第一篇:高一英語語法倒裝句教案.
倒裝
在英語中,主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前,謂語在后。但有時由于語法或修辭的需要將謂語的部分或全部提到主語前面,這樣的語序叫做“倒裝“
倒裝的種類:部分倒裝----助動詞情態動詞+主語+謂語的實義動詞 全部倒裝----謂語+主語 一.在特殊句型中: 1.在疑問句中: eg: Is this your cell phone number? What do you prefer? 2.在感嘆句中: eg: How happy they are!What fun it is!3.在虛擬條件句中: eg: If I were a bird, I could fly freely.=……
Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money.Long live peace!May our friendship be everlasting!4.直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時;eg: “You should have been here earlier,” said the teacher.“You,” said his father, “do the housework.” 二.在以下結構中用全部倒裝: 1.在there be句型中;
eg: There are thousands of people gathering on the square.There lived an old fisherman in the village.2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+動詞+主語”的句子中,(動詞為be, go, come等;eg: Now comes my turn.There goes the bell.Then came the order to leave.3.在“out in, up down, offaway”以及表示地點的介詞詞組位于句首時;eg: Away went the crowed one by one.In came a stranger in black.Down fell the leaves.On the floor were piles of old books.注意:若主語是人稱代詞,則用正常語序----adv.+主語+謂語;eg: Out she went.Here we are.4.有時為了強調表語,構成“表語+連系動詞+主語”結構;eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!在以下結構中用部分倒裝: 1.含有否定意義的adv或conj(not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until, not only, by no means等位于句首時;eg: He cannot speak an English word.----Not an English word can he speak.I have never seen him before.----Never ……
The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.----Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.注意:not until引導的句子,主句倒裝,從句不用倒裝。
2.only位于句首,且修飾狀語時,主句倒裝;eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well.只有意識到這門課的重要,我們才能學好它。Only she can settle this problem.(TF? 3.so用在句首,表示另一主語“也”時,用“So + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞+主語”結構(有時也用as替代;若表示另一主語“也不”時,用“NorNeither + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞+主語”結構;eg: She has been to Heifei.So have we.It is cold today.So it is.(TF? She won’t accept that invitation.NeitherNor will he.注意:(1“So + 主語+ be(have,助動詞或情態動詞”表示對前面所說的話加以肯定,譯為“的確如此”;
(2若前面所說的既有肯定又有否定,或前后的謂語動詞形式不一致, 用“It is the same with + 主語”或“So it is with + 主語”;
eg: He worked hard, but didn’t pass the exam.So it was with his sister.She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching.So it is with him.4.在”as(盡管”引導的讓步狀語從句中;(可以換成though eg: Shortest though she is, she is the richest.(最高級前不用冠詞 Child as he is, he knows a lot.(單數名詞前不用a Fail as I did, I would try again.(動詞提前,助動詞留在原位
Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam.(副詞提前
5.在”so…that…”和”such…that…”句型中的so和such位于句首時,用”sosuch + adj + 主語+謂語”;
eg: So difficult was the exam that more than a half of the students failed.
第二篇:高一英語語法
一。動詞 :
1.現在進行時表將來時間
2.被動語態(1一般將來時的被動語態的構成,2現在完成時的,3現在進行時的)
二: 直接引語和間接引語:
1.陳述句(1人稱的變化,2時態的變化,3指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化)
2.疑問句
3.祈使句
三: 定語從句:
1.由關系代詞引導的定語從句
2.由關系副詞引導
3.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
高一(下)語法項目:
一: 情態動詞(1 can;could 2 may;might 3.must;have to 4 shall;should 5will;would 6 ought 7.had better)
二:動詞-ing形式
三: 主語和謂語一致
四:it的用法(1 用作人稱代詞 2 非人稱代詞 3 作形式主語或形式賓語 4 用于強調句中)
五:構詞法(1.合成 2.轉換 3.派生)
第三篇:2009年高考英語語法系列復習教案---倒裝句
2009年高考英語語法系列復習教案---倒裝句
高考倒裝句型試題:
1.____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A.Not only they brought B.Not only did they bring C.Not only brought they D.Not only they did bring 2.的Maybe you have been to many countries , but nowhere else _______such a beautiful palace.A.can you find B.you could find C.you can find D.could you find Key: BA 再看下面幾道高考題:
1.Not until the early years of the 19th century ________ what heat is.A.man did know B.man knew C.didn't man know D.did man know
2.________for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A.If it is not B.Were it not C.Had it not been D.If they were not
3.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________with each other.A.they had quarreled B.they have quarreled C.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled Key:DCC
由此,我們不難看出,“倒裝句”已成了歷屆高考考查的熱點。
“倒裝句”就是為了語法結構的需要或為了強調而把謂語的一部分或全部提到主語的前面。倒裝句有兩種:
一、部分倒裝
就是把謂語中的be動詞、助動詞或情態動詞置于主語前面。常見于下列幾種情況:
1.only所修飾的副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時。注意:only修飾主語時,不需要倒裝。
Only in this way ________to make improvement in the operating system.A.you can hope B.you did hope
C.can you hope D.did you hope
2.含有否定意義的副詞或連詞放在句首時。如:never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until, no sooner(…than), hardly(…when), rarely, scarcely, in no way等。
I finally got the work I dreamed about.Never in all my life________ so happy!
