第一篇:英語小說閱讀入門
《金銀島》簡介
Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Robert Louis Stevenson, narrating a tale of “pirates and buried gold”.First published as a book in 1883, it was originally serialised in the children's magazine Young Folks between 1881-82 under the title The Sea Cook, or Treasure Island.Traditionally considered a coming-of-age story, it is an adventure tale
known for its atmosphere, character and action, and also a wry commentary on the ambiguity of morality—as seen in Long John Silver—unusual for
children's literature then and now.It is one of the most frequently dramatised of all novels.The influence of Treasure Island on popular perception of pirates is vast, including treasure maps with an “X”, schooners, the Black Spot, tropical islands, and one-legged seamen with parrots on their shoulders.《小婦人》簡介
Little Women is a novel published in 1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott.The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War.It was based on Alcott's own experiences as a child in Concord, Massachusetts with her three sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth.Little Women is the story of The Marches, a family used to hard toil and suffering.Although Father March is away with the Union armies, the sisters Meg, Jo, Amy and Beth keep in high spirits with their mother, affectionately named Marmee.Their friendly gift of a Christmas holiday breakfast to a neighbouring family is an act of generosity rewarded with wealthy Mr.Laurence's gift of a surprise Christmas feast.However, despite their efforts to be good, the girls show faults: the pretty Meg becomes discontented with the children she teaches;boyish Jo loses her temper regularly;while the
golden-haired schoolgirl Amy is inclined towards affectation.However, Beth, who keeps the house is always kind and gentle.After certain happy times winning over the Laurences, dark times arrive as Marmee finds out about her husband's illness.Worse is to come as Beth contracts scarlet fever in her Samaritan efforts for a sick neighbour and becomes more or less an invalid.The novel tells of their progress into young womanhood with the additional strains of romance, Beth's terminal illness, the pressures of marriage and the outside world.This is the story of their growing maturity and wisdom and the search for the contentedness of family life.It was written in 1867 and is a fictionalised biography of Alcott and her sisters.It has become a much loved classic tale and, while some of its issues seem outdated, many of the trials of the sisters are all too relevant today
《大衛科波菲爾》簡介
David Copperfield is well known as one representative work by Charles Dickens.The greatest novelist in the Victorian period depicted a broad picture of the society of his times by telling the uncommon life of his boy hero, David Copperfield.In addition, David Copperfield was also Dickens’ own favorite.It is written in the first person and is the most autobiographical of all his books.In writing, Dickens threw into this novel deep feelings and much of his own experience in his younger days.By David’s history and experience, Dickens in some way retrospected and drew a conclusion to his life and expressed his life attitude and moral ideal.Furthermore his novel also disclosed the faulty mask of capitalist society and remarkably reflected the negative damage to the marriage, family and society caused by money.It is safe to say that David Copperfield is one of the most excellent characters among all Dickens created.The thesis undertakes to have a detailed study of the characteristics of David Copperfield through the analysis of the influence of the people around him and make a preliminary explanation to it.The work will be done along the development of David Copperfield, from his childhood
to his adulthood.The analysis of the characteristics of David Copperfield will provide us a chance to see the features of the capitalist society and give us some inspiration about the life.《格列佛游記》簡介Gulliver's Travels
Jonathan Swift wrote it in Ireland.The first part of it appeared in October 1726 and by November the book was in everybody's hand.1.The story of the book is known to us all.In the first part Gulliver describes his shipwreck in Lilliput where the tallest peopole were six inches high.The emperor believed himself to be the delight and terror of the universe, but it appeared quite absurd to Gulliver who was twelve times as tall as he.In his account of the two parties in the country, distinguished by the use of high and low heels, Swift satirixes the Tories and the Whigs in England, Religious disputes were laughed at in an account of a problem which divided the Lilliputians:“Should eggs be broken at the big end or the little end?” The follows an ironical comment:“This, however, is thought to be a merer strain upon the text, for the words are thses, that all true believers shall break their eggs at the convenient end.And which is the convenient end seems, in my humble opinion, to be left to every man's conscience, or at least in the power of the Chief Magistrate to dtermine.” This part is full of references to current politics.2.In the second part, the voyage to Brobdingnag is described.Gulliver now found himself a dwarf among men sixty feet in height.The King, who
regarded Eruope as if it were an anthill, said,“I cannot but conclude the bulk of your natives to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that Nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth.”And Gulliver, after living among such a great race, could not but feel tempted to laugh at the strutting and bowing of English lords and ladies as much as the King did at him.3.The third part is a satire on philosophers and projuctors, who were given to
dwelling in the air, like the inhabitants of the flying Island.In the Island of sorcerors, Gulliver was able to call up famous men of ancient times and question them.Then he found the world to have been misled by prostitute wriers into ascribing the greatest exploits in war to cowards, the wisest counsels to fools, and sincerity to flatterers.He saw, too, by looking at an lod yeoman, how the race had greatly deteriorated through vice and corruption.4.In the last part, Gulliver's satire is of the bitterest.Gulliver was now in a country where horses werer possessed of reason, and were the governing class, while the Yahoos,though in the shape of men, were brute beasts with such vices as stealing and lying.In endeavouring to persuade the horses that he was not a Yahoo, gulliver was made to show how little a man was
removed from the brute.Gulliver's account of the warfare among the English lords, given with no little pride, caused only disgust from the horses.He praised the life and virtues of the horses while he was disgusted with the Yahoos, whose relations reminded him of those existing in english society to such a degree that he shuddered at the prospect of returning to England.So, when he returned home, his family filled him with such disgust that he swooned when his wife kissed him.5.Swift hated all kinds of oppression-political, economical and religious.But he cherished a great love for the people,《呼嘯山莊》
One old Mr in a rain of night came to whistling Villa wants to stay a late night he do has a strange of dream, dreamed of branches playing in window tooth broke glass, wanted to broken outside of branches, can finger is touch to a double cold of small hand, a ghost like Weeps sound begging for he placed she came insmell sound came, letLi out, he own head-bashing down in
bed Shang, cry with called up: “, to 's!Oh, come on, one more time!Oh, my dearest!Katherine
The old man, to the housekeeper asked about the matter, housekeeper said in Wuthering Heights things happen.MasterXiao and his wife picked up from the streets to a Gypsy abandoned, his adopted son, this is the Greekto this was the son of Henry Dresser of bullying and abuse will be offered to Dresser's sister kis madly in love with Li.They have gone through a lot the last was not together
《魯濱遜漂游記》
Of the Robinson Crusoe(Robinson Crusoe)old translation of the Robinson Crusoe drifting in mind, and a well-known memoir-adventure novels of realism, is the 18th century United Kingdom writer Daniel Defoe written inspired by experience of a Scottish sailor in distress at sea.Defoe in the book, have created a new people to face up to natural challenges – Lu Bin Sun·kelusuo.His disdain for conservative, heart development, several well-off families aside, out to make their fortunes.Shipwrecked after living on a desert island, he used his head and hands, the construction of shelter, grow food, domesticated livestock, manufacturing equipment, sewing clothes, into a desert island ”paradise on Earth“.His overseas adventures for many years, many painful, got considerable wealth, returned to the United Kingdom, completed the heroes of an era of careers.To this end, Defoe beat ”the United Kingdom and the father of the English novel in Europe" of the title.This companion volume is the trapped, is with Defoe.The Robinson Crusoe Defoe has brought great success and has helped him pay off part of the debt.Since then, he has also written one after another of the moer·fulandesi the Colonel Jack Robinson and two of her novels, but creditors are always followed him though.In the last years of his life, Defoe, infirmity, unaccompanied, lenders keep the door, the children also told him forget it.On April 26, 1731, Daniel · Defoe died in grief, died at the age of 71.The author in the full quote is: afraid of terrible 10,000 times times than the risk itself.
