communication C)It is the basis of mutual trust D)It inspires mutual respect 3.why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？ A.To ensure we make responsible choices.B.To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C.so that we don’t break any rules.D.so that we don’t run into trouble.4.Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______? A.it has caused no harm.B.it is claimed to be unintentional.C.it has gone unnoticed.D.it is committed with good intentions.5.What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself? A.Avoid making excuses.B.Listen to other people’s advice.C.Make his intensions public.D.Have others watch over his shoulder.6.Those who take risks they regret later on _______.A.will often become more cautious B.are usually very aggressive C.value immediate benefits most.D.may lose everything in the end 7.According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.A)pay more dearly B)become more confident C)be widely admired D)feel somewhat lucky 8.Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how tostealing a grade 9.Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith.10.Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal.聽力真題及答案

Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused.I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?

M: Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask?

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

12.W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night.Did you get home in time to see it?

W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the man mean?

13.W: Airport, please.I’m running a little late.So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation? 14.W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.M: Thank you, but I don’t eat shellfish.I’m allergic to it.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?

15.W: now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?

M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.Q: What do we learn about the man?

16.M: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year.I need more privacy.W: I know what you mean.But check out the cost if renting an apartment first.I won’t be surprised if you 5 change your mind.Q: What does the woman imply?

17.M: You’re on the right track.I just think you need to narrow the topic down.W: Yeah, you’re right.I always start by choosing two boarder topics when I’m doing a research paper.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

18.W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesn’t it?

M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside.Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation? Long Conversation

Conversation One

M: When I say I live in Sweden, people always want to know about the seasons.W: The seasons?

M: Yeah, you know how cold it is in winter? What is it like when the days are so short?

W: So what is it like?

M: Well, it is cold ,very cold in winter.Sometimes it is cold as 26 degrees below centigrade.And of course when you go out, you’ll wrap up warm.But inside in the houses it’s always very warm, much warmer than at home.Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in the good winter.W: And what about the darkness?

M: Well, yeah, around Christmas time there’s only one hour of daylight, so you really looks forward to the spring.It is sometimes a bit depressing.But you see the summers are amazing, from May to July in the North of Sweden the sun never sets.It’s still light in the midnight.You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper.W: Oh, yeah, the land of the midnight sun.M: Yeah, that’s right, but it’s wonderful.You won’t stay up all night.And the Swedes makes most of it often they started work earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings.They’d like to work hard, but play hard, too.I think Londoners work longer hours, but I’m not sure this is a good thing.Q19: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

Q20: What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter?

Q21: How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden?

Q21: What does the man say about the Swedish people? Conversation Two

W: What kind of training does one need to go into this type of job?

M: That’s a very good question.I don’t think there is any, specifically.W: For example, in your case, what was your educational background?

M: Well, I did a degree in French at Nottingham.After that, I did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people.Here is in the university.Then I went into local government because I found I was more interested in the administrative side.Then progressed on to universities.So there wasn’t any plan and there was no specific training.There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now.W: But in the first place, you did a French degree.M: In my time, there wasn’t a degree you could do for administration.I think most of the administrators I’ve come across have degrees and all sorts of things.W: Well, I know in my case, I did an English literature degree and I didn’t really expect to end up doing what I am doing now.M: Quite.W: But you are local to Nottingham, actually? Is there any reason why you went to Nottingham University?

M: No, no, I come from the north of England, from west Yorkshire.Nottingham was one of the universities I put on my list.And I like the look of it.The campus is just beautiful.W: Yes, indeed.Let’s see.Were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire?

M: Yes, from the Woolen District.Q23.What was the man’s major at university?

Q24: What was the man’s job in secondary schools?

Q25: What attracted the man to Nottingham University? Section B

Passage One

While Gail Obcamp, an American artist was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners have their eyes closed.Were they tuned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form or they deliberately tried to signal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful.Japanese listeners sometimes closed their eyes to enhance concentration.Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words.Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of minority group in North America.Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings.Here are some examples.In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air.In some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker.Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact.In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval while in other courtiers it is a form of insult.Questions:

26, What did Obcamp’s speech focus on?

27, Why do Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes while listening to a speech?

28, What does the speaker try to explain? Passage Two

Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his Division at Taxlong Company.He is soon going to have an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director to discuss the work he has done in the past year.Salary, promotion and plans for the coming year will also be discussed at the meeting.Chris has made several changes for his Division in the past year.First, he bought new equipment for one of the departments.He has been particularly happy about the new equipment because many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them.Along with improving the equipment, Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and do simple maintenance themselves.The training saved time for the employees and money for the company.Unfortunately, one serious problem developed during the year.Two employees the Chris hired were stealing, and he had to fire them.Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance manager for the whole company will be open in a few months, and he would like to be promoted to the job.Chris knows, however, that someone else wants that new job, too.Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another Division of the company.She has also made several changes over the year.Chris knows that his boss likes Kim’s work, and he expects that his work will be compared with hers.Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.What is Chris’s main responsibility at Taxlong Company?

30.What problem did Chris encounter in his Division?

31.What does Chris hope for in the near future?

32.What do we learn about Kim from the passage? Passage Three

Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, are examples of folk wisdom.They are little lessons which older people of a culture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life.Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture.Values teach people how to act, what is right, and what is wrong.Because the values of each culture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act.Understanding your own culture values is important too.If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values, not yours, getting along with them will be much easier.Many proverbs are very old.So some of the values they teach may not be as important in the culture as they once were.For example, Americans today do not pay much attention to the proverb “Haste makes waste”, because patience is not important to them.But if you know about past values, it helps you to understand the present and many of the older values are still strong today.Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb “Time is money” is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before.A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared by many cultures.In many cases though, the same idea is expressed differently.Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.Why are proverbs so important?

34.According to the speaker what happens to some proverbs with the passage of time?

What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world? Section C

Compound Dictation

Our lives are woven together.As much as I enjoy my own company, I no longer imagine I can get through a single day much less all my life completely on my own.Even if I am on vacation in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven by others, using electricity someone else is distributing to my house.Evidence of interdependence is everywhere;we are on this journey together.As I was growing up, I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything.“Make your own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it.Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture.I imagine that what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices.But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines.And instead, I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody.聽力答案：11.^^ask the staff 12.b ^^ TV program13.^^^^^^ missing her flight 14.at a restaurant 15^^^^of the woman 16.^^^^alow-rent apartment 17.^^^otpic more focuse 18,they didnot 19,he likes 20,the cold 21 depressing 22they work 23,french 24,careers 25,its26 the art of 27to enhance 28how listeners 29 directing 30twoofhis employee 31advancement 32sheis competing 33The help 34.Their wording 35.Some 36company 37single 38completely39vacation 40built 41ecectricity42 evidence 43journey

本次聽力考試長對話第一篇難度略低與以往水平，話題關于瑞典的天氣和生活方式，對話以man speaker提供信息為主，woman speaker穿針引線，所以大家集中精力聽man speaker的話即可。

文章大意：對話先談論了瑞典的季節，冬天異常寒冷，低至零下26度，但是室內非常溫暖，所以瑞典人到了英國會抱怨室內溫度低。接下來討論了不同季節的日光長度，圣誕節期間每天只有1小時光照，而五月到七月，直到午夜還有還有日照，所以瑞典享有“The Land of Mid-night Sun”的美譽。瑞典人夏季很早上班，下午2，3點就下班，享受漫長的夏季夜晚。他們的生活方式用原文中的一句話來概述就是“They like to work hard, but play hard too.”。

出題點有4處，全部為細節題，第19題：“What do we learn about the man from the conversation?”，答案出現在對話開篇。第20題: “What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter?”，答案出現在文中，瑞典人拜訪英國會抱怨英國人的室內很冷。第21題“How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden？”，man speaker 的評論是 “a bit depressing ”.第22題“What does the man say about the Swedish people?”，瑞典人工作努力，也很會享受盛會。

考場上，大家只要能follow the man speaker’s track，抓住細節，就一定會找出答案。Wish all of you good luck!

