第一篇：紅與黑讀書(shū)筆記 英文

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The feeling after reading The Red and the Black

----------------a tragedy of an ambitious manJust as Napoleon said, “Every French soldier carries a marshal’s baton in his knapsack”, Julien had an ambition in his heart.He was born in a peasant family, but he believed that he didn’t belong here.His background made him feel ashamed, and he decided never to give in to the fate.He always thought that he should be proud and he always behaved so.Actually, this is the symbol of his inferiority.The more inferior he felt, the more proudly he behaved, and he just wanted to hide his inferiority complex for his background.With these thoughts, he always wanted to conquer himself to get stronger, so he always imagined lots of battles and enemies.The love with Mrs.de Renal was one of his battles.The poor Mrs.de Renal was just a sacrifice.Having been loved with Mrs.de Renal just for a few months, Julien forgot her completely and decided to marry Mathillde.Even such a proud woman as Mathilde fell to Julien’s feet.But both Mrs.de Renal and Mathilde were too innocent, even ignorant, and they were both hurt deeply for the breaking of love.Maybe you can never judge a person only by his appearance, and remember never to give your priceless love to a person who has nothing but a handsome face.Although Julien had too many sins, he deserved our sympathy, after a, he was punished and was sentenced to death.What a tragedy he was!He was always hostile to nobles and always pursued a higher social position.Didn’t he feel tired? He strived to go higher step by step, but finally he lost everything including his precious life.Everyone has his own ambition within his heart, but not everyone can achieve his goal.What decides whether you can succeed or not is not only how much you have paid, but also the way you have chosen.You can only succeed in a correct way.Julien selected an extremely wrong way to realize his goal, so he got serious punishment finally.Just remember that after burying the seed of dream in your heart, please water it with good instead of evil.New words:

1.peasant: a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land.農(nóng)民，小農(nóng)，佃農(nóng)。

2.despotism: despotism is cruel and unfair government by a ruler or rulers who have a lot of power.專(zhuān)制主義，專(zhuān)制政治，暴政。

3.landowner: a person who owns land, especially a large area of land.地主，土地所有者。

4.instruction: detailed information on how you should use sth, etc.命令，指示，教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)。

5.lowly: humble in feeling, behavior, or status.恭順的，卑下的，地位

低的。

6.inherit: receive(property, rank, title, etc)by legal descent or succession.繼承。

7.confess: acknowledge or admit(a fault, wrongdoing, etc)供認(rèn)，坦白，勉強(qiáng)承認(rèn)。

8.recover: regain possession or use or control of;reclaim.恢復(fù)對(duì)……的占有；收回；復(fù)原；恢復(fù)。

9.even：level, flat and smooth;(of a person’s temper, etc)aquable,calm.平的，扁平的，心平氣和的。

10.heroic：（of an act, a quality, etc）of or fit for a hero.英雄的，崇高的，英勇的。

11.hay：grass that has been cut and dried for use an animal food.干草。

12.hawk: any of various diurnal birds of prey of the family.鷹。

13.sin: the breaking of divine or moral law.罪，罪孽，過(guò)失。

14.revolutionary: a radical supporter of political or social revolution.革命的，革命性的。

15.marquis: a foreign nobleman ranking between a duke and a count.侯爵。

16.bishop：a priest with a high position in branches of the Christian church who is responsible for all the churches in a city or a district.主教。

17.adultery: sex between a married person and who is not her/his husband.奸情。

18.anonymous:(used about a person)whose name is not known or made public.19.beast: an animal, especially a large one.野獸。

20.protector: a person who protects sb/sth.保護(hù)者，防御者。

21.vain:(used about a person)too proud of your own appearance, abilities, etc.愛(ài)慕虛榮的，自負(fù)的。

22.vicar: a priest of the church of England.教區(qū)牧師。

23.embassy:(the official building of)a group of officials and their heads, who represent their governments in a foreign country.大使館，大使館全體成員。

24.duel: a formal type of fight with guns or other weapons which was succeed in the past to decide an argument between two men.決斗。

25.learning: knowledge that you get from studying.學(xué)問(wèn)，知識(shí)。

26.pope: the head of the Roman Catholic church.（天主教的）教皇。

27.nickname: an informal name that used instead of your real name, usually by your family or friends.諢名，綽號(hào)。