A.did I feel B.I felt C.I had felt D.had I felt
Not until I began to work________how much time I had wasted.A.didn't I realize B.did I realize C.I didn't realize D.I realized
3.在so…that, such…that句型中,若把so, such引導的結構放在句首時。
So difficult________it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.A.I've felt B.have I felt C.I did feel D.did I feel
4.省略了if的虛擬條件句中,把were, had或should放在句首時。
________it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will
5.用于形容詞/副詞/名詞/動詞+as(though)引導的讓步狀語從句中。注意:當表語為名詞時,則名詞前不加任何冠詞;主謂并不倒裝。
________, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.A.As long as I have traveled B.Now that I have traveled so much
C.Much as I have traveled D.As I have traveled so much
6.由however, no matter how引導的讓步狀語從句中,把however+形容詞/副詞,no matter how+形容詞/副詞放在句首時。
________, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A.However late is he B.However he is late
C.However is he late D.However late he is 7.幾個否定詞前置的特殊句型
1)not only…but also…句型中前一個分句部分倒裝,后一個分句不倒裝。如:
Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate this into sounds.2)Not until…句型中前面的從句不倒裝,后面的主句應采用部分倒裝。如: Not until I came back did he leave for work.Not until quite recently did I have any idea what it was like.3)No sooner…than…句型中后面的從句不倒裝,前面主句應被用部分倒裝。如: No sooner had Black got home than the phone rang.4)Neither…nor…句型中的句子均需部分倒裝。如: Neither did I know this nor did I want to.二、全部倒裝
就是把整個謂語部分放在主語之前。注意:謂語動詞的數要與后面的主語保持一致。常見于下列幾種情況:
1.把副詞so放在句首,表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或物。
I like reading English, so does he.2.把neither, nor放在句首,表示前面的否定內容也適用于另一個人或物。
-I don't think I can walk any further.-________, let's stop here for a rest.A.Neither and I B.Neither can I C.I don't think so D.I think so
3.用于地點副詞here, there,方位副詞out, in, up, down及時間副詞now, then等開頭的句子里,以示強調。注意:主語為代詞時,不能全部倒裝。
There goes the bell.Look!Here they come.4.當表示地點的介詞短語放句首時。注意:謂語多為be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物動詞;倒裝時不需要助動詞。
Under the table are three white cats.5.表語置于句首時,倒裝結構為“表語+系動詞+主語”。
(1)形容詞+系動詞+主語
Present at the meeting was Mr.Green, a headmaster.(2)過去分詞+系動詞+主語
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.(3)介詞短語+系動詞+主語
In front of the playground is a newly-built house.6.有時由于主語較長,謂語很短,為保持句子平衡,或為了強調表語或狀語,或使上下文緊密銜接時。
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.7.在一些表示祝愿的句子里。
Long live the Communist Party of China!
第四篇:倒裝句教案
《文言句式》教案
【教學目標】
1.了解高考對文言句式的要求。
2.理解和掌握與現代漢語不同的文言句式及其用法。3.通過相關練習加以鞏固和提高。
【教學重點】如何引導學生掌握辨析較復雜的文言句式的能力。【教學難點】如何引導學生掌握辨析較復雜的文言句式的能力。【教學方法】講練結合,注重積累。【教學課時】
