第一篇：2010級電子信息專業英語卷子

一．FPGA：現場可編程門陣列

ASSP: 專用標準器件

VHDL: 極高速集成電路硬件描述語言

ADSL: 非對稱數字用戶環線

DMM: 數字萬用表

AFG: 任意函數發生器

RTOS: 實時操作系統

WLAN: 無線局域網

MPEG: 運動圖象專家組

DCT: 離散余弦變換

二.定制類：Custom Class

采樣保持電路：Sample and hold circuit

知識產權：Intellectual Property

集成開發工具：Integrated development tool

機頂盒：STB(Set Top Box)

功率耗散：Power dissipation

半導體制造商：Foundry

直接序列擴頻: Direct sequence spread spectrum

量化步長：Quantifying step size

向下（后）兼容：Backward compatible

二．1.An operating system vendor that takes the real-time behavior product seriously will usually

publish a datasheet providing the minim average and maximum number of clock cycles required by each system.如果操作系統提供商能夠認真看待其產品的實時性能的話，那么它一般會通過數據手冊公布每個系統調用所需時鐘周期數的最小值，平均值和最大值。

三．1.因為其靈活性，FPGA廣泛用于ASIC仿真、互聯邏輯集成，或者用作那些功能繁多、標準不斷變化的應用的解決方案。

Known for their flexibility, FPGAs were widely used for ASIC emulation, glue-logic consolidation, or as a solution for applications with volatility and changing standards.2.片上系統是數字化應用及微電子技術迅速發展的產物，是下一代基于數字信號處理產品的主要發展方向之一。它把一種應用系統集成在一個芯片上。通常，為滿足系統的性能要求和提高功率效率，會把數字信號處理器和微控制單元的多處理器處理平臺集成在一起。SOC(System on Chip)is the product of digital application and the rapid development of microelectronics technology, and it is one of the main development directions of next-generation DSP-based products.It integrates an application system on a single chip.In general, in order to meet the system performance requirements and improve power efficiency, DSP and MCU will be integrated to multi-processor platforms.3.“專用集成電路”不是微處理器這樣的通用芯片，而是一種為特殊用途設計的定制芯片。和通用CPU相比，使用專用集成電路可以提高性能。因為專用集成電路是使用硬連線完勝距離工作的，并不需要為取指令和解釋指令付出開銷。

An ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)is a chip that is custom designed for a specific application rather than a general-purpose chip such as a microprocessor.The use of ASICs improves performance over general-purpose CPUs.Because ASIC are “hardwired” to do a specific job and do not incur the overhead of fetching and interpreting stored instructions.

第二篇：電子信息專業英語要點總結

重點詞匯

1.TDM——Time Division Multiplexing 時分復用

FDM CDM 2.PCM——Pulse Code Modulation 脈沖編碼調制

3.PCI——Peripheral Component Interconnect 周邊元件連接口 4.IDE——Integrated Drive Electronics 集成驅動器電路 5.AGP——Accelerated Graphic Port 加速圖形接口 6.USB——Universal Serial Bus通用串行接口

7.HDL——Hardware Description Language 硬件描述語言 8.PLD——Programmable Logic Device 可編程邏輯器件 9.FPGA——Field Programmable Gate Array 現場可編程門陣列 10.ASIC——Application—Specific Integrated Circuit專用集成電路 11.DSP——Digital Signal Processor 數字信號處理器 12.SoC——System-on-Chip 片上系統 13.Learnning curve 學習曲線

14.IEEE——Institute of Electrical and Electrics Engineers 電氣與電子工程師學會

15.sample and hold circuit 采樣與保持電路 16.price/performance ratio 性能價格比 17.harvard architecture 哈佛結構 18.looping scheme 循環機制

19.FFT——Fast Fourier transform 快速傅里葉變換 20.PCB——Printed Circuit Board 印刷電路板 21.SPS——Sample Per Second 每秒樣本數 22.block diagram 方框圖 23.Dolby Stereo 杜比立體聲 24.transmission bandwidth 傳輸帶寬 25.signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比 漢譯英句子

1.“信道”這個術語通常是指頻分多址系統中的一個頻率，時分多址系統中的一個時隙，碼分多址系統中的一個代碼或混合系統中的頻率，時隙，代碼中的某中組合。

The generic term channel is normally used to denote a frequency in FDMA system,a time slot in TDMA system,and a code in CDMA system or a combination of these in a mixed system.2.第三代系統的目的在于為用戶提供一個支持語音，數據，多媒體和視頻服務的無隙網絡，而不論用戶在網絡中的什么位置。

The third-generation systems aim to provide a seamless network that can provide users voice,data，multimedia,and video services regardless of their location on the network.3.邏輯綜合是將電子線路的高級描述轉換為一張邏輯門極其互連列表(即“網表”)的過程。邏輯綜合程序都能理解Verilog和VHDL的某個子集。