28.procession: a number of people, vehicles etc.that move slowly in a line, especially as part of a ceremony.（人，車(chē)等）緩慢前進(jìn)的隊(duì)伍或行列。

29.cathedral: a large church that is the most important one in a distinct.大教堂。

30.envious: wanting sth that sb else has.妒忌的，羨慕的。

31.duke: a man of the highest social position.公爵。

32.coach: a comfortable bus used for long journey.長(zhǎng)途汽車(chē)。

33.conspiracy：a secret plan by a group of people to do sth bad or illegal.陰謀，共謀。

34.conservative: not liking change;traditional.保守的，守舊的，傳統(tǒng)的。

35.heroic:(used about people or their actions)having a lot of courage.英勇的。

36.guillotine: a machine that was used in France in the past for cutting people’s heads.切紙機(jī)，斷頭臺(tái)。

37.sneak: to go somewhere secretly trying to avoid being seen.偷偷地走，溜。

38.messenger: a person who gives a messenger to sb or who delivers messages to people as a job.送信人，信使，通信員.39.aristocratic: belonging to or typical of ARISTOCRACY.貴族的。

40.illegitimate: born to parents who are not married to each other.私生的，非婚生的。

41.jury: a group of members of the public who listen to the facts of a case in a court of law and decide whether or sb is guilty of a crime.陪審團(tuán)。

42.prosecutor: a public official who charges sb with a crime and tries to show that he/she is guilty in a court of law.公訴人，檢察官，原告。

43.rebellious: unwilling to obey rules or accept normal standards of behaviors, dress, etc.反叛的，叛逆的，造反的。

44.faithless: not loyal, that you can not rely on or trust.不忠誠(chéng)的，不可信任的。

45.cell: a room for one or more prisoners in a prison or police station.牢房，單間牢房。

46.lawsuit: a legal argument in a court of law that and not between two people or groups and not between the police and a criminal.訴訟。

47.watch out for: 戒備，提防，密切注意。

48.start up: 突然出現(xiàn)，發(fā)動(dòng)。

49.out of place: 在錯(cuò)誤的位置，在不適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?/p>

50.go back to: 追溯到。

第二篇：紅與黑讀書(shū)筆記-英文

The feeling after reading The Red and the Black

Just as Napoleon said, “Every French soldier carries a marshal’s baton in his knapsack”, Julien had an ambition in his heart.He was born in a peasant family, but he believed that he didn’t belong here.His background made him feel ashamed, and he decided never to give in to the fate.He always thought that he should be proud and he always behaved so.Actually, this is the symbol of his inferiority.The more inferior he felt, the more proudly he behaved, and he just wanted to hide his inferiority complex for his background.With these thoughts, he always wanted to conquer himself to get stronger, so he always imagined lots of battles and enemies.The love with Mrs.de Renal was one of his battles.The poor Mrs.de Renal was just a sacrifice.Having been loved with Mrs.de Renal just for a few months, Julien forgot her completely and decided to marry Mathillde.Even such a proud woman as Mathilde fell to Julien’s feet.But both Mrs.de Renal and Mathilde were too innocent, even ignorant, and they were both hurt deeply for the breaking of love.Maybe you can never judge a person only by his appearance, and remember never to give your priceless love to a person who has nothing but a handsome face.Although Julien had too many sins, he deserved our sympathy, after a, he was punished and was sentenced to death.What a tragedy he was!He was always hostile to nobles and always pursued a higher social position.Didn’t he feel tired? He strived to go higher step by step, but finally he lost everything including his precious life.Everyone has his own ambition within his heart, but not everyone can achieve his goal.What decides whether you can succeed or not is not only how much you have paid, but also the way you have chosen.You can only succeed in a correct way.Julien selected an extremely wrong way to realize his goal, so he got serious punishment finally.Just remember that after burying the seed of dream in your heart, please water it with good instead of evil.

