第一篇：英語專業(yè)美國文學(xué)期末考試重點,小字號已排

1.The puritanpietyAn American Tragedyproves to be his greatest 2.Anne BradstreetTenth MuseThe three dominant figuresWilliam Howells Henry 3.In American literature,RationalismAbout Dreiser's It traces the tragic and the matrial rise of4.At the reason and revolutionEnlightenment MovementAs a genre ,naturalismheredity and environment 5.Captain John Smithusually was regarded as the firstIt is not surprising to findDreiser's 6.From 1732 to 1758Poor Richard's AlmanacA big change which tookhe became bitterly sceptical 7.The AmericanPuritanismas a culturalThe most recognizable literary movementExpatriate th8.The romantic period of American literatureThe Sketch BookIn the first part of the 20the Austrian Sigmund Fre 9.In the middle of 19th century,the American RenaissanceAs to the descriptions ofLewis is a sociological writer 10.New England Transcendentalismis usually agreed to be theHemingway once saidiceberg 11.In the following works, The Sketch Booksigns the beginningYoknapatawphahas become an allegory or a parable 12.According toRalph Emerson,man's capacity is infiniteWhich from 1945 onwards?A group of new writers who13.As a philosophical and literaryEmerson and ThoreauThe followingmodern workIts perspective is shifted14.Which of the following poet isJames Russell LowellMost of O'NeillSuccess and failure in man's literary 15.The essayNature,written by Ralph Waldo EmersonWhich “Roaring 20s”Many of them portrayed the 16.In spite of strong foreign influences,American type of charaAbout the first few decadesThere was a decline in so 17.18.Which of the 19.Moby Dick, 20.Emily DickinsonRomantic period Melville's masterpiece,is regarded asMost heroes and heroinesis now recognized not only as a great21.Dickinson's poems are usually 22.The subjects of Emily Dickinson'sthe whole human beings,whicman and morality23.Which charact Emily 24.In American literature the firsther poems are usually rather long and25.Irving was best known forThe Legend of Sleepy Washington Irving26.Washington got his idea 27.Rip van winkle is foundGerman legend28.It is on his 29.In Rip Van Winkletales about AmericaThe Sketch Book, washington agrees with the protagonist onthat Washington30.F31.In the well-known story Rip.James Cooper is worth the honor of being “the American S”the War for Independence32.Washington Rip famous for 33.“strange names were over”Rip's 20-years sleepIrving:“Rip Van Winkle”34.in the following statements,Irving describes Rip;s response35.The famous 20 years in Rip 36.Which about Washington is notconcern with the passage of timeHe is preoccupied with the37.About Washingt , Father of American 38.New england Transcendentalism was 39.The publication ofNatureestablished Emerson as the mostHis writings preferred 1830s40.The main issues involved in 41.American Transcendentalists42.According to Emerson,both A and Bman is divine in namenature,man and the universe43.which by 44.About the basic principlesthe Transcendental 45.walt Whitman was Which ofthe poems in Whitman'sIntuition is less important thanNature is ennobling andThey sing of the“ en-”46.as a great innovator47.as a man of literary 48.“There is evil in every human heart”free verse poetry without a fixed beatexploring the complexity of human49.Hawthorne's unique gift 50.Pearl is the heroine About the novel The ScarletT he Scarlet Lettersymbolic storiesNathaniel HawthorneWhitman's poemsIn it the letter“A”takes the sameWhich of Whitman's poetic style?a strict poetic formHemingway once regarded theHis strong tendency to use ofWho is described by Mark TwainAdventures of Huckleberry FinnMark Twain, one of Winterbourne is used aslocal colorHuckleberry FinnWhich of the American naturalinarrator of the eventsWhich about Mark languageTheir characters were conceivedThe American realists approachedHis sentence structures are long By the turn of the centurya comprehensive picture ofThe Portrait of a Lady About the titled heroineis about a young American girl whoan optimist...an almost despairingWhich the novel Sister Carrie?She comes from the new world but As to the American realistsIts heroine is a country girlTheodore Dreiser was influencedThey aimed at the interpretationHenry James is generally regarded asRalph Waldo Emerson

Another fact that made About Naturalismstream of consciousness ChicagoThe term“The Gilded Age”is the scene of Dreiser'sAmerican Naturalism is a reaction against Twain

Henry James's emphasis on

Henry JamesGenerally speaking,all thoseis considered the founder of Psychologicalthe characters' psychology and thethe Realistic Period

Dreiser's naturalism and hispessimists

Which of writing style Mark Twainis considered“the true father of American”

all of themStephen Grane

In his novels ,Faulkner Which Imagist Movement?the decline of the Southern Which Hemingway's heroes?The treatment of the medium In his poetry,Robert Frost Which of to Arms?He can be physically destro Despite all its apparentNew England

About the major plotIt tells a story about the tragic men standing alone in the bleakAs to Hemingway's writingThe hero became a victim of the In the following Fitzgerald summarizedThe Crash marked the beginning ofThe use of short, simpleWhich The leading playwrightrefined languageThe Great Gatsby

“The Apparition of these”Which of William Faulkner?His poems are mostly conEugene O'Neill After the First World War, As a poet inImagismHe often depicts slumThe publication of The Waste Land20th ,Robertrejected the...way to be new The Lost Generation Early in the 1920s,WhichEugene O'Neill T.S.EliotFaulkner of literary modernism?A Farewell to Arms “For i have too much”wrote about the society Which about Hemingway'sis tired of the work of apple-picChinese poetry an philosophyMan can be physically In American literatureEzra Pound

One of the major subjectsWhich in O'Neill'sthe expatriate movement John Steinbeck is Which..features ofHe looked upon...symblosThey are always seeking meaning The American social upheavalst he Great Depressionthe dislocation of narrative time Ezra Pound is a leadingWorld War2In the 1960s and 1970s,Imagist In the 1920s,O'Neill establishedboth B and CIn 1954,Typical of the “iceberg”Ernest HemingwayThe Hairy Ape O'Neillwas awarded Allen Ginsburg's Howlwon the Pulitzer Prize four Ernest Hemingway's Chinesethe Beat Generation Hemingway's first truepoetry and philosophy have In William Faulkner's The SoundThe Sun Also Risesstream of conscious

