第一篇：高中英語歸納概括主題閱讀專項練習(xí)

Reading Training Course 1

歸納概括主題(Title and Main Idea)

歸納概括中心主旨的題目是高考必考題目，考查考生通過閱讀理解, 總結(jié)歸納，找出文章中心意思的能力。

要做好這類題考生必須區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息；既看到樹木, 更看到森林；要跳出一詞一句，而俯瞰全文；要通讀全文，通篇理解。

找出主題句(topic sentence)是一個有用的方法。

中心意思(main idea)通常是一個完整的句子，它應(yīng)能全面準(zhǔn)確地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳題目(the best title)可以是一個短語詞組，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，還有吸引讀者，引發(fā)閱讀興趣的任務(wù)。

除常見的提問以外，這種題型的提問方式還有：

The main point of the passage is...The passage deals mainly with...The passage is about...What does the passage mainly discuss? What is the author's main purpose ? Paragraph 1

Wouldn't it be terrible if, we didn't have grass? We would have to walk on bare soil.Can you guess what our playgrounds would look like? On a rainy day we would get all muddy.On a dry day we would breathe clouds of dust.1.The story mainly tells _________.A.why we need rain B.how grass is kept green C.how grass helps us D.without grass we would have to walk on bare soil

Paragraph 2

Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago.They still spread disease and eat crops.Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats.They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.2.From the passage we know _________.A.why rats are an enemy of people B.how rats destroy our food C.why rats cause disease D.why rats were dangerous to people long ago

Paragraph 3

Some supermarkets have a special way of getting people to come to the bakery counters.Sometimes they spray a “cake smell” into the air.At other times they spray the fresh smell of baking bread.These smells are enough to make people' s mouths water.The customers then race madly to the counter to buy cake, bread, rolls , and other baked goods!3.The main idea of the paragraph is __________.A.what cake smells like B.why bakeries make money C.how people are attracted to bakery counters D.what bakery counters in supermarkets sell

Paragraph 4

The Manhattan(New York City)telephone book is one of the largest of its kind in the nation.About 1,500, 000 copies of this book are printed each-year.To make the paper of the books, 43, 000 trees are cut down.There are twenty-six columns of Smiths and twenty-three of Browns.If all the copies of this book were stacked on top of each other, they would make a pile forty miles high.4.The subject of the paragraph is _________.A.what the Manhattan phone book is like B.where the Manhattan book is printed C.how many telephones are there in New York D.who printed the first phone book

Paragraph 5 The word Waterloo has become a synonym for defeat-total defeat and complete disaster.Waterloo, a town in Belgium, was the scene of a battle in 1851 that brought overwhelming defeat to Napoleon Bonaparte ' s French Army.At stake were the whole continent of Europe and Napoleon' s dream of an empire.In a few days over forty thousand French soldiers died.With their deaths a new word for disaster was born — Waterloo.5.The subject of the paragraph is __________.A.where Waterloo is B.who named Waterloo C.why Napoleon and the French Army were defeated at Waterloo D.how the word Waterloo came to mean defeat

Paragraph 1

What are the tallest plants in the world? Many people would say that giant redwood trees of California.Actually, the tallest plants are in the oceans.These are seaweeds that grow almost seven hundred feet tall.Compared to this height, the giant redwoods are pygmies of only four hundred feet.To get some idea of these heights, consider the Statue of Liberty.This huge figure rises only three hundred feet.1.The passage can be entitled __________.A.Redwoods in California B.The Statue of Liberty

C.Seaweed

D.The Tallest Plants

Paragraph 2 We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster.To many of nature' s animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans.When settlers came from the East to America' s great western plains, they killed millions of bison, poisoned the prairie dogs, and shot the coyotes.All this upset the area's balance of nature.For the animals, it was worse than a flood or earthquake.2.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A.Nature Balance Itself

B.Floods and Earthquakes C.American Settlers

D.Humans--a Disaster to Nature

Paragraph 3 At this time the state of South Carolina was having hard times.Year after year the soil had been planted to the same crop.It was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves, and the planters knew little about soil conservation.Because the soil was beginning to wear out, crops were smaller.The younger people were not satisfied to raise cotton on the poor soil of the old South.Many of them moved westward and started cotton plantations(種植園)in Alabama and Mississippi.What was more, so much cotton had been shipped to factories in England and New England that they had as much cotton as they could use.This brought the price of cotton down.More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantations, and higher and higher prices were demanded for them.Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced.Hard times had come to South Carolina.3.The subject of this passage is __________.A.economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)difficulties of South Carolina B.that the planters knew nothing about farming C.that the soil in South Carolina was not good D.the causes of hard times in South Carolina 4.Which of the following sentences can summarize(概括)the main idea of the passage? A.Hard times had come to South Carolina.B.Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced.C.The soil was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves.D.More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantations.Paragraph 4

When a piece of paper burns, it is completely changed.The ash that is left behind does not look like the original piece of paper.When dull-red rust appears on a piece of tinware(錫制品), it is quite different from the gleaming tin.The tarnish that forms on silverware is a new substance unlike the silver itself.Animal tissue(組織)is unlike the vegetable substance from which it is made.A change in which the original substance is turned into a different substance is called a chemical change.5.The author writes this passage to tell us _________.A.how paper burns

B.that dull-red on tinware is unlike tin itself C.that animal tissue is different from plant's

D.what a chemical change is Paragraph 1

One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease.The wartime use of penicillin saved thousands of lives.In the First World War, for example, pneumonia was responsible for eighteen percent of all the deaths in the United States army.In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than one percent.In addition, penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected.1.which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A.A Dangerous Weapon

B.Guns in the Second World War C.A Terrible Pneumonia

D.An Important Drug

Paragraph 2 Mr.Brown, a shopkeeper, was going to count the day' s cash takings.There was more than ￡300 in notes.He was about to put them in a bag.He heard a sound.A door at the back of the room was opening.A voice shouted “Don't shout.Don't look round.I have a gun.” Mr.Brown stood still.The voice went on, “Drop that bag and the notes.Go and stand in the corner beside the safe.Keep quite still.Remember, I have a gun.” Mr.Brown was frightened.He obeyed all the robber' s orders.The robber picked up the notes and was about to go out by the door at the back of the room.It was a quarter past six.John Taylor arrived outside that very same back door.He raised his hand and was about to knock.At that very moment the robber opened the door.He was frightened to see John there.He lost his head.He became panic-stricken.He tried to push his way past John.But John was suspicious.He blocked the robber' s way.There was a fight.Mr.Brown heard the fight.He forgot his fear, turned round and rushed from his corner.He threw both his arms round the robber.This pinned the robber' s arms to his sides so he could not use his gun.At the same moment John struck the robber hard in the stomach and knocked all the breath out of his body.The robber fell to the ground in a pile.He still held the notes but his gun fell on the floor and John quickly picked it up.All was now over.Soon the police arrived 2.The main idea of this passage is _________.A.a robber robbed a shop

B.Mr.Brown and Mr.Taylor fought against a robber C.None but the brave can win victory

D.John Taylor was a brave man

Paragraph 3 Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its bloodstream.Although the cat doesn't realize this, its body is getting ready for action.If the danger continues, the animal will do one of two things.It will defend itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.Something like this also happens to people.When we are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions(feelings), our bodies go through many physical changes.Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense.All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react.We, too, get ready to defend ourselves or run.Human beings, however, have a problem that animals never face.If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble.Have you ever said something in anger—or hit somebody—and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told somebody you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn't always wise to express your feelings freely.Does this mean that it's smarter always to hide our feelings? No!If you keep feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays tense.Physical illness can develop, and you can feel churned up inside.It can actually be bad for your health.(It isn't good to keep pleasant feelings inside either;all feelings need to be expressed.)Feeling that you keep all bottled up inside, don't just go away.It's as if bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard.You might not be able to see them, but before long you'd smell them, if you opened the cupboard, chances are you'd see little fruit flies hovering all over them.They'd be rotten.You can try to treat emotions as if they were bananas in the cupboard.You can hide them and you can pretend they don't exist, but they'll still be around.And at last you'll have to deal with them, just like those bananas.3.The best title for this article is __________.A.Emotions Affect Our Bodies B.What Happens to A Frightened Cat C.What Happens to An Excited Person D.Feelings That People Have

4.The author wrote this article in order to __________.A.tell us that it isn't good to keep feelings inside B.give us some advice on how to express our feelings C.make us face the problem that we have to deal with feelings D.make us know that it isn't always wise to express our feelings freely

Paragraph 4

It is possible to do many simple tricks with numbers.Here is one trick.It has several separate steps.First, write down your house number.For example, if your address is 73 Lemon Street, you would write down 73.After you write down your house address, next double it.Then add five to this doubled number.For example, if your address was 73 and you doubled it, you would get 146.Then, if you added five, you'd get 151.Then multiply this number by 50.In our example here, you'll get 7550.The next step is to add your age to this total.For example, if you're 26 years old, you should add 26 to this total.In our example here, the result would be 7576.After that you have to add the number of days in a year, which is 365.In our example here, 365 added to 7576 is 7941.The final step is this: Subtract 615 from the number that you have.Take away 615 from the total, In our example, 7941 minus 615 is 7326.The result hereis the trick.The first part of the number is the address and the last part of the number is the age of the person.That is, 73 is the address that we started with, and 26 is the age that we used.5.The best title of the passage is __________.A.The number tricks

B.A trick with numbers C.An interesting problem

D.How to work out a difficult trick Passage 1

An Australian wildlife park attendant survived a crocodile attack after her father jumped on the huge crocodile's back and dugout its eyes as the horrified tourists looked on.Karla Bredl, 21, was in a fairly good condition in good care in hospital with a broken bone, a broken leg and some injuries after the attack.The 4.5-metre crocodile caught Karla Bredl around the leg and then the waist when she fell during a crocodile feeding show for tourists.Karla's father seized a long-handled tool and beat the crocodile about the head to force it to let go of her, but the tool was doing nothing.So he jumped on its back and stuck his fingers in its eyes and the crocodile let go of her.1.The best title of the passage is _________.A.The Hateful Crocodile B.Father Saved Daughter's Life C.A Terrible Accident D.The Dangerous Place

Passage 2 Trees should only be pruned(剪除)when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small.Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage result from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size.The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape.Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier.You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds.The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal(治愈).Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk.It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible.It is essential(基本的)to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness.You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose.Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed.If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.2.What was the writer's purpose when writing this passage? A.To give practical instructions for pruning a tree B.To give a general description of pruning C.To explain how trees develop diseases D.To discuss different methods of pruning

Passage 3 Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last.And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown.Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose— schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication.You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee.There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note form.But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers.We are constantly called on to put words to paper.It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous.What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that this writing will be read.We want to arouse(引起)and hold the interest of the readers.We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some “ letters-to-be-read” file(檔案)or into a wastepaper basket.This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practising the skills of interesting, effective writing.3.According to the author, if your letter is thrown into some “l(fā)etters-to-be-read” file, __________.A.it will receive immediate attention B.it will be dealt with by the secretary C.it is likely to be neglected(忽略)D.it is meant to be delivered 4.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is __________.A.to explain and persuade B.to comment and criticize C.to interest and entertain(娛樂)D.to argue and demonstrate(論證)

Passage 4

Million of people pass through the gates of Disney's entertainment parks in California, Florida and Japan each year.What makes these places an almost universal attraction? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney Parks? Well, one reason is the way they're treated once they get there.The people at Disney go out of their way to serve their “guests, as they prefer to call them, and to see that they enjoy themselves.” All new employees, from vice presidents to part-time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking “Traditions I.' Here, they learn about the company's history, how it is managed and why it is successful.They are shown how each department relates to the whole.All employees are shown how their part is important in making the park a success.After passing ”Traditions I,“ the employees go on to more specialized training for their specific(具體的)jobs.No detail is missed.A simple job like taking tickets requires four eight-hour days of training.When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for such a simple, ordinary job, he replied, ”What happens if someone wants to know where the restrooms are, when the parade starts or what bus to take back to the campgrounds?......We need to know the answers or where to get them quickly.Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.“ Even Disney's managers get involved in the daily management of the park.Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes.For a full week, the bosses sell hot dogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail(單軌車)and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the entertainment park come alive.The managers agree that this week helps them to see the company's goals more clearly.All these efforts to serve the public well have made Walt Disney Productions famous.Disney is considered by many as the best mass service provider in America or the world.As one long-time business observer once said, ”How Disney treats people, communicates with them, rewards them, is in my view the very reason for his fifty years of success......I have watched, very carefully and with great respect and admiration, the theory and practice of selling satisfaction and serving millions of people on a daily basis, successfully.It is what Disney does best.“ 5.This passage is mainly about __________.A.how Disney employees are trained B.the history and traditions of the Disney enterprises C.why Disney enterprises make a lot of money D.the importance Disney places on serving people well

NMET 98 A Today, roller skating is easy and fun.But a long time ago, it wasn't easy at all.Before 1750, the idea of skating didn't exist.That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin.Merlin's work was making musical instruments.In his spare time he liked to play the violin.Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams.People called him a dreamer.One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball(化裝舞會).He was very pleased and a little excited.As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party.He had an idea.He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll.Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe.These were the first roller skates.Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin.Everyone was astonished to see him.There was just one problem.Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates.He rolled on and on.Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall.Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces.Nobody forgot Merlin's grand entrance for a long time!1.The text is mainly about __________.A.a strange man B.an unusual party C.how roller skating began D.how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century

2..People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he __________.A.often gave others surprises B.was a gifted musician C.invented the roller skates D.was full of imagination

3.Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to ___________.A.impress the party guests B.arrive at the party sooner C.test his invention D.show his skill in walking on wheels

4.What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? A.The roller skates needed further improvement.B.The party guests took Merlin for a fool.C.Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.D.Merlin got himself into trouble.NMET 98 B

'As I stood in front of the grave(墓)of President Richard Nixon, I was thinking about the time 25 years ago when this president helped bring the United States and China closer together.Young people of our two countries should help this relationship grow.'