Logic synthesis is the conversion of a high-level electronic circuit description into a list of logic gates and their interconnections,called the “netlis”.Every logic synthesis program understands some subset of Verilog and VHDL.4.“復雜可編程邏輯器件”是一種在邏輯模塊之間具有可編程互連的可編程邏輯器件。多數復雜可編程邏輯器件是基于電可擦寫可編程只讀存儲器和閃存的。

CPLD(Complex PLD)is a programmable logic device that includes a reprogrammable interconnect between the logic blocks.CPLDs are mostly EEPROM and flash based.1

5.數字信號處理器(DSP)是無數家用和商用系統的關鍵部分，其應用領域與日俱增。因此，DSP正在成為技術專家和工程師專業知識的重要組成部分之一。

Digital signal processing is an essential element of countless home and business systems.Its domain can only increase as time proceeds.Thus, DSP is becoming an essential area of expertise for technologists and engineers.6.信號(如聲音，光和電壓)是攜帶信息的變化。模擬信號是現實世界中的信號。模擬信號在每個時間點上都有定義，其幅度的取值是無限的。

Signals ,like sound,light,or voltage,are information-bearing variations.Analog signals are real-world signals.They are defined at every point in time and may take an infinite number of possible amplitudes.英譯漢句子

1.Using better compression algorithms, it is possible to get the speech down to 4kbps , in which case six users can be stuffed into a frame, as illustrated in Figure 11.(b).From the operator's perspective , being able to squeeze three to six times as many D-AMPS user is a huge win and explains much of the popularity of PCS.如果使用更好的壓縮算法，還可以把語音數據率降至4kbps；這樣的話，一幀就可以容納6位用戶了。在運營商看來，“3—6位D—AMPS用戶只需占用相當于1位AMPS用戶所需的帶寬”是巨大的成功，而且在很大程度上解釋了“個人通信業務”（PCS,Personal Communication Service）普及的原因。

2.CDMA is completely different from AMPS ,D-AMPS, and GSM.Instead of dividing the allowed frequency range into a few hundred narrow channels, CDMA allows each station to transmit over the entire frequency spectrum all the time.Multiple simultaneous transmissions are separated using coding theory.CDMA also relaxes the assumption that colliding frames are totally garbled.Instead , it assumes that multiple signals add linearly.CDMA和AMPS、D—AMPS及GSM完全不同。CDMA沒有將可用頻帶分割為幾百個窄帶信道，而是允許信號在整個頻譜范圍內傳送。利用編碼原理，CDMA可以將多個同時傳送的信號分離開來。在CDMA中，“相遇數據幀會造成數據混淆”的想法不存在了——CDMA認為多路信號之間是線性相加的。3.Motherboard-This is the main circuit board that all of the other internal components connect to.The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard.Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard or connected to it through a secondary connection.For example , a sound card can be built into the motherboard or connected through PCI.主板：所有其他內部組件都和主板連接。通常，CPU和內部都位于主板上。其他組件可能直接位于主板上，也可能通過某種方式連接到主板上。例如，聲卡可以置于主板上，也可以通過PCI總線連接到主板上。

4.In practical terms , this means that one or two layers of metal interconnect must be designed.Since an integrated circuit requires seven or more processing stages , all the processing steps other than the final metalization can be completed in advance.Because the uncommitted gate arrays can be produced in volume ,the cost of each device is relatively small.從實現角度看，就是要設計一層或兩層的金屬互連線。集成電路的制造流程分為七個步驟（或更多），除去最后一步“金屬化”(metallization)之外，其他步驟都可以提前完成。由于門陣列可以大量生產，所以單個器件成本就比較低。

5.Physical layer communications : FPGAs have long used to implement the glue logic that interfaces between physical layer communication chips and high-level networking protocol layers.The fact that today's high-end FPGAs can contain multiple high-speed transceivers means that communications and networking functions can be consolidated into a single device.物理層通信：長久以來，FPGA用于實現通信芯片和高級網絡協議之間的“膠連”邏輯。實際上，今 2

天的高端FPGA可以容納多個高速無線收發器——即可將通信和網絡功能固化于單個器件中。

6.One of the most important applications of VHDL is to capture the performance specification for a circuit , in the form of what is commonly referred to as a test bench.Test benches are VHDL descriptions of circuit stimuli and corresponding expected outputs that verify the behavior of a circuit over time.Test benches should be an integral part of any VHDL project and should be created in tandem with other descriptions of the circuit.VHDL最重要的應用之一是以所謂“測試平臺”（test bench）的形式記錄電路的性能指標。“測試平臺”是驗證電路時域行為的激勵源及相應期望輸出的VHDL描述。在VHDL工程項目中，“測試平臺”是必不可少的，應該和其他電路描述一同創建。