第二篇：美國文學(xué) 期末考試 總結(jié)一

1.The Minister’s Black Veil--Hawthorne, 人物：Hooper

總結(jié)：A universally beloved minister appears in church one Sunday wearing a small black

veil which hides his face from the forehead to the mouth.Everyone is made uneasy by this.After he has worn it for several Sundays a delegation from the congregation go to his home

to ask him to remove it, or at least explain why he is wearing it.But intimidated脅迫 by the veil,they are afraid to raise the subject.His bride-to-be then declares she will speak to him about it.When he will not discuss the

matter with her she says she is afraid to marry him unless he lifts the veil at least once, or tells her

why he must refuses.He will not but begs her to marry him anyway, instead of condemning them

each to a lonely life.He continues to wear the veil throughout a lonely life.Everyone avoids him

but his sermons布道 become even more impressive and many people are brought to a state of

grace by them.“black veil”symbolizes the cover used to keep one’s guilt as a secret.2.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn—Mark Twain 人物：Huck, Jim 1.Huck’s quest for freedom and Jim’s quest for anti-slavery

2.Society vs.individual

3.Huck’ birth and rebirth

4.Huck’s loneliness and isolation 人物性格分析：Huck is always practical and natural, exhibiting good common sense.Huck is

extremely adaptable.Huck is also very shrewd and possesses a good inventive ability.His

sympathy for other human beings, his shrewdness and ingenuity, his basic intelligence, his good

common sense and his basic practicality.3.An American Tragedy--Theodore Dreiser 人物：Clyde Griffths

總結(jié)：Clyde thinks money and success will bring him happiness.When a pregnant girlfriend

threatens to destroy this dream, he plans to kill her.At the last moment, he changes his mind, but

the girl dies accidentally anyway.Since Clyde has decided not to kill her, is he really responsible

for her death? This becomes the main question during the trial審判.The trial itself is not really

fair.The newspapers stir up public anger against him.In the end, Clyde is executed.Clearly,Dreiser believes that Clyde is not really guilty.Dreiser calls his novel a tragedy, and in certain

ways it is similar to classical Greek tragedy.It concentrates on a single individual, who gives it

unity;and his individual is eventually destroyed by forces which he cannot control.4.The Hairy Ape—Eugene O’Neill人物：Yank

全文總結(jié)：Yank, the ape-like seaman, attempts to rise to a higher level.Yank’s initial crisis is

seeing himself unfavorably in the mirror of the society girl when she calls him a filthy beast.After

this incident, and throughout the play, he struggles to find out exactly who and what he is.Ultimately he tries to find meaning and purpose in the animal world by freeing a caged gorilla, but

this final effort fails also.In the end, Yank dies, without ever finding his place of belonging.The

general feeling is one of despair: Man is rootless in an indifferent and impersonal universe.The next day Yank goes to the monkey house at the zoo.The gorilla’s brute

strength impresses him and he speaks to the animal as a friend.He describes the feelings he had in

the park, watching the sun rise on the sea.At last he understood Paddy’s nostalgia for the old life,but he knew he could never belong to it.This realization led him to seek out the gorilla.Yank says

the gorilla is lucky to belong to one world while he belongs to neither heaven nor earth.Identifying himself with the animal, Yank frees him to get even with the men who have put him in the cage.The gorilla picks him up, crushes him and throws him into the open cage.When the door has slammed shut on him and the gorilla has gone the dying Yank calls out mockingly to imaginary spectators to step right up and have a look at the one and only---Hairy Ape.He dies, having pronounced this final judgment on himself.In a stage note the playwright suggests that perhaps Yank at last belongs.5.A Farewell to Arms—Ernest Hemingway 人物：Henry, Catherine Barkley, Emilio

Dialogue

Interior monologue// stream of consciousness

Understatement The Grim Reality of War

The Relationship between Love and Pain

Feelings of lossThe novel tells about the war experience and the love story of an American lieutenant, Henry, during the World War I.Henry serves in the Italian ambulance crops, and fall in love with an English nurse, Catherine.Although in civilian clothes, he is suspected, and forced to flee with Cat to Switzerland.They go to Lausanne for the birth of their child, but the baby is stillborn and Cat dies in childbirth.Henry is left alone in a strange land;his dream of leading a decent life broke into smithereens.So the novel is both farewell to war, and a farewell to love.6.Autobiography--Benjamin FranklinIt is probably the first autobiography in American literature.It is an interesting record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity.It’s a record of self-examination and self-improvement.He wrote it at 65.

第三篇：英語專業(yè)八級人文知識練習(xí)題：美國文學(xué)

1.The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____

A Jack London

B Charles Dickens

C Samuel Coleridge

D Ernest Hemingway

2.In which novel can “Yahoo” be found?

A John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress

B Edmund Spencer's The Faerie Queen

C Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels

D Henry Fielding's Tom Jones

3.The Catcher in the Rye is written by ____

A J.D.Salinger

B Jack London

C Flannery O'Connor

D Saul Bellow

4.The image of the famous “henpecked husband” is created by____

A Washington Irving

B Fennimore Cooper

C Edith Wharton

D William Dean Howells

5.The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be ____

A O'Neil

B Pound

C Robert Frost

D Scott Fitzgerald

6.____ is the most important person of the transcendental club.A Hawthorn

B Whitman

C Emerson

D Hemingway

7.The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except____

A fridendship

B love and marriage

C life and death

D war and peace

8.Robert Frost is a famous ____

A novelist

B playwright

C poet

D literary critic

9.Dover Beach is written by ____

A Robert Browning

B Alfred Tennyson

C Mathew Arnold

D Dylan Thomas

10.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ____ in the literary history of the United States.A Age of Realism

B Age of Clasicalism

C Age of Romanticism

D Age of Renaissance

答案及解析:

1.D 《老人與海》是海明威的作品。

2.C Jonathan Swift的Gulliver's Travels(《格列弗游記》)中yahoo暗指人類，集人類丑陋面于一身，服務(wù)于動物的一類生物。

3.A The Catcher in the Rye(《麥田里的守望者》)是J.D.Salinger(J.D.賽琳格)的名著。

4.A henpecked husband 是指“怕老婆的男人”，改典型形象出自Washington Irving 的Rip Van Winkle。

5.D 二十世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)Jazz Age，這一代的年輕人物欲膨脹，沉迷酒色。Scott Fitzgerald的 Great Gatsby《了不起的蓋茨比》根據(jù)時代特征，對深深諷刺了所謂的美國夢。

6.C Emerson是超驗主義的重要代表，所著Nature《論自然》代表了他的哲學(xué)觀。

7.D Emily Dickinson(1709-1784)，美國女詩人，終生未嫁。主要詩歌包括：I Could Not Sto for Death還有，I'm Nobody.Who Are You?