本次四級第二篇長對話難度不高，話題是考生很熟悉的校園學習類。從對話的語氣中可以猜出是學妹在請教學長關于工作所需的教育背景。

考查長對話一般是看兩人談話會有幾個話題，換一個話題就會相應地換一個問題。這篇考試也不例外，三個問題分別是1.男人的專業？2.男人在中學的工作？3.男人上諾丁漢大學的原因？1和3尤其好辨別，相信同學們做對基本的2道題是肯定沒有問題的。

抓住了“話題轉換有考題”的技巧后，再運用我們課上反復強調的“聽到什么選什么”的技巧，那答案就呼之欲出了。比如1應該是French, 2 是career work, 3是campus environment.再加上我們上課教的學習場景詞匯中的高頻詞degree, secondary school, administration, literature, campus, major。如果考生在考場上能及時激活，那文章的大意一定非常明了。

Passage 2 難度適中，話題是升職，屬于商務工作場景，大意是Chris 作為公司的采購部的職員希望得到提升，但是遇到了同是采購部的競爭對手Kim，Kim受到領導的喜歡而且表現也不錯。原文描述了Chris和Kim在公司中的表現。涉及到的常考詞匯有：purchase, maintenance, interview，salary, promotion, equipment, employee, responsibility。這些詞匯在聽力商務場景中講過，要求大家必背的。在閱讀課上商務類文章中也講過數次。接下來我們看看具體的題目和答案所在處。Question 29: what is Chris’s main responsibility at Texalon company? 我們課堂上說篇章一般開頭30秒會有一題的答案，這題的答案在第一句話。

Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his division at Texalon company.In charge 管理和負責的意思。Purchase采購，maintenance 維修。Question 30: what problem did Chris encounter in his division? Unfortunately, one serious problem develops during the year.Two employees that Chris hired were stealing and he had to fire them.此題答案在文章中間部分，關鍵是problem 這個詞。Question 31: what does Chris hope for in the near future? He would like to be promoted to the job.Promote 升職。Would like to 想要。Question 32: what do we learn about Kim from the passage? 原文：Chris knows, however, someone else wants the new job too.Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another division of the company.Kim這個女人也是負責采購和維修的，她希望得到這個工作。

完形填空真題 答案

Part V Cloze

Employers fear they will be unable recruit students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey 67.reveals.Nearly half of organisations told researchers they were already struggling to find 68.staff with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths(STEM), 69.while even more companies expect to experience 70.shortages of employees with Stem skills in the next three years.The Confederation of British Industry and the vocational qualifications body EDI 71.surveyed6 94 organisations across the public and 72.private sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people.Half are 73.concerned they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to 74.recruit enough employees with the right A-level skills.“75.As we move further into recovery and businesses plan 76.for growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will 77.intensify,” said Richard Lambert, director general, CBI.“In the future, people with qualifications in science and maths will be particularly sought after, and firms say it is already hard to find people with the right 78.technical or engineering skills.The new government must make it a top 79.priority to encourage more young people to study science-related 80.subjects.”

The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects 81.if they studied business studies, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level.The A-levels that employers82.rate least are psychology and sociology.And while many employers don't insist on a83.particular degree subject, a third prefer to hire those with a Stem-related subject.The research 84.highlighted worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK 85.workforce.Half of employers expressed worries about employees' basic literacy and numeracy skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, 86.where two-thirds reported concerns.67.reveals

68.staff

69.while

70.shortages

71.surveyed

72.private

73.concerned

74.recruit

75.As

76.for

77.intensify

78.technical

79.priority

80.subjects

81.if

82.rate

83.particular

84.highlighted

85.workforce

86.where

翻譯真題、答案及點評

87.Charity groups organized various activities to ________（為地震幸存者籌款）.87.Raise money for the survial in the earthquck 88.Linda_______（不可能收到我的電子郵件）；otherwise, she would have replied.can’t receive my e-mail 89.It's my mother________(一直在鼓勵我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my studies.89.oncovrage me not lose heart 90.The publishing house has to ________（考慮這部小說的受歡迎程度）.90.condsider the popularrring of this novel 91.It is absolutely wrong to _________(僅僅以金錢來定義幸福).91.defive the happiness only by momey

第三篇：大學英語四級作文真題解析

大學英語四級作文真題解析

四級的題型包括論說文、說明文、記敘文。2017年6月份我們考的是考應用文，賣的是二手車、二手電腦，12月份考的是文字當中的A或者B的形式，到底是工作還是考研，到底是國企還是外企。2017年12月考到的是大家關心的醫鬧問題，同學感覺到這個問題比較傷感。醫鬧怎么說?我們可以翻成“醫療的一些問題、爭端或者沖突”等等。這是第一套題。第二套題，講的是所謂的老師和學生之間的關系如何營造。第三套題，父母和孩子的關系。

大家發現這道題從審題的難度來講基本長沒有什么難度，基本上是初中、小學詞匯，題干不會出現什么問題。“How to”題型已經考過三次，重點在如何(how)，也就是說我們重點是方法。從內容上來講，但是發現這三道考題之間的關系是大家非常熟悉的話題，比說醫鬧關系，醫生和患者之間的關系，老師和學生的關系，這是教育的話題，再比如家長和孩子之間的關系等等，所以從題材到內容來說都是四級考生已經必備的知識要素。

我們的四六級的寫作滿分是15分，包括兩部分，第一是獎勵分，第二是基本分的部分。

首先，獎勵分是卷面的問題，大家都喜歡美的事物。也就是說要保持卷面清晰，給老師留下好的第一印象。第二是基本分。這里包括三部分。

第一是文章的結構。

我們在寫作文的時候分三個層次，總分總的原則，第一自然段我們一定要進行引題部分，第二是分析，第三是總結。第一段把醫患關系，家長和孩子關系，學生和老師的關系等等，這些核心的主題詞引導出來。

第二是分析。根據不同文章的要求，不同文章的題材進行分析的過程。重點在方法、建議的措施上。所以這個文章中間分析的環節，重點講的是建議、措施和方法。

第三是總結。注意要加上所謂邏輯關系詞。比如三個方法，或者是三個建議的措施，三個原因，三個危害等等。

這是英語考試，大家一定要想清楚我們每句話首先保證的是準確，其次保證的是漂亮。如何保證準確漂亮?第一個是詞的運用，我們在剛才的文章當中，是否出現了“重要important”這個單詞，你可以換一些高級的詞匯essential，當你把這些常見的單詞進行高級化的替換以后，你的分值就會提高。再說一下句型的文化。好的文章，不僅是句子準確，還要考慮句子的高級化。比如說你是否運用了非謂語動詞等高級語法。

第四篇：2010年12月大學英語四級考試真題及答案與解析

2010年12月大學英語四級考試真題

Part I Writing(30 minutes)

Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切

2.為了讓孩子獨立, 父母應該??

How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?

...Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A Grassroots Remedy

Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world.To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country.The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.And when joggers(慢跑者)jog, they don’t run the streets.Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river.It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived(喪失).I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London.These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere.A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(多動癥).Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%;those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground.A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment.In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy(等級)based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead.But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying(恃強凌弱)is found in schools where there is a tarmac(柏油碎石)playground;the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore.This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage.So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs.Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children.However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature.The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years.And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things.Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world.The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.Human beings are a species of mammals(哺乳動物).For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature.Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life.Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world.It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness.Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised.Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural world

Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof.Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space.In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine.Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself;the second best way is in company.Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries.Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs.That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills.Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees.Go somewhere special and bring specialness home.It lasts forever, after all.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。

1.What is the author’s profound belief?

