第一篇：浙大2011考博真題之人文學院中國文化史方向

浙大2011考博真題人文學院之中國文化史方向

科目一：古漢語

1、談談《說文解字》的特點，列舉清代說文學的學者和著作。（10分）

2、談談《經籍纂詁》和《漢語大詞典》的特色。（15分）

3、就你熟悉的一部古書談談其語言特色。（15分）

4、出十個句子，要求解釋每句的加點字，有繁體的還需寫出繁體。共20分。具體的就不記得了，舉幾個例子：如“古人秉燭夜游，良有以也”，要求解釋“良”和“以”的意思；又如“生人作死別，恨恨那可論”，要求解釋“恨恨”的意思。

5、給出材料，主要要求是標點和將其翻譯為現代漢語，共40分。有兩段材料，分別如下： 其一：

句踐說于國人曰寡人不知其力之不足也而又與大國執讎以暴露百姓之骨于中原此則寡人之罪也寡人請更于是葬死者問傷者養生者吊有憂賀有喜送往者迎來者去民之所惡補民之不足。

其二：

佗之絕技凡此類也然本作士人以醫見業意常自悔后太祖親理得病篤重使佗專視佗曰此近難濟恒事攻治可延歲月佗久遠家思歸因曰當得家書方欲暫還耳到家辭以妻病數乞期不反太祖累書呼又敕郡縣發遣佗恃能厭食事猶不上道太祖大怒使人往檢若妻信病賜小豆四十斛寬假限日若其虛詐便收送之於是傳付許獄考驗首服荀彧請曰佗術實工人命所縣宜含宥之太祖曰不憂天下當無此鼠輩耶遂考竟佗。

科目二：中國文學史

1、論建安時期的文學創作。

2、論南朝樂府民歌。

3、論劉禹錫、柳宗元的詩歌創作。

4、論宋代話本及其藝術成就。

5、論吳江派和臨川派的戲曲創作。

共五題，各20分。

第二篇：2016年浙大考博英語真題部分試題

2016年浙江大學博士生英語

聽力 PART A Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.-----文章來源 托福聽力

聽力是 托福內容，完型填空 是大學英語教程第四冊里面的內容~~~

完型閱讀

Gold Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”

PS：聽力第一題 五個答案為：1.a good sampling 2.exotic birds 3.a safe distance 4.running a canoe 5.a close view

2016年浙大英語考博完形填空原文，各位考生可以回憶下 你選對了幾個~~~~~Gold

Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”

翻譯原文

Researchers found that sport shoppers don't just bargain hunt for the best deals, but also for the thrill of it.研究人員發現，“運動型消費者”不僅在尋找最優價，他們還很享受買促銷品帶給他們的興奮感。

Professors from San Francisco State University revealed this new breed of shoppers and presented evidence that they have similar behaviors of competitive athletes in that they view bargain shopping as an achievement domain.Achievement goal theory, which describes the motivational behavior of sports athletes in achieving their athletic goals, was used in the study to better understand the motivation of sport shoppers.The study looked at American undergraduate students, who filled out open-ended surveys, participated in interviews and took part in closet inventories.The researchers then analyzed the information using three categories: task, ego and social approval.'This is somebody who takes great pride in their ability to get the thing they want at a discount,' said Kathleen O'Donnel, associate dean of the School of Business.'It's not about spending the least, it's about saving the most.' O'Donnell is the lead author on an article published online Nov.14 in the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, with Judi Strebel, chair of the marketing department, and their Australian colleague Gary Mortimer of Queensland University as co-authors.The article, titled, 'The thrill of victory: Women and sport shopping,' will be published in print early in 2016.

第三篇：川大考博呼吸真題

四川大學華西2018考博呼吸內科及大內科真題

呼吸內科專科題：

1.舉例說明三種支氣管擴張劑，簡述期其應用，2.有關哮喘和COPD的一道病例分析題，（20分）

3.ARDS的定義和最新診斷標準，4.CAP的診斷標準，5.機械通氣撤機困難應考慮哪些原因，6.COPD的定義，分級，分期，7.活動性肺結核的治療原則和初治和復治的要點，大內科公共題，選2個，20分

呼吸：呼吸支持技術？簡述其要點

心內：冠心病二級預防

消化：潰瘍性結腸炎和crohn腸病鑒別

腎內：2選1 AKI診斷及分期

慢性腎功能不全透析指針

內分泌：酮癥酸中毒基本處理原則

血液：出血性疾病診斷試驗及意義

免疫：系統性硬化的臨床分型，實驗室特點，治療原則

感染：臨床常用抗生素種類及使用基本原則

第四篇：吉大考博馬哲真題

2008年馬克思主義哲學原理、原著研究

一、列寧《哲學筆記》中說：“問題不在于有沒有運動，而在于如何在概念的邏輯中去表達它。”如何理解

這個論斷

二、如何理解人對世界的否定性統一關系

三、如何理解人的歷史活動與歷史規律的關系

四、談談改革開放以來馬克思主義哲學研究獲取的重要成果

西方哲學

一、如何理解芝諾“阿基里斯永遠追不上烏龜”