詩歌主題為：愛情，自然，友誼，死亡與不朽。

8.C Robert Frost是十九世紀(jì)的美國詩人，后因父親過世已經(jīng)英國，在新英格蘭享有很高名望。主要作品有：The Road Not Taken，Mending Wall。

9.C Dover Beach(《多弗的海灘》)是Mathew Arnold 的作品。

10.A 1865-1914，也就是美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之后，第一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)之前。這個時候涌現(xiàn)的作家，比如Mark Twain刻畫出美國經(jīng)濟(jì)政治發(fā)展引發(fā)的社會現(xiàn)實問題，包括“Gold Rush”。

第四篇：大四美國文學(xué)期末考試題型及例題

大四美國文學(xué)期末考試題型及例題 大四美國文學(xué)期末考試題型及例題：

1.選擇/對錯 60分（40道選擇，20個對錯）

2.名詞解釋 10分（5個）

3.選段配對 10分（5個）

4.問答20分（10/2）

1．歷史：Father / poetess…

2.名作家：Hemingway, Faulkner, Poe, Hawthorne, Emerson

3．作品：The Wasteland/Moby Dick/Scarlet Letter

1.At the age of reason and revolution, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ________.A.Chartist MovementB.Romanticist Movement

C.Enlightenment MovementD.Modernist Movement

2.Which is NOT connected to Benjamin Franklin? ________

A.He was born in a poor family.B.He was a pious puritan.C.He was phrased as “Jack of all trades”.D.He was a master of diplomacy.3.Ernest Hemingway is noted for the following EXCEPT ________.A.Lost Generation

B.Iceberg theory

C.American Dream

D.Code Heroes

4.Which character is NOT from The Scarlet Letter? ________

A.Hester Prynne

B.Roger Chillingworth

C.Captain Ahab

D.Pearl

5.Jack London’s semi-biographical novel ________ well presents the disillusionment of American Dream.A.The American Tragedy

B.The Call of the Wild

C.Martin Eden

D.The Grapes of Wrath

1.Poe’s masterpiece “To Helen” is written to memorize his deceased wife.(F)

2.The tone of “Annabel Lee” is optimistic and hopeful.(F)

3.Mark Twain's novel Jumping Frog was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize.(F)

4.Sister Carrie ended up in tragedy because she could not control her fate.(F)

1.It refers to the religious beliefs held by the Puritans, who had intended to “purify” or simplify the religious ritual of the Church of England.They believed in the original sin and the harsh Day of Doom, although some good people---the chosen people or “the Elect”---may be saved.（2.A literary doctrine that called for “reality and truth” in the depiction of ordinary life．It had originated in France and was very popular in 19th century.（1.Fair flower, that dost so comely grow,Hid in this silent, dull retreat,Untouched thy honeyed blossoms blow,Unseen thy little branches greet:

No roving foot shall crush thee here,No busy hand provoke a tear.2.During the whole of a dull, dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the cloud hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country;and at length found myself, as the shades of evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher.I know not how it was—but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit.1.Transcendentalism

(a)Transcendentalism(p56)

{1}As a moral philosophy, it exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.& believed in the transcendence of the“oversoul” {2}A literary movement flourishing in New England from the 1830s to the Civil war.It stresses intuitive understanding of God, without the help of the church and advocated independence of the mind.The representative writers are Emerson and Thoreau.{b}Transcendentalism exerted a dominating notion onto the major wirers of the Romantic period and its essence has been permanently absorbed into the main stream of American thought.As a moral philosophy, Transcendentalists took their ideas from the romantic literature of Europe, from neo-Platonism, from German idealistic philosophy and from the revelations of Oriental mysticism.They spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society.They believed in the transcendence of the “Oversoul”, an all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part.As a philosophical and literary

movement, Transcendentalism flourished in New England from the 1830’s to the Civil War.Its doctrines found their greatest literary advocated in Emerson, who believed that man was a part of absolute good, and in Thoreau who beheld divinity in the “unspotted innocence” of nature.It was a powerful expression of the intellectual mood of the age, and the ideas it represented have remained a strong influence on great American writers from the days of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Walt Whitman to the present.2.“The Road Not Taken”

In this poem, the author uses two roads in the woods to symbolize the choices in the real life.The author suggests us not being afraid to take a chance, not following the crowd and trying new things.Individualism is highlighted in the poem because the speaker chooses to go his own way, taking the “road less traveled”.Caution is also taken before deciding to take the “road less traveled”, for the speaker takes time to consider the other road.Commitment is symbolized in the poem because the speaker does not have second thoughts after making his decision.The last symbolized theme is accepting a challenge.It may be that the road the

speaker chooses is less traveled because it represents trials or perils.Such challengesseem to appeal to the speaker.The Road Not Taken

This poem, as many of Frost’s poems, begins with the observation of nature, as if the poet is a traveler sightseeing in nature.By the end, all the simple words condense into a serious proposition: When anyone in life is confronted with making a choice, in order to possess something worthwhile, he has to give up something which seems as lovely and valuable as the chosen one.Then, whatever follows, he must accept the consequence of his choice for it is not possible for him to return to the beginning and have another chance to choose differently.Frost is asserting that nature is fair and honest to everyone.Thus all the varieties of human destiny result from each person’s spontaneous capability of making choices.Form: The poem is very regularly structured with 4 classic 5-line stanzas, with the rhyme scheme “abaab” and in conversational rhythm.3.The Great Gatsby

Thematically，the novel is a parody of the American dream as represented by Gatsby’s pursuit for wealth and love．

(1)American Dream(derived the Puritanism)is a popular belief that people can achieve success，whether it is wealth，fame or love through honest hard working in a new world of liberty，equality，chances and promises．(e.g.Franklin, Obama)

(2)It is true that Gatsby had a huge wealth，but it was built up through illegal means—bootlegging.Daisy was the embodiment of love for Gatsby，but the Daisy in Gatsby’s illusion was not the Daisy in reality——a mindless and spiritless woman only with a beautiful appearance，who retreated to her boring but secure way of life rather than accept the responsibility at the moment of crisis．