[A] People instinctively seek nature in different ways.[B] People should spend most of their lives in the wild.[C] People have quite different perceptions of nature.[D] People must make more efforts to study nature.2.What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?

[A] Personal freedom.[B] Things that are natural.[C] Urban surroundings.[D] Things that are purchased.3.What does a study in Sweden show?

[A] The natural environment can help children learn better.[B] More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.[C] A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.[D] Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.4.Children who have chances to explore natural areas ________.[A] tend to develop a strong love for science

[B] are more likely to fantasise about wildlife

[C] tend to be physically tougher in adulthood

[D] are less likely to be involved in bullying

5.What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?

[A] Find more effective drugs for them.[B] Provide more green spaces for them.[C] Place them under more personal care.[D] Engage them in more meaningful activities.6.In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?

[A] They look on life optimistically.[C] They are able to live longer.[B] They enjoy a life of better quality.[D] They become good-humoured.7.Dr William Bird suggests in his study that ________.[A] humanity and nature are complementary to each other

[B] wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in people

[C] access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence

[D] it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged

8.It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be________________________.9.The author believes that we would not be so civilised without ________________________.10.The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek _________________ with the natural world.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

11.[A] The man should visit the museums.[C] The beach resort is a good choice.[B] She can’t stand the hot weather.[D] She enjoys staying in Washington.12.[A] Her new responsibilities in the company.[B] What her job prospects are.[C] What the customers’ feedback is.[D] The director’s opinion of her work.13.[A] Combine her training with dieting.[B] Repeat the training every three days.[C] Avoid excessive physical training.[D] Include weightlifting in the program.14.[A] When she will return home.[B] Whether she can go by herself.[C] Whether she can travel by air.[D] When she will completely recover.15.[A] The woman knows how to deal with the police.[B] The woman had been fined many times before.[C] The woman had violated traffic regulations.[D] The woman is good at finding excuses.16.[A] Switch off the refrigerator for a while.[B] Have someone repair the refrigerator.[C] Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.[D] Buy a refrigerator of better quality.17.[A] He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.[B] He has got enough money to buy a house.[C] He can finally do what he has dreamed of.[D] He is moving into a bigger apartment.18.[A] She is black and blue all over.[B] She has to go to see a doctor.[C] She stayed away from work for a few days.[D] She got hurt in an accident yesterday.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.[A] She was a bank manager.[B] She was a victim of the robbery.[C] She was a defence lawyer.[D] She was a witness to the crime.20.[A] A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.[B] A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face.[C] A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.[D] A medium-sized young man carrying a gun.21.[A] Identify the suspect from pictures.[C] Have her photo taken for their files.[B] Go upstairs to sign some document.[D] Verify the record of what she had said.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.[A] By reading a newspaper ad.[C] By listening to the morning news.[B] By seeing a commercial on TV.[D] By calling an employment service.23.[A] She could improve her foreign languages.[B] She could work close to her family.[C] She could travel overseas frequently.[D] She could use her previous experiences.24.[A] Taking management courses.[C] Working as a secretary.[B] Teaching English at a university.[D] Studying for a degree in French.25.[A] Prepare for an interview in a couple of days.[B] Read the advertisement again for more details.[C] Send in a written application as soon as possible.[D] Get to know the candidates on the short list.Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意： 此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.[A] They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke.[B] They do not realize the danger they are in.[C] They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise.[D] They mistake the firefighters for monsters.27.[A] He travels all over America to help put out fires.[B] He often teaches children what to do during a fire.[C] He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community.[D] He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.28.[A] He saved the life of his brother choking on food.[B] He rescued a student from a big fire.[C] He is very good at public speaking.[D] He gives informative talks to young children.29.[A] Firefighters play an important role in America.[B] Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters.[C] Carelessness can result in tragedies.[D] Informative speeches can save lives.Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.[A] To satisfy the needs of their family.[B] To fully realize their potential.[C] To make money for early retirement.[D] To gain a sense of their personal worth.31.[A] They may have to continue to work in old age.[B] They may regret the time they wasted.[C] They may have nobody to depend on in the future.[D] They may have fewer job opportunities.32.[A] Making wise use of your time.[B] Enjoying yourself while you can.[C] Saving as much as you can.[D] Working hard and playing hard.Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.[A] Hardworking students being accused of cheating.[B] Boy students being often treated as law-breakers.[C] Innocent people being suspected groundlessly.[D] Junior employees being made to work overtime.34.[A] Forbidding students to take food out of the restaurant.[B] Requesting customers to pay before taking the food.[C] Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters.[D] Allowing only two students to enter at a time.35.[A] He was taken to the manager.[C] He was asked to leave.[B] He was closely watched.[D] He was overcharged.Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分試題在答題卡2上作答。

Writing keeps us in touch with other people.We write to communicate with relatives and friends.We write to(36)_____________ our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and(37)_____________their heritage(傳統).With computers and Internet connections in so many(38)_____________, colleges, business, people e-mailing friends and relatives all the time—or talking to them in writing in online(39)_____________ rooms.It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more(40)_____________ than waiting until Sunday for the telephone(41)_____________ to drop.Students are e-mailing their professors to(42)_____________ and discuss their classroom assignments and to(43)_____________ them.They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate(合作)on homework.(44)__________________________________________________________.Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need

for

the

personal

letter.(45)____________________________________________________.No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, “I want you to know that I care about you.”(46)____________________________________________________________________, but only in the success of human relationships.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47.The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics.Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial.Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color.But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(養育), by genetic makeup and the environment.Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits.From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process.However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

[A] abilities [I] extent

[B] achieve [J] indicates

[C] appeal [K] proceeds

[D] complaints [L] psychological

[E] contributions [M] raised

[F] displayed [N] smart

[G] essentially [O] standard

[H] eventually

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It is pretty much a one-way street.While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction.Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia(學術界)outweigh any financial considerations.Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge.Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career.Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical(制藥的)company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher.He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition(轉換)to academia more attractive, according to Lee.Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts.They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development.“Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career.So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

注意： 此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

57.By “a one-way street”(Line 1, Para.1), the author means ________.[A] university researchers know little about the commercial world

[B] there is little exchange between industry and academia

[C] few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

[D] few university professors are willing to do industrial research

58.The word “deterrent”(Line 2, Para.1)most probably refers to something that ________.[A] keeps someone from taking action [C] attracts people’s attention

[B] helps to move the traffic [D] brings someone a financial burden

59.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

[A] Flexible work hours.[C] Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.[B] Her research interests.[D] Prospects of academic accomplishments.60.Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.[A] do financially more rewarding work

[B] raise his status in the academic world

[C] enrich his experience in medical research

[D] exploit better intellectual opportunities

61.What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

[A] Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.[B] Develop its students’ potential in research.[C] Help it to obtain financial support from industry.[D] Gear its research towards practical applications.Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life.Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity(長壽)boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship.The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers(鰥夫)were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers.Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s.The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate.Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart.Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke.There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems.Even so, the odds favour marriage.In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological(生理的)mechanisms.For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life.People in supportive relationships may handle stress better.Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100.The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”

注意： 此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

62.William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.[A] social life provides an effective cure for illness

[B] being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life

[C] women benefit more than men from marriage

[D] marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

63.Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.[A] older men should quit smoking to stay healthy

[B] marriage can help make up for ill health

[C] the married are happier than the unmarried

[D] unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life

64.It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side”(Line 4, Para.2)refers to _________.[A] the disadvantages of being married

[B] the emotional problems arising from marriage

[C] the responsibility of taking care of one’s family

[D] the consequence of a broken marriage

65.What does the author say about social networks?