This remark was made by a Shanghai student when speaking to his fellow students at the Nixon Library in California, U.S.A.He was one of 80 middle school students from China attending a month-long 'Youth Summit? The Summit was to mark the 25th anniversary(周年)of President Nixon's journey to China, which was the turning point in China-U.S.relations.The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions.Seventy-five American students were selected to visit China.They also visited the Nixon Library on July 21 before leaving for Beijing the next day.The head of the Library said he was pleased to see the American and Chinese students talking and laughing together.One Chinese student said, 'I didn't find it particularly difficult to talk with Americans.We have our differences, but we have a lot in common.Dialogue is good for us.'

1.The words 'Youth Summit' refer to __________.A.visits to the Nixon Library B.the Chinese students' visit to the U.S.C.a meeting discussing relations between China and the U.S.D.activities to strengthen the ties between the Chinese and American students

2.The student from Shanghai thought about the time 25 years ago because it was when Nixon __________.A.died B.visited China C.became U.S.president D.started building the library in his name 3.The text is mainly about __________.A.the China-U.S.relations B.the Nixon Library C.President Nixon D.the Youth Summit

NMET 2001 C

Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted.Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment(環(huán)境)friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.However, today, more and more consumers are choosing ”green“ and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment.Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these: ”Will this shampoo damage the environment?“ ”Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once?“ A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it.This means that companies must now change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are ”green,“ that is, friendly to the environment.Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds.Some supermarket products carry labels(標(biāo)簽)to show that the product is green.Some companies have made the manufacturing(生產(chǎn))of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business.No longer will the public accept the old attitude of ”Buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it.“ The public pressure is on, and gradually business is cleaning up its act.1.It becomes clear from the text that the driving force(動力)behind green products is __________.A.public caring for the environment B.companies' desire for bigger sales C.new ways of doing business D.rapid growth of supermarkets

2.What would be the best title for the text? A.Business and People B.Business Goes Green C.Shopping Habits Are Changing D.Supermarkets and Green Products

3.The underlined word ”it“ in the fourth paragraph refers to __________.A.a selling point B.the company name C.a great demand for health foods D.the manufacturing of green products

Correct answers: 1—3 ABD 本篇短文的中心主旨表達(dá)得很充分很明顯，尤其是最后一段：民眾環(huán)保意識的提高，消費習(xí)慣的改變，促使廠商開發(fā)生產(chǎn)環(huán)保產(chǎn)品，促使廠商規(guī)范生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營行為使之符合環(huán)保要求。第二題（最佳題目）的A, D離題較遠(yuǎn)，應(yīng)首先排除。選項C, 涉及部分原因的內(nèi)容（消費習(xí)慣的改變），但沒包括有關(guān)結(jié)果的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)視為概括不全面。

選項B, 表達(dá)了這樣的一個趨勢：廠商的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營行為越來越符合環(huán)保要求。這個結(jié)果和趨勢（以及產(chǎn)生原因），正是作者要闡述的主要內(nèi)容。選項B較好地概括了全文。

Passage 8

I've worked all my life.I've done men's jobs.I've done everything.I've used screw drivers, electric drills, and punch presses.I really know what it means to do man's work.What gets me is, you work all your life like a dog.You pay your taxes into these government programs.But still, when you need help, the people that are paid to help you, they act like it's coming out of their own pockets.My husband George had a stroke not long ago.I've always worked all my life and I never had to do this before, but when George had the stroke I knew I needed some help.I had to quit my job to take care of him.So I went down to the welfare and told them I needed help.We were living with my son at the time.The welfare people said that since we were staying there.he had to take care of us.If we wanted help, we'd have to move out.The trouble was we didn't have anything at all.and George was in the hospital.When I knew I needed some help, I went up here to this place called Hub Center where they've supposed to help people.Well.I told this young kid that was working there that we were starving and didn't have the money to pay our rent or buy our medicine.Well.he started writing something down on a slip of paper, and he wrote for the longest time.Then he gave it to me and said.”Take this paper to 163l Vine Street and they'll give you a sandwich.I said, “Thanks for nothing.kid.” I never was so embarrassed in all my life.I thought, well, I know I have to be going crazy.I just have to be, this just can't be happening.1.The best title for the passage would be __________.A.I Really Know Man's Work.B.Applying(申請)for Welfare.C.Where Are They When You Need Them? D.Where Do Our Taxes Go?

Correct answers:

C 本篇是描述了一位妻子在丈夫病后辭去工作，申請福利救濟(jì)的過程(Applying for welfare)。但若以此項(Applying for Welfare)為最佳題目，則不能概括申請手續(xù)煩瑣，主人公到處碰壁的內(nèi)容；且容易讓讀者以為將讀一篇申請福利救濟(jì)的指南性文章。

選項C雖說文字較多，又是一個問句，但它確實表達(dá)了主人公在這種情況下發(fā)自內(nèi)心的無奈的求助的呼喊，能吸引讀者，是本題的答案。

Passage 9

Money spent on advertising is money spent as swell as any I know of.It serves directly to bring about a rapid sale of goods at reasonable prices, so setting up a firm home market and making it possible to provide for export at good prices.By drawing attention to new ideas it helps greatly to raise standards of living.By helping to increase demand it causes an increased need for labor, and is therefore a nice way to fight unemployment.It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisement your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, your price of television program would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or subway would cost more.And perhaps the most important of all, advertising provides a promise of reasonable value in the products and services you buy.Besides the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising.He will not do so for long, for the public has the good sense not to but the poor goods more than once.If you see the product frequently advertised, it is the proof I know that the product does what it promised for it, and that it has good value.Advertising does more for the good of the public than other force I can think of.There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on.Recently I heard a well-known television person declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs.He was telling us the real difference.Of course advertising tries to persuade.If its message were nothing but information, that would be difficult to get more people to buy, for even the choice of the color of a shirt is a bit persuasive--advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.But perhaps that is what the well-known television person wants.1.By the first sentence of the passage the writer means that __________.A.he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising B.everybody knows well that advertising is a waste of money C.advertising costs more money than anything else D.money spent on advertising is worth spending

2.In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising? A.Getting greater fame.B.Providing more jobs.C.Raising living standards.D.reducing newspaper costs.3.The writer thinks that the well-known TV person is __________.A.quite right in passing his judgement on advertising B.interested in nothing but the buyer's attention C.correct in telling the difference between persuasion and informing D.obviously unfair in his views on advertising.4.In the writer's opinion, __________.A.advertising can seldom bring material interest to man by providing information B.advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over C.there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer D.the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

Correct answers: DADC 本篇閱讀訓(xùn)練共四道題，其中有三道題涉及到作者的基本觀點和立場，若能在閱讀中正確理解和把握作者的基本觀點和立場，題目便能做對，若不能，則四道題全錯。在一次練習(xí)中，一個班有十四人沒有作對一道題。

本篇文章篇幅較長，有些生詞和不熟悉的表達(dá)法，第一遍閱讀時，考生容易陷在詞句中，茫然不知作者所云。此時若動筆答題，非出錯不可。此時應(yīng)當(dāng)跳出詞句，以段落為單位回顧一下全文，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)：

第一段：作者介紹廣告的優(yōu)點用途。第二段：廣告業(yè)有正規(guī)管理，虛假廣告不會長久。第三段：反駁一個著名電視人的不利于廣告的言論。

作者的態(tài)度與立場已清晰可辯：支持廣告業(yè)。一旦有了這一認(rèn)識，四道題迎刃而解。提示：

考生既要看到樹木, 更要看到森林；要跳出一詞一句，而俯瞰全文；要通讀全文，通篇理解。此篇雖未考察中心意思，或最佳題目，但同樣考察對全文主旨大意的理解和把握。

Passage 10 The old conditions of travel and the new conditions of most travel of today are exactly opposite.For in old travel, as on horseback or on foot, you saw the country while you travelled.Many of your stopping places were for rest, or because night had fallen, and you could see nothing at night.Under the old system, therefore, a wise traveller might keep moving from day to day, slowly, indeed, but seeing something all the time, and learning what the country was through which he passed by talk with the people.But in the new system, he is shut up with his party and a good many other parties in a tight bus with glass windows, and whirled on through dust if it is dusty, or if it is rainy, under arrangements which make it impossible to talk with the people of the country, and almost impossible to see what that country is.1.The old conditions of travel are __________ the new ones.A.the same as B.exactly the same as C.very different from D.exactly different from

2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A.In the past people travelled on horseback.B.In the past people made trips from day to day slowly.C.In the past some wise travellers could make their trips even at night.D.In the past people usually travelled slowly so that they could enjoy what they saw.3.In the past travellers __________.A.could learn more than those of today during their trips B.might continue their trips from night to night C.could talk with the people and learn something about the country D.could stop and take a rest when it became dark 4.In this passage the author suggests that __________.A.now people go on trips in train, buses or planes B.people on trips are not allowed to talk C.people on trips are often caught in the rain D.people on trips are often very dirty

5.The best title for this passage is __________.A.The Disadvantages of Travelling Today B.Comparison(比較)of Travelling in the Past With That of Today C.Contrast(對照)Between Travellings in the Past and Today D.The Advantages of Travelling in the Past

Correct answers: DCCAD 作者在對比兩種條件（現(xiàn)在和過去）下的旅行時，分別是這樣描述的：

過去：seeing something all the time, and learning what the country was through which he passed by talk with the people 現(xiàn)在：he is shut up...in a tight bus with glass windows, and whirled on through dust if it is dusty, or if it is rainy, under arrangements which make it impossible to talk with the people of the country, and almost impossible to see what that country is.作者的基本態(tài)度傾向已經(jīng)躍然紙上，褒貶分明。而不是中立地對照，比較。

Passage 11

Though your parents probably meant to have your name last a lifetime, remember that when they picked it they'd hardly met you, and the hopes and dreams they cared for when they chose it may not match yours.If your name no longer seems to fit you, don't lose heart.Film stars change their names, and with some determination, you can, too.If you wish to pick up a new name, you don't need to make the change official.Under common law, all that is necessary is to start using the name of your choice.Remember, though, that you must use it everywhere---even with your mother---for it to become your legal name.Getting friends and fellow workers to call you Leach instead of Lola may be harder than any paperwork involved, but you'll probably meet official resistance, too.Be sure that no law prevents you from using the name you have chosen, unless you use it for the purpose of cheating.If the gas company tells you that you cannot get your bill under a new name, they are wrong.You don't have to show them any sort of court document.You have a right to be called by whatever name you choose.By this time, you've probably realized that changing your name is more difficult than replacing your furniture of changing your hair color, though the effect can be unusually encouraging.Don't care too much if you have to keep reminding others of your change of a new name---keep on, and your friends and lover will accept your new name.Good luck!

1.You may wish to change your mane because __________.A.you are required to do so.B.you don't mean to have your name last a lifetime.C.you like to follow what film stars often do.D.you may not like your parents' choice.2.If you wish to start using the name of your own choice, you __________.A.must get your friends to call your new name B.don't have to get permission from anybody.C.must use it with your mother first.D.need to be approved by the court.3.No law keeps you from using whatever name you have chosen, if only ___________.A.you pick up a new name not for purpose of wrong-doing.B.you can get your fellow workers to call you the new name.C.the gas company agrees to get your bill under your new name.D.some sort of court document is given to you.4.You may realize that changing your name __________.A.usually has good effect.B.is actually asking for trouble.C.is not as easy as rearranging your room.D.means you have to go through some troubles.5.The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is to __________.A.show you the need of changing your name.B.encourage you if you want to change your name.C.tell you how easy it is to change one's name.D.list all the difficulties in changing one's name.Correct answers: DBADB 要準(zhǔn)確把握全文的主旨大意，才能作對題2和題5。

本文的中心涉及作者對更改姓名一事的看法和態(tài)度。通讀短文后，你應(yīng)當(dāng)有個基本印象。若你再注意到以下文字，你就更有把握了：

If your name no longer seems to fit you, don't lose heart.Film stars change their names, and with some determination, you can, too.Don't care too much if you have to keep reminding others of your change of a new name---keep on, and your friends and lover will accept your new name.Good luck!