(3)Like Franklin，Gatsby also made a time table and a list of “do’s and don'ts”．But unfortunately he did not know that the time had changed．

(4)Therefore, G’s dream is tarnished by his material possessions, much like America is now with the obsession with wealth.In any case, Gatsby would have failed to his idealistic dream inevitably, namely disillusion of American dream.Together with Martin Eden, it well presents the disillusionment of American Dream.Main ideas:

Nick Caraway, the narrator decided to leave his family in the Midwest to study bond business in New York．He took a small house at West Egg of Long Island and became a neighbor of Jay Gatsby，a mysterious man of great wealth．He resumed acquaintance with Tom Buchanan and his wife Daisy at a dinner party in their home．There he also met Jordan Baker，an attractive but arrogant young lady．He soon learned that their marriage was not happy and Tom has a mistress，Myrtle，wife of George Wilson，a garage owner in the Valley of Ashes．A few days later he was invited to Gatsby’s party.From Gatsby and later from Jordan, Nick learned of the love affair between Daisy and Gatsby before she married Tom．Gatsby then made a request of Nick：to bring Daisy to tea and meet Gatsby．At the reunion Gatsby changed from nervousness to excitement and from excitement to a remote fantasy．At a party Gatsby gave to the Buchanans，Nick and Jordan，Gatsby and Tom had a fierce quarrel over Daisy and Daisy sided with both men in turns．Then Daisy and Gatsby left in Gatsby’s car while the others followed in Tom’s．On the way Gatsby’s car knocked Myrtle dead and ran away，but he later told Nick that Daisy was driving at the time of the accident．Myrtle，thinking Tom was in the car，ran toward it and was hit．Meanwhile Mr．Wilson traced Gatsby’s car and found Gatsby's house．A few hours later both of them were found dead．Apparently Wilson shot Gatsby and then himself．Although Nick tried to make Gatsby’s funeral respectable，none of his friends came．Only Gatsby’s father appeared，still thinking that his son was a great man．On another occasion Nick met Tom and Daisy and was reluctant to shake hands with them．He already knew that it was Tom who made Wilson believe that Myrtle was Gatsby’s lover and was run over by Gatsby．Soon Nick went back to his people in the Middle West．

第五篇：毛概期末考試重點已精選（共）

第五章

一：關(guān)于三個主體三個補充。陳云提出了三個主體三個補充的思想，主張在工商業(yè)經(jīng)營方面，國家經(jīng)營和集體經(jīng)營為是工商業(yè)的主體，一定數(shù)量的個體是補充，在生產(chǎn)計劃方面，計劃生產(chǎn)是工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主體，按照市場變化而在國家計劃的許可范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行自由生產(chǎn)是補充，在流通領(lǐng)域，國家市場是社會主義市場的主體，一定范圍內(nèi)國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的自由市場是補充，提出了計劃指標(biāo)必須必須切合實際，建設(shè)規(guī)模必須同國力相適應(yīng)的觀點，人民生活和國家建設(shè)必須兼顧，直盯計劃必須做好物資。財政，信貸平衡的觀點。

二：關(guān)于社會主義本質(zhì)內(nèi)容，科學(xué)內(nèi)涵。社會主義的本質(zhì)是解放生產(chǎn)力，發(fā)展生產(chǎn)了，消滅剝削，消除兩極分化，最終達(dá)到共同富裕。科學(xué)內(nèi)涵：（1）把發(fā)展社會主義生產(chǎn)力納入社會主義的本質(zhì)。1.從我國社會主義建設(shè)的歷史經(jīng)驗來看，過去對什么是社會主義的問題之所以沒有搞清楚，一個重要原因就是離開生產(chǎn)力抽象談社會主義，誤以為只要不斷改變生產(chǎn)關(guān)系，提高共有程度就能推動生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，甚至以季節(jié)斗爭為剛?cè)〈a(chǎn)力發(fā)展，更沒認(rèn)識到社會主義還有解放生產(chǎn)力的問題。2.從中國具體國情看，我過還處于社會主義初級階段，社會主義主要矛盾更加突出，解放發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力問題就更重要。3.從時代特征看，和平發(fā)展是當(dāng)今時代的主題，新的科技革命迅速發(fā)展的條件下，世界各國都在抓住時機，加快發(fā)展，只有突出發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展在社會主義本質(zhì)中作用，才能自覺的以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，抓住機遇不斷發(fā)展，不斷推進(jìn)社會主義建設(shè)，并證明社會主義優(yōu)越性。（2）突出情調(diào)消滅剝削消除兩極分化，最終達(dá)到共同富裕。社會主義本質(zhì)的意義：1社會主義理論把我們對社會主義的認(rèn)識提高到了一個新的科技水平2 社會主義本質(zhì)輪對探索怎樣建設(shè)社會主義具有重要實踐意義。

三：為什么說發(fā)展是黨執(zhí)政興國的第一要務(wù)。把發(fā)展作為執(zhí)政興國的第一要務(wù)是由中國共產(chǎn)的執(zhí)政地位所決定的，是對執(zhí)政規(guī)律深化的認(rèn)識，也是黨實現(xiàn)其承擔(dān)歷史責(zé)任的需要。我國這樣一個發(fā)展中打過，能不能解決號發(fā)展問題，直接關(guān)系到人心向背，事業(yè)興衰。中國共產(chǎn)黨的執(zhí)政地位是人民的選著，選擇的原因從根本上說是相信它能領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國實現(xiàn)民富國強，振興中華。1.只有緊緊抓住這個要務(wù)，黨才能在新世紀(jì)新階段實現(xiàn)自己的歷史使命，承擔(dān)起歷史責(zé)任，因為不論是全面建設(shè)小康社會，提高人民物質(zhì)生活水平，增強綜合國力，實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興，實現(xiàn)住過統(tǒng)一和促進(jìn)世界和平號都要靠發(fā)展2.只有把發(fā)展作為主題，才能從根本上把握人民的愿望，不斷鞏固和加強黨的群眾基礎(chǔ)，把中國特色社會主義推想前進(jìn)，通過多待人的努力，創(chuàng)造出比資本主義更發(fā)達(dá)的生產(chǎn)力，使人民得到更多實際利益，顯示社會主義優(yōu)越性3.也只有靠發(fā)展才能稅負(fù)那些不相信社會主義的人，堅定社會主義和住過前途的信念和信心。總之，解決社會主義初級階段的各種社會矛盾和問題，都要靠發(fā)展發(fā)展是硬道理，硬就硬在這里。