[A] They have effects similar to those of a marriage.[B] They help develop people’s community spirit.[C] They provide timely support for those in need.[D] They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.66.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

[A] It’s important that we develop a social network when young.[B] To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.[C] Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.[D] We should share our social networks with each other.Part Ⅴ Cloze(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

Over half the world’s people now live in cities.The latest “Global Report on Human Settlements” says a significant change took place last year.The report 67 this week from U.N.Habitat, a United Nations agency.A century ago, 68 than five percent of all people lived in cities.69 the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or 70 six and a half billion people.Already three-fourths of people in 71 countries live in cities.Now most urban population 72 is in the developing world.Urbanization can 73 to social and economic progress, but also put 74 on cities to provide housing and 75.The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move 76 cities and towns each day.It says worsening inequalities, 77 by social divisions and differences in 78 , could result in violence and crime 79 cities plan better.Another issue is urban sprawl(無序擴展的城區).This is where cities 80 quickly into rural areas, sometimes 81 a much faster rate than urban population growth.Sprawl is 82 in the United States.Americans move a lot.In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the 83 cities to smaller ones.He sees a 84 toward “de-urbanization” across the nation.85 urban economies still provide many 86 that rural areas do not.67.[A] came on [C] came over

[B] came off [D] came out

68.[A] more [C] less

[B] other [D] rather

69.[A] By [C] Along

[B] Through [D] To

70.[A] really [C] ever

[B] barely [D] almost

71.[A] flourishing [C] thriving

[B] developed [D] fertile

72.[A] extension [C] raise

[B] addition [D] growth

73.[A] keep [C] lead

[B] turn [D] refer

74.[A] pressure [C] restraint

[B] load [D] weight

75.[A] surroundings [C] concerns

[B] communities [D] services

76.[A] onto [C] around

[B] into [D] upon

77.[A] pulled [C] drawn

[B] driven [D] pressed

78.[A] situation [C] treasure

[B] wealth [D] category

79.[A] when [C] unless

[B] if [D] whereas

80.[A] expand [C] invade

[B] split [D] enlarge

81.[A] in [C] with

[B] beyond [D] at

82.[A] common [C] ordinary

[B] conventional [D] frequent

83.[A] essential [C] primitive

[B] prior [D] major

84.[A] trend [C] direction

[B] style [D] path

85.[A] Then [C] For

[B] But [D] While

86.[A] abilities [C] possibilities

[B] qualities [D] realities

Part VI Translation(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.注意： 此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答，只需寫出譯文部分。

87.________________________________________________________(為了確保他參加會議), I called him up in advance.88.The magnificent museum ________________________________________(據說建成于)about a hundred years ago.89.There

would

be

no

life

on

earth ___________________________________________(沒有地球獨特的環境).90.___________________________________(給游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.91.They requested that __________________________________________(我借的書還回圖書館)by next Friday.作文范文：

版本一：

Help Children to Be Independent

Thanks to the “family plan”policy,today in China many families have one child.Loving and caring for children is an old Chinese tradition that has remained for thousands of years.But the children are spoilt so much that they have less independence.They rely on their parents in everything.That is bad for a child's growing.Therefore,parents should develop the children's independence instead of doing everything for them.There are some ways to help children to be independent.First of all,you should believe your children can do the things well.Second,give them more chances to practise,when they don't know how to do it,just tell them the way.Third,don't be afraid to see them fail.In the beginning,they may do something bad.But don't worry,just let them try again.They can do the work as well as you if given more time.To be independent is good for the children.A child who is independent will succeed easily in the future.版本二：

Part Ⅰ

Writing

How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent

Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage.Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent.The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood.Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator.And only with parents’ trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.Part Ⅱ

Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

1.A)People instinctively seek nature in different ways.解析：第一段最后一句直接給出關鍵字profound belief, whether 引導的從句對應答案中的instinctively

2.D)Things that are purchased.解析：第二段最后一句，what is best對應題目中的prefer, that is to say作為暗示直接引出之后的things that can be bought,選擇D

3.B)More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.解析：題干中有關瑞典研究，定位到第四段第一句，結合語義，不難得出B的正確答案

4.D)are less likely to be involved in bullying

解析：A選項具有干擾性，第三段結尾給出自然熏陶能夠提高學生學科水平的線索，但考慮到快速閱讀題的傳統，即題目順序對應文章順序，所以應該定位到第四段之后的內容，即大段有關bullying的段落，得出答案D。

5.B)Provide more green spaces for them.解析：對應第八段內容，作者通過否定患兒對藥物的依賴性來給出自己的建議，結合全文主旨自然環境的重要性，得出B答案

6.B)They enjoy a life of better quality.解析：第九段第二句點出老齡人口增長的側重點是在高質量的生活水平上，緊接著又指出綠色的生活方式是達到該種高質量生活水平的最重要因素。

7.C)access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence

解析：十一段引文中can reduce violent behavior，直接對應C選項

8.separated

解析：題干是有關人們錯誤觀念的問題，找到倒數第三段的關鍵段error引導的內容，再對應到humanity and the natural world，得出separated(照抄原文separable與can重復，separable本身詞義即能夠分離的)

9.the wild world

解析：最后一段第二句直接命中題干，照抄the wild world即可。

10.harmony

解析：最后幾段內容的小標題直接給出harmony

版本二：

1.people instinltively

2.things purchused

3.more access

4.are less

5.provide

6.they enjoy

7.access to

8.separable things

9.the wild world

10.harmony 聽力： 版本一：

Part Ⅲ

Listening Comprehension

Section A

短對話(11~18)

答案及解析：

11.A)The man should visit the museums.B)She can’t stand the hot weather.C)The beach resort is a good choice.D)She enjoys staying in Washington.答案：D

解析：Woman最后說到I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature.這表明了她待在這里很愉快，很享受待在華盛頓，故選D。

12.A)Her new responsibilities in the company.B)What her job prospects are.C)What the customers’ feedback is.D)The director’s opinion of her work.答案：D

解析：Woman說到but I wish the director would give me some feedback.這表明了她希望得到director的意見(即反饋)，故選D。

13.A)Combine her training with dieting.B)Repeat the training every three days.C)Avoid excessive physical training.D)Include weightlifting in the program.答案：C

解析：Man以自己上次因運動(舉重)過量而受傷為例，建議女士應該量力而行，避免過量運動，故選C。

14.A)When she will return home.B)Whether she can go by herself.C)Whether she can travel by air.D)Whether she will completely recover.答案：C

解析：Man開頭就說到I’m worried about her going on a plane.從中可知，他擔心的是年老的母親能不能乘飛機，故選C。

15.A)The woman knows how to deal with the police.B)The woman had been fined many times before.C)The woman had violated traffic regulations.D)The woman is good at finding excuses.答案：C

解析：警察開頭問到 Why didn’t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads? 通過這句話就可以知道女士沒有遵守交通規則，故選C。

16.A)Switch off the refrigerator for a while.B)Have someone repair the refrigerator.C)Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.D)Buy a refrigerator of better quality.答案：B

解析：Man說到 Maybe you should have it fixed，女士回答到You’re right.這說明女士也同意男士的看法，但并未提到讓這個男士來修，故選B。

17.A)He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.B)He has got enough money to buy a house.C)He can finally do what he has dreamed of.D)He is moving into a bigger apartment.答案：C

解析：Man第二句話說到Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I’ve had my eye on and build a house on it.表明他能實現買地建房的理想了，故選C。

18.A)She is black and blue all over.B)She has to go to see a doctor.C)She stayed away from work for a few days.D)She got hurt in an accident yesterday.答案：D

解析：Woman說的第一句話是My hands still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.從中可知這位女士昨天在冰上滑倒受傷了，但是男士認為傷勢并不嚴重，只建議她休養幾天就可以了，不必去看醫生。C是較強的干擾項，應該是女士現在需要休息而不是過去已經休息了幾天，故選D。對話精析：

第一個短對話：

談論天氣the heat is unbearable，強調有了華盛頓的museums and restaurants，天氣再熱也無所謂I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature.學會看看生活中的積極因素，有了博物館和餐館，天氣再熱都熱愛華盛頓，這是何等的樂天精神啊!

