第一篇：簡愛的帝國主義意識

解讀《簡.愛》的帝國主義意識

Abstract Cultural aggression is one of the ways that imperialistic countries conquer the colonies, as the production of the culture;Jane Eyre includes many factors of the imperialism.In the middle of 19th century, Britain began to expand to the outside rapidly, most of the British people revel in the dream of the White Myth.As one of the represents of ideological novel, Jane Eyre was inevitable to advance to the cultural empire, and Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre is one of the most important loops in the narration.In the novel, the antagonism between suzerain and colonies, the superiority of the empire and discrimination to the colonies permeated through it.The imperialistic flavour pervaded in it.From Victoria times on, Britain began to develop colonization.At the same time, the cultural source of ideology played an important part.Jane Eyre includes the recessive structure of the imperialistic consciousness, exhibits all kinds of cultural characters in the period of the imperialism, and reveals the connection between the culture and imperialism.Key Words imperialism;colonialism;culture;feminism 摘 要

文化戰略是帝國主義國家控制殖民地的一種方式，作為文化的產物，<<簡.愛>>包含了帝國主義的各種因素。19世紀中期的英國，以前所未有的速度向外擴張，人們普遍沉醉于白色神話的迷夢中，而作為意識形態表現之一的小說也在向文化帝國邁進。夏綠蒂.勃朗特的<<簡.愛>>是其敘事鏈中舉足輕重的一環。在這部小說里，宗主國與殖民地的對立，帝國的優越感和對殖民地的歧視都滲透其中，彌漫著十足的帝國主義味道。英國自維多利亞時代開始，就不斷發展對外殖民事業。其中，作為意識形態的文化資源也起了舉足輕重的作用。<<簡.愛>>這部小說中也有著帝國主義意識的隱性結構，隱性話語，展示了帝國主義時代的種種文化上的特點，顯示了文化和帝國主義之間的聯系。關鍵詞

帝國主義;殖民主義;文化;女權主義

Introduction Jane Eyre was created in the middle of 19th century.It is always a classical love story in people’s hearts.Charlotte Bronte also became very famous all over the world because of it.Jane Eyre was figured as a great woman，who was chaste, well-informed and strong-willed.She lived in the bottom of the society, suffered enough from tribulations, however, she was stubborn, aggressive and brave to seek for her happiness and fairness.So her spirits was admired by people too.People never changed such kind of thought that it is just a love story, but after reading many times the writer got a lot of new views about it.According to the created time of the work, Britain began to expand to the outside rapidly and develop colonization.And at that time the imperialistic colonization was not only the expansion of the territory and pillage of the source, but also the ideological colonization.At that time, as the ideology, the cultural source played an important part in the colonization and in the imperialistic condition, as one of represents of ideological novel, Jane Eyre was inevitably to advance to the cultural empire.Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre that was created in this period implied strong imperialistic colour.There are full of the antagonism between suzerain and colonies, the superiority of the empire and discrimination to the colonies.The imperialistic flavour in this novel exhibited all kinds of the cultural characters in the period of the imperialism.As one of the representative works in the period of British colonization, Jane Eyre was a very great work of the love stories.From a love story to the reflection of the imperialism, Charlotte Bronte was at pains indeed, the love was difficult to escape from the affection of the imperialistic consciousness because in the period of the imperialism people’s live was related with the imperialistic consciousness in some degree.The Deep Relations of the Imperialism, the Colonialism and the Culture There is a simple way to explain the close relation among the imperialism, colonialism and culture: making phrases respectively with the word “culture” by the words “imperialism” and “colonialism”, two phrases have formed—Cultural Imperialism and Cultural Colonialism.The two phrases can explain the deep relation among the imperialism, the colonialism and the culture very well.In order to give a perfect explanation of Cultural Imperialism to the learning world, there were a lot of savants had made good explanations of Cultural Imperialism.These explanations also embody the close relations of them.they mastered Cultural Imperialism according to the meaning that the economic was the pioneer and the culture was the aim and defined it according to the meaning of the culture was the pioneer and served for the economics and politics.Some savants thought that Cultural Imperialism was medium imperialism and some others believed that it was a national culture in place of another one.Hans J.Morgenthau thought that it was a policy which is not by the way of conquering the territory and controlling the economic lives, but conquering and controlling people’s mind.According to his ideas, if a country carried out the policy of Cultural Imperialism to conquer the main people’s mind, further to rule the whole country, it was better than by the way of military affairs.The colonialism is also a policy that the capitalistic countries used the military affairs, politics and economics to conquer, enslave and exploit the weak countries, nations and the unenlightened areas and make them become the colonies or half-colonies.however, In the different periods of the capitalism, the colonialism have the different represent forms: in the primitive period of the accumulation of the capital, the colonialism take the ways of the bare violence such as the armed occupation, overseas colonization, plunder of the piracy, deceitful trade and bloody marketing of slaves;in the period of the liberal capitalism, it was mainly by the way of “ liberal trade ”—capitalistic country made the undeveloped countries, nations and areas become its merchandise markets, the producing areas of the raw material, investment places and sources of the labours and employ soldiers;in the period of the imperialism, except for the above ways, the export of the capital was the main form to exploit these countries and nations.Between the late of 19th and the beginning of 20th century, the countries and areas of the world that were occupied as colonies or half-colonies had formed the imperialistic colonization system.After World War II, the nationalism ran up, most of the Afro-Asian countries got the independence and destroyed the imperialistic system.At the same time, the colonial countries used the ways of the indirect, covert and deceptive forms to maintain and figure for the more colonial benefits.On the politics, one side, they allow and admit the independence of the colonies and half-colonies;on the other hand, they educated and support their agent to control these countries.On the economics, they carried out the policy that economic assistant with the critical loan and unfair trade to control the economic vitals of these countries.On the military affairs, they used the form of “assistance” to build the military bases, station the armies, dispatch the military adviser and help them to train the armies and so on.In order to realize their strategic aims, they even planned the coup, provoked civil war and supported the puppet regime.From above these, I can say that the colonialism permeates in every stage of the capitalistic development.Cultural Colonialism is a policy that the west countries aggress undeveloped countries and make them lose the national culture;conquer the people’s hearts of these countries and make these countries become the colonies and half-colonies.Cultural Colonialism is a form of the colonialism, but Cultural Imperialism is a behaviour that a country forces to another country in cultural value idea, it is the succession and development of the Cultural Colonialism under the new history.The imperialistic consciousness needed the culture to spread and the culture needed a lot ways to spread too.As one of the ways, the novel played a great role in spreading of the imperialistic consciousness and Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre was the representative work of the kind of the novel.e Imperialistic Consciousness Embodied in the Background of Jane Eyre Culture aggression is one of the ways that the imperialistic countries conquer the colonies, as the production of the culture, Jane Eyre includes many factors of the imperialism.In the middle of 19th century Britain began to expand to the outside rapidly, most of the British revel in the dream of the White Myth.As one of the represents of ideological novel, Jane Eyre was inevitable to advance to the cultural empire.Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre is one of the most important loops in the narration.In the novel, the antagonism between suzerain and colonies, the superiority of the empire and discrimination to the colonies permeated in it and pervaded pure and simple imperialistic flavour..Main Ideas of the Explanation and Analysis about Jane Eyre A.The Mad Woman in the Attic.In the Jane Eyre, empire eagle with the White Myth hovered in the air of Caribbean—the birthplace of Bertha Mason.She was Rochester’s wife and also one of the most important characters in the novel.As the woman born in colony, Bertha Mason was the variety in the high-system empire, the wedding between Rochester and she was not accord with the basic benefit of the empire.For the pureness of the empire, the wedding should be overset and the variety should be cleared off too.In this novel, the combat began with Jane broke into Thorn field, end up with Bertha Mason’s destruction, the “illegal” family composed by Jane and Rochester defeated the legal family composed by Bertha Mason and Rochester.The imperialistic ideology offered reasons for Jane’s wedding which from illegal to legal.In these reasons, as first world woman Jane formed strong contrast with Bertha Mason who was third world woman.As the same as all the colonialism of the time, there was a trend existed in suzerain Britain that was all the despicable behavior of human being that they had known ascribed to colonial.In the Jane Eyre, Bertha Mason was a humble, devilish and cruel Creole.In order to confirm Creole’s truculence, through numerous descriptions, the novel repeatedly narrated the cliché that hags ate the meat and drank the blood of human being in the West Indies.Jane arrived at Thorn field before long, she experienced the fear in the midnight and heard Bertha Mason's laughter “ This was a demoniac laugh—low, suppressed, and deep—uttered, as it seemed, at the very keyhole of my chamber door.” Mason came, “I heard thence a snarling, snatching sound, almost like a dog quarrelling.” In the course of rescued Mason, the author emphasized purposely “The flesh on the shoulder is torn as well as cut.This wound was not done with a knife: there have been teeth here.” The last night before Jane and Rochester walked into the church, Charlotte finally let Jane saw Bertha Mason’s face in the dream at the first time, “It seemed a woman, tall and large, with thick and dark hair hanging long down her back.I know not what dress she had on: it was white and straight;but whether grown, sheet, or shroud, I cannot tell.Fearful and ghastly to me, I never saw a face like it!It was a discoloured face—it was a savage face.I wish I could forget the roll of the red eyes and the fearful blackened inflation of the lineaments!The face was purple: the lips were swelled and dark;the black eyebrows widely rose over the bloodshot eyes.It reminded me the foul German spectre—the Vampire.” In the novel, Charlotte described Bertha Mason Like this “In the deep shade, at the farther end of the room, a figure ran backwards and forwards.What it was, whether beast or human being, one could not, at the first sight.It grovelled, seemingly, on all fours;it snatched and growled like some strange wild animal: but it was covered with clothing, and a quantity of dark, grizzled hair, wild as a mane, hid its head and face.” Under the author’s pen, Bertha Mason could not be distinguished difficultly that she ever was a wild beast or a person, even was “ a wild beast covered with clothing ” , led a bestial life—inhuman, sluttish and crazy.Compared with Bertha Mason, Jane was shaped to a new female of the empire in the novel—aggressive, strong and ambitious.She was well-informed, strong-willed