第六章

一：社會主義初級階段的科學(xué)含義。1.我國社會已經(jīng)是社會主義社會，我們必須堅持而不能離開社會主義。2.我國的社會主義還處在初級階段。3.我國的社會主義初級階段具有長期性 二：社會主義初級階段基本路線的主要內(nèi)容。1.建設(shè)“富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家”。2.一個中心，兩個基本點。3.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和團(tuán)結(jié)全國各族人民。4.自力更生，艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè) 三：社會主義初級階段的基本綱領(lǐng)。1.建設(shè)中國特色社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)，就是在社會主義條件下發(fā)展市場經(jīng)濟(jì)，不斷解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。實現(xiàn)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展，保證人民共享改革和發(fā)展成果。2.建設(shè)中國特色的社會主義政治，就是在中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在人民當(dāng)家作主的基礎(chǔ)上，依法治國，發(fā)展社會主義民主政治。實現(xiàn)社會安定、政府廉潔高效、全國各民族團(tuán)結(jié)和睦生動活潑的政治局面。3.建設(shè)中國特色的社會主義文化，就是以馬克思主義為知道，以培育有理想、有道德、有文化、有紀(jì)律的公民為目標(biāo)，發(fā)展面向現(xiàn)代化、面向世界、面向未來的，民族的、科學(xué)的、大眾的社會主義文化。建設(shè)社會主義核心價值體系，推動社會主 1

義文化大發(fā)展大繁榮。4.構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會，就是要按照民主政治、公平正義、誠信友愛、充滿活力、安定有序、人與自然和諧相處的總要求和共同建設(shè)、共同享有的原則，以改善民生為重點，解決好人民最關(guān)心、最直接、最現(xiàn)實的利益問題，努力形成全體人民各盡其能、各得其所而又和諧相處的局面。

四：三步走戰(zhàn)略的內(nèi)容。1.第一步：從1981年到1990年實現(xiàn)國民生產(chǎn)比1980年翻一番，解決人民的溫飽問題；2.第二步：從1991年到20世紀(jì)末，使國民生產(chǎn)總值再增長一倍，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平，3.第三步：到21世紀(jì)中葉，人均國民生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國家水平，人民生活比較富裕，基本實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。

五：三步走戰(zhàn)略的特點。1.堅持了雄心壯志與實事求是的統(tǒng)一。2.把經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和提高人民生活水平結(jié)合起來，堅持了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和實現(xiàn)社會主義本質(zhì)要求的統(tǒng)一。3.明確提出了把我國建設(shè)成為富強民主文明的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家，堅持了經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會的全面發(fā)展。4.提出了戰(zhàn)略具有長期性。

六：十七大在全面建設(shè)小康社會方面提出的更高要求。1.增強發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性，努力實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)友好又快發(fā)展。2.擴(kuò)大社會主義民主，更好保障人民權(quán)益和社會公平正義。3.加強文化建設(shè)，明顯提高全民族文明素質(zhì)。4.加快發(fā)展社會事業(yè)，全面改善人民生活。5.建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，基本形成節(jié)約能源資源和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、增長方式、消費方式。

七：改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。1.發(fā)展是目的，是改革與穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)。2.改革的力度、發(fā)展的速度和社會可以承受的程度統(tǒng)一起來。3.把不斷改善人民生活作為處理改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定關(guān)系的重要結(jié)合點。

第七章

一：對外開放的必要性。1.當(dāng)今的世界開放的世界，這是對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展歷史的深刻總結(jié)，是生產(chǎn)社會化和商品經(jīng)濟(jì)、市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。2.中國的發(fā)展離不開世界。3.實行對外開放也是充分發(fā)揮社會主義制度優(yōu)越性的需要。4.實行對外開放要處理好對外開放與獨立自主、自力更生的關(guān)系。

二：鄧小平的社會主義初級階段主要矛盾的理論。1.判斷一種生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和生產(chǎn)力是否相適應(yīng)，要從實際出發(fā)，具體問題具體分析，主要看它是否適應(yīng)當(dāng)時的生產(chǎn)力的要求，是否推動生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展。2.提出在社會主義社會依然有解放生產(chǎn)力的問題。3.把社會主義基本矛盾、主要矛盾和根本任務(wù)統(tǒng)一起來。4.提出了解決社會主義初級階段主要矛盾的途徑是改革

三：三個有利于思想內(nèi)容。鄧小平在1992年的南方談話中，明確提出了“三個有利于”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即要以是否有利于發(fā)展社會主義社會的生產(chǎn)力、是否有利于增強社會主義國家的綜合國力，是否有利于提高人民生活水平作為判斷改革得失成敗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

四：獨立自主、自力更生和對外開放的辯證關(guān)系。堅持獨立自主、自力更生同對外開放是相輔相成的。獨立自主、自力更生是實行對外開放的基礎(chǔ)，只有增強獨立自主、自力更生的能力，才能在國際上獲得較高的信譽，吸引更多的合作者，才能不斷擴(kuò)大對外開放的廣度和深度；對外開放是為了增強獨立自主、自力更生的能力，在對外開放的過程中積極利用外國的投資、先進(jìn)技術(shù)與管理經(jīng)驗，取得更好的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效益，可以加快本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，增強經(jīng)濟(jì)實力和綜合國力

五：怎樣理解對外開放是全方位、多層次、寬領(lǐng)域的開放。所謂全方位就是不論對資本主義國家還是社會主義國家，對發(fā)達(dá)國家還是對發(fā)展中國家都實行對外開放政策。所謂多層次，就是根據(jù)各地區(qū)的實際和特點，通過經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)、沿海開放城市、經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)、沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)開放區(qū)、開放沿邊和沿江地區(qū)以及內(nèi)陸內(nèi)陸省區(qū)的不同開放程度的各種形式，形成全國范圍內(nèi)的對外開放。所謂寬領(lǐng)域，就是立足于我國國情，對國際商品市場、國際資本市場、國際技術(shù)市場、國際勞務(wù)市場的開放，把對外開放擴(kuò)展到能源、交通的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)以及金融、保險、房地產(chǎn)、科技、教育、文化、服務(wù)業(yè)等。