第二個短對話：

談論新工作，I’m learning a lot of new things, but I wish the director would give me some feedback.我學了很多新東西呢，但是我希望上司能給我點反饋！!feedback是反饋也是答案的題眼。這位女士想知道什么呢，想知道上司對她的看法嘛!

第三個短對話：

關于鍛煉身體的，還是關于制定鍛煉身體的計劃的!Can you help me work out a physical training program, John?你能幫我制定個鍛煉的項目嗎?Sure, but whatever you do be careful not to overdo it.當然啦，不過不管你做什么，得小心點別過頭啊!接下來的句子是舉例子Last time I had two weeks’ worth of weight-lifting in three days and I hurt myself.上次我三天就完成了兩個星期的舉重的訓練，結果我就受傷了。

問題是這個男人要建議這個女人什么?

四六級考試委員會一片苦心啊，這里分明在告誡同學們，平時鍛煉身體悠著點兒。

第四個短對話：

這個對話好!弘揚愛護老人的美德的!

兒子說，我媽媽年紀大啦，I have an elderly mother 然后表達他對媽媽乘飛機的擔心 I’m worried about her going on a plane.Is there any risk?有沒有危險啊?

接下來，醫生的回答，再次體現四六級客觀而樂觀的精神，Not if her heart is all right.If she has a heart condition, I’d recommend against it.她心臟沒問題就沒事啊，如果她心臟有問題的話，那我就不建議她去(乘飛機啦)

第五個短對話：

交通違規怎么做?!四六級聽力教你謙恭有禮做回答。首先，第一句的男士質問，Why didn’t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads?我們第一次示意讓你在交叉口停車，你干嘛不停呢?(潛臺詞是，瞧，還不是被我給逮回來訓話了么?!在這種情況之下，這位女士態度是誠懇的，Sorry, I was just a bit absent-minded.Anyway, do I have to pay a fine? 對不起啊，我有點心不在焉。但不管怎么說，我需要罰款嗎?

人嘛，都是有時候情緒化的嘛，并且我認罰，這句子學會了順便大家開車的素質都提高了哈!

第六個短對話：

家庭瑣事。

第一個人說，I’m no expert我不是專家but that noise in your refrigerator doesn’t sound right.Maybe you should have it fixed.但是你冰箱里面的噪音聽起來不大對啊，也許你應該去修理了吧。have it fixed這個結構是考官們發誓要考生學會的have sth done的結構。

第二個人開腔了，You’re right.對話基調釘牢，我同意你，就是冰箱確實壞了。And I suppose I’ve put it off long enough.我恐怕我已經拖得夠久了，put off,另一個考官立誓要教會全中國考生的內容，拖延，put off,核心之核心。

問題，這女的可能會怎么做呢?

她學會了核心單詞聽懂了整個對話以后，一定會去修冰箱！并且，這里強調 是找人修冰箱，have it fixed而不是她自己修!she will fix it herself.第七個短對話：

買房問題。全國熱議啊，考試考到的角度那是真叫一個藝術!

我市區的公寓賣得不錯!I did extremely well on the sale of my downtown apartment.也就是說賣了一個好價錢啦!Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I’ve had my eye on and build a house on it.現在，我可有錢買一塊我早就看中的地啦，我能建一所房子啦!

偷偷感嘆下，這說明了城鄉的房價是多么滴有茶具啊!不過考官還是仁慈的，不考那么隱晦的，來個簡單的，聽到這句話的人呢說Congratulations!Does that mean you’ll be moving soon?

恭喜你啊，那這是不是說明你很快要搬家了啊?!

問題問我們知道第一個陳述的那個男人什么情況?!簡單，字面意思就夠你用來解答了，賣公寓了有了錢買地建房子了!

第八個短對話：

還是運動，不過這里面涉及了一點點西方的固定搭配，black and blue又黑又藍，這實際上說的是咱中文里面的，身上摔得又青又紫。

第一個人是在說她昨天在冰上摔了一跤，手到現在還疼呢，My hand still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.I wonder if I broke something.我想知道我是不是摔壞哪兒了啊

(I wonder if這個句型好，走過路過不要錯過，I wonder if I could get married with Sister Phoenix我真想知道我能不能娶鳳姐啊?!)

下面這位男士的回答是，I’m no doctor, but it’s not black and blue or anything.Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.我不是醫生，但是如果沒有什么又青又紫也沒其他問題的話，也許你只是需要休息幾天罷了。

問題，此女發生了什么問題? 長對話(19~25)

答案及解析：

19.What do we learn about the woman?

答案：D)She was a witness to the crime.解析：文中男士需要女士描述一下搶劫銀行的人(describe the man who robbed the bank)。選項中B提到了robbery，但是對話中沒有說明女士是受害者(victim);D選項提到了她目擊了某個犯罪經過，robbery顯然是crime的一種。

20.What did the suspect look like?

答案：A)A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.解析：原文中提到The man was tall, six foot, and he had dark hair, and he had moustache.，對應選項A。

21.What did the man finally asked the woman to do?

答案：A)Identify the suspect from pictures.解析：對話結尾處，男士要求女士look at some photographs，很顯然，他的目的是讓女士通過照片來辨別嫌疑人。因此選擇A。

22.How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy?

答案：A)By reading a newspaper ad.解析： job vacancy指空缺的職位。在對話一開始，女士就說到她的目的：I’m calling about the job that was in the paper last night.從這句話中可以看出她得知職位信息的來源是the paper last night，對應A選項。

23.Why did the woman find the job appealing?

答案：B)She could work close to her family.解析：本題關鍵詞是appealing，意為引起興趣的。女士提到她喜歡這份工作的原因是be near to the family.，close是near的同義替換詞，因此選擇B選項。

24.What had the woman been doing in Geneva?

答案：C)Working as a secretary.解析：女士提到她在日內瓦做了一些secretarial work，也就是選項C中的secretary。雖然她也提到之前在大學學習，但是她取得的學位是a degree in English，而非選項D中的a degree in French.25.What was the woman asked to do in the end?

答案：C)Send in a written application as soon as possible.解析：對話中女士希望得到面試機會，但是男士要求先要遞交書面申請(reply a writing to the advertisement)，并不是所有人都能得到面試機會，因此選擇答案C。

題材考點分析：

長對話第二篇圍繞女士求職面試展開，男士問了很多關于女士個人信息的問題，女士做出回答。做題時需要考生把握住對話大意、抓住細節信息以及兩人的態度。

對話中的考點主要集中在細節、重點一些詞組含義，以及同意詞組替換。對話中關鍵信息包括：been working in Geneva, secretarial work, degree in English, be near to the family, applications in writing等。考題也正是針對這些關鍵信息出的，在聽的時候考察考生對于細節的把握，尤其是敘述相同類型的事情時，更需要記下其中的區別，從而在做題時能夠準確的選出選項。如對話中提到女士會French和English，區別是會說French，拿到了degree in English.其中有幾題考察同義詞組替換。比如23題中用close替換了near，24題中用secretary替換了secretarial work。選項中頻頻出現同義詞組替換，由此可見考生平時應該注意積累同一個意思不同的表達法。