7.A digital signal is a numerical representation of the analog signal.It may be easier and cost effective to process these signals in the digital world.In the real world ,we can convert these signals into digital signals through the analog-to-digital converter ,process the signals,and if needed ,bring the signals back out to the analog world through the digital-to-analog converter.數字信號是模擬信號的數值表示。在數字世界里，對這些信號進行處理可能會更容易、成本更低。在現實世界中我們可以通過“模數轉換”將信號轉換為數字信號，然后對信號進行處理；如果需要的話，用“數模轉換器”將信號轉換回到模擬世界中去。

8.Keep in mind that the distinction between DSPs and other microprocessors is not always a clear line.For instance ,look at how Intel describes the MMX technology addition to its Pentium processor : “Intel engineers have added 57 powerful new instructions specifically designed to manipulate and process video，audio and graphical data efficiently.These instructions are oriented to the highly parallel , repetitive sequences often found in multimedia operations.”

別忘了:DSPs和其他微處理器的界限并不是很清晰。例如，讓我們看一看inte是如何描述其奔騰處理器新增的MMX技術的：“為了高效操作和處理視頻、音頻和圖形數據，intel工程師新增了57條功能強大的指令。這些指令面向的是多媒體操作中經常出現的、高度并行和重復的程序。”

9.In practical application , these are certainly many other factors to consider when evaluating analog versus digital filters ,or analog versus digital signal processing in general.Most modern signal processing systems use a combination of analog and digital techniques in order to accomplish the desired function and take advantage of the best of both the analog and the digital world.在實際應用中，在評價模擬濾波器和數字濾波器（或模擬信號處理和數字信號處理）的時候，坑定還要考慮許多其他因素。為了實現期望的功能和充分利用兩種技術各自的優勢，多數現代信號處理系統都采用了模擬技術和數字技術相結合的方式。

10.Audiophiles demand the utmost sound quality , and all that factors are treated as secondary.If you had to describe the mindest in the world , it would be : overkill.Rather than just matching the abilities of the human ear ,these systems are designed to exceed the limits of hearing.It's the only way to be sure that the reproduced music is pristine.Digital audio was brought to the world by the compact laser disc, or CD.This was a revolution in music;the sound quality of the CD system far exceeds older systems, such as records and tapes

高保真音響愛好者對聲音質量的要求極高，所有其他因素都被視為次要的。假如要用一個詞來描述這種心理活動的話，那就是“過分”。高保真音響系統不是設計得剛好滿足人類的聽覺需求，而是超越了人類的聽覺極限，這是唯一能夠確保再現音樂無任何失真的辦法。CD帶給世人數字音頻的享受。這是音樂領域里的巨大變化，CD系統的音質遠遠超過了傳統的唱片磁帶。

11.Then the sample are processed in groups of 1152(about 26 msec worth).Each group is first passed through 32 digital filters to get 32 frequency bands.At the same time the input is fed into a psychoacoustic model in order to determine the masked frequencies.Next each of the 32 frequency bands is further transformed to provide a finer spectral resolution.在這之后，樣本以1152(約26ms)為一組進行處理。每組樣本首先通過32個數字濾波器，從而得到32 3

個頻帶。同時，輸入信號進入心理聲學模型以決定被屏蔽的頻率。下一步，32頻帶中的每個頻帶中的每個頻率進一步變換得到更好的頻譜分辨率。

第三篇：專業英語(電子信息與通信工程)

Electroics電子學battery電池

lSI大規模集成電路 ultraviolet紫外線radiation輻射LED發光二級管capacitor電容

integratedcircuit集成電路 wireless telegraph無線電報 passive devices無源器件 電流current二極管diodes

半導體semiconductor真空管vacuum tube 印刷電路printed circuit 高清電視 high definition tv電阻器resistorAmpere 安培Conductivity傳導體 magnetic cor磁芯insulator絕緣體dielectric電解質

thevenin’s theore戴維定理negative termin負極charge電荷

inductance感應系數 polarity極性電感inductor節點hode

等效電阻equivalent resistance

疊加定理superpower theorem

Semiconductor半導體 number system計數制IC集成電路 commutative Law分配率 binary二進制inverter交換器negative否認的sequential時序的雙極型bipolar晶體管transistor N溝道N channel