第二篇:玄幻小說創作入門指南
玄幻小說創作入門指南——— 小分隊長
創世中文網 編輯于 2015-06-12 14:08
壹
為什么要寫玄幻小說?
自中國網絡小說出現起,玄幻與都市小說一直是兩大主流類型,這二類小說大行其道,一方面是因為它們的讀者受眾群體最大,另一方面也是它們的寫作門檻最低。
貳
什么是玄幻小說?
對作者來說,玄幻小說的讀者群體最大化,即意味著創作它能帶給作者最大的收益可能,有更多的諸如:出版,動漫影視改編,游戲改編等機會。
玄幻小說是一種類型小說,簡單來說,就是有中國特色的幻想小說,以中國的東方幻想元素為基礎、融合西方魔幻、動漫文化等,從而形成的中式玄幻小說。
叁
玄幻小說的核心
豐富的閱讀量是先決條件,隊長我漫長的編輯生涯中,遇到過太多的作者,沒看過幾本玄幻小說,卻自信爆棚的說,玄幻小說而已,很簡單的,我可以!
結果連玄幻小說的基本架構都沒摸清楚,自然大都走向失敗一途。首先我們來看一看玄幻小說的核心是什么?? A.玄幻小說的架構主體是什么?
玄幻小說經過十多年的發展,已經從劇情核心轉向了升級核心,玄幻小說的主體就是升級絕對化。
所謂升級絕對化,就是一切都圍繞著主角要突破下一個等級或者境界來發展,副本劇情也好,出現的人物也好,各種寶物材料的獲取,都牢牢的圍繞著“升級”二字來展開。
B.玄幻小說為什么要升級絕對化?
最初的玄幻小說主線,大多是冒險、復仇、探尋身世、贏得美人心,為什么發展到今天,就變成了升級絕對化?
這是小說篇幅決定的,連載更新的玄幻小說,動輒數百萬字以上,上面的任何一種主線,都難以支撐起如此長的篇幅。
只有一個等級一個等級的成長,與一個境界又一境界的突破,才能支撐數以年記的連載。同時對等級的追求,對變強的執著,也是讀者高度認同的主線。另外上面提到的復仇,探尋身世等主線,仍然可以做為階段性主軸。C.等級體系
等級體系,已經變成了所有升級小說的基礎。
首先我們看看等級體系的名稱,一是可以參考一些經典的等級設定,像《飄邈之旅》的等級體系,就成為了幾乎所有奇幻修真小說的標準。
比如:煉氣——筑基——金丹——元嬰——化神
另一個則是自己原創的等級設定,這個同樣需要學習與研究經典玄幻小說的設定,并了解等級體系設定發展的邏輯。
這里可以提供一個隊長原創的案例供大家參考,靈砂境——靈巖境——靈丘境——靈峰境,境界呈發展狀態時,會更清晰有層次,大家可以試著舉一反三。
D.等級體系2 那等級體系設置最大的重點是什么? 差異化!差異化,即意味著一定要體現出不同等級之間的差異優劣,高等級必須要各方面都凌駕于低等級之上。
我們來看看具體的設定體現。
二級武者比一級武者強,不能僅僅因為他等級上數字的變化,二比一多。首先是力量的差異化。
比如,一級武者能一個呼吸間打出三拳,二級武者則能一個呼吸間打出三十拳。又比如,一級武者一拳能有一百斤力量,二級武者一拳能有五百斤力量。明確的差異化,會讓讀者更渴望主角提升等級與變強。除了力量的差異化,應該還有經濟環境與社會地位的差異化。我們用夸張一點的例子:
比如,一級武者一個月收入一百金幣,二級武者一個月收入一千金幣。
社會地位上,一級武者永遠只能是平民,二級武者則有可能成為列土封疆的王侯。所以等級設定上,不同的稱謂后面,同時必須做好力量、經濟、社會地位的差異化設置。如果對于新作者來說,太過困難,那就至少要做好力量的差異化。層次,大家可以試著舉一反三。
E.金手指
金手指其實不算玄幻小說的真正核心,不過前文提到了與其一脈相承的升級體系,就在這里簡單說一說,金手指為什么一定要有?
金手指可以理解成游戲的外掛,又或者說作弊修改器一樣的存在。為什么要有金手指?
因為玄幻小說中的主角,在成長過程中,必然要超級其它角色,這是玄幻小說的基本法則。
這個時候,金手指極為重要,因為它的存在,是可以說服讀者,主角成長比別人快,實力比別人強的根本所在。
金手指可以是一本神秘的功法,也可以是某一種突然覺醒的異能,甚至可以是一個身懷強大實力的無名老者,又或者是附體的大魔王。(金手指的設計,詳見——
五、玄幻小說的簡易模版與分析)
總之主角得到金手指后,必須如有神助,開始飛速蛻變成長!