作者寫本文的目的是鼓勵那些想改名的人（encourage you if you want to change your name），告訴這些人目前沒有法律限制（you don't need to make the change official.Under common law, all that is necessary is to start using the name of your choice./ You don't have to show them any sort of court document.You have a right to be called by whatever name you choose.）提醒這些人克服可能遇到的困難（By this time, you've probably realized that changing your name is more difficult than replacing your furniture of changing your hair color, though the effect can be unusually encouraging.）

因此題2的答案是B, 題5的答案是B，題4的答案是D。

題4的選項C（that changing your name is not as easy as rearranging your room）的說法與原文有出入：原文是 rearranging your furniture；且“沒有那末容易（is not as easy as...）”的另外說法是“跟它一樣難，或比它還難，而原文的說法是“比...還難”。

本文選自2002年東城區(qū)高三英語期末試卷（2002.1)

Passage 12

The old idea that child prodigies(神童)“burn themselves” or “overtax their brains” in the early years, therefore, are prey to failure and(at worst)mental illness is just a myth.As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright children is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.To find this out, 1,500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifty year with these results: On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they did as children.They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally.Eighty-four percent of their group were married and seemed content with their life.About 70percent had graduated from colleges, though only 30 percent had graduated with honors.A few had even flunked out(退學(xué)), but nearly half of these had returned to graduate.Of the men, 80 percent were in one of the professions or in business, managers or semi-professional jobs.The women who had remained single had offices, business, or professional occupations.The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents(專利).In a material way they didn't do badly either.Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth when last surveyed.In fact, far from being strange, maladjusted(難以適應(yīng))people locked in an ivory tower, most of the gifted were turning their early promises into practical reality.窗體頂端

1.The main idea of the passage is __________.A.how many gifted children turned successful when they grew up.B.that bright children were unlikely to be physically and mentally healthy.C.that gifted children were most likely to become bright grown-ups.D.that when the bright children grew up, they would become ordinary.2.From the passage, we can conclude that __________.A.most of the gifted children became white collars.B.half of the gifted followed up graduated from colleges.C.each of the talented published at least one article.D.bright men got higher income than bright women.3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? A.The gifted could not be fit for their social positions.B.Most of the bright and successful women kept single.C.The gifted men got full marks in intelligence tests.D.Most of the gifted appeared satisfied with their life.4.The explanation of the underlined “turning their early promises into practical reality” is __________.A.earning their living and keeping promises.B.doing practical jobs and facing reality.C.doing what they have promised.D.realizing what they were expected.Correct answers: CADD 本篇題1是考查對文章的中心主旨的理解，而由于生詞和不熟悉的表達(dá)法，匆匆一讀是很難把握中心意思的。

其實作者在文章的開頭已表明了自己的觀點和看法。他說：神童過早消耗精力（burn themselves），大腦負(fù)擔(dān)過重（overtax their brains），深受失敗和精神疾病之苦（therefore, are prey to failure and mental illness），是以往的一種看法。作者認(rèn)為這種看法是虛構(gòu)和荒誕的（The old idea is just a myth）。作者進(jìn)一步說：這些神童很有可能成長為智慧過人，前途光明的成年人。

進(jìn)而，作者以一項跟蹤調(diào)查的結(jié)果為依據(jù)，說明這1500個神童成人后的健康情況和對生活的滿意度，他們后來受教育的程度，他們從事的工作性質(zhì)，他們的學(xué)術(shù)成就，他們的物質(zhì)生活和收入水平都等同于或高于常人。

最后的結(jié)論是：這些神童成人后根本不是那種關(guān)在象牙塔里的不合群的怪人（far from being strange, maladjusted people locked in an ivory tower），他們的大多數(shù)人正在實現(xiàn)自己早年的夢想。這樣一來,本文的中心主旨就清楚了，題1的答案是C(that gifted children were most likely to become bright grown-ups)。

本篇選自2002年海淀區(qū)高三英語期末試卷（2002/01）

Passage 13

For years and years people have been saying that the railways are dead.“We can do without railways.” People say...as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary.We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, that they're dying.But this is far from the truth: In these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive(有競爭力的)with motorcars and planes.If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they are cheaper than planes.And they have much in common with planes.A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway.What is more, it takes you form the heart of a city into the heart of another.It doesn't leave you up as a plane does, miles and miles from the city centre.It doesn't hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train can carry goods which a plane or motorcar could never do.Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive.Modern railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey.Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are travelling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning.For we have just entered the age of super-fast trains(超級高速列車), trains travelling at 150 miles an hour and more.Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can't use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can't fly for the same reason.1.Some people think the railways are unnecessary for many reasons except that __________.A.planes and motorcars have taken the place of trains.B.oil is expensive today.C.trains are slow.D.railways lose money.2.The writer's idea seems to be that __________.A.we can do without railways.B.trains have much in common with motorcars and planes.C.motorcars and planes are not as good as trains.D.trains are as good as motorcars and planes.3.According to the writer, which of the following is NOT true? A.It is cheaper to travel by train than by plane.B.The railway's station is usually at the centre of a city.C.When you get off the plane you will find yourself right in the city centre.D.No motorcar of plane can carry as many goods as a train does.4.The writer thinks that the railways, far from being dead, are very much alive because __________.A.we can have a smooth and untroubled journey.B.we'll not have enough money to fly in planes.C.we can now travel in super fast train.D.all of the above.5.The best title for this passage may be “__________”.A.Not the End But the Beginning B.Which is the Best: Train, Motorcar or Plane C.Trains are More Competitive than Motorcars or Planes D.Oh, Super-fast Trains

Correct answers: BDCDA

本文作者的觀點鮮明，態(tài)度明確，即火車和鐵路運輸非但沒有走到窮途末路，反而有著光明的前途。同學(xué)們一般都能很快地讀懂這一點。

但本文對判斷把握文章的中心主旨這一能力提出了更高的要求：準(zhǔn)確，不夸大，不縮小。

比如，題2，在閱讀練習(xí)中許多同學(xué)認(rèn)為正確答案是 C，即 The writer's idea seems to be that motorcars and planes are not as good as trains.粗略一看，這與本文的中心主旨是一致的，即為火車和鐵路辯護(hù)。再比如題5，許多同學(xué)認(rèn)為正確答案是 C，認(rèn)為本文的最佳題目是 Trains are More Competitive than Motorcars or Planes，這個題目是在為火車和鐵路說話。但是作者在論述這個問題時是非常客觀和實事求是的，而沒有夸大其詞。在第一段，作者提及火車鐵路優(yōu)于飛機(jī)汽車的幾個方面，但仍用了這樣的句子來概括：And they(railways)have much in common with planes.顯然作者把兩方面看成平起平坐，各有千秋，并沒有抬高火車鐵路，打壓飛機(jī)汽車。而我們知道火車鐵路飛機(jī)汽車各有所長，互相補(bǔ)充，構(gòu)成完整的交通運輸系統(tǒng)。

作者在展望將來時才用了委婉的說法提及了火車鐵路超越飛機(jī)汽車的可能性：Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can't use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can't fly for the same reason.因此，題2的正確答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是 D, trains are as good as motorcars and planes.即：目前是平起平坐，各有千秋。這個表述符合實際情況，與作者的論述分寸一致。而 C 則夸大了火車和鐵路的優(yōu)勢。

題5的正確答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是 A，Not the End But the Beginning。這個題目不僅很好地概括了“火車和鐵路運輸非但沒有走到窮途末路，反而有著光明的前途”這一主題，與文章內(nèi)的句子呼應(yīng)：Far from being dead, the railways..., And we are only at the beginning；而且簡潔明快，有文學(xué)味道，能起到引起讀者注意，激發(fā)閱讀興趣的作用。而C選項除過于直白外，主要是它不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者原意，夸大了火車和鐵路的優(yōu)勢，所以不能作為本文的題目。

總之，細(xì)心閱讀，認(rèn)真體會，才能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的中心主旨。

Passage 14

When I asked my daughter which item she would keep: the phone, the car, the cooker, the computer, the TV, or her boyfriend, she said, “the phone”.Personally, I could do without the phone entirely, which makes me unusual.Because the telephone is changing our lives more than any other piece of technology.Point 1.The telephone creates the need to communicate, in the same way more roads create more traffic.My daughter comes home from school at 4:00 pm and then spends an hour on the phone talking to the every people she have been at school with all day.If the phone did not exist, would she have anything to talk about? Point 2.The mobile phone means that we are never alone.“The mobile saved my life,” says Crystal Johnstone.She had an accident in her Volvo on the A45 between Otley and Skipton.Trapped inside, she managed to make the call that brought the ambulance to her rescue.Point 3.The mobile removes our secret.It allows marketing manager of Haba Deutsch, Carl Nicolaisen, to ring his sales staff all round the world at any time of day to ask where they are, where they are going, and how their last meeting went.Point 4.The telephone separates us.Antonella Bramanate in Rome says, “We worked in separate offices but I could see him through the window.It was easy to get his number.We were so near---but we didn't meet for the first two weeks!” Point 5.The telephone allows us to reach out beyond our own lives.Today we can talk to several complete strangers simultaneously()on chat lines(at least my daughter does.I wouldn't know what to talk about).We can talk across the world.We can even talk to astronauts(if you know any)while they're space-walking.And, with the phone line hooked up to the computer, we can access the Internet, the biggest library on Earth.1.Point 1 mainly tells us that __________.A.the writer's daughter enjoys talking on the phone.B.More roads create more traffic.C.phones create the need to communication D it's easy to communicate through phones.2.People's attitude towards mobile phone is that it _________.A.helps people deal with the emergency.B.brings convenience as well as little secret to people.C.is so important and should be encouraged.D.is part of people's life.3.Which do you think support the idea that phones improve people's life? A.Point 1 and 2.B.Point 3 and 4.C.Point 1 and 3.D.Point 2 and 5.4.It is possible to talk to several complete strangers at the same time through __________.A.the TV screen.B.a fax machine.C.the Internet.D.the phone.5.Which is the most suitable title for the passage? A.Phone Power B.Kinds of Phones C.How to Use Phone D.Advantages of Phones

Correct answers: CBDCA

作好本文閱讀理解測試題的關(guān)鍵是準(zhǔn)確把握短文的中心主旨，重點是準(zhǔn)確，不偏不倚。

第一段作者提及自己的女兒可以舍棄其它，但必須保留電話。作者寫到：Because the telephone is changing our lives more than any other piece of technology.作者隨后分五點(five points)探討了電話給人們生活帶來的變化。

細(xì)讀這五點，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：第一點，電話創(chuàng)造了交流的需要，是個中性的變化，說不上是好是壞。第二和第五點是電話帶給人們的便利和用途，顯然是電話的優(yōu)點長處,即advantages。但第三和第四點：The mobile removes our secret./ The telephone separates us.顯然是討論電話的缺點和弊端，即disadvantages。綜上所述，作者并沒有因女兒選擇保留電話機(jī)就一面倒地夸獎電話，而是客觀分析電話給人們生活帶來的變化和電話在人們生活中所起的作用，既有正面的，也有反面的。有了上述理解，閱讀理解測試題就迎刃而解了。尤其是題2和題5，必須選能包括正反兩方面的表述，才符合作者的原意

Passage 15

A green house is a building made of glass which is used for keeping plants warm when the outside temperature is low.In a similar way there are several gases in the atmosphere which trap the heat produced by the sun and prevent it from escaping.These gases are known as “greenhouse gases”, and the way in which they trap heat in the atmosphere is called the “greenhouse effect”.this is not simply air pollution.Most of the main greenhouse gases exist naturally in small amounts in our atmosphere, and with out them the earth would be 30 degrees colder and human life would not exist.In other words, the greenhouse effect is a natural course, which is to some degree helpful to us.The problem is that in the last century and a half, we have been putting too many of these gases into the earth's atmosphere by burning large quantities of coal and oil and by cutting down forests.The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer.The world's temperature has already gone up by half a degree this century, and the sea level has risen by 10 centimeters.If the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles, there will probably be a rise in the earth's temperature of between 1 and 4.This may seem a small increase, but it would be enough to cause major changes in geography and agriculture.Large areas of the world would be flooded, and some areas would become dry and unable to produce crops.It is important, too, to consider that there may be a delay of about 30 years in the greenhouse effect.This means that we are probably experiencing only now the effect of the gases put into the atmosphere before the 1960s.Since then, our use of these gases has greatly increased.1.“Greenhouse effect” means __________.A.the way in which gases are used for keeping plants warm.B.a natural course which is to some degree helpful to us.C.the way 'greenhouse gases' trap heat on the earth.D.the whole course in which greenhouse gases prevent heat.2.If there were no greenhouse effect, __________.A.no plants would grow on our planet.B.the earth would be 30 degrees colder.C.man could not live on the earth.D.all of the above answers are correct.3.Which of the following is not true? A.Burning too much coal and oil produces lots of greenhouse gases.B.It has become warmer on the earth now than in the past.C.Gases put into the atmosphere now will effect the earth years later.D.The temperature in a greenhouse is as high as that in the atmosphere.4.Suppose the earth's temperature rose by 3 degrees __________.A.great harm would be done to mankind.B.the sea level would go up by 10 centimeters.C.all the land in world would be flooded.D.crops would be unable to grow on earth.5.The passage mainly deals with __________.A.the concept(概念)and harm of greenhouse effect.B.the relation between greenhouse gases and man.C.the concept and change of greenhouse effect.D.the effect of the rise of the earth's temperature.Correct answers: BDDAC 作好本文的理解測試題的關(guān)鍵是：擯棄先入為主的概念，認(rèn)真閱讀原文。

本文討論的“溫室效應(yīng)”問題是目前環(huán)保熱點問題，婦孺皆知，“溫室效應(yīng)”已是大氣污染的代名詞，“溫室效應(yīng)”等于空氣污染，這是普羅大眾已經(jīng)接受的概念和已經(jīng)認(rèn)可的說法。

但本作者從科學(xué)的角度準(zhǔn)確地解釋了“溫室效應(yīng)”這一概念，為其“正了身”，“平了反”。在第一段里，作者解釋了“溫室氣體”和“溫室效應(yīng)”之后，明確說到：

This is not simply air pollution.Most of the main greenhouse gases exist naturally in small amounts in our atmosphere, and with out them the earth would be 30 degrees colder and human life would not exist.In other words, the greenhouse effect is a natural course, which is to some degree helpful to us.可見“溫室效應(yīng)”是大氣層生來具有的一種作用。正由于這種作用，地球上才能萬物生長。至于大氣污染，全球變暖，則是由于人類活動改變了“溫室效應(yīng)”的過程和作用所至。正如作者所說：