And militant when she was a child.But most important, there concealed an unusual heart under her mediocre look.She liked to dream and desired passion.The trace of the strength was carved on her face and the thought flied to here and there the entire world.The mind rippled “The rock standing up alone in a sea of billow and spray;the broken boat stranded on a desolate coast;the cold and ghastly moon glancing through bars of cloud at a wreck just sinking.” These chimeras made Jane desired to become famous, she believed “The real world was wide, and that a varied field of hopes and fears, of sensations and excitements, awaited those who had courage to go forth into its expanse, to seek real knowledge of life amidst its perils.” In the novel, Jane certainly was full of fight, struggled against the life bravely, and sought after the ideal steady;she was the knight of the empire in the period of blood and fire.(Charlotte Bronte,34-41 These descriptions above, the author made an opponent relation: the antagonism between human being and the beast, the lunatic and the brain, the world and the hell.In this antagonism, we could discern western intelligentsia’s imperialistic consciousness.In the course of built the cultural system for themselves, they subconsciously oppressed the unknown variety that related to Europe.Therefore, the third world women were colonized constantly and built a powerless and homogeneous community.They were only acted as the potential victims of the special culture and social economic system of the colony.Compared with first world women, they were foreign.As Memoranda Mohan what he pointed out, this is a narration of the dual colony so that made a contrast between the juvenility of third world women and the maturity of first world women.Third world women were poor, uncultured, and traditional and they were willing to be a conventional housewife.But the western women were rich, educated, modern and they could decide what things they could do.They also could control the sex and the body about themselves.But this argument was pulled down by feminists completely.“Vampire” Bertha Mason was not only looked down upon, but also sympathized.The most famous feminism work was The Mad Woman in the Attic, its authors were two American female savants, and they were Gilbert, Sandra M.and Susan Goober.In this book, they thought the mad woman was just a side of the concealment, anger and insanity in Jane’s heart.Both of them were sisters who oppressed by the male.It was Rochester forced Bertha Mason walked up to the madness.But J.Spivak said that the cultural hegemonism was produced in the period of imperialism.A sufficient rewrite of literature could not get the flourish from the refraction and the fracture of the imperialism, because it was pretended to be a jurisprudence of the “principle” and the only “truth” by the foreign things.Bertha Mason was not a mad woman actually, but she had to be in the novel for the affection of the imperialistic consciousness of the time.She was the variety in the high-system empire, so she should be cleared off.In the novel, she was described to be inhuman, sluttish and crazy, even a wild beast and the empire did not need a woman like her, so in the condition of the imperialistic consciousness, Bertha Mason became a mad woman was not accidental.B.Religion Hero After hovered in the air of Caribbean, empire eagle flied to Asia and looked into the distant India with the White Myth.At this time, as the religion hero, Saint John sallied.He was a raptor who filled with crazy religious devotional and venturesome spirit and cherished a glorious dream of imperialism.He said “ My vocation, my great work, my foundation laid on earth for a mansion in heaven, my hopes of being numbered in band who have merged all ambitions in the glorious one of bettering their race—of carrying knowledge into the realms of ignorance—of substituting peace for war—freedom for bondage—religion for superstition—the hope of heaven for the fear of hell.It is dearer than the blood in my veins.It is what I have to look forward to, and to live for.”;“As his disciple I adopt his pure, his merciful, and his benignant doctrines.I advocate them: I am sworn to spread them.Won in youth to religion, she has cultivated my original qualities thus—From the minute germ, natural affection, she has developed the overshadowing tree, philanthropy.From the wild stringy root of human uprightness, she has reared a due sense of the Divine justice.Of the ambition to win power and renown for my wretched self, she has formed the ambition to spread my Master’s kingdom;to achieve victories for the standard of the cross.So much has religion done for me;turning the original materials to the best account;pruning and training nature.But she could not eradicate nature: nor will it be eradicated till this mortal shall put on immortality.” The vow looked like Christian “religiosity” and “goodness”: helped the behindhand nation to improve their nation and so-called wild culture.(Charlotte Bronte, 78-90)But in fact, it caused by the Religion exclusionism.It was well-known that Christianity was a strongly exclusive religion and the Christians often looked down upon the other religions.In the course of expanding to the outside, they thought themselves had the obligation to rule and rescue the other culture, and took themselves attached to the language system of the empire so that they could clear away the colonial people to resist them and preach the salvation power of the empire.On the other hand, there always existed the dualistic antagonism between the suzerain and colony in the idea of the westerner: the empire was the “ego” and “centre” of the noumenon, politics and culture, but the colonies were foreign.Therefore, under the author’s pen, India was a fiendish area where only had the burning sun of east, the desert of Asia and the brutal clan and the coloured were savage, ignorant and superstitious, there nation was inferior and it needed to be domesticated.Through this difference, the colonists found the “right” reasons for robbed the cultural source from the eastern countries and built a cultural empire for the western countries.As Edward Said what he said that there existed an opponent language pattern that is the politics, economic and the cultural ideas of the suzerain and the politics and the culture of the fringe countries, they were dualistic antagonism.In this pattern, the fringe countries were only the weak foil of the “strong myth” of the suzerain.Faced to the cultural hegemony, they just derogated for themselves and the power politics fabricated a kind of “east myth” so as to reveal the supreme superiority.The author disparaged the east countries, even described them mistakenly.But to Saint John, the author was filled with the affirmation and respect: he was strong and austere, to the other people and himself, he always insisted the consistent principle.Because of the duty of the priest, he gave up fell in love with Miss Oliver and the temporal lure, but devoted himself to the “civilized” career of the empire.In the “wild” India, his health was destroyed and his life was also threatened greatly.However, he still was intrepid and filled with the zeal of the preacher.He did not intend to release the emotion and instinct so that people could get free from the degenerate and slavish status from the holy commandment and rational control.On the contrary, he insisted on doing the ascetic, self-regulating, difficult and continuous works and desiring to die in the course of his philanthropy.Finally, when Saint John died, the author thought that he exploited the way to the Asia for the empire and presented the beautiful anthem to Saint John through Jane “He entered on the path

He had marked for himself;he pursues it still.A more resolute, indefatigable pioneer never wrought amidst rocks and dangers.Finn, faithful, and devoted, full of energy, and zeal, and truth, he labours for his race;he clears their painful way to improvement;he hews down like a giant the prejudices of creed and caste that encumber it.He may be stern;he may be exacting;he may be ambitious yet;but his is the sternness of the warrior Great heart, which guards his pilgrim convoy from the onslaught of Apollyon.His is the exaction of apostle, who speaks but for Christ, when he says—“ Whosoever will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross and follow me.” His is the ambition of the high master-spirit, which aims to fill a place in the first rank of those who are redeemed from the earth—who stand without fault before the throne of God, who share the last mighty victories of the lamp, who are called, and chosen, and faithful.”(Charlotte Bronte, From this part, in some degree, we could found that Charlotte Bronte not only did revel in the physical benefit of the empire, but also was absorbed in the cultural career of the empire that by the centre of the religion expansion.Her ideas accord with the cultural expansion stratagem of the empire and she wanted to prove the right of the imperialistic: made the heretics become “human beings”, treated themselves liked the purposes.Compared to Bertha Mason, Saint John was the hero of the empire and he was the person that the empire needed.So in the condition of the imperialistic consciousness, he was the best pioneer of the empire who full of passion, power, faith and piety.Conclusion Culture is a stage, it is not only an elegant and calm sanctum but even possible become a battlefield.The culture sometimes records the secrets of all the conflicts all over the world.Indeed, as the reflection of imperialistic consciousness in culture, Jane Eyre was filled with the world conflicts of that time.It mainly included the conflict between the empire and colony, and formed a “cultural battlefield” between them.Charlotte Bronte emphasized again and again that her success and fascination was due to her distinctive individuality, strong passion and abundant imagination.she think the world that she created just existed in her heart.But the implicit language condition of the suzerain and the imperialistic mentality in her work reflected the author’s idea.As a citizen in the first capitalistic country and biggest colonial suzerain of that time, the author was full of the passion and ambition to build a “cultural empire” and created a “White Myth”.Bibliography [1]Ashcroft, Bill and Helen, Tiffin.Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies.London: Routledge, 1998.[2]Brooker, Peter.A Concise Glossary of Cultural Theory.London: Routledge, 1999.[3]Boehmer, Elleke.Colonial and Postcolonial Literature.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.[4]Charlotte, Bronte.Jane Eyre.The Ballantyne Press, 1927.[5]GayatriC, Spivak.Three Women's Texts and a Critique of Imperialism;The Post-Colonial Critic.New York: Routledge, 1988.[6]Innis, Harold A.Empire and Communication.Toronto: Uinversity of Toronto Press, 1950.[7]Said, Edward.Culture and Imperialism.New York: Vintage Books, 1993.[8]Tomlinson, John.Cultural Imperialism.London: Pinter, 1991.[9]Tomlinson, John.Globalization and Culture.Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999.[10]羅剛, 劉象愚.后殖民主義文化理論[M].北京: 中國社會科學出版社, 1996.[11]穆爾吉爾伯特.后殖民批評[M].楊乃喬等(譯).北京: 北京大學出版社, 1997.[12]穆爾吉爾伯特.后殖民理論—語境、實踐、政治[M].陳仲丹(譯).南京: 南京大學出版社, 1997.[13]莫漢蒂.在西方的眼睛之下: 女權主義學術與殖民話語[J].北京: 中華讀書報, 2000,(4).[14] 斯皮瓦克.移置作用與婦女話語[M].王岳川(譯).濟南: 山東教育出版社, 2002.[15] 賽義德.文化與帝國主義[M].李琨(譯).上海: 三聯書店, 2003.[16] 夏綠蒂.勃朗特.簡愛[M].黃源深(譯).南京: 譯林出版社,1994.

第二篇：《簡愛》中的女權主義意識

學科代碼：050201

貴州師范大學求是學院

（本科）畢業論文

論《簡愛》中的女權主義意識

系

別：外語系 專

業：英語教育 班

級：2010級4班 學

號： 學生姓名： 指導教師：

論《簡愛》中的女權主義意識

摘 要：《簡·愛》是現實主義時期著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品,她被認為是一位卓越的女作家。因為她在小說中描述的是與傳統不同的女主人公簡·愛勇于追求自由、平等和獨立的精神。它也是作者的自傳體小說。小說通過對簡·愛的性格進行剖析，證明了簡·愛是一個標準的女權主義者。簡·愛這個人物形象，博得讀者的愛憐，在英國文學史上是位具有代表性的人物，不僅表現在外表的樸實無華，而且還表現在她性格上的獨特魅力。簡·愛因其性格中所具有的強烈反抗意識而特別地引人注目。她堅持自己的原則去不斷反抗不公平的社會。她用盡全力去追求自由，平等，獨立和真愛。經過堅持不懈的努力她最終獲得自尊，自由和真愛。

關鍵詞：女權;反叛;獨立;平等;真愛

I

II

Analysis of the Feminism Consciousness

in Jane Eyre

Abstract:Jane Eyre is the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an extraordinary woman novelist.Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine’s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence.It is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.This essay attempts to prove Jane is a real feminist through the analysis of her personality.Jane Eyre is a typical and magnificent representative in English literature, not only for her plain but famous appearance but also for her character’s outstanding and alien.The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character.She always insists on her principle to rebel and fight against the unjust world bravely.She still tries her best to pursue freedom, equality, independence and true love.By unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity, freedom and true love.Key word: feminist;rebel;independence;equality;true love

III

目錄

摘要............................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。Abstract.....................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。前 言.........................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

一、作者女權主義思想的產生.........................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

（一）作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特的介紹.....................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

（二）作品《簡愛》的介紹.................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

二、《簡愛》中女權主義思想...........................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

（一）自尊心、自信心、反抗精神.....................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

（二）簡愛的愛情觀.............................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

（三）簡愛的獨立性.............................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

三、《簡愛》中女權主義反抗意識.................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

（一）為生存而戰.................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

（二）為獲得認同和尊嚴而戰.............................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

（三）為獨立平等而戰.........................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

四、結語..................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。參考文獻..................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。致謝............................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。獨 創 性 聲 明....................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。授 權 申 明.........................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。

IV

前 言

當今社會，女權主義受到越來越多人的重視，女權主義泛指婦女要求平等權利的社會思潮。又稱男女平權主義、男女平等主義。女權主義是近代資產階級啟蒙思想運動和婦女解放運動的產物，提倡婦女在人類生活所有領域與男子具有同等權利。女權主義具有廣泛的文化內涵，涉及政治、經濟、法律、教育、宗教、倫理等領域。

在19世紀的英國，一位批評現實主義的文學女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特寫出了一部代表女性主義思想的小說—《簡·愛》。這部小說是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“詩意的生平寫照”。書中的主人公簡·愛是一個心地純潔、善于思考的女性。她生活在社會底層，受盡磨難，但她有倔強的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。這部小說以濃郁抒情的筆法和深刻細膩的心理描寫，引人入勝地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的愛情經歷，歌頌了擺脫一切舊習俗和偏見，扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基礎之上的深摯愛情，具有強烈的震撼心靈的藝術力量。它最為成功之處在于塑造了一個敢于反抗，敢于爭取自由和平等地位的婦女形象。

一、作者女權主義思想的產生

（一）作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特的介紹

《簡·愛》的作者--夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)，生于1816年英國北部的一個鄉村牧師家庭。她所生活的的三十年間正是英國社會動蕩的時代。資本主義正在發展并越來越暴露它內在的缺陷；勞資之間矛盾尖銳化；失業工人的貧困；大量的童工被殘酷地折磨至死。社會和時代的不幸已經讓這位女作家的家庭窮困潦倒，家庭的不幸更是讓她陷入巨大的困境當中。母親早逝，八歲的夏洛蒂被送進一所專收神職人員孤女的慈善性機構。在那里生活條件極其惡劣，她的兩個姐姐瑪麗亞和伊麗莎白因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米莉回到家鄉，在荒涼的約克郡山區度過了童年。

15歲時她進了伍勒小姐辦的學校讀書，幾年后又在這個學校當教師。后來她曾作家庭教師，但因不能忍受貴婦人、闊小姐對家庭教師的歧視和刻薄，放棄了家庭教

小說主要描寫了簡·愛與羅契斯特的愛情。簡·愛的愛情觀更加深化了她的個性。她認為愛情應該建立在精神平等的基礎上，而不應取決于社會地位、財富和外貌。只有男女雙方彼此真正相愛，才能得到真正的幸福。在追求個人幸福時，簡·愛表現出異乎尋常的純真、樸實的思想感情和勇往直前的勇氣。她并沒有因為自己的仆人地位而放棄對幸福的追求，她的愛情是純潔高尚的，她對羅契斯特的財富不屑一顧，她之所以鐘情于他，就是因為他能平等待人，把她視作朋友，與她坦誠相見。對羅契斯特說來，簡·愛猶如一股清新的風，使他精神為之一振。羅契斯特過去看慣了上層社會的冷酷虛偽，簡·愛的純樸、善良和獨立的個性重新喚起他對生活的追求和向往。因而他能真誠地在簡面前表達他的愿望和改過的決心。