線性化line

布爾代數boolean algera真值表the table解發器flip-flop

組合邏輯電路combinationallogla circuit 積和式sum-of-products Parasitic capacitance寄生電容

channel bandwidt通道帶寬half-duplex半雙工

spurious frequenc寄生頻率 input match輸入匹配 tuning range調制范圍the baseband amplifier基帶放大器

noise figure噪聲系數 minimum detectable signal最小可檢測信號靈敏度sensitivity 諧波harmonics

阻抗匹配impedance match 本機振蕩the local csillator 過載特性overload characteristics

信道channel

高斯白噪聲white cnaussian noise

中頻inter medium

基帶信號basebandsignal Signal and syste信號與系統 aeronautics and astronautics航空航天

continuous-time signals連續時間信號

signal energy and power信號與功能

total energy總能量 complex number復數 infinite time interval無限時間范圍

average power平均能量 physical system物理系統 automotive vehicl機動車輛

信號處理signal processing 電路設計circuit design離散時間信號discrete-time signal

非零常數nonzerv constant 獨立變量independent variables

瞬時功率instaneous power 無限能量infinite energy相互作用的子系統interconnection-of-subsystems

圖像增強

image-enhancement

第四篇：電子信息工程專業英語總結

Actuator 致動器，執行器 acquisition time采樣時間 address從事，忙于 address pointer地址指針 adjustment 調整，調節 adverse 不利的，相反的 aliasing混疊現象 all in all總而言之 alter 改變 alternative選擇 aluminium 鋁 analogous 類似的 anguish 痛苦，苦惱 antenna 觸角，天線 anti-aliasing filter 抗混疊濾波器 appliance用具，器具 approach 方法 arena競技場，舞臺 array 陣列，數組 asynchronous 異步的 as a consequence因此 as opposed to...與...相反 baseband基帶 base station基站 be encumbered with為...所累 behavioral synthesis行為綜合 be referred to as...被稱作...bipolar 雙極性的 boast 夸耀 Boolean variable布爾變量 budget預算 buffer緩沖器，緩沖區 building block構件，模塊 bulky 容量大的，體積大的 bus interface總線接口 cache 高速緩存 capacitor 電容器 capacity 容量，電容 capture 記錄，輸入 carrier wave載波 cell 細胞，蜂房，電池 cellular 蜂窩狀的 chrominance 色度 circular 圓形的，循環的 commute 通勤 comparator 比較器 compatibility兼容性 component 組件 conditioning 調節，調整 conduct 傳導 configure 配置，設定 consequently 從而，因此 consumption 消耗 consolidated加固的，整理過的，統一的 context上下文，背景，環境 cordless 不用電線的 cordless phone無繩電話 corresponding 相應的 cost-effective 合算的 couple連接，結合 cubic 立方體的，立方的 current source電流源 cryptography密碼系統，密碼術 daunting 使人畏縮的 data processing數據處理 data sheet數據手冊 deceptive欺騙性的 dedicate專用，致力于 deduce推導，演繹 deflection偏轉 descendant 后裔，后代 design flow設計流程 device 器件 diagram 圖表 dial tone撥號音 digitisation 數字化 disadvantage缺點，劣勢 discrete 離散的 drawback 缺點，障礙 drift 漂移 drive 驅動器 dynamic 動態的 dynamic range動態范圍 educated受過教育的，有教養的，有根據的embedded system嵌入式系統 embrace擁抱，包含 emulation仿真 encompass包含 encumber阻礙 end office端局 end product最終產品 ensue跟著發生 erasable 可擦寫的 erroneous錯誤的 even field偶數場 facilitate使容易，使便利 ferroelectric 鐵電的 fiasco 慘敗，大失敗 field-programmable現場可編程的 flicker閃爍，顫動 flip flop觸發器 floppy disk軟盤 for the nonce目前，暫且 for fear of為了避免 formality 手續，禮節，儀式 format 格式 foundry半導體制造商 frame 幀 frame grabber 幀采集器 frequency reuse頻率重用 full-custom全定制的 full scale range滿量程范圍 functional accelerator性能加速器 glue logic膠連邏輯 graphical 圖形的 guesstimate估計，猜測 hand-held手持的，手持式的 handset 電話聽筒，手持機 handy 手邊的，容易取得的 henceforth自此以后，今后 hexagon 六邊形

high-powered 大功率的 humble 級別低的，位置低的 humongous極大的 hybrid 混合的

impediment妨礙，阻礙 implement 實現；器具 in any event無論如何 inbound 輸入的 incoming 輸入的

incoming inspection入廠檢查；輸入檢驗 inconsistent不一致的，矛盾的 incorporate 一體化

incredibly難以置信地，驚人地 incur招致

in conjunction with與...協力 in detail詳細地 inevitably 不可避免 infinite無限的

in motion在運轉，處于活躍狀態 innovative創新的

in one’s own right依靠自身的本領或素質 in parallel并行的，平行的 in practical terms實際上 install 安裝

insulate 絕緣；隔離 integrated 集成的

in terms of根據，在...方面 interface capacitor溝道電容器 interference 干擾，干涉 interlace交織，交錯

interpretation解釋，闡明 in the field在現場

iterative重復的，迭代的 jargon行話

laborious 艱苦的，費力的 leakage 泄露

lessen 減少，減輕

level shifter電平移動器 lifetime 壽命

line driver線路驅動器 lithographic平版印刷的 luminance亮度

macrofunction宏功能 magnetic 磁的

manageable 易處理的 mandate 委任

manipulate 操作，處理 market時常，銷路，行情 mask 掩模，掩碼，掩蔽 mass-produced 大量生產的 mechanical 機械的 memory 存儲器，內存