The problem is that in the last century and a half, we have been putting too many of these gases into the earth's atmosphere by burning large quantities of coal and oil and by cutting down forests.The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer.準(zhǔn)確理解溫室效應(yīng)的概念后，我們就不難作對有關(guān)中心主旨的三道題了：

題1的答案是B, “Greenhouse effect” means B.a natural course which is to some degree helpful to us.題2的答案是D。

題5的答案是C, The passage mainly deals with C.the concept and change of greenhouse effect.在我們閱讀時，有時需要運用我們已有的背景知識來幫助理解。但同時我們也要警惕先入為主的觀念干擾影響我們對文章的準(zhǔn)確理解。總之，“虛心拜讀”，“決不想當(dāng)然”，才能有有效的閱讀。

Passage 17 Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids(小行星)now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists.Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids(流星)that race across the night sky.Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don't threaten us.But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now.Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks.By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we'll have a way to change its course.Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1)How likely the event is;and 2)How bad the consequences if the event occurs.Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years.Sounds pretty rare---but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world.“If we don't take care of these big asteroids, they'll take care of us,” says one scientist.“It's that simple.” The cure, though, might be worse than the disease.Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday(毀滅性的)rocks than from a great nuclear fleet(艦隊)set against them,” said a New York Times article.1.What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids? A.They are heavenly bodies different in composition.B.They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.C.There are more asteroids than meteoroids.D.Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.2.What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth? A.It is very unlikely but the danger exists.B.Such a collision might occur once every 25 years.C.Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.D.It's still too early to say whether such a collision might occur.3.What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to change the course of asteroids? A.It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem.B.It may create more problems than it might solve.C.It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely.D.Further research should be done before it is proved practical.4.We can conclude from the passage that __________.A.while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world.B.asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future.C.The worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime.D.Workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth.5.Which of the following best describes the author's tone in the passage? A.Hopeful.B.Subjective.C.Objective.D.Sad.Correct answers: BABDC 讀完全文后，你一定會有印象：對待小行星撞擊地球的可能性和對策有兩種觀點和態(tài)度。一種是：只要可能性存在，就要花費人力資金認(rèn)真對待；另一種意見是：不值得，且解決辦法本身帶來的問題和危害遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于它能解決的問題。

請再瀏覽全文，仔細(xì)判讀作者的傾向和態(tài)度。

再讀后，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，全文沒有作者自己的觀點，作者僅僅把各方的意見擺到了桌面上，向讀者客觀介紹情況，自己并無明顯傾向。

因此，題2的A選項（小行星撞擊地球的概率很小，但危險確實存在）是客觀說明，中性表達(dá)，是題2的正確答案。題5的C項說全文基調(diào)是客觀的(Objective)，應(yīng)當(dāng)是正確答案。

因此，在閱讀此類辯駁性文章時，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)識到有兩種可能性：作者明顯地支持一方觀點，有清楚的傾向性，甚至有可能借助辯駁來推介自己的觀點；另一種可能是作者僅僅是客觀介紹雙方觀點，自己并無傾向，全憑讀者自己評判。

Passage 18

Disposing(處理)of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it.As more and more people choose to live close together in cities, the waste-disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult.During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump site.Residents or trash haulers(垃圾拖運者)would transport household rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site.Periodically some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried.The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by.Factories, mills, and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of.Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water.Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem.Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society.The first problem is space.Dumps, which are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas.Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose.Property is either too expensive or too close to residential neighborhoods.Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice, but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent.Awareness(意識)of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal.Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste.The amount of waste, however, continues to grow.Recycling efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part.Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city's reusable waste.1.The most suitable title for this passage would be __________.A.Places for Disposing Waste B.Waste Pollution Dangers C.Ways of Getting Rid of Waste D.Waste Disposal Problem

2.During the 18th century, people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT for __________.A.burying it.B.recycling it.C.burning it.D.throwing it into rivers.3.What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph? A.Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society.B.There is cheap land to bury waste in modern society.C.It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modern society.D.Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same.4.The main purpose of writing this article is to _________.A.draw people's attention to waste management.B.warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing.C.call on people to take part in recycling programs.D.tell people a better way to get rid of the waste.Correct answers: DBCA

本篇短文的題1和題4涉及對中心主旨的理解。

環(huán)保是現(xiàn)在的熱門話題，我們有著豐富的背景知識。背景知識可以幫助我們理解，但有時又會成為作題的障礙。我們只有認(rèn)真仔細(xì)閱讀原文，真正懂得作者的意思，才能作對題。以想當(dāng)然的態(tài)度和以自己的觀點取代作者的觀點的做法，都是不可取的。

俯瞰全文，第一段就是主題中心段落，第一句話就是全文的主題句Disposing(處理)of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it.第二，三段介紹了以前人們處理廢物的方法。第四，五，六段分析了現(xiàn)在的問題：第四段談到了以前的方法已不再適用；第五段談到雖然有嚴(yán)格條例，但廢棄物越來越多；第六段談到雖然有回收措施，但最多只能處理50%的廢棄物。

由此我們可以得知本文的最佳題目(題1）是 “Waste Disposal Problem”,即“處理垃圾廢棄物的難題”，其它選項都似是而非。作者寫作本文的目的（題4）是“draw people's attention to waste management”即“引起人們對垃圾廢棄物的管理問題的注意”(A)，而不是“警告污染的危險”(B)，也不是“號召回收再利用廢棄物”(C)。

選自2002-2003年海淀區(qū)高三期末考試英語試卷 2003.1

Passage 19

Most of the people who appear most often in the history books are great conquerors(征服者)and generals and soldiers, while the people who really helped civilization(文明)forward are often never mentioned at all.We do not know who first set a broken leg, or made a seaworthy boat, or calculated(計算)the length of the year, but we know all about the killers and destroyers.people think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars(柱子)in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conquer or a general of a soldier.And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in the battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors.It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.Animals fight;so do savages(野蠻人);so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized.Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently-----this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done----is not being civilized.People fight to settle quarrels.Fighting means killing, and civilized people ought to be able to find some way of settling their quarrels rather than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won, and not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right.For that is what is going to mean in a war, it means saying that might is right.1.In the author's opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries are __________.A.possibly the most civilized but not the greatest.B.possibly the greatest in some degree but not the most civilized.C.certainly not the greatest in any way.D.neither the greatest nor the most civilized.2.The author says that civilized people should __________.A.not have any quarrels to settle.B.not fight when there are no quarrels to settle.C.settle their quarrels without fighting.D.settle their quarrels by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side.3.“Might is right” in the last sentence means that __________.A.those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.B.only those who are powerful should go to war.C.those who are fight should fight against those who are wrong.D.in a way only those who are powerful will win.Correct answers: BCA

本篇短文由一個現(xiàn)象談起：史書更多地記載征服者，將軍士兵；很少涉及真正推動歷史的普通人，進(jìn)而批判了國際政治斗爭中的一種謬誤：戰(zhàn)爭的勝利一方就是道義上正確的的一方，就是推動人類文明發(fā)展的一方。呼吁通過和平手段解決紛爭。

本篇短文的題2和題3涉及對中心主旨的理解。

題2問及文明人解決紛爭的正確方式，自然應(yīng)當(dāng)選C，settle their quarrels without fighting。但許多同學(xué)錯選了D，意思恰恰反了，說明沒有讀懂短文，沒有抓住作者的基本思想。題3問及短文最后總結(jié)句中的“Might is Right”的意思。作者在文章的最后分析了那些總是企圖通過武力解決紛爭的人的哲學(xué)，即他們相信“強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理”，題3的答案是A，those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.。許多同學(xué)錯選了C。C所表達(dá)的的精神是永遠(yuǎn)正確的，但“Might is Right”是作者在文中批判的一種錯誤的政治哲學(xué)；而且C的內(nèi)容根本沒有在本文討論，所以C不對。選C的同學(xué)顯然沒有領(lǐng)悟文章最后一段的意思，沒有抓住作者的基本思想。

選自2002-2003年東城區(qū)高三期末考試英語試卷 2003.1

Passage 20

We find that bright children are not often held back by mixed-ability teaching.On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are improved.We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils, a way to teach pupils in groups according to their ability.It does not pay attention to the fact that children develop at different speed.It can have a bad effect on both the bright and not-so-bright children.After all it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual(智力的)ability.This is only one aspect(方面)of their total personality.We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic(學(xué)術(shù)理論的)ability.We also value personal qualities(品質(zhì))and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching helps improve all these aspects of learning.In our classroom, we work in various ways.The pupils often work in groups;this gives them the chances to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills.They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, at analyze and evaluate(分析和評價), and to communicate effectively.The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs;sometimes they work on individual(個人的)tasks and assignments and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is right and suitable.We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively.An advanced pupil can do advanced work;it does not matter what age the child is.We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to achieve this goal.1.What's the author's attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching'? A.He agrees to it.B.He doubts the truth of it.C.He is very discontent about it.D.He tries to be objective about it.2.By ”held back“, the author means ___________.A.forced to study in the lower class.B.made to remain in the same class.C.prevented from advancing.D.made to fall behind other students.3.Which are the reasons given to disagree with ”streaming pupils"? a.Pupils develop at different speed.b.Advanced pupils work at their own speed.c.Students work in various ways in our classroom.d.It is important to develop pupils' total personality.A.a and b.B.a and d.C.c and b.D.c and d.4.The author's purpose of writing this passage is to __________.A.offer advice on the proper use of school library.B.call attention to the importance of variety in classroom teaching.C.persuade to teach bright and not-so-bright pupils in separate classes.D.argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class.Correct answers: ACBD

本篇短文是關(guān)于學(xué)校教育的一個爭論：究竟是按能力分班教學(xué)好呢(streaming pupils)？還是混合編班教學(xué)好呢(mixed-ability teaching)？作者的立場觀點是什么？這是通過閱讀要解決的基本問題，即文章的中心主旨。

作者在第一段就旗幟鮮明地表達(dá)了自己的觀點立場：We find that bright children are not often held back by mixed-ability teaching.On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are improved.We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils,......由此可知，作者是堅決支持“混合能力編班教學(xué)”這一做法的。因此題1的答案是A，He agrees to it.在接下來的三段文字中，作者提到了我們應(yīng)當(dāng)培養(yǎng)全面發(fā)展的具有健全人格的人，而不是僅僅具有學(xué)術(shù)能力的人（第二段）；在混合編班的教學(xué)活動中，不同能力水平不同能力傾向的學(xué)生互相學(xué)習(xí)，取長補(bǔ)短（第三段）；由于學(xué)生個體發(fā)展過程和速度的不同，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)有自己的發(fā)展空間，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵他們自主學(xué)習(xí)，給他們創(chuàng)造一個人人全力以赴全面發(fā)展的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境（第四段）。顯然題3的 a 項和 d 項是作者不同意按能力分班教學(xué)的理由，答案是B。綜觀全文，作者是在為支持“混合編班教學(xué)”進(jìn)行辯護(hù)，反對“按能力分班教學(xué)”。題4的答案是D，argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class，argue for 是為贊成，支持某事而辯論辯護(hù)的意思。本題也是一道領(lǐng)悟中心主旨的題目。

選自2003年崇文區(qū)高三一模英語試卷 2003.4

第二篇：高中英語過去分詞專項練習(xí)

She wants her paintings _____ in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be very popular.A.display

B.to display

C.displaying

D.displayed

On Christmas Eve I received a nice present from my parents, with a short amusing poem _____.A.being attached

B.to be attached

C.attached

D.attaching

If you stay over four years in this country, you will have to have your visa _______ to one more year.A.extend

B.to extend

C.extending

D.extended

With aging parents and young children, a growing number of Americans find themselves _____ in the middle.A.caught

B.being caught C.catching D.having been caught Eric was so surprised at the news that he could hardly keep his mouth __________.A.close

B.closed C.closing D.to be closing The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing _____ should have attracted the government’s attention.A.solving B.solve

C.to solve

D.solved

Don’t keep your mouth _____ if you want to improve your spoken English.Because language is like a muscle: the more you use it, the stronger it gets.A.shutting

B.shut

C.being shut D.been shut Getting a new computer system ______ at the school has become a high priority.A.installed

B.installing

C.to be installed

D.having installed After a long journey across the whole Europe from north to south, they found themselves _____ out as well as their clothes.A.wear

B.wore

C.wearing

D.worn

You should understand the traffic rule by now, since you’ve had it _____ often enough.A.explaining B.to explain C.explain

D.explained

Tiger Woods said that he needed to have his attention _____ on being a better husband, father and person.A.focusing

B.focus

C.be focused

D.focused For a promotion, Alexander tried to get his work ______ in the medical circles.A.to recognize

B.recognizing C.recognize D.recognized

A good teacher has to be armed with the ability to keep students _______ throughout their learning process.A.motivating

B.motivated

C.motivate

D.to be motivated

The president promised to keep all the board members _____ of how the negotiations were going on.A.informing B.be informed C.inform

D.informed

Birdwatching is becoming a popular pastime, with almost 3,000,000 of us _____ in our fluttering feathered friends.A.absorbed

B.absorbing C.absorb

D.to absorb

Clever wit and humor will help your speech stand out in a good way and keep everyone ______.A.entertaining B.entertained

C.to entertain D.being entertained The sale usually takes place in front of the house, with the audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.A.having seated B.seating

C.seated

D.having been seated Seeing the soldiers well ______ for the fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.A.prepare

B.preparing

C.prepared

D.to prepare Factory workers _____ to constant noise may gradually suffer from a loss of hearing.A.exposed

B.to be exposed

C.exposing

D.having been exposed In order to jump, your body changes the chemical energy _______ in the food you have eaten into mechanical energy.A.stored

B.storing

C.being stored D.having stored The popular song is thought to be the best of its kind ______.A.having known B.being known

