第一篇：短文改錯(cuò)十見十查

短文改錯(cuò)十見十查

短文改錯(cuò)所考查的范圍，都屬典型、常見的病句，很少出現(xiàn)偏、難、怪句。做這類題，一般要依照考綱要求，對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的病句進(jìn)行分類，按照結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，成分殘缺，用詞贅余，搭配不當(dāng)，詞義不通，不合邏輯等進(jìn)行改錯(cuò)。但以上幾種做題要求比較籠統(tǒng)，操作性比較差，效果不太明顯。筆者在多年的復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)中體會(huì)到，在學(xué)生完全清楚以上做題原則的情況下，最有效的方法是注意每行中的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)。由于這個(gè)詞或這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的存在，人們?cè)谶\(yùn)用語(yǔ)言時(shí)常常出錯(cuò)，而命題者也往往在這里設(shè)錯(cuò)考查。

一、見有平行結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有用詞不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。1．The doctor suggested plenty of food，rest and exercising．

句中并列的應(yīng)是三個(gè)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)相同的賓語(yǔ)，但exercising用了動(dòng)名詞形式，與前兩個(gè)名詞不對(duì)稱，故應(yīng)改為exercise。

2．She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived． 主句中并列謂語(yǔ)一個(gè)用了過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，一個(gè)用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，在時(shí)態(tài)上不一致。應(yīng)把“drank”改為“drinking”。

二、見有比較結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有形容詞、副詞的級(jí)，程度副詞，比較的對(duì)象及冠詞誤用之病。

1．People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past． 比較級(jí)形式重復(fù)，去掉more。

2．There are more trees in villages than cities．

比較的對(duì)象有誤，應(yīng)在介詞結(jié)構(gòu)“in villages”與“in cities”之間對(duì)比。故在cities前加介詞in。又如：The weather here is colder than in Shanghai．句中對(duì)比的雙方是“The weather here”和“The weather in Shanghai”，所以應(yīng)在 than后加that，代替名詞the weather，補(bǔ)全對(duì)比的雙方。但該句也可以這樣說(shuō)：It is colder here than in Shanghai． 3．In some places you may borrow many books as you want．（NMET '94）這是一個(gè)包含“as．．．a(chǎn)s”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，句中只有后一個(gè)as，前一個(gè)遺漏了，所以應(yīng)在 many前加上as。

三、見有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對(duì)比等句子結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有行文邏輯不一致病。1．I like singing，my brother likes dancing．

漢語(yǔ)中有時(shí)不需要連詞，講完一個(gè)分句接下去講另一個(gè)分句。英語(yǔ)中連詞使用比漢語(yǔ)廣泛得多。該句應(yīng)在后一個(gè)分句前加 while，表示對(duì)比。2．A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy，and he ran away． 男孩跑開了，是因?yàn)榇蚱屏巳思业拇白樱艿胶瘸猓催壿嫞舷挛臉?gòu)成因果關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)把后一個(gè)and改為so。

3．Mr Lee's company publishes books and he buys books all over the world． 前后敘述事實(shí)矛盾，不合邏輯，應(yīng)把buys改為sells。

四、見有多重句，查是否患有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)混亂，引導(dǎo)詞不當(dāng)，成分缺失病。

1．I always wanted to return to the village after moving away and is really great to see most of my old friends again． 該句后一個(gè)分句與前一個(gè)分句時(shí)態(tài)和人稱不一致，應(yīng)把is改為was。2．Tom asks Mary if she knows the man is speaking to her． 句法成分多余或缺少。可以在is前加 who或去掉is。

3．And whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard，the librarian will write to you．

whether改為if。whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，作“是否”解，有時(shí)可換用if，這里是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，只用if。

4．He lives in Beijing，where is the capital of China．

在這個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞要作主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)把關(guān)系副詞where改為關(guān)系代詞which。

5．He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there．

該句錯(cuò)在連詞重復(fù)使用。immediately在這里是連詞，與as soon as同義，引導(dǎo)后面的從句，所以應(yīng)去掉一個(gè)連詞。

五、見有特殊疑問句，查是否患有疑問詞使用不當(dāng)病。

1．—How much was the price of your car？—I bought the car at a cheap price，only 2，000 dollars． 英語(yǔ)中問價(jià)格（price），常以what提問，以 high或low回答。所以該句中How much應(yīng)改為What，cheap改為low。只有在敘述某物的價(jià)值時(shí)，才用cheap或expensive。如：The car is cheap． 2．China's population is more than any other countries'in the world． 問population也不用how much ／many，而要用what，回答時(shí)用large或big，little。所以文中的more應(yīng)改為larger。另外，address，weight，phone number等，也要用what提問。

六、見有名詞和代詞，查是否患有數(shù)、格、指代不一致病。1．Different people speak different language．

這里是名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致，應(yīng)該把 language改為languages。