第三篇：紅與黑英文讀書(shū)筆記

紅與黑英文讀書(shū)筆記

紅與黑英文讀后感

The writer writing unfolds, first is entire French society's one typical window-----small city Varriale's political pattern.The aristocrat is born German Switzerland that mayor is restores the dynasty in here highest representative, the maintenance restoration political power, prevents the bourgeoisie free party member is in power in politics regards as the inherent responsibilities.poor collection post manager Valno the promise originally is the petty bourgeois, as a result of hires oneself the church secret organization saint can obtain the now the fat difference, thus oneself with restoration political power hitch in same place.Transcription hall Father Maslon is the spy which the church sends, all people's words and deeds all under his surveillance, the time which mutually supports in this king place and the sacrificial altar, is person which wields great power with great arrogance.These three people constitute “ Three heads politic ”, reflected the restoration influence the aspect which you the city arrogated all powers to oneself in Varriale.But their opposite, is a large number, has the huge economic potentiality aggressive bourgeoisie free party member.Stendhal describes to the people guarantees king party member's be domineering and tyrannical, on the one hand again let the people draw such conclusion: Grasps has the economic potentiality the bourgeoisie, also will decide in politics is the final victor.《 The Red and the Black 》 the book in circulation revolutionized in July, 1830 before, takes charge of soup reaches unexpectedly picture is understands clearly historical movement this one inevitably tends to.If your characters do not talk about politics, they are not the French in 1830.---------Stendhal

During this term, I have read a novel The Red and the Black.The novel was written by the French writer Stendhal in the 19th century.Marie·Henri Beyle, better known by his pen name Stendha l, was one of the critical realism French writers in the 19th century.The military and theatrical worlds of the First French Empire were a revelation to Beyle.Known for his acute analysis of his characters' psychology and reflection of society, he is considered one of the earliest and foremost practitioners of realism in his two novels Le Rouge et le Noir(The Red and the Black, 1830)and La Chartreuse de parme(The Charterhouse of parma, 1839).Stendhal laid down for himself in a diary entry of May 1804:“regard everything I’ve read to date about man as a prediction;believe only what I have seen for myself.Joy, happiness, fame, all is upon it.” Futurity call it realism creation method.In France, Stendhal was the first litterateur to reveal corruption of the bourgeoisie through literature.The novel marks the beginning of realism.André Gide said that The Red and the Black was a novel ahead of its time, that it was a novel for readers in the twentieth century.In Stendhal’s time, prose novels included dialogue and omniscient narrator descriptions;his great contribution to literary technique was describing the psychologies(feelings, thoughts, inner monologues)of the characters, resultantly he is considered the creator of the psychological novel.The pa-pe-r's opening sentence：“If your characters do not talk about politics, they are not the French in 1830.” is the famous sentence in The Red and The Black.The material of The Red and The Black is based on a realistic event that a tutor killed her hostein 1827.When Stendhal read the story in the newspa-pe-r, he adapted it and wrote the long bildungsroman novel The Red and The Black.The work, previously titled Julien, then, changed into The Red and The Black.The Red symbolizes many things, the uniform of the Napoleon era, Mrs.Renal’s blood, revolution and contribution by the common people.The Black also stands for robes of priests, Martel’s mourning apparel and

第四篇：《紅與黑》英文讀書(shū)筆記

The Red and the Black

The Red and the Black is a profound and witty book about the rise of a poor, handsome and intellectually gifted, young provincial into the salons of High Society in Paris.Handsome and ambitious, Julien Sorel is determined to rise above his humble peasant origins and make something of his life-by adopting the code of hypocrisy by which his society operates.Julien ultimately commits a crime-out of passion, principle, or insanity-that will bring about his downfall.The Red and the Black is a lively, satirical picture of French Restoration society after Waterloo, riddled with corruption, greed, and ennui.The complex, sympathetic portrayal of Julien, the cold exploiter whose Machiavellian campaign is undercut by his own emotions, makes him Stendhal's most brilliant and human creation-and one of the greatest characters in European literature.I really enjoyed this book.Unlike many reviewers, I feel the book does transcend time.American people and culture today, computers and all, are a lot like those in Stendhal's 19th century France.The main characters strike me as real, and quite complex.Julien is a typical adolescent/ young adult: Idealistic, searching and unsure of himself.To me, it is amazing to what how the world interacts with and alters his self-image.Mathilde is equally interesting.She reminds me of a flighty alternative girl, looking for a dream of simmering romance.And MME de Renal is a wonderful, believable woman, falling in love late in life, victim of the missing husband syndrome.Like people today, Stedhal's characters are a bundle of contradictions.Is Julien a villain, an angel, a self-serving climber or a man truly in love, searching for his higher self? Aloof or loveable? Is MME de Renal a devout, moral patroness, devoted to her family, or the vilest of adulators, ready to turn her back on duty for the simmer of love? Is Mathilde submissive, or arrogant and dominant?The answer to all questions is yes.We are all divided.Be honest with yourself for a minute.Aren't people sometimes cruel, and

sometimes kind;Sometimes, honest, sometimes mildly deceitful, telling white lies, and sometimes bold-faced liars? Since Stendhal is faithful to this, and does not give us character in black and white, he has produced a masterpiece.