metal interconnect金屬互聯 metalization 金屬化 methodology 方法學 microcell 微蜂窩

miniaturization 細微化 mixed-signal混合信號 more often than not時常 next state次態

nonrecurring一次性的，不重視的 numerical數值的

Nyquist theorem奈奎斯特定理 octal八管腳的，八進制的 odd field奇數場

of age成熟；發達；充分發展 offset彌補，抵消 optical 光學的

order of magnitude數量級 oscillator 振蕩器 outbound 輸出的

overload使超載，超過負荷；超載，過載 over（a/the）period（of）在某段時間內 packet 封包，分組

packet switching分組交換 parallelism并行度 partition 分割，劃分 passive 無源的 pattern 模式，圖案

pay off帶來利益；償清債務

perceptive 有知覺的，有理解力的 placement 布置，安排 power dissipation功耗 precede領先于

predominant 卓越的，支配的，主要的 present state現態

price/performance ratio性能價格比 prior to先于，在...之前 profession 職業，專業 proportion比例

proposition主張，建議 prototype原型，樣機

put out放出，產生；消除；熄滅 quantization level量化電平rating 等級，級別 real time實時 reciprocal倒數

reconfigurable可重新配置的 refresh 刷新 register 寄存器 routing 布線

run up升起；積欠；匆匆制成

sample and hold circuit采樣保持電路 sampling interval采樣間隔 schematic 原理圖，示意圖 second-level二級的 self-destruction 自毀 semiconductor 半導體 semi-custom半定制的 sequential 時序的 shed棚，小屋

signal conditioner信號調節器 signal-to-noise ratio信噪比 silicon 硅

simultaneously 同時

simulation 模擬，仿真 simulator 模擬器，仿真器 simultaneously同時地 smoothing平滑 solid state固態 sourcing 供貨

specialized 專門的，專用的

specification 技術要求，規格明細 spectral inversion頻譜反轉 spectrum光譜，頻譜，范圍 spurt噴射，迸發，沖刺 squash擠進，擠壓 squeal 長聲尖叫 stability 穩定性 state machine狀態機 static 靜態的

successor 繼承者，接任者；后續的事物 synchronous 同步的 synthesis 綜合

tailor剪裁，修改，調整 textural 文本的

time to market上市時間 transducer 傳感器，變換器 transfer function傳輸函數 transistor 晶體管 trick竅門，訣竅 trigger 觸發

ultimate 最終的，根本的 uncommitted 未確定用途的 underlying根本的，潛在的 undependable 不可靠的 undersampling 欠采樣 vendor 廠商 viable可行的 volatile 易失的

voltage source電壓源 watt 瓦特

well-paid 收入高的 whereas 然而

wireless infrastructure無線基礎設施 wrapp包裹，覆蓋，纏繞 zero order hold零階保持

AMPS.advanced mobile phone system.先進移動電話系統

ASIC.application specific integrated circuit.專用集成電路 ASSP.application-specific standard parts.專用標準器件 CAD.computer aided design.計算機輔助設計

CAM.content addressable memory.內容尋址存儲器 CB.citizen' band.民用波段

CCD.charge-coupled device.電荷耦合器件 CD.compact disc.光盤

CMOS.complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor.互補金屬氧化物半導體 CPLD.complex programmable logic device.復雜可編程邏輯器件 DA.desigh automation設計自動化

DRAM.dynamic random access memory動態隨機存儲器 DSP.digital signal processor數字信號處理器 ECL.emitter coupled logic射極耦合邏輯

EDA.electronic design automation電子設計自動化

EEPROM.electrically erasable programmable rom電可擦除可編程只讀存儲器FCC.federal communications commission聯邦通信委員會 FPGA.field programmable gate array現場可編程門陣列 GBW.gain×bandwidth增益帶寬積

GPP.general-purpose microprocessor通用微處理器

GSM.global system for mobile communication全球移動通信系統 HDL.hardware description language硬件描述語言 IC.intergrated circuit.集成電路

IMTS.improved mobile phone system 改進移動電話系統 ISP.in-system programmable在系統可編程 LP.long playing（record）慢轉密紋唱片 LSI.large-scale integration.大規模集成

MOS.metal-oxide-semiconductor互補金屬氧化物半導體 MTSO.mobile telephone switching office移動電話交換局 MSC.mobile switching center移動交換中心 NRE.nonrecurring engineering一次性工程 ns.nanosecond納秒