本專題共3課時。其中講讀課1節,練習課1節,講評課1節。
二、教學過程 第1課時
一、判斷句
是對事物的性質、情況、事物之間的關系做出肯定或否定判斷的句子。文言中常用以下幾種形式表示判斷。1.用“者”或“也”表判斷。這是典型的文言判斷形式。有用“??者,?也”的,其中“者”表停頓,“也”表判斷;有單用“者” 或“也”的;也有“者也”在句尾連用的。例如:
陳勝者,陽城人也。(司馬遷《陳涉世家》)師者,所以傳道受業解惑也。(韓愈《師說》)四人者,廬陵蕭君圭君玉,長樂王回深父,??(王安石《游褒禪山記》)項脊軒,舊南閣子也。(歸有光《項脊軒志》)夫戰,勇氣也。(《左傳?曹判論戰》)蓮,花之君子者也。(周敦頤《愛蓮說》)2.用副詞“乃”“則”“即”“皆”等表判斷。這種形式也較為多見。例如: 當立者乃公子扶蘇。(司馬遷《陳涉世家》)此則岳陽樓之大觀也。(范仲淹《岳陽樓記》)即今之全然在墓者也。(張溥《五人墓碑記》)夫六國與秦皆諸侯。(蘇洵《六國論》)3.用動詞“為”“是”表判斷。其中“是”表判斷,要注意和用作代詞的“是”的區別。例如:
故今之墓中全乎為五人也。(張溥《五人墓碑記》)如今人方為刀俎,我為魚肉,何辭為?(司馬遷《鴻門宴》)問今是何世,乃不知有漢,無論魏晉。(陶淵明《桃花源記》)巨是凡人,偏在遠郡,行將為人所并。(司馬光《赤壁之戰》)石之鏗然有聲者,所在皆是也。(代詞,這樣)(蘇軾《石鐘山記》)同行十二年,不知木蘭是女郎。(《木蘭詩》)4.用否定副詞“非”等表示否定的判斷。例如:
六國破滅,非兵不利,戰不善,弊在賂秦(蘇洵《六國論》)城非不高也,池非不深也,兵革非不堅利也??(《孟子?得道多助,失道寡助》
5.直接表示判斷。既不用判斷詞,也不用語氣詞,通過語意直接表示判斷。例如:
劉備天下梟雄。(司馬光《赤壁之戰》)劉豫州王室之胃。(同上)其句式有如下幾種表示法:
“......者,......也。”這是文言判斷句最常見的形式。主語后用“者”,表示提頓,有舒緩語氣的作用,謂語后用“也”結句,對主語加以肯定的判斷或解說。如:“陳涉者,陽城人也。”(《史記.了涉世家》)
“......,......也。”判斷句中,有時“者”和“也”不一定同時出現,一般省略“者”,只用“也”表判斷。如:“操雖托名漢相,其實漢賊也。”(《資治通鑒》)
“......者,......。”有的判斷句,只在主語后用“者”表示提頓,這種情況不常見。如:“四人者,廬陵蕭君圭君玉,長樂王回深父,余弟安國平父,安上純父。”(王安石《游褒禪山記》)“......者也。”在句末連用語氣詞“者也”,表示加強肯定語氣,這時的“者”不表示提頓,只起稱代作用。這種判斷句,在文言文中也比較常見。如:“城北徐公,齊國之美麗者也。”(《戰國策.齊策》)無標志判斷句。文言文中的判斷句有的沒有任何標志,直接由名詞對名詞作出判斷。如:“劉備天下梟雄。”(《赤壁之戰》)需要注意的是,判斷句中謂語前出現的“是”一般都不是判斷詞,而是指示代詞,作判斷句的主語.二、被動句
被動句主要有兩大類型:一是有標志的被動句,即借助一些被動詞來表示,二是無標志的被動句,又叫意念被動句。被動句是表示被動意義的句子。文言中,常常借助一些介詞表示被動。
1.用介詞“于”“受??于??”表被動(“于”引出動作的主動者)。例如: 則今之高爵顯位,一旦抵罪,或脫身以逃,不能容于遠近。(張溥《五人墓碑記》)六藝經傳皆通習之,不拘于時,學于余。(韓愈《師說》)吾不能舉全吳之地,十萬之眾,受制于人。(司馬光《赤壁之戰》)2.用“為”“為??所??”(“為”引出動作的主動者)或“??為所??”表被動。例如:
及其衰也,數十伶人困之,而身死國滅,為天下笑。(歐陽修《伶官傳序》)吳廣素愛人,士卒多為用者。(司馬遷《陳涉世家》)今不速往,恐為操所先。(司馬光《赤壁之戰》)有如此之勢,而為秦人積威之所劫。(蘇洵《六國論》)不者,若屬皆且為所虜。(司馬遷《鴻門宴》)3.用“見”“見??于??”表被動(“于”引出動作的主動者)。例如: 吾長見笑于大方之家。(《莊子?秋水》)“見”有一種特殊用法,和表被動的“見”的形式很相近,如:“冀君實或見恕也。”(《答司馬諫議書》)這里的“見”不表被動,它是在動詞前,表示對自己怎么樣的客氣說法,像現代漢語中的“見諒”等那為此種用法。4.用介詞“被”表被動。例如:
予猶記周公之被逮。(張溥《五人墓碑記》)
5.無標志的被動句,這種情況是指沒有被動詞的被動句。動詞本身表被動。這是意念上的被動句,需要根據上下文來判別。例如:
“荊州之民附操者,逼兵勢耳。”(《資治通鑒》)這里的“逼兵勢”是“被兵勢所逼”的意思。
三、省略句
常見的有以下幾種情形:
1、省略主語有承前面的主語省略,有呼應下文省略,在對話中也常常省略主語。(1)承前省。如:永州之野產異蛇,(蛇)黑質而白章;(蛇)觸草木,(草木)盡死;(蛇)以嚙人,(人)無御之者。
(2)承后省。如:“沛公謂張良曰:‘(公)度我至軍中,公乃入。(3)自述省。如:“(予)愛是溪,(予)得其尤絕者家焉。”
(4)對話省。如:“(孟子)曰:‘獨樂樂,與人樂樂,孰樂?’(王)曰:‘不若與人。’”
2、省略謂語謂語是句子里最重要的成分,一般是不能省略的。但在特定情況下也有承接上文、呼應下文或因對話而省略的。
如:“擇其善者而從之,(擇)其不善者而改之。”(《論語》六則)“夫戰,勇也氣。一鼓作氣,再(鼓)而衰,三(鼓)而竭??。
3、省略賓語的省略有兩種情況:省略動詞的賓語和省略介詞的賓語。如:“以相如功大,拜(之)為上卿。”(《廉頗藺相如列傳》)“豎子不足與(之)謀!”(《鴻門宴》)鄭穆公使(人)視客館。
屠懼,投(之)以骨。(《狼》)
在文言文中,介詞“以”、“為”、“與”的賓語“之”往承上文省略。在譯成現代漢語時,省略了的動詞賓語或介詞賓語要補充出來。
4、省略介詞 在文言文中,介詞“于”和“以”常被省略。“賜之(以)彘肩。”
死馬且買之(以)五百金,況生馬乎?