第五篇：《紅與黑》讀書(shū)筆記范文

第二次拾起斯丹達(dá)爾《紅與黑》中的文字，我仍為里面的故事情節(jié)以及人物性格深深吸引著。是感動(dòng)，也是激動(dòng)和難忘，書(shū)中人物性格各異，但是每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都能深入讀者的心靈，讓讀者的心境也融入到書(shū)中情節(jié)中去。

被感動(dòng)著，因?yàn)橛谶B那份雖然有點(diǎn)莽撞但是始終不滅的熱情；被感動(dòng)著，因?yàn)槔准{爾夫人溫柔而大膽的愛(ài)情；被感動(dòng)著，因?yàn)楦粍P對(duì)好朋友的愛(ài)和擔(dān)憂；被感動(dòng)著，因?yàn)楝數(shù)贍柕碌娜涡院驼嬲\(chéng)??總之，被書(shū)中各種人物感動(dòng)著，即使他是貪婪的，縱然他是丑陋的，但是仍舊感動(dòng)著，因?yàn)樗莫?dú)一無(wú)二，因?yàn)樽髡呒?xì)致入微的描寫(xiě)。而縱觀《紅與黑》，它的藝術(shù)特色是更為讓讀者稱道。首先，正如他的創(chuàng)作作品總是形象鮮明地反映十九世紀(jì)二十年代法國(guó)王政復(fù)辟時(shí)期的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)和歷史特征一樣，斯丹達(dá)爾借助《紅與黑》再現(xiàn)十九世紀(jì)三十年代的法國(guó)。于連所生活的時(shí)代正是法國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)、小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)與封建復(fù)辟勢(shì)力進(jìn)行殊死較量、嚴(yán)酷斗爭(zhēng)的年代。一方面資本主義因素正在迅速發(fā)展，中小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)為了自身的利益，對(duì)波旁復(fù)辟的倒行逆施強(qiáng)烈不滿，他們要求飛出封建等級(jí)制，建立資產(chǎn)階級(jí)法制秩序；另一方面封建貴族階級(jí)則毫不讓步，他們迷戀失去的天堂，迷戀維護(hù)其利益的舊秩序，因此，總是處心積慮地要恢復(fù)大革命之前的君主專(zhuān)制制度。難怪高爾基指出：“斯丹達(dá)爾是在資產(chǎn)階級(jí)勝利后，立即就開(kāi)始敏銳而明確地表現(xiàn)它的特征的第一個(gè)文學(xué)家。”《紅與黑》也被看作是法國(guó)乃至歐洲現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的奠基作。

在《紅與黑》中，作者緊密聯(lián)系具體而典型的環(huán)境（維里埃爾的家、雷納爾市長(zhǎng)家、貝尚松神學(xué)院和拉莫爾侯爵府）描寫(xiě)人物性格，揭露了復(fù)辟王朝時(shí)期的腐敗、黑暗以及貴族和平民之間的尖銳矛盾，為于連性格的滋生、發(fā)展、完成也提供了強(qiáng)有力的環(huán)境依據(jù)。于連出生于汝拉山區(qū)的維里埃爾，是一個(gè)偏僻山區(qū)，在那里，唯利是圖成為人們的行動(dòng)準(zhǔn)則，而在這樣一個(gè)充滿金錢(qián)氣味的環(huán)境中，于連個(gè)性剛強(qiáng)、充滿激情和毅力，“心里藏著寧可死一千次也要飛黃騰達(dá)的不可動(dòng)搖的決心”。所以，當(dāng)父親索雷爾告知他市長(zhǎng)請(qǐng)他去當(dāng)家庭教師時(shí)，他在心里想著，要出人頭地，首先就得離開(kāi)維里埃爾。他認(rèn)為故鄉(xiāng)的一切都禁錮、僵化著他豐富的想象力。他在家中經(jīng)常受父兄的打罵，幾次想離家出走，表現(xiàn)出對(duì)獨(dú)立人格的渴望。在他的思想深處，他具有強(qiáng)烈的平民意識(shí)，對(duì)貴族的趾高氣揚(yáng)懷有深深的抵觸情緒，他厭惡與仆人同桌吃飯，他說(shuō)自己不能墮落到與仆人吃飯，如若如此他寧愿去死。而在雷納爾市長(zhǎng)家任教是于連生活的重要轉(zhuǎn)折期，為于連性格的最終形成打下了不可忽視的基礎(chǔ)。在于連心目中，維里埃爾市長(zhǎng)始終代表著世界上一切有錢(qián)和傲慢的人。雖然于連的心里一直瞧不起這樣的人，但是他始終覺(jué)得需要忍耐，總有一天會(huì)飛黃騰達(dá)，維里埃爾市長(zhǎng)只不過(guò)是他成功的一個(gè)踏板而已。而于連追求自己當(dāng)時(shí)并不愛(ài)的雷納爾夫人，就是對(duì)上流社會(huì)的一種報(bào)復(fù)。他心中想，“我要是當(dāng)著他（雷納爾市長(zhǎng)）的面，把他妻子的手占為己有，這不是可以將他嘲弄一番嗎？”于是于連三番兩次抱著這樣的心情追求雷納爾夫人，并在雷納爾夫人的退讓與接收于連的感情中獲得自己心理上的滿足，也算是一種欲望和內(nèi)心吹噓的滿足。