NTSC.national television systems committee國家電視系統委員會 OTP.one-time programmable一次可編程 PAL.phase alternation by line逐行倒相

PAL.programmable array logic可編程陣列邏輯 PLA.programmable logic array可編程邏輯陣列 PLD.programmable logic device可編程邏輯器件

PTT.post telephone and telegraph administration郵電管理局 PSTN.public switched telephone network公共交換電話網 RC.reconfigurable computing可重配計算 ROM.read only memory只讀存儲器

RTL.register transfer level寄存器傳輸級 SDR.software-defined radios軟件無線電

SECAM.sequential couleur avec memoire順序與存儲彩色電視系統 SoC.system-on-chip片上系統

SPLD.simple programmable logic devices簡單可編程邏輯器件 SRAM.static random access memory.靜態隨機存取存儲器 UV.ultraviolet紫外線

VHDL.very high speed integrated-circuit hardware-description language 超高速集成電路硬件描述語言

VHSIC.very high speed integrated circuit超高速集成電路 VLSI.very large-scale integration.超大規模集成 μP.microprocessor微處理器

第五篇：電子信息工程專業英語導論考試資料

DCDirect Current直流電AC alternating current交流電IC integrated circuit 集成電路

DRAMDynamic Random Access Memory動態隨機存儲器CPUCentral Processing Unit中央處理器RAMrandom access memory隨機存儲器SOCSystem-on-Chip片上系統OS operating system操作系統IPintellectual property知識產權DSPDigital Signal Processing數字信號處理RTLregister transfer level寄存器傳輸級

DACDigital toanalog converter 數模轉換器VLSIVery Large Scale Integration超大規模集成電路PLDprogrammable logic device可編程邏輯電路FPGAField Programmable Gate Array場可編程門陣列CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device復雜可編程邏輯器件

SRAMstatic random Access Memory靜態存儲器ASICApplication Specific Integrated Circuit專用集成電路

LUTLook-Up-Table查找表

TDMA Time-Division Multiple Access時分多址

FIRFinite Impulse Response無限脈沖相應數字濾波器CDMAcode-division multiple access碼分多址IIRInfinite Impulse Response有限脈沖相應數字濾波器ADCAnalog to Digital Converter模數轉換器

1、We are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephone that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without that..我們對電燈，無線電廣播，電視和電話是如此的熟悉，所以很難想象離開啦他們，我們的生活將會是什么樣子。

2、When large numbers of electrons break away from their atoms and move through a wire, we describe this action by saying that electricity is “flowing” through the wire.當大量的電子脫離原子的束縛并通過導線運動迪，這時我們就說電通過導線在流動。

3、A resistor has two terminals across which electricity must pass, and is designed to dropthe voltage of the current as it flows from one terminal to the next.電阻有兩端，并且電流都必須通過。當電流從一端流道另一端是，電阻上就有電壓降。

4、The unit of resistance is ohm.In a direct-current circuit, the current through a resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance, and directly proportional to the voltage across it.電阻的單位是歐姆。在直流電路中，通過電阻的電流與它的阻抗成反比，與加在其上的電壓成正比。

5、Large capacitors are used in the power supplies of electronic of all types, including computers and their

peripherals.In these systems, the capacitors smooth out the rectified utility AC, providing pure, battery-like DC.所有型號的電子設備，包括計算機及其外圍GSMglobal system for mobile全球移動通信系統FDMAFrequency Division Multiple Access頻分多址

設備的電源儲備系統，都使用了大電容器。

在這些系統中，電容器能進一步平滑經整流過的公用交電流，是其提供如電流產生的純直流電一樣。

6、This does not affect performance in DC circuits, but can have an adverse effect in AC circuit because inductance renders the device sensitive to change in frequency.在直流電路中這并沒有影響，但是對交流電路卻有反作用，因為電感效應系數使該器件對頻率的變化很敏感。

7、Transistor have three leads which must be connected the correct way around;thecommon-base, the common-emitter and the common-collector.晶體管在電路中有三種正確的連接方式，共基極，共發射極，共集電極法。

8、By licensing, rather than

manufacturing and selling its chip technology, the Company established a new business model that has redefined the way microprocessors are designed, produced and sold.通過許可，而不是制造和出售的芯片技術，公司重新定義了微處理器設計，生產與銷售的方式，從而建立了一種新的商業模式。

9、The single-processor solution offers higher performance, lower system cost and lower power than coprocessors and dual-processor solutions.與協處理器和雙處理器解決方案相比，單處理器解決方案提供了更高的性能，更低的系統和能耗。