C.having been known D.ever known During my visit to the Starbucks headquarters, I saw people _____ ―coffee master‖ passionately going about their work.A.calling

B.to call C.call

D.called The tall building, ______ down two decades ago, is now being rebuilt.A.to be burnt

B.burnt

C.having burnt D.being burnt Great as Einstein was, many of his famous ideas ______ to people are challenged today.A.known

B.knowing

C.to know

D.having known A diet __________ plant life can help with the prevention of heart disease, and even cancer.A.basing on B.to be based on C.based on D.to base on Several people ______ in the GM-Chrysler merger discussions say the companies have talked to federal officials about their proposed transaction.A.involving

B.involved

C.to involve

D.involve Even many years after his divorce, he still couldn’t figure out the reason for his ____ marriage.A.to fail

B.to be failing C.failing D.failed

The interviewer should take down some notes while the person ________ is answering questions.A.to be interviewed

B.having been interviewed

C.being interviewed

D.interviewed Here are some new computer programs _______ for home buildings.A.designing

B.design

C.designed

D.to design Chinese Premier Wen’s speech, ________“See China in the light of her development”, was warmly welcomed by a packed and receptive international audience of more than 500 staff and students in the university A.entitled

B.entitling

C.having entitled D.being entitled Rising energy costs and goods prices and the falling dollar are cutting into what foreign manufacturer called the ―China price‖

——a 40 to 50 percent cost advantage once _____ by Chinese producers.A.offered

B.offering

C.being offered

D.having been offered From the photographs ______ from the satellites, scientists are learning things about the earth they have never known before.A.to sent

B.to be send C.sending

D.sent

Educators claim that children ___________to English-speaking environment will learn the language more quickly.A.being exposed

B.to be exposed

C.having exposed

D.exposed

When you apply for a job, the interview ______to find out more about an applicant and to see if he is fit for the job is of vital importance.A.designing

B.to design

C.being designed D.designed

Storm chasing is so dangerous that some chasers are often hurt in accidents _____ by driving in a heavy rain.A.having caused B.caused

C.to be caused D.causing Ford is currently the fourth-largest automaker in the world based on the number of vehicles ______ annually, directly behind Volkswagen in 2008.A.to sell B.selling

C.sold

D.sell Carbon dioxide ______ from burning fuels is the most common of the ―greenhouse gases‖.A.having been produced B.producing C.to be produced D.produced

More than 52 types of new weapon systems _____ with China’s own technology were displayed in the National Day military parade.A.developing B.developed C.being developed D.to be developed The problem of carbon emission ____ at Copenhagen Summit has aroused the public’s wide concern.A.discussed B.having been discussed C.being discussed D.to be discussed ______ at the Pudong New District, the Shanghai Disneyland will be the sixth Disneyland theme park in the world.A.Located

B.Locating

C.Being located D.Having located ______ miracle of the box office, ―Avatar‖ brings back the peace and innocence to the heart of audience.A.Calling B.To be called C.Having called D.Called A talk show is a television program where one person(or a group of people)will discuss various topics _____ by a host.A.raising

B.to raise

C.raised

D.raise Greenhouses ______ near coasts can turn plentiful sea water into fresh water for crops at relatively lower costs.A.are built

B.built

C.to have been built

D.having been built Hobbies mainly ______for relaxation and enjoyment vary from person to person.A.pursuing

B.pursued

C.being pursued D.having pursued The first reality TV show in the world _____ Expedition Robinson was shown in Sweden in 1997.A.called

B.having been called C.calling

D.to be called The international agreement, _______ encourage children not to smoke and help people to kick the habit, was signed on 27 February.A.intending to

B.being intended to C.intended to

D.to intend to---Come on, let’s go for a drink.---Sorry.With so many problems _____ my mind, I can’t take a break.A.filled B.filling

C.to fill

D.being filled Today, the Chinese medicine, ______ as one option to treat disease, has been accepted by many foreign doctors.A.considering

B.considered

C.being considered

D.to be considered Scientists found that dogs, not wolves, as originally ________, were responsible for a large number of livestock killings in the mountainous country.A.suspected B.suspecting C.suspect

D.to suspect A tsunami(海嘯)occurs as a series of waves ______ a “wave train,” and the series of surges(巨浪)can be five minutes or up to an hour apart.A.which known as

B.known as

C.is known as D.to know as Severe natural disasters such as the earthquake off the coast of Japan on March 11th can raise questions about all of the factors__________.A.involved

B.involving

C.to involve

D.which involves I am sure that Linda’s latest novel, once _____, will prove a great success.A.being published

B.to be published

C.published

D.publish That the brain, once ______ oxygen, dies has been proved by many scientists.A.depriving of

B.deprived of

C.being deprived of

D.to be deprived of Some people against toll booths(收費站)argue that roads, once ___________, should be free.A.building

B.built

C.having built

D.being built Once ______, everyone taking the examination will be given test papers.A.seated

B.seating

C.being seated D.having seated If ______, I’ll attend her wedding next week.A.invite

B.invited

C.am invited

D.inviting He becomes annoyed or discouraged if______ too often.A.is corrected

B.correcting

C.corrected

D.to correct The former chairman of the Federal Reserve Alan Greenspan warned the US government that the current financial crisis, if not ______, would develop into a big economic recession.(衰退)A.carefully dealt with B.carefully dealing with

C.having carefully dealt with D.carefully deals with Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication, if not ______ properly, may lead to serious problems.A.handling

B.being handled C.handled

D.to handle Drinking a little wine is good for our health.However, wine can also damage the liver and do great harm if ______ in large quantities.A.to consume B.consuming C.consumed D.consumes Some green beans, ______ long enough, can be poisonous.A.if not to be cooked B.if not cooked C.if not cooking D.if not being cooked Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ________.A.if not managed carefully

B.if are not managed carefully C.unless not managed carefully

D.unless are not managed carefully We are aware that, ________ , the situation will get worse.A.if not dealing with carefully B.if dealt not carefully with C.if not carefully dealt with

D.if not carefully dealing with _____ with the previous two movies, ―Spider – Man 3‖ makes the hero more human.A.Comparing B.To compare C.Compared D.Being Compared No matter how frequently _____, the works of Beethoven always attract a large audience.A.performing B.performed C.to be performed D.being performed Though _____ of danger, he still went swimming in the river, which cost his life.A.was warned B.warned

C.warning

D.to warn Though _____ with different medicines, the patient hasn’t recovered from the mysterious illness yet.A.to treat

B.treated

C.treating D.being treated Although first ________ almost 200 years ago, the novels of Jane Austin have remained popular around the world.A.publishing B.being published C.published

D.was published Originally ____ for teenagers, Harry Potter proved to be popular with middle-aged housewives as well.A.writing

B.having been written C.being written D.written

_________ as one of the most talented artist in European history, Van Gogh couldn't have sold a single work without his brother’s assistance.A.Thinking

B.To be viewed

C.Viewed

D.Considering ______ by the belief that the computer will be a useful tool, they began to develop software for personal computers.A.Guided

B.Guiding

C.Being guided

D.Having guided _____ in a special style, her painting can almost be mistaken for photographs.A.Being done B.To be done

C.Done

D.Having done ______ great help, I was able to get rid of all the difficulty and succeeded.A.Offered

B.Having offered

C.Being offered

D.Offering ______ at their first meeting by his wisdom and humor, the chairman immediately invited him to attend the coming Science Conference.A.Striking B.To strike C.Stricken D.Having stricken _____ in convenient locations, chain stores are usually next door to people’s homes and close to the bus stops or underground stations.A.Being located

B.Having located C.Located

D.Locating ______ by a blackmailer yesterday morning, he immediately informed the police.A.Threatening B.Threatened

C.To threaten

D.Being threaten _____ from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller.A.To build

B.Being built C.Having built D.Built

____ of concrete and steel, the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lampu could provide a better chance of surviving than did the World Trade Centre buildings.A.Building

B.Built

C.To built

D.Having built _____ with serious employment difficulties, China has to enlarge employment opportunities and spare no effort to ensure

economic growth and social stability.A.Faced

B.Facing

C.To face

D.Having faced _________by many different kinds of dancing, Martha Graham developed her own personal dance style.A.Influencing B.Influenced

C.To Influence D.Be influenced ______ as one of the richest universities in the world, Harvard spends a huge amount of money on scientific research every year.A.Regarding B.Regarded C.To regard D.Having regarded ______ with severe drought in some areas, Chinese government is taking active measures to ensure people’s essential needs.A.Facing

B.Faced

C.To face

D.Being faced _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A.Being encouraged

B.Encouraging

C.Encouraged

D.Having encouraged _________at the very beginning, the financial crisis was getting worse and worse in America.A.Not dealt with properly

B.Not dealing with properly C.Not having dealt with properly

D.Not being dealt with properly ________ the secret of nature, the young scientist has little time for entertainment.A.Devoted to bring up B.Devoted himself to bring up C.Devoted to bringing up

D.Devoting to bring up ______ in the Internet, more and more students would like to watch the movies online than go to the cinema.A.Involving

B.Involved

C.To involve

D.Being involved _______ with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence.A.To be equipped B.Equipping

C.Equipped

D.Being equipped People always shake hands and say ―How do you do?‖ when _____ to each other.A.introducing B.to be introducing C.to introduce D.introduced When full _____, the Blue Whale measures 110 feet in length.A.is grown B.growing

C.grown

D.grows Each underlined phrase, when ______, provides a drop down menu with a list of choices.A.clicked

B.is clicked

C.clicking

D.being clicked When ________ what they needed most, the kids said they wanted to be felt important and loved.A.asking

B.to be asked

C.asked

D.to ask

It’s a shame to say it again, but I did tell a lie when _____ last time in my teacher’s office.A.having questioned B.to question

C.questioned

D.to be questioned When first ______ to the market, i-pad was not a success due to its high price.A.introducing B.being introduced C.introduced

D.to be introduced After his journey from abroad, Anna returned home, ______.A.exhausting B.having exhausted C.being exhausted D.exhausted

______along either bank of Huangpu River, trees and flowers added beauty to the newly-decorated bund.A.Planting B.Planted C.To plant D.To be planted

______ in the northwest of China, Xi’an is seen as the birthplace of the country’s civilization.A.Locating

B.Being located

C.To locate D.Located ____ in the front row at the ceremony, our distinguished guests are from home and abroad.A.Seating B.Being seated C.Seated

D.To seat The five-year-old boy ______, the whole family burst into tears.A.kidnap

B.kidnapped

C.was kidnapped

D.was kidnapping _______ by the policeman, his face went pale with fear.A.For being tied B.Having been tied

C.What he did see tied

With all the magazines I needed _____, I left the post office.A.buying B.to buy C.bought

D.to be bought

D.His hands

第三篇：高中英語過去分詞專項練習(xí)

高中英語過去分詞專項練習(xí)

★清華大學(xué)★英語系測試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供

高中英語過去分詞專項練習(xí)

1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A.To see

B.Seen

C.Seeing

D.See 2.All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off.A.be considered B.considering C.having considered D.considered 3.______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.A.Saw;frightened

B.Seen;frightened

C.To see;frightening

D.Seeing;frightened 4.Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A.When taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken 5.The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins

B.begun

C.beginning

D.having begun 6._____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.A.being founded

B.Founded

C.It was founded

D.Founding 7.If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _____.A.supposed

B.supposing

C.to suppose

D.suppose 8._____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A.Given

B.To give

C.Giving

D.Having given 9.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____ in my study.A.locking

B.to lock

C.locked

D.being locked 10._____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A.When compared B.Compare C.While comparing D.Comparing 11.Mrs.Bush stood ______ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A.surprised

B.surprising C.being surprised

D.to be surprised 12.____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A.Leaving

B.Left

C.To be left

D.Having left 13._____ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A.Being determined

B.On having determined C.Determined

D.To be determined 14.______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A.Being settled

B.Having settled

C.Settled

D.Settling 15.He must be angry, for we heard the glass ____ on the floor.A, being broken

B.break

C.to be break

D.broken 16.You can fly to the UK this morning _____ you don’t mind changing planes in Hong Kong.A.because

B.provided

C.unless

D.so far as 17._____ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A.To look

B.Looking at

C.Looked at

D.To be looked at 18._____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A.To be judged the best

B.Judged by the best C.Having judged the best

D.Judging the best 19.A cool rain was falling, _____ with snow.A.mixed

B.mixing

C.to mix

D.having mixed Keys: 1~~5 DDDBB

6~~10 BAACA11~~15 ABCC

16~~20 ABCBA

想學(xué)好英語，首先要培養(yǎng)對英語的興趣。“興趣是最好的老師”,興趣是學(xué)習(xí)英語的巨大動力，有了興趣，學(xué)習(xí)就會事半功倍。我們都有這樣的經(jīng)驗：喜歡的事，就容易堅持下去；不喜歡的事，是很難堅持下去的。而興趣不是與生俱來的，需要培養(yǎng)。有的同學(xué)說：“我一看到英語就頭疼，怎么能培養(yǎng)對英語的興趣呢？”還有的同學(xué)說：“英語單詞我今天記了明天忘，我太笨了，唉，我算沒治了。”這都是缺乏信心的表現(xiàn)。初學(xué)英語時，沒有掌握正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法，沒有樹立必勝的信心，缺乏了克服困難的勇氣，喪失了上進(jìn)的動力，稍遇失敗，就會向挫折繳槍，向困難低頭。你就會感到英語是一門枯燥無味的學(xué)科，學(xué)了一段時間之后，學(xué)習(xí)積極性也逐漸降低，自然也就不會取得好成績。但是，只要在老師的幫助下，認(rèn)識到學(xué)英語的必要性，用正確的態(tài)度對待英語學(xué)習(xí)，用科學(xué)的方法指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)。開始時多參加一些英語方面的活動，比如，唱英文歌、做英語游戲、讀英語幽默短文、練習(xí)口頭對話等。時間長了，懂得多了，就有了興趣，當(dāng)然，學(xué)習(xí)起來就有了動力和欲望。然后，就要像農(nóng)民一樣勤勤懇懇，不辭辛苦，付出辛勤的勞動和汗水，一定會取得成功，收獲豐碩的成果。畢竟是No pains, no gains嗎。練好基本功是學(xué)好英語的必要條件，沒有扎實的英語基礎(chǔ)，就談不上繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，更談不上有所成就。要想基本功扎實，必須全神貫注地認(rèn)真聽講,上好每一節(jié)課，提高課堂效率，腳踏實地、一步一個腳印地，做到以下“五到”：