最終，在雷納爾市長(zhǎng)家，于連始終保持著自己的反抗意識(shí)，并在自己的“責(zé)任”意識(shí)下尋找著自己成功的機(jī)會(huì)。他看到主教的豐厚收入，便想到當(dāng)教士，于是背誦《圣經(jīng)》，愿到神學(xué)院去，忍氣吞聲地想適應(yīng)那里的生活。當(dāng)然，這其中的一個(gè)契機(jī)也是因?yàn)橛谶B與雷納爾夫人的感情，或許也算是出于一種無(wú)奈。而從雷納爾夫人想出采用匿名信這一個(gè)計(jì)謀騙過(guò)雷納爾市長(zhǎng)中可以看出，于連自以為很偉大的能力也是顯得弱小和貧瘠的。這種從雷納爾市長(zhǎng)家到神學(xué)院的過(guò)渡，或許也是對(duì)結(jié)局的一種暗示吧。

神學(xué)院是社會(huì)的另一個(gè)縮影，它像監(jiān)獄一樣陰森可怕。神父、學(xué)生都互相傾軋，虛偽做作籠罩著一切。因而，貝尚松神學(xué)院為于連性格的最終形成起到了決定性的作用。書(shū)中記敘了于連的好朋友富凱的來(lái)訪，那次拜訪給于連留下深刻的印象。他覺(jué)得自從自己來(lái)到神學(xué)院后，他的行為只不過(guò)是一連串的虛假表演而已。他明知周?chē)娜硕际翘搨蔚模荚谥e言與明爭(zhēng)暗斗中生活，但還是繼續(xù)忍耐著，并尋求“適應(yīng)”。從這里我們可以得知，面對(duì)神學(xué)院里“到處是偽善，到處是欺詐”的環(huán)境，于連選擇了“一連串的虛偽”作為唯一的武器。最后一個(gè)典型環(huán)境是拉莫爾侯爵府，在這里，斯丹達(dá)爾為于連典型性格的形成完成了最終的塑造。拉莫爾侯爵府是上層社會(huì)的寫(xiě)照，這里是巴黎上流社會(huì)的活動(dòng)中心之一，也是“陰謀和偽善的中心”。他看到侯爵能讓他改變平民的命運(yùn)，便甘心為他效勞，不再反抗了。這時(shí)，他與自己所反對(duì)的貴族階級(jí)同流合污了。個(gè)人野心支配著他的一切行動(dòng)，直到他發(fā)現(xiàn)貴族階級(jí)對(duì)平民存在根本的敵視之后，又恢復(fù)了反抗精神，寧死也不肯妥協(xié)。斯丹達(dá)爾將主人公于連置于這種充滿尖銳復(fù)雜的社會(huì)環(huán)境里，讓他在矛盾沖突的漩渦里不斷經(jīng)受錘煉，于連的反抗性格在這種環(huán)境中也隨之逐漸發(fā)展，直至最后，一個(gè)對(duì)罪惡社會(huì)的叛逆者的典型形象，便凸現(xiàn)在人們的面前了。從中我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，于連是一個(gè)具有雙重人格的人物：他的內(nèi)心始終積壓著反抗精神，卻又容易在現(xiàn)實(shí)面前屈服；他對(duì)貴族間的虛偽卑劣恨之入骨，卻也有不顧及的丑陋行為；他既深深地崇拜著拿破侖，但自己所走的道路卻是與之截然相反的??勇敢與懷疑怯懦、自尊驕傲與自卑、狂熱與郁悶敏感，形成了于連 “性格的多重性”。這種性格的雙重性使書(shū)中于連這個(gè)人物形象變得復(fù)雜和吸引人，也是斯丹達(dá)爾小說(shuō)藝術(shù)的一處成功之處。