臣與將軍戮力而攻秦,將軍戰(于)河南,臣戰(于)河北。譯為現代漢語時,省略了的介詞也要補充出來。
5、修飾語和中心詞的省略。如:
吾妻之美我者,私我也;(吾)妾之美我者,畏我也;(吾)客之美我者,欲有求于我也。[修飾語的省略] 行一不義(事),殺一無罪(人),而得天下,不為也。[中心詞的省略]
四、倒裝句(賓語前置;狀語后置;定語后置;主語后置)
(一)、賓語前置
1.否定句中代詞賓語前置
這類賓語前置,要具備兩個條件:一是賓語必須是代詞;二是必須是否定句,由“不”、“未”、“毋”、“莫”等否定詞表示。“三歲貫汝,莫我肯顧。” 忌不自信。
然而不王者,未之有也。古之人不余欺也!
是以后世無傳焉,臣未之聞也。《齊桓晉文之事》〈孟子〉 保民而王,莫之能御也。《齊桓晉文之事》〈孟子〉
而良人未之知也。《齊人有一妻一妾》〈孟子〉
2、疑問句中代詞賓語前置
文言文中用疑問代詞“誰”、“何”、“奚”、“安”等做賓語時往往放在動詞的前面。
“良問曰:‘大王來何操?’” 彼且奚適也?《逍遙游》〈莊子〉 沛公安在?《鴻門宴》〈史記〉 洞庭君安在哉?《柳毅傳》李朝威
3、介詞賓語提前: 微斯人吾誰與歸?
一旦山陵崩,長安君何以自托于趙?
不為者與不能者之形(情形),何以異? 《齊桓晉文之事》 是以區區不能廢遠。《陳情表》李密
是以君子遠庖廚也。《齊桓晉文之事》〈孟子〉 奚以知其然也?《逍遙游》〈莊子〉
介詞賓語前置,還有一種情況,就是方位詞、時間詞作賓語時,有時也前置; 例如:“東鄉坐。”
4、特殊結構:用“之”、“是”將賓語提前。
宋何罪之有?(宋國有什么罪過?)惟命是聽(成語)惟利是圖(成語)惟馬首是瞻《馮婉貞》
惟兄嫂是依《祭十二郎文》韓愈 惟你是問。
句讀之不知,惑之不解。
(二)定語后置:
在古漢語中將定語移置在中心詞之后的現象。定語后置一般有三種情況:(1)中心詞+定語+者 中心詞+之+定語+者 楚人有涉江者。(《察今》)
石之鏗然有聲者,所在皆是也。(《石鐘山記》)
大閹之亂,縉紳而能不易其志者,四海之大,有幾人歟?(2)中心詞+之+形容詞(定語)
蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強,上食埃土,下飲黃泉,用心一也。(《勸學》)帶長鋏之陸離兮,冠切云之崔嵬。(《涉江》)四海之大,有幾人歟?
(3)中心詞+數量詞(定語)
馬之千里者,一食或盡粟一石。(《馬說》)
我持白璧一雙,欲獻項王;玉斗一雙,欲與亞父。(《鴻門宴》)
(三)狀語后置:
現代漢語中狀語置于謂語之前,文中,處于補語的成分往往要以狀語來理解。例如:
將軍戰河北,臣戰河南。覆之以掌。
若亡鄭而有益于君,敢以煩執事。《燭之武退秦師》〈左傳〉
雖董之以嚴刑,振(震)之以威怒 《諫太宗十思疏》魏征 孰與君少長?——與君孰少長? 《鴻門宴》〈史記〉 青,取之于藍,而青于藍。《勸學》〈荀子〉(四)主語后置:(主謂倒裝)
為了強調謂語,有時將謂語置于主語之前。這僅僅是因為語言表達的需要。甚矣,汝之不惠(慧)。《愚公移山》〈列子〉 快哉此風!(宋玉《風賦》)“美哉,我少年中國。
五、固定句式
1、“??孰與??”、“??何如??”。這兩種說法都是詢問比較的結果,用法相同。
公之視廉將軍孰與秦王?(你們看廉將軍和秦王相比,誰更厲害?)