第八章

1.社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的內(nèi)涵：1.突破了過去公認(rèn)的計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)是代表社會主義和資本主義兩種經(jīng)濟(jì)制度本質(zhì)屬性的觀念，認(rèn)為他們都是經(jīng)濟(jì)手段；2.計劃和市場作為調(diào)節(jié)的兩種手段，他們對經(jīng)濟(jì)的調(diào)節(jié)各有自己的優(yōu)勢和長處，在社會化大生產(chǎn)和存在復(fù)雜經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的條件下，市場經(jīng)濟(jì)對促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有更強的適應(yīng)性、更顯著的優(yōu)勢和較高的效率；3.市場經(jīng)濟(jì)作為資源配置的一種方式本身不具有制度屬性，但是，它與社會主義相結(jié)合而形成的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制則必須體現(xiàn)社會主義基本制度的特征。

2.社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本特征：在所有制結(jié)構(gòu)上，以公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展；在分配制度上，以按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存；在宏觀調(diào)控上，以實現(xiàn)最廣大勞動人民的利益為出發(fā)點和歸宿。

3.社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)與資本主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系：共性：1.從資源配置方式來看，都是以市場為基礎(chǔ)性配置手段；2.從微觀層面看，企業(yè)都是獨立的市場主體和法人實體；3.從經(jīng)濟(jì)活動看，市場經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律起著支配作用；從宏觀層面看，政府的宏觀調(diào)控主要是通過經(jīng)濟(jì)手段來實現(xiàn)的；4.從經(jīng)濟(jì)運行看，法制起著基本的保障作用。

4.確立公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的基本依據(jù)是：公有制是社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的基礎(chǔ)，是社會主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系區(qū)別于資本主義的本質(zhì)特征，是勞動人民當(dāng)家做主的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)，也是社會化大生產(chǎn)的客觀要求；我國還處于社會主義初級階段，生產(chǎn)力還不發(fā)達(dá)，生產(chǎn)社會化的程度還不高，發(fā)展還很不平衡，需要在公有制為主體的條件下發(fā)展多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，以適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)力的要求；一切符合“三個有利于”標(biāo)注的所有制形式，都可以而且應(yīng)該用來為發(fā)展社會主義服務(wù)。

5.公有制的主體地位主要體現(xiàn)在兩個方面：1.公有資產(chǎn)在社會總資產(chǎn)中占優(yōu)勢。2.國有經(jīng)濟(jì)控制國民經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈，對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起主導(dǎo)作用。公有資產(chǎn)占優(yōu)勢，要有量的優(yōu)勢，更要注重質(zhì)的提高。

6.非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)包括個體經(jīng)濟(jì)、私營經(jīng)濟(jì)混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)中的非公有制成分等，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)在加強社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制建設(shè)方面的不可替代的作用：市場經(jīng)濟(jì)要求市場主體多元化，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的存在和發(fā)展，提供了多種市場經(jīng)濟(jì)主體，為建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制提供了不可缺少的條件；通過競爭，促進(jìn)作為主體的公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，特別是國有經(jīng)濟(jì)加速市場化改革，提高經(jīng)營管理水平，增強市場競爭力；外資企業(yè)的進(jìn)入不僅會帶來資金、先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗，而且還會帶來一些與社會化生產(chǎn)規(guī)律和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制相適應(yīng)的經(jīng)營方式和資本組織形式可謂我國公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是國有經(jīng)濟(jì)的體制創(chuàng)新提供借鑒。

7.堅持按勞分配的主體地位的必然性：1.社會主義初級階段的公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，決定了收入分配領(lǐng)域必然實行按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度；2.社會主義之所以必須實行按勞分配是由社會主義公有制和社會生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展水平?jīng)Q定的；3.勞動還是謀生的手段，這決定了社會還不具備實行按需分配的條件。

8.按生產(chǎn)要素有多種不同的分配形式，就其內(nèi)容可以分為三種類型：1.以勞動作為生產(chǎn)要素參與分配；2.勞動以外的生產(chǎn)要素所有者參與分配；3.管理和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)類的生產(chǎn)要素參與分配。

9．正確認(rèn)識先富和共富的關(guān)系：先富是實現(xiàn)共富的捷徑，共同富裕并不等于同時富裕、同步富裕、同等富裕。奔向富裕是一個有先有后、有快有慢逐步實現(xiàn)的過程，要求所有人、所有地區(qū)同時、同步、同等富裕起來是不切實際的，必須允許一部分人、一部分地區(qū)先富起來。共同富裕的構(gòu)想正是這樣提出來的：一部分地區(qū)有條件先發(fā)展起來，一部分地區(qū)發(fā)展慢點，先發(fā)展起來的地區(qū)帶動后發(fā)展的地區(qū)，最終達(dá)到共同富裕。先富不是目的，而是實現(xiàn)共同富裕的途徑和手段；強調(diào)共富并不是要否定先富。

10.在社會主義初級階段，承認(rèn)和允許人們在收入方面存在差距的必然性：1.勞動者的個人稟賦和家庭負(fù)擔(dān)的不同，實行按勞分配原則必然產(chǎn)生收入和富裕程度不同；2.實行多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)和多種分配方式，擁有不同生產(chǎn)要素的不同社會成員也必然會產(chǎn)生收入的差距和富裕程度的不同；3.發(fā)展社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)，在價值規(guī)律和競爭的作用下優(yōu)勝劣汰，使具有不同競爭能力的人在富裕程度上必然出現(xiàn)差距；4.城鄉(xiāng)之間、地區(qū)之間、腦力勞動和體力勞動之間，以及不同經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域和部門之間客觀上存在的差別，也必然引起收入的差別和富裕程度的不同。

11.分配理論的的發(fā)展過程：黨十四大以來，提出兼顧效率和公平與效率優(yōu)先、兼顧公平的原則。黨的十六大提出堅持效率優(yōu)先、兼顧公平方面既要提倡奉獻(xiàn)精神，又要落實分配政策，既要反對平均主義，又要防止收入懸殊。十六屆四中全會強調(diào)注重社會公平，合理調(diào)整國民收入分配格局，逐步實現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕。十六屆五中全會以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，提出要在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，更加注重社會公平，合理調(diào)整國民收入分配格局，加大調(diào)節(jié)收入分配的力度。十七大提出初次分配和再分配都要處理好效率和公平關(guān)系，再分配更加注重公平。