其次，作者運(yùn)用獨(dú)特深刻的心理描寫(xiě)，突出人物內(nèi)在心理特征的表現(xiàn)。這種手法的首要特征是削減物質(zhì)世界的干擾盡量，寫(xiě)得簡(jiǎn)潔，運(yùn)用大段的內(nèi)心獨(dú)白和細(xì)致的心理分析方法。《紅與黑》的心理描寫(xiě)開(kāi)創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)實(shí)主義內(nèi)傾性的方向。斯丹達(dá)爾的心理描寫(xiě)通常十分簡(jiǎn)短，卻是多種多樣的。

當(dāng)女仆埃莉莎向雷納爾夫人談及她的婚事時(shí)，她覺(jué)得自己是病了，一種類(lèi)似高燒的癥狀攪得她徹夜難眠。她滿腦子想著埃莉莎和于連，想著他們婚后家庭的幸福。這樣的心理描寫(xiě)就明顯顯示出了雷納爾夫人內(nèi)心對(duì)于連的愛(ài)。而當(dāng)一晚于連與雷納爾夫人還有德?tīng)柧S爾夫人一起納涼時(shí)，于連無(wú)意中碰到了雷納爾夫人的手。這只手很快便縮了回去，于連心想，他應(yīng)該有責(zé)任做到讓這只手在他碰到時(shí)不縮回去。想到自己有一種責(zé)任要履行，想到如果達(dá)不到目的，他就會(huì)成為人們的笑柄，或者更確切地說(shuō)，會(huì)使自己產(chǎn)生自卑感，他心中原有的歡樂(lè)，頃刻間便消失得無(wú)影無(wú)蹤了。于連所認(rèn)為的這種“責(zé)任”，正是復(fù)辟王朝時(shí)期小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)青年受到壓制后不滿情緒的流露。作者在于連得知雷納爾夫人寫(xiě)揭發(fā)信到槍殺她這段情節(jié)上僅用了三頁(yè)，而與瑪?shù)贍柕碌膼?ài)情卻花了上百頁(yè)的篇幅細(xì)致描寫(xiě)。雷納爾夫人墜入情網(wǎng)時(shí)的那種喜悅、痛苦、懺悔而又不甘放棄幸福的復(fù)雜心里的展現(xiàn)，也令人拍案叫絕。又如，于連收到瑪?shù)贍柕录s他半夜來(lái)的信時(shí)的心理活動(dòng)。他即高興又懷疑，即猶豫又自責(zé)，心理活動(dòng)互相沖突，揭示了他內(nèi)心的沖突和感情的瞬間變化，突出了他的性格。作者或讓作品里的人物自己說(shuō)話，或通過(guò)登場(chǎng)人物的觀察來(lái)展現(xiàn)另一人物的心理活動(dòng)，這一變化是不可忽視的。

斯丹達(dá)爾懂得“從內(nèi)部觀察到的心靈，抒情的心靈與現(xiàn)實(shí)的厚壁”相對(duì)照的藝術(shù)。心理獨(dú)白正是在這個(gè)意義上成為現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)的基本技巧之一。

《紅與黑》另一藝術(shù)特色是靈活而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)那楣?jié)結(jié)構(gòu)。作者以于連的生活史為主線，以他兩次戀愛(ài)的成敗為推動(dòng)情節(jié)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵，用單線發(fā)展的方法，選擇維里埃爾市，貝尚松神學(xué)院、巴黎侯爵府三個(gè)典型場(chǎng)景，由遠(yuǎn)及近，由小及大，由低到高，把復(fù)辟時(shí)代廣闊的社會(huì)生活和復(fù)雜的政治斗爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)集中地反映了出來(lái)。