10、Since many signal processing applications process millions of samples of data for every second of operation, the minimum sample period is

usually more important than the

computationa latency of the processor.由于許多信號處理應用過程中每秒處理的樣本數據數以百萬計，因此，最低采樣周期通常比處理器的計算時延更為重要。

11、For example, a speech signal can be represented mathematically by acoustic pressure as a function of time, and a picture can be represented by brightness as a function of two spatial variables.在一個連續時間信號x（t），數字處理的第一步是選擇一個采樣周期T，然后對樣本x（t）產生x（nT）。

18、Under certain conditions, a continuous signal can be completely represented by and recoverable from a sequence of its values, or samples, at points equally spaced in time.在一定的條件下，一個連續信號可以完全由可以由該信號在時間等間隔點上的瞬時值例如，一個語音信號在數學上可以用聲壓隨時間變化的函數來表示，而一張照片可以表示亮度隨二維空間變量變化的函數。

12、To distinguish between continuous-time signals and

discrete-time signals, we will use the symbol t to denote the continuous-time independent variable and n to denote the discrete-time independent variable.區分連續時間信號和離散時間信號之間，我們將使用符號T表示連續時間的獨立變量，用n來表示離散的獨立變量。

13、FPGAs are a form of programmable logic devices which permits the design of many different complex digital circuits.現場可編程門陣列（FPGAs）是可編程邏輯器件的一種形式，它允許設計許多不同的復雜數字電路。

14、A continuous-time system is a system in which continuous-time input signals are applied and result in

continuous-time output signals.一個連續時間系統是施加連續時間輸入信號，而產生連續時間輸出信號的系統。

15、Signals encountered in practice are mostly continuous-time signals and can be denoted as x(t), where t is a continuum.實際遇到的信號大多是連續時間信號，這類信號可以用x（t）表示，其中t是連續變量。

16、most discrete-time signals are obtained from continuous-time signals by sampling and can be denoted as x[n]:=x(nT).大多數離散時間信號，是從連續時間信號的采樣得到的，可以表示為X[n]：=x（nT）。

17、In digital processing of a

continuous-time signal x(t), the first step is to select a sampling period T and then to sample x(t)to yield x(nT).或樣本值來表示，并且能用這些樣本值恢復出原信號來。

19、Much of the importance of the

sampling theorem also lies in its role as a bridge between continuous-time signals and discrete-time signals.抽樣理論的重要性還在于它在連續時間信號和離散時間信號之間起了橋梁作用。20、In many contexts, processing

discrete-time signals is more flexible and is often preferable to processing continuous-time signals.在許多方面，處理離散時間信號要更加靈活些，因此往往比處理連續時間更為可取。

21、In actuality, each cellconsists of a base station and an antenna that supports operations over a wide range of frequencies.在現實中，每個小區由一個基站和天線，支持業務在很寬的頻率范圍內。

22、Those access methods are referred to as time-division multiple access(TDMA)and code-division multiple access(CDMA).那些訪問方法都被稱為time-division多址(TDMA)和code-division多址(CDMA)。

23、As the satellite received a signal from a ground or earth station, a communications complex that transmitted and/or received satellite signals, it relayed its own signal to earth.當衛星收了從地面或地球站發來的信號后，衛星上的通信設備將要發送的和已接受的衛星信號復合起來后在發往地球。

24、The primary value of satellite in a geostationary orbit is its ability to communicate with ground stations in its coverage area 24 hours a day.對地靜止軌道上的衛星的主要作用是，一天二十四小時和覆蓋區域中的地面站進行通信。

漢譯英：

1、可以這么說，沒有晶體管的發明，今天我們所知的計算是完全不可能的。It is safe to say that without the invention of transistors, computing as we know it today wuld not be possible.2、可編程邏輯區別于傳統硬件的關鍵特性是它們可以重新配置。The key property of programmable logics that differentiates

9、如果你是電子的初學者，最好現在就開始學習如何使用NPN晶體管。If you are new to electronics it is best to start by learning how to use NPN transistors.10、在晶體管發明之前，數字電路是由真空管（vacuum tubes）組成，這有很多不足。Prior to the invention of

transistors,digital circuits werecomposed of vacuum tubes, which had many them from custom hardware is their reconfigurability.3、在許多方面，處理離散時間信號要更加靈活些，因此比處理連續時間信號更為可取。In many contexts , processing discrete-time signal is more flexible and is often preferable to processing continuous-time signals.4、時間上離散，幅值上量化的信號稱之為數字信號。Time is discrete, the

amplitude quantization signal called digital signal5、實際遇到的信號大多是連續時間信號，這類信號可以用x(t)表示，t是連續變量。Signals encountered in practice are mostly continuous-time signals and can be denoted as x(t),where t is a continuum.6、反過來，這種設計的改進又可引導研制新一代的衛星，這些衛星能夠通過其他轉發器及其相關電子系統處理大量的信息。This design evolution has led,in turn ,to the development of a new generation of satellites that can handle an enormous volume of information via their