2．Some people read the books or watch television．While others have sports． 句中books前多一定冠詞the。books在該句中為泛指，而不是特指哪些書。

3．What a lovely weather we are having today！去掉a，weather是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞a。

七、見有并列主語(yǔ)，從句作主語(yǔ)，不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)，時(shí)間、距離、金錢作主語(yǔ)，together with等引導(dǎo)的成分修飾主語(yǔ)等，查是否患有主語(yǔ)不一致病。1．Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit．（NMET '98）

but also后面的分句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞 playing football，承前省略了，所以give改為 gives，與前一個(gè)分句的謂語(yǔ)makes一致。

2．She as well as her brothers are fond of studying English． are改為is，使主謂保持一致。with，together with，as well as，but，besides，including等起連接作用的詞引導(dǎo)的部分只對(duì)主語(yǔ)起修飾作用，不視作主語(yǔ)。3．About 2，000 dollars have been spent in buying new dress for his beautiful wife this year． have改為has，“about 2，000 dollars”作為“一筆錢”常視作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

八、見有短語(yǔ)、詞組，查是否患有固定結(jié)構(gòu)中副詞、介詞或冠詞使用不當(dāng)病。1．Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd． 去掉a，“看見”的固定短語(yǔ)是“catch sight of”。

2．When he came back，he found someone had broken in his house． 把in改為into，“break into”是固定搭配，為“破門而入”之意。

九、見有特殊動(dòng)詞，查是否患有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或虛擬語(yǔ)氣使用不當(dāng)病。

1．He made me to post a letter for him． 去掉to。在make，have，feel，let及感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。（但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要用帶to的不定式）

2．Don't forget taking your umbrella when you leave here． taking改為to take。forget，remember，regret等詞后跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作；后跟不定式，表示“要去做……”。3．I suggested to go there with him after work． to go改為going。suggest及在中學(xué)課本中常見的advise，finish，mind，enjoy，require，practise，consider，miss，avoid，admit，delay，imagine，risk，keep，escape，resist等動(dòng)詞，要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

4．He ordered that the work must be started at once． 去掉must，或改為should。order及demand，require，request，insist，propose，advise，suggest等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should ＋原形動(dòng)詞”作謂語(yǔ)，should可以省略。

十、見有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，查是否患有邏輯主語(yǔ)或邏輯賓語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)病。1．If it heated，water can be changed into steam．

顯然句中的條件狀語(yǔ)是從一個(gè)If引導(dǎo)的從句簡(jiǎn)化而來(lái)，這種“連詞＋非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子主語(yǔ)。所以這里it是多余的，應(yīng)去掉。又如：When hearing the news，he burst into tears．hearing前也不再加he。2．The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it．

該句型中不定式“to carry”邏輯上的賓語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，所以句中代詞it重復(fù)，應(yīng)去掉。

第二篇：短文改錯(cuò)十見十查

高考短文改錯(cuò)解題思路 短文改錯(cuò)“十見十查”

短文改錯(cuò)所考查的范圍，都屬典型、常見的病句，很少出現(xiàn)偏、難、怪句。做這類題，一般要依照考綱要求，對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的病句進(jìn)行分類，按照結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，成分殘缺，用詞贅余，搭配不當(dāng)，詞義不通，不合邏輯等進(jìn)行改錯(cuò)。但以上幾種做題要求比較籠統(tǒng)，操作性比較差，效果不太明顯。

在學(xué)生完全清楚以上做題原則的情況下，最有效的方法是注意每行中的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)。由于這個(gè)詞或這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的存在，人們?cè)谶\(yùn)用語(yǔ)言時(shí)常常出錯(cuò)，而命題者也往往在這里設(shè)錯(cuò)考查。

一、見有平行結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有用詞不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。

1.The doctor suggested plenty of food, rest and exercising

句中并列的應(yīng)是三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相同的賓語(yǔ)，但exercising用了動(dòng)名詞形式，與前兩個(gè)名詞不對(duì)稱，故應(yīng)改為exercise.2.She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when l arrived.主句中并列謂語(yǔ)一個(gè)用了過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，一個(gè)用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，在時(shí)態(tài)上不一致。應(yīng)把:“drank ”改為“drinking”。

二、見有比較結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有形容詞、副詞的級(jí)，程度副詞，比較的對(duì)象及冠詞誤用之病。

1.People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.比較級(jí)形式重復(fù)，去掉 more.2.There are more trees in villages than cities.比較的對(duì)象有誤，應(yīng)在介詞結(jié)構(gòu)“in villages”, “ in cities” 之間對(duì)比。故在 cities 前加介詞 in.又如：The weather here is colder than in Shanghai.句中對(duì)比的雙方是“The weather here”和“The weather in Shanghai”，所以應(yīng)在 than 后加that ,代替名詞the weather,補(bǔ)全對(duì)比的雙方。但該句也可以這樣說(shuō)：It is colder here than in Shanghai.3.In some places you may borrow many books as you want.這應(yīng)是一個(gè)包含 as...as 結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，但句中只有一個(gè)as，前一個(gè)遺漏了，所以要在 many 前加上as。