在這個(gè)主體框架中，作者又穿插了眾多的回憶性片斷，人物、情節(jié)、環(huán)境，都緊緊圍繞于連的個(gè)人奮斗互相交織，組成一個(gè)完美無(wú)瑕的藝術(shù)整體。小說(shuō)前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的人物多重新出現(xiàn)，使情節(jié)首尾相連，人物和情節(jié)成為有機(jī)整體。就像書(shū)中描寫(xiě)于連與瑪?shù)贍柕碌闹g的感情糾纏時(shí)，于連就多次想到了雷納爾夫人，甚至拿雷納爾夫人與瑪?shù)贍柕伦霰取Ｔ谶@種回憶性的片斷中，我們不僅感受了于連內(nèi)心對(duì)雷納爾夫人的愛(ài)和回憶，也將于連內(nèi)心對(duì)瑪?shù)贍柕碌膹?fù)雜情感表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。

在書(shū)中有一處，瑪?shù)贍柕掠靡环N奇怪的神情注視著于連，于連在內(nèi)心里想著，“看來(lái)這就是當(dāng)?shù)嘏嗽谫u(mài)弄風(fēng)情了，正像德·雷納爾夫人曾經(jīng)向我描繪過(guò)的一樣”。在這一處略淺的回憶中，我似乎看到了于連內(nèi)心里對(duì)雷納爾夫人的一點(diǎn)依賴。我想，這份感情其實(shí)于連自己也沒(méi)有意識(shí)到吧。

另外，作者精心布局，巧妙構(gòu)思，設(shè)置了幾個(gè)預(yù)言性場(chǎng)面，從而大大增強(qiáng)了文章結(jié)構(gòu)的緊密性。其中，除卻維立葉大教堂和拉莫爾侯爵府那兩個(gè)預(yù)言性場(chǎng)面外，我覺(jué)得還有兩處。于連在雷納爾市長(zhǎng)家當(dāng)家庭教師時(shí)，有一次于連與雷納爾先生吵架后贏得一天的時(shí)間去維里埃爾。他走上山上的樹(shù)林中，站在一塊巨大的懸?guī)r上，凝視著茫茫蒼穹。他發(fā)現(xiàn)一只鷹從他頭頂上的巨大巖石間飛過(guò)，它的飛行既安詳平穩(wěn)，又強(qiáng)健有力，深深震撼著他的心靈。他羨慕它的這種力量，也羨慕它的這種孤獨(dú)。書(shū)中寫(xiě)道：這曾經(jīng)是拿破侖的命運(yùn)；難道有一天，這也將會(huì)是他的命運(yùn)嗎？從這里，我覺(jué)得作者也是為于連的命運(yùn)埋下了伏筆。還有一處是于連從富凱那離開(kāi)去到他的小巖洞。因?yàn)楦粍P建議于連與他一起做木材生意，并許下了很高的金額。于連就被這一建議打亂心境了，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己像赫丘利一樣，只不過(guò)他不是身處善與惡之間，而是處于舒適安逸的平庸生活與青年時(shí)代的英雄夢(mèng)想之間。他覺(jué)得自己還缺少堅(jiān)忍不拔的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志。他自語(yǔ)著，而那種疑慮使他最為痛苦，“既然我害怕掙得面包的八年光陰會(huì)消蝕我成就非凡事業(yè)的崇高毅力，看來(lái)我不是塊造就偉人的材料啊”。這種復(fù)雜的心境描寫(xiě)，也是從另一個(gè)隱秘的角度為于連英年早逝斷送前程的命運(yùn)作出鋪墊吧。最后，《紅與黑》語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔、精確。縱觀全書(shū)，用詞造句都能表現(xiàn)一定的心理，簡(jiǎn)潔之處用不失卻文字的效用和魅力。不論是寫(xiě)環(huán)境，還是人物的外貌和心理，都精確得當(dāng)，體現(xiàn)不一樣的背景和特色。

《紅與黑》不是一部單純的愛(ài)情小說(shuō)，是“最強(qiáng)烈的現(xiàn)實(shí)小說(shuō)”，深刻地揭示了法國(guó)社會(huì)矛盾的種種復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)實(shí)關(guān)系，是法國(guó)批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的開(kāi)山之作，在藝術(shù)上取得的很高成就也是有目共睹的。