transponders and relatedelectronic sysrems.7、地面站是傳送/接收衛星信號的通信設備，衛星接收來自地面站發送的信號后，再將其信號傳送給地球。As the satellite received a signl from a ground or earth station , a communications complex that transmitted and received satellite signals,it telayed its own signal to earth.8、在直流電路中這并沒有影響，但對交流電路卻有反作用，因為感應系數使該器件對頻率的變化很敏感。This does not affect performance in DC circuits ,but can have an adverse effect in AC circuits because inductance renders the device sensitive to changes in frequency.disadvantages.11、電阻的阻抗是由它的物理結構決定的The amount of resistance offered by a resistor is determined by its physical construction.。

12、控制總線是控制處理器與系統其他部分通信的信號樞紐。Thecontrol bus is a collection of signals that controls how the processor communicates with the test of the system.13、正是由于這一特性，在發明DSP處理器時采用了一種與傳統的微處理器不同的結構。It is because of this very nature that DSP processors are created with an architecture unlike those of conventional micropprocessors.段落英譯漢：

1.The control bus is a collection of signals that controls how the processor communicates with the rest of the system.Consider the data bus for a moment.The CPU sends data to memory and receives data from memory on the data bus.This prompts the question.“Is it sending or receiving?” There are two lines on the control bus, read line and write line, which specify the direction of data flow.Other signals include system clocks, interrupt lines, status lines, and so on.The exact structure of control bus varies among processors in the 80x86 family.However, some control lines are common to all processors and are worthy a brief mention 控制總線是控制處理器與系統其它部件如何通信的信號樞紐。考慮數據總線，CPU通過數據總線向存儲器發送數據或從存儲器接受數據，這就產生了一個疑問：“他是在發送還是在接受呢？”在控制總線上有兩條線，即讀線和寫線，他們指明了數據流的方向。其他信號包括系統時鐘、中斷信號、狀態信號等。80X86系列控制總線的具體結構因處理器的不同而不同，但一

些控制線對所有的處理器是共同的。2，In digital processing of a

continuous-time signal x(t), the first step is to select a sampling period T and then to sample x(t)to yield x(nT).It is clear that the smaller T is, the closer x(nT)is to x(t).However, a smaller T also requires more computation.Thus an important task in DSP is to find 有人也提出了少數的非商業FPGAs結構，其

設計細節更易獲得。可編程邏輯區別于傳統硬件的關鍵特性在于他的可重構行。從執行的強度和速度看，這種裝置不能與傳統硬件相比，但他們的可重構性能的開發和硬件設計改變的迅速性，縮短了產品上市的時間，降低了成本。

5.第五代計算機大力發展計算機可以解決問題最終可能是被稱為創造性的方式是另一the largest possible T so that all information(if not possible, all essential information)of x(t)is retained in x(nT).Without the

frequency-domain description, it is not possible to find such a sampling period.Thus computing the frequency content of signals is a first step in digital signal processing.連續時間信號的數字處理，第一步是選擇一個采樣周期T，然后采樣x(t)產生x(nT).。很明顯，周期T越小，x(nT)越接近x(t)。然而，T越小計算量越大。因此，數字信號處理的一項重要任務，是要找出最大可能T，使x(t)的所有信息（如果不能，那么信號的所有基本信息）仍然保留在x(nT)中。沒有頻域描述，就不可能找到采樣周期。因此數字信號處理的第一步是計算信號的頻譜。3，FPGAs are a form of programmable logic devices which permits the design of many different complex digital circuits.FPGAs were first introduced in 1986 by Xilinx using a memory-based programming technology.Since then there have been many new commercial architectures.A new non-commercial FPGA architecture have been proposed for which the design details are more readily available.The key property of programmable logics that differentiates them from custom

hardware is their reconfigurability.such device cannot compete with a custom hardware implementation in terms of density or speed, but their

reconfigurability allows hardware designs to be created and changed rapidly, thus reducing time-to-market and costs over custom hardware.現場可編程門陣列是可編程邏輯器件的一種形式，它允許設計許多不同的復雜數字電路。1986年，Xilinx首次把基于內存的編程技術引入了FPGAs。此后還有許多新的商業結構出現，個趨勢在計算機的發展，理想的目標是真正的人工智能。正在積極探索的一個路徑是并行處理計算機，它使用許多芯片在同一時間執行多個不同的任務。并行處理可能最終能在一定程度上重復了復雜的反饋，近似于人類思想的評估能力。另一種形式正在研究并行處理是分子計算機的使用。在這些計算機，邏輯符號用DNA的化學單元表達，而不是通過常規的電子流問題，比目前的超級計算機速度快，將使用更少的能源。