提到了金手指,我們可以再簡單的說一句奇遇,奇遇在小說開始往往是為了獲得金手指而設置的前置情節。
肆
玄幻小說必須掌握的3大重點
一、節奏——節奏聽起來是一個很抽向的東西,但它卻能決定一本小說的成敗,所以我們就來具象化一下它,隊長簡單的把它總結成四個字,張馳抑揚!
A.張馳
張馳是指情節的緊張與舒緩,張馳講究一張一馳,有張有馳。
舉個玄幻小說的例子,一場緊張激烈的戰斗之后,不能馬上又展開另一場讓讀者神經緊繃的戰斗,中間得有個輕松的情節緩沖,讓讀者先放松下來,才能更好的迎接下一場緊張的戰斗。
這個張馳的邏輯,隊長把它稱之為驚悚片理論!
驚悚片中,如果一直是緊張恐怖的情節,觀眾很快就會麻木掉,驚悚的場景之間,一定要有讓觀眾放松下來場景,下一次緊張情節才能更有效展開。
也許有的作者問,我不會寫松馳的情節怎么辦?
我們的314同學,給出過一個很好的建議,那就注點水,兩個緊張的情節中間,就算注水寫一點平淡的無趣情節,也好過讓讀者疲憊麻木的放棄你的作品。
B.抑揚
抑揚是小說乃至整個商業娛樂內容包括影視動漫中的必殺技。
欲揚先抑,先抑后揚,由于篇幅有限,抑與揚,隊長在這里簡單粗暴的總結成,壓低與抬高。
舉例:小A是一個很強的劍客,我們要怎么表現出小A很強,這時我們可以通過抑揚給讀者帶來的震憾與驚喜。首先我們可以先壓低,比如一群NPC強盜各種輕視與看不起小A,覺得外表瘦弱的小A實力普通,要欺負小A與搶走他的武器。
這時有兩種可能,1讀者本來就通過前面的情節已經知道小A很強,2讀者對小A一無所知。
這時我們再抬高,小A對著強盜們出手了,一蓬絢爛的劍光暴出,強盜們紛紛被擊倒,一個個目瞪口呆的看著小A反把他們的武器搶走。
這個時候,原本不知道小A實力的讀者,會有驚喜;而一開始就已經知道小A實力很強的讀者,在小A遭遇危機的最初,就會進入等著小A收拾強盜的‘期待與滿足’的模式。(小說中讀者的“期待與滿足模式”,是推動所有小說發展的內核,這個有機會隊長再跟大家仔細分析,我們繼續看抑揚。
同樣的邏輯下,小A可以是警察,是運動員,NPC們可以是國際犯罪份子,也可以是其他國家的運動員,小A通過情節壓低與抬高之后,都能大放異彩。
抑揚的掌握與熟練使用,將帶給讀者極大的驚喜、期待、滿足。
同樣抑揚,也可以用于事件,比如我們先抑,作者營造出一件驚天大危機,所有人都覺得沒有人能解決,不可能有人解決!這時我們再揚,主角登場了,以眾人都意想不到的手段與方式,化解了這場大危機,從而滿足了讀者的期待。
事件的抑揚,本源上也是對人物的抑揚的放大,只不過大事件的營造,能讓小說的情節與格局變得更大,讀者期待值也會被拉得更高。
二、人物——人物是玄幻小說的靈魂,在幻想小說世界中,人物的刻畫與塑造,更是讀者對小說認同的基礎。
簡單的說,人物分為主角與配角兩大類:: A.主角
玄幻主角大致也可以分為兩種路線,強者型主角與白紙型主角
強者型主角:重生型與強者靈魂穿越型,共同的特點都是擁有大量的修煉經驗與記憶,相當于自帶金手指,這樣的主角在小說起步時會較為強勢
白紙型主角:這樣的主角與強者型主角完全相反,大都是沒有任何經驗的少年,他們往往需要奇遇來獲得金手指,也許小說起步不如強者型那樣有沖擊感,但是卻比強者型主角有更多可以開拓的空間
兩種類型的主角各有優劣,要怎么選擇,還得看作者根據自己的需求最終決定 至于什么樣的主角受歡迎,或者說什么樣的主角更能讓讀者有代入感
這里隊長想用美國漫畫超級英雄兩大陣營來舉一個例子,DC與漫威,DC的主角相對完美,漫威的主角則大多有這樣或者那樣的缺點 綠巨人,鋼鐵俠,金剛狼??這些有缺陷的主角,明顯更接地氣。
紈绔,貪財,好色,囂張,甚至冷酷??大家可以多從經典小說中找到好的模版。同時大家也要記住一點,缺點只是讓主角個性鮮明與增加代入感元素,而不是全部。主角的個性與心性,應該符合大多讀者的道德底線,才能被最大化的認同。
這也是為什么一些玄幻大神筆下的主角,個性中永遠都有努力、刻苦,認真,這個值得大家借鑒。
B.配角
配角又可以分為兩類,女主角與配角
a)女主角的第一原則,就是她塑造出來是讓讀者喜歡的,不管她個性怎么樣,刁蠻也好,傲嬌也好,嫵媚也罷,請一定要記得這一點,讓她的個性中有讓讀者喜歡的部分,否則這個角色就算不成功。
女主角不僅是讓主角喜歡或者曖昧的,同時也是讓讀者喜歡與認同,一個擁有高人氣的女主,往往還能讓讀者對小說的忠誠度上升很多
關于女主角的類型,隊長這里決定用金庸老先生,最經典的小說《鹿鼎記》來舉例列出模版。
? 清純——沐王府小郡主沐劍屏 ? 癡情——少女刺客曾柔 ? 嫵媚——神龍夫人蘇荃 ? 傲嬌——阿珂 ? 溫柔——貼身侍女雙兒 ? 刁蠻——建寧公主
請大家注意人物個性與她的身份背景,因為女主角的個性不可能是憑空形成,必然要有不同的身份、職業與成長背景來相鋪相成。
如果新人作者繼續問隊長,雖然有這些經典模版參照,仍然無法把女角色描寫生動怎么辦?