三、見有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對(duì)比等句子結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有行文邏輯不一致病。

1.I like singing，my brother likes dancing.漢語(yǔ)中有時(shí)不需要連詞，講完一個(gè)分句接下去講另一個(gè)分句。英語(yǔ)中連詞使用比漢語(yǔ)廣泛得多。該句應(yīng)在后一個(gè)分句前加 while ,表示對(duì)比。

2.A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy, and he ran away.男孩跑開了，是因?yàn)榇蚱屏巳思业拇白樱艿胶瘸狻０催壿嫞舷挛臉?gòu)成因果關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)把后一個(gè) and 改為so。

3.Mr.Lee’s company publishes books and he buys books all over the world.前后敘述事實(shí)矛盾，不合邏輯，應(yīng)把 buys 改為sells。

四、見有多重句，查是否患有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)混亂，引導(dǎo)詞不當(dāng)，成分缺失病。

1.I always wanted to return to the village after moving away and is really great to see most of my old friends again.該句后一個(gè)分句與前一個(gè)分句時(shí)態(tài)和人稱不一致，應(yīng)把 is 改為 was。

有了思路，要在聯(lián)系中不斷的體會(huì)，才能融會(huì)貫通。

學(xué)貴有恒，每天堅(jiān)持練兩篇試試！高考短文改錯(cuò)解題思路 2.Tom asks Mary if she knows the man is speaking to her.句法成分多余或缺少。可以在 is 前加 who 或去掉 is。

3.And whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you.whether 改為if。whether 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，作“是否”解，有時(shí)可換用if，這里是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，只用 if

4.He lives in Beijing, where is capital of China.在這個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞要作主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)把關(guān)系副詞where改為關(guān)系代詞which。

5.He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there.該句錯(cuò)在連詞重復(fù)使用。immediately 在這里是連詞，與 as soon as 同義，引導(dǎo)后面的從句，所以應(yīng)去掉一個(gè)連詞。

五、見有特殊疑問句，查是否患有疑問詞使用不當(dāng)病。

1.---How much was the price of your car?

---I bought the car at a cheap price, only 2,000 dollars.英語(yǔ)中問價(jià)格（price）常以what提問，以high或low回答。所以該句中How much應(yīng)改為What, cheap改為low。只有在敘述某物的價(jià)值時(shí)，才用cheap或expensive.如；The car is cheap.2.China’s population is more than any other countries in the world.問population也不用how much/ many, 而要用what，回答時(shí)用large或big, little。所以文中的more應(yīng)改為larger。另外，address, weight, phone number 等抽象名詞，也要用what提問。

六、見有名詞和代詞，查是否患有數(shù)、格、指代不一致病。

1.Different people speak different language.這里是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)不一致，應(yīng)該把 language 改為 languages。

2.Some people read the books or watch television While others have sports.句中books前多一定冠詞the。books 在該句中為泛指，而不是特指哪些書。

3.What a lovely weather we are having today.去掉a.weather是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞a。

七、見有并列主語(yǔ)，從句作主語(yǔ)，不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)，時(shí)間、距離、金錢作主語(yǔ)，together with等引導(dǎo)的成分修飾主語(yǔ)等，查是否患有主謂不一致病。

1.Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.but also 后面的分句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞 “playing football”, 承前省略了。所以give改為gives，與前一個(gè)分句的謂語(yǔ)makes一致。

2.She as well as her brothers are fond of studying English.are 改為 is，使主謂保持一致。with, together with, as well as, but, besides, including等起連接作用的詞引導(dǎo)的部分只對(duì)主語(yǔ)起修飾作用，不視作主語(yǔ)。

3.About 2,000 dollars have been spent in buying new dress for his beautiful wife this year.have 改為has, “about 2,000 dollars” 作為 “一筆錢” 常視作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

八、見有短語(yǔ)、詞組，查是否患有固定結(jié)構(gòu)中副詞、介詞或冠詞使用不當(dāng)病。

1.Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.有了思路，要在聯(lián)系中不斷的體會(huì)，才能融會(huì)貫通。

學(xué)貴有恒，每天堅(jiān)持練兩篇試試！高考短文改錯(cuò)解題思路 去掉a，“看見” 的固定短語(yǔ)是 “catch sight of”.2.When he came back he found someone had broken in his house.把in改為into, “break into”是固定搭配，為 “破門而入”之意。

九、見有特殊動(dòng)詞，查是否患有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或虛擬語(yǔ)氣使用不當(dāng)病。

1.He made me to post a letter for him.去掉to。在make, have, feel, let 及感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要用帶to的不定式)

2.Don’t forget taking your umbrella when you leave here.taking改為to take.forget, remember, regret等詞后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作；后跟不定式，表示“要去做……”。