簡·愛同情羅契斯特不幸的命運，認為他的錯誤是客觀環境造成的。盡管他其貌不揚，后來又破產成了殘廢，但她看到的是他內心的美和令人同情的不幸命運，所以最終與他結婚。小說通過羅契斯特兩次截然不同的愛情經歷，批判了以金錢為基礎的婚姻和愛情觀，并始終把簡·愛和羅契斯特之間的愛情描寫為思想、才能、品質與精神上的完全默契。

簡·愛是個不甘忍受社會壓迫、勇于追求個人幸福的女性。無論是她的貧困低下的社會地位，或是她那漂泊無依的生活遭遇，都是當時英國下層人民生活的真實寫照。作者能夠把一個來自社會下層的覺醒中的新女性擺到小說的主人公地位，并對主人公為反抗壓迫和社會偏見、力爭獨立的人格和尊嚴、為追求幸福生活所作的頑強斗爭加以熱情歌頌，這在當時的文學作品中是難能可貴的。簡·愛平凡的外表下面隱藏著不朽的靈魂，在這個平庸的世界上顯得異常珍貴，灼然奪目。她的不屈不撓，勇于抗爭的精神指明了一條女性的道路，告訴天下所有的女性：要敢于對不公的命運說不，勇敢的追求自由、平等和幸福。

二、《簡愛》中女權主義思想

（一）自尊心、自信心、反抗精神

幼年時的簡.愛由于父母雙雙染病去世，她被送到蓋茨赫德莊園，寄居在舅舅家中。可雪上加霜的是蓋茨赫德的原主人里德先生—簡愛的舅舅也過早的棄她而去。舅媽覺得她是一個“天性惡毒、想法卑劣、特別愛撒謊”的人，于是對她百般刁難。表

[2]

德府使簡愛感受到“這兒有想象中的完美無缺的家庭安樂氣氛”。事實證明了她的預感的正確性，后來她成了羅切斯特的妻子果真成了這個家庭中的成員。

這個家的主人叫羅切斯特，他是個苦命的人，頑固的封建倫理道德釀成了羅切斯特的不幸婚姻。他大學畢業后在父親的安排下他娶了心胸狹窄的梅森小姐為妻。盡管美森的外表靚麗，然而她的脾氣確實極端的壞，她與羅切斯特的志趣格格不入。羅切斯特痛苦地感覺到“我們之間根本無法進行親切的交談，因為不管我談起什么話題馬上就會從她那兒聽到既粗俗又陳腐、既乖張又愚蠢的回答”。

當羅切斯特第一次看到簡愛時他就感到了“有一種全新的東西一種新的活力和新的感覺不知不覺傳便了我的全身”。這種新的感覺其實就是羅切斯特的真愛之夢將成為現實，這種感覺和簡愛所預見的感覺一樣也是正確的。從和簡愛相見、相識到相愛的過程當中，簡愛的那種叛逆精神、自強自尊的品質深深地征服了羅切斯特，而羅切斯特的優雅風度和淵博知識同樣也征服了簡愛。

簡愛與羅切斯特的婚姻變故促使她離開了桑菲爾德府，離開了她心愛的羅切斯特。經過了寒冷饑餓的折磨無家可歸的簡愛終于進了她的人生的又一個驛站—圣約翰家。對于親情的十分看重當她從叔叔那里繼承了兩萬英鎊的遺產時，她毫不猶豫地決定和她的三個表哥、表姐平分這份遺產。可見在簡愛的眼中錢盡管很重要，但是比起親情來就顯得微不足道了。這與當時一切以錢為中心的人際關系形成了鮮明的對比。她認為“我不至于自私自利到不講情義，不講公道到不分是非，忘恩負義到不像人樣”[2]。這是她對當時的金錢社會的有力抨擊和尖銳的痛恨。

圣約翰是一個知識淵博，長相英俊的傳教士。但是他不會享受生活的樂趣，整天到晚和時間挑戰。他認為工作是高于一切的，甚至包括生命和愛情。圣約翰為了他的偉大事業到東方印度傳教，他十分痛苦地壓抑了這份欲望。簡愛對于他的選擇簡直是不可思議，有愛卻不敢愛，有了愛情卻不敢追求。另一方面當圣約翰發覺，簡愛是一個有見識、有才智的女子的時候，他就向簡愛求婚了，不是因為他愛簡愛，而是因為他知道，如果娶簡愛為妻，對他的事業將是一個很大的幫助。這是多么自私的想法。

簡愛和羅切斯特的心靈感應使他們走到了一塊，盡管當簡愛回到桑菲爾德府時她面對的是一個雙眼已瞎，一只手已經殘廢的羅切斯特。但是，在簡愛看來這些都是不重要的。只要羅切斯特愛她她也愛羅切斯特就已經足夠了。她毅然與羅切斯特結婚，當起了羅切斯特的妻子和護士。兩年以后命運垂青了，這么一對恩愛的夫妻他們有了自己的孩子。羅切斯特的一只眼睛也恢復了視力，他們過著幸福的生活。我們看到

（二）為獲得認同和尊嚴而戰

簡愛在被家人認為是“壞孩子”趕出來之后被送往孤兒院。（當時看來是慈善學校的一種）通常在這里小孩受到壓迫和非人的虐待。她的視眼變得開闊了，性格中帶著更加憤怒的火花。由此可見，簡愛為獲得認同和尊嚴而戰在羅伍德學校漸漸發展起來。融科赫斯特先生是學校里最為貪婪虛偽的代表，對簡愛的最初印象是像動物一樣大大的鼻子，突出的門牙。他在學校懲罰人的責任稱為拯救所謂的靈魂，他迫使學校所有的女孩剪掉頭發，饑寒交迫，像奴隸一樣對待她們，簡愛也不例外。當簡愛摔壞了凳子時受到公然懲罰。她被罰站在凳子上一個半小時，融科赫斯特先生不僅公然羞辱她而且宣布她是騙子。因此簡愛感到非常失望，此時此刻無法用語言表達她的痛苦。“我想變乖，在羅伍德學校我認真做事，學會尊重別人，我已經取得了顯著地進步，成為班上第一名。米莉小姐經常表揚我，疼普小姐笑著贊許我，我受到同學們的一致好評，在他們眼中我是平等的。”[2]

為什么簡愛會想離開蓋茨黑德？原因是瑞德和他的家人對她漠不關心，她想受到家人的尊重。在她看來，人與人之間是平等的。所以她反對不合理的懲罰，視它為人格的侮辱，接著她開始為尊重而戰。如果別人不愛她，她寧愿去死也不愿活在這世上。由于融科赫斯特先生的謠言她受到其他同學的鄙視，尤其是她獲得老師和同學的尊重和認可后，她絕望了以至于不能正常學習直到后來天普小姐為她澄清污名，同學像以前那樣對待她才漸漸好起來。簡愛這才認為世界是如此美麗，也不再抱怨學校的伙食，盡管很難咽下。

（三）為獨立平等而戰

簡愛的獨立意識讓她在很小的時候就開始學著獨立，簡愛經常提醒自己命運應該掌握在自己手里，她拒絕羅切斯特送給她的珠寶和衣服，認為他所送的手鐲項鏈戒指等都是奴役的象征。盡管艾比德政府提供她一年30英鎊，簡愛還是繼續過著她平庸的生活，她覺得靠自己努力賺來的錢買衣服心安理得。這些行為不僅表現了簡愛女性獨立信念而且反應了她渴望了解世界與不同人交流的思想。當她在絲絨菲爾德莊園過著簡樸的生活時，開始后悔沒有出去旅游，向其他女性表達她的情感。

我們發現簡愛的生活一開始就沒有父母，沒有金錢，地位低下，惡劣的成長環境，也不漂亮但是足夠勇敢足夠堅強。她可能是社會上微不足道的人但卻是自己的主人。

勇敢果決的走出了灰姑娘的童話，邁向一個有著新女性、真女性的文學道路的起步。簡·愛藐視財富、社會地位和宗教的威儀，她認為，“真正的幸福，在于美好的精神世界和高尚純潔的心靈。”[10]她的信念和行動展現出來的力量，深深打動了一代又一代讀者的心，使生活在金錢萬能的社會中的人們的靈魂得到凈化。簡·愛是一個對自己的思想和人格有著理性認識的女性，一個對自己的幸福和情感有著堅定追求的性，一個不再只是盲從于男人和世俗要求的女性，一個對自己的價值和情感做出了獨立判斷的女性，一個堅強獨立的女性。夏洛蒂·勃朗特創造了一個前所未有的女性形象；簡·愛發出了一個屬于女性自己的聲音—對于平等、獨立、完整、自由的堅持和追求。作品當中處處散發著女性主義的光輝，它所倡導的女性經濟獨立意識，女性自我意識以及進步的婚姻觀，至今仍然閃爍著耀眼的光芒。它像是一個風標，指引著千千萬萬的女性去追求自由、平等和幸福。

但她的思想也有一定的局限性。縱觀夏洛蒂的人生路程，可以發現自卑感是籠罩其一生的陰影，所以，她筆下的人物有時也有一種自卑感。“窮、低微、矮小、不美”是簡·愛對自己的評價，這一客觀事實也是她產生自卑的根源。在這一評價之中，既有對自身形象的哀嘆，也有對家境出身的不滿。二者都對簡·愛的人生選擇產生了巨大的影響。在自卑感作祟下，簡·愛在一定程度上認同了世俗的評價標準。所以，即使贏得了羅切斯特的愛情，簡·愛也一直處于一種患得患失的狀態，沒有足夠的信心來維系這份感情，因為她隱隱感覺到世俗的強大力量在威脅著他們。[11]所以，當知道閣樓上瘋女人的真實身份之后，簡·愛選擇了自我放逐。從心理上來說，這是一種逃避的行為，而自卑心理正是導致回避行為的主因。

她還無法擺脫的男權束縛作為女權主義的先驅者，夏洛蒂塑造的簡·愛在一定程度上突破了維多利亞時代女性存在價值的限定。但是，長期沿襲下來的男權文化和男權話語的負面影響不可能在一夜之間就徹底肅清。她只是在家庭或經濟領域內關注女性，而沒有深入更廣泛的社會領域，即政治層面。

夏洛蒂僅僅局限于表現在婚姻和家庭中，女性的遭遇以及她們對男權主義的憤怒和反抗上面，卻并沒有揭示女性問題的實質，當然也沒有指出實現女性解放的有效途徑，更無法體會到女性解放只有建立在女性價值的全面實現，建立在社會壓抑的解除和女性的徹底解放上。這樣，夏洛蒂一方而期盼著女性有獨立自主的意識，一方而卻又無法擺脫時代傳統觀念束縛。就像她的作品《簡愛》中主人公簡愛以一個“拯救者”的身份回歸家庭。這體現出了夏洛蒂女權主義思想的局限性，即她認為女人的幸福仍

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參考文獻

[1]陸揚,張艷.拉康與弗洛伊德:無意識結構的語言分析[J].西北師范大學學報,2005(7).[2]Bronte Charlotte·Jane Eyre [M].Beijing: Yili People’s Publishing House，2002：23-24.[3] 魏琴.試析女性主義意識在《簡·愛》中的體現[J].文化研究.2009(12): 249-250.[4]朱虹.《簡愛》與女性意識[J].河南大學學報，1987:5．

[5]路甬祥.簡愛的性格分析 [M].北京 : 北京大學出版社，2006:73-76.[6]吳 朋.《簡愛》中簡愛的人格魅力 [J].外語界，2001(6):16-21.[7]王惠昭．淺析《簡愛》中的女性價值觀 [M]．外語與外語教學，2001:29-31.[8]朱虹.最后一幅素描[M].天津：百花文藝出版社，2008.[9]夏洛特·勃朗特著.《簡愛》，黃源深譯.南京：意林出版社，2006(11).[10] 劉淑華.淺談筒愛的性格：反抗與獨立[J].沈陽師范學院學報，1994(4).[11] 趙海虹.《簡愛》的失敗[J].外國文學，2004.21314-

第三篇：《簡愛》中女權主義意識(英文)

青島理工大學琴島學院畢業論文用紙

摘 要

《簡·愛》是現實主義時期著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品,她被認為是一位卓越的女作家。因為她在小說中描述的是與傳統不同的女主人公簡·愛的勇于追求自由、平等和獨立精神。它也是作者的自傳體小說。通過對簡·愛的性格進行剖析，證明了簡·愛是一個標準的女權主義者。簡·愛這個人物形象，博得讀者的愛憐，在英國文學史上是位具有代表性的人物，不僅表現在外表的樸實無華，而且表現在她性格上的獨特魅力。簡·愛因其性格中所具有的強烈反抗意識而特別地引人注目。她堅持自己的原則去不斷反抗不公平的社會。她用盡全力去追求自由，平等，獨立和真愛。經過堅持不懈的努力她最終獲得自尊，自由和真愛。