人物的塑造是需要筆力的積累,如果筆力不到,寫不出神髓,隊長建議可以先把女主角臉譜化。
至于什么叫臉譜化,簡單的說,就是把人物的某個最突出的屬性,放大再放大。舉個極端的例子:
比如某個女角色是冷酷的,那她就百分之八十的時間都冷著臉,冷冷的說話,連出手的風格也是干凈利落與冷峻。這樣相對極端的臉譜化操作,至少能讓讀者對這個女主角的性格印象鮮明。b)配角,有一種說法,主角是為了貫穿劇情的存在,而配角則是用讓讀者欣賞的,這樣的說法可能有些夸張。
但是個性鮮明,充滿魅力是配角們存在的價值之一,不過他們存在更大的價值則是要推動劇情與架構豐富小說的世界。
配角要怎么塑造,方式是多種多樣的,限于篇幅有限,要想把重要配角寫活,隊長這里只提出一個“配角黃金原則”。
那就是配角要有自己的人生目標。
配角不只是推動劇情的元素與,他們要有自己的人生追求。
比如,某籃球小說的男配角,他的理想是要去NBA打球,并為此一直努力,于是他活了!比如,某海賊職業配角,他的理想是要成為天下第一的劍客,并為此永不放棄,于是他活了!
比如,某某配角,他活著是為了復仇,并為此不擇一切手段,于是他也活了!重要的配角,不僅是為了推動情節而存在的木偶,而是要有自己人生目標的!要想塑造出一個成功的配角,就給他靈魂與執著。
三、開局
小說的開局,隊長先說大忌。
就是絕對不能慢熱,這個已經是常識,就不贅述了
能一下就吸引住讀者的開局,小說就等于成功了一半,慢熱的小說也不是完全沒有未來,這需要作者忍受漫長的無人問津與創作的寂寞,并且擁有堅定而強大的內心。
關于開局的形式與模式,也絕對是花樣繁多,隊長這里簡單說一下,最經典的困境模式。困境模式是一種常規開局模式,小說一開始就讓主角陷入一個困境或者危機之中,讓讀者不得不期待主角去解決這個危機,從而走出困境。
這個困境有可能是主角被人退婚了;有可能是被人追債馬上要還錢了;也有可能是修煉不到某個境界,會被逐出家門;還有可能是實力不濟卻立即要跟高手決斗。
困境模式的開啟,是為了一開始就牢牢抓住讀者的視線!給起始劇情增加張力。另外成功的小說開局,絕對離不開三個字,那就是“期待感”。“期待感”就是讓讀者無限的期待,小說的展開與延伸。
一本書能讓讀者期待主角的成長,期待劇情的發展,期待跟隨著主角的視線,去探索未知的世界。
那它的開局基本就已經立于不敗之地了。
期待感的營造,是在無數細節與情節的基礎上實現的,隊長很難三言兩語,就把這個高技術含量的課題,跟大家一下探討出來。但是這里可以教給新作者們一個主角身份的設置,來營造期待感的方式。就是給主角一個不能作為的身份,來讓讀者期待主角有所作為。比如在一個科舉的世界,主角是一個永遠不能參加科舉的贅婿。
比如在一個武者的世界,主角是天生不能修煉的廢材,這同時也算解答了,為什么這么多小說的主角,都是廢材的疑問。
在一個醫生的世界中,主角因為手發生意外,永遠無法再登上手術臺。
伍
玄幻小說的簡易模版與分析
這一篇主是針對從來沒有寫過玄幻小說,或者想成為玄幻作者的新人,希望你們能通過這個玄幻小說的簡-易模版分析,對玄幻小說的創作有所了解。
但是模版替代不了閱讀,要進行玄幻小說的創作,大家還是要大量的閱讀玄幻小說。本篇隊長特別鳴謝五月和皮蛋同學友情協助。A.白紙型主角:
1.廢材崛起類型:如《不死武尊》、《九陽帝尊》
這種類型的文,新人和大神都寫的比較多,也是應用最廣泛的題材。
主角可以是普通地球人穿越到廢材身上,這樣會增加代入感;也可以是本身就是廢材,得到寶貝逆天而起,這兩種差別不大,就統一來看模版流程。
a)初始階段:我們前面節奏中提到過的抑揚,可以將主角能力與身份都設置的比較低。身份的設置就是一個抑的開始,那接下來重點就是揚。
一開始,建議新人作者盡量是在三章以內,讓主角得到一個金手指,讓他有了向上發展的能力和可能。并讓讀者產生強烈的期待感。
這里需要注意三點:
i.壓制的度:能讓讀者感受到主角被壓制即可,并且要篇幅很少的去寫被壓制,主角不能獲得觸及女主等方面的實質性傷害。例如女主被反派抓,就可以激起讀者情緒,沒必要讓女主被玷污,這個就屬于過度了
ii.金手指的設定:隱蔽性,唯一性,可升級性。
iii.金手指的利用:金手指可以解決麻煩,同時因為主角的實力增強,也會帶來新的麻煩。新的麻煩依舊可以用金手指來解決,依次循環,推動劇情發展。
b)獲得金手指之后,等級與境界都會有一定提升,這時新手地圖中,主角的初級對手就會前來挑戰了。
初級對手的等級比主角高,但最好不要超過兩個級別。主角升級速度相較于他人要更快。我們來看一看敵對勢力的處理流程。初級對手出現——主角修煉——打倒初級對手——中級對手(一般會是初級對手的兄長與師長)出現——主角再修煉——打倒中級對手——高級對手(他們往往是世家高層與宗門中的強者)出現——主角再再修煉——打倒高級對手。
如此循環,此時這一張新手地圖的攻略也就完成了。
c)說到地圖,我們來看看地圖這個東西,最初的新手地圖一般是小城,小鎮,離開新手地圖的話,下一張地圖的城市或者社會規模就要有相對的提升,最高級別的人也要比之前地圖的出場人物高。簡單的說,每張不同等級的地圖是必須要跟主角的修煉等級體系掛鉤的,而地圖上的最高等級者,是主角目前未達到的,但并不比主角高出太多的級別。
等級體系與地圖更新體系的設定要有一個簡單的平衡。
d)換地圖之后,主角又會遇上這張地圖的初級對手,中級對手,高級對手。如此循環一番,再走向新地圖。
e)如果你認為這樣看起來,似乎玄幻小說應該很容易寫,那就大錯特錯了。太陽底下沒有新鮮事,讀者要看的不是模版跟公式,模版跟公式只讓你了解玄幻小說的一個基本的邏輯。
小說要想好看,把各種元素組合得讓讀者充滿期待才是王道。我們要懂得組合,也要懂分解。
打個比方,光是主角修煉就可以分解成很多部分,修煉前:反派出現,刻畫反派的實力,說明主角的不足之處——點明主角能夠戰勝的方法——主角依照方法,要去獲得修煉所需要的素材與資源——主角依照方法下副本、去狩獵、去冒險、去拍賣場、去做任務,去爭奪資源。
修煉中:修煉是可以隨時隨地進行的,既可以在一邊獲取資源時一邊修煉,也可以閉關后全心投入的修煉;同時修煉的方式也是多種多樣的,可以淬煉肉體,也可以凝聚真氣,還可以打通穴竅,甚至可以修煉靈魂。
修煉后——最重要的一點就是戰勝原本無法戰勝的對手、怪物,甚至是女主角,拿到原本無法拿到的寶物,修煉原本不能修煉的高級功法,抓到原本不能得到的寵物。
修煉完畢,展開戰斗:主角利用之前積累的優勢,情理之中意料之外的取得勝利。戰斗后:主角的實力和社會地位獲得提升,同時因為戰斗獲得新的提升,并在此埋下下一個高潮的伏筆線索。
2.土著成長類型:可以參考網絡玄幻名家“我吃西紅柿”的作品。這種類型的文,很多爽點和廢材崛起差不多,金手指設計要求也差不多。
主要不同是,廢材崛起類型,在前期有一個抑了再揚的過程,而土著成長類型,很可能注重的是成長的過程,甚至有可能會從主角童年開始寫。這個類型更需要作者的功力,在劇情設置上,跟廢材崛起類的流程大致相同。
B.強者型主角:
3.高手重生少年類型:可以參考網絡玄幻名家“風凌天下”的作品。
這種類型的文,主角一般在前世中有很多遺憾與錯失,或者是自己的修煉上因為走錯一步而無法達到頂峰;或者是自己的家庭因為自己能力不濟而無法保護;或者是自己愛的人,因為自己能力達不到,而不敢追求??