二、評述休謨懷疑主義及其對后世影響

三、黑格爾對康德先驗邏輯的的批判

四、后現代主義哲學對西方傳統哲學的批判

2009年馬克思主義哲學原理、原著研究

一、思維和存在的關系問題

二、馬克思《1844年經濟學哲學手稿》對黑格爾哲學的整體評價

三、邏輯學認識論辯證法三統一

四、以某一個哲學理論為例，談近三十的哲學發展（當前焦點）

西方哲學

一、柏拉圖的理念論

二、康德實踐哲學

三、黑格爾邏輯學認識論辯證法三者統一

四、后現代主義哲學思潮特征及其對馬克思主義哲學的影響

2010年馬克思主義哲學原理、原著研究

一、辯證法與形而上學的比較

二、如何理解《費爾巴哈提綱》中的實踐觀

三、如何理解真理具有客觀性

四、論述近年來馬克思主義哲學在中國的發展

西方哲學

一、亞里士多德的形而上學

二、近代哲學的主體性，并結合后現代主義的“主體性已經死亡”進行論述

三、康德的“二律背反”

四、語言學轉向

2011年馬克思主義哲學

一、論述關于《費爾巴哈提綱》的內容，并評述。

二、科學與哲學的關系

三、真理論與價值論的關系

談談近三十年國內關于歷史唯物主義的主要觀點，并談談你自己的理解。

西方哲學

一、亞里士多德的“實體”學說

二、論述從洛克、貝克萊、休謨經驗論發展的內在邏輯

三、黑格爾的“實體即主體”學說

四、邏輯經驗主義如何拒斥形而上學

第五篇：08-12-13-14年西安交大考博真題__生化與分生

2008年西安交大考博 生化與分生

一．單選題（1分x20）二．不定項選擇題（1分x10）三．名詞解釋（3分x10）

1.one-carbon unit 2.內含子 3.選擇性剪接 4.G蛋白 5.糖酵解 6.遺傳密碼 7.核酸分子雜交 8.反義RNA 9.端粒酶 10.（記不起來了）四．簡述題（40分）

1． 蛋白質分離、純化的方法？

2． 試述原核生物復制中的酶及各自的功能？

3． 原核生物基因和真核生物基因表達過程各自的特點？ 試述在細胞水平研究基因功能的方法有哪些？

2012年西安交通大學考博 生化與分生

一，選擇題 1分*30 基本都忘了。。就記得幾個：核苷酸的最終代謝產物？膽固醇最終個轉化為？動態突變是？真核基因組的特點？ 二，適配題 10分

將10個常用的分子生物學技術與它們的用途配對，都是很常見的技術 western blot啊，RNAi啊，CHIP啊，ELISE等 三，問答題 5分*6個

1，何謂Km值？ 2，何謂一碳單位？ 3，何謂移碼突變，有何生物意義？

4，mRNA的加工過程 5，何謂基因表達的時空性 6，何謂糖異生，有何意義？ 四，論述 10分*3個

1，LDL的功能及代謝途徑 2，逆轉錄的過程及意義 3，常用的基因功能分析策略

（生化專業）考題

名詞解釋：每題1分

40個，不難，很基礎，認真看書過30個沒問題 2.簡答題：每題5分

操縱子，酶的共價修飾，一碳單位，不對稱轉錄，基因診斷，糖酵解關鍵酶 3.論述題：每題10分

G蛋白結構及功能，脂肪酸氧化 3.實驗：每題10分 基因功能研究策略

西安交通大學醫學院2013生物化學與分子生物學考博真題回憶

一、前面是30個單選題，物質代謝和分子生物學神馬的大概各有一半，有幾個比較偏的，大部分比較容易

二、簡答題

1、酶的變構調節

2、磷酸戊糖途徑的反應過程和生理意義

3、一碳單位及意義

4、基因表達的時空性

5、什么是反轉錄

6、基因診斷常用的核酸分子雜交技術

三、問答題

某研究生發現了一個在腫瘤高表達的基因，問

1、如何確定該基因產物與別的蛋白質有相互作用。

2、細胞水平研究該基因功能的方法

3、在體研究該基因功能的方法

四、論述題

1、酮體的生成和利用

2、試闡述“生物大分子的相互作用是信號傳導網絡調控基因表達的基礎”

3、染色體水平的表達調控機制

2014年西安交通大學考博 生化與分生

一、40個單選（40分）

二、簡答題（每題5分，共30分）

1.何謂鳥氨酸循環，其生物學意義是什么？

2.何謂DNA逆轉錄，發現它的生物學意義是什么？ 3.細胞內小分子第二信使的特點是什么？ 4.何謂基因敲除，基因敲如，基因敲低？ 5.基因工程中克隆載體和表達載體有何不同？ 6.轉錄因子的基本結構特點是什么？

三、論述題（每題10分，共30分）1.試述蛋白質翻譯后化學修飾的主要類型和作用 2.試述真核生物基因表達的染色質水平調控 3.試述研究核酸-蛋白質相互作用的主要方法