吾孰與城北徐公美?(我和城北徐公相比,誰更美?)汝意謂長安何如日遠?(長安和太陽相比,哪一個離得更遠?)“孰與”、“何如”還可以用來詢問利害得失,或表示抉擇取舍。
2、日食飲得無衰乎?——得無,該不會,表揣測的疑問詞 《觸龍說趙太后》〈戰國策〉
反復自念,得無教我獵蟲所耶?——得無,該不會,表揣測的疑問詞《促織》蒲松齡
3、求,無乃爾是過與(同“歟”,語氣詞)——無乃?與?恐怕?吧 《季氏將伐顓臾》〈論語〉
4、是社稷之臣也,何以伐為?——何(以)?為,表反問的句式,為什么要?呢
《季氏將伐顓臾》〈論語〉 5故不積跬步,無以致千里;不積小流,無以致江海。——無以,沒有用來?的(辦法)《勸學》〈荀子〉
6、奚以之九萬里而南為?——奚以?為,哪里用得著?呢,表反問 《逍遙游》〈莊子〉
7、“他人之心,予忖度之。”——夫子之謂也。
聞道百,以為莫己若者,我之謂也。(《莊子?秋水》)——?之謂也,?說的就是?《齊桓晉文之事》〈孟子〉、“不亦??乎?”可譯為:“不??嗎?”,“難道不??嗎?” 學而時習之,不亦樂乎?
有過不罪,無功受賞,雖亡,不亦可乎?、以為、以??為??意思是以為、認為、把??當作、用??做??。例如: 而陋者乃以斧斤考擊而求之,自以為得其實。(《石鐘山記》)至丹以荊卿為計,始速禍焉。(《六國論》)
10、唯??是 “是”無意,起賓語提前作用;“唯”表示對象的唯一性
11、豈??哉(乎)、獨??哉 意思是難道??嗎例如: 趙豈敢留璧而得罪于大王乎?
王侯將相寧有種乎!難道(《陳涉世家》)
12、與其??孰若??、與其??寧?? 可譯為與其??不如(寧可)??
與其坐而待亡,孰若起而拯之。(《鴻門宴》)
與人刃我,寧自刃。(《魯仲連傳》)
與其??寧?? 相當于“與其??寧可??”
13、“如??何”、“奈??何”、“若??何”。這是三個同義的說法。意思是“把??怎么樣”、“對??怎么辦”或“怎么對付(處置、安頓)??”。例如:
如太行、王屋何?(如何處理太行、王屋這兩座大山呢?)
虞兮虞兮奈若何?(虞啊虞啊我拿你怎么辦呢?)第二課時
1.下列句子與例句句式相同的一項是()例句:石之鏗然有聲者
A.古之人不余欺也 B.噌吰者,周景王之無射也 C.得雙石于潭上 D.蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強 2.與“大王來何操”句式特點相同的一項是:
A.若屬皆且為所虜 B.客何為者 C.亞父者,范增也 D.具告以事 3.選出句式不同于其他三項的一項()A.人馬燒溺死者甚眾 B.此帝王之資也 C.我,子瑜友也 D.此乃天也 4.選出與例句句式相同的一項()例句:又雜植蘭桂竹木于庭
A.為國者無使為積威之所劫哉 B.項脊軒,舊南閣子也 C.其制稍異于前 D.蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強 5.下列句子中無省略現象的是()A.引以為流觴曲水 B.列坐其次 C.亦足以暢敘幽情 D.晤言一室之內 6.下列句子按句式分類,正確的一項是()①父母者,人之本也 ②秦,虎狼之國,不可信 ③信而見疑,忠而被謗 ④內惑于鄭袖,外欺
于張儀 ⑤身客死于秦,為天下笑 ⑥此不知人之禍也 ⑦夫圣人者,不凝滯于物而能與世推移 ⑧“離騷”者,猶離憂也
A.①②⑥⑧/③④⑤⑦ B.①⑥⑦⑧/②③④⑤ C.①③⑤⑦/②④⑥⑧ D.①②③④/⑤⑥⑦⑧ 7.下列句子中句式不同于其他三項的一項是()A.遂為諸將所擁而行 B.被執至南門
C.德威求公之骨不可得 D.我死當葬梅花嶺上 8.下列各項中句式不同的一項是()A.宇文新州之懿范 B.石之鏗然有聲者,所在皆是也 C.舍簪笏于百齡,奉晨昏于萬里 D.都督閻公之雅望 9.下列各句中句式不同于其他三項的一項是()A.鏤心鳥跡之中,織辭魚網之上 B.何以明其然?