這種文,帶有強烈的感情渲染,有極強的感染力,能讓人很快的進入到劇情之中。主角一般重生在前世失敗的一個節點上,利用上一世的經驗或者小成就,在初始階段就開始扭轉乾坤。
一般都帶有前世的金手指,或者是知道很多法寶的地址,或者是知道很多前世沒法修煉的秘籍功法,或者是在轉世的時候直接帶著一個寶貝重生。
這個時候,讀者就會期待主角再活一次時,來將前世欺壓他的人統統踩下去,來將前世的遺憾統統彌補,來將前世錯失的女子都貼心呵護。
此類文,在套路上來說,前期走的是重新修煉,一步步將前世的遺憾來掃清的過程,高潮點一般都是上一世與這一世一個個沖突的碰撞;中期的時候,就是前世走的最遠的時候所見到的世界,這個時候,全新境界的主角能解決很多前世可望而不可及的事情;后期則是新世界的闖蕩。
4.高手奪舍廢材類型:如《萬古至尊》
這種類型的文,前世主角一定是某一方面或者領域的強勢人物,比如說是煉丹高手,或者是制符高手。
如果把全部境界分為十級,主角相當于已經修煉到接近十級的程度,此時他的靈魂再進入一個廢材的身體,重新活一次。
此類文,最大的爽點是,主角原本強者的身份與現在廢材身份的極大反差,廢材的身份天然的帶著抑的成份,而他前世高手的身份又是他隨時揚的理由,可以極大的方便他直接來扮豬吃虎。
主角用前世的經驗,一路橫掃,在新的世界,新的身份中,他仍然需要獲得資源,來重新修煉一次。
5.高手異世縱橫類型:可以參考玄幻名家“寫字板”的作品 這種類型的文,主要是用一個信息的不對稱來制造爽點。主角在先前世界的知識,放在新世界中,就是一個從來沒有過的東西,也讓主角顯得獨一無二。
或者是游戲中的技能帶到了異世界,或者是仙俠中的修仙體系帶到了魔幻世界,又或者是數學應用于魔法。
通過兩個世界知識體系的碰撞,來渲染放大,主角獨一無所的知識體系與能力。通常主角的能力與知識體系,要對新世界的體系,產生克制與改造。比如東方的古武壓倒魔法,東方的修仙體系壓倒西方的魔幻體系。因為讀者認同的關系,主角所攜帶的東方元素,必將繼續掃蕩新世界。
陸 結語
玄幻小說的創作是一門學問,而且隨著商業娛樂小說的不斷發展,技術含量將會越來越高,因為篇幅的關系,其實還有一些諸如大綱怎么寫,人設怎么做,情節應該怎么展開,與敵人的矛盾沖突驅動,這已經涉及到網絡小說甚至所有的小說,這里隊長沒有過多的提及。
第三篇:英語詩歌——入門
詩歌是純文學。英美文學傳統中此種文學形式十分繁榮,在這方面甚至可與被稱為“詩的國度”的中國相提并論。正如學習漢語不明詩詞歌賦為何物,就難入佳境一樣,學習英文而不解詩味,也堪稱憾事。然而,由于用詞典雅、句法精煉、形式別致以及意象豐富等等緣故,英文詩號稱難讀。本課程精選莎士比亞以來名家名詩數十首,解其句讀,析其格律,達其妙趣,并判其風格,使初學者嘗其一臠,略知滋味,并望其由此獲得進入英詩寶庫之門徑。
導引
詩歌是一種精美的藝術,趣味高一點的人一般都喜歡詩歌。受過良好教育的中國人都會背誦若干首古詩。現在人們很重視學習英文,學習英文,視野也應寬闊一些,也應當對英文詩歌多少有些領略才好。中國文學中詩歌成就極大,英語文學中,詩歌也極其豐富多彩。語言藝術的最高表現形式在詩歌。如果只是知道實用性的英文,只學習商業英文、法律英文等英文,對英語文學毫無修養,對英文詩歌一無所知,那將是一個不小的遺憾,將會影響到審美能力的發展和提高,學英文而不懂英文詩歌,不僅從審美角度看是一個遺憾,而且從英語學習這一角度看,不學一些英文詩歌,其英語水平也達不到很高的層次。詩歌語言最精煉,語匯最豐富,表達形式最精美,語言的色調最細膩。如果對詩歌有一定修養,其語言表達能力會大大提高。試想一個學漢語的人,如果對唐詩宋詞一無所知,其漢語水平不會很高。學英語者也是如此。如果他對莎士比亞、彌爾頓、華茲華斯、拜倫、雪萊、濟慈等人的著名詩篇一竅不通,其英文水平也不會很高。
總之,有一定英語基礎的人不能不更上一層樓,讀一點英文詩。這不僅有助于提高我們的文學素養,豐富我們的審美能力,也有助于提高我們的英語水平。
英詩基礎知識
讀英文詩歌相當不容易。其中的主要原因是詩歌有其獨特的語言特點和表達方式,與散文有明顯區別。為更好地欣賞英文詩歌,很有必要了解一些相關的基本知識。這方面的知識極其細致,以下只介紹一些最基本的。
一 節奏
詩歌是具有音樂性的語言。音樂作品的最大特點之一是音符的流動是有節奏的。所謂節奏就是強拍和弱拍按一定的形式配合起來,有規律地反復出現。懂點音樂的人都知道,音樂中基本的節奏有兩種,即強——弱(2/4拍)和強——弱——弱(3/4拍)。舉兩個簡單的例子: 《東方紅》的節奏就是強——弱: 56│2 —│1 16│2 —│5 5│6i 65│1 16│2 —│
《新年好》(HAPPY NEW YEAR)這首兒歌的節奏是強——弱——弱: 1 5 │33 3 1│13 5 5 │43 2 —│23 4 4 │32 3 1│13 2 5│72 1 —│
中國古詩有節奏。其節奏主要是通過漢字特有的聲調表現出來的。傳統漢語中的聲調有四:平、上、去、入。平聲稱“平聲”,上、去、入三聲統稱仄聲。平聲與仄聲結合起來反復出現,就是中國詩歌的節奏。如一首五言絕句,其最常見的節奏是: 仄仄平平仄,平平仄仄平。平平平仄仄,仄仄仄平平。王之渙《等鸛雀樓》:白日依山盡,黃河入海流。欲窮千里目,更上一層樓。此詩即是這樣的節奏。其中“欲”字是仄聲,與格式不合。但根據格律要求,詩行中的第一字可平可仄。英文詩歌也有節奏。英文沒有平聲、仄聲之分,但有重讀輕讀音節之分,其節奏是通過重讀音節與輕讀音節表現出來的。一個重讀音節與一個或兩個輕讀音節按一定的模式搭配起來,有規律地反復出現就是英文詩歌的節奏。
我們知道凡是有兩個以上音節的英文單詞,都有重讀音節與輕讀音節之分,在一句話中,根據語法、語調、語意的要求,有些詞也要重讀,有些要輕讀。如he went to town to buy a book..I’m glad to hear the news.英文中有重讀和輕讀之分,重讀的音節和輕讀的音節,按一定模式配合起來,反復再現,組成詩句,聽起來起伏跌宕,抑揚頓挫,就形成了詩歌的節奏。多音節單詞有重音和次重音,次重音根據節奏既可視為重讀,也可視為輕讀。讀下面這兩句詩:
Alone │she cuts │and binds│ the grain, And sings │a me│lancho│ly strain.這兩行詩的重讀與輕讀的固定搭配模式是:輕——重。在每行中再現四次,這樣就形成了這兩行詩的節奏。某種固定的輕重搭配叫“音步”(foot),相當與樂譜中的“小節”。一輕一重,就是這兩行詩的音步。一行詩中輕重搭配出現的次數叫音步數,這兩行詩的音步數都是四,所以就稱其為四音步詩。
第四篇:淺談三年級英語入門
淺談三年級英語的入門
普蘭店市四平中心小學
陳金宏
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淺談三年級英語的入門
摘要:小學英語學科教學工作已經在小學開展多年,雖然它也是與數學、語文一樣重要的工具學科,但是學生的認知程度確存在很大的差距,兩級分化明顯。我自己擔任小學英語教學工作多年,是一名普通的英語教師,關于小學英語教育,我覺得最為關鍵的是有夯實的語言基礎,基礎打好了才能建起高樓大廈,才能更好為以后的學習服務,由此可見抓好三年級英語學習的入門就尤為重要。
關鍵詞: 英語課堂 三年級學生 師生關系 興趣 游戲 活動 一、三年級英語是一棵萌芽的種子
2011版的義務教育英語課程標準,規定小學三年級要達到一級總體目標具體如下:對英語有好奇心,喜歡聽他人說英語。在學習中樂于模仿,敢于表達,對英語具有一定的感知能力,對學習中接觸的外國文化習俗感興趣等。三年級英語在小學階段所要求掌握的詞匯、句型在小學階段來說非常簡單;學生對英語也很渴望,初學時極為感興趣,喜歡聽說英語。我想,如果教師和學生能夠共同小心培養發展這種興趣,那么對學生的英語終生發展來有著很大意義。
二、和諧的師生關系,是激活英語課堂的前提 做教師要自己獨特的人格魅力,這樣老師才會想吸鐵石一樣,對學生產生強大的磁場;除此之外教師和學生應該建立美好的師生關系。有關報道也指出,“知識傳授的渠道在拓寬,師生情感交流的渠道卻在不斷縮小。”蘇聯教育家霍姆林斯基曾經這樣認為:“師生之間是一種互相有好感、互相尊重的和諧關系這將有利于教學任務的完成”。作為一名小學英語教師,我們應走進學生的心靈世界,在教學過程中,我們也應努力營造和諧的教學氣氛,保持學生們興致勃勃的情緒,思索判斷的神態,躍躍欲試的舉止,使英語課堂氣氛濃郁,生動活躍,而從開發學生英語學習的潛能,提高英語語言素質。要尊重信任每一名學生,不戴有色眼鏡看學生。
三、入門是關鍵
興趣是第一老師,有人說,興趣是一種動力。一個人,無論做什么事情,如果這件事情是他比較感興趣的事,那么他一定非常愿意去做。孔子說:“知之者不如好之者。好之者不如樂之者。”,愛因斯坦也說過:“興趣是最好的老師”。那么如何讓小學三年級學生對英語產生濃厚的興趣呢?首先我們來說一下小學三年級的學生的特點:小學三年級學生天真活潑好動,善于模仿,對英語有著強烈的好奇心;根據學生的性格特點和我每學交的三年級學生上的第一節課的期待的眼神中,可以肯定學生對英語的具有強烈的求知欲望。但是,隨著英語課的一點點開展你會發現問題越來越多,學生們大多失去了原有的熱情和天真。