3.I suggested to go there with him after work.to go 改為going.suggest及在中學(xué)課本中常見的advice, finish, mind, enjoy, require, practice, consider, miss, avoid, admit, delay, imagine, risk, keep, escape, resist等動(dòng)詞，要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

4.He ordered that the work must be started at once.去掉must, 或改為should。order及demand, require, request, insist, propose, advise, suggest等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 “should十原形動(dòng)詞” 作謂語(yǔ)，should可以省略。

十、見有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，查是否患有邏輯主語(yǔ)或邏輯賓語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)病。

1.If it heated, water can be changed into steam.顯然句中的條件狀語(yǔ)是從一個(gè)If引起的從句簡(jiǎn)化而來(lái)，這種 “連詞十非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子主語(yǔ)。所以這里it是多余的，應(yīng)去掉。又如：When hearing the news, he burst into tears.hearing前也不再加he.2.The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it.該句型中不定式“to carry”邏輯上的賓語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，所以句中代詞it重復(fù)，應(yīng)去掉。

短文改錯(cuò)可能出現(xiàn)的情況不止這些，在你的練習(xí)當(dāng)中還有那些值得總結(jié)的呢？ 例如：

有了思路，要在聯(lián)系中不斷的體會(huì)，才能融會(huì)貫通。

學(xué)貴有恒，每天堅(jiān)持練兩篇試試！

第三篇：短文改錯(cuò)

短文改錯(cuò)

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題要求考生判斷一篇短文中十行(自1995年以來(lái))文字是否有錯(cuò)，如果有錯(cuò)誤就將其改正。

此題型旨在測(cè)試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷并改正短文中錯(cuò)誤的能力，以及考查考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞法、句法、行文邏輯等的綜合能力。

本題型側(cè)重考查考生的詞匯和語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，但并不是單純的知識(shí)檢測(cè)，而是考查考生在閱讀的過(guò)程中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)解決實(shí)際問題的能力。

縱觀近幾年高考短文改錯(cuò)，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其設(shè)題方式比較固定：正確為1個(gè)，多詞或缺詞共計(jì)3個(gè)，錯(cuò)詞為6個(gè)，其比例為1：3:6。

下面引用近幾年的高考題來(lái)分析一下此題的三種錯(cuò)誤類型：多詞、缺詞和錯(cuò)詞。

一、多詞

1.多冠詞

(l)Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacherin the crowd.【解析lsight是不可數(shù)名詞，且catch sight of是固定搭配，意為“看見”。

(2)For e】cample, when l was a child, the rain was amystery.【解析】，am為不可數(shù)名詞，泛指時(shí)前面不用冠詞。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞。

Modern people know more about the health, havebetter food，and?

(2)與by連用的交通工具及air，land，sea等名詞前不用冠詞。

by bike騎自行車，by sea由海路，乘船

(3)有些名詞(如school，class，hospital，church，prison，bed，table，town等)與相應(yīng)介詞連用，表示進(jìn)行和這些詞直接相關(guān)的活動(dòng)時(shí)，前不用冠詞。

___ _去上學(xué)，_______坐牢，_______在吃飯

(4)球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類游戲前，不用冠詞。

___ _打籃球，_______下棋

(5)mo。t副詞作“非常”解時(shí)，前面不用定冠詞the。

She is most pretty.她非常漂亮。

(6)。或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，前置的單數(shù)名詞前不用任何冠詞。

Child as he is,he knows a lot.雖然他只是孩子，知道的卻很多。

2.多介詞

(l)ln fact,they are planning to visit China in next yeaL

(2)We practice for three times every week..(3)So l'm really sorry that l won't be able to come inthis time.【解析】以上三例都是作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的名詞短語(yǔ)前多了介詞。

(4)?but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.【解析】talk about意為“談到??”，是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，后須接介詞賓語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)本句語(yǔ)境，此處不必接賓語(yǔ)，故去掉about。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)last night, next week, this year, one day,threetimes等名詞詞組直接充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，前面不用介詞。

(2)有些動(dòng)詞在漢語(yǔ)中是不及物動(dòng)詞，在英語(yǔ)中卻是及物動(dòng)詞，由于受漢語(yǔ)影響，可能多一個(gè)介詞。

serve for the people, follow after the teacher, marrywith her,make him as our monitor,play with Tom in amatch(畫線介詞多余)

(3)有些表示地點(diǎn)的副詞，其意義中已包含to，如果再加to，則多余。

on one's way to there, return to home, go to upstairs(畫線介詞均多余)

(4)有些副詞或介詞詞組后加另一個(gè)介詞，構(gòu)成復(fù)合介詞，若后面沒有介詞賓語(yǔ)，介詞則多余。同樣，有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是“動(dòng)詞十介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，若后面沒有介詞賓語(yǔ)，介詞則多余。

①If you won’t go，I'll go instead of.(畫線介詞多余)