另外，從說話的語氣和表達情緒的詞，也可以聽出說話人的態度。比如女士在問到能否安排面試時，男士的回答 “Well, I’m afraid?” 由此看出男士否定了女士的想法。因此在做題中，很容易地排除了安排面試的選項。

總體來說，這篇聽力難度中等，關鍵是要抓住細節。

答案，手摔了，焦慮，問了一男的，這男的很冷靜，告訴她沒啥事。

Section B

Passage One

聽力文章分析：

本文難度不大，生詞和難詞不是很多，關鍵是整體上的及關鍵句的理解。先是消防隊員在營救火災中時常遇到小孩對消防隊員的設備不熟悉，以為是帶著面具的怪獸(monster)，從而躲起來，無法得到及時營救而喪失的現象入手，引出Eric Velez為了防止此類現象再次發生，在社區里開始對孩子消防知識的教育。再舉例進一步說明教育性質的演講在拯救生命的巨大作用。最后再簡略地說下此類演講的其他作用。

做題要點：

(1)抓關鍵句。一般篇章類聽力，篇幅較長，聽的時候一定要學會準確提取有用的信息，如原因目的、結果、數字、開頭和結尾部分等。

“because they think they have seen a monster” “To prevent such tragedies, fire fighter Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community, explaining that they should never hide during a fire.” “But it’s a fact that informative speaking saves lives.” “Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who is choking on food,” “In addition to saving lives,”

這幾句就包括了所有題目的答案，只要抓住這幾句并理解了其意，題目就不難做出。

(2)抓住細節，但無需執著于細節。

本文的題目每題都設置了很多細節干擾項。如果太過執著于細節，如frightened by smoke and noise;Eric Velez learnt Spanish from his immigrant parents 就會使得做題時容易被細節分心，從而無法立即準確地判斷和加以選擇。

重點詞匯：

fire fighters 消防隊員 monster怪獸、怪物 heartbreaks 傷心事 catch a glimpse of 瞥見 masked戴面具的 oxygen mask 氧氣面罩 informative 教育性的，有益的 答案及解析：

26.D)They mistake the firefighters for monsters.解析：細節題，從開始when children catch a glimpse of the masked fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster一句中便可得出因為不熟悉消防人員戴面具的形象，孩子們以為來救援的消防人員是怪獸，所以躲起來。所以選D。其他選項文中都沒有涉及到。

27.B)He often teaches children what to do during a fire.解析：本篇文章大篇幅講的是Eric Velez給社區里的孩子講解消防知識，讓他們熟悉消防人員及消防工具的過程。選項A，put out fire雖然是Eric Velez的工作，但是本文重點不是在其消防員救活這個工作上，C、D選項很容易就可以排除。所以選B。

28.A)He saved the life of his brother choking on food.解析：細節題，從Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who is choking on food一句便可得出答案，文章中關于Pete Gentry的主要信息就是他救了噎著食物的弟弟。所以選A。做題時一定要把人名及其所做的事準確對應起來。

29.D)Informative speeches can save lives.解析：主旨題，本文舉了一個大例子，一下小例子來證明教育性的演說有救人性命的好處。雖然在文章最后也列舉了下其他好處，但是主旨還是拯救生命。所以選D。其他幾個選項都主要講細節處，很容易就可以排除。

Passage Two

聽力文章分析：

本篇聽力講述的是截然不同的兩種生活態度，一種是“make and save a lot of money in order to retire early”，另一種則是“live only for today”，作者在陳述兩種不同態度之后，針對兩種態度給出了自己的看法“it's better to pick the spend-all approach”。本篇聽力不是太難，沒有較難的詞匯，雖然有幾個需要注意的句式，如：“At the other extreme are people who live only for today.Why bother saving? ”等，但是通過上下文也是不難理解的，而且結構也比較清楚，基本上可以分為三部分：兩種不同的態度和作者的觀點，所考察的三道題也上針對了這三個主要的點。由此可見，聽聽力的時候依然首先要從全文來把握，把握文章的要點，在把握要點的基礎上，有重點的去聽一些細節，如與要點相關的原因和后果，以及作者本人對這些事情的看法，遇到與此相關的信號詞或者關鍵詞時就一定要注意重點記憶。

答案及解析：

30.C)To make money for early retirement.解析：本題考察原因，問為什么人們喜歡比較苛求但收入較高的工作，其實聽力一開始就用in order to 給出了原因，即：retire early，所以選C項。

31.A)They may have to continue to work in old age.解析：本題考察后果，問只為當下而活的人面臨著什么危險，從“The earlier neglect of saving, however, makes it difficult not to work when you are older.”中可以看出A是正確選項，及在年老時有可能不得不繼續工作。

32.B)Enjoying yourself while you can.解析：本課考察文章作者的態度，從 “Postponing doing what you love and being with people you love until retirement can be a mistake.”中可以看出，作者認為想等到退休后再做自己想做的事情以及和自己喜歡的人在一起可能是一種錯誤，所以選B，即趁著自己還可以的時候要懂得享受生活。

Passage Three

聽力文章分析：

此篇短文聽力難度適中。敘述者，即文中的speaker，通過記敘自己的境遇表達個人觀點。三個自然段分別對應文章后的三道題，結構清晰明了，題目答案導向明確。

第一段通過開篇點題引出本文話題，“以偏概全”著實有失公平;

第二段記敘一個發生在Graben Gore 飯店的故事，關鍵句：A new sign in the window told the story.“No more than two students at a time”;

第三段同樣是記敘一個發生在藥店的故事，故事情節較為簡單。

此三題聽時關鍵在于抓關鍵句子，個別人名等不需做過多關注。

答案及解析：

33.C)Innocent people being suspected groundlessly。

文章第一段中，由”How fair will that be”的前一句和后一句均可推出此答案。前一句即“一個鄰居犯了法，所有的鄰居們都成了懷疑對象”。后一句即“因為有些學生小偷小摸，所有的學生就都被當成小偷來看待??”，二者表明一個意思，即“無辜者被毫無理由的懷疑屬實不公平”。

34.D)Allowing only two students to enter at a time。

第一個小故事中的一個關鍵句后面緊跟答案。該關鍵句為，”A new sign in the window told the story.”

而這個sign的內容就是緊隨其后的“No more than two students at a time”.35.B)He was closely watched.此題需要自己稍作總結，最后一個小故事說到文中的“我”去藥店，卻一直被盯著;此事讓“我”很是不滿。Section C

36.preserve

37.appreciate

38.households

39.chat

40.convenient

41.rates

42.receive

43.submit

44.They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events, as well as jokes and their philosophies of life.45.A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts.46.This writing practice brings rewards that can’t be seen in bank accounts

版本二：

11.A, get

12.B, buying

13.A, taking p

14.B, he

15.D, he

16.C, her gym

17.D, The

18.A，Indifferent.19.C，he has

20.B，learn

21.C, every

22.A, what to

23.D.A financial trader

24.B, He considers

25.D, It can

26.D)They mistake the firefighters for monsters。

27.A)He often teaches children what to do during a fire。

28.D)He saved the life of his brother choking on food。

29.D)Informative speeches can save lives。

30.C)To make money for early retirement。

31.A)They may have to continue to work in old age

32.B)Making wise use of your time。

33.C)Innocent people being suspected groundlessly。

34.D)Allowing only two students to enter at a time。

35.B)He was closely watched。

international

revolution

emphasized

poor-paying

effectively

freelancewriter

conditioned

reasonably

The earthquake left thousands of people in urgent need of medicar care.45 There is no denying the fact that he has directed the most popular film in ten years.46 A lighted cigarette thrown out of a car or train window can star a fire.版本一：

Part Ⅳ

Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)