關鍵詞：女權, 反叛, 獨立,平等, 真愛

第6頁

青島理工大學琴島學院畢業論文用紙

ABSTRACT

Jane Eyre is the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an extraordinary woman novelist.Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine‘s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence.It is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.This essay attempts to prove Jane is a real feminist through the analysis of her personality.Jane Eyre is a typical and magnificent representative in English literature, not only for her plain but famous appearance but also for her character‘s outstanding and alien thoughts.The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character.She always insists on her principle to rebel and fights bravely against the unjust world.She still tries her best to pursue freedom, equality, independence and true love.By unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity, freedom and true love.KEY WORDS: feminist, rebel, independence, equality, true love

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青島理工大學琴島學院畢業論文用紙

Contents

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………..(9)Chapter One The Development of Jane Eyre‘s Resistance ……………………...(10)

1.1 Outburst period at Gateshead …………………………………………...(10)

1.2 Jane‘s resistance at Lowood Institution ………………………………(11)1.3 The perfection period at Thornfield and Moor House ………………….(13)Chapter Two Jane Eyre‘s Pursuit of Independence and Freedom ……………….(14)2.1 Jane begins to realize the importance of independence and freedom …(14)2.2 Jane gains strength from her teacher and her friend to achieve her

independence ………………………………………………………....(14)2.3 Jane develops her independence fully and learns the pleasure of it......(15)Chapter Three Jane Eyre‘s Attitude Towards Love ……………………………(18)3.1 True love should be based on equality and mutual understanding………..(18)3.2 The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love ……........(19)Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………….(23)Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………(24)Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………(25)

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青島理工大學琴島學院畢業論文用紙

Introduction

Charlotte Bronte, an English writer, is a great critical realist in the 19th century.She writes lots of works in her life.She sets to work on a new novel, Jane Eyre, which is published in August, 1847.Jane Eyre is her masterpiece which is a world famous novel.Jane Eyre has been translated into many languages and is always high in reading popularity.Jane Eyre, a plain, timid, weak and pale girl who appears to be a heroine, exists in numerous people’s minds.It seems to be a strange phenomenon.How can she arouse the eminent attention of the readers throughout the world? Because Jane Eyre stands for an idealized woman in the 19th century.Charlotte Bronte aims at awakening women's consciousness and courage to equal rights and freedom.Jane Eyre cuts a completely new woman image.She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for the recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.Jane strives with all difficulties to gain women’s liberation and to pursue freedom, equality and true love.The analysis of Jane‘s personalities and her attitudes toward love has shown partly Jane‘s love — a kind of direct, enthusiastic and faithful love.The story of the independent-minded Jane and her love affair with Mr.Rochester opens up new dimension for women.She is a typical character of awakening bourgeois intellectual women.The heroine Jane moves most readers as a kind and unique image in spite of her plainness, poverty and low position.The profound meaning of Jane‘s personalities makes this novel an extremely important work lists in the history of world literature as well as in the English literature.第9頁

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Chapter One The Development of Jane Eyre’s Resistance

1.1 Outburst period at Gateshead

Jane Eyre seems to be pale, thin and weak.She is like a piece of dust, nobody pays attention to her.At any time she may disappear.She was born an orphan, with an unfortunate family and long time repressive feeling;she builds up her resistant emotion.Under this background, everyone looks down upon her.Jane asks herself ―why was I always suffering, always browbeaten, always abused, for ever condemned.‖(Bronte, 2002:13)Her reason says ―unjust!-unjust!‖(Bronte, 2002:14)A first angry voice bursts out from her deep heart.When John beats her again, she attacks him viciously.She shouts at him, ―Wicked and cruel boy!You are like a murderer —you are like a slave-driver—you are like the Roman emperors!“(Bronte, 2002:7)When Mrs.Reed tells Mr.Brocklehurst that Jane has a bad character and a deceitful disposition, she defends that ―I am not deceitful: if I were, I should say I loved you;but I declare I do not love you: I dislike you the worst of anybody in the world except John Reed;and this book about the liar, you may give it to your girl, Georgiana, for it is she who tells lies, and not I.”(Bronte, 2002:48)However, Jane is a brave soldier who dares to face up all kinds of injustice and fights against them.Before she leaves Gateshead, she rebukes her aunt‘s cruelty, ―How dare I, Mrs.Reed? How dare I? Because it is the truth.You think I have no feelings and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness;but I cannot live so: and you have no pity.I shall remember how you thrust me back—roughly and violently thrust me back—into the red-room, and locked me up there, to my dying day;though I was in agony;though I cried out, while suffocating with distress, ?Have mercy!Have mercy, Aunt Reed!‘ And that punishment you made me suffer because your wicked boy struck me—knocked me down for nothing.I will tell anybody who asks me questions, this exact tale.People think you a good woman, but you are bad, hard-hearted.You are deceitful!‖(Bronte, 2002:49)Jane suffers various violent treatments by her aunt and

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cousins;she tries her best to be a good girl but only results in failure in Mrs.Reed‘s eyes.Jane resists and resists, but finally breaks out and speaks all her anger;Jane‘s courage frightens Mrs.Reed, for she knows Jane is right.In those days at Gateshead Hall, Jane's strong, brave and unbending characteristics are expressed step by step.Her every behavior shows her great indignation.Isolation, poverty, discrimination and oppression cause her to revolt against the unfair society in her own way.Jane is driven away from and escapes from Reed‘s house partly because of fearless courage.Jane fights not only for just treatment, but also for equality.This is the first step of the development of Jane Eyre‘s rebellious character.1.2 Jane’s resistance at Lowood Institution Lowood Institution is a charity school for poor clergymen‘s daughters.Jane lives here for eight years.Her rebellious sprits become mature.In fact it is a hell for poor girls.The school is like a prison dominated by cold, implacable cruelty and Brocklehurst.Children here are not supplied with enough food, clothes and good treatment of disease.Many of them die of illness.They have no love and sympathy at all, living in hunger and cold.Children must pray for God and thank for oppressors.Helen, a clever, intelligent and beautiful girl receives curse and beat, finally loses her young life.She believes in God.She says to Jane, ―I am sure there is a future state;I believe God is good;I can resign my immortal part to Him without any misgiving.God is my father;God is my friend: I love Him;I believe He loves me.‖(Bronte, 2002:121)Just because of these ideas, Helen hasn‘t a little rebel against that kind of cruel treatment.However Jane is not like Helen.She always tries to rebel, though she is still a child.She tells Helen: ―A great deal: you are good to those who are good to you.It is all I ever desire to be.If people were always kind and obedient to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way: they would never feel afraid, and so they would never alter, but would grow worse and worse.When we are struck at without a reason, we should strike back again very hard;I am sure we

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should—so hard as to teach the person who struck us never to do it again."(Bronte, 2002:82)This rhythmic and forceful speech embodies the deep bourgeois oppression of the lower women and Jane‘s rebellious spirit.To achieve independence as an equal human, Jane never yields to fate and background.She does as she says.Her attitude towards her cousins, her aunt and Mr.Brocklehurst all proves it.Another woman, Miss Temple, is also admired and deeply loved by Jane.Miss Temple‘s learning stimulates Jane‘s longing for intelligence and Miss Temple‘s kindness stirs up her enthusiasm for ideal life.So when Miss Temple leaves Lowood, Jane can‘t put up with dullness and isolation there.She thinks that now she is left in her natural element, and begins to feel the stirring of old emotions.Jane looks forward to a new life and a free sky.No matter what will happen in the future, she will face it bravely.The rebellious fury is burnt again.Then Jane makes an advertisement and gets a governess profession at Thornfield.In this period, Jane‘s rebellious spirit is up to a new standard and catches a more profound meaning.Her fighting is not only against a person, but against the social convention.1.3 The perfection period at Thornfield and Moor House At Thornfield, Jane, as a grown-up, changes her harshness into a refined woman with good education, delicacy of feeling and gentleness of manners.At Thornfield she gets along well with everyone.Jane is mild to everyone.Adele, a girl without talent is carefully taught by Jane and made safe and happy.In such a wild world, she forgets her pain and her misery.Furthermore, she learns to be tolerant to others‘ shortcomings.Hearing that Mrs.Reed is dying, she comes back soon to Gateshead.Although she once has told Mrs.Reed that she never wants to see her again, she forgets and forgives her.Jane‘s delicate feeling is best revealed when she meets Rochester, who is hurt.She gives him a hand in a polite way.In spite of his rude rejection, she says, ―I can not think of leaving you, sir, at so late an hour, in this solitary lane, till I see you are fit to mount your horses.‖(Bronte, 2002:173)

When Jane falls in love with Rochester, she is awaken and still keeps her resistance;she makes her every effort to rebel against social prejudice and customs，第12頁

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struggling for independence and true love.She dares to say ―no‖ to anyone, including her master, Mr.Rochester who is domineering and arrogant.When she talks with Mr.Rochester, she doesn‘t avoid saying what she thinks whether Mr.Rochester is happy or not.On the wedding between Jane and Rochester, Jane is told that Rochester has married before.Bertha Mason, a mad woman is his wife who has been living in Thornfield.At the bad news, Jane knows if she lives with him, she will fall into the category of mistress and lose her respect.The dream of freedom, happiness and the independence which she was looking forward to would become fancies.The strength of reason is power over emotion.Jane leaves Thornfield resolutely to meet unknown fate in the future.When she almost starves to death, St.John helps her.Jane‘s spirit of revolt is obviously expressed by her refusal of St.John‘s offer of marriage.Jane never changes her will to follow St.John.She thinks, ―If I join St.John, I abandon half myself, if I go to India, I go to premature death‖, ―if I do make the sacrifice he urges, I will make it absolutely: I will throw all on the altar—heart, vitals, the entire victim.‖(Bronte, 2002:642)Jane says to St.John, ―I scorn your idea of love.‖(Bronte, 2002:649)Jane dares to rebel against St.John‘s offer because she thinks they are equal.She has the right to rebel against him.This period is the perfection of Jane Eyre‘s rebellions.第13頁

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Chapter Two Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Independence and

Freedom

2.1 Jane begins to realize the importance of independence and freedom

Independence is the outstanding quality throughout the whole process of the novel.Jane Eyre is not pretty and her character is unique.She is maltreated by her cousins and aunt.One day, when Jane takes John‘s book to read, he beats her once more.John says that Jane has no business to take his books;―You have no business to take our books;you are a dependant, mama says, you have no money;your father left you none;you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen‘s children like us, and eat the same meals we do, and wear clothes at our mama‘s expense‖.(Bronte, 2002:7)When she fights against him severely, she is sent to Red Room.In the Red Room, she is frightened, but she keeps a clear mind that she realizes she needs to be saved from her blind fear of authority and be self-reliant.Her mind is in tumult, and all her heart in insurrection, her reason says ―unjust!I never compromise to them.I shall be independent.‖(Bronte, 2002:14)She hates Gateshead, hates everyone there.She hates Mrs.Reed who is a bad, hard-hearted woman.She treats her with miserable cruelty.Gateshead is a shelter for her, which teaches her a lot of things.Only when she is independent, can she be respected by others.After all, she is a little girl, it is hard for her to be economically independent.Therefore, she decides to be independent, self-sufficient in her mind.The Reeds are really mean to her and she thinks they suck.Of course, the feeling is mutual.Therefore, she is spared from the Reeds and is sent to a low budget orphan school called Lowood Institution.2.2 Jane gains strength from her teacher and her friend to achieve her independence