一、“心到”。在課堂上應(yīng)聚精會神，一刻也不能懈怠，大腦要始終處于積極狀態(tài)，思維要活躍、思路要開闊，心隨老師走，聽懂每一句話，抓住每一個環(huán)節(jié)，理解每一個知識點，多聯(lián)想、多思考，做到心領(lǐng)神會。

二、“手到”。學(xué)英語，一定要做課堂筆記。因為人的記憶力是有限的，人不可能都過目不忘，記憶本身就是不斷與遺忘作斗爭的過程。常言說，“好腦筋不如爛筆頭”。老師講的知識可能在課堂上記住了，可是過了一段時間，就會忘記，所以，做好筆記很有必要。英語知識也是一點點積累起來的，學(xué)到的每一個單詞、詞組以及句型結(jié)構(gòu)，都記在筆記本上，甚至是書的空白處或字里行間，這對以后的復(fù)習(xí)鞏固都是非常方便的。

三、“耳到”。在課堂上，認(rèn)真聽講是十分必要的，不但要專心聽老師對知識的講解，而且要認(rèn)真聽老師說英語的語音、語調(diào)、重音、連讀、失去爆破、斷句等發(fā)音要領(lǐng)，以便培養(yǎng)自己純正地道的英語口語。聽見聽懂老師傳授的每一個知識點，在頭腦里形成反饋以幫助記憶；理解領(lǐng)會老師提出的問題，以便迅速作答，對比同學(xué)對問題的回答，以加深對問題的理解而取別人之長補(bǔ)自己之短。

四、“眼到”。在認(rèn)真聽講的同時，還要雙眼緊隨老師觀察老師的動作、口形、表情、板書、繪圖、教具展示等。大腦里形成的視覺信息和聽覺信息相結(jié)合，印象就會更加深刻。

五、“口到”。學(xué)習(xí)語言，不張嘴不動口是學(xué)不好的，同學(xué)們最大的毛病是讀書不出聲，害羞不敢張嘴。尤其是早讀課，同學(xué)們只是用眼看或默讀，這樣就只有視覺信息，而沒有聽覺信息在大腦里的反饋，當(dāng)然記憶也不會太深刻，口部肌肉也得不到鍛煉，也就很難練就一口純正的英語。所以，要充分利用早晨頭腦清醒的時間，大聲朗讀；課堂上要勇躍回答老師提問、積極參與同學(xué)間討論和辯論，課下對不清楚的問題及時提出，要克服害羞心理，不恥下問。對學(xué)過的課文要多讀、勤讀、苦讀，可以跟錄音機(jī)讀，竭力模仿其語音語調(diào)以糾正發(fā)音，要讀得抑揚(yáng)頓挫朗朗上口，一些精典文章最好能背得滾爪爛熟。利用一切可能的機(jī)會，練習(xí)英語口語，比如，與外教交流、參加“英語角”活動、與同學(xué)進(jìn)行對話、講英語故事、唱英文歌曲、演英語短劇、進(jìn)行詩歌朗誦等。除了對課本中的范文要細(xì)讀精讀之外，還要多看些適合我們中學(xué)生的課外讀物，既可增長知識，又開闊了我們的視野，也提高了我們的閱讀水平。學(xué)英語，詞匯的記憶是必不可少的，詞匯是學(xué)好英語的基礎(chǔ)，沒有了詞匯，也就談不上句子，更談不上文章，所以記單詞對我們就顯得極其重要。記憶單詞關(guān)鍵有二： 一是持之以恒：每天堅持記憶一定量的詞匯，過幾天再回頭復(fù)習(xí)一次，這樣周期循環(huán)，反復(fù)記憶，經(jīng)常使用，就會變短時記憶為長時記憶并牢固掌握。需要注意的是，一旦開始，就要堅持下來，千萬不能半途而廢，切不可三天打魚，兩天曬網(wǎng)。二是良好的記憶方法：記憶單詞的方法很多，學(xué)無定法，但學(xué)有良法。我認(rèn)為，張思中的“集中識詞，分類記憶”不失為一種適合中學(xué)生的好方法。把中學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握的3500個單詞集中匯總，分門別類，先過單詞關(guān)，然后再學(xué)教材，在課本中使用和鞏固它們的用法。分類的方法有多種，同一元音或元音字母組合發(fā)音相同的單詞歸為一類；根據(jù)詞形詞性、同義詞反義詞等集中記憶；把相同詞根、前綴、后綴、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化、派生等構(gòu)詞法相同的單詞或詞組列在一起集中識記印象比較深刻，記憶效果也比較明顯。這樣每天記40－80個單詞，堅持不懈，多聯(lián)想，多思考，多使用，詞匯問題不就解決了嗎？在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中多注視單詞的用法和詞組的搭配，牢記老師講過的單詞慣用法和句型，這樣不僅有助于我們解題，而且在寫作時也會信手拈來，運用自如。把單詞記住，了解詞性、詞義，掌握其固定搭配與習(xí)慣用法，背會時態(tài)、從句的各種用法，工作只是完成了一半，我們還得將它們應(yīng)用到實踐中去。就像學(xué)游泳，光學(xué)理論，不下水應(yīng)用，不等于掌握了這門技術(shù)。不必要搞題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)，但一定量的典型練習(xí)來鞏固所學(xué)知識是必不可少的。先重視基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)，如課后習(xí)題，單元同步練習(xí)，這些是針對課堂知識的鞏固性練習(xí)，不能好高騖遠(yuǎn)，光想著一口吃個胖子。基礎(chǔ)知識掌握后，有的放失地做一些語法方面的專項練習(xí)和考試題型的專題練習(xí)。特別提倡同學(xué)們準(zhǔn)備一本“錯題集”，把平時做錯的具有代表性的試題或語言點記錄下來，以備將來查漏補(bǔ)缺，這樣對知識的掌握可以達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。英語是一種語言，不是記住了單詞、詞組、句型和語法項目就是把它學(xué)好了，關(guān)鍵在于使用語言，所以在學(xué)習(xí)英語時一定要注意聽、說、讀、寫、譯全面發(fā)展。英語學(xué)習(xí)首先是一個記憶過程，然后才是實踐過程。學(xué)習(xí)英語，無論如何，勤奮是不可少的，它是一個日積月累的漸進(jìn)過程，是沒有任何捷徑可走的，也沒有所謂“速成”的靈丹妙方，急于求成，不做踏實工作，是學(xué)不好英語的。任何成功的獲得都要靠自己的努力，要踏踏實實、勤勤懇懇、兢兢業(yè)業(yè)、一步一個腳印地學(xué)習(xí)，端正態(tài)度，認(rèn)真對待學(xué)習(xí)中的挫折和失敗。失敗并不可怕，可怕的是對自己喪失信心而一蹶不振。對考試的失敗，冷靜分析，認(rèn)真思考，只要對勝利充滿信心，善于總結(jié)經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，不斷努力，不斷追求，勝利一定是屬于你們的

第四篇：概括練習(xí)

一、概括下面一段材料的主要內(nèi)容。（不超過48字）

①鈦合金強(qiáng)度大，重量輕，耐熱性能好，適用于船只、汽車、航空航天工業(yè)，被人們視為未來材料。②然而，鈦合金的加工難度極大，如加工一個鈦合金船用渦輪壓縮機(jī)輪需要50個小時，而加工一個鋁合金的同樣部件僅需5個小時。③德國布倫瑞克大學(xué)的科學(xué)家采用了一種專門熱處理方法，將氫原子滲入材料，摻氫的鈦合金相對軟化。④對軟化的鈦合金進(jìn)行切削加工，加工設(shè)備所承受的機(jī)械和熱負(fù)載明顯降低，切削力僅需過去的50%，大大降低了加工成本。⑤加工完畢后，再經(jīng)專門的熱處理工序，材料的特性則回到原先狀態(tài)。⑥科學(xué)家稱，該方法非常適用于大批量的鈦合金鑄件加工。

二、依據(jù)下面這則報道的信息要點，概括主要內(nèi)容。（不超過20個字）

為防止一些質(zhì)量低劣的國外大學(xué)和跨國皮包公司招搖撞騙侵害我國自費留學(xué)生的利益，教育部考試中心近日決定，今后將定期向社會公布信譽(yù)良好，并經(jīng)所在國政府機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)的國外院校名單。

據(jù)了解，該中心已公布了澳大利亞、加拿大、新西蘭、新加坡等國符合要求的高等院校名單，近期還將公布英國、法國、德國和日本等國的高校名單。這些院校都經(jīng)過所在國政 府機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)，具有學(xué)位教育資格。由這些院校頒發(fā)的學(xué)士、碩士和博士學(xué)位證書，所在國政府和中國教育部都認(rèn)可。另外，教育部留學(xué)服務(wù)中心近期還將公布經(jīng)各國教育機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)、具有辦學(xué)資格的語言學(xué)校、職業(yè)學(xué)校以及技術(shù)學(xué)院的名單。由于我國政府不鼓勵中小學(xué)生出國留學(xué)，因此，有關(guān)部門將不提供國外中小學(xué)學(xué)校名單。

三、用一句話概括以下一則新聞的要點。（不超過30個字）

據(jù)英國廣播公司報道，德國漢堡大學(xué)的天文學(xué)家在銀河系中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆已有140億年歷史的恒星，它的形成能夠追溯到宇宙形成的初期。這顆恒星被編號為HE0107--5240，其罕見之處在于：與其他歷史稍短的恒星不同，它完全是由宇宙大爆炸時產(chǎn)生的幾種簡單元素組成的，是迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一顆不含金屬元素的恒星。

四、根據(jù)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部在新聞發(fā)布會上所傳出信息的要點（包括價格變動狀況），概括其主要內(nèi)容。（不超過22個字）

今年2月28日上午，信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部召開的新聞發(fā)布會上傳出信息：從3月 1日起，在基本不增加用戶負(fù)擔(dān)的前提下，電話通話費每三分鐘低于0．1 6元的，調(diào)整到0．16元；高于0．22元的，降到0．22元。固定電話初裝費指導(dǎo)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)降為500元至1000元，移動電話入網(wǎng)費指導(dǎo)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)降為500元至 1500元；住宅用戶同址安裝兩部以上電話，從第二部起不再收取初裝費。與電信收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)整的同時，郵資也進(jìn)行了調(diào)整：平信、印刷品今后按本埠與外埠區(qū)別收費，不超重的本埠平信由每20克0．50元提高到0．60元，外埠由每20克0．50元提高到0．80元。

五、用一句話概括以下一則新聞的要點。

據(jù)報道，我國國家圖書館浩瀚的館藏古籍中，僅卷“敦煌遺書”就有5000余米長卷需要修復(fù)，而國圖從事古籍修復(fù)的專業(yè)人員不過10人；各地圖書館、博物館收藏的古籍文獻(xiàn)共計3000萬冊，殘損情況也相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重，亟待搶救性修復(fù)，但全國的古 籍修復(fù)人才總共還不到百人，以這樣少的人數(shù)去完成如此浩大的修復(fù)工程，即使也夜以繼日地工作也需要近千年。

練習(xí)：

1、請用一句話概括下列新聞的主要內(nèi)容。（字?jǐn)?shù)在15個字之內(nèi)）

央行的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明，到2月份我國糧食價格已連續(xù)4個月小幅回升。分析師估計，今年國內(nèi)主要糧食的價格水平可能會持續(xù)走高。據(jù)國內(nèi)媒體對全國832個縣7萬多農(nóng)戶3月初種植意向的調(diào)查，今年全國稻谷、小麥和玉米等谷物品播種面積繼續(xù)減少，只有豆類品種播種面積增加，這將對今年的糧價水平有一定影響。《揚(yáng)子晚報》

2、請用一句話概括下列新聞的主要內(nèi)容。（不超過20字）

新華網(wǎng)北京3月7日電（記者汪涌）北京奧組委將向參加“北京2008”中小學(xué)生奧林匹克教育計劃的中小學(xué)提供5至10元的低價位門票，讓來自全國各地的學(xué)生代表親臨奧運盛會，分享奧運歡樂。

新華社記者7日從北京奧組委獲悉，奧林匹克教育計劃門票由奧組委門票銷售部門根據(jù)奧組委執(zhí)委會的決定，從奧運會比賽整體門票銷售中劃出一定場次和比例的門票作為奧林匹克教育計劃門票。

這類門票是面向參加“北京2008”中小學(xué)生奧林匹克教育計劃的中小學(xué)有組織銷售的低價位門票。門票價格統(tǒng)一為：預(yù)賽階段比賽每張5元，決賽階段比賽每張10元。決賽階段比賽是指決賽和半決賽比賽場次，其余為預(yù)賽場次。