(一)邁好第一步,上好第一節英語課
教師具有親和力,保持耐心,和熱情,要愛我們的學生的機智聰明,甚至要更愛那些學困生。三年級學生剛接觸英語既簡單又難。如外研版的三上第一模塊第一單元就是I’m Sam.在本課時主要學習見面打招呼、自我介紹及道別用語Hello./Hi.Goodbye./Bye-Bye.I'm...。為此,我為學生創設見面打招呼、自我介紹以及道別等情景,使學生了解英語常用用語以及使用環境。看似簡單的單詞對話,但是如果沒有提前的預習和英語一點點的了解,學生認讀起來就相當的困難。怎么樣開展這一課的學習呢?首先,我很歡快的和學生們打招呼用手勢介紹自己,:“Hello,I’m Icery.”我在示范時,用手勢語言輔助學生理解。對于初學者來講,體態語言和手勢語可幫助他們理解和記憶,因此教師要適時利用手勢和動作甚至表情來配合教學并拿出提前畫好的Sam Amy Daming Lingling 的頭飾讓學們對這四個人物有初步的印象。再通過播放光盤讓學生看動畫,進一步加深印象。在小組學習時,讓學生兩人一組,要求學生充分利用A:Hello, I’m? B:Hello,? A:I’m?B:Hi,? A:Goodbye? B:Bye-bye ?進行練說,并讓學生根據問句不同采用不同的答語。在在鞏固聯系環節,玩游戲。首先,將全班學生分為兩大組。教師播放英文歌曲,兩組學生同時開始傳花,當老師的鼓聲停止時,兩組各有一名學生拿到花,這時,拿到花的學生就說Hello, I'm ?/Hi, I'm ?。學生在快樂的游戲中聯系了本課的句型。
(二)良好的學習英語習慣
學習習慣是在學習過程中經過反復練習形成并發展,成為一種個體需要的自動化學習行為方式。養成良好的學習習慣,有利于激發學生學習的積極性和主動性;有利于形成學習策略,提高學習效率;有利于培養自主學習能力;有利于培養學生的創新精神和創造能力,使學生終身受益。教師在課堂上多講英語,配合用一些肢體語言是學生理解,培養學生認真傾聽的能力,給學生足夠的時間朗讀英語,和聽錄音,讓學生多講英語,是學生形成良好的英語素養,培養學生逐漸形成強烈的語感。
(三)課堂“活”起來
1.TPR教學法
要想學生對英語興趣得到長期持續的發展。教師要充分的把握學生愛動的心理,了解其內心的特點,根據教材的題材,精心設計課堂,讓每一節課都豐富多彩。三年級的學生活潑好動,好奇心強,通過一段時間的學習,初步掌握了一些基本的單詞,能模仿老師或錄音的發音,對新語言表現出好奇心和興趣,但是往往掌握的不牢固。需要通過各種教學方式反復的練習、不斷的強化才能鞏固所學知識。比如我在上I like football.時就先展示實物籃球、足球、乒乓球,然后教授單詞,并微笑著拍著籃球說,I like basketball.運用TPR教學法,教授籃球、足球、乒乓球、體操并且做相應動作,幫助學生自主記憶。
2.模擬創造真實場景,讓學生在真實的語境中去學習。比如在學習It’s red 這一課Practice環節時.告訴孩子們我們的生活是五彩繽紛的,我們的教室里到處都有鮮艷的色彩,讓孩子指著不同的顏色說It’s red、green等等。
3.結合課堂轉型,利用小組合作,采用比賽形式,將被動變為主動,鼓勵學生自主學習,合作學習,互相幫助。在每節課的English show 前讓學生結合上節課的重點自設相關話題,分小組展示,課后做出評價,給與獎勵,是學生樂于學習。
四、積極的語言暗示
美國心理學家羅森塔爾和他的助手做了一個實驗,他們來到一所學校,“認真”測定了某些孩子有遠大前途。誰知幾個月后,被隨意指定為有前途的孩子精神煥發。學習成績明顯進步,原因何在?原來是大心理學家運用自己的權威有意暗示了老師,老師流露的興奮和積極又不知不覺暗示了孩子及父母,孩子的心理接受了來自大心理學家、老師和父母的贊美、肯定和期待,他的上進心、理想和信心象注入了“激素”一樣,情緒飽滿,愉快活潑,積極勤奮,這就是“羅森塔爾效應”,也就是信任和期待的效應,積極暗示的效應。由此可見,教師如果對學生將一些積極向上的話,三年級可愛天真的孩子一定會倍加的努力。
總之,三年級入門學習很重要,我們要共同努力使三年級學生愛上英語,愛講英語,形成良好的基礎,為以后的英語學習打下良好的基礎。
參考文獻:
1.英語課程標準 北京師范大學出版集團 2.英語(三上)外語教學研究出版社
第五篇:英語小說讀后感
英語小說讀后感
篇一:呼嘯山莊英語>讀后感
The book was written by Emily Bronte, it published in 1847.But at that time, it seemed to hold little promise, selling very poorly and receiving only a few mixed reviews.I found this in our school library, I chose this book because the title attracted me.The book is structured around two parallel love stories, the first half of the novel centering on the love between Catherine and Heathcliff, while the less dramatic second half features the developing love between young Catherine and Hareton.In contrast to the first, the latter tale ends happily, restoring peace and order to Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange.In the story, the two houses, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, represent opposing worlds and values.I spent twenty days reading this book.After reading this book, I felt for Heathcliff at first.Heathcliff begins his life as a homeless orphan on the streets of Liverpool, and then he tyrannized by Hindley Earnshaw.But he becomes a villain when he acquires power and returns to Wuthering Heights with money and the trappings of a gentleman.His malevolence proves so great and long—lasting.As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella—his wife is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still come cringing back for more.Catherine represents wild nature, in both her high, lively spirits and her occasional cruelty.She loves Heathcliff so intensely that she claims they are the same person.However, her actions are driven in part by her social ambitions, which initially are awakened during her first stay at the Lintons, and which eventually compel her to marry Edgar.Catherine is free—spirited, beautiful, spoiled, and often arrogant, she is given to fits of temper, and she is torn between her both of the men who love her.The location of her coffin symbolizes the conflict that tears apart her short life.She is buried in a corner of the Kirkyard.In contrast to Catherine, Isabella