②She listened to but heard nothing(畫線介詞多余)

(5)有些動(dòng)詞或形容詞后接名詞或代詞時(shí)，須加一個(gè)介詞，但接從句時(shí)，必須去掉介詞。

①l never knew about a ride down a river could be soexciting.(畫線介詞多余)

②I am sorry for that he won't come(畫線介詞多余)

3.詞義重疊

(1)Whenever I see them l will often think of myEnglish teacher.【解析】在whenever l see them這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句后再用often顯得重復(fù)，應(yīng)去掉。

(2)1'11 spend all the whole weekend reading andpreparing for it.【解析】the whole weekend意為“整個(gè)周末”，再加上all，詞義重疊。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)有些詞受漢語(yǔ)影響，多一副詞或介詞，造成詞義重疊。

return back回來(lái)，repeat again重復(fù)，flee away逃走，enter into進(jìn)入，blue color藍(lán)色，stop down停下來(lái)，raiseup舉起來(lái)，unpack open打開

(2)定語(yǔ)從句中的一個(gè)名詞，已由關(guān)系代詞取代，再用其替代詞是多余的。

I do remember you having apologized to the old lady Imet her last week

(3)單音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞比較等級(jí)加-er.-est，多音節(jié)加more、most，但二者不能同時(shí)重疊使用。

As a result, people in the modern world generally livemuch more longer than people in the past.4.出現(xiàn)冗言現(xiàn)象

(l)Today l visited the Smiths-my first time visit toan American family.【解析】本句中的first修飾visit，visit此處為名詞，意為“我的第一次訪問”，time多余。

(2)Now I can't watch much television,but?【解析】根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)是“我根本不能看電視”，因此受漢語(yǔ)影響，多了much，造成冗言。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)狀語(yǔ)從句與主句之間多一并列連詞。

①Though he tried his best, but he failed.②The more he has, and the more he wants.(2)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)與主句之間多一關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。

①In the last five years that they have climbed churches一②?in other places where you are limited to a certainnumber...(3)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的分詞與主句之間多一并列連詞。

Sitting down,and he began to work.(4)從屬連詞后多一個(gè)that。

She was absent from the meeting because that she was ilL(5)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)前多一個(gè)that。

I found that her lying on the ground.5.固定搭配中多詞

(1)I was used to watch it every night.【解析】此處屬于used to do與be used to兩個(gè)固定搭配的誤用，應(yīng)去掉was，取“過(guò)去常常”之意。

(2)?in any other words,Iam only a child.【解析lin other words為固定搭配，意為“換句話說(shuō)”，而any other意為“任何別的??”，與本文上下文不符。

6.行文邏輯上多詞First, let me tell you something more about myself.【解析】由first可知是剛開始向別人講述自己的故事，故只能說(shuō)something，而不能加more。

二、缺詞

1.名詞前缺限定詞

(1)Each player must obey^captain, who is theleader of the team.the【解析】此處應(yīng)加上the，特指“球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)”。

(2)The day before the speech contest^Englishteacher talked to me.my【解析】根據(jù)上下文分析，此處English teacher是有所指的，指的是“我的”英語(yǔ)老師，故加上my，表達(dá)一個(gè)更確切的概念。

(3)I'1I take this chance to wish you^ wonderful timeon your birthday.a【解析lwish sb.awonderful time為固定搭配，意為“祝某人玩得愉快”。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)在“so+形容詞十可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前不能缺a或an。

This is so good a book that we will buy it.=This is such a good book that we will buy it.(2)little,few表示肯定時(shí)，前面不能缺a，意為“一些”。

如a little water，但是“每隔幾分鐘”應(yīng)說(shuō)成every fewminutesa

(3)有些不可數(shù)名詞(如metal, beauty, iron, tea,coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure等)，表示“一種”“一個(gè)“一份”時(shí)，應(yīng)加上a或an。

Work is a pleasure to me.(4)“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示一家人時(shí)，the不能省。

The Browns like to go skating.(5)表示“兩者之中比較??的一個(gè)”時(shí)，比較級(jí)前應(yīng)加the。

He is the taller of the two boys.(6)在句中可數(shù)名詞不可單獨(dú)使用，前面應(yīng)有限定詞，如his,that,Tom's,the,a等。

When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook^head.his2.缺動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to(1)I'd like very much^come but I have anexamination on Monday morning.to【解析】like后面不能直接加動(dòng)詞，需加to，構(gòu)成固定搭配“would like to do”，意為“想做??”。

(2)一.and will do all they can^ make sure that l geta good education to【解析】不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，不定式符號(hào)to不可省。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，不定式符號(hào)to不能省。

But then there are always more mysteriesAlook into:_____to

(2)-般說(shuō)來(lái)，兩個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞不能并列使用，中間常用to連接。

①7Ihe World Health()rganization and other organizationsare workingAimprove health all over the world_____to