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At Lowood Institution, under the hypocritical Evangelicalism of the headmaster, Mr.Brocklehurst, she suffers further privation in the austere environment.The condition there is disgusting, but Jane doesn‘t submit to it.She gains her strength from her teacher and her fellow students to achieve her independence.Maria Temple, an independent woman, is the headmaster of the Institution.She is a responsible teacher, and kind to the students, even the low students.Consequently, she gains respect and popularity from the people around her.From Maria Temple, Jane learns that independence is a very important thing for everyone.In our modern society, it seems to be more important to be independent.Jane learns the importance of duty and self-control through the friendship with Helen.At the beginning, Jane has much sympathy for Helen.Because Helen doesn‘t dare to fight against the person who insults her.When Helen is to be flogged and to be asked to stand in the middle of a room that full of people.Jane thinks that Helen should turn against others when she is bullied;she should resist against Miss Scatcherd, and dislike Miss Scatcherd.From these we can see that Jane is not obedient to anyone if someone bullies her, she will do the same thing to others.As known to all, it is not violence that best overcomes hatred, nor vengeance that most certainly heals injury.And Jane learns these from Helen.Jane is deeply moved by Helen‘s actions and words.―Yet it would be your duty to bear it, if you could not avoid it: it is weak and silly to say you cannot bear what your fate to be required to bear‖.(Bronte, 2002:79)Then through the friendship with Helen, she learns to be self-control in a certain degree.―It is far better to endure patiently a smart which nobody feels but yourself, than to commit a hasty action whose evil consequences will extend to all connected with you;and besides, the Bible bids us return good for evil‖.(Bronte, 2002:79)

Jane stays at Lowood for 8 years.She attempts to do well in all aspects.She makes rapid progress both in study and work.She becomes stronger than before in her heart.The idea of breaking out the conservative puritan life does not occur to her.She longs for a new form of life.So she gets a job by herself.第15頁

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2.3 Jane develops her independence fully and learns the pleasure of it In order to lead a life of independence, Jane works as a governess at Thornfield Hall.She is looks down upon by the rich ladies of the fashionable society, but she never despises herself, she never feels herself inferior.She is satisfied with, and even proud of her honest, independent work.She loves Rochester who is in a large possession of fortune and in a high social position, but she never thinks of relying on these things.Once she immediately answers Rochester‘s question about what else she needs, by saying, ―Your regard: and if I give mine in return, that debt will be quit.‖(Bronte, 2002:424)This kind of independence is irrevocable out of her pure soul which hasn‘t been contaminated by the earthy care at all and represented the pure uprightness.When the happiness reaches the highest point where she is about to be the dreamy person‘s wife, Jane keeps a clear mind, protecting her independence and her personality.She refuses all the precious gifts that could have been owned as a fiancee and reminded Rochester again and again of the responsibility she should continue to fulfill as a governess.As Rochester‘s bride, she continues to be Adele‘s governess;when Rochester intends to give her a lot of jewelry and beautiful clothes, she refuses.Generally, beautiful clothes and jewelries are the favorite things to women.Jane thinks that real love is not based on money and jewelry.Her love doesn‘t mix with other strange ideas.In her opinion, self-respect, independence and equal rights are the fundamental elements of one‘s love.She doesn‘t want to be the slave of money, and she doesn‘t want to rely on others.They fall in deep love with each other.Rochester doesn‘t want Jane to go on working，he wishes Jane belongs to him and considers Jane as his property．Jane refuses his suggestion without any hesitation．In her opinion，if she loses her job, she must depend on Rochester to live，thus independence says goodbye to her.She doesn‘t want to be a thing of Rochester.At last, she decides to preserve her independence.With the news coming that Rochester‘s wife is still alive, Jane is driven back to her original status.It means that Jane is just a lover to him.By this time, there are two roads in front of her: One is to be the lover of Rochester.The other is away from

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Rochester to begin a new life.Actually, it‘s very sad for Jane to leave the place she liked, and the man she deeply loved.However, Jane is the unique!She is determined to leave Thornfield without any hesitation.As we know that nothing can succeed in confining her before her resistant spirit.The powerful shout of the born independent spirit from her heart remains her independence.The natural strength of independence overwhelms her, ―still indomitable was the reply—I care for myself.The more solitary, the more friendless, and the more unsustained I can be, the more I will respect myself.‖(Bronte, 2002:467)With Jane and Rochester‘s suffering the readers‘ compassion is also aroused besides the feeling of pity.There is no defying that the blood of independence is going through Jane‘s whole body from the day she was born.Fleeing from calamity solitarily, she does not hesitate all prices to maintain her own personality, dignity, and rebellions and independence is portrayed more perfect, and richer.Nowadays, as to women, we can‘t depend on men completely.We should earn money through our efforts, we must be independent, never be subsidiary to others.In order to get dignity, freedom and independence, she runs away.At the prerequisite of maintaining her own character she doesn‘t take the jewelry and clothes which Rochester gives her.Jane arrives at the desolate crossroads of whitcross and is reduced to begging for food.Fortunately, the Rivers siblings helped her.At Moor House, Jane learns the pleasure of self-sufficiency.She lives a happy life there.She develops great affection for the ladies, Diana and Mary, and they are really nice to her.Jane becomes spiritually stronger and more confident through the friendship with Diana and Mary.She doesn‘t want to live there for a long time.She intends to find a job to support herself, so St.John finds a job for her to teach at the local school.While teaching, she gains more social respect, and her students make progress quickly.Furthermore, the students and their parents like her very much.She is very happy and satisfied with her own conditions.As a teacher, her students‘ progress and popularity are the best gifts to her.第17頁

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Chapter Three

Jane Eyre’s Attitude Towards Love

3.1 True love should be based on equality and mutual understanding From the strong ego and independent personality, Jane seeks for love which should be based on mutual understanding, equality, respect and attraction.Jane is a governess, who has the profession with very low social position.Nearly no one looks up on it at that time.Being born of second class, Jane is sensitive about her position in society.She hopes that she can live with the same self-esteem as everyone in the upper class.She works very hard to be a good lady to reach the norm which is required by the upper class.Then she is eager to be admitted by the man who she loves, i.e.Rochester.Generally speaking, people are often satisfied with beloved one‘s compliment.As for Jane, things are the same.Rochester is one of the members of the upper class.Rochester is a rich gentleman with high social status and reputation.But Rochester falls in love with Jane, so does Jane.Jane doesn‘t pay much attention to the difference between their social positions, because she only admires and believes in marriage based on true love.Humble job and poverty cannot stop her loving an upper class gentleman.On this point, she shows a woman's extra strength to take a risky love with Rochester and keeps her self-esteem.She respects the mutual equality of personality.Jane‘s viewpoint shows she has clear self-awake sense of love.As a woman living in the society unequal between men and women, Jane doesn‘t follow the outmoded conventions.She believes men and women are equal even if not in property, but in personality.When Rochester tells Jane that he is going to marry Miss Ingram and he insists that Jane must stay at Thornfield.Jane is angry at it.Let us see how Jane retorts to Rochester‘s teasing.―I tell you I must go!‖ ―Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?––a machine without feelings? And I can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from

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my lips? Do you think I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? In fact you think wrong!––I have as much soul as you, and full as much heart!And if God had gifted me with some beauty.and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh;it is my spirit that addressed your spirit;just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God‘s feet, equal,—as we are!‖(Bronte, 2002:396)Rochester understands fully and esteems her.Jane still maintains self-control and clear-headed when she becomes Rochester‘s fiancée.She wants to protect her honor and independence.When Rochester buys diamond necklace, bracelet, ring, etc., which means to bind her, she refuses those gifts and reminds her, ―I shall continue to act as Adele‘s governess;by that I shall earn my board and lodging, and thirty pounds a year besides.‖(Bronte, 2002:423)Thus she is such a person who regards her dignity sacredly and inviolably.Jane seeks for happiness and love, but she doesn‘t think love is supreme.She can throw away traditions to follow love, but she will never sacrifice her dignity and independence for the reason of love.Obtaining equality in life is Jane's ambition.It is equality that makes her love Rochester with all of her heart and soul;also it is equality that makes her leave Rochester with her disappointment and distress.Life is hard to Jane.On their wedding day, a secret is exposed that Rochester has a mad wife locked for several years, and then Jane resolutely gives up Rochester and is determined not to be a mistress.Jane's ambition, of course, forbids her to accept the unequal position of being the mistress of someone‘s husband.She has her self-respect and must keep her nobility.Being an illegal mistress benefits her nothing but reduces her virtue and demoralizes her personality.Then she would have to depend on Rochester and lose her quality, independence and freedom.So she chooses the distress of leaving Rochester to realize her pursuit.3.2 The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love At that time, women were first customarily dependent on their parents then upon

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husbands.Their parents tried their best to choose good husbands for their daughters.The choices of husbands and fates were determined by men‘s social positions and properties, rather than personalities and sincere emotions.Usually, women‘s rational consideration triumphed over their personal interests.A problem raises in the novel is the position of a woman in society.Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel, maintains that women should have equal rights with men.When she decides to leave her love, she is very sad.But Jane will feel unpeaceful if she does not leave and stays with Rochester as a lover.And she would not be her cousin‘s wife without love.It is very easy to choose one‘s own love in today‘s England.But it is not so easy to do it in the 18th and 19th century England.Jane thinks that it is a glorious thing to have the hope of living with him and being his wife.Jane loves him with her whole heart.They have a meeting of the mind.But in that social background, people pay too much attention to property, rank and status.If the disparity is great, a pair of lovers would suffer disagreement with their families and their friends.Mrs.Fairfax, one of Rochester‘s servants, is very surprised and feels puzzled that her master is madly clinging to Jane.In their opinion, Blanche Ingram, who is a typical representative of the rich class, is so beautifu1, rich and has the same high social position.She is regarded as Thornfield wife of Rochester in the future by most people.She is the ideal wife of Rochester.If Rochester marries Ingram, it is natura1．Because in that society，people‘s sense of love is on the basis of money.In their eyes，money is everything，money is marriage.For the sake of money they can marry anyone even though the husband or the wife is an idiot.So the marriage between Rochester and Ingram is fair and reasonable．In their opinion, Jane is an ordinary looking woman without wealth, so she can never match Rochester.But with the development of the plot，Miss Ingram is proven to be a loser．Rochester is deeply attracted by Jane and gives up Ingram.Jane defeats her though Jane has no property and beauty.Jane‘s plainness，poverty, position and disposition are contrasted to Ingram‘s obviously.Jane is kind，intelligent, sympathetic and thoughtful, while Ingram‘s minds is poor and hypocritica1.She has no sympathy at al1.She plans to

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marry Rochester only because of Rochester‘ s property，Ingram tries her best to fascinate Rochester again and again，unfortunately，she falls again and again.Jane is fully aware of it．She witnesses ―repeated failures‖．The party is the climax of the novel and the essence of the book.At the party，Jane‘s victory is complete.According to her beautiful personality and the strength of her noble spirit，Jane drives those aristocrats away from competitive stages．High position and great wealth shows by the noble class are put aside．Jane gets glorious victory．

The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love.She distains the money and hunt marriage, and looks down upon her artificial and hypocritical manners.The way she gets to know Rochester well is talking with him, observing him and getting agreements with him.She falls in love with Rochester not at the first sight but after a fairly long time of acquaintance.Before she completely knows Rochester Jane only takes him as the master and an object for talking.Every time she talks with him, her attitude to Rochester changes.Through communicating with each other by their minds, they gradually come to a harmony in spirit.Jane thinks, ―The ease of his manner freed me from painful restraint;the friendly frankness, correct as cordial，with which he heated me, drew me to him.I felt at times as if he were my relation rather than my master: yet he was imperious sometimes still;but 1 did not mind that.‖(Bronte, 2002:225)This is Jane's revelation of true feeling to Rochester.Only when Jane understands Rochester, can she appropriately analyse and accept Rochester‘s character.Understanding each other and getting harmonious in spirit，the solid base of their true love.Jane loves Rochester‘s value as a man, instead of his properties, social and family status.So, whether Rochester is a rich person in the upper-class society, or is afflicted with calamity and becomes totally-blinded disabled man;whether Jane is a poor and plain governess in Thornfield, or she becomes a rich heiress in one night.Nothing can change her steadfast love for Rochester.After leaving Rochester‘s home, Thornfield Hall, Jane walks and travels without any aim.She lives in hunger and cold.As she roams about a whit cross, she is nearly dead because she suffers terrible hardships.St.John helps her and saves her life.St

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John wants to marry Jane and takes her to India with him.Although he is a little merciful and handsome, he is also very harsh and arbitrary.He considers little of Jane‘s benefit.He does not respect her or give her selfless love.Jane says if she joins St John, she will abandon half herself and if she goes to India, she will go to premature death.Jane tells John that she does not believe in marriage without love, because she still loves Rochester deeply.Jane insists that true love should be based on equality, mutual understanding and respect.She knows that to marry such a stonehearted person is to become a tool of him to serve God, so she refuses John‘s proposal.She hears the voice of Rochester in her mind, then she comes back to look for Rochester.She learns that Thornfield Hall has been burnt down, and that Rochester, attempting vainly to save his mad wife from the fire, loses one of his hands, is blind in both eyes, and becomes a crippled man.Now Mr.Rochester is not as rich as he used to, and he is disabled.But Jane loves him more than ever.Jane decides to stay with him and look after him for all of her life.This pair of lovers comes together in the end.But in that society such a marriage is considered uncommon and untraditional.In their love affairs there exist various paradoxes and conflicts which linked equality.Through mutual understanding, they gain the love between them.Jane gets Rochester‘s love as well as equality.Their love is based on equal communication, equal understanding and equal spirit.As we know, Jane is deep in love with Mr.Rochester, but if love runs against independence and equality, she would rather choose the latter, though it would be a great sorrow for them two.The unfulfilled matrimonial ceremony, therefore, provides the reader a good chance to learn the good sense and shrewdness in making decisions.In the end, Jane‘s return to and union with Mr.Rochester(who is not only nearly blind but relieved from his mad wife,)helps the reader see her true love for Mr.Rochester and her willing sacrifice to restore their paradise.第22頁