Linton—Catherine’s sister—in—law represents culture and civilization, both in her refinement and in her weakness.Ultimately, she ruins her life by falling in love with Heathcliff.He never returns her feelings and treats her as a meretool in his quest for revenge on the Linton family.Just as Isabella Linton serves as Catherine’s foil, Edgar Linton serves as Heathcliff’s.Edgar grows into a tender, constant, but cowardly man.He is almost the ideal gentleman.However, this full assortment of gentlemanly characteristics, along with his civilized virtues, proves useless in Edgar’s clashes with his foil.He sees his wife obviously in love with another man but unable to do anything to rectify the situation.Heathcliff, who gains power over his wife, sister , and daughter.The whole story make people’s mood heavy.Fortunately, the end is happy.The author Emily Bronte lived an eccentric, closely guarded life.She was born in 1818, two years after Charlotte—the author of Jane Eyre and a year and a half before her sister Anne, who also became an author.Her father worked as a church rector, and her aunt, who raised the Bronte children after their mother died, was deeply religious.Emily Bronte did not take to her aunt’s Christian fervor, the character of Joseph, a caricature of an evangelical, may have been inspired by her aunt’s religiosity.The Brontes lived in Haworth, a Yorkshire village in the midst of the moors.These wild, desolate expanses—later the setting of Wuthering Heights—made up the Brontes daily environment, and Emily lived among them her entire life.She died in 1848, at the age of thirty.篇二:綠野仙蹤英語讀后感
After reading this wonderful story, I can feel love, brave, deep friendship and some other good spirits in the people.The Scarecrow wanted some brains, but on the way to the Emerald City, he thought out of a way to cross the river.The Cowardly Lion wanted to be brave, but when they met the river, he carried other friends to jump across it.And the Tin Man wanted a heart, he said he couldn’t love, but he didn’t want to hurt any animal.In fact, they all have the things they want: the Scarecrow is clever, the Cowardly Lion is brave and the Tin Man is kind-hearted.This book tells us a story of how a little girl Dorothy goes back to her hometown when she is in another strange city.Dorothy is a little girl who lived with her aunt and uncle in Kansas.The weather there is very bad, sometimes there was a cyclone.When a cyclone came, people stayed under their houses.But one day a cyclone blows Dorothy’s house, with Dorothy and her dog Toto in it, to a country called Oz.In that city there are four witches and a very famous wizard—the Wizard of Oz.And Dorothy’s house just fell on the bad Witch of the East and killed her, so the people there were very happy.Dorothy took the witch’s red shoes and wore them.She wanted to go home to Kansas but she doesn’t know how to get there.So the Witch of North told her to go to the Emerald City to find the Wizard of Oz to help her.Then Dorothy met the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion, but they need help too.The Scarecrow wanted some brains, the Tin Man wanted a heard, and the Cowardly Lion wanted to be rave.So they all take the yellow brick road to the Emerald City.On the way to the Emerald City they met some difficulties, but they solved them successfully.After they met the Wizard of Oz, the wizard gave them another challenge—to kill the bad Witch of the West and they accept.During the way to the Witch of the West’s house, they were caught by the witch and Dorothy was requested to work for her.One day, when the witch tried to catch Dorothy’s red shoes, Dorothy threw some water on the witch by accident and the Witch of the West disappeared.Only water can kill her.So Dorothy went back to the Emerald City with her friends but they found the Wizard of Oz is not a real wizard, he is also