②i had always wantedA retum to the village _____to

(3)feel, hear, let, make,have, see, notice, watch,ob。rv。等動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不能省去to。

Little Tom was made to do heavy work

(4)為了避免重復(fù)前面的動(dòng)詞，后面的不定式常常省略，但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。

We wanted to go to the lecture, but we weren't able to

3.缺系動(dòng)詞

(l)neyA eager to Imow everything about China：.'were【解析】eager為形容詞，必須加系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

(2)What^ your favourite sport?IS【解析】本句缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)加is。

(3)I'd like to^ your pen-friend, and.be/become【解析】本句考查I'd like to do結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文，必須加上系動(dòng)詞。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)由于受漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的影響，有些形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常缺少系動(dòng)詞。

She is afraid of her boss.(2)在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，由于缺少助動(dòng)詞，變成了主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，造成錯(cuò)誤。

?and let you know when the book you want has^returned and is ready for you to pick up.been4.缺介詞(l)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminstead^ ourselves._____ of【解析linstead of為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“而非，而不是”，后接賓語(yǔ)。

(2)?but the others spent a lotA time arguing_____of【解析la lot of是固定習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“許多，大量”，后加賓語(yǔ)。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

改錯(cuò)題對(duì)介詞的考查，重點(diǎn)是一些固定搭配，再如：

WhenI have free timeI go^along walk..for，因此，同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)牢記一些固定搭配。

5.缺連詞In one class,l learned^ it rained.why【解析】本句因缺連詞而造成句子成分殘缺，只有加上why，句子的意義才完整。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)在漢語(yǔ)中，分句與分句之間往往不用連詞，但在英語(yǔ)中卻不行。

It began to rain,^ they had to stop working.and

(2)受母語(yǔ)影響，幾個(gè)同類詞并列連用時(shí)，它們之間往往缺一連詞。

CDi told Mother, Father, Sister,^ all my friends herewhat a great time I had.and②He looked inside but saw nothing.(3)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)，that常常不能省。

That light travels in straight line is known to all.(4)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that，when等常不可省。

(DThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patientwas suffering from cancer.②i have no idea when he will return(5)在even if，even though，as if'as though等短語(yǔ)中，第二個(gè)連詞不能少。

He walks as if/though he were drunk

三、錯(cuò)詞

1.可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)誤用

(l)They were eager to know everything about Chinaand asked me lots of question

(2)We study quite a few subject, such as maths,Chinese, English and physics.(3)We practise three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.(4)She said that she and my schoolmate' all.wishedme success,.(5)?so that l'11 get good marks in all my subject.___

(6)?and many happy return of the day_____

(7)I used to love science class-all of them-biology,chemistry, geography, physics.【知識(shí)拓寬】

對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一，幾乎每年考查一處。因此，為了對(duì)名詞錯(cuò)誤判斷準(zhǔn)確，應(yīng)該：

(1)弄清名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。

We stopped to rest for a while and to drink somewaters from a stream water

(2)掌握好可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則。

There are branch library in many villages libraries

(3)要熟練運(yùn)用名詞的所有格。

2.時(shí)態(tài)誤用

(l)We havea good tinte talking and laughing together.had

(2)I learn about you from my English teacher, MissFang.learned

(3)I was a member of our school football team am

(4)I arn happy with any programme but the othersspent a lot of time...was

(5)I remembered her words and calm down calmed

(6)They did not want me to do any w,ork at home do【知識(shí)拓寬】

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是短文改錯(cuò)考查的熱點(diǎn)之一，一般說(shuō)來(lái)每年考查一處，而且近幾年高考主要考查現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)的使用，再如：I had an examination on Monday moming.have

3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用

(l)It was very kind of them to meet me.at the railwaystation and drove meto their home drive

(2)I look forward to hear from you soon hearing

(3)Play football not only makes us grow up...Playing

(4)I was often alittle tired after a day's work andwatch TV demands very little effort.watching【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)由以上考例可見，v.-mg形式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)是考查的熱點(diǎn)。

CDi'ii spend the whole weekend reading and preparefor it.preparing②After learn the basics of the subject, nothing elseseemed very practical to me.learning

(2)過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別是另一考查熱點(diǎn)。此時(shí)重點(diǎn)要看分詞與主語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。

①After an hour or so, we began to feel veryfrightening.frightened②?but now l am interesting in football.interested(3)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞誤用成動(dòng)詞原形。

Books may be keep for four weeks.kept(4)掌握好動(dòng)詞不定式帶to與不帶to的差異。

(5)有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式，有些動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞，應(yīng)分別牢記這些動(dòng)詞。

4.主謂不一致

(1)Playing football not only makes us grow up talland strong but alsoglve us a sense of fair play and teamspirit.gives

(2)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in thelibrary.are【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一般取決于前面主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。

Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing toborrow them.costs

(2)not only;一but also, neither.—nor.一，either.or..-等并列連詞連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)采取就近一致原則。