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Conclusion

Jane Eyre is Charlotte Bronte‘s masterpiece;it is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.Charlotte Bronte was so poor when she was young and she nearly could not feel her parents‘ love.In addition, she is not attractive and is very short, so all of these reflect her self-humiliation.She has a strong sense of self-esteem, and she often compensates for the self-humiliation by her self-esteem.She describes Jane Eyre, in fact, she writes herself.Jane Eyre is as common as Charlotte Bronte, and she keeps going after a kind of free, bright and beautiful life because of her self-esteem.The poetic, imaginative story of the love of a young governess for her married employer also has undoubted connections with Charlotte Bronte‘s experience in Brussels.It is an immediate success with both readers and most of the critics.Jane Eyre, the heroine of this novel, struggles to acquire her self-respect, independence, dignity and self-sufficiency at every stage of her life, both in struggling with social pressure, maltreatment, discrimination and in resisting against the temptation of passion.That the author describes her leading personalities in the novel, and highly praises her spirit against the oppression and social prejudice, her pursuit of the independent personality and the dignity, and her tenacious struggle for happy life is obviously aimed at revealing the call of the people of the lower class for respect and freedom, and further to awaken them to protest against the unfair society that kills humanity.And it‘s in this sense that Jane moves most readers as a kind and unique image in spite of her plainness, poverty and low position.In my opinion, the value of a woman does not lie in her looks, her dress, and any other things that have a powerful fascination to men‘s eyes, but in her nature, her mind, her character and her sentiment.This novel embodies the indomitable struggle of the laboring class who are awakening.The author, Charlotte Bronte calls for the equality between sexes, spiritual freedom and inviolable human dignity, showing her sympathy for the laboring class.第23頁

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Acknowledgements

Firstly, I would like to delicate my most sincere graduate to my supervisor Liu Xueyun, for his kindness and patience, unreserved help, respectable tolerance and his valuable suggestions.Without his meticulous proofreading and revision, my thesis would not be like what it is today.Secondly, I want to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to all the respectable professors and teachers who taught me the B.A.courses during my four-year undergraduate study, Professor Liu Shifa, Professor Jiang Xiping, Miss Shi Luan, Miss Tian Yan, Miss Jia Lihong and Miss An Mei etc.I have benefited a lot from their profound knowledge and wonderful lectures which are indispensable to the accomplishment of my thesis.Thirdly, my heart-felt thanks also go to my friends, especially Liang Qian, Zhang Qian, Yu Jing with whom I have shared the joy and frustration in pursuit of knowledge.In the end, my thanks go to my parents, without whose support I could not have accomplished my study.第24頁

青島理工大學琴島學院畢業論文用紙

Bibliography

Bronte, Charlotte.Jane Eyre Edited with an Introduction by Smith, Margaret.London: Oxford University Press, 2002.Shorter, C.K.Charlotte Bronte and Her Circle.London, 1896.Ellison, Edith.A Study of Bronte’s Novels.Green Wood Press, 1991.Wu Weiren.History and Anthology of English Literature, 1988． 簡同，《百部世界文學名著賞析》。北京：北京出版社，2001。李獻民，譯《簡·愛》。呼和浩特：內蒙古人民出版社，2002。劉炳善，英國文學簡史。上海：上海外語教育出版社，1981。田兆耀，《西方文學鑒賞》。北京：中國廣播電視出版社，2002。楊靜遠，《勃朗特姐妹研究》。北京：中國社會科學出版社, 1983。楊豈深，《外國文學名著欣賞》。哈爾濱：黑龍江人民出版社, 1984。

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第四篇：論《簡愛》中簡愛的女性意識

論《簡愛》中簡愛的女性意識

作者：祝娟

單位：博英陽光幼兒園

【摘 要】夏洛蒂?勃朗特最負盛名的一部作品《簡愛》出版于1847年。在那個年代，由女性作家創作的以女性作為主角的長篇小說實屬難得，更可貴的是作品中體現出的女性獨立意識，雖然這種獨立意識在強大的社會價值觀念的作用下顯得有些無助甚至——在極端的情況下——有些病態。但《簡愛》的女主人公簡愛敢于反抗壓迫,要求獨立自由,追求平等的精神體現出的強烈的女性意識,使其成為那個時代最具有代表性的全新的女性。

【關鍵詞】簡愛

女性意識

平等

獨立

女性意識界定

所謂女性意識,就是指女性對自身作為人,尤其是女人的價值的體驗和醒悟.對于男權社會,其表現為拒絕接受男性社會對女性的傳統定義,以及對男性權力的質疑和顛覆；同時,又表現為關注女性的生存狀況,審視女性心理情感和表達女性生命體驗。具體得說：“‘女性意識’指女性的自我意識??它主足于女性的‘此在’去感知，體驗人生與世界，傳達女性的欲望與追求，肯定女性的經驗與價值”。19 世紀的英國是“女性小說的時代”。

批判現實主義作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《簡愛》以其鮮明的女性主義主題創作出超越時代的女主人公簡·愛。她既不是“家里的天使”也不是“理想的淑女”，她的桀傲與叛逆顯然和時代的主流意識格格不入，卻因勇敢的挑戰男權控制下的既定秩序，追求女性的獨立、平等成為女性文學不朽的經典人物形象。

女性意識在《簡愛》中的體現

十九世紀的英國普遍存在的婦女觀是什么呢? 當時的思想家約翰·拉斯金在其散文《論女王的花園》中就說, 理想的婦女和理想的家庭與現實的原始森林式的生存競爭互不相容,婦女的地位不是在社會上, 而是在家庭中。按照當時流行的說

法, 就是做“家里的天使。”這就意味著女人必須在家里侍奉丈夫和孩子, 否則就是不合乎“家里的天使”的模式, 也就失去了女人存在的價值。顯然, “天使”集中概括了一個男權主義世界里十分荒謬的婦女觀。這種觀點在十九世紀十分盛行, 就在這種社會背景下, 簡·愛卻大聲宣布“我不是天使, 我就是我自己!”這呼聲既是對以男子為中心的英國社會的公開挑戰, 也是為捍衛女性人格與尊嚴的吶喊。若從婦女解放的角度說來,這句鏗鏘有力的話在當時有名么激進,多么有份量!可以它是打開《簡愛》的一把鑰匙。

簡愛從小是一個無依無靠的孤兒,從小寄養在舅母家。寄養家庭里少爺的專橫, 小姐的傲慢, 夫人的惡意, 仆人的偏見,都令她感到痛苦不堪,從而產生強烈的反抗意識“不公平!不公平!”這是她的結論。終于在她被她的表哥打得頭破血

流之際,她發瘋似的和他對打,使盡全力狠狠地揍他一拳,并發泄地叫道:“你這個男孩真是又惡毒又殘酷!你像個殺人犯!你像個虐待奴隸的人!你像羅馬的皇帝!”她甚至敢于對她殘忍的舅母說: “世界上我最恨的人就是你!”

對寄養家庭的反抗導致了簡愛被送進勞渥德孤兒院。這是一所以肉體到精神對孩子們進行宗教束縛摧殘的所謂慈善機構, 簡仍是那樣叛逆不馴。她對好友海倫經常受到責罵和鞭打卻從不抱怨十分蔑視和憤恨。她奉勸海倫說, 如果自己受鞭打, 便要把那根鞭子奪過來, 當面把它折斷, 而且“我們應該狠狠地回擊”。“狠狠地回擊!”這正是簡強烈的反抗精神的寫照。簡以她頑強的生命力熬過了八年窒息刻板的學校生活, 但她始終念念不忘的是“我向往自由, 我渴望自由”。這都表明了簡“不與環境命運相妥協, 勇于反抗斗爭, 爭取做人的權利的可貴精神, 而這正是當時廣大婦女覺醒的標志。”

女性的獨立首先在于經濟上的獨立。在簡愛生活的年代,結婚是女子的唯一出路。但在簡愛的心目中,經濟的獨立是她人格獨立的支柱,只有在經濟獨立的基礎上,她才覺得有自己的人格和尊嚴,才覺得自己是個實實在在的人。簡愛經歷了痛苦, 貧窮的童年,但她發奮努力,終于以超群的才華當上了老師,經濟上得以自食其力。她對經濟上獨立自主的要求是強烈的也是貫穿始終的。羅切斯特給她買的昂貴的衣服首飾,都讓她一一推掉。她向羅切斯特表示: “不要任何財物,只要一顆沒有被大量的恩惠壓倒的心”。她永遠也受不了“讓羅切斯特先生把我打扮得像一個玩偶,每天讓金雨淋在我周圍"。她執意不放棄家庭教師的工作,而要繼續作阿黛勒的家庭教師,用這個掙得我的膳宿費和外加的一年的三十磅。在離開桑菲爾德和她所深愛的男人后, 簡用自己的雙手和辛勤的汗水換來了一份新的生活她承擔了圣約翰為他介紹的艱苦工作。為窮人服務,做一名鄉村教師。同時,這份工作也給了她很大的精神安慰:她可以自己養活自己,不需要依附任何人!簡愛在經濟上獨立的要求, 并沒有使她把金錢作為唯一的目標。簡愛在金錢面前,在叔叔的遺產一夜之間由赤貧變為富有的時候, 她立即就把遺產的大部分轉贈給她貧窮的表哥表姐。很明顯, 作者努力讓她的女主人公在經濟上獨立的用心是良苦。我認為, 遺產的安排并非象許多評論者所說的是“畫蛇添足”, 而是恰恰反映了作者已經敏銳地看到, 女性的獨立。

首先在于經濟的獨立。她清楚地懂得, 如果婦女在經濟上不能獨立, 那么在政治上、婚姻上就沒有真正的獨立、平等可言, 這個認識無疑是接近真理的。正如恩格斯所指出的:“只要婦女仍然排除于社會的生產勞動之外而只是從事家庭的私人勞動, 那么婦女的解放, 婦女同男子的平等, 現在和將來都是不可能的。”

按照維多利亞時期婦女的行為規范, 簡愛有兩大過失:一是向一個男人(羅切斯特)主動表達自己的愛情;二是拒絕另一個男人(圣約翰)的求婚。簡愛與男主人翁羅切斯特的愛情波折,使她的個性得到了充分的體現。當簡愛發現自己愛上羅切斯特的時候, 她很清楚地意識到橫亙在他們之間的巨大的鴻溝: 羅切斯特出身名門,是上流社會的紳士;她出身卑微,不名一文,只是一個地位與傭人差不多的家庭教師。然而,她并沒有因此氣餒,或者自我貶低,而是勇敢地向自己!向羅切斯特承認自己的感情。在一場社會地位如此懸殊的愛情當中,表現得不卑不亢。她認為人在精神上都是平等的,這無疑是在等級森嚴的階級社會向社會偏見的大膽挑戰。“要是上帝賜予我一點美貌和一點財富,我就要讓你感到難以離開我,就像我現在難以離開你一樣。”在英國小說史上,簡是第一位女主人翁,為強烈的感情所驅使,主動地向她愛慕的男主人翁表達愛意,而又如此率真感人!當她為自己不能與羅切斯特結合卻仍被留在莊園而感到屈辱時, 她憤然說道: “你認為,因為我窮!低微!不美!矮小,我就沒有靈魂沒有心嗎?你錯了!我的靈魂跟你一樣,我的心也和你一樣,我們站在上帝腳跟前,是平等的!” 這番有力的自白表明了簡一貫遵循的神圣原則一一自重、自尊、自愛。

由于羅切斯特瘋妻的存在使他們無法結成夫妻, 于是羅切斯特就決定帶簡到遙遠的地方一起生活, 但簡認為自己無異于當一名情婦, 她對自己說:“我關心自己, 我越是孤獨, 越是沒有朋友, 越是沒有支持, 我越尊重自己”。她勇敢地面對厄運的挑戰, 作出了離開羅切斯特這一痛苦而又堅決的抉擇。這正是她把愛情與人的真正價值緊緊連在一起, 從而使愛情升華到了更高的境界。她的出走, 不僅完滿地表現了她的性格, 她的執著追求, 而且是對世俗觀念的大膽蔑視。因此, 她的離去, 不是逃避現實, 而是在更高層次上的選擇, 是在爭取一個普通女子應有的社會地位的道路上往前邁了一步。

簡愛在離開莊園后,流浪荒郊,幸好被牧師圣約翰收留。在圣約翰與簡的交往中, 他發現了簡的性格中閃出的不平凡的光彩: 她直爽, 單純, 富有激情,特別是她的能吃苦耐勞和有毅力這一點, 圣約翰認為是適合作一個傳教士的妻子的有利條件,所以他向她求婚。但他對簡的求婚不是出于愛情,而是上帝的旨意。簡雖然佩服圣約翰的獻身精神,但他們的愛情觀有著截然不同的分歧。她認為圣約翰向她求婚,不是因為愛她,只是要在他在印度的辛苦工作中有一個合適的同事。她一再堅持在愛情婚姻上應該是平等的,應該以愛情為基礎而結合,而不應該把妻子當作傳教士的一件有用工具。她對圣約翰說: “我鄙視你的愛情觀念!我瞧不

起你奉獻的這種不真實的感情!是的,圣約翰,你把它奉獻出來的時候,我鄙視你!