3、請用一句話概括下列新聞的主要內(nèi)容。（不超過20字）

教育部日前透露，從今春開始，將在農(nóng)村中小學(xué)建立部分科目免費教科書的循環(huán)使用制度。

教育部有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人介紹，對從2008年春季學(xué)期起循環(huán)使用的教科書，只對學(xué)校進(jìn)行配備，由學(xué)生在本學(xué)期使用，學(xué)期結(jié)束時歸還學(xué)校，供下一級學(xué)生使用。為保證循環(huán)科目教材的質(zhì)量，按循環(huán)周期3年計算，中央財政每年安排這些科目教科書款的1/3左右，用于循環(huán)教科書的補(bǔ)充更新。同時鼓勵地方課程免費教材也實行循環(huán)使用。

納入循環(huán)使用的教科書包括：小學(xué)的《科學(xué)》、《音樂》、《美術(shù)》(或《藝術(shù)》)、《信息技術(shù)》；初中的《音樂》、《美術(shù)》(或《藝術(shù)》)、《體育與健康》、《信息技術(shù)》。

4、用一句話概括下面這則新聞的內(nèi)容，且不超過25個字。

AOL、Earth Link、微軟和雅虎四家公司聯(lián)合舉行了一次記者招待會。AOL執(zhí)行副總裁蘭德爾在會上指出：“我們要宣布一個史無前例的決定，這次大規(guī)模起訴是我們各家公司發(fā)現(xiàn)和跟蹤垃圾郵件制造者的成果展示，下一步就是讓他們徹底失去發(fā)送垃圾郵件的能力。”

Earth Link副總裁萊斯也在記者招待會上說：‘我們聯(lián)合起來的目的只有一個，就是消滅垃圾郵件，垃圾郵件正在毀滅我們最為重要的通信工具。”

微軟發(fā)言人則認(rèn)為對所有的被告進(jìn)行處罰實行起來有些困難，這其中存在一些技術(shù)上的難題。在對有的垃圾郵件跟蹤后發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們甚至來自阿根廷、印度、立陶宛、俄羅斯和南非等國家。不過，雅虎所起訴的幾個被告都是非常確定的，公司律師馬特稱他們將為自己的行為付出代價。

專家表示，隨著反垃圾郵件工具普及，進(jìn)入用戶郵箱內(nèi)的垃圾數(shù)量將逐漸下降，一些垃圾郵件發(fā)送者將因為壓力沉重、回報減少而不得不罷手。

5、請將下面一段文字的主要內(nèi)容概括出來（不超過25字）。

新華網(wǎng)上海12月３１日電 上海市農(nóng)委和市統(tǒng)計部門預(yù)測，2005年上海農(nóng)村居民家庭人均可支配收入可達(dá)8100元，與上年相比增長10%左右。

據(jù)《勞動報》報道，上海市政府新聞發(fā)言人焦揚(yáng)在日前舉行的例行發(fā)布會上公布了這一消息。明年上海農(nóng)村居民可支配收入目標(biāo)已確定，要求增幅繼續(xù)保持在8%以上，人均達(dá)到8750元左右。

焦揚(yáng)說，今年以來，上海各有關(guān)方面積極貫徹落實惠農(nóng)政策，收到了明顯效果。為了實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村居民明年增收的目標(biāo)，上海有關(guān)部門將大力推進(jìn)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步完善惠農(nóng)政策，深化農(nóng)村改革，推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌。

6、請用一句話概括下面這則新聞所報道的核心內(nèi)容。（不超過25字）。

新華網(wǎng)北京2005年11月26日電 在26日北京人民大會堂舉行的慶祝神舟六號載人航天飛行圓滿成功大會上，溫家寶宣讀《中共中央國務(wù)院中央軍委關(guān)于授予費俊龍、聶海勝同志“英雄航天員”榮譽(yù)稱號并頒發(fā)“航天功勛獎?wù)隆钡臎Q定》，稱贊費俊龍、聶海勝是航天科技戰(zhàn)線的杰出代表。

決定說，神舟六號載人航天飛行的圓滿成功，凝聚著所有參加工程研制、試驗、建設(shè)的科學(xué)家、工程技術(shù)人員和航天員的指揮、心血和汗水。費俊龍、聶海勝作為執(zhí)行神舟六號航天飛行任務(wù)的航天員，不畏艱險、堅毅果敢，勝利完成了黨和人民賦予的神圣使命，為表彰他們?yōu)橹袊教焓聵I(yè)作出的卓越貢獻(xiàn)，中共中央、國務(wù)院、中央軍委決定，授予費俊龍、聶海勝“英雄航天員”榮譽(yù)稱號，并頒發(fā)“航天功勛獎?wù)隆薄?/p>

第五篇：消息概括練習(xí)

[教學(xué)要點]：掌握壓縮語段的知識點，明確解題思路，做一定量的鞏回練習(xí)。

[教學(xué)過程]

一、知識點解說

1、壓縮語段復(fù)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵點：一是明確標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，二是辨析信息，三是恰當(dāng)表達(dá)。

2、壓縮語段的解題思路：一是審題干，明要求；二是審語段，析義理；三是審話題，立主體；四是審語體，定表達(dá)。

二、鞏固練習(xí)

1、請用一句話概括下面一段話的內(nèi)容。（不超過10個字）瑟瑟秋風(fēng)從高挑的枝頭剝落我（秋葉），為祖國而死，這也是最美的命運；落葉歸根，落葉歸土，我會面向土地而飄蕩自己的靈魂。我的面孔枯黃憔悴了，甚至我的莖項也開始霉?fàn)€，但我終身不悔，也不哀傷，因為我的青春已化為同伴的光澤，即使我在寒風(fēng)中離開枝頭，也決不離開大樹生長的土地。

答：。

2、將下面一則消息改為一句話新聞。（不超過22字）

最近，在安徽樅陽縣湯溝鎮(zhèn)出了樁新鮮事，全鎮(zhèn)有九成農(nóng)戶在建造新房時，還建了專用的書房，添置了書柜、寫字臺等，為孩子們創(chuàng)造了良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。該鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)民深深懂得：醫(yī)治貧窮先要醫(yī)治愚昧，醫(yī)治愚昧必須重視文化。過去，許多農(nóng)民種莊稼、養(yǎng)魚蝦，吃盡了缺少文化、不懂科學(xué)的苦頭。他們讀不懂書報，掌握不了新技術(shù)和市場信息，無法提高產(chǎn)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。因此，他們逐漸注重智力投資，決心把子女培養(yǎng)成有文化、有道德、適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一代新人。

答：

3、用一句話概括下面一則新聞（不超過30個字）。

（新華社多哈11月10日電）卡塔爾首都多哈當(dāng)?shù)貢r間10日18時30分，在喜來登酒店薩爾瓦會議大廳，世貿(mào)組織第四屆部長級會議主席、卡塔爾財政、經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易大臣卡邁勒宣布：大會開始討論下一個重要議題——中國加入世貿(mào)組織問題。世貿(mào)組織中國工作組主席吉拉德向大會報告工作組的工作，并向大會提交了部長級會議《關(guān)于中國加入世貿(mào)組織的決定》草案，請大會審議和通過。

在沒有任何反對意見的情況下，會議主席卡邁勒手中擊槌輕落，標(biāo)志著中國長達(dá)15年復(fù)關(guān)和加入世貿(mào)組織進(jìn)程的結(jié)束，宣告了一個歷史性時刻的誕生。坐在主席臺上的世貿(mào)組織總干事穆爾等首先起立鼓掌表示祝賀；接著，中國代表團(tuán)全體成員起立鼓掌，全場700多名與會代表也紛紛站起來，熱烈鼓掌。

在中國政府代表簽署中國加入世貿(mào)組織議定書，并向世貿(mào)組織秘書處遞交中國加入世貿(mào)組織批準(zhǔn)書30天后，中國將正式成為世貿(mào)組織成員。概括：。

4、閱讀下面材料，請將洗郵票的具體過程進(jìn)行壓縮，不超過25個字。

（1）郵票，這個小小的方寸之地，包羅萬象，無奇不有，愛好集郵的人更是不計其數(shù)。（2）少年朋友們，在我們的集郵冊里，雖然有一部分是新郵票，可大多數(shù)還是蓋戳郵票——用過的郵票吧！（3）在你把郵票從信封上揭下，直到放到集郵冊里的中間，還有不少講究呢！（4）首先要看看郵票的品相，有沒有污點，有沒有皺褶。（5）剪的時候，要把四邊留出半厘米的邊，不然的話，揭時就容易撕壞。（6）然后把剪好的郵票放進(jìn)盛有清水的臉盆里，浸泡15分鐘左右，就可以揭了。（7）如果有的郵票粘得比較牢固，就用溫水澆一下，千萬不能用熱水，因為用熱水一燙，郵票就會掉色，弄臟票面。（8）把揭下的郵票貼在臉盆壁上控一控水，要是郵票的背膠太多了，要用指甲刮掉，粘在盆壁上就不好辦了。（9）待水分稍稍控干之后，再把郵票一一放到吸水紙上。（10）吸水不能用報紙，因為報紙上有油墨，會把郵票弄臟。（11）最好用柔軟、吸水力強(qiáng)的白紙。（12）郵票里的水分完全干了，就算洗好了。（13）這時你就可以用鑷子把郵票放到集郵冊里去了。

答：。

5、為下面這則報告，寫一條“一句話新聞”（20字以內(nèi)）。

王建章在外經(jīng)貿(mào)部和信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部聯(lián)合舉辦的“移動通信行業(yè)配套合作與發(fā)展國際研討會”上發(fā)表講話。在談到移動通信產(chǎn)品國產(chǎn)化配套問題時，他表示，目前國內(nèi)尤其是元器件生產(chǎn)具備一定基礎(chǔ)，今后的主要工作是對整機(jī)配套急需的元器件進(jìn)行重點部署。王建章透露，國家將從今年600億元債券中拿出4億元支持此配套工程的完成，希望國內(nèi)外廠家建立關(guān)系，可通過技術(shù)引進(jìn)方式，也可合資合作，強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)合，在中國本土生產(chǎn)，使移動通信產(chǎn)品國產(chǎn)化配套率在2005年超過50%。

答：。

6、用一句話概括下段消息中的主要意思。（不超過30字）

近幾年來，關(guān)于中國文化，主要是中國傳統(tǒng)文化，或者說是以中國文化為基礎(chǔ)的東方文化，將成為21世紀(jì)的主導(dǎo)文化及21世紀(jì)將成為中國文化或東方文化的世紀(jì)的觀點，十分流行。西方一些學(xué)者也持有此類觀點。對此我則持懷疑態(tài)度。答：。

7、用一句話表述下面語段的主要意思（不超過25個字）。

在輕輕蕩漾著的溪流的兩岸，滿是高過馬頭的野花，紅、黃、藍(lán)、白、紫，五彩繽紛，像綿延的織綿那么華麗，像天邊的彩霞那么耀眼，像高空的長虹那么絢爛。答：。

8、將下面這段文字壓縮到25個字以下。

醞釀已久的個人存款賬戶實名制終于頒布實施，這標(biāo)志著我國個人存款管理制度日趨向國際慣例靠攏。個人存款實名制是指居民個人到金融機(jī)構(gòu)辦理儲蓄存款時，必須使用真名，并出示個人法定身份證件。此項制度的實施，是我國個人存款賬戶管理制度的一項重要變革，涉及千家萬戶的利益。從全省各地傳來的信息看，個人存款賬戶實名制在我省受到普遍歡迎，絕大多數(shù)儲戶對這一制度的實施表示支持和擁護(hù)。

答：。

9、閱讀下面兩段文字，概括成30字以內(nèi)的一句話。

塞內(nèi)加爾近四十年來經(jīng)濟(jì)增長達(dá)到了5.6%，通貨膨脹率下降到了3%以下。反對派指責(zé)說，這些數(shù)字掩蓋了900萬塞內(nèi)加爾人生活困難的現(xiàn)實。現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的好轉(zhuǎn)還沒有給老百姓帶來好處，所以在社會生活方面出現(xiàn)了緊張氣氛。總統(tǒng)說塞內(nèi)加爾的生活質(zhì)量“有了明顯的改善”，并說已成功地給塞內(nèi)加爾的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)“重新注入了活力”，反對派指責(zé)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)后退到了世界排名第156位，人民的生活水平在貧困線以下，特別是在農(nóng)村地區(qū)以及大城市郊區(qū)的人更是貧困，人民普遍反對政府。答：。

參考答案：

1、落葉歸根，回報大地。

2、安徽樅陽縣湯溝鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)民重視智力投資。

3、薩爾瓦會議上，卡邁勒宣布中國加入世貿(mào)組織。

4、溫水浸泡后揭下，刮膠后在盆壁上控水，用凈紙吸干。

5、國家將撥款四億元支持移動通信配套。

6、我對中國傳統(tǒng)文化將成為21世紀(jì)主導(dǎo)性文化的觀點持懷疑態(tài)度。

7、溪流的兩岸高過馬頭的野花，繽紛華麗，絢爛耀眼。

8、個人存款實名制頒布實施，在我省受到普遍歡迎。

9、賽內(nèi)加爾經(jīng)濟(jì)雖然好轉(zhuǎn)，但反對派與政府依然對立，社會關(guān)系緊張。

三、課堂總結(jié)

壓縮語段的備考，功夫在課外。平時，要加強(qiáng)閱讀中信息篩選、要點提取、主題概括等訓(xùn)練。看一則報道，想一想標(biāo)題是怎樣統(tǒng)攝全篇的，想一想導(dǎo)語是怎樣領(lǐng)起主體的，或者試著寫一句話新聞，試著擬一個標(biāo)題，試著寫一個導(dǎo)語等。