12.中國特色新型工業(yè)化道路的含義：堅持走中國特色新型工業(yè)化道路，就是要堅持以信息化帶動工業(yè)化，以工業(yè)化促進(jìn)信息化，走出一條科技含量高、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好、資源消耗低、環(huán)境污染少、人力資源優(yōu)勢得到充分發(fā)揮的新型工業(yè)化路子。新型工業(yè)化道路是以信息化帶動工業(yè)化，以科技進(jìn)步為動力、以提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和市場競爭力為中心的工業(yè)化，是與實施可持續(xù)發(fā)展相結(jié)合的工業(yè)化，是充分發(fā)揮我國人力資源優(yōu)勢的工業(yè)化。

第九章

13.堅持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家做主和依法治國的關(guān)系：1.中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是人民當(dāng)家做主和依法治國的根本保證；2.人民當(dāng)家做主是社會主義政治的本質(zhì)和核心要求，是社會主義政治文明建設(shè)的根本出發(fā)點和歸宿，社會主義政治的本質(zhì)是人民當(dāng)家做主；3.依法治國是黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民治理國家的基本方略，依法治國與人民民主、黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是緊密聯(lián)系、相輔相成、相互促進(jìn)的。

14.我國現(xiàn)階段人民主專政與無產(chǎn)階級專政的共性：1.性質(zhì)相同，都是以工人階級為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，以工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟為基礎(chǔ)的國家政權(quán)，都是絕大多數(shù)人享有民主權(quán)利而對極少數(shù)敵人實行專政的新型民主；2.作用職能相同，都承擔(dān)著鞏固和發(fā)展社會主義制度，擴(kuò)大人民民主，鎮(zhèn)壓敵對勢力反抗，保衛(wèi)和鞏固革命成果，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和組織全面的社會主義建設(shè)的職能；3.歷史使命相同，都大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力，完善和發(fā)展社會主義的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和上層建筑，逐步消滅一切階級差別和社會不平等，為未來過度到共產(chǎn)主義創(chuàng)造條件。

15.人民民主專政的個性：1.從政權(quán)組成的階級結(jié)構(gòu)來看，在過渡時期，參加國家政權(quán)的不僅有工人、農(nóng)民和城市小資產(chǎn)階級，在一定的歷史時期中還有民資資產(chǎn)階級；2.從黨派之間的關(guān)系來看。實行共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作與政治協(xié)商；3.從概念表述上看，人民民主專政的提法更全面、更明確的表示人民民主和人民專政這兩個相互聯(lián)系的方面。

16.我國政黨制度的特點和優(yōu)越性：在我國的政黨制度中，中國共產(chǎn)黨是執(zhí)政黨，民主黨派是參政黨，不是在野黨，更不是反對黨；中國共產(chǎn)黨和個民主黨派有著共同的根本利益和共同的目標(biāo)，都以四項基本原則為共同準(zhǔn)則，以實現(xiàn)不同時期的總?cè)蝿?wù)為共同綱領(lǐng)，以建設(shè)中國特色社會主義為共同理想；個民主黨派都參加國家政權(quán)，參與國家事務(wù)的管理，參與國家大政方針和國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人選的協(xié)商，參與國家方針、政策、法律、法規(guī)的制定執(zhí)行；中國共產(chǎn)黨和各民主黨派都以憲法為根本活動準(zhǔn)則，都受到憲法的保護(hù)，享有憲法規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)的政治自由、組織獨立和法律上的平等地位。

17.黨的十七大首次把基層群眾自治制度納入中國特色社會主義民主政治制度的基本范疇是因為：一方面，發(fā)展基層民主是發(fā)展社會主義民主的基礎(chǔ)性工作；另一方面，基層民主是

社會主義民主最廣泛的實踐，發(fā)展基層直接民主，有利于提高全民的民主素質(zhì)，為發(fā)展社會主義民主進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)造條件。

18.法治國的含義和意義：依法治國就是廣大人民群眾在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，依照憲法和法律規(guī)定，通過各種途徑和形式管理國家事務(wù)，管理經(jīng)濟(jì)文化事業(yè)，管理社會事務(wù)，保證國家各項工作都依法進(jìn)行，逐步實現(xiàn)社會主義民主的制度化、法律化，使得這種制度和法律不因領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的改變而改變，不因領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人看法和注意力改變而改變。依法治國是中國共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政方式的重大轉(zhuǎn)變，有利于加強和改善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；依法治國是發(fā)展社會主義民主、實現(xiàn)人民民主當(dāng)家做主的根本保證；依法治國是發(fā)展社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)和擴(kuò)大對外開放的客觀需要；依法治國是國家長治久安的重要保障。

19.加強社會主義法治建設(shè)的基本要求：有法可依、有法必依、執(zhí)法必嚴(yán)、違法必究。

20.如何深化政治體制改革：1.深化政治體制改革，必須堅持正確政治方向，一保證人民當(dāng)家做主為根本，以曾強黨和國家活力、調(diào)動人民民主積極性為目標(biāo)，擴(kuò)大社會主義民主，建設(shè)社會主義法制國家，發(fā)展社會主義政治文明；2.推進(jìn)政治體制改革，必須從我國的國情出發(fā)，既要態(tài)度積極，又要步子穩(wěn)妥；3.推進(jìn)政治體制改革，必須堅定不移的走中國特色社會主義政治發(fā)展道路，絕對不能照搬西方政治模式。

第十章

21.建設(shè)中國特色社會主義文化的重要性：1.中國特色社會主義文化是現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容；2.中國特色社會主義文化是凝聚和激勵全國各族人民的重要力量，是綜合國力的重要標(biāo)志；3.中國特色社會主義文化為現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供智力支持、精神動力和思想保證。

22.中國特色社會主義文化建設(shè)的根本任務(wù)是：歸根到底是為了滿足人民群眾日益增長的精神文化需要不斷豐富人們的精神世界，增強人們的精神力量，促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展；以馬列、毛鄧三為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，這里培育四有公民，切實提高全民族的思想道德素質(zhì)和科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)。

23.社會主義核心價值體系基本內(nèi)容：包括馬克思主義指導(dǎo)思想、中國特色社會主義共同理想、以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革開放創(chuàng)新為核心的時代精神、社會主義榮辱觀。