a man came from Kansas, and he is just a conjurer.He wanted to go back to Kansas too.So he made a big balloon and prepared to go.But when the balloon is going to raise, Dorothy’s dog Toto jumped away to run after a cat, so Dorothy had to get Toto back and they were left in Oz.Then Dorothy and Toto went and find the Witch of the South and the witch told them they can just use the red shoes on Dorothy’s feet, they’re a pair of magic shoes, they could take anybody go back to their home as soon as she said‘East, west—home is the best!’After Dorothy said goodbye to her friends, she went back to her new home with her dog.It’s really a wonderful risk.Yes, no matter where we are, home is always the best place for us to rest or study.There are our parents here;there are also our favorite things here.At home, we feel safe, we feel comfortable, and we can relax ourselves.篇三:小王子英語讀后感
This story’s name is “The little prince”。As it known to all, we will encounter a lot of difficulties, even hardships.Different people may have different ways to deal with them.After reading The Little Princess, I am deeply impressed by Sara’s way to deal with difficulties.The Little Princess was written by Frances Hodgson Burnett, a famous novelist and dramatist.Sara, the heroine of the novel, was born in a rich family.In order to get a better education, her father took her from India to London so that she could go to the best school.Because Sara was kind-hearted, generous and most of all—rich, she was loved by everyone.All went well until her father died in an accident.Everything changed completely.She didn’t understand why the teachers and classmates treated her so badly.Even the principal who used to be fond of her, made her work 16 hours a day.Sara’s miserable life began.When I finished reading the book, I was shocked by what the unimaginable pain Sara had suffered after her father’s death.She used to be a happy, worriless, and rich Princess, but now she was a lonely and poor servant.She had to work very hard without any rest but only had little food.Besides she had to endure the unfriendly and even rude ways that her classmates treated her.All teachers and students in the school looked down upon her.The most important fact is that Sara had lost the love and care of her parents.What a mighty pain!If you were Sara, could you stand such pain? Needless to say,an 11 years old girl, even if it were an adult,he might not put up with it.But to my surprise, Sara faced it bravely.Despite of the torture of the principal and all those pressures above, she still was optimistic towards life.By reading this novel, I felt inspired and think much.When we meet such difficulties, what should we do? Some people always complain that the fate is unfair to them.Some people can’t sustain the hardships and choose to give up.Few of them even try to commit suicide because they lack the courage to overcome it.Compared with Sara—an eleven years old girl who can treat the pressure of life with optimistic spirit, these people’s performances are sounded so lamentable.Why can’t they make it?However, what impress me most are her characteristics and the thought of her “being a real princess.” This “real princess” does not mean luxury palaces, beautiful clothes and the apple of the others’ eyes, but being kind, generous and having good manners.It is unnecessary for “a real princess” to be strong in body, but she must be strong in will.Sara is a real princess in my heart all the time, whether she was rich and wore beautiful clothes in the classroom or she was cold and hungry in the attic, just because she had the good characters and kind heart.The story went on.Fortunately, a friend of Sara’s father found her and told her that her father left a great sum of money to her.I pray and believe that every good person in the world deserve a good result, and of course, we are the same.