不以愛情為基礎的婚姻也是不平等的!”

圣約翰對簡的求婚,實際上是在宗教的名義下的男權社會對女性的招安, 本質上仍然是把女性當作工具,當作附庸,當然被簡愛所拒絕。

簡愛的女性意識對現代女性的啟示

平凡的簡·愛雖然相貌普通，出身卑微，然而卻擁有一顆金子般善良的心。羅素曾說過：“在一切道德品質之中，善良的本性在世界上是最需要的。”善良如空氣，沒了它，我們的生活無法想象。簡·愛的善良除了我們理解的同情心外，更有著超越于普通人之上的無私與寬恕。

在簡·愛舅媽里德太太臨終時，她陪在身邊的那一幕感動了無數讀者。從小

說中，我們看到里德太太簡直就是簡·愛苦難的源頭，隨著收留她，疼愛她的舅舅里德先生的去世，冷酷無情，虛偽自私的里德太太把簡·愛當作傭人一樣對待，將她視為眼中釘，肉中刺，處處刁難，對這個失去雙親的可憐孩子，不但不給予同情與關愛，反而處處苛責，縱容自己的孩子欺負。更可恨的是，她把簡·愛送進了標榜懲罰肉體以拯救靈魂的人間地獄般的慈善學校里，并且在前來接簡·愛的布魯赫爾斯先生面前撒謊怒斥簡愛是一個撒謊而討厭的女孩子。可是，就是這樣一個深深傷害過自己的人，簡·愛原諒了。

當這位曾虐待過自己的舅媽臨終時，在沒人在身邊的情況下，她去探望了她，并對她所受的巨大的痛苦產生了憐憫之情，她彎下腰吻了吻她，深情地叫了一聲 “舅媽，親愛的舅媽”并妥善安排了她的后事。簡·愛在此的表現，讓每一位讀者都看到了什么是寬容，什么是善良。馬克·吐溫曾說過：“紫羅蘭把它的香氣留

在那踩扁了它的腳踝上。這就是寬恕。”

每個人都會犯錯誤，都會有意無意傷害別人，也會被別人傷害，如果執著于這些傷害，只會讓自己更痛，在短暫的人生旅途中，也許寬容可以讓我們活得更好。寄人籬下，任人驅使的悲慘童年，飽嘗了人情冷酷，世態炎涼的滋味，并沒有使簡·愛變成一個冷酷麻木的女孩，相反，她用一顆善良博大的愛心關愛著身 邊的人。簡·愛這樣一個平凡而圣潔的女子告訴21 世紀的女性們不僅要愛自己，還要去愛家人，愛朋友，愛身邊需要幫助的人，甚至是曾經傷害自己的人。只有在點點滴滴的生活中無私的給予，在世俗怨恨中心胸曠達而付出真愛，才稱得上 是一個具有高貴品格的形象。

簡·愛悲慘的成長歷程讓她早早明白，只有自己才能保護自己，維護自己的 尊嚴。她寧可承受孤獨，也不愿低三下

四、無視人格地去乞求廉價的憐憫和同情。當仆人告訴她稱呼表哥主人時，她勇敢地反問道“: 他怎么是我的主人? 我又不是仆人!”無論是舅母的虐待還是學監的侮辱，無論心靈受到多大的挫傷，她都自尊自愛，像保護生命一樣保護自己的人格。

在做羅切斯特養女阿黛勒的家庭教師時，她雖只是一個出身微賤的小姑娘，本應是很容易低聲下氣，乞求憐憫的。但簡·愛卻不。在簡·愛與男主人公羅切斯特第一次有關禮物的談話中，羅借養女阿黛勒要禮物的茬口，試探簡·愛對他人的施舍和恩賜的態度：是否期望別人的禮物？ 簡·愛實實在在地答到“: 我說不上來，先生，我對這些東西沒有什么經驗，一般認為是討人喜歡的。”羅譏諷

道“: 愛小姐，你不像阿黛勒那么單純，她一見到我就嚷著要‘禮物’，而你卻轉彎抹角。”簡不露聲色說“: 因為我對自己是否配得禮物，不像阿黛勒那么有信心”羅再次為難道“: 啊，別以過分謙虛來搪塞!”簡不卑不亢說到“先生，你已經給了我‘禮物’，我很感謝你，贊揚學生的進步，是教師們最向往的酬勞。” 在談話中，她既不忘家庭教師的身份，又充分表現出作為一個平等個人的自信和自尊。”

簡·愛的自尊自愛還表現在當她發現自己愛的人有妻子時，選擇了離開。羅切斯特和簡·愛相愛后，歡天喜地到教堂準備結婚時，得知羅切斯特早已結婚和 閣樓上藏瘋妻的秘密。這一消息使簡·愛傷心欲絕，一時不知如何是好。來之不易的幸福瞬間就要消失了，是去還是留？雖然她深愛著羅切斯特，但她不愿違背道德準則，不愿失去做人的尊嚴去做羅切斯特的情人。她告訴羅切斯特：“先生，你的妻子還活著，這是早上你自己承認的事實。要是按你的希望同你一起生活，我豈不成了你的情婦。別的說法都是詭辯———是欺騙。”她拒絕了這份不道德的

婚姻，以非凡的自制力，克制了對羅切斯特強烈的愛，毅然離開了莊園。這使我們感受到簡·愛獨立人格中包涵的平等、自尊的進步愛情觀以及她的獨立人格的鋒芒和魅力。

情是人們生活中不可缺少的組成部分。對于讀者來說，愛情主題是一個最富有人情味、最能引起感情共鳴的主題；對創作者來說，愛情主題是最能展示作者人性力量的主題。簡·愛的愛情讓讀者感到一股強大的、熱情優美的、震撼人心的情感力量，讓讀者真切地體會到她的感情歷程，讀懂了她對愛情與女性獨立的詮釋，也讓讀者為她在情感與理智徘徊中作出令人振奮的抉擇而喝彩。

簡·愛的感情觀中主要的一個特點是平等的愛情。羅切斯特雖專橫傲慢，但感情真摯強烈，經過驕傲和感情之間長時間的斗爭，被簡·愛的人格魅力所吸引，深深地愛上了她。簡·愛知道這種愛情在當時注重階級的社會是不可能的，在她以為羅切斯特要與貴族小姐結婚時，她選擇離去，而羅切斯特卻要求她留下來，這也激發了簡愛的表白。“你以為，因為我貧窮，不美，矮小，我就沒有靈魂，沒有心嗎？你錯了，我的心靈跟你一樣豐富，我的心胸跟你一樣充實！要是上帝賜

予我一點姿色和充足的財富，我也會讓你感到難以離開我，就像我現在難以離 開你一樣。上帝沒有這樣，可我們的精神是同等的，就如同你跟我經過墳墓，將同樣地站在上帝面前。因為我們是平等的!”這段愛情表白，道出了簡·愛內心要求人格平等的呼聲, 充分表現了她反對以金錢地位為標準的庸俗愛情觀，鄙視資

產階級的門第觀念，以大膽的叛逆精神向羅切斯特告白。

其次，在簡愛尋求的愛情里，二人在經濟上應該是獨立的，而不是依附性的。經濟基礎決定著上層建筑。這一惟物主義理論不僅僅適合階級范疇，也對男女的社會關系作出了相適應的解釋。女性要獨立，首先要爭取經濟上的獨立，拋開對男性的物質依賴。所謂“靠誠實的勞動掙得的面包，比不勞而獲的面包更香甜。”在她打算嫁給羅切斯特時，她的想法就是：不愿依附于對方，而愿通過自己的努力為他帶來更多的財產。她拒不接收羅切斯特送給她的鉆石戒指、項鏈和手鐲等奢侈禮品。當羅切斯特要她立刻放棄家庭教師的工作時,她拒不認同，而是繼續履行家庭教師的職責，她要以自食其力的勞動來保持個人的人格尊嚴，也維護了自己純潔高尚的愛情。也正因為這樣，簡·愛才能理直氣壯地說：“我不是根據習俗，常規，甚至也不是以血肉之軀同你說話，而是我的靈魂同你的靈魂在對話，就仿佛我們兩個穿過墳墓，站在上帝腳下，彼此平等———本來就如此。”

簡·愛的婚姻觀首先表現在她發現羅切斯特已經有妻子后，選擇理智地離開。盡管她非常愛羅切斯特，但她知道如果與羅切斯特生活在一起，她將失去尊嚴，因為她的留下只會使她成為一名情婦。她要的不是這樣不純凈的愛情和婚姻。她憑著堅強的毅力，痛苦而堅定地離開了他，去獨自謀生。至此，可以看到簡· 愛追求自由、平等的婚姻。

反映簡·愛婚姻觀的另一個例子還體現在她拒絕表哥圣約翰的求婚中。離 開桑費爾德莊園后，簡·愛歷盡艱辛，最后被里佛斯兄妹收留。兄妹中的哥哥圣 約翰是一個虔誠的傳教士，在他打算去印度傳教時，他多次向簡·愛求婚，但卻 不是出于愛情，而是他賞識簡·愛的才華和毅力，在他心中婚姻只不過是為自己 取得一位幫手的工具。面對他的求婚，簡·愛有過掙扎，但她明白，如果她和圣 約翰在一起就等于拋棄了一半自我，過一種完全克制自己受人支配而且沒有真 正愛情的虛偽婚姻的生活。盡管她非常贊賞他獻身宗教的精神，感激他對她的 賞識，她還是拒絕與圣約翰締結沒有愛情的婚姻。第二天，她在愛的呼喚下，告 別了圣約翰家，重返桑費爾德，她要到那兒去尋找自己真正的愛情與歸宿。在羅 切斯特莊園被燒，眼瞎臂斷時，簡·愛毅然選擇了自己的愛情，待在自己深愛的 人身邊，不離不棄，奉獻給災難中幾乎絕望的羅切斯特以真誠的愛。她用自己的 行為表明了自己的愛情觀，那就是平等自主，真誠奉獻。

女作家精心塑造了一個平凡而又很不尋常的家庭女教帥形象，歌頌了把兩顆靈魂平等結合在一起的愛情，同時也歌頌了敢于和男權社會頑強斗爭的婦女，把維護女性的人格尊嚴看得高于一切。從表層意義上說，《簡愛》的愛情故事是平民女作家站在進步的立場上，對于當時盛行的以金錢、門第、美貌作為交換條件的買賣婚姻的否定。可是從深層內涵看，簡愛與羅切斯特的愛情故事中，深藏于其中的意義，是令人震撼的開始覺醒的。19 世紀西方婦女強烈的女性意識，千百年來柔弱可憐、因沒有人格的獨立而尋求男性保護的女性，在女作家建構的世界里，挺立起來了，她獲得了雄偉剛強的力量，不僅得到了精神上的獨立自主，更實現了經濟上的自主。簡愛這一形象變得高大而不同凡響，她閃現出的強烈的女性意識象暗夜中的火把，為廣大婦女點燃了希望之光。

參考文獻：

[1]李立新，簡析西方生態女性主義思潮[J].人文2009(1):127—128.[2]李濤，新歷史主義與夏洛蒂?勃朗特的小說研究[J].外語與外語教學2007(3):48—51.[3]苗福光，歐美生態女權主義述評[J].學術論壇2005(10):181—184.[4] 王文惠，簡?愛性格的另一面——以女權主義批評解讀夏洛蒂?勃朗特的《簡?愛》[J].哈爾濱學院學報2003(2):64—66.[5] 王文惠，《簡?愛》男主人公羅切斯特讀解[J].齊齊哈爾大學學報2004(11):86—88.[6] 王文惠，從被壓迫者到壓迫者——論《簡?愛》男主人公羅切斯特兼及相關問題[J].海南師范學院學報2005(6):99—101.[7]王文惠，月亮與火的宗教意象之美——讀夏洛蒂?勃朗特之《簡?愛》[J].哈爾濱學院學報2005(3):89—92.