(3)There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)采取就近一致原則。

But then there is always more mysteries to look into.are

(4)注意把集合名詞(如family，class，team等)和不定代詞(如all，none等)放在具體語(yǔ)境中，判斷其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

5.代詞不一致

(l)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their

(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant to win the game.we(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybody【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)根據(jù)上下文判斷，出現(xiàn)了代詞不一致。

①1 felt that it helped me understand how the worldworks.they②They have been to Europe many timesWe

(2)傾向于考查學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞以及代詞的主格與賓格等諸方面知識(shí)的掌握與運(yùn)用能力。

And I can’t forget the good food you cooked forl me

(3)人稱代詞性別上的誤用也是常見的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。

6.連詞誤用

(l)~esaid that she and my schoolmates all wished mesuccass,but it didn’t matter thatI would win or notwhether【解析】it為形式主語(yǔ)，whether l would win or not是真正的主語(yǔ)，意為“我是否能贏”。

(2)lt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor andaguest.or【解析】句意為：看起來(lái)我的父母親把我當(dāng)成了“visitor”或“guest”。二者為選擇關(guān)系而非并列關(guān)系，故將and改為or。

(3)It is a very important exam butI can't afford tofail it.and/so【解析】此處應(yīng)是并列或因果關(guān)系，而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)正確掌握各連詞的含義及其在從句中的應(yīng)用。

①?because I felt that they helped me understandwhat the world works.how②Most people can quickly get help from a doctor orgo to a hospital sir ce they areill when/if

(2)熟練應(yīng)用表示并列、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系的連詞：and, or, but, so, therefore, however等.①She was smiling but nodding at me.and②Therefore, there are still some countries wherepeople have shorter lives.However

(3)弄清whether和if的含義及用法區(qū)別。

?and whether you pay the cost of sending apostcard,the librarian will write to you.if

7.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞誤用

I live inBeijing,where is the capital of China.which【解析】此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞which作主語(yǔ)。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

(1)正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞之間的區(qū)別，尤其是that和which的區(qū)別。

?in other places you are limited to.a certainnumber, of that some may be novels.which

(2)正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別，并掌握它們的用法。

However,there are still some countries there peoplehave shorter lives.where

8.詞性誤用

(1)Also the sport teaches us the important ofobedience.importance【解析】本句應(yīng)該用名詞importance作動(dòng)詞teach的直接賓語(yǔ)。

(2)Unfortunate, there are too many people in myfamily.Unfortunately【解析】此處應(yīng)該用副詞unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)，意為“不幸的是”。

(3)After learning the basics of the subject,nothingelse seemed very practically to me.practical【解析】。eem為系動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

詞性誤用指的是動(dòng)詞與名詞混淆，副詞與形容詞混淆等。這就要求我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中重視詞性及各類詞在句中的基本功能。再如：

I'm sure we'IIhave 8 wonderfully time together.wonderful

9.限定詞誤用

(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to aAmerican family.an【解析】American為元音音素開頭的單詞，故應(yīng)用部定冠詞 an

(2)wemay be one family and live under a sameroof，?the【解析】same意為“同樣的”，前面應(yīng)加定冠詞the。

10.近義詞混用They did not want me to do any work at family......home【解析】family側(cè)重指“家庭這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)或家里的人。，而home則側(cè)重指“家庭的所在地”。因此，“在家里”應(yīng)用athome。

【知識(shí)拓寬】

在英語(yǔ)中，有許多同義詞、近義詞和反義詞，在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)抓好基礎(chǔ)，牢記每一個(gè)詞的基本含義。再如：.Uncle Ben will alsogo back for Christmas.come總之，平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累，熟練掌握高考詞匯、基本詞法、句法，同時(shí)還應(yīng)加強(qiáng)閱讀能力的訓(xùn)練。因?yàn)椋^快的閱讀速度、較好的語(yǔ)感和牢固的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是做好短文改錯(cuò)的重要前提。平時(shí)訓(xùn)練短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)，不應(yīng)只是為了做題而做題，而應(yīng)善于總結(jié)、摸索答題的規(guī)律。

參考答案

一、1.(3)go to school;in prison;at table(4)play basketball;play chess

三、1.(1)question-*questions(2)subject—subjects(3)match-*matches(4)schoolmate—+ schoolmates(5)subject-+ subjects(6)return—.retums(7)class-classes

第四篇：經(jīng)典短文改錯(cuò)

動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)。還要注意形和副，物ing,修人用ed。遇連詞，必停住，多詞少詞須關(guān)注，介詞冠詞占多數(shù)，固定搭配非謂語(yǔ)，反身代時(shí)主賓同。短文改錯(cuò)錯(cuò)不錯(cuò)，每句至少改一個(gè)。