C.綺麗以艷說,藻飾以辯雕 D.夫擇源于涇渭之流,按轡于邪正之路 10.下列各項中句式特點和其他三項不同的一項是()A.飾以篆文山龜鳥獸之形。B.自書典所記,未之有也。C.尤致思于天文、陰陽、歷算。D.驗之以事,合契若神。11.把下面的句子翻譯成現代漢語。(1)大將軍鄧騭奇其才,累召不應。譯文:
(2)安帝雅聞衡善術學,公車特征拜郎中,再遷為太史令。譯文:
12.選出句式不同類的一項()
A.祖沖之,范陽薊人也。B.時有北人索馭驎者。
C.蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強。D.今所經中嶺及山巔崖限當道者。13.指出下列句子中與所給例句句式特點不同的一項是()例句:解褐南徐州迎從事
A.身死人手,為天下笑者,何也? B.信而見疑,忠而被謗,能無怨乎? C.兵挫地削,亡其六郡 D.良庖歲更刀,割也。
14.根據句式特點,下列各句歸類正確的一項是()
①臣未之聞也。②保民而王,莫之能御也。③曰:“牛何之。” ④對曰:“將以釁鐘。” ⑤是乃仁術也。⑥夫子之謂也。⑦百姓之不見保。⑧然則一羽之不舉。⑨是誠不能也。
⑩構怨于諸侯。○11將以求吾所大欲也。○12王坐于堂上。
A.①②③⑧/④○11/⑤⑥⑨/⑦/⑩○12 B.①②⑤⑥⑨○11/③⑧/④/⑦/⑩○12 C.①②③/④○11/⑤⑥⑨/⑦⑧/⑩○12 D.①②⑤⑥⑨○11/③⑧/④/⑦⑩/○12
15、將下面一段文字翻譯成現代漢語。
昔者,齊王使淳于髡獻鵠于楚。出邑門,道飛其鵠,徒揭空籠,造詐成辭,往見楚王曰:“齊王使臣來獻鵠,過于水上,不忍鵠之渴,出而飲之,去我飛亡。吾欲刺腹絞頸而死,恐人之議吾王以鳥獸之故令士自傷殺也。鵠,毛物,多相類者,吾欲買而代之,是不信而欺吾王也。欲赴他國奔亡,痛吾兩主使不通。故來服過,叩頭受罪大王。”楚王曰:“善。齊王有信士若此哉!”厚賜之,財倍鵠在也。譯文:
16、將下面一段文字翻譯成現代漢語。
先公(指歐陽修)四歲而孤,家貧無資。太夫人以荻畫地,教以書字。多誦古人篇章,使學為詩。及其稍長,而家無書讀,就閭里士人家借而讀之,或因而抄錄。抄錄未畢,已能誦其書。以至晝夜忘寢食,惟讀書是務。自幼所作詩賦文字,下筆已如成人。------歐陽發《歐陽公事跡》 譯文:
17、閱讀下面的文言文,完成(1~ 5題 鄰 女 說
[清]戴名世①
西鄰之女,陋而善嫁。東鄰有處人,貞淑而美,無聘之者,乃過西鄰而問焉,曰:“若何以得嫁?”西鄰之女曰:“吾有五費。”曰:“可得聞乎?”曰:“發黃費吾膏②,面黠③費吾粉,履闊費吾布,垢多費吾藏④,人來費吾荼。”曰:“若何以得嫁?”曰:“吾嫁士,吾嫁商,吾嫁工,吾嫁傭保,吾嫁乞丐。”曰:“有陋汝者,奈何?”西鄰之女竦肩梟頸⑤,粲然⑥捧腹而笑曰:“處女乃陋余乎?此處女之所以年二十而無聘者也。吾見人家女子多矣,類我;吾見丈夫多矣,無不類我。而孰得陋余而棄余?”處女曰;“亦有不類若者乎?”曰:“有不類我
者,則處女已嫁矣。”
處女俯而嘆。西鄰之女曰:“處女無嘆,吾數處女之過失。自處女之長也,而鬻賣粉黛者過處女之門而不售;兒女相聚笑樂,處女獨深思不與語;又不能隨時為巧靡之涂妝。吾觀處女態度,類有以自異者。處女將自以為美乎?世之所艷羨者,真為美矣。而處女無相逢顧盼者,處女將以何時得偶乎?且處女性情姿態如此,又不自媒,而傲然待聘,則處女過矣。處女誠換其故貌,易舊妝為新妝,倚門而笑,則吾有可以效于處女者;然又恐余門之履且滿處女戶外也。”處女變色,拂衣而起,趨而歸,誓終身弗與通。
[注]①戴名世(1653—1713):清代桐城派散文家。少年才思敏捷,有思明反清思想。1702年刊行《南山集》,內容多載南明抗清之事,兩年后以“大逆”罪被殺,此案牽連數百人,為清初著名文字獄之一。②膏:潤發脂:染發膏。③黠(xiá):黑。④藏:通內臟的“臟”字,可譯為肥皂。⑤竦肩梟頸:聳肩、縮脖子。⑥粲然:放肆大笑的樣子。.下列句子中加點的詞的解釋,不正確的一項是()A.無聘之者。聘:下聘禮求親
B.有陋汝者,奈何陋:認為??丑陋 C.吾試數處女過失數:數落,責備
D.且處女性情姿態如此,又不自媒 自媒:推銷自己
2.以下各組句子中,全都表明處女不與世俗同流合污的一組是()①鬻賣粉黛者過處女之門而不售
②兒女相聚笑樂,處女獨深思不與語 ③此處女之所以年二十而無聘者也 ④世之所艷羨者,真為美矣
⑤處女變色,拂衣而起,趨而歸,誓終身弗與通 ⑥東鄰有處人,貞淑而美
A.①③⑥ B.①②⑤ C.②③④ D.④⑤⑥
3.下列對原愿文有關內容的分析和概括,不正確的一項是()