24.樹立社會主義榮辱觀的意義：社會主義榮辱觀是對社會主義思想道德體系全面系統(tǒng)、準(zhǔn)確通俗的表達(dá)。它繼承中華傳統(tǒng)美德，有發(fā)揚了我們黨優(yōu)秀革命道德傳統(tǒng)概括了社會主義思想道德建設(shè)的新鮮經(jīng)驗，集中體現(xiàn)了改革開放以來形成的時代精神和時代風(fēng)尚樹立社會主義榮辱觀，體現(xiàn)了愛國主義、集體主義、社會主義思想，體現(xiàn)了依法治國同以德治國的結(jié)合，標(biāo)志著我們黨對社會主義思想道德建設(shè)規(guī)律認(rèn)識的深化，對新形勢下加強社會主義思想道德建設(shè)將產(chǎn)生積極而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

第十一章

25.構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的科學(xué)含義：社會主義和諧社會，是民主法治、公平正義、誠信與愛、充滿活力、安定有序、人與自然和諧相處的社會。1.民主法治，是社會主義民主得到充分發(fā)揚，依法治國基本方略得到切實落實，各方面積極因素得到廣泛調(diào)動。2.公平正義，就是社會各方面的利益關(guān)系得到妥善協(xié)調(diào)，人民內(nèi)部矛盾和其他社會矛盾得到正確處理，社會公平和正義得到切實維護(hù)和實現(xiàn)。3.誠信友愛，就是全社會互幫互助、誠實守信，全體人民平等友愛、融洽相處。4.充滿活力，就是能夠使一切有利于社會進(jìn)步的創(chuàng)造愿望得到尊重，創(chuàng)造活動得到支持，創(chuàng)造才能得到發(fā)揮，創(chuàng)造成果得到肯定。5.安定有序，就是社會組織機制健全，社會管理完善，社會秩序良好，人民群眾安居樂業(yè)，社會保持安定團(tuán)結(jié)。6.人與自然和諧相處，就是生產(chǎn)發(fā)展，生活富裕，生態(tài)良好。

26.準(zhǔn)確把握社會主義和諧社會的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵，必須把握以下幾個方面：1.要正確把握社會主義和諧社會的性質(zhì)。2.要正確把握構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會同建設(shè)社會主義物質(zhì)文明、政治文明、精神文明的關(guān)系。3.要正確把握構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會與全面建設(shè)小康社會的關(guān)系。

27.構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的重要意義：一，理論意義：1.提出構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會，是對人類社會發(fā)展規(guī)律認(rèn)識的深化，是對馬克思主義關(guān)于社會主義建設(shè)理論的豐富和發(fā)展。2.提出構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會，是對社會主義建設(shè)規(guī)律認(rèn)識的深化，豐富和發(fā)展了中國特色社會主義理論。3.提出構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會，是對共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政規(guī)律的深化，是黨執(zhí)政理念的升華。二，實踐意義：1.構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會是中國特色社會主義事業(yè)“四位一體”總體布局的重要組成部分，既是對構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會作出部署，有利于全面推進(jìn)中國特色社會主義事業(yè)；2.使社會更加和諧全面建設(shè)小康社會的重要目標(biāo)，切實做好構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會各項工作，有利于充分調(diào)動社會各方面的積極性，抓住和利用好我國發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期，切實維護(hù)和促進(jìn)改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定的大局，確保實現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)小康社會的目標(biāo)；3.促進(jìn)社會和諧是中國最廣大人民的根本利益所在，把構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的各項任務(wù)落到實處，有利于進(jìn)一步解決好人民群眾最關(guān)心最直接最現(xiàn)實的利益問題，實現(xiàn)好維護(hù)好發(fā)展好最廣大人民的根本利益；4.社會和諧是應(yīng)對外部挑戰(zhàn)的重要條件，保持國內(nèi)安定和諧的社會政治局面，有利于增強民族凝聚力和抗風(fēng)險能力，更好的維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益。

28.構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會必須遵循的基本原則：1.必須堅持以人為本。這是構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的根本出發(fā)點和落腳點；2.必須堅持科學(xué)發(fā)展。這是構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的工作方針；3.必須堅持改革開放。這是構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的主要動力；4.必須堅持民主法治。這是構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的重要保證；5.必須正確處理改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。這是構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的重要條件；6.必須堅持在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下全社會共同建設(shè)。這是構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心和依靠力量。

第十二章

29.“和平統(tǒng)一、一國兩制”構(gòu)想的基本內(nèi)容和重要意義：基本內(nèi)容：1.一國兩制的基礎(chǔ)是一個中國。2.實行兩種制度3.保障臺港澳高度自治繁榮穩(wěn)定。4.實行一國兩制長期不變。5.盡最大努力爭取和平統(tǒng)一，但不承諾放棄武力。重要意義：1.“和平統(tǒng)一、一國兩制”構(gòu)想創(chuàng)造性的把和平共處原則用之于解決一個國家的統(tǒng)一問題 2.“和平統(tǒng)一、一國兩制”構(gòu)想創(chuàng)造性的發(fā)展了馬克思主義的國家學(xué)說。3.“和平統(tǒng)一、一國兩制”構(gòu)想體現(xiàn)了既堅持祖國統(tǒng)一、維護(hù)國家主權(quán)的原則堅定性，也體現(xiàn)了照顧歷史實際和現(xiàn)實可能的策略靈活性，可以避免武力統(tǒng)一會造成的不良后果。4.“和平統(tǒng)一、一國兩制”構(gòu)想有利于爭取社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)事業(yè)所需要的和平的國際環(huán)境與國內(nèi)環(huán)境。5.“和平統(tǒng)一、一國兩制”構(gòu)想為解決國際爭端和歷史遺留問題提供了新的思路。

30.胡四點：1.堅持一個中國原則決不動搖，2.爭取和平統(tǒng)一的努力決不放棄，3.貫徹寄希望于臺灣人民的方針決不改變，4.反對臺獨分裂活動決不妥協(xié)。

31.新形勢下對臺工作的指導(dǎo)思想：1.明確提出反對和遏制“臺獨”是新形勢下兩岸同胞最重要最緊迫的任務(wù)；2.提出兩岸關(guān)系現(xiàn)狀的定義，豐富了堅持一個中國原則的內(nèi)涵；3.提出構(gòu)建和平穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的兩岸關(guān)系，和平友好理應(yīng)成為兩岸關(guān)系發(fā)展的主題；4.強調(diào)和平統(tǒng)一工作也要體現(xiàn)以民為本、為民謀利；5.制定反分裂國家法，將中央對臺方針政策法律化。