1.The day is my dad’s birthday.This afternoon I went to the shopping center downtown, and hesitated for 猶豫(v)a moment,and then offered my seat to her.The old lady thanked me a lot and sat [be] ready to help others in the future.2.Two years ,I travelled to BT and Ia car.Unfortunate[~ly],I had an accident and hit another car,and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two Iaway,and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.Therefore,I told them stories and how I was enjoying BT.As a result,nobody knew[the] truth.I still think that it was the righ thing to do.3.The world is not only hungry,but also 渴的(adj).this may strange,since nearly 70 % of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Man and most of the animals can only drink and use the 10% of the water---fresh water.The need for water is day by day.Only when steps are taken to deal with this problem immediate [~ly],can we avoid a serve worldwide water shortage短缺(n)later on.One of the first [is]to develop ways to reuse to a water purifying it can be separated from waste matters and treated with 4.[2012唐山is a sick friend,or attend a wedding or[a] birthday party.I still remember one day last year when Tom,a disabled some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude.He life to his mother’s patient was finally admitted to a key university.’hurt.With tears in her eyes,she could do nothing butfor help.Zhang li ran “take it easy”he said.Then he sent her to a nearby hospital.That[it] was not long before the girl’6.Mr.smith had an 8-year-old son named tony,who enjoyed listening to music very much.So he a [for]Tony,hoping that he could become [a] famous pianist one day.The little boy into the piano day after day and seemd to enjoy if you don’tAttend v.出席，到場(chǎng)，參加bleed n.血 v.流血handkerchief n.手絹，紗布，絲綢confidence n.自信，信心

第五篇：短文改錯(cuò)

短文改錯(cuò)

（一）I am interested at swimming very much.At first, I went swimming just to keep health.Now my dream was to swim for my country in the Olympics.Though practicing in the pool is very bored, but I still work very hard in order to realize my dream.Because my hard work, I have already come first in much important competitions.In the competitions, I’ve made lot of friends and we’re very close.It’s much easier to have friends which are swimmers because they also have to get up early to practice like you and they understand this kind of life.短文改錯(cuò)

（二）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later.Tony saw parents.Mom said,” How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.短文改錯(cuò)

（三）Last summer vacation, I went on a school trip with mine classmates.We visited a farm in a countryside.We took a bus for a while, and then we walked here.We saw a lot of different kinds trees and villages along the way.Some farmers were worked hard in the farm when we arrived.One of the farmer showed us around, introducing differently crops to us.We fed chickens, picked some green apples and took up many beautiful photos.It was really interesting and at the same time, I learned a lot about farming.What an excited school trip!

短文改錯(cuò)

（四）I’ve been playing baseball for six year and I’m the only girl on an all-boys baseball team.Our strict coach wants us do our best when we are playing.So it’s not always about winning.He also tells us to just smile and enjoyed ourselves.I take advice he gives me and bring them to my game.Some people say girls can’t play baseball.Hear that doesn’t get me mad.Instead, it makes me play more harder.I want to be knew for being a good player, not just for being the only girl on the team.If you’re a girl who want to play ball, just play you heart out!

短文改錯(cuò)

（五）My uncle drove his car meet his friends.When he found there was still some time leaving before the train had arrived, he wanted to take a short sleep.He was falling sleep when a woman came and asked him the time.He opened his eye and answered, “Half past eight.” With a “Thank you!” a woman left.On a short while this happened again.So my uncle wrote “I don’t know the time” on a piece of paper and put them on the window of the car.A few minutes late, an old man came and woke him up, “Hi, young man.I can tell you that time it is.It’s nine o’clock now.”

短文改錯(cuò)

（六）When I began my senior high school years, I had difficulty to learning English.I dared not speak English in the public because of my poor pronounce.I could not get high marks, but I always used bad grammar.Afraid of be laughed at, I never put up my hand answer questions in class.When my English teacher Miss Li learned about this, she encouraged me and lend me a hand, that helped improve my English.With her help, I became interest in English and finally got high marks.Miss Li, like a shining star, shines on her path to success.短文改錯(cuò)

（七）Dear Tim, How time flies!It has been a month since you go to America.What is everything going? Next weekend I will take part in a national English speaking competition to be holding in Shanghai.It will be a good chance to improve your English and make friends with students from other part of China.But right now I’m not sure that I can remember all the words for a competition.Anyway, I will hope I can get a good result.I am looking forward seeing you again and hope we can have a true great time then.Yours, Li Hua

短文改錯(cuò)

（八）As a service dog, Sandy’s job is help manage a medical condition I have.My condition can be dangerously.When something bad happen, Sandy will tell my parents immediately.Of course, I help take care of Sandy, too.I feed him, walk him, but even take him just about everywhere I go.If I don’t bring Sandy to me, he will get upset.Once he stays with my grandparents for a few hours while my parents and I went to the beach.Sandy was upset in the whole time.He never stopped look for me.When I got home, he was such happy that he rushed to me.I love his dog very much.4