解此類題要抓核、分層、明度、懂法。壓縮語段首先要確認(rèn)語段內(nèi)聚的核，這是關(guān)鍵；然后分層，就是將語段分成若干個層次，用層意的“交集”合成；接著明度，明確字?jǐn)?shù)的限制；最后是懂法，依據(jù)法則壓縮（留：保留或摘錄能表明中心內(nèi)容的詞句；刪：刪除冗余信息；簡：簡化句子或句意；改：改換簡潔說法）。

閱讀下列通訊，思考并回答問題。

（一）鏖戰(zhàn)最前線

①冰災(zāi)最嚴(yán)重的地方幾乎都是高高的山梁，雪凍山川，滿山的松針上都凝滿了樹掛，這是南方人難得一見的奇觀。但此時凝凍的冰雪也覆上了電力線路。按照承受覆冰3厘米厚度設(shè)計的線路，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)承受著近10倍的壓力。倒桿、斷線、傾塔，山上的電力設(shè)施一片狼藉。

②在抗冰搶險一線，近凌晨兩點，公司抗冰搶險主要負(fù)責(zé)人手機(jī)上還收到總經(jīng)理姜洪東的兩條短信：“明天霧大，注意行車安全。” “近期電網(wǎng)恢復(fù)任務(wù)艱巨，要靠前主動協(xié)調(diào)，關(guān)心、關(guān)注工作動態(tài)、員工思想、生活情況。創(chuàng)造一切條件全力做好生產(chǎn)、生活、后勤保障。”此時正是公司電網(wǎng)抗冰搶險任務(wù)最艱巨的日子。而此刻總經(jīng)理姜洪東的腦子里還在思考搶修工作的整體部署，安全是重點、質(zhì)量是重點、進(jìn)度是重點。但是物資調(diào)運、人員配備、政府協(xié)調(diào)??每一項的疏忽都有可能影響到整體工作，考慮再細(xì)致點，真正讓一線工作不因協(xié)調(diào)不到位而耽誤。他已經(jīng)不再是電力企業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，而是千千萬萬奮戰(zhàn)在抗冰搶險一線的戰(zhàn)士中的一員。

③在抗冰搶險一線，搶險指揮部里的年味早已被戰(zhàn)斗的硝煙驅(qū)散。自抗冰救災(zāi)保供電的仗打響以來，指揮部的同志已經(jīng)連續(xù)半個月鏖戰(zhàn)在此。這里，每天有幾十個故障′點的搶修任務(wù)要部署要落實，各條“戰(zhàn)線”的故障搶修進(jìn)展要統(tǒng)籌要協(xié)調(diào)。

④在抗冰搶險一線，隨處都能看見一隊隊搶險隊員迎冰而上的感人身影。搶險隊員們在深山中趟著深雪，在沒膝的泥漿中艱難地前進(jìn)。即使身上已經(jīng)穿上了厚厚的冰衣，即使手腳已經(jīng)完全麻木，他們?nèi)砸挂岳^日地前進(jìn)，白天巡線、除冰，盡快查出故障點，防止沒有受損的線路再因冰凍遭受損害。夜晚他們在點點燈火下統(tǒng)計搶險所需物資，與時間爭分奪秒。

⑤在抗冰搶險一線，輕傷不下火線成為大家的共識，輸電所王斌因病流血不止，但是怎么也勸不下一線。他說：“我是隊長，如果這時我下了會寒了弟兄們的心。”東山供電所楊永坤在搶險路上不慎摔傷，嚴(yán)重挫傷軟組織，但才把他送回家，他又自己跑回所里請戰(zhàn)。他說：“多一個人多一份力量，我年輕，沒事。”還有掛傷、碰傷、拉肚子、感冒、發(fā)燒的，這一群默默奉獻(xiàn)的勇士，他們的傷，我們甚至都不了解。他們不向組織請假，一直堅守在抗冰的第一線。

⑥在抗冰搶險一線。變電站里充滿了嚴(yán)肅的氣氛，修試所變電檢修人員和變電站值班人員一起維護(hù)著變電站各設(shè)備的運行。冰凌災(zāi)害的近半個月，變電站人員共完成976次操作，無一差錯。修試所共處理缺陷9個，行程近千公里。

⑦在抗冰搶險一線，處處都能看見帶著紅色袖套安全員的身影。他們常是迎著寒風(fēng)，扯著嗓子提醒各地施工人員，他們常是冒著風(fēng)雪，不斷地在各個工作點來回穿梭，每天他們翻過無數(shù)個深溝，爬上無數(shù)的陡坡，穿過無數(shù)荊棘叢。施工完成時，他們走的路已近⒛公里。耳朵上的凍瘡、腳上的水皰、嗓子失聲成了安全員的標(biāo)志。他們說“我們要讓大家成為抗冰的英雄，而不是搶險的烈士。”

⑧在抗冰搶險一線，隨時都能聽見搶險隊員說“讓我上吧”。年輕的解釋說，天氣冷，我年輕耐凍，我年輕力氣大。年紀(jì)長點的解釋說，我經(jīng)驗豐富點，安全些。大家都想把苦活累活往自己身上扛。在一線隨時都能聽見隊長大聲罵喊：“你給我下來。”大家都想多做點，讓隊友們輕松點。輸電所三隊隊長翟雄的抱怨里充滿著深深的疼愛，“那些臭小子會凍壞的。”

⑨在抗冰搶險一線，我們還有一群默默無聞的線路守護(hù)衛(wèi)士，他們盤立在寒冷的風(fēng)雪中，他們頂住冰凌的侵襲，24小時堅守在公司線路與貴昆鐵路交界點。如果說那一基基電桿鐵塔上的隊員是一線的沖鋒戰(zhàn)士，那么他們就是寒風(fēng)中堅強(qiáng)的衛(wèi)士。

⑩他們堅守在風(fēng)雪肆虐的山間，堅守在漆黑無垠的深夜，堅守在每一個需要他們的地方。寒風(fēng)、雨水、冰凌輪流夾擊，鐵人變成了冰人，但冰人依然是鐵人。盡管他們的臉被凍得發(fā)紫，手腳也不聽使喚，但還是一次次爬上高高的桿塔，一次次伸出凍僵的雙手。他們艱難地把自己綁扎在電桿鐵塔上，敲擊冰凌、更換受損橫擔(dān)、安裝瓷瓶，他們在高空電桿上工作的身影，永遠(yuǎn)定格在渴望光明的人們心間。——摘自網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊報道，有刪改

1、本篇通訊描畫了一組抗冰搶險英雄的群像，請簡要概述英雄們的主要事跡。（4分）

答案：①公司總經(jīng)理姜洪東整體部署，細(xì)致考慮，把握全局；②搶險指揮部里的同志落實部署，統(tǒng)籌、協(xié)調(diào)；③搶險隊員迎冰而上，與時間爭分奪秒；④一線隊員輕傷不下火線，堅守在抗冰第一線；⑤一線隊員苦活累活搶著干；⑥各條戰(zhàn)線人員堅守崗位，認(rèn)真履行職責(zé)。

（每點1分，任答出其中四點給滿分4分）

2、點面結(jié)合是通訊常用的表現(xiàn)手法，試舉例簡析其在本文中的作用。（5分）賞析方法： 概括點、面材料，說明結(jié)合方式，分析作用好處 點面結(jié)合的作用：

①有點有面，全面而深入地反映事物，突出特征，更具感染力；②材料多樣，富于變化，增強(qiáng)可讀性；③便于讀者形成全面完整印象，增強(qiáng)說服力

3、結(jié)合本文，探究電力系統(tǒng)取得抗冰搶險戰(zhàn)斗勝利的原因。（6分）

答案：①單位主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運籌帷幄，統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)，周密部署，細(xì)致考慮；②基層干部以身作則，作出表率，與一線隊員打成一片；

③一線隊員勇敢拼搏、迎難而上，堅守崗位，認(rèn)真履行職責(zé)。

（一點2分，共6分）

（二）擦鞋者說

《人民日報》記者 龔永泉

南京有一個“郭師傅擦鞋店”，別人擦鞋1元一雙，這里卻要2 元，可生意依然紅火。

來到位于莫愁新寓的這家小店，可見門口醒目的牌子上寫著五六個服務(wù)項目和價格，還有兩句話，一句是廣告：“足下生輝，走出風(fēng)采”；一句是店規(guī)：“以誠信立基，做良心事業(yè)”。店里鞋架上放滿了擦過或待擦的皮鞋。

郭師傅名叫郭兆松，41歲，一家三口都在這兒擦鞋，去年毛收入10萬元。他一邊擦鞋一邊與我交談：

有人問我，別人擦鞋都只要1塊錢，你為什么要兩塊？我說，這叫優(yōu)質(zhì)優(yōu)價！同是皮鞋，有幾十元的，還有上千元的不是？

我是安徽固鎮(zhèn)人，1991年舉家來南京打工，搬運工、收破爛都干過，活不輕，錢不多。有一天，在鬧市區(qū)看到一字排開的擦鞋攤，生意還不錯，便悄悄在旁邊看，一連看了5天，一位好心的師傅收我當(dāng)了徒弟。我也成了“擦鞋游擊隊”的一員。

2001年，在一位城管隊員的幫助下，我租了間7平方米的門面，月租800元，做起了定點生意。剛開始，擦一雙鞋1塊錢，沒有多少生意，急得直上火。暗下決心：凡事要用心，雖說是擦鞋，也要擦出點名堂來！以我的經(jīng)驗，鞋油都是一樣的，差別就在鞋蠟上。我就琢磨自己配，成份有蛋清、鞋乳、白醋等。那些日子，我是白天試，晚上想，覺睡不實，飯吃不香。經(jīng)過近百次試驗，終于達(dá)到了滿意的效果。我清楚地記得，那是2003年11月6日，晚上我一人喝了8兩白酒，盡興地醉了一回：咱也有“獨門秘方”了！自從用了自配的鞋蠟，生意一天比一天好。有一天，我在理發(fā)店理發(fā)，看到染發(fā)的要用電吹風(fēng)吹，靈機(jī)一動：擦鞋也可用電吹風(fēng)呀！現(xiàn)在，我擦鞋都加一道吹干程序。剛擦過的鞋，你端一盆水往上澆，一滴不沾！這樣的效果，收2元錢不多吧？

你問我下一步的打算？我這店也算有了點小名氣，我想讓妻子和兒子留在這里干，我找個地方再開新店。現(xiàn)在城里人有錢沒時間，穿皮鞋的越來越多，自己擦鞋的越來越少，市場大得很！編后

生意有大小，創(chuàng)新無分別。與多數(shù)企業(yè)比起來，一家擦鞋店微不足道，更談不上有什么“國家扶持”。但郭師傅在擦鞋中肯動腦筋，小革新照樣出效益。從這個事例中，我們是不是可以悟出一點創(chuàng)新的道理呢？（選自《人民日報》2006年3月19日 第一版）

1、這篇短短的通訊用了許多數(shù)字。請舉例說說作者為什么要這樣寫。（4分）本題考查考生分析文本的文體基本特征和主要表現(xiàn)手法的能力。

?本文使用許多數(shù)字，如“別人擦鞋1元一雙，這里卻要2元”“毛收入10萬元”“7平方米的門面，月租800元”“經(jīng)過近百次試驗”，（僅舉一例即可）使事件表述十分具體，事實顯得確鑿可信，體現(xiàn)了新聞“真實性”的特點。

?用數(shù)字表現(xiàn)人物非常形象，如“那是2003年11月6日晚上，我一 人喝了8兩白酒”，具體的時間、酒量，凸現(xiàn)了郭兆松興奮的心情，以及研制成功鞋蠟對他的重要意義

2、文章從第五段開始，就改用第一人稱由郭兆松自述。用這種手法來寫通訊，有什么好處？（6分）本題考查考生對文本的某種特色作深度的思考和判斷的能力。

?用第一人稱自述，人物語言個性化，其口氣、用語與人物身份十分吻合，讀通訊如聞其聲，如見其人，生動形象。

?第五段開始用第一人稱自述，讓郭師傅自我表現(xiàn)、現(xiàn)身說法，這種結(jié)構(gòu)安排使通訊更具有現(xiàn)場感、親切感，顯得其內(nèi)容真實可信，更具有說服力。?用第一人稱自述，節(jié)省了許多穿插串聯(lián)的語句，行文更加凝練。

3、《人民日報》發(fā)表本文時，加上邊框排在第一版，還加上“編后”語；2006年本文又被評為十七屆中國新聞獎二等獎。這篇短短的通訊得到如此的重視，你認(rèn)為它具有哪些新聞價值？（5分）

?郭兆松生意雖小，但是他肯動腦筋，配鞋蠟，用電吹風(fēng)吹干鞋，通過這些不起眼的小革新出效益，這種創(chuàng)新精神具有新聞宣傳價值。

?盡管郭兆松不具備高學(xué)歷，原來也沒有什么技藝，但是他自強(qiáng)不息，敢于創(chuàng)業(yè)，擦鞋“也要擦出點名堂來”，還要“再開新店”，這種自立自強(qiáng)的精神十分可貴，具有榜樣的作用。?關(guān)注民生，扶持弱勢群體，是當(dāng)前構(gòu)建和諧社會的重要工作，報道郭兆松的小小擦鞋店，鼓勵普通勞動民眾自力更生，努力改善自己的生活，改變自己的命運，創(chuàng)造自己美好的未來，具有社會教育價值。（本題要求答“具有哪些新聞價值”。只答1點可得2分，答對2點可得5分。如果答“這篇通訊短小精煉，形式新穎，語言鮮明生動”可得1分。其他答案只要言之有理，可酌情給分。）