Section A

47.M)raised

48.L)psychological

49.E)contributions

50.A)abilities

51.B)achieve

52.N)smart

53.I)extent

54.J)indicates

55.G)essentially

56.H)eventually

47.raise在這里的意思是“養育”，the environment in which you were raised 意思是“你成長的環境”。

48.“psychological activity”意思是“心理活動”，全句意思是“研究基因和外部環境如何相互作用影響人心理活動的學科被稱為行為遺傳學”。

49.“make contributions to”為固定搭配，意為“為??做貢獻”。

50.“ability to ?”意思是“做某事的能力”，在此處，全句意思是“任何一篇宣稱人類做出某種行為的能力是基于生物學的研究都是有爭議的”。

51.“limitations to what you can achieve”意思是“對你所能達到的水平的限制”。

52.此處需填一個形容詞，而且用來形容人，根據題意，smart符合題意，表示“機靈，可愛”。

53.此處填extent，主要是因為后面有to，“to the extent ?”譯為“??的程度”。

54.indicate 意思是“表明，顯示”。全句意為“越來越多的科學(現象)表明基因對人類很多特征有基礎作用”。

55.essentially 的意思是“實際上，本質上”。全句意為“從這個角度來講，人一出生，本質上就像是還沒洗出來的照片：相已經照了，但是最終會呈現多少就在于顯影的過程了”。

56.eventually 副詞，意思是“最終，最后”。

Section B

Passage One

57.C)few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

推理題。“one-way street” 字面意思是“單行道”，含有只能從一個方向前進卻很難往相反方向前進的意思，用了比喻用法。文章第二句就解釋說明了這個“one-way street”在文中的含義。大學里的學者去商界創業的現象不算稀奇，但是反過來就不怎么常見。所以選擇C選項。

58.A)keeps someone from taking action

推理題。“deterrent”有妨礙物的意思。在文中需要通過上下文來理解。單詞前的意思是“薪水永遠是最大的?因為很多人覺得到大學里工作就會減少工資，從而無法養家糊口。”從后面半句，我們可以推斷出deterrent的意思，所以選A選項。

59.B)Her research interests.細節題。答案在Para3Line3可以找到。“Her main reason for? to take advantage of the great freedom to choose research questions.”表明Helen Lee換行主要考慮到的是自己可以比較自由地選擇研究領域，即個人的研究興趣。所以選擇B選項。

60.D)exploit better intellectual opportunities

細節題。本題比較簡單，在Para3最后一句“felt it worthwhile for the great intellectual opportunities”就可以找到答案。

61.A)Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in job market.推理題。本著一題對應一段的一般原則，我們應該在最后一段里找答案。“the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry in?“that will help students get a job when they graduate”段落主要是在講industrial scientists到大學教學后的主要貢獻。所以選擇A項。

Passage Two

62.D)marriage contributes to a great deal of longevity

解析：第一段提到“but the biggest longevity boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship.”緊接著就說到“The effect was first noted in 1958 by William Farr,?”。句中的boost和選項D中的contribute有相近的意思，故選擇D。

63.B)marriage can help make up for ill heath

解析：Linda Waite舉例子說到一個有心臟病的已婚男人可以比未婚但是健康的男人多活4年。因此，婚姻可以彌補身體不健康帶來的不利因素，故選B。

64.A)the disadvantages of being married

解析：flip side的愿意是唱片的另一面，在這里前面已經分析過婚姻的好處，這里指的就是婚姻的反面，故選A。

65.A)They have effects similar to those a marriage.解析：第二段最后一句?how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.故選擇A。

66.B)To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.解析：最后一段提到如果想生活的更長久到100歲，就要發展自己的社交網絡，故選B。版本二：

47.raised

48.displayed

49.contributions

50.abilities

51.achieve

52.smart

53.proceeds

54.indicates

55.essentially

56.evevtually

57.few?university

58.attracts?

59.her?interests

60.exploit?

61.Increase?

62.marriage?illness

63.marriage?health

64.the?married

65.they?need

66.To?

完形填空：

版本一：

Part Ⅴ

Cloze

67.D came out

68.C less

69.D by

70.A almost

71.B developed

72.C growth

73.B lead

74.A pressure

75.B services

76.B into

77.C driven

78.C wealth

79.C unless

80.D expand

81.C at

82.C common

83.A major

84.D trend

85.C but

86.B possibilities

解析：

67.D came out 表示出版，公布，這里表示報告的公布。

68.C less 根據上下文可知這里說的是都市人口的增長，強調之前的少和現在的多，所以用少于更合適。less than：少于，不到。

69.D by 在這里表示截止到某時間為止。

70.A almost 幾乎，將近，對前面的解釋，說明人口有多少。

71.B developed 根據上下文意思，以及后文相對的developing world可知應該是發達國家，即：developed countries。

72.C growth 仔細閱讀的話可以發現下文就有答案，這里講的是都市人口的增長，所以用growth。

73.B lead lead to表示導致，通向，本段末也有出現過，在這里是說都市化有助于社會和經濟的進步。

74.A pressure 從下文的描述可以看出過快的都市化也給城市帶來了巨大壓力，所以選pressure。

75.B services 服務，城市為人們提供住房和服務。

76.B into 介詞選擇，move into 移入，遷入;固定搭配。

77.C driven 表示推動，驅動，driven by 由?驅動，由什么原因引起的。

78.C wealth 財富;social division and differences in wealth 社會分化和財富上的差距。

79.C unless 除非，這里說的是除非城市規劃更好，否則各部分財富分配不均的局面將可能導致犯罪問題。

80.D expand 指擴張，expand into rural areas 擴張到農村地區。

81.C at at a much faster rate 以更快的速度，固定搭配

82.C common 表示某事件很普遍，平常。從下文的across America可知這種情況很普遍很常見。

83.A major major cities，大城市，與后文中的smaller cities形成對比

84.D trend 趨勢，這里是對前面情況的概括，a trend toward de-urbanization 表示一種逆城市化的發展趨勢。

85.C but 表示轉折，說城市還是有自身優點的，與前面的“逆城市化”形成轉折關系。

86.B possibilities 可能性，這里表示城市依然能夠提供農村所不能提供的機會和可能性。

整篇解析：

這篇完型填空取材自2009年10月9日的VOA Special English節目，談論的是城市發展的問題。從抓主旨的角度來說，這樣一篇小小200詞的文章，縱覽了世界城市發展史，又橫覽了城市化帶來的種種問題，里面的核心論點之間邏輯關聯緊密，考生如果沒有任何背景知識和推理能力，解題會遇到一定的困難。比如說第二個空格，很多考生在more 和less之中猶豫不決，在沒有具體背景信息的情況之下，就需要依據上下文的文脈進行推理。既然強調的是城市化的迅速發展，從5%到幾乎70%，這個5%前面究竟填入超過還是不到。從作者的敘述語氣一致可以推知，他必定在感嘆這個變化的巨大，因此前文應該是不到5%。對于into/at這樣一些介詞小詞的考查歷來都是完型填空的重點，move into cities/ at a faster rate，這都是比較容易選擇的基礎搭配。版本二：

67.came out

68.less

69.By

70.almost

71.fertile

72.growth

73.lead

74.pressure

75.surroundings

76.into

77.driven

78.treasure

79.when

80.expand

81.at

82.frequent

83.major

84.trend

85.While

86.qualities 翻譯 版本一：

Part Ⅵ

Translation

87.___________________(為了確保他參加會議)，I called him up in advance.解析：In order to ensure him to attend the meeting

To ensure his attendance at the meeting

【結構分析】本題句子的主干 “I called him up in advance”已經給出，無需翻譯，需要翻譯部分為“為了確保他能參加會議”。該部分在句子中作目的狀語

【考點解釋】本題考查是目的狀語。①目的狀語可以由to/in order to來引導。②確保 ensure sb to do 確保某人做某事，ensure sth 確保某事