A.文中所謂的“處女”;實為作者自況,“鄰女”則喻世俗:這里所表現的,不單是不與世俗同流合污的高潔志行,聯系作者的思想,還有更深一層的意思。B.本文以對比手法為主,寫“處女”的品格磊落,而“鄰女”濫嫁,表現了清初士人對于國家民族的兩種截然不同的態度,極能發人深省。
C.聽了鄰女的一番教導后,處女這才發現自己的許多地方有過失,決心改變自己,拂衣整袖后就立即起身跑回家,發誓這一生一定要通曉善嫁之理。
D.本文寫人很有藝術感染力,無論是寫鄰女聳肩、縮脖子、捧腹大笑的不屑神態,還是寫處女遠離世俗、落落寡合的神情,都顯得繪聲繪色,形象宛然。4.把文言文閱讀材料中畫橫線的句子翻譯成現代漢語(10分)(1)而孰得陋余而棄余?(3分)翻譯:
(2)而處女無相逢顧盼者,處女將以何時得偶乎?(4分)翻譯:
(3)然又恐余門之履且滿處女戶外也。(3分)翻譯:
參考答案
1.D(都是定語后置句。)2.B(例句是賓語前置;A.被動句 B.賓語前置 C.判斷句D.介賓短語后置)3.A 4.C(A被動句;B判斷句;D定語后置;C狀語后置。)5.C(A句引(之)以為;B句列坐(于)其次;D句言(于)一室。)6.A(分別為判斷句和被動句)7.C(ABD三項都是被動句。)8.C(介賓結構后置句,ABD三項都是定語后置句。)9.B(ACD三項都是介賓結構后置句,B項是賓語前置句,“何以”即“以何”。)10.B(A、C、D三項都是狀語后置,分別是“以??之形飾”、“于??致思”、“以事驗之”,B項是賓語前置,“未之有”應為“未有之”。)11.(1)大將軍鄧騭認為他是奇才,多次召請,(他)也不去應召。(2)漢安帝常聽說張衡精通天文、歷法等術數方面的學問,就派公車,特地召請(張衡)任命他為郎中,后又升為太史令。(奇,意動用法。雅,平素。征,征召。拜,任命,授予官職。
12.A(判斷句,其余為定語后置句)
13.D(其他三句與例句都是被動句,D為判斷句)
14.A(①②③⑧賓語前置句 ④○11省略句 ⑤⑥⑨判斷句 ⑦被動句 ⑩○12狀語后置句)
15、從前,齊王派淳于髡送只天鵝到楚國。出了都城門,半路上那天鵝飛走了,只提著空籠子,編造了一套欺騙的話語,前去會見楚王說:“齊王派我來送天鵝,在河上經過,不忍心天鵝的干渴,放出讓它喝水,離開我飛走了。我想要刺腹絞頸自殺而死,擔心人家議論大王因為鳥獸的緣故,讓士人自己殺傷。天鵝是長羽毛的東西,多有相像的,我想要買一只頂替它,這是不誠實而且欺騙了大主。想要到別國逃亡,又傷心我們兩位大王間的這次通使半途而廢了。所以前來認罪,向大王叩頭,接受懲罰。”楚王說:“好。齊王有像這樣忠信的賢士啊!”優厚地賞賜了淳于髡,賞賜的錢財比有天鵝進獻還加一倍。
16、先祖歐陽公四歲就死了父親,家境貧寒,沒有錢供他讀書。太夫人用蘆葦稈在沙地上寫畫,把書上的字教給他。還教他誦讀許多古人的篇章。又要他學作詩。到他年紀大些了,家里沒有書可讀,便到村中讀書人家借書來讀,有的書讀完了便抄下來,沒有抄完,已能背出來了。就這樣夜以繼日廢寢忘食,一味專心致志地讀書,從小所寫的詩、賦文字,下筆就有成人那樣高的水平了。
17、1.C 2.B 3.C 4.(1)還有誰能夠認為我丑而嫌棄我呢?(3分)(2)而處女(你)沒有相逢(相互)看顧的知己,處女(你)要等什么時候得到配偶(能夠嫁出去)啊?(4分)(3)但是我恐怕原來到我家的人將全部跑到你家門口(去了)。(3分)
第五篇:高中英語語法練習反意疑問句和倒裝句
高中英語語法練習-反意疑問句和倒裝句
1.It’s the third time that John has been late, ____? A.hasn’t he B.isn’t he C.isn’t it D.hasn’t it 2.Let’s take a rest, ___________.A.will we B.shall we C.shan’t we
D.won’t we 3.Let us pass, _________? A.shan’t we B.shall we C.won’t we D.will you 4.Wait a minute, __________? A.shall you B.will you C.do you D.don’t you 5.The suit’s finished, __________?
A.doesn’t it B.isn’t it C.haven’t you D.hasn’t it 6.He’s posted the letter, _________he?