第五篇：《簡愛》的女性意識分析論文

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摘要

維多利亞時代是一個變革的時代，伴隨著經濟和政治上的變革，女性主義意識也在文學創作中獲得充分反映。夏洛蒂勃朗特是反映這一時期女性主義意識的一位代表作家，她以其“詩意的生平”的寫照——《簡愛》向我們凸顯了一位自強不息、敢于反抗與追求自由平等的女性形象——簡。選題試圖從簡愛寄人籬下的童年、學校寄宿生活、做家庭教師，成為女繼承人這四個階段分析《簡愛》所體現的女性主義意識。

關鍵詞：簡愛； 女性主義意識；自由平等；反抗

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目 錄

一總述…………………………………………..……………………...1

二成長歷程……………………………………………………………...1

（一）寄人籬下的童年時期...........................................2

（二）無依無靠的讀書時期............................................2

（三）快樂自由的教書時期...........................................2(四）繼承人的選擇.................................................2

三 總結.................................................1

參考文獻 ………………………………………………………………..1 附錄1……………………………………………………………............1 湖南工業大學漢語言文學專業學年論文

一 總述

維多利亞時代（1837—1914）是英國文學的繁榮時期之一，女權主義運動興起, 使得女性主義文學獲得了獨立的文學地位, 同時也具有了獨特的文化意義。夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte，1816-1855）是這一時期英國的著名作家，《簡·愛》是她的成名作和代 表作，也是反映她生平寫照的一部自傳性小說。小說采用第一人稱敘事，以英國維多利亞初期社會為背景，通過女主人公簡愛從一名孤兒成長為獨立女性的歷程，塑造了一個不屈服于世俗壓力、獨立自主、敢愛敢恨、愛憎分明的女性形象。這一形象的形成過程主要包括四個階段：寄人籬下時期、寄宿學校時期、做家庭教師時期、成為女繼承人時期。本文將通過這四個主要階段，分析《簡·愛》的女性主義意識。

二 成長歷程

（一）寄人籬下的童年時期

簡愛從小就失去父母，寄養在蓋茲海德府的舅媽家里。盡管蓋茨海德府是年幼簡愛的家，里德太太時間太太是簡愛，其女約翰、伊萊扎和喬治亞娜也是簡愛名副其實的表親，但簡愛在蓋茨海德府的地位卻 極其低下，遭受著種種不公正的待遇。為了最終能被里德太太的家庭所接受，她百般地討好他們，盡力忍受他門的冷眼和刁難，且千方百計做好每件事。然而事與愿違，里德 太太還是無法接受她，將她視為眼中釘，肉中刺，處處刁難。不僅如此，嬌橫殘暴的表兄約翰·里德把表妹簡 愛當作丫頭一樣進行毆打，但這并沒有使她屈服, 相反激起了她精神上的反叛。為了維護自己的尊嚴, 她奮起反擊。面對瑞德表哥的虐待和羞辱,簡愛不畏強暴，奮起反抗，怒斥這個迫害她的小魔王：“你這個惡毒殘忍的孩子!”“你簡直像個殺人犯, 像個管奴隸的監工頭, 像羅馬皇帝!”[1]接著便和他發瘋似地扭打起來。雖然這一次反抗讓簡愛付出了代價，她被關進了可怕的紅房子。但這次不畏強暴的反抗壯大了簡愛的膽量，挫傷了表兄約翰的威風。在遭受舅母、表哥的欺凌和壓制時，她幼小的心靈就出現了反抗意識，“我意識到，片刻的反抗已經難免會給我招來意想不到的懲罰，于是，我像任何一個反抗的奴隸一樣，在絕望中下了個決心，要反抗到底。” “有些人，給我不公平的懲罰，那我就不能不反抗，這是很自然的事”。[2]在這樣的思想下，反抗意識成為她性格中的主流，這種反抗意識隨著年齡的增長而增長，而她身上所體現的勇于與現實社會、與不公的環境和命運相抗爭，追求自尊自主、獨立平等的不屈不撓的精神，正是女性主義意識的體現。

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（二）無依無靠的讀書時期

如果說在舅媽家飽受虐待的經歷只是她萌生強烈反抗意識的初始階段，那么被狠心的舅媽送進羅沃德寄宿學校后，在這個標榜懲罰肉體 以拯救靈魂的人間地獄般的“慈善”學校里度過的8年少年時光則更激發了其女性主義意識的發展。在來勞渥德之前，她對新的生活充滿了熱情和渴望，她曾一 度認為來到勞渥德就可以擺脫里德夫人家里的痛苦生活，開始美好嶄新的人生歷程。但是當她真正來到勞渥德之后，她才發現事實并非如此。在那兒簡愛忍受著饑餓、匱乏、欺辱，并對布羅克 赫斯特先生的宗教偽善和父制強權極其憤恨，但她卻從女教師坦 普爾小姐和好友海倫?布恩斯身上得到了暫時的撫慰。在她們的影響下，她看似性格馴服、慣于順從，但是她的女性主義意識仍然深深的刻在她的骨子里。看到勞渥德學校的教師斯卡徹德小姐殘忍的體罰海倫，簡愛憤憤的對海倫說：“我要是你的話，準會恨她，反抗她。要是她敢用那根鞭子抽我，我就從她手里奪下來，當著她的面把鞭子折斷。”[3]海倫聽后勸慰簡愛要平息心中的憤怒，默默忍受一切壓迫，簡愛卻無法接受海倫的信條，評論道：“我聽著她的話，心里覺得很奇怪。我沒法理解這套關于忍耐的說教。她對欺辱她的 人表示寬容，這讓我更無法理解，也無法產生同感。”[4] 對于海倫時常勸說自己不要情感用事，要忍受命中注定必須 忍受的東西，簡愛還自白道： “我沉默了。是海倫讓我沉默了下來。但是在她向我傳播 的這種寧靜之中卻摻雜著一種無法表達的悲哀。”[5]由此可見，簡愛的女性主義意識雖然在坦普爾小姐和海倫的撫慰下暫時沉默了，可是她對自我、幸福、尊嚴、獨立的熱愛并未改變，坦普爾小姐走了以后，她對這所萬惡的學校已經沒有了任何留戀，毅然決然的踏上未知的旅途。曾經在坦普爾小姐和海倫身上感受到的愛，使她變得更加堅強，也使她更加自信的去尋找愛，感受愛，她的女性主義意識也隨著這一系列的事件而不斷發展，不斷豐富。

（三）快樂自由的教書時期

19世紀出版的雜志《季度評論》的定義，家庭女教師就是“在出身、禮節和教育上和我們平等，但在財富上低于我們——為了很好的履行其職責，在他們的出身、思想和儀態上必須有很高的要求”。由此可知，維多利亞時代的家庭女教師只在財富上比不上別人，然而，恰恰是財富的貧乏，讓她們在進入雇主的家庭后，往往處于一種介于主人和奴仆之間的被動位置。簡愛雖然是一名家庭教師，但她卻能在尷尬的處境中掌握主動權，在雇主家里，她不僅獲得了友情，也體驗到愛情，渡過了她不曾有過的快樂自由時光。

馬克思認為: “人與人之間的直接的、自然的、必然的關系是男女間的關系。愛情從根本上說是兩性結合的最高形式。”女性要在精神上爭取解放與新生, 就一定要先從對愛的婚姻的追求和使無愛的婚姻告終起步。簡愛在與羅切斯特的交往中，漸漸被其真摯、平等待人的態度打動，而羅切斯特也為簡愛外柔內剛，超凡脫俗的氣質所吸引，他表示 ：“對那些僅以容貌取悅我的女人, 當我發現她們既沒有靈魂也沒有真情實意時, 當她們向我展示出平庸、淺薄, 也許還有愚蠢、粗俗、暴躁時, 我的確是個惡魔, 然而面對清澈的目光, 雄辯的口才, 如火的心靈, 柔中有剛的性格, 我卻永遠是溫厚、忠誠的。”[6]相互愛慕讓他們摒棄了身份的差距走向了婚姻的殿堂，然而羅切斯特有妻子的真相被揭發，簡愛毅然選擇離開了他，她憤然地對羅切斯特說“你認為我窮、低賤、不漂亮、矮小,我就沒湖南工業大學漢語言文學專業學年論文

有靈魂嗎? 你想錯了!我的靈魂也跟你一樣, 心也跟你一樣健全!我們正平等地站在上帝的腳下，我們本來就是平等的!”[7]不顧身份和相愛的人結婚，因為欺騙而選擇離開，不委曲求全，在這場戀愛中她始終保持清醒。

被圣約翰兄妹收留后, 圣約翰向她求婚。簡愛拒絕了他。她對圣約翰說: “我鄙視你的愛情觀念, 我瞧不起你奉獻的這種不真實的感情。”簡愛不接受無愛的婚姻，是她思想高度的體現。

離開和拒絕，簡愛都發揮著選擇權，這種獨立選擇的行為正是她女性意識的體現。

(四）繼承人的選擇

在簡愛與羅徹斯特戀愛時，她向羅徹斯特表示不要任何財物, “我只求心里平靜, 先生, 而不要被太多的恩惠壓碎。”[7]而簡·愛的內心卻真的一直希望能有一些屬于自己的財產, “假如我有那么一點點獨立的可能”, “也的確是一種安慰。”[8]當她獲得叔叔的遺產時，她的幻想實現了，她成為一個有經濟支配權的女繼承人，而這時的羅徹斯特被大火燒成了殘疾，孤身一人。她毅然選擇回到羅徹斯特身邊與他攜手到老。她雖然追求經濟上的獨立自主, 但沒有把獲取金錢作為唯一目標，只是因為她明白這是女性做“自由人”維護人的一切權力的尊嚴的基礎而不是全部。女性追求經濟獨立是一種進步，追求有愛的婚姻更是一種精神上升華。

三 總結

維多利亞時代的英國婦女是沒有什么權利的，簡·愛是 一個有膽量的婦女的代表，她敢于反抗命運，她是一個具有 強烈個人反叛性格的小資產階級婦女的代表，于她而言，男權主義、刻薄的規矩教條、上流社會的傲慢與階級的歧視等都令她感到厭惡與憤怒。作為一個地位卑微的女教師，在貴族階級面前她沒有屈服，沒有忍氣吞聲，而是勇敢的遵從自己的心意，向虛偽的貴族階級挑戰，她的女性主義意識在那一刻讓人炫目，最終的勝利是不言而喻的。簡愛雖然貧窮，雖然總是身陷逆境，但是她敢于向一切不平等作斗爭，能夠自立自強，自尊自愛，追求平等自由，追求人格獨立。而其作為獨立女性的經典代表，爭取平等、努力進 取的精神，自尊自立的人格，影響了一代又一代人。

參考文獻

[1]（英）夏洛蒂?勃朗特.簡?愛［M］.賈文淵，譯.太原：北岳文藝出 版社，2002：5.[2]（英）夏洛蒂?勃朗特.簡?愛［M］.賈文淵，譯.太原：北岳文藝出 版社，2002：9-10.[3]（英）夏洛蒂?勃朗特.簡?愛［M］.賈文淵，譯.太原：北岳文藝出 版社，2002：52.[4]（英）夏洛蒂?勃朗特.簡?愛［M］.賈文淵，譯.太原：北岳文藝出 版社，2002：53.[5]（英）夏洛蒂?勃朗特.簡?愛［M］.賈文淵，譯.太原：北岳文藝出 版社，2002：68.[6]（英）夏洛蒂?勃朗特.簡?愛［M］.賈文淵，譯.太原：北岳文藝出 版社，2002：82-83.[7]（英）夏洛蒂?勃朗特.簡?愛［M］.賈文淵，譯.太原：北岳文藝出 版社，2002：269.[8]（英）夏洛蒂?勃朗特.簡?愛［M］.賈文淵，譯.太原：北岳文藝出 版社，2002：271.湖南工業大學漢語言文學專業學年論文