【原句精釋】為了確保他參加會議，我已經提前給他電話了。

88.The significant museum________________(據說建成于)about a hundred years ago.解析：is said to have been built

【結構分析】本題句子的主語為the significant museum，缺謂語，即(據說建成于)about a hundred years ago為時間狀語。

【考點解釋】本題重點考查：①被動語態。主語museum與動詞build之間為被動關系;且bulid這一動作發生在過去。②據說 be said to;be said to+ 動詞不定式的完成時，表示不定式表示的動作已經完成。

【原句精釋】據說這座意義深遠的博物館大約建成于一百年前。

89.There would be no life on earth ____________________(沒有地球獨特的環境)。

解析: without its unique environment but for its unique environment

【結構分析】本題句子含有There be結構。主干完整，there主語，would be 謂語，no life 表語，on earth 地點狀語

【考點解釋】本題重點考查：①without的用法 without 是介詞，后接名詞;同時，表示“沒有”，除without外，還可用but for;②單詞拼寫 unique adj.獨特;environment n.環境 ③當名詞重復出現時，可適當使用代詞，避免重復。

【原句精釋】沒有地球獨特的環境，地球上就不會有生命。

90.______________________________(給游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.解析：What impressed the tourists most

【結構分析】本題句子為主系表結構，主語即考查部分，was 系動詞，剩余部分為表語。

【考點解釋】本題重點考查①what引導的主語從句;what可引導句子充當主語;②impress用法 給?留下印象 impress sb;③最高級的用法most;結合考點②③，可推出“給?印象最深”為impress sb most

【原句精釋】當地人的友善與熱情給游客們留下了最深的印象。

91.They requested that ___________________________(我借的書還回圖書館)by next Friday.解析：books I borrowed(should)be returned to the library

I(should)return the book I borrowed to the library

【結構分析】本題句子的主干部分分別是they 主語，request 謂語，后接that引導的賓語從句。

【考點解釋】①request的用法。request v.要求;當request表示“要求”時，引導的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣，即(should)+ 動詞原形。②定語從句。“我借的書”，the book(that)I borrowed;③單詞的拼寫。歸還 return，借 borrow，圖書館 library ④本題就此題提供了兩個版本的答案，但在表示“規定，規則”時，被動語態更為常用。

【原句精釋】他們要求我在下周五之前把借的書還回圖書館。

版本二：

87.In order to ensure him to attend the meeting

88.was said to be founded

89.without the special environment on earth

90.what the tourists were impressed by

91.the books that I borrowed be returned to the library

第五篇：2009年大學英語四級真題答案

2009年大學俄語四級考試真題答案

ЧАСТЬ Ⅱ 21.А.22.Б.23.Б.24.В.25.Б.26.Б.27.Б.28.В.29.А.30.Б.31.Б.32.А.33.Б.34.В.35.А.36.Б.37.А.38.Б.39.В.40.Б.ЧАСТЬ Ⅲ

41.現在40%的美國人是從互聯網上了解大部分國內外新聞的。答案：A

узнать кого-что表示①認出，指認出原來曾經認識、熟悉的人或物，或指根據某些共同特點，判斷出人、物屬于哪類；②主動詢問、打聽、力求獲知的行為③認清、了解、體驗到。指對人、人的特點、事物等獲得本質的、真實的、深入的認識；或對不熟悉的人或物有所了解；指親身經歷、體驗到貧困、痛苦、歡樂等。

познать кого-что意為“認識”，指人的頭腦等對客觀世界、規律本質的反映。該詞還有“認清、了解、看出”的意思，指對人或對事知道的清清楚楚，帶有書面語的色彩。

признать кого-что是“承認”的意思。

42.根據阿什哈巴德的報道，土庫曼斯坦要實行對外開放和廣泛的國際合作政策。答案：В

переводить, приводить, проводить這是一組近形詞，其中：

переводить-перевести кого-что表示 ①領，帶領，領某人到某地方②遷到，安置到，調到，撥到③調任，調轉④翻譯⑤匯寄等意義。приводить-привести кого-что表示①引領，帶領②[只用于第三人稱]通往，開到③[只用于第三人稱]使得出，做出（結論，決定等）

④使處于某種狀態，使陷入某種心境，使??發生作用

проводить-провести кого-что表示①引領，領??通過②敷設，修筑③實現，實行，實施，使?通過④進行，舉行⑤度過，住，待（若干時間）

43.大學生們沒有忘記提醒老師應該在明天舉行的會議。答案：Б

запомнить表示“記住，記牢”的意思；напомнить表示“提醒，使??想起，使??記起”的意思；вспомнить表示“記起，想起，回憶起”。

44.每一位住在俄羅斯的公民和擁有俄羅斯護照的公民都應該知道國家的國歌。

此題考察形動詞和副動詞的用法和意義，題目中很明顯需要一個修飾паспорт的形容詞，又由于這是個主動行為所以只能選Б.45.在這項工作中奠定了地質物理學研究新方式的理論基礎。答案：A

заложить кого-что表示把??放在??，把??放在??的后面；放滿，堆滿，堵住；打下、奠定??的基礎；存儲等意義。

вложить кого-что во что表示“把??放入，裝入??的里面；投資，投入”的意義。

положить(клать)кого-что表示①平放，放置，安置，放入，存入②盛放

46.這個論題太重要，應該將其從中學大綱中刪除。答案：Б

這里考察的是形容詞長短尾的意義的區別：長尾表示長期的，相對穩定的特征；短尾則表示暫時的特征。

47.中華人民共和國主席胡錦濤和俄聯邦總統普京共同宣布2007年為俄羅斯中國年。答案：В宣布??為??：要用結構объявить кого-что кем-чем

48.列寧格勒以其在衛國戰爭中的英勇表現而獲得了英雄城市的稱號。答案：Б。動詞достичь+кого-чего.49.俄聯邦和美國在2009年就肉類貿易上簽署了新的協議。表示“關于??，在??方面”時要借助于前置詞по

51.中國在北京奧運會上獲得了金牌總數第一名。答案：Б.52.橋梁的設計方案在開工前一個月被提案通過。答案：Б。記住結構：за сколько времени до кого-чего

53.2008年美國作為國際信息的主要源泉的互聯網登上了榜首位置。答案：Б

54.盡管在農業方面我國取得了很大的成就，但在很多方面仍需完善。答案：В

55.要是人們都能很好地了解我國的憲法的話，有很多的問題就可以避免。答案：В

56.我完全贊同這個申請中的所有內容，沒有什么可以補充的。答案：Б.57.這個資料你既可以通過互聯網獲得，也可以在老師的幫助下獲得。答案：В.58.在美國的一個州內由于石油價格的下降從而使得石油的儲存量在某地方增多。答案：В

59.有人給被普京在2008年12月4日邀請到樅樹晚會上的那個女孩買了飛機票。答案：А.60.在那個傳出歌聲的那個學校的大禮堂里正在舉行俄羅斯文化晚會。答案：В

61.Б 62.А 63.В 64.А 65.В.66.А.67.Б 68.В 69.Б.70.Б.ЧАСТЬ ⅣПЕРЕВОД(10 баллов, 15 минут)

71.但是無論我們每個人多么自詡自己是這方面的專家，而關于愛情的定義卻像世人一樣是千變萬化、多種多樣的。

72.很多人認為如果家庭成員能履行自己的家庭責任的話，即使沒有愛現代家庭也是很完美的。

73.實際上愛是人所體會到并傳遞給別人的一種快樂。

74.母親和孩子的情感聯系表現在母親愛自己的孩子。這種情感是平等的，是培養愛的能力大的基本訓練

75.愛的能力，這不是天生的，而是家庭對孩子培養的結果。