A.isn’t B.doesn’t
C.hasn’t D.wasn’t 7.They’d go with us, __________?
A.wouldn’t they B.didn’t they C.hadn’t they D.couldn’t they 8.What fresh air, ________? A.is it B.does it C.isn’t it D.doesn’t it
9.The Emperor’s clothes became the talk of the whole city, _________? A.did it B.didn’t it C.did they D.didn’t they
10.Mr.And Mrs.Turner work in this hospital, ________? A.are they B.aren’t they C.do they D.don’t they 11.She has breakfast at six every day, ________? A.has she B.hasn’t she C.does she D.doesn’t she 12.Nothing seems to please her, _________? A.does it B.doesn’t it C.is it D.isn’t it 13.She never tells a lie, ________? A.does she B.doesn’t she C.is it
D.isn’t it 14.You hardly know each other, _________? A.do you B.don’t you C.have you D.didn’t you 15.The man in blue must be your brother, _____? A.mustn’t he B.needn’t he C.isn’t he D.is he 16.I don’t think he will come to our party, _____? A.will he B.won’t he C.does he D.do I 17.I suppose he’s serious, ___________? A.do IB.don’t IC.is he D.isn’t he
18.Wang said that he was not there then, _____? A.did he B.didn’t he C.was he D.wasn’t he 19.You daren’t say that to him, _________?
A.dare you B.do you C.daren’t you D.don’t you
20.You must have read about Dickens long ago, __________?
用心
愛心
專心 A.mustn’t you
B.haven’t you C.can’t you D.didn’t you 21.You’d better not smoke here, ________? A.will you B.shall you C.have you D.had you 22.There isn’t going to be a volleyball match next week, __________? A.is it B.isn’t it C.is there D.isn’t there
23.There used to be a church behind the cemetery,_____________? A.didn’t there B.used there C.usedn’t It D.didn’t it 24.What a lovely day, _________? A.doesn’t it B.hasn’t it C.won’t D.isn’t it 25.You must have been there, ____________? A.have you B.did you
C.haven’t you D.didn’t you 26.That is your school, ___________? A.isn’t that B.mustn’t it
C.isn’t it D.won’t it 27.She dislikes this skirt, _________________? A.doesn’t she B.does she C.isn’t she
D.is she 28.No one can stop us from going there, ______? A.can’t it B.can they C.can’t they D.can one 29.---Where is your father?---Oh, __________.A.here comes he
B.here does he come C.he here comes
D.here he comes 30.Look, _________.A.here the bus comes B.here is the bus coming C.here comes the bus D.here the bus is coming 31.________ , I would have phoned you.A.If I knew it B.Had I known it C.If I know it
D.Did I know it 32._________ in the river yesterday, the boy _________.A.Were Mr Black not;would not be drowned B.Were Mr Black;would be drowned C.Had Mr Black not been;would have been drowned D.Hadn't Mr Black been;would have drowned 33.---It was cold yesterday.---__________.Which of the following is wrong? A.So it was B.So is it today C.So was it the day before D.So it did 34.---She's passed the entrance examination.---____.A.So am I B.So have I C.So I have D.Also I have 35.________ that he found it difficult to stop at the red light.A.So fast he was driving B.So fast he drove C.So fast was he drivingD.So fast drive he 36.Hardly ___________ the railway station when the train started.A.did reach B.had I reached C.I reached .I had reached 37.No sooner _________ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.A.she had fallen B.had she fallen C.she had fell D.had she fell 38.Only after his death __________ considered correct.用心
愛心
專心 A.was his theory B.his theory was C.did his theory D.had his theory 39._________ his appearance that no one could recognize him.A.So was strange B.Was so strange C.So strange was D.Strange so was 40.__________ about her illness and still worked very hard.A.She knows little B.Little did she know C.Little does she know D.She didn't know something 41.Only when the line was fixed _________ from floating away from the spaceship.A.could he keep B.he could keep C.he could be kept D.could he be kept 42.__________ , she wanted to buy her husband a Christmas gift.A.As she was short of money B.Though money is short C.She was short of money D.Short of money as she was 43._________ about the universe up till now.A.We know quite a lotB.Only little we have known C.Very little have we knownD.So much we do know 44._________ , she was very brave.A.Girl as she was B.As she was a girlC.A girl as she was D.Girl as was she 45.Such _________ the results of the experiments.A.is B.was C.are D.as be 46.Albert Einstein cared little for money.___________ Professor Wang.A.Either did B.So was C.So did D.Neither did 47.____ there no gravity, there would be no human beings on the earth.A.If B.If was C.If not D.Were 48.Only when ________ the painting _________ decide whether the painting is worth buying.A.the sees;he can B.does he see;can he C.he sees;can he D.sees he;he can 49.On the wall ___________ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged
D.are hanging 50._________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang pu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will 參考答案:
1~20: CBDBB CACDD DAAAC ADBAD 21~40: DCADC CABDC BCDBC BBACB 41~50: DDCAC DDCBB
用心
愛心
專心 3